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Fol M, Karpik W, Zablotni A, Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Godkowicz M, Druszczynska M. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections. Cells 2024; 13:335. [PMID: 38391948 PMCID: PMC10886880 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a group of lymphocyte-like cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs, lacking antigen-specific receptors, are a group of functionally differentiated effector cells that act as tissue-resident sentinels against infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the characteristics of ILC subgroups, but the mechanisms controlling protective or pathological responses to pathogens still need to be better understood. This review summarizes the functions of ILCs in the immunology of infections caused by different intracellular and extracellular pathogens and discusses their possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Zablotni
- Department of Bacterial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
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2
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu H, Zou X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Li M, Li K, Shi S, Zhang Y, Miao Z, Zha J, Yu Y. Nr4a1 marks a distinctive ILC2 activation subset in the mouse inflammatory lung. BMC Biol 2023; 21:218. [PMID: 37833706 PMCID: PMC10576290 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical sources of type 2 cytokines and represent one of the major tissue-resident lymphoid cells in the mouse lung. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ILC2 activation under challenges are not fully understood. RESULTS Here, using single-cell transcriptomics, genetic reporters, and gene knockouts, we identify four ILC2 subsets, including two non-activation subsets and two activation subsets, in the mouse acute inflammatory lung. Of note, a distinct activation subset, marked by the transcription factor Nr4a1, paradoxically expresses both tissue-resident memory T cell (Trm), and effector/central memory T cell (Tem/Tcm) signature genes, as well as higher scores of proliferation, activation, and wound healing, all driven by its particular regulons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Nr4a1+ILC2s are restrained from activating by the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), which negatively modulates their activation-related regulons. PD-1 deficiency places the non-activation ILC2s in a state that is prone to activation, resulting in Nr4a1+ILC2 differentiation through different activation trajectories. Loss of PD-1 also leads to the expansion of Nr4a1+ILC2s by the increase of their proliferation ability. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that activated ILC2s are a heterogenous population encompassing distinct subsets that have different propensities, and therefore provide an opportunity to explore PD-1's role in modulating the activity of ILC2s for disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingjie Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinya Zou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kairui Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuyue Shi
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhichao Miao
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
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3
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Mariotti FR, Guerra N, Stojanovic A, Quatrini L. Editorial: ILC checkpoints: expression and functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220350. [PMID: 37283753 PMCID: PMC10240057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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4
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RNA-sequencing reveals molecular and regional differences in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20616. [PMID: 36450816 PMCID: PMC9712691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by the functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. Histological changes have been reported in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia, suggesting its involvement in disease pathogenesis. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, our understanding of achalasia pathogenesis at the molecular level is very limited and gene expression profiling has not been performed. We performed bulk RNA-sequencing on esophageal mucosa from 14 achalasia and 8 healthy subjects. 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the distal esophageal mucosa of achalasia subjects and 120 DEGs were identified in proximal esophagus. Gene expression analysis identified genes common or exclusive to proximal and distal esophagus, highlighting regional differences in the disease. Enrichment of signaling pathways related to cytokine response and viral defense were observed. Increased infiltration of CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes were seen in the mucosa of 38 achalasia patients compared to 12 controls. Novel insights into the molecular changes occurring in achalasia were generated in this transcriptomic study. Some gene changes observed in the mucosa of achalasia may be associated with esophagitis. Differences in DEGs between distal and proximal esophagus highlight the importance of better understanding regional differences in achalasia.
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Li Z, Chen X, Dan J, Hu T, Hu Y, Liu S, Chai Y, Shi Y, Wu J, Ni H, Zhu J, Wu Y, Li N, Yu Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhong N, Ren X, Shen Z, Cao X. Innate immune imprints in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection convalescents. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:377. [PMID: 36379915 PMCID: PMC9666472 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection generally gives rise to asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 in vaccinated people. The immune cells can be reprogrammed or "imprinted" by vaccination and infections to generate protective immunity against subsequent challenges. Considering the immune imprint in Omicron infection is unclear, here we delineate the innate immune landscape of human Omicron infection via single-cell RNA sequencing, surface proteome profiling, and plasma cytokine quantification. We found that monocyte responses predominated in immune imprints of Omicron convalescents, with IL-1β-associated and interferon (IFN)-responsive signatures with mild and moderate symptoms, respectively. Low-density neutrophils increased and exhibited IL-1β-associated and IFN-responsive signatures similarly. Mild convalescents had increased blood IL-1β, CCL4, IL-9 levels and PI3+ neutrophils, indicating a bias to IL-1β responsiveness, while moderate convalescents had increased blood CXCL10 and IFN-responsive monocytes, suggesting durative IFN responses. Therefore, IL-1β- or IFN-responsiveness of myeloid cells may indicate the disease severity of Omicron infection and mediate post-COVID conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiaosu Chen
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Junyan Dan
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Tianju Hu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Research, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Ye Hu
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Shuxun Liu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Research, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Yansong Shi
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Jian Wu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Hailai Ni
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599The Health Care Department, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Nan Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | | | - Jincun Zhao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | | | | | - Zhongyang Shen
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Research, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005 China
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6
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Corrêa RO, Castro PR, Moser R, Ferreira CM, Quesniaux VFJ, Vinolo MAR, Ryffel B. Butyrate: Connecting the gut-lung axis to the management of pulmonary disorders. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1011732. [PMID: 36337621 PMCID: PMC9631819 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1011732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites released by bacterial components of the microbiota. These molecules have a wide range of effects in the microbiota itself, but also in host cells in which they are known for contributing to the regulation of cell metabolism, barrier function, and immunological responses. Recent studies indicate that these molecules are important players in the gut-lung axis and highlight the possibility of using strategies that alter their intestinal production to prevent or treat distinct lung inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the effects of the SCFA butyrate and its derivatives in vitro and in vivo on murine models of respiratory disorders, besides discussing the potential therapeutic use of butyrate and the other SCFAs in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology, Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Marcantonio Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Center for Research on Obesity and Comorbidities, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo,
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, INEM, UMR 7355, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
- Bernhard Ryffel,
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7
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Xu M, Li C, Yang J, Ye A, Yan L, Yeoh BS, Shi L, Kim YS, Kang J, Vijay-Kumar M, Xiong N. Activation of CD81 + skin ILC2s by cold-sensing TRPM8 + neuron-derived signals maintains cutaneous thermal homeostasis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabe0584. [PMID: 35714201 PMCID: PMC9327500 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As the outermost barrier tissue of the body, the skin harbors a large number of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help maintain local homeostasis in the face of changing environments. How skin-resident ILCs are regulated and function in local homeostatic maintenance is poorly understood. We here report the discovery of a cold-sensing neuron-initiated pathway that activates skin group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) to help maintain thermal homeostasis. In stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) knockout mice whose skin is defective in heat maintenance, chronic cold stress induced excessive activation of CCR10-CD81+ST2+ skin ILC2s and associated inflammation. Mechanistically, stimulation of the cold-sensing receptor TRPM8 expressed in sensory neurons of the skin led to increased production of IL-18, which, in turn, activated skin ILC2s to promote thermogenesis. Our findings reveal a neuroimmune link that regulates activation of skin ILC2s to support thermal homeostasis and promotes skin inflammation after hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre
for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA,Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China
Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre
for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Amy Ye
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre
for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of
Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lai Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, University
of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio,
TX 78229
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts
Medical School, Albert Sherman Center Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of
Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA,Department of Medicine-Division of Dermatology and
Cutaneous Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San
Antonio, TX 78229, USA,Correspondence to N.X.
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8
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Calvi M, Di Vito C, Frigo A, Trabanelli S, Jandus C, Mavilio D. Development of Human ILCs and Impact of Unconventional Cytotoxic Subsets in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914266. [PMID: 35720280 PMCID: PMC9204637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were firstly described by different independent laboratories in 2008 as tissue-resident innate lymphocytes mirroring the phenotype and function of T helper cells. ILCs have been subdivided into three distinct subgroups, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, according to their cytokine and transcriptional profiles. Subsequently, also Natural Killer (NK) cells, that are considered the innate counterpart of cytotoxic CD8 T cells, were attributed to ILC1 subfamily, while lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells were attributed to ILC3 subgroup. Starting from their discovery, significant advances have been made in our understanding of ILC impact in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, in the protection against pathogens and in tumor immune-surveillance. However, there is still much to learn about ILC ontogenesis especially in humans. In this regard, NK cell developmental intermediates which have been well studied and characterized prior to the discovery of helper ILCs, have been used to shape a model of ILC ontogenesis. Herein, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge about NK cells and helper ILC ontogenesis in humans. We will also focus on the newly disclosed circulating ILC subsets with killing properties, namely unconventional CD56dim NK cells and cytotoxic helper ILCs, by discussing their possible role in ILC ontogenesis and their contribution in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Calvi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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9
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Wu L, Zhao W, Tang S, Chen R, Ji M, Yang X. Role of ILC2s in Solid Tumors: Facilitate or Inhibit? Front Immunol 2022; 13:886045. [PMID: 35720302 PMCID: PMC9203687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important mediators of type 2 immunity and play an important role in allergic diseases, helminth infections, and tissue fibrosis. However, the role of ILC2s in tumor immunity requires further elucidation. Studies over the past decade have reported that ILC2s play a promoting or suppressing role in different tumors. Here we reviewed the role of ILC2s in solid tumors demonstrating that ILC2s act as a crucial regulator in tumor immunity. We proposed that ILC2s could be an important predictor for tumor prognosis and a new therapeutic target after immunotherapy resistance. In conclusion, our study shed new light on modifying and targeting ILC2s for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mei Ji
- *Correspondence: Mei Ji, ; Xin Yang,
| | - Xin Yang
- *Correspondence: Mei Ji, ; Xin Yang,
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10
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Olguín-Martínez E, Muñoz-Paleta O, Ruiz-Medina BE, Ramos-Balderas JL, Licona-Limón I, Licona-Limón P. IL-33 and the PKA Pathway Regulate ILC2 Populations Expressing IL-9 and ST2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:787713. [PMID: 35711429 PMCID: PMC9197159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.787713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident immune cells activated by epithelial-derived alarmins upon tissue damage. They regulate immunity against helminth parasites and allergies by expressing type 2 immune response cytokines including IL-9, known to be critical for inducing and potentiating the immune response in such context. Although ILC2s are reported to be the main source of IL-9 in mice during N. brasiliensis infection, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of IL-9 in these cells are yet to be described. Recent studies have shown that in addition to cytokines, multiple molecules can differentially modulate the functions of ILC2s in various contexts both in vitro and in vivo. Among these stimuli are lipid mediators and neuropeptides, which activate the PKA pathway and have been associated with the regulation of type 2 immune cytokines. In this work we found that ILC2s in mice infected with N. brasiliensis can be classified into different groups based on the expression of IL-9 and ST2. These distinct populations were distributed in the lung and the small intestine. Through the development of an in vitro culture system, we sought to determine the stimuli that regulate the expression of these markers in ILC2s. We identified the alarmin IL-33 as being a key player for increased IL-9 expression. Additionally, we found the PKA pathway to be a dual regulator of ILC2 cells, working synergistically with IL-33 to enhance IL-9 production and capable of modulating proliferation and the expression of ILC2 markers. These data provide further evidence of a high heterogeneity between ILC2 subsets in a context dependent manner and calls for careful consideration when choosing the markers to identify these cells in vivo. Distinguishing ILC2 subsets and dissecting their mechanisms of activation is critical for a deeper understanding of the biology of these cells, allowing their manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Olguín-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Muñoz-Paleta
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E. Ruiz-Medina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Ramos-Balderas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Paula Licona-Limón,
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11
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Comprehensive Analysis of the ILCs and Unconventional T Cells in Virus Infection: Profiling and Dynamics Associated with COVID-19 Disease for a Future Monitoring System and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030542. [PMID: 35159352 PMCID: PMC8834012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a comprehensive analysis of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). COVID-19 affected patients show dysregulation of their adaptive immune systems, but many questions remain unsolved on the behavior of Unconventional cells and ILCs during infection, considering their role in maintaining homeostasis in tissue. Therefore, we highlight the differences that exist among the studies in cohorts of patients who in general were categorized considering symptoms and hospitalization. Moreover, we make a critical analysis of the presence of particular clusters of cells that express activation and exhausted markers for each group in order to bring out potential diagnostic factors unconsidered before now. We also focus our attention on studies that take into consideration recovered patients. Indeed, it could be useful to determine Unconventional T cells’ and ILCs’ frequencies and functions in longitudinal studies because it could represent a way to monitor the immune status of SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Possible changes in cell frequencies or activation profiles could be potentially useful as prognostic biomarkers and for future therapy. Currently, there are no efficacious therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but deep studies on involvement of Unconventional T cells and ILCs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 could be promising for targeted therapies.
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12
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Li Z, Roy S, Ranasinghe C. Evaluation of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Dendritic Cells Following Viral Vector Vaccination. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2465:137-153. [PMID: 35118620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2168-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that fate of a vaccine is determined by the cytokine milieu in the innate immune compartment at the early stage of vaccination. Specifically, 24 h post-delivery, level of innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2)-derived IL-13/IL-13Rα2 are the master regulators of DC and also different ILC subsets responsible for modulating the downstream immune outcomes. Here, we provide step-by-step details how to assess different ILC and DC subsets in lung and muscle following intranasal and intramuscular viral vector vaccination, respectively, using multi-color flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Li
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sreeja Roy
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-Oncology , Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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13
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Sugahara T, Tanaka Y, Hamaguchi M, Fujii M, Shimura K, Ogawa K, Mori T, Kusuki I, Fukui M, Kitawaki J. Reduced innate lymphoid cells in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 87:e13502. [PMID: 34592011 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a recently discovered family of innate immune cells, are responsible for the early immune response, and control both innate and adapted immune system via cytokine secretion. The role of ILCs in endometriosis has not been investigated; therefore, here, we aimed to investigate how the proportion of ILCs changes in endometriosis. METHOD OF STUDY The percentage of each ILC group in CD45+ cells was examined in the peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, endometrium, and ovarian endometrioma obtained from women with and without endometriosis (ERB-C-1216) using flow cytometry. RESULTS Specimens were obtained from 19 women with endometriosis and 15 without endometriosis. In the endometrium, patients with endometriosis had lower proportion of ILC2 and 3 compared to control specimens (ILC2: .02±.01% vs .07±.03%; P < .05, ILC3: .31±.14% vs 1.10±.93%; P < .05). There was no significant change in the peripheral blood or the peritoneal fluid between the two groups. Additionally, ovarian endometrioma increased the proportion of ILCs (ILC1: .92±1.12%, ILC2: .08±.08%, ILC3: .70±.39%) compared to the endometrium samples of patients with endometriosis each with P < .05. Immunohistochemistry of IL-1β and IL-23, which are ILC3-inducing factors, showed no significant change in the H-score of the epithelium of the two groups, but a significant increase was found in ovarian endometrioma. CONCLUSION The proportion of ILC2 and 3 was reduced in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis, and ILCs were increased in ovarian endometrioma. Our findings may indicate a new immunological approach to understand the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sugahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maya Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koki Shimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanae Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Kusuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jo Kitawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Zheng J, Yao L, Zhou Y, Gu X, Wang C, Bao K, Sun Y, Hong M. A novel function of NLRP3 independent of inflammasome as a key transcription factor of IL-33 in epithelial cells of atopic dermatitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:871. [PMID: 34561424 PMCID: PMC8463682 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions. Interleukin (IL)-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, was found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. As a key component of the inflammasome, NLRP3 has been mostly described in myeloid cells that to mediate inflammasome activation conducted proinflammatory cytokine production of the IL-1 family. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as IL-33 processing are highly controversial. Whether NLRP3 can mediate IL-33 expression and secretion independently of the inflammasome in the epithelium of AD has remained unclear. In this article, we found the mRNA expression of Il33 and Nlrp3 were notably increased in the lesional skin of AD patients compared to healthy controls. We then found a significant positive correlation between the expression of Nlrp3 and Il33 in the epithelium of MC903-mediated AD mice model, but no changes were observed for Il36α, Il36γ, Il1β, or Il18 mRNA expression, as well as IL-1β or IL-18 production. Overexpression of NLRP3 in human immortalized epithelial cells increased IL-33 expression, whereas siRNA targeting NLRP3 abolished IL-33 expression. In addition, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation or caspase-1 activity with MCC950 or VX-765 showed no effect on the expression and secretion of IL-33 in AD mice. Unlike myeloid cells, NLRP3 predominantly located in the nucleus of epithelial cells, which could directly bind to Il33 specific-promoters and transactivate it through an interaction with transcription factor IRF4. Furthermore, NLRP3 deficient mice exhibited a significant alleviated epidermis inflammation and decreased mRNA expression and secretion of IL-33 in MC903-mediated AD mice without interfering with TSLP and IL-1β production. Our results demonstrate a novel ability of NLRP3 to function as a crucial transcription factor of IL-33 in epithelium independently of inflammasome that to mediate the pathological process of AD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HaCaT Cells
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Can Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaifan Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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15
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Shen C, Liu C, Zhang Z, Ping Y, Shao J, Tian Y, Yu W, Qin G, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang Y. PD-1 Affects the Immunosuppressive Function of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680055. [PMID: 34194433 PMCID: PMC8237944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an essential role in allergy and parasitic infection. However, the role of ILC2s in human lung cancer remains unclear. Methods ILC2s from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors (HDs) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and NSCLC tumor tissues were analyzed via multicolor flow cytometry. ILC2s or CD14+ cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. qPCR and flow cytometry were performed to assess the gene and protein expression of the indicated molecules. M1-like and M2-like macrophages were induced from CD14+ monocytes in vitro. Results ILC2s were significantly more enriched in PBMCs and tumor tissues from NSCLC patients than in HDs. After screening for the main immune checkpoint molecules, we found that PD-1 was upregulated in ILC2s in NSCLC patients. Functionally, PD-1high ILC2s from tumor tissues expressed higher levels of IL-4 and IL-13 regarding both mRNA and protein levels than PD-1low ILC2s. Furthermore, PD-1high ILC2s robustly boosted M2-like macrophage polarization in vitro, by secreting IL-4 and IL-13, while neutralization of IL-4 and IL-13 by antibodies abrogated M2-like macrophage polarization. Conclusion ILC2s are enriched in NSCLC patients and upregulate PD-1 expression. Upregulation of PD-1 facilitates the immunosuppressive function of ILC2s. PD-1high ILC2s enhance M2-like macrophage polarization by secreting IL-4 and IL-13. PD-1 acts as a positive regulator of the immunosuppressive function of ILC2s in human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Shen
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Shao
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonggui Tian
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Li Z, Roy S, Ranasinghe C. IL-13Rα2 Regulates the IL-13/IFN-γ Balance during Innate Lymphoid Cell and Dendritic Cell Responses to Pox Viral Vector-Based Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:440. [PMID: 34062727 PMCID: PMC8147251 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that manipulation of IL-13 and STAT6 signaling at the vaccination site can lead to different innate lymphoid cell (ILC)/dendritic cell (DC) recruitment, resulting in high avidity/poly-functional T cells and effective antibody differentiation. Here we show that permanent versus transient blockage of IL-13 and STAT6 at the vaccination site can lead to unique ILC-derived IL-13 and IFN-γ profiles, and differential IL-13Rα2, type I and II IL-4 receptor regulation on ILC. Specifically, STAT6-/- BALB/c mice given fowl pox virus (FPV) expressing HIV antigens induced elevated ST2/IL-33R+ ILC2-derived IL-13 and reduced NKp46+/- ILC1/ILC3-derived IFN-γ expression, whilst the opposite (reduced IL-13 and elevated IFN-γ expression) was observed during transient inhibition of STAT6 signaling in wild type BALB/c mice given FPV-HIV-IL-4R antagonist vaccination. Interestingly, disruption/inhibition of STAT6 signaling considerably impacted IL-13Rα2 expression by ST2/IL-33R+ ILC2 and NKp46- ILC1/ILC3, unlike direct IL-13 inhibition. Consistently with our previous findings, this further indicated that inhibition of STAT6 most likely promoted IL-13 regulation via IL-13Rα2. Moreover, the elevated ST2/IL-33R+ IL-13Rα2+ lung ILC2, 24 h post FPV-HIV-IL-4R antagonist vaccination was also suggestive of an autocrine regulation of ILC2-derived IL-13 and IL-13Rα2, under certain conditions. Knowing that IL-13 can modulate IFN-γ expression, the elevated expression of IFN-γR on lung ST2/IL-33R+ ILC2 provoked the notion that there could also be inter-regulation of lung ILC2-derived IL-13 and NKp46- ILC1/ILC3-derived IFN-γ via their respective receptors (IFN-γR and IL-13Rα2) at the lung mucosae early stages of vaccination. Intriguingly, under different IL-13 conditions differential regulation of IL-13/IL-13Rα2 on lung DC was also observed. Collectively these findings further substantiated that IL-13 is the master regulator of, not only DC, but also different ILC subsets at early stages of viral vector vaccination, and responsible for shaping the downstream adaptive immune outcomes. Thus, thoughtful selection of vaccine strategies/adjuvants that can manipulate IL-13Rα2, and STAT6 signaling at the ILC/DC level may prove useful in designing more efficacious vaccines against different/chronic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Li
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sreeja Roy
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.R.)
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208-3479, USA
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.R.)
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17
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Innate Lymphoid Cells Play a Pathogenic Role in Pericarditis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2989-3003.e6. [PMID: 32130902 PMCID: PMC7332109 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We find that cardiac group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are essential for the development of IL-33-induced eosinophilic pericarditis. We show a pathogenic role for ILC2s in cardiac inflammation, in which ILC2s activated by IL-33 drive the development of eosinophilic pericarditis in collaboration with cardiac fibroblasts. ILCs, not T and B cells, are required for the development of pericarditis. ILC2s transferred to the heart of Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice restore their susceptibility to eosinophil infiltration. Moreover, ILC2s direct cardiac fibroblasts to produce eotaxin-1. We also find that eosinophils reside in the mediastinal cavity and that eosinophils transferred to the mediastinal cavity of eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA1 mice following IL-33 treatment migrate to the heart. Thus, the serous cavities may serve as a reservoir of cardiac-infiltrating eosinophils. In humans, patients with pericarditis show higher amounts of ILCs in pericardial fluid than do healthy controls and patients with other cardiac diseases. We demonstrate that ILCs play a critical role in pericarditis.
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18
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Kumar V. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Adaptive Immune Cells Cross-Talk: A Secret Talk Revealed in Immune Homeostasis and Different Inflammatory Conditions. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:217-251. [PMID: 33733998 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1895145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory immune response has evolved to protect the host from different pathogens, allergens, and endogenous death or damage-associated molecular patterns. Both innate and adaptive immune components are crucial in inducing an inflammatory immune response depending on the stimulus type and its duration of exposure or the activation of the primary innate immune response. As the source of inflammation is removed, the aggravated immune response comes to its homeostatic level. However, the failure of the inflammatory immune response to subside to its normal level generates chronic inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly discovered innate immune cells, which are present in abundance at mucosal surfaces, including lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract. Also, they are present in peripheral blood circulation, skin, and lymph nodes. They play a crucial role in generating the pro-inflammatory immune response during diverse conditions. On the other hand, adaptive immune cells, including different types of T and B cells are major players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and cancers. Thus the article is designed to discuss the immunological role of different ILCs and their interaction with adaptive immune cells in maintaining the immune homeostasis, and during inflammatory autoimmune diseases along with other inflammatory conditions (excluding pathogen-induced inflammation), including cancer, graft-versus-host diseases, and human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Impact of a Demyelination-Inducing Central Nervous System Virus on Expression of Demyelination Genes in Type 2 Lymphoid Cells. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01934-20. [PMID: 33208451 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01934-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in central nervous system (CNS) demyelination using a model of CNS demyelination involving recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) that constitutively expresses mouse interleukin 2 (HSV-IL-2). In this investigation, we studied how ILC2s respond to HSV-IL-2 at the cellular level using cytokine and gene expression profiling. ILC2s infected with HSV-IL-2 expressed higher levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IP-10, MIP-2, and RANTES, which include proinflammatory cytokines, than did those infected with parental control virus. In contrast, TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-9, which are typically expressed by ILC2s, were not induced upon HSV-IL-2 infection. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of HSV-IL-2 infected ILC2s showed significant upregulation of over 350 genes and downregulation of 157 genes compared with parental virus-infected ILC2s. Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis indicated that genes related to "mitosis" and "inflammatory response" were among the upregulated genes, suggesting that HSV-IL-2 infection drives the excessive proliferation and atypical inflammatory response of ILC2s. This change in ILC2 activation state could underlie the pathology of demyelinating diseases.IMPORTANCE Innate lymphocytes have plasticity and can change functionality; type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can convert to ILC1 or ILC3 cells or change their activation state to produce IL-17 or IL-10 depending on environmental cues. In this study, we investigated the gene and cytokine profiles of ILC2s, which play a major role in HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination. ILC2s infected with HSV-IL-2 displayed a massive remodeling of cellular state. Additionally, ILC2s infected with HSV-IL-2 differed from those infected with parental HSV in cellular and viral gene expression profiles and in cytokine/chemokine induction, and they displayed enhanced activation and proinflammatory responses. These changes in ILC2 activation state could underlie the pathology of demyelinating diseases. These results also highlight the possible importance of pathogens as environmental cues to modify innate lymphocyte functionalities.
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20
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Gong X, Xia L, Su Z. Friend or foe of innate lymphoid cells in inflammation-associated cardiovascular disease. Immunology 2020; 162:368-376. [PMID: 32967038 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a distinctive population of leucocytes, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) participate in immune-mediated diseases and play crucial roles in tissue remodelling after injury. ILC lineages can be divided into helper ILCs and cytotoxic ILCs. Most helper ILCs are integrated into the fabric of tissues and produce different types of cytokines involving in the pathogenesis of many kinds of cardiovascular disease and form intricate response circuits with adaptive immune cells. However, the specific phenotype and function of helper ILC subsets in cardiovascular diseases are still poorly understood. In this review, we firstly highlight the distribution of helper ILCs in cardiovascular system and further discuss the potential contribution of helper ILCs in inflammation-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Gong
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Xia
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Laboratory Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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21
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Faniyi AA, Wijanarko KJ, Tollitt J, Worthington JJ. Helminth Sensing at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier-A Taste of Things to Come. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1489. [PMID: 32849506 PMCID: PMC7409516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal helminth infection affects more than 1 billion people often in the world's most deprived communities. These parasites are one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases worldwide bringing huge morbidities to the host population. Effective treatments and vaccines for helminths are currently limited, and therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular sensors that the intestinal epithelium utilizes in detecting helminths and how the responding factors produced act as modulators of immunity. Defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable helminth detection and expulsion will be critical in identifying potential therapeutic targets to alleviate disease. However, despite decades of research, we have only recently been able to identify the tuft cell as a key helminth sensor at the epithelial barrier. In this review, we will highlight the key intestinal epithelial chemosensory roles associated with the detection of intestinal helminths, summarizing the recent advances in tuft cell initiation of protective type 2 immunity. We will discuss other potential sensory roles of epithelial subsets and introduce enteroendocrine cells as potential key sensors of the microbial alterations that a helminth infection produces, which, given their direct communication to the nervous system via the recently described neuropod, have the potential to transfer the epithelial immune interface systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aduragbemi A Faniyi
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Wijanarko
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - James Tollitt
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - John J Worthington
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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22
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Schulz-Kuhnt A, Wirtz S, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Regulation of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Context of Mucosal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1062. [PMID: 32655549 PMCID: PMC7324478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their identification as a unique cell population, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have revolutionized our understanding of immune responses, leaving their impact on multiple inflammatory and fibrotic pathologies without doubt. Thus, a tightly controlled regulation of local ILC numbers and their activity is of crucial importance. Even though this has been extensively studied in murine ILCs in the last few years, our knowledge of human ILCs is still lagging behind. Our review article will therefore summarize recent insights into the function of human ILCs and will particularly focus on their regulation under inflammatory conditions. The quality and intensity of ILC involvement into local immune responses at mucosal sites of the human body can potentially be modulated via three different axes: (1) activation of tissue-resident mature ILCs, (2) plasticity and local transdifferentiation of specific ILC subsets, and (3) tissue migration and accumulation of peripheral ILCs. Despite a still ongoing scientific effort in this field, already existing data on the fate of human ILCs under different pathologic conditions clearly indicate that all three of these mechanisms are of relevance for the clinical course of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and might likewise provide new target structures for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Kumar V. Innate lymphoid cell and adaptive immune cell cross-talk: A talk meant not to forget. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:397-417. [PMID: 32557732 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mir0420-500rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a relatively new class of innate immune cells with phenotypical characters of lymphocytes but genotypically or functionally behave as typical innate immune cells. They have been classically divided into 3 groups (group 1 ILCs or ILC1s, group 2 ILCs or ILC2s, and group 3 ILCs or ILC3s). They serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens and allergens at mucosal surfaces. The adaptive immune response works effectively in association with innate immunity as innate immune cells serve as APCs to directly stimulate the adaptive immune cells (various sets of T and B cells). Additionally, innate immune cells also secrete various effector molecules, including cytokines or chemokines impacting the function, differentiation, proliferation, and reprogramming among adaptive immune cells to maintain immune homeostasis. Only superantigens do not require their processing by innate immune cells as they are recognized directly by T cells and B cells. Thus, a major emphasis of the current article is to describe the cross-talk between different ILCs and adaptive immune cells during different conditions varying from normal physiological situations to different infectious diseases to allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Khan S, Chan YT, Revelo XS, Winer DA. The Immune Landscape of Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32499756 PMCID: PMC7243349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging represent major health burdens to the global adult population. Both conditions promote the development of associated metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a site that becomes dysfunctional during obesity and aging, and plays a significant role during their pathophysiology. The changes in obese and aging VAT are now recognized to be partly driven by a chronic local inflammatory state, characterized by immune cells that typically adopt an inflammatory phenotype during metabolic disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the immune cell landscape of the VAT during lean, obese, and aged conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also briefly discuss possible linked mechanisms that fuel obesity- and age-associated VAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xavier S. Revelo
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel A. Winer
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25
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Li J, Shi W, Sun H, Ji Y, Chen Y, Guo X, Sheng H, Shu J, Zhou L, Cai T, Qiu J. Activation of DR3 signaling causes loss of ILC3s and exacerbates intestinal inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3371. [PMID: 31358760 PMCID: PMC6662828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-like ligand 1 A (TL1A) and death receptor 3 (DR3) are a ligand-receptor pair involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate intestinal immunity and highly express DR3. Here, we report that activation of DR3 signaling by an agonistic anti-DR3 antibody increases GM-CSF production from ILC3s through the p38 MAPK pathway. GM-CSF causes accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils and CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells, resulting in loss of ILC3s from the intestine in an IL-23-dependent manner and exacerbating colitis. Blockade of GM-CSF or IL-23 reverses anti-DR3 antibody-driven ILC3 loss, whereas overexpression of IL-23 induces loss of ILC3s in the absence of GM-CSF. Neutralization of TL1A by soluble DR3 ameliorates both DSS and anti-CD40 antibody-induced colitis. Moreover, ILC3s are required for the deleterious effect of anti-DR3 antibodies on innate colitis. These findings clarify the process and consequences of DR3 signaling-induced intestinal inflammation through regulation of ILC3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yan Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jie Shu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ting Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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26
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Stabile H, Scarno G, Fionda C, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Gadina M, Sciumè G. JAK/STAT signaling in regulation of innate lymphoid cells: The gods before the guardians. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:148-159. [PMID: 30294965 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to pathogens is ensured through integration of early responses mediated by innate cells and late effector functions taking place after terminal differentiation of adaptive lymphocytes. In this context, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive T cells represent a clear example of how prototypical effector functions, including polarized expression of cytokines and/or cytotoxic activity, can occur with overlapping modalities but different timing. The ability of ILCs to provide early protection relies on their poised epigenetic state, which determines their propensity to quickly respond to cytokines and to activate specific patterns of signal-dependent transcription factors. Cytokines activating the Janus kinases (JAKs) and members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway are key regulators of lymphoid development and sustain the processes underlying T-cell activation and differentiation. The role of the JAK/STAT pathway has been recently extended to several aspects of ILC biology. Here, we discuss how JAK/STAT signals affect ILC development and effector functions in the context of immune responses, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression as well as the potential of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scarno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science Technology (OST), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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27
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Innate lymphoid cells: A potential link between microbiota and immune responses against cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101271. [PMID: 30902413 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays a crucial role in anti-tumor surveillance. Enhancement of T cell responses through checkpoint blockade has become a major therapeutic avenue of intervention for several tumors. Because it shapes immune responses and regulates their amplitude and duration, the microbiota has a substantial impact on anti-tumor immunity. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes devoid of antigen-specific receptors that mirror T helper cells in their ability to secrete cytokines that activate immune responses. Ongoing studies suggest that ILCs contribute to anti-tumor responses. Moreover, since ILCs are present at barrier surfaces, they are stimulated by the microbiota and, reciprocally, influence the composition of the microbiota by regulating the surface barrier microenvironment. Thus, ILC-microbiota cross-talk may in part underpin the effects of the microbiota on anti-tumor responses. In this article, we review current evidence linking ILCs to cancer and discuss the potential impact of ILC-microbiota cross-talk in anti-tumor immune responses.
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28
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Ebihara T, Taniuchi I. Transcription Factors in the Development and Function of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061377. [PMID: 30893794 PMCID: PMC6470746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident cells and are a major source of innate TH2 cytokine secretion upon allergen exposure or parasitic-worm infection. Accumulating studies have revealed that transcription factors, including GATA-3, Bcl11b, Gfi1, RORα, and Ets-1, play a role in ILC2 differentiation. Recent reports have further revealed that the characteristics and functions of ILC2 are influenced by the physiological state of the tissues. Specifically, the type of inflammation strongly affects the ILC2 phenotype in tissues. Inhibitory ILC2s, memory-like ILC2s, and ex-ILC2s with ILC1 features acquire their characteristic properties following exposure to their specific inflammatory environment. We have recently reported a new ILC2 population, designated as exhausted-like ILC2s, which emerges after a severe allergic inflammation. Exhausted-like ILC2s are featured with low reactivity and high expression of inhibitory receptors. Therefore, for a more comprehensive understanding of ILC2 function and differentiation, we review the recent knowledge of transcriptional regulation of ILC2 differentiation and discuss the roles of the Runx transcription factor in controlling the emergence of exhausted-like ILC2s. The concept of exhausted-like ILC2s sheds a light on a new aspect of ILC2 biology in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ebihara
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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29
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de Kouchkovsky DA, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV. Induction of sterile type 2 inflammation. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:193-194. [PMID: 30783225 PMCID: PMC7081377 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle debris from prosthetic implants has been shown to induce a type 2 inflammatory response through a Burton’s tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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30
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Esvelt MA, Freeman ZT, Pearson AT, Harkema JR, Clines GA, Clines KL, Dyson MC, Hoenerhoff MJ. The Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist Zibotentan Induces Damage to the Nasal Olfactory Epithelium Possibly Mediated in Part through Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:150-164. [PMID: 30595110 PMCID: PMC7357205 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318816295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Zibotentan, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, has been used in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders and neoplasia. Castrated athymic nude mice receiving zibotentan for a preclinical xenograft efficacy study experienced weight loss, gastrointestinal bloat, and the presence of an audible respiratory click. Human side effects have been reported in the nasal cavity, so we hypothesized that the nasal cavity is a target for toxicity in mice receiving zibotentan. Lesions in the nasal cavity predominantly targeted olfactory epithelium in treated mice and were more pronounced in castrated animals. Minimal lesions were present in vehicle control animals, which suggested possible gavage-related reflux injury. The incidence, distribution, and morphology of lesions suggested direct exposure to the nasal mucosa and a possible systemic effect targeting the olfactory epithelium, driven by a type 2 immune response, with group 2 innate lymphoid cell involvement. Severe nasal lesions may have resulted in recurrent upper airway obstruction, leading to aerophagia and associated clinical morbidity. These data show the nasal cavity is a target of zibotentan when given by gavage in athymic nude mice, and such unanticipated and off-target effects could impact interpretation of research results and animal health in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A Esvelt
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Zachary T Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alexander T Pearson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine & Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Endocrinology Section, Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Katrina L Clines
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Melissa C Dyson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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31
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Sciumè G, Fionda C, Stabile H, Gismondi A, Santoni A. Negative regulation of innate lymphoid cell responses in inflammation and cancer. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:28-34. [PMID: 30711614 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system employs an array of effector cells to ensure tissue homeostasis and protection against pathogens. Lymphocytes belonging to both the adaptive and innate branches share several functions, comprising the ability to directly kill stressed or transformed cells, and to provide helper responses through specific production of cytokines. These properties are regulated by distinct sets of soluble molecules, receptors, and intracellular factors, which altogether tune the functional output of effector lymphocytes and their final activation state. In contrast to adaptive T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) do not require antigen receptors and are characterized for their ability to provide rapid immune responses. While the factors underlying functional diversification and the main principles leading to ILC activation have been dissected, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying termination of ILC effector functions is still in its infancy. Herein, we discuss the recent findings describing how ILC responses are turned off in the context of inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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32
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Mukai K, Tsai M, Saito H, Galli SJ. Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:121-150. [PMID: 29431212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products, including diverse cytokines and growth factors. There is strong evidence for important non-redundant roles of mast cells in many types of innate or adaptive immune responses, including making important contributions to immediate and chronic IgE-associated allergic disorders and enhancing host resistance to certain venoms and parasites. However, mast cells have been proposed to influence many other biological processes, including responses to bacteria and virus, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, and cancer. The potential functions of mast cells in many of these settings is thought to reflect their ability to secrete, upon appropriate activation by a range of immune or non-immune stimuli, a broad spectrum of cytokines (including many chemokines) and growth factors, with potential autocrine, paracrine, local, and systemic effects. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating which cytokines and growth factors can be produced by various populations of rodent and human mast cells in response to particular immune or non-immune stimuli, and comment on the proven or potential roles of such mast cell products in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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33
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Tejero JD, Armand NC, Finn CM, Dhume K, Strutt TM, Chai KX, Chen LM, McKinstry KK. Cigarette smoke extract acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance Th1 polarization and reduce memory potential. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:121-129. [PMID: 29935764 PMCID: PMC6092241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although cigarette smoke is known to alter immune responses, whether and how CD4 T cells are affected is not well-described. We aimed to characterize how exposure to cigarette smoke extract impacts CD4 T cell effector generation in vitro under Th1-polarizing conditions. Our results demonstrate that cigarette smoke directly acts on CD4 T cells to impair effector expansion by decreasing division and increasing apoptosis. Furthermore, cigarette smoke enhances Th1-associated cytokine production and increases expression of the transcription factor T-bet, the master regulator of Th1 differentiation. Finally, we show that exposure to cigarette smoke extract during priming impairs the ability of effectors to form memory cells. Our findings thus demonstrate that cigarette smoke simultaneously enhances effector functions but promotes terminal differentiation of CD4 T cell effectors. This study may be relevant to understanding how smoking can both aggravate autoimmune symptoms and reduce vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne D Tejero
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nicole C Armand
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Caroline M Finn
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kunal Dhume
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Karl X Chai
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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34
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Erickson S, Nahmias Z, Rosman IS, Kim BS. Immunomodulating Agents as Antipruritics. Dermatol Clin 2018; 36:325-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Schuijs MJ, Halim TYF. Group 2 innate lymphocytes at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1417:87-103. [PMID: 29492980 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are innate immune cells that respond rapidly to their environment through soluble inflammatory mediators and cell-to-cell interactions. As tissue-resident sentinels, ILC2 help orchestrate localized type 2 immune responses. These ILC2-driven type 2 responses are now recognized in diverse immune processes, different anatomical locations, and homeostatic or pathological settings. ILC2-derived cytokines and cell surface signaling molecules function as key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Conversely, ILC2 are governed by their environment. As such, ILC2 form an important nexus of the immune system and may present an attractive target for immune modulation in disease.
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Martin NM, Griffin DE. Interleukin-10 Modulation of Virus Clearance and Disease in Mice with Alphaviral Encephalomyelitis. J Virol 2018; 92:e01517-17. [PMID: 29263262 PMCID: PMC5827374 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01517-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are an important cause of mosquito-borne outbreaks of arthritis, rash, and encephalomyelitis. Previous studies in mice with a virulent strain (neuroadapted SINV [NSV]) of the alphavirus Sindbis virus (SINV) identified a role for Th17 cells and regulation by interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the pathogenesis of fatal encephalomyelitis (K. A. Kulcsar, V. K. Baxter, I. P. Greene, and D. E. Griffin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:16053-16058, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418966111). To determine the role of virus virulence in generation of immune responses, we analyzed the modulatory effects of IL-10 on disease severity, virus clearance, and the CD4+ T cell response to infection with a recombinant strain of SINV of intermediate virulence (TE12). The absence of IL-10 during TE12 infection led to longer morbidity, more weight loss, higher mortality, and slower viral clearance than in wild-type mice. More severe disease and impaired virus clearance in IL-10-/- mice were associated with more Th1 cells, fewer Th2 cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, regulatory cells, and B cells, and delayed production of antiviral antibody in the central nervous system (CNS) without an effect on Th17 cells. Therefore, IL-10 deficiency led to more severe disease in TE12-infected mice by increasing Th1 cells and by hampering development of the local B cell responses necessary for rapid production of antiviral antibody and virus clearance from the CNS. In addition, the shift from Th17 to Th1 responses with decreased virus virulence indicates that the effects of IL-10 deficiency on immunopathologic responses in the CNS during alphavirus infection are influenced by virus strain.IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses cause mosquito-borne outbreaks of encephalomyelitis, but determinants of outcome are incompletely understood. We analyzed the effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on disease severity and virus clearance after infection with an alphavirus strain of intermediate virulence. The absence of IL-10 led to longer illness, more weight loss, more death, and slower viral clearance than in mice that produced IL-10. IL-10 influenced development of disease-causing T cells and entry into the brain of B cells producing antiviral antibody. The Th1 pathogenic cell subtype that developed in IL-10-deficient mice infected with a less virulent virus was distinct from the Th17 subtype that developed in response to a more virulent virus, indicating a role for virus strain in determining the immune response. Slow production of antibody in the nervous system led to delayed virus clearance. Therefore, both the virus strain and the host response to infection are important determinants of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Martin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Travers J, Rochman M, Caldwell JM, Besse JA, Miracle CE, Rothenberg ME. IL-33 is induced in undifferentiated, non-dividing esophageal epithelial cells in eosinophilic esophagitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17563. [PMID: 29242581 PMCID: PMC5730585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an emerging tissue-specific allergic disease, involves dysregulated gene expression in esophageal epithelial cells. Herein, we assessed the esophageal expression of IL-33, an epithelium-derived alarmin cytokine, in patients with EoE. IL-33 protein was markedly overexpressed within the nuclei of a subpopulation of basal layer esophageal epithelial cells in patients with active EoE compared to control individuals. IL-33 exhibited dynamic expression as levels normalized upon EoE remission. IL-33–positive basal epithelial cells expressed E-cadherin and the undifferentiated epithelial cell markers keratin 5 and 14 but not the differentiation marker keratin 4. Moreover, the IL-33–positive epithelial cells expressed the epithelial progenitor markers p75 and p63 and lacked the proliferation markers Ki67 and phospho-histone H3. Additionally, the IL-33–positive cells had low expression of PCNA. IL-33 expression was detected in ex vivo–cultured primary esophageal epithelial cells in a subpopulation of cells lacking expression of proliferation markers. Collectively, we report that IL-33 expression is induced in an undifferentiated, non-dividing esophageal epithelial cell population in patients with active EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Travers
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, USA
| | - M Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, USA
| | - J M Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, USA
| | - J A Besse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, USA
| | - C E Miracle
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, USA
| | - M E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039, USA.
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Lim AI, Li Y, Lopez-Lastra S, Stadhouders R, Paul F, Casrouge A, Serafini N, Puel A, Bustamante J, Surace L, Masse-Ranson G, David E, Strick-Marchand H, Le Bourhis L, Cocchi R, Topazio D, Graziano P, Muscarella LA, Rogge L, Norel X, Sallenave JM, Allez M, Graf T, Hendriks RW, Casanova JL, Amit I, Yssel H, Di Santo JP. Systemic Human ILC Precursors Provide a Substrate for Tissue ILC Differentiation. Cell 2017; 168:1086-1100.e10. [PMID: 28283063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent innate versions of T helper and cytotoxic T cells that differentiate from committed ILC precursors (ILCPs). How ILCPs give rise to mature tissue-resident ILCs remains unclear. Here, we identify circulating and tissue ILCPs in humans that fail to express the transcription factors and cytokine outputs of mature ILCs but have these signature loci in an epigenetically poised configuration. Human ILCPs robustly generate all ILC subsets in vitro and in vivo. While human ILCPs express low levels of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor C (RORC) transcripts, these cells are found in RORC-deficient patients and retain potential for EOMES+ natural killer (NK) cells, interferon gamma-positive (IFN-γ+) ILC1s, interleukin (IL)-13+ ILC2s, and for IL-22+, but not for IL-17A+ ILC3s. Our results support a model of tissue ILC differentiation ("ILC-poiesis"), whereby diverse ILC subsets are generated in situ from systemically distributed ILCPs in response to local environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ing Lim
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Yan Li
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Silvia Lopez-Lastra
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Paul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Surace
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helene Strick-Marchand
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Le Bourhis
- Inserm U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Cocchi
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Topazio
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lars Rogge
- Immunoregulation Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), CHU X. Bichat, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France; Inserm U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Inserm U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Graf
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hans Yssel
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.
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Oczypok EA, Perkins TN, Oury TD. All the "RAGE" in lung disease: The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a major mediator of pulmonary inflammatory responses. Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 23:40-49. [PMID: 28416135 PMCID: PMC5509466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a pro-inflammatory pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. It was discovered in 1992 on endothelial cells and was named for its ability to bind advanced glycation endproducts and promote vascular inflammation in the vessels of patients with diabetes. Further studies revealed that RAGE is most highly expressed in lung tissue and spurred numerous explorations into RAGE's role in the lung. These studies have found that RAGE is an important mediator in allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. RAGE has not yet been targeted in the lungs of paediatric or adult clinical populations, but the development of new ways to inhibit RAGE is setting the stage for the emergence of novel therapeutic agents for patients suffering from these pulmonary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim D. Oury
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 412 648 9659; Fax: +1 412 648 9527
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Stremska ME, Jose S, Sabapathy V, Huang L, Bajwa A, Kinsey GR, Sharma PR, Mohammad S, Rosin DL, Okusa MD, Sharma R. IL233, A Novel IL-2 and IL-33 Hybrid Cytokine, Ameliorates Renal Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2681-2693. [PMID: 28539382 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect the kidney during AKI. We previously found that IL-2, which is critical for Treg homeostasis, upregulates the IL-33 receptor (ST2) on CD4+ T cells, thus we hypothesized that IL-2 and IL-33 cooperate to enhance Treg function. We found that a major subset of Tregs in mice express ST2, and coinjection of IL-2 and IL-33 increased the number of Tregs in lymphoid organs and protected mice from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) more efficiently than either cytokine alone. Accordingly, we generated a novel hybrid cytokine (IL233) bearing the activities of IL-2 and IL-33 for efficient targeting to Tregs. IL233 treatment increased the number of Tregs in blood and spleen and prevented IRI more efficiently than a mixture of IL-2 and IL-33. Injection of IL233 also increased the numbers of Tregs in renal compartments. Moreover, IL233-treated mice had fewer splenic Tregs and more Tregs in kidneys after IRI. In vitro, splenic Tregs from IL233-treated mice suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation better than Tregs from saline-treated controls. IL233 treatment also improved the ability of isolated Tregs to inhibit IRI in adoptive transfer experiments and protected mice from cisplatin- and doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxic injury. Finally, treatment with IL233 increased the proportion of ST2-bearing innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in blood and kidneys, and adoptive transfer of ILC2 also protected mice from IRI. Thus, the novel IL233 hybrid cytokine, which utilizes the cooperation of IL-2 and IL-33 to enhance Treg- and ILC2-mediated protection from AKI, bears strong therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Stremska
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Departments of Pharmacology.,Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Sheethal Jose
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gilbert R Kinsey
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Poonam R Sharma
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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41
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Vogel P, Janke L, Gravano DM, Lu M, Sawant DV, Bush D, Shuyu E, Vignali DAA, Pillai A, Rehg JE. Globule Leukocytes and Other Mast Cells in the Mouse Intestine. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:76-97. [PMID: 28494703 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817705174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Only 2 major mast cell (MC) subtypes are commonly recognized in the mouse: the large connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) and the mucosal mast cells (MMCs). Interepithelial mucosal inflammatory cells, most commonly identified as globule leukocytes (GLs), represent a third MC subtype in mice, which we term interepithelial mucosal mast cells (ieMMCs). This term clearly distinguishes ieMMCs from lamina proprial MMCs (lpMMCs) while clearly communicating their common MC lineage. Both lpMMCs and ieMMCs are rare in normal mouse intestinal mucosa, but increased numbers of ieMMCs are seen as part of type 2 immune responses to intestinal helminth infections and in food allergies. Interestingly, we found that increased ieMMCs were consistently associated with decreased mucosal inflammation and damage, suggesting that they might have a role in controlling helminth-induced immunopathology. We also found that ieMMC hyperplasia can develop in the absence of helminth infections, for example, in Treg-deficient mice, Arf null mice, some nude mice, and certain graft-vs-host responses. Since tuft cell hyperplasia plays a critical role in type 2 immune responses to intestinal helminths, we looked for (but did not find) any direct relationship between ieMMC and tuft cell numbers in the intestinal mucosa. Much remains to be learned about the differing functions of ieMMCs and lpMMCs in the intestinal mucosa, but an essential step in deciphering their roles in mucosal immune responses will be to apply immunohistochemistry methods to consistently and accurately identify them in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vogel
- 1 Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- 1 Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Meifen Lu
- 1 Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deepali V Sawant
- 3 Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dorothy Bush
- 1 Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Shuyu
- 4 University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- 3 Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Asha Pillai
- 4 University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- 1 Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Chen B, Qu S, Li M, Ye L, Zhang S, Qin T, Fan H. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in an ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:182-189. [PMID: 28412624 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-17-producing Th17 cells play an important role in allergic airway diseases, but their local expression and regulation in allergic rhinitis (AR) is not well understood. This study investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on T-bet expression, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells and IL-33-positive epithelial cells in AR. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and 1,25-(OH)2D3 was intraperitoneally injected into AR mice. Cytokine levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, phenotypic analysis of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in the spleen was completed with flow cytometry, and the CD4+IL-17+ cells in the Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and IL-33-positive cells in nasal mucosa was evaluated with immunofluorescence microscopy. AR mice shown significantly increased Th2 and Th17 cell ratio in spleen, IL-17 level in serum, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in NALF but a lower number of IL-33-positive epithelial cells and Th1 response (Th1 and Tbet+Th1 cell ratio in the spleen and serum IFN-γ level) than the control mice.1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment significantly decreased the number of sneezing, nasal rubbing, OVA-sIgE and IL-17 in serum, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in NALF, Th17 cell ratio in the spleen and the histological of nasal mucosal but increased the number of IL-33-positive epithelial cells in AR mice. However, 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment did not significantly influence IFN-γ level in serum, and Th1, Tbet+Th1 and Th2 cell ratio in spleen. Thus, 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert anti-allergic effects by suppressing Th17 responses and local production of IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Linsong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Taijie Qin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
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Feldman S, Kasjanski R, Poposki J, Hernandez D, Chen JN, Norton JE, Suh L, Carter RG, Stevens WW, Peters AT, Kern RC, Conley DB, Tan BK, Shintani-Smith S, Welch KC, Grammer LC, Harris KE, Kato A, Schleimer RP, Hulse KE. Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:457-466. [PMID: 28000955 PMCID: PMC5378644 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. METHODS We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein-Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Feldman
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Richard Kasjanski
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Julie Poposki
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David Hernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason N. Chen
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - James E. Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lydia Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Roderick G. Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Whitney W. Stevens
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Anju T. Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Robert C. Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David B. Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce K. Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephani Shintani-Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C. Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leslie C. Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kathleen E. Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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44
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Karta MR, Rosenthal PS, Beppu A, Vuong CY, Miller M, Das S, Kurten RC, Doherty TA, Broide DH. β 2 integrins rather than β 1 integrins mediate Alternaria-induced group 2 innate lymphoid cell trafficking to the lung. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:329-338.e12. [PMID: 28366795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expand in the lungs of mice during type 2 inflammation induced by the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata. The increase in ILC2 numbers in the lung has been largely attributed to local proliferation and whether ILC2s migrate from the circulation to the lung after Alternaria exposure is unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined whether human (lung, lymph node, and blood) and mouse lung ILC2s express β1 and β2 integrin adhesion molecules and whether these integrins are required for trafficking of ILC2s into the lungs of mice. METHODS Human and mouse ILC2s were assessed for surface expression of β1 and β2 integrin adhesion molecules by using flow cytometry. The role of β1 and β2 integrins in ILC2 trafficking to the lungs was assessed by in vivo blocking of these integrins before airway exposure to Alternaria in mice. RESULTS Both human and mouse lung ILC2s express high levels of β1 and β2 integrin adhesion receptors. Intranasal administration of Alternaria challenge reduced ILC2 numbers in the bone marrow and concurrently increased blood and lung ILC2 numbers. In vivo blocking of β2 integrins (CD18) significantly reduced ILC2 numbers in the lungs but did not alter ILC2 proliferation, apoptosis, and function. In contrast, in vivo blocking of β1 integrins or α4 integrins did not affect lung ILC2 numbers. CONCLUSION ILC2 numbers increase in the mouse lung not only through local proliferation but also through trafficking from the circulation into the lung using β2 rather than β1 or α4 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R Karta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Peter S Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Christine Y Vuong
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Richard C Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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45
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Scoville SD, Freud AG, Caligiuri MA. Modeling Human Natural Killer Cell Development in the Era of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:360. [PMID: 28396671 PMCID: PMC5366880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades after the discovery of natural killer (NK) cells, their developmental pathways in mice and humans have not yet been completely deciphered. Accumulating evidence indicates that NK cells can develop in multiple tissues throughout the body. Moreover, detailed and comprehensive models of NK cell development were proposed soon after the turn of the century. However, with the recent identification and characterization of other subtypes of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which show some overlapping functional and phenotypic features with NK cell developmental intermediates, the distinct stages through which human NK cells develop from early hematopoietic progenitor cells remain unclear. Thus, there is a need to reassess and refine older models of NK cell development in the context of new data and in the era of ILCs. Our group has focused on elucidating the developmental pathway of human NK cells in secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs), including tonsils and lymph nodes. Here, we provide an update of recent progress that has been made with regard to human NK cell development in SLTs, and we discuss these new findings in the context of contemporary models of ILC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Scoville
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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46
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de Kouchkovsky DA, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV. Negative Regulation of Type 2 Immunity. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:154-167. [PMID: 28082101 PMCID: PMC5510550 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity encompasses the mechanisms through which the immune system responds to helminths and an array of environmental substances such as allergens. In the developing world, billions of individuals are chronically infected with endemic parasitic helminths. In comparison, in the industrialized world, millions of individuals suffer from dysregulated type 2 immunity, referred to clinically as atopic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Thus, type 2 immunity must be carefully regulated to mount protective host responses yet avoid inappropriate activation and immunopathology. In this review, we describe the key players and connections at play in type 2 responses and focus on the emerging mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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47
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The RNA Binding Protein Mex-3B Is Required for IL-33 Induction in the Development of Allergic Airway Inflammation. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2456-71. [PMID: 27545879 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is one of the primary features of allergic asthma. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is recognized as a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates allergic airway inflammation, and its expression is elevated in this condition, but little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying IL-33 induction. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein Mex-3B plays a critical role in the induction of IL-33 in the development of allergic airway inflammation. We generated Mex3b(-/-) mice and found that they develop significantly less airway inflammation than wild-type mice due to reduced induction of IL-33. Furthermore, we show that Mex-3B directly upregulates IL-33 expression by inhibiting miR-487b-3p-mediated repression of IL-33. Moreover, we show that inhalation of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting Mex-3B suppresses allergic airway inflammation. Our data identify a signaling pathway that post-transcriptionally regulates IL-33 expression and suggest that Mex-3B could be a promising molecular target for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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48
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Tuft Cells: A New Flavor in Innate Epithelial Immunity. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:583-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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49
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Hulse KE. Separating sensitization and regulatory T-cell functions in patients with food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:812-813. [PMID: 27464959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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50
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Scoville SD, Mundy-Bosse BL, Zhang MH, Chen L, Zhang X, Keller KA, Hughes T, Chen L, Cheng S, Bergin SM, Mao HC, McClory S, Yu J, Carson WE, Caligiuri MA, Freud AG. A Progenitor Cell Expressing Transcription Factor RORγt Generates All Human Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets. Immunity 2016; 44:1140-50. [PMID: 27178467 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current model of murine innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development holds that mouse ILCs are derived downstream of the common lymphoid progenitor through lineage-restricted progenitors. However, corresponding lineage-restricted progenitors in humans have yet to be discovered. Here we identified a progenitor population in human secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs) that expressed the transcription factor RORγt and was unique in its ability to generate all known ILC subsets, including natural killer (NK) cells, but not other leukocyte populations. In contrast to murine fate-mapping data, which indicate that only ILC3s express Rorγt, these human progenitor cells as well as human peripheral blood NK cells and all mature ILC populations expressed RORγt. Thus, all human ILCs can be generated through an RORγt(+) developmental pathway from a common progenitor in SLTs. These findings help establish the developmental signals and pathways involved in human ILC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Scoville
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael H Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karen A Keller
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luxi Chen
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephen M Bergin
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hsiaoyin C Mao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susan McClory
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William E Carson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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