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Pimm ML, Haarer BK, Nobles AD, Haney LM, Marcin AG, Alcaide Eligio M, Henty-Ridilla JL. Coordination of actin plus-end dynamics by IQGAP1, formin, and capping protein. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305065. [PMID: 38787349 PMCID: PMC11117073 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell processes require precise regulation of actin polymerization that is mediated by plus-end regulatory proteins. Detailed mechanisms that explain plus-end dynamics involve regulators with opposing roles, including factors that enhance assembly, e.g., the formin mDia1, and others that stop growth (capping protein, CP). We explore IQGAP1's roles in regulating actin filament plus-ends and the consequences of perturbing its activity in cells. We confirm that IQGAP1 pauses elongation and interacts with plus ends through two residues (C756 and C781). We directly visualize the dynamic interplay between IQGAP1 and mDia1, revealing that IQGAP1 displaces the formin to influence actin assembly. Using four-color TIRF, we show that IQGAP1's displacement activity extends to formin-CP "decision complexes," promoting end-binding protein turnover at plus-ends. Loss of IQGAP1 or its plus-end activities disrupts morphology and migration, emphasizing its essential role. These results reveal a new role for IQGAP1 in promoting protein turnover on filament ends and provide new insights into how plus-end actin assembly is regulated in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Pimm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brian K. Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alexander D. Nobles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Laura M. Haney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra G. Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Alcaide Eligio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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2
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Gallo G. The Axonal Actin Filament Cytoskeleton: Structure, Function, and Relevance to Injury and Degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5646-5664. [PMID: 38216856 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Early investigations of the neuronal actin filament cytoskeleton gave rise to the notion that, although growth cones exhibit high levels of actin filaments, the axon shaft exhibits low levels of actin filaments. With the development of new tools and imaging techniques, the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton has undergone a renaissance and is now an active field of research. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the actin cytoskeleton of the axon shaft. The best understood forms of actin filament organization along axons are axonal actin patches and a submembranous system of rings that endow the axon with protrusive competency and structural integrity, respectively. Additional forms of actin filament organization along the axon have also been described and their roles are being elucidated. Extracellular signals regulate the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton and our understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved is being elaborated. Finally, recent years have seen advances in our perspective on how the axonal actin cytoskeleton is impacted by, and contributes to, axon injury and degeneration. The work to date has opened new venues and future research will undoubtedly continue to provide a richer understanding of the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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3
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang M, Su J, Dong X, Yang Y, Wang H, Li Q. The mammalian actin elongation factor ENAH/MENA contributes to autophagosome formation via its actin regulatory function. Autophagy 2024; 20:1798-1814. [PMID: 38705725 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2347105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic process crucial for degrading cytosolic components and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, enabling cells to survive in extreme extracellular environments. ENAH/MENA, a member of the Ena/VASP protein family, functions as a highly efficient actin elongation factor. In this study, our objective was to explore the role of ENAH in the autophagy process. Initially, we demonstrated that depleting ENAH in cancer cells inhibits autophagosome formation. Subsequently, we observed ENAH's colocalization with MAP1LC3/LC3 during tumor cell starvation, dependent on actin cytoskeleton polymerization and the interaction between ENAH and BECN1 (beclin 1). Additionally, mammalian ATG9A formed a ring-like structure around ENAH-LC3 puncta during starvation, relying on actin cytoskeleton polymerization. Furthermore, ENAH's EVH1 and EVH2 domains were found to be indispensable for its colocalization with LC3 and BECN1, while the PRD domain played a crucial role in the formation of the ATG9A ring. Finally, our study revealed ENAH-led actin comet tails in autophagosome trafficking. In conclusion, our findings provide initial insights into the regulatory role of the mammalian actin elongation factor ENAH in autophagy.Abbreviations: 3-MA 3-methyladenine; ABPs actin-binding proteins; ATG autophagy related; ATG9A autophagy related 9A; Baf A1 bafilomycin A1; CM complete medium; CytERM endoplasmic reticulum signal-anchor membrane protein; Cyto D cytochalasin D; EBSS Earl's balanced salt solution; ENAH/MENA ENAH actin regulator; EVH1 Ena/VASP homology 1 domain; EVH2 Ena/VASP homology 2 domain; GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Lat B latrunculin B; LC3-I unlipidated form of LC3; LC3-II phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of LC3; MAP1LC3/LC3 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; mEGFP monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein; mTagBFP2 monomeric Tag blue fluorescent protein 2; OSER organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum; PRD proline-rich domain; PtdIns3K class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; WM wortmannin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - QingQuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui province, China
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4
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Giménez A, Del Giudice MG, López PV, Guaimas F, Sámano-Sánchez H, Gibson TJ, Chemes LB, Arregui CO, Ugalde JE, Czibener C. Brucella NpeA is a secreted Type IV effector containing an N-WASP-binding short linear motif that promotes niche formation. mBio 2024; 15:e0072624. [PMID: 38847540 PMCID: PMC11253601 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00726-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of actin polymerization is a common theme among microbial pathogens. Even though microorganisms show a wide repertoire of strategies to subvert the activity of actin, most of them converge in the ones that activate nucleating factors, such as the Arp2/3 complex. Brucella spp. are intracellular pathogens capable of establishing chronic infections in their hosts. The ability to subvert the host cell response is dependent on the capacity of the bacterium to attach, invade, avoid degradation in the phagocytic compartment, replicate in an endoplasmic reticulum-derived compartment and egress. Even though a significant number of mechanisms deployed by Brucella in these different phases have been identified and characterized, none of them have been described to target actin as a cellular component. In this manuscript, we describe the identification of a novel virulence factor (NpeA) that promotes niche formation. NpeA harbors a short linear motif (SLiM) present within an amphipathic alpha helix that has been described to bind the GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of N-WASP and stabilizes the autoinhibited state. Our results show that NpeA is secreted in a Type IV secretion system-dependent manner and that deletion of the gene diminishes the intracellular replication capacity of the bacterium. In vitro and ex vivo experiments demonstrate that NpeA binds N-WASP and that the short linear motif is required for the biological activity of the protein.IMPORTANCEThe modulation of actin-binding effectors that regulate the activity of this fundamental cellular protein is a common theme among bacterial pathogens. The neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a protein that several pathogens target to hijack actin dynamics. The highly adapted intracellular bacterium Brucella has evolved a wide repertoire of virulence factors that modulate many activities of the host cell to establish successful intracellular replication niches, but, to date, no effector proteins have been implicated in the modulation of actin dynamics. We present here the identification of a virulence factor that harbors a short linear motif (SLiM) present within an amphipathic alpha helix that has been described to bind the GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of N-WASP stabilizing its autoinhibited state. We demonstrate that this protein is a Type IV secretion effector that targets N-WASP-promoting intracellular survival and niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela G. Del Giudice
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula V. López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Guaimas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Sámano-Sánchez
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J. Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucía B. Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos O. Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E. Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Wang Y, Wu J, Zsolnay V, Pollard TD, Voth GA. Mechanism of phosphate release from actin filaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2408156121. [PMID: 38980907 PMCID: PMC11260136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408156121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
After ATP-actin monomers assemble filaments, the ATP's [Formula: see text]-phosphate is hydrolyzedwithin seconds and dissociates over minutes. We used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to sample the release of phosphate from filaments and study residues that gate release. Dissociation of phosphate from Mg2+ is rate limiting and associated with an energy barrier of 20 kcal/mol, consistent with experimental rates of phosphate release. Phosphate then diffuses within an internal cavity toward a gate formed by R177, as suggested in prior computational studies and cryo-EM structures. The gate is closed when R177 hydrogen bonds with N111 and is open when R177 forms a salt bridge with D179. Most of the time, interactions of R177 with other residues occlude the phosphate release pathway. Machine learning analysis reveals that the occluding interactions fluctuate rapidly, underscoring the secondary role of backdoor gate opening in Pi release, in contrast with the previous hypothesis that gate opening is the primary event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Jiangbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Vilmos Zsolnay
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Thomas D. Pollard
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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6
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Effiong UM, Khairandish H, Ramirez-Velez I, Wang Y, Belardi B. Turn-on protein switches for controlling actin binding in cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5840. [PMID: 38992021 PMCID: PMC11239668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Within a shared cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays numerous and critical roles across the cell body. Cells rely on actin-binding proteins (ABPs) to organize F-actin and to integrate its polymeric characteristics into diverse cellular processes. Yet, the multitude of ABPs that engage with and shape F-actin make studying a single ABP's influence on cellular activities a significant challenge. Moreover, without a means of manipulating actin-binding subcellularly, harnessing the F-actin cytoskeleton for synthetic biology purposes remains elusive. Here, we describe a suite of designed proteins, Controllable Actin-binding Switch Tools (CASTs), whose actin-binding behavior can be controlled with external stimuli. CASTs were developed that respond to different external inputs, providing options for turn-on kinetics and enabling orthogonality and multiplexing. Being genetically encoded, we show that CASTs can be inserted into native protein sequences to control F-actin association locally and engineered into structures to control cell and tissue shape and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unyime M Effiong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hannah Khairandish
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yanran Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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7
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Sakamoto R, Murrell MP. Composite branched and linear F-actin maximize myosin-induced membrane shape changes in a biomimetic cell model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:840. [PMID: 38987288 PMCID: PMC11236970 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the actin cortex determines the generation and transmission of stresses, during key events from cell division to migration. However, its impact on myosin-induced cell shape changes remains unclear. Here, we reconstitute a minimal model of the actomyosin cortex with branched or linear F-actin architecture within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs, liposomes). Upon light activation of myosin, neither the branched nor linear F-actin architecture alone induces significant liposome shape changes. The branched F-actin network forms an integrated, membrane-bound "no-slip boundary" -like cortex that attenuates actomyosin contractility. By contrast, the linear F-actin network forms an unintegrated "slip boundary" -like cortex, where actin asters form without inducing membrane deformations. Notably, liposomes undergo significant deformations at an optimized balance of branched and linear F-actin networks. Our findings highlight the pivotal roles of branched F-actin in force transmission and linear F-actin in force generation to yield membrane shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 10 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 10 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Davis A, Zalavadia A, Khan A, Longworth MS, Ivanov AI. Coactosin-like protein 1 regulates integrity and repair of model intestinal epithelial barriers via actin binding dependent and independent mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1405454. [PMID: 39040043 PMCID: PMC11260685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1405454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton regulates the integrity and repair of epithelial barriers by mediating the assembly of tight junctions (TJs), and adherens junctions (AJs), and driving epithelial wound healing. Actin filaments undergo a constant turnover guided by numerous actin-binding proteins, however, the roles of actin filament dynamics in regulating intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and repair remain poorly understood. Coactosin-like protein 1 (COTL1) is a member of the ADF/cofilin homology domain protein superfamily that binds and stabilizes actin filaments. COTL1 is essential for neuronal and cancer cell migration, however, its functions in epithelia remain unknown. The goal of this study is to investigate the roles of COTL1 in regulating the structure, permeability, and repair of the epithelial barrier in human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). COTL1 was found to be enriched at apical junctions in polarized IEC monolayers in vitro. The knockdown of COTL1 in IEC significantly increased paracellular permeability, impaired the steady state TJ and AJ integrity, and attenuated junctional reassembly in a calcium-switch model. Consistently, downregulation of COTL1 expression in Drosophila melanogaster increased gut permeability. Loss of COTL1 attenuated collective IEC migration and decreased cell-matrix attachment. The observed junctional abnormalities in COTL1-depleted IEC were accompanied by the impaired assembly of the cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton. Overexpression of either wild-type COTL1 or its actin-binding deficient mutant tightened the paracellular barrier and activated junction-associated myosin II. Furthermore, the actin-uncoupled COTL1 mutant inhibited epithelial migration and matrix attachment. These findings highlight COTL1 as a novel regulator of the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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9
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Gao H, Huang X, Chen W, Feng Z, Zhao Z, Li P, Tan C, Wang J, Zhuang Q, Gao Y, Min S, Yao Q, Qian M, Ma X, Wu F, Yan W, Sheng W, Huang G. Association of copy number variation in X chromosome-linked PNPLA4 with heterotaxy and congenital heart disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01132. [PMID: 38973237 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotaxy (HTX) is a thoracoabdominal organ anomaly syndrome and commonly accompanied by congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to analyze rare copy number variations (CNVs) in a HTX/CHD cohort and to examine the potential mechanisms contributing to HTX/CHD. METHODS Chromosome microarray analysis was used to identify rare CNVs in a cohort of 120 unrelated HTX/CHD patients, and available samples from parents were used to confirm the inheritance pattern. Potential candidate genes in CNVs region were prioritized via the DECIPHER database, and PNPLA4 was identified as the leading candidate gene. To validate, we generated PNPLA4-overexpressing human induced pluripotent stem cell lines as well as pnpla4-overexpressing zebrafish model, followed by a series of transcriptomic, biochemical and cellular analyses. RESULTS Seventeen rare CNVs were identified in 15 of the 120 HTX/CHD patients (12.5%). Xp22.31 duplication was one of the inherited CNVs identified in this HTX/CHD cohort, and PNPLA4 in the Xp22.31 was a candidate gene associated with HTX/CHD. PNPLA4 is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm, which is known to be critical for left/right embryonic patterning as well as cardiomyocyte differentiation, and in the neural crest cell lineage. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro analyses at the molecular and cellular levels, we revealed that the biological function of PNPLA4 is importantly involved in the primary cilia formation and function via its regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondria-mediated ATP production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a significant association between CNVs and HTX/CHD. Our data strongly suggested that an increased genetic dose of PNPLA4 due to Xp22.31 duplication is a disease-causing risk factor for HTX/CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xianghui Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhengshan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Ping Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Chaozhong Tan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Quannan Zhuang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shaojie Min
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201102, China
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10
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Li Q, Huang Y, Zhang S, Gong F, Lu G, Lin G, Dai J. Homozygous ACTL9 mutations cause irregular mitochondrial sheath arrangement and abnormal flagellum assembly in spermatozoa and male infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03171-0. [PMID: 38963606 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify novel variants in ACTL9 and new phenotypes responsible for male infertility. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used to test the motility of spermatozoa. The ultrastructure of flagella and the mitochondrial sheath were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunostaining was used to validate the localization and expression of ACTL9 and ACTL7A. An Actl9-mutated mouse model was used to validate the phenotypes by CASA and TEM. RESULTS We identified novel homozygous variants in ACTL9 in two independent Chinese families. Spermatozoa with ACTL9 mutations showed decreased CASA parameters and a higher proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, exhibiting coiled flagella and a thickened midpiece. The spermatozoa were characterized by chaotic or irregular '9+2' structures and irregular mitochondrial sheath arrangements in the flagellum. Actl9 knock-in mice also showed abnormal CASA parameters and irregular '9+2' structures in flagella. CONCLUSIONS Our study expands the mutation spectrum and phenotypic spectrum of ACTL9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yilian Huang
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, 410078, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, 410078, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, 410078, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, 410078, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, 410078, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China.
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11
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Hufft-Martinez BM, Wang HH, Saadi I, Tran PV. Actin cytoskeletal regulation of ciliogenesis in development and disease. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38958410 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like sensory organelles that are evolutionarily conserved in nearly all modern eukaryotes, from the single-celled green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to vertebrates and mammals. Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that have adapted to perform a broad range of species-specific functions, from cell motility to detection of light and the transduction of extracellular mechanical and chemical signals. These functions render cilia essential for organismal development and survival. The high conservation of cilia has allowed for discoveries in C. reinhardtii to inform our understanding of the basic biology of mammalian primary cilia, and to provide insight into the genetic etiology of ciliopathies. Over the last two decades, a growing number of studies has revealed that multiple aspects of ciliary homeostasis are regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, including centrosome migration and positioning, vesicle transport to the basal body, ectocytosis, and ciliary-mediated signaling. Here, we review actin regulation of ciliary homeostasis, and highlight conserved and divergent mechanisms in C. reinhardtii and mammalian cells. Further, we compare the disease manifestations of patients with ciliopathies to those with mutations in actin and actin-associated genes, and propose that primary cilia defects caused by genetic alteration of the actin cytoskeleton may underlie certain birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Hufft-Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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12
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Calderan C, Sorrentino U, Persano L, Trevisson E, Sartori G, Salviati L, Desbats MA. A yeast based assay establishes the pathogenicity of novel missense ACTA2 variants associated with aortic aneurysms. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:804-812. [PMID: 38486025 PMCID: PMC11219741 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The ACTA2 gene codes for alpha-smooth muscle actin, a critical component of the contractile apparatus of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Autosomal dominant variants in the ACTA2 gene have been associated to familial non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD). They are thought to act through a dominant-negative mechanism. These variants display incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, complicating the validation of ACTA2 variants pathogenicity by family segregation studies. In this study, we developed a yeast based assay to test putative TAAD-associated ACTA2 variants. We identified five new heterozygous ACTA2 missense variants in TAAD patients through next generation sequencing. We decided to test their pathogenicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, since yeast actin is very similar to human alpha-smooth muscle actin, and the residues at which the TAAD-associated variants occur in ACTA2 are well conserved. A wild type yeast strain was transformed with a vector expressing the different mutant alleles, to model the heterozygous condition of patients. Then, we evaluated yeast growth by spot test and cytoskeletal and mitochondrial morphology by fluorescence microscopy. We found that mutant yeast strains displayed only mild growth defects but a significant increase in the percentage of cells with abnormal mitochondrial distribution and abnormal organization of the actin cytoskeleton compared to controls. All variants appeared to interfere with the activity of wild type actin in yeast, suggesting a dominant-negative pathogenic mechanism. Our results demonstrate the utility of using the yeast actin model system to validate the pathogenicity of TAAD-associated ACTA2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Pediatric Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Geppo Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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13
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Shi B, Lian Q, Gao H, Wang Y, Ma Q. TaCAP1 Interacts with TaLHCB1s and Positively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Stripe Rust. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1646-1656. [PMID: 38648033 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-23-0342-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Actin filaments and their associated actin-binding proteins play key roles in plant innate immune signaling. CAP1, or cyclase-associated protein 1, is an important regulatory factor of the actin cytoskeleton-associated signaling network and was hypothesized here to be involved in resistance against wheat stripe rust because TaCAP1 expression was upregulated in response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Downregulation of TaCAP1 expression led to decreased resistance against Pst, in contrast to increased resistance upon TaCAP1 overexpressing, as demonstrated by the changes of phenotypes and hyphal growth. We found increased expression of pathogenesis-responsive or relative related genes and disease grade changed in TaCAP1 overexpressing plants. Our results also showed TaCAP1-regulated host resistance to Pst by inducing the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mediating the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, TaCAP1 interacted with chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins TaLHCB1.3 and TaLHCB1.4, also known as the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex II subunit B, which belong to the light-harvesting complex II protein family. Silencing of two TaLHCB1 genes showed higher susceptibility to Pst, which reduced wheat resistance against Pst. Therefore, the data presented herein further illuminate our understanding that TaCAP1 interacts with TaLHCB1s and functions as a positive regulator of wheat resistance against stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Qinggui Lian
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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14
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He X, Brakebusch C. Regulation of Precise DNA Repair by Nuclear Actin Polymerization: A Chance for Improving Gene Therapy? Cells 2024; 13:1093. [PMID: 38994946 PMCID: PMC11240418 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although more difficult to detect than in the cytoplasm, it is now clear that actin polymerization occurs in the nucleus and that it plays a role in the specific processes of the nucleus such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair. A number of studies suggest that nuclear actin polymerization is promoting precise DNA repair by homologous recombination, which could potentially be of help for precise genome editing and gene therapy. This review summarizes the findings and describes the challenges and chances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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15
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Biswas R, Chaudhuri S. AtHMGB15 regulates tapetal apoptosis in pollen development and actin dynamics during pollen germination in arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00505-x. [PMID: 38904831 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE ARID-HMG DNA binding protein, AtHMGB15, regulates pollen development and pollen germination in Arabidopsis. Previous studies have shown that ARID-HMG DNA binding protein, AtHMGB15 regulate pollen development and pollen germination in Arabidopsis. Here, we performed transcriptome and cytological studies to understand the role of AtHMGB15 in regulating pollen wall morphology and the pollen tube germination rate. Our result showed abnormal vacuolization in the tapetal cells during anther maturation and prolonged PCD in AtHMGB15 loss-of-function mutant. The tapetum has the ability to perform both secretory and biosynthetic activities critical for pollen maturation and pollen viability. Interestingly, expression of PCD executer genes CEP1, MC9 and RNS3 were significant down-regulation of in athmgb15-4. The growth of pollen tubes is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. To address the defect in pollen tube growth of athmgb15, we monitored the actin network in growing pollen tubes of wildtype and athmgb15-4 using Rhodamine-phalloidin fluorescence. Our results indicate a highly fragmented actin distribution in athmgb15-4 pollen tubes with a lesser number of long actin fibers and significantly low f-actin concentration at the apex. q-RTPCR further indicates significant downy-regulation of actin regulatory proteins VLN2 and PRF4. Collectively, our results suggest that AtHMGB15 being a nuclear architectural protein orchestrates high-order chromatin organization to promote the transcription of genes responsible for pollen development and pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Shubho Chaudhuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India.
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16
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Mesa D, Barbieri E, Raimondi A, Freddi S, Miloro G, Jendrisek G, Caldieri G, Quarto M, Schiano Lomoriello I, Malabarba MG, Bresci A, Manetti F, Vernuccio F, Abdo H, Scita G, Lanzetti L, Polli D, Tacchetti C, Pinton P, Bonora M, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. A tripartite organelle platform links growth factor receptor signaling to mitochondrial metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5119. [PMID: 38879572 PMCID: PMC11180189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
One open question in the biology of growth factor receptors is how a quantitative input (i.e., ligand concentration) is decoded by the cell to produce specific response(s). Here, we show that an EGFR endocytic mechanism, non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE), which is activated only at high ligand concentrations and targets receptor to degradation, requires a tripartite organelle platform involving the plasma membrane (PM), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. At these contact sites, EGFR-dependent, ER-generated Ca2+ oscillations are sensed by mitochondria, leading to increased metabolism and ATP production. Locally released ATP is required for cortical actin remodeling and EGFR-NCE vesicle fission. The same biochemical circuitry is also needed for an effector function of EGFR, i.e., collective motility. The multiorganelle signaling platform herein described mediates direct communication between EGFR signaling and mitochondrial metabolism, and is predicted to have a broad impact on cell physiology as it is activated by another growth factor receptor, HGFR/MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mesa
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gorana Jendrisek
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Quarto
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Schiano Lomoriello
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Hind Abdo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Wang D, Du M, Lyu P, Li J, Meng H, Liu X, Shi M, Gong Y, Sha Q, Men Q, Li X, Sun Y, Guo S. Functional Characterization of the Soybean Glycine max Actin Depolymerization Factor GmADF13 for Plant Resistance to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1651. [PMID: 38931083 PMCID: PMC11207668 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stress significantly affects plant growth and has devastating effects on crop production. Drought stress is one of the main abiotic stressors. Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton, and actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are conserved actin-binding proteins in eukaryotes that play critical roles in plant responses to various stresses. In this study, we found that GmADF13, an ADF gene from the soybean Glycine max, showed drastic upregulation under drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco epidermal cells and tobacco protoplasts showed that GmADF13 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We characterized its biological function in transgenic Arabidopsis and hairy root composite soybean plants. Arabidopsis plants transformed with GmADF13 displayed a more robust drought tolerance than wild-type plants, including having a higher seed germination rate, longer roots, and healthy leaves under drought conditions. Similarly, GmADF13-overexpressing (OE) soybean plants generated via the Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of the hairy roots showed an improved drought tolerance. Leaves from OE plants showed higher relative water, chlorophyll, and proline contents, had a higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and had decreased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion levels compared to those of control plants. Furthermore, under drought stress, GmADF13 OE activated the transcription of several drought-stress-related genes, such as GmbZIP1, GmDREB1A, GmDREB2, GmWRKY13, and GmANK114. Thus, GmADF13 is a positive regulator of the drought stress response, and it may play an essential role in plant growth under drought stress conditions. These results provide new insights into the functional elucidation of soybean ADFs. They may be helpful for breeding new soybean cultivars with a strong drought tolerance and further understanding how ADFs help plants adapt to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Wang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengxue Du
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Lyu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Jingyu Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiran Meng
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yujie Gong
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Sha
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingmei Men
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongwang Sun
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Shangjing Guo
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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18
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Peng J, Tang R, He J, Yu Q, Wang D, Qi D. S1PR3 inhibition protects against LPS-induced ARDS by inhibiting NF-κB and improving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:535. [PMID: 38840216 PMCID: PMC11151509 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and endothelial barrier dysfunction are the major pathophysiological changes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), a G protein-coupled receptor, has been found to mediate inflammation and endothelial cell (EC) integrity. However, the function of S1PR3 in ARDS has not been fully elucidated. METHODS We used a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS model and an LPS- stimulated ECs model to investigate the role of S1PR3 in anti-inflammatory effects and endothelial barrier protection during ARDS. RESULTS We found that S1PR3 expression was increased in the lung tissues of mice with LPS-induced ARDS. TY-52156, a selective S1PR3 inhibitor, effectively attenuated LPS-induced inflammation by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and restored the endothelial barrier by repairing adherens junctions and reducing vascular leakage. S1PR3 inhibition was achieved by an adeno-associated virus in vivo and a small interfering RNA in vitro. Both the in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of S1PR3 protected against ARDS by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and improving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS S1PR3 inhibition protects against LPS-induced ARDS via suppression of pulmonary inflammation and promotion of the endothelial barrier by inhibiting NF-κB and improving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, indicating that S1PR3 is a potential therapeutic target for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Jiang X, Sun S, Shi C, Liu K, Yang Y, Cao J, Gu J, Liu J. Rsad2 mediates Bisphenol A-induced actin cytoskeletal disruption in mouse spermatocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38828519 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely exposed in populations worldwide and has negative effects on spermatogenesis both in animals and humans. The homeostasis of the actin cytoskeleton in the spermatogenic epithelium is crucial for spermatogenesis. Actin cytoskeleton destruction in the seminiferous epithelium is one of the important reasons for BPA-induced spermatogenesis disorder. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein, we explored the role and mechanism of Rsad2, an interferon-stimulated gene in BPA-induced actin cytoskeleton disorder in mouse GC-2 spermatocyte cell lines. After BPA exposure, the actin cytoskeleton was dramatically disrupted and the cell morphology was markedly altered accompanied by a significant increase in Rsad2 expression both in mRNA and protein levels in GC-2 cells. Furthermore, the phalloidin intensities and cell morphology were restored obviously when interfering with the expression of Rsad2 in BPA-treated GC-2 cells. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in intracellular ATP levels after BPA treatment, while the ATP level was obviously upregulated when knocking down the expression of Rsad2 in BPA-treated cells compared to cells treated with BPA alone. Moreover, Rsad2 relocated to mitochondria after BPA exposure in GC-2 cells. BPA promoted Rsad2 expression by activating type I IFN-signaling in GC-2 cells. In summary, Rsad2 mediated BPA-induced actin cytoskeletal disruption in GC-2 cells, which provided data to reveal the mechanism of BPA-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengqi Sun
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Chaofeng Shi
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kangle Liu
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yurui Yang
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Cao
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Gu
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- State Key Lab of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Guo M, Guo D, Liao L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Chen P, Li R, Han B, Bao G, Zhang B. Ethanolic extract from Sophora moorcroftiana inhibit cell proliferation and alter the mechanical properties of human cervical cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:212. [PMID: 38831394 PMCID: PMC11149180 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Previous studies have shown that the ethanol extract of Sophora moorcroftiana seeds (EESMS) possesses an antiproliferative effect on several tumors in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the impact of EESMS on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell proliferation. METHODS The proliferation and apoptotic effects of HeLa cells treated with EESMS were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Single-cell level atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted to detect the mechanical properties of HeLa cells, and proteomics and bioinformatics methods were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of EESMS. RESULTS EESMS treatment inhibited HeLa cell proliferation by blocking the G0/G1 phase, increasing the expression of Caspase-3 and affecting its mechanical properties, and the EESMS indicated no significant inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblasts L929 cell line. In total, 218 differentially expressed proteins were identified using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and eight differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in various cellular and biological processes. CONCLUSION This study provides a perspective on how cells change through biomechanics and a further theoretical foundation for the future application of Sophora moorcroftiana as a novel low-toxicity chemotherapy medication for treating human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Guo
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Northwest new village No.1, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Dingcheng Guo
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Zhou
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Chengdu Stomatological Hospital, NO. 17, South Section of Chunxi Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610020, PR China
| | - Ruiping Li
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Gansu Province Key Lab of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Intelligent Manufacturing, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Northwest new village No.1, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Guangjie Bao
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Northwest new village No.1, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
- Gansu Province Key Lab of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Intelligent Manufacturing, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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21
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Mokin YI, Povarova OI, Antifeeva IA, Artemov AV, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK, Kuznetsova IM, Fonin AV. Bioinformatics Analysis of Actin Interactome: Characterization of the Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Actin-Binding Proteins. Protein J 2024:10.1007/s10930-024-10207-y. [PMID: 38824467 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Actin is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of every eukaryotic cell. In the cytoplasm, framework and motor functions of actin are associated with its ability to polymerize to form F-actin. In the nucleus, globular actin plays a significant functional role. For a globular protein, actin has a uniquely large number of proteins with which it interacts. Bioinformatics analysis of the actin interactome showed that only a part of actin-binding proteins are both cytoplasmic and nuclear. There are proteins that interact only with cytoplasmic, or only with nuclear actin. The first pool includes proteins associated with the formation, regulation, and functioning of the actin cytoskeleton predominate, while nuclear actin-binding proteins are involved in the majority of key nuclear processes, from regulation of transcription to DNA damage response. Bioinformatics analysis of the structure of actin-binding proteins showed that these are mainly intrinsically disordered proteins, many of which are part of membrane-less organelles. Interestingly, although the number of intrinsically disordered actin-binding proteins in the nucleus is greater than in the cytoplasm, the drivers for the formation of the membrane-less organelles in the cytoplasm are significantly (four times) greater than in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov I Mokin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia A Antifeeva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Artemov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation.
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22
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar80. [PMID: 38598293 PMCID: PMC11238085 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display structural abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | - Corey J. Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | | | - Kenneth G. Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
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23
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Ren L, Wang L, Yi X, Tan Y, Yi L, He J, Li D. Ultrasound Microbubble-Stimulated miR-145-5p Inhibits Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting ACTG1. Ultrasound Q 2024; 40:136-143. [PMID: 38350033 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology combines ultrasound with a variety of functional microbubble vectors to enhance the transfection and expression of target genes, and has become a promising noninvasive method for localized gene transfer, which is widely used in gene therapy for cancer. This research aimed to explore the role of UTMD-mediated miR-145-5p on breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanisms. To achieve UTMD-mediated miR-145-5p overexpression, BC cells were cotransfected with microbubbles (MBs) and miR-145-5p mimics. The BC cell malignant phenotypes were assessed through CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. MiR-145-5p and actin gamma 1 (ACTG1) binding relationship was verified through luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. MiR-145-5p and ACTG1 levels in BC cells and tissues were detected through RT-qPCR and Western blotting. ACTG1 was upregulated, whereas miR-145-5p was downregulated in BC cells and tissues. MiR-145-5p targeted ACTG1 and negatively regulated its level in BC cells. Overexpressing miR-145-5p restrained BC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction improved the overexpression efficiency of miR-145-5p and enhanced the suppressive influence on BC cell malignant phenotypes. In addition, ACTG1 overexpression compromises the repression of UTMD-mediated miR-145-5p on cellular behaviors in BC. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-delivered miR-145-5p hindered malignant behaviors of BC cells through downregulating ACTG1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- Yichang Yiling People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Xuelin Yi
- Yichang Yiling People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Yichang Yiling People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Lingxian Yi
- Yichang Yiling People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jinlan He
- Yichang Yiling People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
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24
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Homa KE, Hocky GM, Suarez C, Kovar DR. Arp2/3 complex- and formin-mediated actin cytoskeleton networks facilitate actin binding protein sorting in fission yeast. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151404. [PMID: 38493594 PMCID: PMC11211059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While it is well-established that F-actin networks with specific organizations and dynamics are tightly regulated by distinct sets of associated actin-binding proteins (ABPs), how ABPs self-sort to particular F-actin networks remains largely unclear. We report that actin assembly factors Arp2/3 complex and formin Cdc12 tune the association of ABPs fimbrin Fim1 and tropomyosin Cdc8 to different F-actin networks in fission yeast. Genetic and pharmacological disruption of F-actin networks revealed that Fim1 is preferentially directed to Arp2/3-complex mediated actin patches, whereas Cdc8 is preferentially targeted to formin Cdc12-mediated filaments in the contractile ring. To investigate the role of Arp2/3 complex- and formin Cdc12-mediated actin assembly, we used four-color TIRF microscopy to observe the in vitro reconstitution of ABP sorting with purified proteins. Fim1 or Cdc8 alone bind similarly well to filaments assembled by either assembly factor. However, in 'competition' reactions containing both actin assembly factors and both ABPs, ∼2.0-fold more Fim1 and ∼3.5-fold more Cdc8 accumulates on Arp2/3 complex branch points and formin Cdc12-assembled actin filaments, respectively. These findings indicate that F-actin assembly factors Arp2/3 complex and formin Cdc12 help facilitate the recruitment of specific ABPs, thereby tuning ABP sorting and subsequently establishing the identity of F-actin networks in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Homa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Glen M Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cristian Suarez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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25
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Sundby LJ, Southern WM, Sun J, Patrinostro X, Zhang W, Yong J, Ervasti JM. Deletion of exons 2 and 3 from Actb and cell immortalization lead to widespread, β-actin independent alterations in gene expression associated with cell cycle control. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151397. [PMID: 38387258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic actin proteins, β- and γ-actin, are 99% identical but thought to perform non-redundant functions. The nucleotide coding regions of cytoplasmic actin genes, Actb and Actg1, are 89% identical. Knockout (KO) of Actb by Cre-mediated deletion of first coding exons 2 and 3 in mice is embryonic lethal and fibroblasts derived from KO embryos (MEFs) fail to proliferate. In contrast, Actg1 KO MEFs display with a much milder defect in cell proliferation and Actg1 KO mice are viable, but present with increased perinatal lethality. Recent studies have identified important protein-independent functions for both Actb and Actg1 and demonstrate that deletions within the Actb nucleotide sequence, and not loss of the β-actin protein, cause the most severe phenotypes in KO mice and cells. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to better understand what drives the phenotypes of Actb KO MEFs. RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry reveal largescale changes to the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome in cells lacking Actb but not those only lacking β-actin protein. Pathway analysis of genes and proteins differentially expressed upon Actb KO suggest widespread dysregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle that may explain the severe defect in proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Sundby
- Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - William M Southern
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Xiaobai Patrinostro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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26
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Ceron RH, Báez-Cruz FA, Palmer NJ, Carman PJ, Boczkowska M, Heuckeroth RO, Ostap EM, Dominguez R. Molecular mechanisms linking missense ACTG2 mutations to visceral myopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6615. [PMID: 38820162 PMCID: PMC11141634 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Visceral myopathy is a life-threatening disease characterized by muscle weakness in the bowel, bladder, and uterus. Mutations in smooth muscle γ-actin (ACTG2) are the most common cause of the disease, but the mechanisms by which the mutations alter muscle function are unknown. Here, we examined four prevalent ACTG2 mutations (R40C, R148C, R178C, and R257C) that cause different disease severity and are spread throughout the actin fold. R178C displayed premature degradation, R148C disrupted interactions with actin-binding proteins, R40C inhibited polymerization, and R257C destabilized filaments. Because these mutations are heterozygous, we also analyzed 50/50 mixtures with wild-type (WT) ACTG2. The WT/R40C mixture impaired filament nucleation by leiomodin 1, and WT/R257C produced filaments that were easily fragmented by smooth muscle myosin. Smooth muscle tropomyosin isoform Tpm1.4 partially rescued the defects of R40C and R257C. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of filaments formed by R40C and R257C revealed disrupted intersubunit contacts. The biochemical and structural properties of the mutants correlate with their genotype-specific disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Ceron
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Faviolla A. Báez-Cruz
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter J. Carman
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Ioannou IA, Brooks NJ, Kuimova MK, Elani Y. Visualizing Actin Packing and the Effects of Actin Attachment on Lipid Membrane Viscosity Using Molecular Rotors. JACS AU 2024; 4:2041-2049. [PMID: 38818078 PMCID: PMC11134356 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton and its elaborate interplay with the plasma membrane participate in and control numerous biological processes in eukaryotic cells. Malfunction of actin networks and changes in their dynamics are related to various diseases, from actin myopathies to uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis. Importantly, the biophysical and mechanical properties of actin and its assemblies are deeply intertwined with the biological functions of the cytoskeleton. Novel tools to study actin and its associated biophysical features are, therefore, of prime importance. Here we develop a new approach which exploits fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and environmentally sensitive fluorophores termed molecular rotors, acting as quantitative microviscosity sensors, to monitor dynamic viscoelastic properties of both actin structures and lipid membranes. In order to reproduce a minimal actin cortex in synthetic cell models, we encapsulated and attached actin networks to the lipid bilayer of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Using a cyanine-based molecular rotor, DiSC2(3), we show that different types of actin bundles are characterized by distinct packing, which can be spatially resolved using FLIM. Similarly, we show that a lipid bilayer-localized molecular rotor can monitor the effects of attaching cross-linked actin networks to the lipid membrane, revealing an increase in membrane viscosity upon actin attachment. Our approach bypasses constraints associated with existing methods for actin imaging, many of which lack the capability for direct visualization of biophysical properties. It can therefore contribute to a deeper understanding of the role that actin plays in fundamental biological processes and help elucidate the underlying biophysics of actin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A. Ioannou
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Nickolas J. Brooks
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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28
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Heissler SM, Chinthalapudi K. Structural and functional mechanisms of actin isoforms. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38779987 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved and fundamental protein in eukaryotes and participates in a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Cells maintain a conserved ratio of actin isoforms, with muscle and non-muscle actins representing the main actin isoforms in muscle and non-muscle cells, respectively. Actin isoforms have specific and redundant functional roles and display different biochemistries, cellular localization, and interactions with myosins and actin-binding proteins. Understanding the specific roles of actin isoforms from the structural and functional perspective is crucial for elucidating the intricacies of cytoskeletal dynamics and regulation and their implications in health and disease. Here, we review how the structure contributes to the functional mechanisms of actin isoforms with a special emphasis on the questions of how post-translational modifications and disease-linked mutations affect actin isoforms biochemistry, function, and interaction with actin-binding proteins and myosin motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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29
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Walker C, Chandrasekaran A, Mansour D, Graham K, Torres A, Wang L, Lafer EM, Rangamani P, Stachowiak JC. Liquid-like condensates that bind actin drive filament polymerization and bundling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.04.592527. [PMID: 38826190 PMCID: PMC11142076 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.04.592527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-like protein condensates perform diverse physiological functions. Previous work showed that VASP, a processive actin polymerase, forms condensates that polymerize and bundle actin. To minimize their curvature, filaments accumulated at the inner condensate surface, ultimately deforming the condensate into a rod-like shape, filled with a bundle of parallel filaments. Here we show that this behavior does not require proteins with specific polymerase activity. Specifically, we found that condensates composed of Lamellipodin, a protein that binds actin but is not an actin polymerase, were also capable of polymerizing and bundling actin filaments. To probe the minimum requirements for condensate-mediated actin bundling, we developed an agent-based computational model. Guided by its predictions, we hypothesized that any condensate-forming protein that binds actin could bundle filaments through multivalent crosslinking. To test this idea, we added an actin-binding motif to Eps15, a condensate-forming protein that does not normally bind actin. The resulting chimera formed condensates that drove efficient actin polymerization and bundling. Collectively, these findings broaden the family of proteins that could organize cytoskeletal filaments to include any actin-binding protein that participates in protein condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Walker
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Aravind Chandrasekaran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Mansour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kristin Graham
- Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Torres
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eileen M. Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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30
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Sasmal S, Pal T, Hocky GM, McCullagh M. Quantifying Unbiased Conformational Ensembles from Biased Simulations Using ShapeGMM. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3492-3502. [PMID: 38662196 PMCID: PMC11104435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying the conformational ensembles of biomolecules is fundamental to describing mechanisms of processes such as protein folding, interconversion between folded states, ligand binding, and allosteric regulation. Accurate quantification of these ensembles remains a challenge for conventional molecular simulations of all but the simplest molecules due to insufficient sampling. Enhanced sampling approaches, such as metadynamics, were designed to overcome this challenge; however, the nonuniform frame weights that result from many of these approaches present an additional challenge to ensemble quantification techniques such as Markov State Modeling or structural clustering. Here, we present rigorous inclusion of nonuniform frame weights into a structural clustering method entitled shapeGMM. The result of frame-weighted shapeGMM is a high dimensional probability density and generative model for the unbiased system from which we can compute important thermodynamic properties such as relative free energies and configurational entropy. The accuracy of this approach is demonstrated by the quantitative agreement between GMMs computed by Hamiltonian reweighting and direct simulation of a coarse-grained helix model system. Furthermore, the relative free energy computed from a shapeGMM probability density of alanine dipeptide reweighted from a metadynamics simulation quantitatively reproduces the underlying free energy in the basins. Finally, the method identifies hidden structures along the actin globular to filamentous-like structural transition from a metadynamics simulation on a linear discriminant analysis coordinate trained on GMM states, illustrating how structural clustering of biased data can lead to biophysical insight. Combined, these results demonstrate that frame-weighted shapeGMM is a powerful approach to quantifying biomolecular ensembles from biased simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, New York
University, New York, New York 10003, United
States
| | - Triasha Pal
- Department of Chemistry, New York
University, New York, New York 10003, United
States
| | - Glen M. Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, New York
University, New York, New York 10003, United
States
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry,
New York University, New York, New York 10003,
United States
| | - Martin McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State
University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United
States
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31
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Mooren OL, McConnell P, DeBrecht JD, Jaysingh A, Cooper JA. Reconstitution of Arp2/3-Nucleated Actin Assembly with CP, V-1 and CARMIL. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593916. [PMID: 38798690 PMCID: PMC11118340 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Actin polymerization is often associated with membrane proteins containing capping-protein-interacting (CPI) motifs, such as CARMIL, CD2AP, and WASHCAP/Fam21. CPI motifs bind directly to actin capping protein (CP), and this interaction weakens the binding of CP to barbed ends of actin filaments, lessening the ability of CP to functionally cap those ends. The protein V-1 / myotrophin binds to the F-actin binding site on CP and sterically blocks CP from binding barbed ends. CPI-motif proteins also weaken the binding between V-1 and CP, which decreases the inhibitory effects of V-1, thereby freeing CP to cap barbed ends. Here, we address the question of whether CPI-motif proteins on a surface analogous to a membrane lead to net activation or inhibition of actin assembly nucleated by Arp2/3 complex. Using reconstitution with purified components, we discovered that CARMIL at the surface promotes and enhances actin assembly, countering the inhibitory effects of V-1 and thus activating CP. The reconstitution involves the presence of an Arp2/3 activator on the surface, along with Arp2/3 complex, V-1, CP, profilin and actin monomers in solution, recreating key features of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Mooren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Patrick McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - James D DeBrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anshuman Jaysingh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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32
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Wang Y, Wu J, Zsolnay V, Pollard TD, Voth GA. Mechanism of Phosphate Release from Actin Filaments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551904. [PMID: 37577500 PMCID: PMC10418243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
After ATP-actin monomers assemble filaments, the ATP's γ-phosphate is hydrolyzed within seconds and dissociates over minutes. We used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to sample the release of phosphate from filaments and study residues that gate release. Dissociation of phosphate from Mg2+ is rate limiting and associated with an energy barrier of 20 kcal/mol, consistent with experimental rates of phosphate release. Phosphate then diffuses in an internal cavity toward a gate formed by R177 suggested in prior computational studies and cryo-EM structures. The gate is closed when R177 hydrogen bonds with N111 and is open when R177 forms a salt bridge with D179. Most of the time interactions of R177 with other residues occludes the phosphate release pathway. Machine learning analysis reveals that the occluding interactions fluctuate rapidly, underscoring the secondary role of backdoor gate opening in Pi release, in contrast with the previous hypothesis that gate opening is the primary event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jiangbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vilmos Zsolnay
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas D. Pollard
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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33
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Rynkiewicz MJ, Childers MC, Karpicheva OE, Regnier M, Geeves MA, Lehman W. Myosin's powerstroke transitions define atomic scale movement of cardiac thin filament tropomyosin. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202413538. [PMID: 38607351 PMCID: PMC11010328 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202413538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between the myosin motor head on thick filaments and the actin molecular track on thin filaments drive the myosin-crossbridge cycle that powers muscle contraction. The process is initiated by Ca2+ and the opening of troponin-tropomyosin-blocked myosin-binding sites on actin. The ensuing recruitment of myosin heads and their transformation from pre-powerstroke to post-powerstroke conformation on actin produce the force required for contraction. Cryo-EM-based atomic models confirm that during this process, tropomyosin occupies three different average positions on actin. Tropomyosin pivoting on actin away from a TnI-imposed myosin-blocking position accounts for part of the Ca2+ activation observed. However, the structure of tropomyosin on thin filaments that follows pre-powerstroke myosin binding and its translocation during myosin's pre-powerstroke to post-powerstroke transition remains unresolved. Here, we approach this transition computationally in silico. We used the myosin helix-loop-helix motif as an anchor to dock models of pre-powerstroke cardiac myosin to the cleft between neighboring actin subunits along cardiac thin filaments. We then performed targeted molecular dynamics simulations of the transition between pre- and post-powerstroke conformations on actin in the presence of cardiac troponin-tropomyosin. These simulations show Arg 369 and Glu 370 on the tip of myosin Loop-4 encountering identically charged residues on tropomyosin. The charge repulsion between residues causes tropomyosin translocation across actin, thus accounting for the final regulatory step in the activation of the thin filament, and, in turn, facilitating myosin movement along the filament. We suggest that during muscle activity, myosin-induced tropomyosin movement is likely to result in unencumbered myosin head interactions on actin at low-energy cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olga E. Karpicheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - William Lehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Yang Y, He X, Li F, He S, Liu M, Li M, Xia F, Su W, Liu G. Animal-derived food allergen: A review on the available crystal structure and new insights into structural epitope. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13340. [PMID: 38778570 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is a rapidly growing public health problem. The interaction between allergens and IgE is at the core of the allergic response. One of the best ways to understand this interaction is through structural characterization. This review focuses on animal-derived food allergens, overviews allergen structures determined by X-ray crystallography, presents an update on IgE conformational epitopes, and explores the structural features of these epitopes. The structural determinants of allergenicity and cross-reactivity are also discussed. Animal-derived food allergens are classified into limited protein families according to structural features, with the calcium-binding protein and actin-binding protein families dominating. Progress in epitope characterization has provided useful information on the structural properties of the IgE recognition region. The data reveals that epitopes are located in relatively protruding areas with negative surface electrostatic potential. Ligand binding and disulfide bonds are two intrinsic characteristics that influence protein structure and impact allergenicity. Shared structures, local motifs, and shared epitopes are factors that lead to cross-reactivity. The structural properties of epitope regions and structural determinants of allergenicity and cross-reactivity may provide directions for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergies. Experimentally determined structure, especially that of antigen-antibody complexes, remains limited, and the identification of epitopes continues to be a bottleneck in the study of animal-derived food allergens. A combination of traditional immunological techniques and emerging bioinformatics technology will revolutionize how protein interactions are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrong He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fajie Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shaogui He
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Food Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjin Su
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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35
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Morales EA, Fitz GN, Tyska MJ. Mitotic spindle positioning protein (MISP) preferentially binds to aged F-actin. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107279. [PMID: 38588808 PMCID: PMC11101845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin bundling proteins crosslink filaments into polarized structures that shape and support membrane protrusions including filopodia, microvilli, and stereocilia. In the case of epithelial microvilli, mitotic spindle positioning protein (MISP) is an actin bundler that localizes specifically to the basal rootlets, where the pointed ends of core bundle filaments converge. Previous studies established that MISP is prevented from binding more distal segments of the core bundle by competition with other actin-binding proteins. Yet whether MISP holds a preference for binding directly to rootlet actin remains an open question. By immunostaining native intestinal tissue sections, we found that microvillar rootlets are decorated with the severing protein, cofilin, suggesting high levels of ADP-actin in these structures. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy assays, we also found that purified MISP exhibits a binding preference for ADP- versus ADP-Pi-actin-containing filaments. Consistent with this, assays with actively growing actin filaments revealed that MISP binds at or near their pointed ends. Moreover, although substrate attached MISP assembles filament bundles in parallel and antiparallel configurations, in solution MISP assembles parallel bundles consisting of multiple filaments exhibiting uniform polarity. These discoveries highlight nucleotide state sensing as a mechanism for sorting actin bundlers along filaments and driving their accumulation near filament ends. Such localized binding might drive parallel bundle formation and/or locally modulate bundle mechanical properties in microvilli and related protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Angelo Morales
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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36
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Daly ML, Nishi K, Klawa SJ, Hinton KY, Gao Y, Freeman R. Designer peptide-DNA cytoskeletons regulate the function of synthetic cells. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01509-w. [PMID: 38654104 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The bottom-up engineering of artificial cells requires a reconfigurable cytoskeleton that can organize at distinct locations and dynamically modulate its structural and mechanical properties. Here, inspired by the vast array of actin-binding proteins and their ability to reversibly crosslink or bundle filaments, we have designed a library of peptide-DNA crosslinkers varying in length, valency and geometry. Peptide filaments conjoint through DNA hybridization give rise to tactoid-shaped bundles with tunable aspect ratios and mechanics. When confined in cell-sized water-in-oil droplets, the DNA crosslinker design guides the localization of cytoskeletal structures at the cortex or within the lumen of the synthetic cells. The tunable spatial arrangement regulates the passive diffusion of payloads within the droplets and complementary DNA handles allow for the reversible recruitment and release of payloads on and off the cytoskeleton. Heat-induced reconfiguration of peptide-DNA architectures triggers shape deformations of droplets, regulated by DNA melting temperatures. Altogether, the modular design of peptide-DNA architectures is a powerful strategy towards the bottom-up assembly of synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Daly
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kengo Nishi
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Klawa
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kameryn Y Hinton
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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37
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Aydin F, Katkar HH, Morganthaler A, Harker AJ, Kovar DR, Voth GA. Prediction of the essential intermolecular contacts for side-binding of VASP on F-actin. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38647032 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) family proteins play a crucial role in mediating the actin network architecture in the cytoskeleton. The Ena/VASP homology 2 (EVH2) domain in each of the four identical arms of the tetrameric VASP consists of a loading poly-Pro region, a G-actin-binding domain (GAB), and an F-actin-binding domain (FAB). Together, the poly-Pro, GAB, and FAB domains allow VASP to bind to sides of actin filaments in a bundle, and recruit profilin-G-actin to processively elongate the filaments. The atomic resolution structure of the ternary complex, consisting of the loading poly-Pro region and GAB domain of VASP with profilin-actin, has been solved over a decade ago; however, a detailed structure of the FAB-F-actin complex has not been resolved to date. Experimental insights, based on homology of the FAB domain with the C region of WASP, have been used to hypothesize that the FAB domain binds to the cleft between subdomains 1 and 3 of F-actin. Here, in order to develop our understanding of the VASP-actin complex, we first augment known structural information about the GAB domain binding to actin with the missing FAB domain-actin structure, which we predict using homology modeling and docking simulations. In earlier work, we used mutagenesis and kinetic modeling to study the role of domain-level binding-unbinding kinetics of Ena/VASP on actin filaments in a bundle, specifically on the side of actin filaments. We further look at the nature of the side-binding of the FAB domain of VASP at the atomistic level using our predicted structure, and tabulate effective mutation sites on the FAB domain that would disrupt the VASP-actin complex. We test the binding affinity of Ena with mutated FAB domain using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments. The binding affinity of VASP is affected significantly for the mutant, providing additional support for our predicted structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Harshwardhan H Katkar
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alisha Morganthaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alyssa J Harker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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38
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Zhuo L, Stöckl JB, Fröhlich T, Moser S, Vollmar AM, Zahler S. A Novel Interaction of Slug (SNAI2) and Nuclear Actin. Cells 2024; 13:696. [PMID: 38667311 PMCID: PMC11049500 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin is a protein of central importance to many cellular functions. Its localization and activity are regulated by interactions with a high number of actin-binding proteins. In a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening system, snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2 or slug) was identified as a yet unknown potential actin-binding protein. We validated this interaction using immunoprecipitation and analyzed the functional relation between slug and actin. Since both proteins have been reported to be involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, we focused on their interaction during this process after treatment with doxorubicin or UV irradiation. Confocal microscopy elicits that the overexpression of actin fused to an NLS stabilizes complexes of slug and γH2AX, an early marker of DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhuo
- Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Jan B. Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.B.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.B.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Simone Moser
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.)
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39
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Trofimova DN, Aeluri M, Veeranna KD, Jiang Y, Grange RL, Pipaliya BV, Subaramanian M, Craig AW, Evans PA, Allingham JS. Toward a Template for Synthetic Actin-Targeting Macrolide Analogues That Inhibit Cancer Cell Invasiveness. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5315-5332. [PMID: 38401158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Actin barbed end-binding macrolides have been shown to inhibit cancer cell motility and invasion of extracellular matrix (ECM), evoking their potential utility as therapies for metastatic cancers. Unfortunately, the direct use of these compounds in clinical settings is impeded by their limited natural abundance, challenging total synthesis, and detrimental effects on normal tissues. To develop potent analogues of these compounds that are simpler to synthesize and compatible with cell-specific targeting systems, such as antibodies, we designed over 20 analogues of the acyclic side chain (tail) of the macrolide Mycalolide B. These analogues probed the contributions of four distinct regions of the tail towards the inhibition of actin polymerization and ECM invasion by human lung cancer A549 cells. We observed that two of these regions tolerate considerable substituent variability, and we identified a specific combination of substituents that leads to the optimal inhibition of the ECM invasion activity of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madhu Aeluri
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kirana D Veeranna
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Grange
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bhavin V Pipaliya
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Murugan Subaramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Andrew W Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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40
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Vepřek NA, Cooper MH, Laprell L, Yang EJN, Folkerts S, Bao R, Boczkowska M, Palmer NJ, Dominguez R, Oertner TG, Pon LA, Zuchero JB, Trauner DH. Optical Control of G-Actin with a Photoswitchable Latrunculin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8895-8903. [PMID: 38511265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells and is a key component of the cytoskeleton. A range of small molecules has emerged that interfere with actin dynamics by either binding to polymeric F-actin or monomeric G-actin to stabilize or destabilize filaments or prevent their formation and growth, respectively. Among these, the latrunculins, which bind to G-actin and affect polymerization, are widely used as tools to investigate actin-dependent cellular processes. Here, we report a photoswitchable version of latrunculin, termed opto-latrunculin (OptoLat), which binds to G-actin in a light-dependent fashion and affords optical control over actin polymerization. OptoLat can be activated with 390-490 nm pulsed light and rapidly relaxes to its inactive form in the dark. Light activated OptoLat induced depolymerization of F-actin networks in oligodendrocytes and budding yeast, as shown by fluorescence microscopy. Subcellular control of actin dynamics in human cancer cell lines was demonstrated via live cell imaging. Light-activated OptoLat also reduced microglia surveillance in organotypic mouse brain slices while ramification was not affected. Incubation in the dark did not alter the structural and functional integrity of the microglia. Together, our data demonstrate that OptoLat is a useful tool for the elucidation of G-actin dependent dynamic processes in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke A Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-80539, Germany
| | - Madeline H Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laura Laprell
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20251, Germany
| | - Emily Jie-Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sander Folkerts
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ruiyang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas J Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas G Oertner
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20251, Germany
| | - Liza A Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - J Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dirk H Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Fineberg A, Takagi Y, Thirumurugan K, Andrecka J, Billington N, Young G, Cole D, Burgess SA, Curd AP, Hammer JA, Sellers JR, Kukura P, Knight PJ. Myosin-5 varies its step length to carry cargo straight along the irregular F-actin track. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401625121. [PMID: 38507449 PMCID: PMC10990141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401625121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular motors employ chemical energy to generate unidirectional mechanical output against a track while navigating a chaotic cellular environment, potential disorder on the track, and against Brownian motion. Nevertheless, decades of nanometer-precise optical studies suggest that myosin-5a, one of the prototypical molecular motors, takes uniform steps spanning 13 subunits (36 nm) along its F-actin track. Here, we use high-resolution interferometric scattering microscopy to reveal that myosin takes strides spanning 22 to 34 actin subunits, despite walking straight along the helical actin filament. We show that cumulative angular disorder in F-actin accounts for the observed proportion of each stride length, akin to crossing a river on variably spaced stepping stones. Electron microscopy revealed the structure of the stepping molecule. Our results indicate that both motor and track are soft materials that can adapt to function in complex cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fineberg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Andrecka
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Gavin Young
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Cole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stan A. Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair P. Curd
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - James R. Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Knight
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Kamnev A, Mehta T, Wielscher M, Chaves B, Lacouture C, Mautner AK, Shaw LE, Caldera M, Menche J, Weninger WP, Farlik M, Boztug K, Dupré L. Coordinated ARP2/3 and glycolytic activities regulate the morphological and functional fitness of human CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113853. [PMID: 38421875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the ability of cytotoxic T cells to search for target cells and eliminate them. We here investigated the relationship between energetic status, actin remodeling, and functional fitness in human CD8+ effector T cells. Cell spreading during migration or immunological synapse assembly mirrored cytotoxic activity. Morphological and functional fitness were boosted by interleukin-2 (IL-2), which also stimulated the transcription of glycolytic enzymes, actin isoforms, and actin-related protein (ARP)2/3 complex subunits. This molecular program scaled with F-actin content and cell spreading. Inhibiting glycolysis impaired F-actin remodeling at the lamellipodium, chemokine-driven motility, and adhesion, while mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation blockade impacted cell elongation during confined migration. The severe morphological and functional defects of ARPC1B-deficient T cells were only partially corrected by IL-2, emphasizing ARP2/3-mediated actin polymerization as a crucial energy state integrator. The study therefore underscores the tight coordination between metabolic and actin remodeling programs to sustain the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanvi Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatriz Chaves
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Computational Modeling Group, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria; Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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43
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Waechtler BE, Jayasankar R, Morin EP, Robinson DN. Benefits and challenges of reconstituting the actin cortex. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38520148 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The cell's ability to change shape is a central feature in many cellular processes, including cytokinesis, motility, migration, and tissue formation. The cell constructs a network of contractile proteins underneath the cell membrane to form the cortex, and the reorganization of these components directly contributes to cellular shape changes. The desire to mimic these cell shape changes to aid in the creation of a synthetic cell has been increasing. Therefore, membrane-based reconstitution experiments have flourished, furthering our understanding of the minimal components the cell uses throughout these processes. Although biochemical approaches increased our understanding of actin, myosin II, and actin-associated proteins, using membrane-based reconstituted systems has further expanded our understanding of actin structures and functions because membrane-cortex interactions can be analyzed. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in membrane-based reconstitution techniques. We examine the current findings on the minimal components needed to recapitulate distinct actin structures and functions and how they relate to the cortex's impact on cellular mechanical properties. We also explore how co-processing of computational models with wet-lab experiments enhances our understanding of these properties. Finally, we emphasize the benefits and challenges inherent to membrane-based, reconstitution assays, ranging from the advantage of precise control over the system to the difficulty of integrating these findings into the complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Waechtler
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajan Jayasankar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma P Morin
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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44
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Funes S, Jung J, Gadd DH, Mosqueda M, Zhong J, Shankaracharya, Unger M, Stallworth K, Cameron D, Rotunno MS, Dawes P, Fowler-Magaw M, Keagle PJ, McDonough JA, Boopathy S, Sena-Esteves M, Nickerson JA, Lutz C, Skarnes WC, Lim ET, Schafer DP, Massi F, Landers JE, Bosco DA. Expression of ALS-PFN1 impairs vesicular degradation in iPSC-derived microglia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2497. [PMID: 38509062 PMCID: PMC10954694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying microglia dysfunction and toxicity remain to be elucidated. To investigate the effect of neurodegenerative disease-linked genes on the intrinsic properties of microglia, we studied microglia-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), termed iMGs, harboring mutations in profilin-1 (PFN1) that are causative for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS-PFN1 iMGs exhibited evidence of lipid dysmetabolism, autophagy dysregulation and deficient phagocytosis, a canonical microglia function. Mutant PFN1 also displayed enhanced binding affinity for PI3P, a critical signaling molecule involved in autophagic and endocytic processing. Our cumulative data implicate a gain-of-toxic function for mutant PFN1 within the autophagic and endo-lysosomal pathways, as administration of rapamycin rescued phagocytic dysfunction in ALS-PFN1 iMGs. These outcomes demonstrate the utility of iMGs for neurodegenerative disease research and implicate microglial vesicular degradation pathways in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Funes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Translational Science Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jonathan Jung
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Del Hayden Gadd
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michelle Mosqueda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Matthew Unger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Karly Stallworth
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Debra Cameron
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Melissa S Rotunno
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Megan Fowler-Magaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pamela J Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Sivakumar Boopathy
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Cathleen Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratory Center for Precision Genetics, Rare Disease Translational Center, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - William C Skarnes
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Francesca Massi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Daryl A Bosco
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Translational Science Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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45
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Reed AE, Peraza J, van den Haak F, Hernandez ER, Gibbs RA, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Marchi E, Reshef R, Alobeid B, Mace EM, Orange JS. β-Actin G342D as a Cause of NK Cell Deficiency Impairing Lytic Synapse Termination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:962-973. [PMID: 38315012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when an individual's major clinical immunodeficiency derives from abnormal NK cells and is associated with several genetic etiologies. Three categories of β-actin-related diseases with over 60 ACTB (β-actin) variants have previously been identified, none with a distinct NK cell phenotype. An individual with mild developmental delay, macrothrombocytopenia, and susceptibility to infections, molluscum contagiosum virus, and EBV-associated lymphoma had functional NKD for over a decade. A de novo ACTB variant encoding G342D β-actin was identified and was consistent with the individual's developmental and platelet phenotype. This novel variant also was found to have direct impact in NK cells because its expression in the human NK cell line YTS (YTS-NKD) caused increased cell spreading in lytic immune synapses created on activating surfaces. YTS-NKD cells were able to degranulate and perform cytotoxicity, but they demonstrated defective serial killing because of prolonged conjugation to the killed target cell and thus were effectively unable to terminate lytic synapses. G342D β-actin results in a novel, to our knowledge, mechanism of functional NKD via increased synaptic spreading and defective lytic synapse termination with resulting impaired serial killing, leading to overall reductions in NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jackeline Peraza
- Department of Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Frederique van den Haak
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Evelyn R Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, NCI Designated Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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46
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Deep A, Pandey DK. Genome-Wide Analysis of VILLIN Gene Family Associated with Stress Responses in Cotton ( Gossypium spp.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2278-2300. [PMID: 38534762 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The VILLIN (VLN) protein plays a crucial role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, which is involved in numerous developmental processes, and is crucial for plant responses to both biotic and abiotic factors. Although various plants have been studied to understand the VLN gene family and its potential functions, there has been limited exploration of VLN genes in Gossypium and fiber crops. In the present study, we characterized 94 VLNs from Gossypium species and 101 VLNs from related higher plants such as Oryza sativa and Zea mays and some fungal, algal, and animal species. By combining these VLN sequences with other Gossypium spp., we classified the VLN gene family into three distinct groups, based on their phylogenetic relationships. A more in-depth examination of Gossypium hirsutum VLNs revealed that 14 GhVLNs were distributed across 12 of the 26 chromosomes. These genes exhibit specific structures and protein motifs corresponding to their respective groups. GhVLN promoters are enriched with cis-elements related to abiotic stress responses, hormonal signals, and developmental processes. Notably, a significant number of cis-elements were associated with the light responses. Additionally, our analysis of gene-expression patterns indicated that most GhVLNs were expressed in various tissues, with certain members exhibiting particularly high expression levels in sepals, stems, and tori, as well as in stress responses. The present study potentially provides fundamental insights into the VLN gene family and could serve as a valuable reference for further elucidating the diverse functions of VLN genes in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Deep
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 835303, India
| | - Dhananjay K Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 835303, India
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47
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Greve JN, Marquardt A, Heiringhoff R, Reindl T, Thiel C, Di Donato N, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. The non-muscle actinopathy-associated mutation E334Q in cytoskeletal γ-actin perturbs interaction of actin filaments with myosin and ADF/cofilin family proteins. eLife 2024; 12:RP93013. [PMID: 38446501 PMCID: PMC10942649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various heterozygous cytoskeletal γ-actin mutations have been shown to cause Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome, non-syndromic hearing loss, or isolated eye coloboma. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of human cytoskeletal γ-actin carrying mutation E334Q, a mutation that leads to a hitherto unspecified non-muscle actinopathy. Following expression, purification, and removal of linker and thymosin β4 tag sequences, the p.E334Q monomers show normal integration into linear and branched actin filaments. The mutation does not affect thermal stability, actin filament nucleation, elongation, and turnover. Model building and normal mode analysis predict significant differences in the interaction of p.E334Q filaments with myosin motors and members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin-binding proteins. Assays probing the interactions of p.E334Q filaments with human class 2 and class 5 myosin motor constructs show significant reductions in sliding velocity and actin affinity. E334Q differentially affects cofilin-mediated actin dynamics by increasing the rate of cofilin-mediated de novo nucleation of actin filaments and decreasing the efficiency of cofilin-mediated filament severing. Thus, it is likely that p.E334Q-mediated changes in myosin motor activity, as well as filament turnover, contribute to the observed disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Greve
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Anja Marquardt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Robin Heiringhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Theresia Reindl
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Claudia Thiel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | | | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- RESiST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Lazzarino M, Zanetti M, Chen SN, Gao S, Peña B, Lam CK, Wu JC, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. Defective Biomechanics and Pharmacological Rescue of Human Cardiomyocytes with Filamin C Truncations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2942. [PMID: 38474188 PMCID: PMC10932268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin-binding filamin C (FLNC) is expressed in cardiomyocytes, where it localizes to Z-discs, sarcolemma, and intercalated discs. Although FLNC truncation variants (FLNCtv) are an established cause of arrhythmias and heart failure, changes in biomechanical properties of cardiomyocytes are mostly unknown. Thus, we investigated the mechanical properties of human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) carrying FLNCtv. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited homozygous FLNCKO-/- hiPSC-CMs and heterozygous knock-out FLNCKO+/- hiPSC-CMs were analyzed and compared to wild-type FLNC (FLNCWT) hiPSC-CMs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to perform micro-indentation to evaluate passive and dynamic mechanical properties. A qualitative analysis of the beating traces showed gene dosage-dependent-manner "irregular" peak profiles in FLNCKO+/- and FLNCKO-/- hiPSC-CMs. Two Young's moduli were calculated: E1, reflecting the compression of the plasma membrane and actin cortex, and E2, including the whole cell with a cytoskeleton and nucleus. Both E1 and E2 showed decreased stiffness in mutant FLNCKO+/- and FLNCKO-/- iPSC-CMs compared to that in FLNCWT. The cell adhesion force and work of adhesion were assessed using the retraction curve of the SCFS. Mutant FLNC iPSC-CMs showed gene dosage-dependent decreases in the work of adhesion and adhesion forces from the heterozygous FLNCKO+/- to the FLNCKO-/- model compared to FLNCWT, suggesting damaged cytoskeleton and membrane structures. Finally, we investigated the effect of crenolanib on the mechanical properties of hiPSC-CMs. Crenolanib is an inhibitor of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α (PDGFRA) pathway which is upregulated in FLNCtv hiPSC-CMs. Crenolanib was able to partially rescue the stiffness of FLNCKO-/- hiPSC-CMs compared to control, supporting its potential therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lazzarino
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.Z.)
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Michele Zanetti
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.Z.)
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Suet Nee Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Brisa Peña
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.K.L.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.K.L.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.N.C.); (S.G.); (B.P.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Vizcaíno-Castillo A, Kotila T, Kogan K, Yanase R, Como J, Antenucci L, Michelot A, Sunter JD, Lappalainen P. Leishmania profilin interacts with actin through an unusual structural mechanism to control cytoskeletal dynamics in parasites. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105740. [PMID: 38340794 PMCID: PMC10907219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites are a major health problem in tropical countries. Because of their complex life cycle involving both vertebrate and insect hosts, and >1 billion years of evolutionarily distance, the cell biology of trypanosomatid parasites exhibits pronounced differences to animal cells. For example, the actin cytoskeleton of trypanosomatids is divergent when compared with other eukaryotes. To understand how actin dynamics are regulated in trypanosomatid parasites, we focused on a central actin-binding protein profilin. Co-crystal structure of Leishmania major actin in complex with L. major profilin revealed that, although the overall folds of actin and profilin are conserved in eukaryotes, Leishmania profilin contains a unique α-helical insertion, which interacts with the target binding cleft of actin monomer. This insertion is conserved across the Trypanosomatidae family and is similar to the structure of WASP homology-2 (WH2) domain, a small actin-binding motif found in many other cytoskeletal regulators. The WH2-like motif contributes to actin monomer binding and enhances the actin nucleotide exchange activity of Leishmania profilin. Moreover, Leishmania profilin inhibited formin-catalyzed actin filament assembly in a mechanism that is dependent on the presence of the WH2-like motif. By generating profilin knockout and knockin Leishmania mexicana strains, we show that profilin is important for efficient endocytic sorting in parasites, and that the ability to bind actin monomers and proline-rich proteins, and the presence of a functional WH2-like motif, are important for the in vivo function of Leishmania profilin. Collectively, this study uncovers molecular principles by which profilin regulates actin dynamics in trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tommi Kotila
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ryuji Yanase
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Juna Como
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Lina Antenucci
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alphee Michelot
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK.
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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50
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Sherer LA, Mahanta B, Courtemanche N. Computational tools for quantifying actin filament numbers, lengths, and bundling. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060267. [PMID: 38372564 PMCID: PMC10924227 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic filamentous network that assembles into specialized structures to enable cells to perform essential processes. Direct visualization of fluorescently-labeled cytoskeletal proteins has provided numerous insights into the dynamic processes that govern the assembly of actin-based structures. However, accurate analysis of these experiments is often complicated by the interdependent and kinetic natures of the reactions involved. It is often challenging to disentangle these processes to accurately track their evolution over time. Here, we describe two programs written in the MATLAB programming language that facilitate counting, length measurements, and quantification of bundling of actin filaments visualized in fluorescence micrographs. To demonstrate the usefulness of our programs, we describe their application to the analysis of two representative reactions: (1) a solution of pre-assembled filaments under equilibrium conditions, and (2) a reaction in which actin filaments are crosslinked together over time. We anticipate that these programs can be applied to extract equilibrium and kinetic information from a broad range of actin-based reactions, and that their usefulness can be expanded further to investigate the assembly of other biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Sherer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Biswaprakash Mahanta
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Naomi Courtemanche
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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