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Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a disease of accelerated biological aging: An opportunity to translate geroscience interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy and a paucity of clinical trials addressing its biological root causes. Notably, many of the symptoms of long COVID are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a translational framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging, identifying research gaps and offering recommendations for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Mahmud S, Pitcher LE, Torbenson E, Robbins PD, Zhang L, Dong X. Developing transcriptomic signatures as a biomarker of cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102403. [PMID: 38964507 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate driven by different types of stress, where damaged cells exit from the cell cycle and, in many cases, develop an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence has often been linked to driving aging and the onset of multiple diseases conferred by the harmful SASP, which disrupts tissue homeostasis and impairs the regular function of many tissues. This phenomenon was first observed in vitro when fibroblasts halted replication after approximately 50 population doublings. In addition to replication-induced senescence, factors such as DNA damage and oncogene activation can induce cellular senescence both in culture and in vivo. Despite their contribution to aging and disease, identifying senescent cells in vivo has been challenging due to their heterogeneity. Although senescent cells can express the cell cycle inhibitors p16Ink4a and/or p21Cip1 and exhibit SA-ß-gal activity and evidence of a DNA damage response, there is no universal biomarker for these cells, regardless of inducer or cell type. Recent studies have analyzed the transcriptomic characteristics of these cells, leading to the identification of signature gene sets like CellAge, SeneQuest, and SenMayo. Advancements in single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing now allow for analyzing senescent cell heterogeneity within the same tissue and the development of machine learning algorithms, e.g., SenPred, SenSig, and SenCID, to discover cellular senescence using RNA sequencing data. Such insights not only deepen our understanding of the genetic pathways driving cellular senescence, but also promote the development of its quantifiable biomarkers. This review summarizes the current knowledge of transcriptomic signatures of cellular senescence and their potential as in vivo biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsed Mahmud
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Louise E Pitcher
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elijah Torbenson
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiao Dong
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Brandhorst S, Levine ME, Wei M, Shelehchi M, Morgan TE, Nayak KS, Dorff T, Hong K, Crimmins EM, Cohen P, Longo VD. Fasting-mimicking diet causes hepatic and blood markers changes indicating reduced biological age and disease risk. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1309. [PMID: 38378685 PMCID: PMC10879164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In mice, periodic cycles of a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) protect normal cells while killing damaged cells including cancer and autoimmune cells, reduce inflammation, promote multi-system regeneration, and extend longevity. Here, we performed secondary and exploratory analysis of blood samples from a randomized clinical trial (NCT02158897) and show that 3 FMD cycles in adult study participants are associated with reduced insulin resistance and other pre-diabetes markers, lower hepatic fat (as determined by magnetic resonance imaging) and increased lymphoid to myeloid ratio: an indicator of immune system age. Based on a validated measure of biological age predictive of morbidity and mortality, 3 FMD cycles were associated with a decrease of 2.5 years in median biological age, independent of weight loss. Nearly identical findings resulted from a second clinical study (NCT04150159). Together these results provide initial support for beneficial effects of the FMD on multiple cardiometabolic risk factors and biomarkers of biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mahshid Shelehchi
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tanya Dorff
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kurt Hong
- Center of Clinical Nutrition and Applied Health Research, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Center on Biodemography and Population Health, University of California Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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Waziry R, Gu Y, Williams O, Hägg S. Connections between cross-tissue and intra-tissue biomarkers of aging biology in older adults. EPIGENETICS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:7. [PMID: 38037563 PMCID: PMC10688599 DOI: 10.1186/s43682-023-00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Saliva measures are generally more accessible than blood, especially in vulnerable populations. However, connections between aging biology biomarkers in different body tissues remain unknown. Methods The present study included individuals (N = 2406) who consented for saliva and blood draw in the Health and Retirement Telomere length study in 2008 and the Venous blood study in 2016 who had complete data for both tissues. We assessed biological aging based on telomere length in saliva and DNA methylation and physiology measures in blood. DNA methylation clocks combine information from CpGs to produce the aging measures representative of epigenetic aging in humans. We analyzed DNA methylation clocks proposed by Horvath (353 CpG sites), Hannum (71 CpG sites), Levine or PhenoAge, (513 CpG sites), GrimAge, (epigenetic surrogate markers for select plasma proteins), Horvath skin and blood (391 CpG sites), Lin (99 CpG sites), Weidner (3 CpG sites), and VidalBralo (8 CpG sites). Physiology measures (referred to as phenotypic age) included albumin, creatinine, glucose, [log] C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percent, mean cell volume, red blood cell distribution width, alkaline phosphatase, and white blood cell count. The phenotypic age algorithm is based on parametrization of Gompertz proportional hazard models. Average telomere length was assayed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) by comparing the telomere sequence copy number in each patient's sample (T) to a single-copy gene copy number (S). The resulting T/S ratio was proportional to telomere length, mean. Within individual, relationships between aging biology measures in blood and saliva and variations according to sex were assessed. Results Saliva-based telomere length showed inverse associations with both physiology-based and DNA methylation-based aging biology biomarkers in blood. Longer saliva-based telomere length was associated with 1 to 4 years slower biological aging based on blood-based biomarkers with the highest magnitude being Weidner (β = - 3.97, P = 0.005), GrimAge (β = - 3.33, P < 0.001), and Lin (β = - 3.45, P = 0.008) biomarkers of DNA methylation. Conclusions There are strong connections between aging biology biomarkers in saliva and blood in older adults. Changes in telomere length vary with changes in DNA methylation and physiology biomarkers of aging biology. We observed variations in the relationship between each body system represented by physiology biomarkers and biological aging, particularly at the DNA methylation level. These observations provide novel opportunities for integration of both blood-based and saliva-based biomarkers in clinical care of vulnerable and clinically difficult to reach populations where either or both tissues would be accessible for clinical monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Waziry
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Y. Gu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O. Williams
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - S. Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. Dietary antioxidants and lifespan: Relevance of environmental conditions, diet, and genotype of experimental models. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112221. [PMID: 37230336 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rise of life expectancy in current societies is not accompanied, to date, by a similar increase in healthspan, which represents a great socio-economic problem. It has been suggested that aging can be manipulated and then, the onset of all age-associated chronic disorders can be delayed because these pathologies share age as primary underlying risk factor. One of the most extended ideas is that aging is consequence of the accumulation of molecular damage. According to the oxidative damage theory, antioxidants should slow down aging, extending lifespan and healthspan. The present review analyzes studies evaluating the effect of dietary antioxidants on lifespan of different aging models and discusses the evidence on favor of their antioxidant activity as anti-aging mechanisms. Moreover, possible causes for differences between the reported results are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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6
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Herrera JJ, Pifer K, Louzon S, Leander D, Fiehn O, Day SM, Miller RA, Garratt M. Early or Late-Life Treatment With Acarbose or Rapamycin Improves Physical Performance and Affects Cardiac Structure in Aging Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:397-406. [PMID: 36342748 PMCID: PMC9977253 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments can extend the life span of mice. For optimal translation in humans, treatments should improve health during aging, and demonstrate efficacy when started later in life. Acarbose (ACA) and rapamycin (RAP) extend life span in mice when treatment is started early or later in life. Both drugs can also improve some indices of healthy aging, although there has been little systematic study of whether health benefits accrue differently depending on the age at which treatment is started. Here we compare the effects of early (4 months) versus late (16 months) onset ACA or RAP treatment on physical function and cardiac structure in genetically heterogeneous aged mice. ACA or RAP treatment improve rotarod acceleration and endurance capacity compared to controls, with effects that are largely similar in mice starting treatment from early or late in life. Compared to controls, cardiac hypertrophy is reduced by ACA or RAP in both sexes regardless of age at treatment onset. ACA has a greater effect on the cardiac lipidome than RAP, and the effects of early-life treatment are recapitulated by late-life treatment. These results indicate that late-life treatment with these drugs provide at least some of the benefits of life long treatment, although some of the benefits occur only in males, which could lead to sex differences in health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pifer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean Louzon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Danielle Leander
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Li S, Liu Z, Zhang J, Li L. Links between telomere dysfunction and hallmarks of aging. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503617. [PMID: 37188431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the gradual loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased risk of death. This deterioration is the main risk factor for the great majority of chronic diseases, which account for most of the morbidity, death and medical expenses. The hallmarks of aging comprise diverse molecular mechanisms and cell systems, which are interrelated and coordinated to drive the aging process. This review focuses on telomere to analyze the interrelationships between telomere dysfunction and other aging hallmarks and their relative contributions to the initiation and progression of age-related diseases (such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), which will contribute to determine drug targets, improve human health in the aging process with minimal side effects and provide information for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Wang D, Li M, Ling J, Chen S, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Huang Y, Pan C, Lin Y, Shi Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Assessing the effects of aging on the liver endothelial cell landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0021. [PMID: 36724124 PMCID: PMC9894352 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) function declines with age and contributes to the development of many vascular-related disease processes. Currently, the effects of aging on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of liver ECs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptome of ECs and analyzed their relationship with aging. We identified 8 different EC subtypes, interestingly, 2 of which were specially expressed in aged mice ECs namely aged capillary ECs (Aged ECs) and pro-inflammation capillary ECs (Proinfla.ECs). Double immunostaining for an EC marker (Cd31) and a marker of these specialized EC phenotypes confirmed the single-cell RNA sequencing data. Gene ontology analysis revealed that Aged ECs and Proinfla.ECs were associated with inflammatory response. Then we found that liver proliferating capillary ECs (Prolife.ECs) were most affected by senescence. Single-cell transcript analysis suggests that Prolife.ECs and angiogenic capillary ECs may form a poor microenvironment that promotes angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Pseudo-temporal trajectories revealed that Prolife.ECs have different differentiation pathways in young and aged mice. In aged mice, Prolife.ECs could specifically differentiate into an unstable state, which was mainly composed of angiogenic capillary ECs. Intercellular communication revealed inflammatory activation in old group. Overall, this work compared the single-cell RNA profiles of liver ECs in young and aged mice. These findings provide a new insight into liver aging and its molecular mechanisms, and further exploration of Aged ECs and Proinfla.ECs may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with senescence.
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The Senolytic Drug Fisetin Attenuates Bone Degeneration in the Zmpste24 -/- Progeria Mouse Model. J Osteoporos 2023; 2023:5572754. [PMID: 36875869 PMCID: PMC9977556 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5572754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to several geriatric conditions including osteoporosis (OP) and associated frailty syndrome. Treatments for these conditions are limited and none target fundamental drivers of pathology, and thus identifying strategies to delay progressive loss of tissue homeostasis and functional reserve will significantly improve quality of life in elderly individuals. A fundamental property of aging is the accumulation of senescent cells. Senescence is a cell state defined by loss of proliferative capacity, resistance to apoptosis, and the release of a proinflammatory and anti-regenerative senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The accumulation of senescent cells and SASP factors is thought to significantly contribute to systemic aging. Senolytics-compounds which selectively target and kill senescent cells-have been characterized to target and inhibit anti-apoptotic pathways that are upregulated during senescence, which can elicit apoptosis in senescent cells and relieve SASP production. Senescent cells have been linked to several age-related pathologies including bone density loss and osteoarthritis in mice. Previous studies in murine models of OP have demonstrated that targeting senescent cells pharmacologically with senolytic drugs can reduce symptomology of the disease. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of senolytic drugs (dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin) to improve age-associated degeneration in bone using the Zmpste24-/- (Z24-/-) progeria murine system for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We found that the combination of dasatinib plus quercetin could not significantly mitigate trabecular bone loss although fisetin administration could reduce bone density loss in the accelerated aging Z24-/- model. Furthermore, the overt bone density loss observed in the Z24-/- model reported herein highlights the Z24 model as a translational model to recapitulate alterations in bone density associated with advanced age. Consistent with the "geroscience hypothesis," these data demonstrate the utility of targeting a fundamental driver of systemic aging (senescent cell accumulation) to alleviate a common condition with age, bone deterioration.
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Wyles SP, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Targeting Cellular Senescence for Age-Related Diseases: Path to Clinical Translation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:20S-26S. [PMID: 36170432 PMCID: PMC9529239 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Beyond the palliative reach of today's medicines, medical therapies of tomorrow aim to treat the root cause of age-related diseases by targeting fundamental aging mechanisms. Pillars of aging include, among others, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. The unitary theory of fundamental aging processes posits that by targeting one fundamental aging process, it may be feasible to impact several or all others given its interdependence. Indeed, pathologic accumulation of senescent cells is implicated in chronic diseases and age-associated morbidities, suggesting that senescent cells are a good target for whole-body aging intervention. Preclinical studies using senolytics, agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, and senomorphics, agents that inhibit production or release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, show promise in several aging and disease preclinical models. Early clinical trials using a senolytic combination (dasatinib and quercetin), and other senolytics including flavonoid, fisetin, and BCL-xL inhibitors, illustrate the potential of senolytics to alleviate age-related dysfunction and diseases including wound healing. Translation into clinical applications requires parallel clinical trials across institutions to validate senotherapeutics as a vanguard for delaying, preventing, or treating age-related disorders and aesthetic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya P. Wyles
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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11
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Tian W, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang J, Ju J, Xu H. Global research trends in atherosclerosis: A bibliometric and visualized study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:956482. [PMID: 36082127 PMCID: PMC9445883 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.956482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts related to atherosclerosis, prompting the need to provide a comprehensive view of the growing literature. By retrieving publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on atherosclerosis to describe the research landscape.MethodsA search was conducted of the WoSCC for articles and reviews serving exclusively as a source of information on atherosclerosis published between 2012 and 2022. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to chart the annual productivity of research relevant to atherosclerosis. Through CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the most prolific countries or regions, authors, journals, and resource-, intellectual-, and knowledge-sharing in atherosclerosis research, as well as co-citation analysis of references and keywords, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 20,014 publications were retrieved. In terms of publications, the United States remains the most productive country (6,390, 31,93%). The most publications have been contributed by Johns Hopkins Univ (730, 3.65%). ALVARO ALONSO produced the most published works (171, 0.85%). With a betweenness centrality of 0.17, ERIN D MICHOS was the most influential author. The most prolific journal was identified as Atherosclerosis (893, 4.46%). Circulation received the most co-citations (14,939, 2.79%). Keywords with the ongoing strong citation bursts were “nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD), Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLRP3) inflammasome,” “short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs),” “exosome,” and “homeostasis,” etc.ConclusionThe research on atherosclerosis is driven mostly by North America and Europe. Intensive research has focused on the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis, as well as its complications. Specifically, the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β, gut microbiota and SCFAs, exosome, long non-coding RNAs, autophagy, and cellular senescence were described to be hot issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Tian
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqing Ju,
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hao Xu,
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12
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Sorokina AG, Efimenko AY, Grigorieva OA, Novoseletskaya ES, Basalova NA, Aleksandrushkina NA, Vigovskiy MA, Kirillova KI, Strazhesko ID, Orlov AV, Balatskiy AV, Samokhodskaya LМ, Danilova NV, Dychkova UD, Akopyan AA, Kakotkin VV, Asratyan DA, Akopyan ZA, Orlova YA. [Correlations between vessel stiffness and biomarkers of senescent cell in elderly patients]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:15-22. [PMID: 35834337 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.6.n2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the association between vascular wall stiffness and known markers for accumulation of senescent cells in blood, cells, and tissues of old patients.Material and methods This study included male and female patients aged 65 years and older who were referred to an elective surgical intervention, that included a surgical incision in the area of the anterior abdominal wall or large joints and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For all patients, traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and arterial wall stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV) were evaluated. Also, biomaterials (peripheral blood, skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue) were collected during the surgery and were used for isolation of several cell types and subsequent histological analysis to determine various markers of senescent cells.Results The study included 80 patients aged 65 to 90 years. The correlation analysis identified the most significant indexes that reflected the accumulation of senescent cells at the systemic, tissue, and cellular levels (r>0.3, р<0.05) and showed positive and negative correlations with PWV. The following blood plasma factors were selected as the markers of ageing: insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), and vascular endothelium adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). A significant negative correlation between PWV and IGF-1 concentration was found. Among the tissue markers, P16INK, the key marker for tissue accumulation of senescent cells, predictably showed a positive correlation (r=0.394, p<0.05). A medium-strength correlation with parameters of the 96-h increment of mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts and a weak correlation with IL-6 as a SASP (specific senescent-associated secretory phenotype) were noted. Results of the multifactorial linear regression analysis showed that the blood plasma marker, VCAM-1, and the cell marker, 96-h increment of fibroblasts, were associated with PWV regardless of the patient's age.Conclusion Stiffness of great arteries as measured by PWV significantly correlates with a number of plasma, tissue, and cellular markers for accumulation of senescent cells. This fact suggests PWV as a candidate for inclusion in the panel of parameters for evaluation and monitoring of the biological age during the senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sorokina
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - A Yu Efimenko
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - O A Grigorieva
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - E S Novoseletskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N A Basalova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | | | - M A Vigovskiy
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - K I Kirillova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - I D Strazhesko
- Russian Gerontology Research Center of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A V Orlov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A V Balatskiy
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - L М Samokhodskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N V Danilova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - U D Dychkova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - A A Akopyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - V V Kakotkin
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - D A Asratyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Z A Akopyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Ya A Orlova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
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13
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Parkinson EK, Prime SS. Oral Senescence: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Research. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.822397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring following multiple rounds of cell division (replicative senescence) or in response to cellular stresses such as ionizing radiation, signaling imbalances and oxidative damage (stress-induced premature senescence). Even very small numbers of senescent cells can be deleterious and there is evidence that senescent cells are instrumental in a number of oral pathologies including cancer, oral sub mucous fibrosis and the side effects of cancer therapy. In addition, senescent cells are present and possibly important in periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity. However, senescence is a double-edged sword because although it operates as a suppressor of malignancy in pre-malignant epithelia, senescent cells in the neoplastic environment promote tumor growth and progression. Many of the effects of senescent cells are dependent on the secretion of an array of diverse therapeutically targetable proteins known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, as senescence may have beneficial roles in wound repair, preventing fibrosis and stem cell activation the clinical exploitation of senescent cells is not straightforward. Here, we discuss biological mechanisms of senescence and we review the current approaches to target senescent cells therapeutically, including senostatics and senolytics which are entering clinical trials.
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14
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Zhang S, Yang Z, Li ZN, Chen ZL, Yue SJ, Fu RJ, Xu DQ, Zhang S, Tang YP. Are Older People Really More Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2? Aging Dis 2022; 13:1336-1347. [PMID: 36186126 PMCID: PMC9466979 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak, COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe due to its high infectivity and lethality. Age appears to be one of the key factors influencing the status and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as multiple reports indicated that the majority of COVID-19 infections and severe cases are elderly. Most people simply assume that the elderly are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than the young, but the mechanism behind it is still open to question. The older and younger people are at similar risk of infection because their infection process is the same and they must be exposed to the virus first. However, whether they will get sick after exposure to the virus and how their disease progresses depend on their immune mechanisms. In older populations, inflammation and immune aging reduce their ability to resist SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meanwhile, under the influence of comorbidities, ACE2 receptor and various cytokines undergo corresponding changes, thus accelerating the entry, replication, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the body, promoting disease progression, and leading to severe illness and even death. In addition, the relatively fragile mental state of the elderly can also affect their timely recovery from COVID-19. Therefore, once older people are infected with SARS-CoV-2, they are more prone to severe illness and death with a poor prognosis, and they should strengthen protection to avoid exposure to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine (Guang’anmen Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhuo-Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhen-Lin Chen
- International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhen-Lin Chen, International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. ; Dr. Yu-Ping Tang, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. .
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhen-Lin Chen, International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. ; Dr. Yu-Ping Tang, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. .
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15
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El Hadri K, Smith R, Duplus E, El Amri C. Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Senescence in Atherosclerosis: Thioredoxine-1 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010077. [PMID: 35008500 PMCID: PMC8744732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) worldwide and intimately linked to aging. This pathology is characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, gradual accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles and fibrous elements in focal areas of large and medium arteries. These fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall become progressively unstable and thrombogenic leading to heart attack, stroke or other severe heart ischemic syndromes. Elevated blood levels of LDL are major triggering events for atherosclerosis. A cascade of molecular and cellular events results in the atherosclerotic plaque formation, evolution, and rupture. Moreover, the senescence of multiple cell types present in the vasculature were reported to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. Classical therapeutic interventions consist of lipid-lowering drugs, anti-inflammatory and life style dispositions. Moreover, targeting oxidative stress by developing innovative antioxidant agents or boosting antioxidant systems is also a well-established strategy. Accumulation of senescent cells (SC) is also another important feature of atherosclerosis and was detected in various models. Hence, targeting SCs appears as an emerging therapeutic option, since senolytic agents favorably disturb atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we propose a survey of the impact of inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence in atherosclerosis; and the emerging therapeutic options, including thioredoxin-based approaches such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic strategy with promising potential of senomodulation.
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16
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Ahmed R, Reza HM, Shinohara K, Nakahata Y. Cellular Senescence and its Impact on the Circadian Clock. J Biochem 2021; 171:493-500. [PMID: 34668549 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, and cellular senescence is one of the major causes of aging and age-related diseases. The persistent presence of senescent cells in late life seems to cause disarray in a tissue-specific manner. Aging disrupts the circadian clock system, which results in the development of many age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiac diseases, and sleep disorders and an increased susceptibility to infections. In this review, we first discuss cellular senescence and some of its basic characteristics and detrimental roles. Then, we discuss a relatively unexplored topic on the link between cellular senescence and the circadian clock and attempt to determine whether cellular senescence could be the underlying factor for circadian clock disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwana Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
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17
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Reynolds L, Vsevolozhskaya O, Rice B, Chavan N, Dugan A, Maddox H, Preston J, DeHoff L, O'Brien J, Pearson K. Physical activity during pregnancy alters gene expression in neonatal tissue. Physiol Int 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReducing the risk of developing chronic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an important component of successful aging. Offspring born to mothers who exercise during pregnancy have improved body composition and metabolic profiles. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon are lacking.PurposeThis study examined whether maternal step counts were correlated with neonatal gene expression markers related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.MethodsPhysical activity levels were assessed in women with male neonates via Fitbit Flex® during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The dartos and epidermal/dermal layers of the foreskin were collected following circumcision in full-term, singleton, neonates (n = 12 dartos and n = 14 dermal). Tissue was homogenized, RNA isolated, and a NanoString code set was run to quantify a panel of genes related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.ResultsTwelve genes were correlated to steps per day with a P-value of <0.05. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, six genes remained significantly correlated to steps per day (False Discovery Rate-corrected P-value < 0.10). Notably, glucose transporter 1, adiponectin receptor 1, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta were positively correlated with steps per day, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- alpha were negatively correlated with steps per day.ConclusionMaternal physical activity is associated with offspring gene expression markers of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. Future studies should aim to mechanistically examine whether these markers are driving increased adiposity in offspring born to sedentary mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Reynolds
- 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - O.A. Vsevolozhskaya
- 2Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B.B. Rice
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - N.R. Chavan
- 4Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A.J. Dugan
- 2Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H.F. Maddox
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J.D. Preston
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- 5School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L.B. DeHoff
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J.M. O'Brien
- 4Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K.J. Pearson
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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18
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Katzir I, Adler M, Karin O, Mendelsohn‐Cohen N, Mayo A, Alon U. Senescent cells and the incidence of age-related diseases. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13314. [PMID: 33559235 PMCID: PMC7963340 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and osteoarthritis have universal features: Their incidence rises exponentially with age with a slope of 6-8% per year and decreases at very old ages. There is no conceptual model which explains these features in so many diverse diseases in terms of a single shared biological factor. Here, we develop such a model, and test it using a nationwide medical record dataset on the incidence of nearly 1000 diseases over 50 million life-years, which we provide as a resource. The model explains incidence using the accumulation of senescent cells, damaged cells that cause inflammation and reduce regeneration, whose level rise stochastically with age. The exponential rise and late drop in incidence are captured by two parameters for each disease: the susceptible fraction of the population and the threshold concentration of senescent cells that causes disease onset. We propose a physiological mechanism for the threshold concentration for several disease classes, including an etiology for diseases of unknown origin such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and osteoarthritis. The model can be used to design optimal treatments that remove senescent cells, suggeting that treatment starting at old age can sharply reduce the incidence of all age-related diseases, and thus increase the healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Katzir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Miri Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge MA USA
| | - Omer Karin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | | | - Avi Mayo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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19
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Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T. Senolytic drugs: from discovery to translation. J Intern Med 2020; 288:518-536. [PMID: 32686219 PMCID: PMC7405395 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senolytics are a class of drugs that selectively clear senescent cells (SC). The first senolytic drugs Dasatinib, Quercetin, Fisetin and Navitoclax were discovered using a hypothesis-driven approach. SC accumulate with ageing and at causal sites of multiple chronic disorders, including diseases accounting for the bulk of morbidity, mortality and health expenditures. The most deleterious SC are resistant to apoptosis and have up-regulation of anti-apoptotic pathways which defend SC against their own inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), allowing them to survive, despite killing neighbouring cells. Senolytics transiently disable these SCAPs, causing apoptosis of those SC with a tissue-destructive SASP. Because SC take weeks to reaccumulate, senolytics can be administered intermittently - a 'hit-and-run' approach. In preclinical models, senolytics delay, prevent or alleviate frailty, cancers and cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, liver, kidney, musculoskeletal, lung, eye, haematological, metabolic and skin disorders as well as complications of organ transplantation, radiation and cancer treatment. As anticipated for agents targeting the fundamental ageing mechanisms that are 'root cause' contributors to multiple disorders, potential uses of senolytics are protean, potentially alleviating over 40 conditions in preclinical studies, opening a new route for treating age-related dysfunction and diseases. Early pilot trials of senolytics suggest they decrease senescent cells, reduce inflammation and alleviate frailty in humans. Clinical trials for diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, eye diseases and bone marrow transplant and childhood cancer survivors are underway or beginning. Until such studies are done, it is too early for senolytics to be used outside of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kirkland
- From the, Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T Tchkonia
- From the, Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Al-Naggar IMA, Kuchel GA, Xu M. Senolytics: targeting senescent cells for age-associated diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:161-172. [PMID: 33777657 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-020-00140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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22
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Ma S, Sun S, Li J, Fan Y, Qu J, Sun L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang S, Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhang S, Wang Q, Zheng A, Duo S, Yu Y, Belmonte JCI, Chan P, Zhou Q, Song M, Zhang W, Liu GH. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of primate cardiopulmonary aging. Cell Res 2020; 31:415-432. [PMID: 32913304 PMCID: PMC7483052 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases, especially in highly prevalent cardiopulmonary comorbidities and infectious diseases including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Resolving cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with aging in higher mammals is therefore urgently needed. Here, we created young and old non-human primate single-nucleus/cell transcriptomic atlases of lung, heart and artery, the top tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Analysis of cell type-specific aging-associated transcriptional changes revealed increased systemic inflammation and compromised virus defense as a hallmark of cardiopulmonary aging. With age, expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was increased in the pulmonary alveolar epithelial barrier, cardiomyocytes, and vascular endothelial cells. We found that interleukin 7 (IL7) accumulated in aged cardiopulmonary tissues and induced ACE2 expression in human vascular endothelial cells in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with vitamin C blocked IL7-induced ACE2 expression. Altogether, our findings depict the first transcriptomic atlas of the aged primate cardiopulmonary system and provide vital insights into age-linked susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that geroprotective strategies may reduce COVID-19 severity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Sun
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuguang Duo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Piu Chan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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23
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Aguado J, d’Adda di Fagagna F, Wolvetang E. Telomere transcription in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101115. [PMID: 32565330 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play a central role in the control of cellular senescence and organismal ageing and need to be protected in order to avoid being recognised as damaged DNA and activate DNA damage response pathways. Dysfunctional telomeres arise from critically short telomeres or altered telomere structures, which ultimately lead to replicative cellular senescence and chromosome instability: both hallmarks of ageing. The observation that telomeres are transcribed led to the discovery that telomeric transcripts play important roles in chromosome end protection and genome stability maintenance. Recent evidence indicates that particular long non-coding (nc)RNAs transcribed at telomeres, namely TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) and telomeric damage-induced long ncRNAs (tdilncRNA), play key roles in age-related pathways by actively orchestrating the mechanisms known to regulate telomere length, chromosome end protection and DNA damage signalling. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the telomere transcriptome, outlining how it functions as a regulatory platform with essential functions in safeguarding telomere integrity and stability. We next review emerging antisense oligonucleotides therapeutic strategies that target telomeric ncRNAs and discuss their potential for ameliorating ageing and age-related diseases. Altogether, this review provides insights on the biological relevance of telomere transcription mechanisms in human ageing physiology and pathology.
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24
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Wissler Gerdes EO, Zhu Y, Weigand BM, Tripathi U, Burns TC, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Cellular senescence in aging and age-related diseases: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:203-234. [PMID: 32854855 PMCID: PMC7656525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major predictor for developing multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) other dementias, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Senescent cells, which can drive aging phenotypes, accumulate at etiological sites of many age-related chronic diseases. These cells are resistant to apoptosis and can cause local and systemic dysfunction. Decreasing senescent cell abundance using senolytic drugs, agents that selectively target these cells, alleviates neurodegenerative diseases in preclinical models. In this review, we consider roles of senescent cells in neurodegenerative diseases and potential implications of senolytic agents as an innovative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - B Melanie Weigand
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Terence C Burns
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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25
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Bulterijs S, Braeckman BP. Phenotypic Screening in C. elegans as a Tool for the Discovery of New Geroprotective Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E164. [PMID: 32722365 PMCID: PMC7463874 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is one of the largest challenges of the 21st century. As more people live to advanced ages, the prevalence of age-related diseases and disabilities will increase placing an ever larger burden on our healthcare system. A potential solution to this conundrum is to develop treatments that prevent, delay or reduce the severity of age-related diseases by decreasing the rate of the aging process. This ambition has been accomplished in model organisms through dietary, genetic and pharmacological interventions. The pharmacological approaches hold the greatest opportunity for successful translation to the clinic. The discovery of such pharmacological interventions in aging requires high-throughput screening strategies. However, the majority of screens performed for geroprotective drugs in C. elegans so far are rather low throughput. Therefore, the development of high-throughput screening strategies is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bulterijs
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P. Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Darcy J, Fang Y, McFadden S, Lynes MD, Leiria LO, Dreyfuss JM, Bussburg V, Tolstikov V, Greenwood B, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Bartke A, Tseng YH. Integrated metabolomics reveals altered lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in a model of extreme longevity. GeroScience 2020; 42:1527-1546. [PMID: 32632845 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an essential role in metabolic health. Ames dwarf mice are exceptionally long-lived and display metabolically beneficial phenotypes in their adipose tissue, providing an ideal model for studying the intersection between adipose tissue and longevity. To this end, we assessed the metabolome and lipidome of adipose tissue in Ames dwarf mice. We observed distinct lipid profiles in brown versus white adipose tissue of Ames dwarf mice that are consistent with increased thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity, such as increased cardiolipin and decreased ceramide concentrations. Moreover, we identified 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE), an ω-3 fatty acid metabolite, to be increased in Ames dwarf brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as in circulation. Importantly, 5-HEPE is increased in other models of BAT activation and is negatively correlated with body weight, insulin resistance, and circulating triglyceride concentrations in humans. Together, these data represent a novel lipid signature of adipose tissue in a mouse model of extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Darcy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Samuel McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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27
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Song S, Lam EWF, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Sun Y. Senescent Cells: Emerging Targets for Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:578-592. [PMID: 32531228 PMCID: PMC7649645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for numerous human pathologies, including cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions and various malignancies. While our understanding of aging is far from complete, recent advances suggest that targeting fundamental aging processes can delay, prevent, or alleviate age-related disorders. Cellular senescence is physiologically beneficial in several contexts, but it has causal roles in multiple chronic diseases. New studies have illustrated the promising feasibility and safety to selectively ablate senescent cells from tissues, a therapeutic modality that holds potential for treating multiple chronic pathologies and extending human healthspan. Here, we review molecular links between cellular senescence and age-associated complications and highlight novel therapeutic avenues that may be exploited to target senescent cells in future geriatric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Song
- School of Gerontology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China; Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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28
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Pignolo RJ, Nath KA. Introduction to Thematic Reviews on Aging and Geriatric Medicine. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1102-1104. [PMID: 32498769 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Department of medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Karl A Nath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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29
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Khosla S, Farr JN, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. The role of cellular senescence in ageing and endocrine disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:263-275. [PMID: 32161396 PMCID: PMC7227781 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the ageing of the global population, interest is growing in the 'geroscience hypothesis', which posits that manipulation of fundamental ageing mechanisms will delay (in parallel) the appearance or severity of multiple chronic, non-communicable diseases, as these diseases share the same underlying risk factor - namely, ageing. In this context, cellular senescence has received considerable attention as a potential target in preventing or treating multiple age-related diseases and increasing healthspan. Here we review mechanisms of cellular senescence and approaches to target this pathway therapeutically using 'senolytic' drugs that kill senescent cells or inhibitors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Furthermore, we highlight the evidence that cellular senescence has a causative role in multiple diseases associated with ageing. Finally, we focus on the role of cellular senescence in a number of endocrine diseases, including osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as other endocrine conditions. Although much remains to be done, considerable preclinical evidence is now leading to the initiation of proof-of-concept clinical trials using senolytics for several endocrine and non-endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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30
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Gonzalez-Freire M, Diaz-Ruiz A, Hauser D, Martinez-Romero J, Ferrucci L, Bernier M, de Cabo R. The road ahead for health and lifespan interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101037. [PMID: 32109604 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a modifiable risk factor for most chronic diseases and an inevitable process in humans. The development of pharmacological interventions aimed at delaying or preventing the onset of chronic conditions and other age-related diseases has been at the forefront of the aging field. Preclinical findings have demonstrated that species, sex and strain confer significant heterogeneity on reaching the desired health- and lifespan-promoting pharmacological responses in model organisms. Translating the safety and efficacy of these interventions to humans and the lack of reliable biomarkers that serve as predictors of health outcomes remain a challenge. Here, we will survey current pharmacological interventions that promote lifespan extension and/or increased healthspan in animals and humans, and review the various anti-aging interventions selected for inclusion in the NIA's Interventions Testing Program as well as the ClinicalTrials.gov database that target aging or age-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Group, Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA; Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hauser
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Jorge Martinez-Romero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, IMDEA Food, CEI, UAM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
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31
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Pignolo RJ, Passos JF, Khosla S, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Reducing Senescent Cell Burden in Aging and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:630-638. [PMID: 32589933 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a primary aging process and tumor suppressive mechanism characterized by irreversible growth arrest, apoptosis resistance, production of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in DNA and chromatin. In preclinical aging models, accumulation of senescent cells is associated with multiple chronic diseases and disorders, geriatric syndromes, multimorbidity, and accelerated aging phenotypes. In animals, genetic and pharmacologic reduction of senescent cell burden results in the prevention, delay, and/or alleviation of a variety of aging-related diseases and sequelae. Early clinical trials have thus far focused on safety and target engagement of senolytic agents that clear senescent cells. We hypothesize that these pharmacologic interventions may have transformative effects on geriatric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Mayo Clinic Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - João F Passos
- Mayo Clinic Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Mayo Clinic Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Mayo Clinic Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Mayo Clinic Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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32
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Chung MCM, Kennedy BK. Aging: Mechanisms, Measures, and Interventions. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800336. [PMID: 32232945 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxey C M Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117497
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117497.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228.,Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore, 117609.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
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33
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Wissler Gerdes EO, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Discovery, development, and future application of senolytics: theories and predictions. FEBS J 2020; 287:2418-2427. [PMID: 32112672 PMCID: PMC7302972 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate with aging and at etiological sites of multiple diseases, including those accounting for most morbidity, mortality, and health costs. Senescent cells do not replicate, can release factors that cause tissue dysfunction, and yet remain viable. The discovery of senolytic drugs, agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, created a new route for alleviating age‐related dysfunction and diseases. As anticipated for agents targeting fundamental aging mechanisms that are ‘root cause’ contributors to multiple disorders, potential applications of senolytics are protean. We review the discovery of senolytics, strategies for translation into clinical application, and promising early signals from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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34
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Haque S, Ames RM, Moore K, Pilling LC, Peters LL, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Harries LW. circRNAs expressed in human peripheral blood are associated with human aging phenotypes, cellular senescence and mouse lifespan. GeroScience 2019; 42:183-199. [PMID: 31811527 PMCID: PMC7031184 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding RNA molecules that are thought to regulate gene expression and human disease. Despite the observation that circRNAs are known to accumulate in older organisms and have been reported in cellular senescence, their role in aging remains relatively unexplored. Here, we have assessed circRNA expression in aging human blood and followed up age-associated circRNA in relation to human aging phenotypes, mammalian longevity as measured by mouse median strain lifespan and cellular senescence in four different primary human cell types. We found that circRNAs circDEF6, circEP300, circFOXO3 and circFNDC3B demonstrate associations with parental longevity or hand grip strength in 306 subjects from the InCHIANTI study of aging, and furthermore, circFOXO3 and circEP300 also demonstrate differential expression in one or more human senescent cell types. Finally, four circRNAs tested showed evidence of conservation in mouse. Expression levels of one of these, circPlekhm1, was nominally associated with lifespan. These data suggest that circRNA may represent a novel class of regulatory RNA involved in the determination of aging phenotypes, which may show future promise as both biomarkers and future therapeutic targets for age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Haque
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD South, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ryan M Ames
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Karen Moore
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Luanne L Peters
- The Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Centre of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Branch, Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Lorna W Harries
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD South, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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35
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Palmer AK, Gustafson B, Kirkland JL, Smith U. Cellular senescence: at the nexus between ageing and diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1835-1841. [PMID: 31451866 PMCID: PMC6731336 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and diabetes lead to similar organ dysfunction that is driven by parallel molecular mechanisms, one of which is cellular senescence. The abundance of senescent cells in various tissues increases with age, obesity and diabetes. Senescent cells have been directly implicated in the generation of insulin resistance. Recently, drugs that preferentially target senescent cells, known as senolytics, have been described and recently entered clinical trials. In this review, we explore the biological links between ageing and diabetes, specifically focusing on cellular senescence. We summarise the current data on cellular senescence in key target tissues associated with the development and clinical phenotypes of type 2 diabetes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cellular senescence in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Palmer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Birgit Gustafson
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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36
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Hambright WS, Niedernhofer LJ, Huard J, Robbins PD. Murine models of accelerated aging and musculoskeletal disease. Bone 2019; 125:122-127. [PMID: 30844492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary risk factor for most musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is aging. To treat the diverse types of musculoskeletal diseases and pathologies, targeting their root cause, the aging process itself, has the potential to slow or prevent multiple age-related musculoskeletal conditions simultaneously. However, the development of approaches to delay onset of age related diseases, including musculoskeletal pathologies, has been slowed by the relatively long lifespan of rodent models of aging. Thus, to expedite the development of therapeutic approaches for age-related musculoskeletal disease, the implementation of mouse models of accelerated musculoskeletal aging are of great utility. Currently there are multiple genetically diverse mouse models that mirror certain aspects of normal human and mouse aging. Here, we provide a review of some of the most relevant murine models of accelerated aging that mimic many aspects of natural musculoskeletal aging, highlighting their relative strengths and weaknesses. Importantly, these murine models of accelerated aging recapitulate phenotypes of musculoskeletal age-related decline observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Hambright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America; Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, United States of America.
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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37
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Long-lived animals with negligible senescence: clues for ageing research. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1157-1164. [PMID: 31366472 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among several theories to explain the complicated process of human ageing, the mitochondrial oxidative stress hypothesis has received recent attention. Considering that lifespan and ageing rates vary considerably across taxa, a better understanding of factors that lead to negligible or extremely rapid senescence in mammals may generate novel approaches to target human ageing. Several species, such as naked mole rats, ocean quahog, rockfish and Greenland shark, have been identified that exhibit negligible senescence and superior resistance to age-related diseases. Considering that the available literature suggests that their outstanding stress resistance is linked to maintenance of protein homeostasis and robust mitochondrial functions, treatments that target protein modification and upregulation of matrix antioxidants may have implications for extending human health span.
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Darcy J, Tseng YH. ComBATing aging-does increased brown adipose tissue activity confer longevity? GeroScience 2019; 41:285-296. [PMID: 31230192 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and its related beige adipose tissue (BAT) play a definitive role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which acts by dissociating oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production, resulting in the release of heat. Therefore, in order to maintain high thermogenic capacity, BAT must act as a metabolic sink by taking up vast amounts of circulating glucose and lipids for oxidation. This, along with the rediscovery of BAT in adult humans, has fueled the study of BAT as a putative therapeutic approach to manage the growing rates of obesity and metabolic syndromes. Notably, many of the beneficial consequences of BAT activity overlap with metabolic biomarkers of extended lifespan and healthspan. In this review, we provide background about BAT including the thermogenic program, BAT's role as a secretory organ, and differences between BAT in mice and humans. We also provide details on BAT during aging, and perspectives on the potential of targeting BAT to promote lifespan and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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39
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Zhang L, Yousefzadeh MJ, Suh Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Signal Transduction, Ageing and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:227-247. [PMID: 30888655 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is defined by the loss of functional reserve over time, leading to a decreased tissue homeostasis and increased age-related pathology. The accumulation of damage including DNA damage contributes to driving cell signaling pathways that, in turn, can drive different cell fates, including senescence and apoptosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. In addition, the accumulation of cell autonomous damage with time also drives ageing through non-cell autonomous pathways by modulation of signaling pathways. Interestingly, genetic and pharmacologic analysis of factors able to modulate lifespan and healthspan in model organisms and even humans have identified several key signaling pathways including IGF-1, NF-κB, FOXO3, mTOR, Nrf-2 and sirtuins. This review will discuss the roles of several of these key signaling pathways, in particular NF-κB and Nrf2, in modulating ageing and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine and the Institute for Ageing Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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40
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Yousefzadeh MJ, Zhu Y, McGowan SJ, Angelini L, Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg H, Xu M, Ling YY, Melos KI, Pirtskhalava T, Inman CL, McGuckian C, Wade EA, Kato JI, Grassi D, Wentworth M, Burd CE, Arriaga EA, Ladiges WL, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:18-28. [PMID: 30279143 PMCID: PMC6197652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence is a tumor suppressor mechanism activated in stressed cells to prevent replication of damaged DNA. Senescent cells have been demonstrated to play a causal role in driving aging and age-related diseases using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. We previously demonstrated that the combination of dasatinib and the flavonoid quercetin is a potent senolytic improving numerous age-related conditions including frailty, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to identify flavonoids with more potent senolytic activity. METHODS A panel of flavonoid polyphenols was screened for senolytic activity using senescent murine and human fibroblasts, driven by oxidative and genotoxic stress, respectively. The top senotherapeutic flavonoid was tested in mice modeling a progeroid syndrome carrying a p16INK4a-luciferase reporter and aged wild-type mice to determine the effects of fisetin on senescence markers, age-related histopathology, disease markers, health span and lifespan. Human adipose tissue explants were used to determine if results translated. FINDINGS Of the 10 flavonoids tested, fisetin was the most potent senolytic. Acute or intermittent treatment of progeroid and old mice with fisetin reduced senescence markers in multiple tissues, consistent with a hit-and-run senolytic mechanism. Fisetin reduced senescence in a subset of cells in murine and human adipose tissue, demonstrating cell-type specificity. Administration of fisetin to wild-type mice late in life restored tissue homeostasis, reduced age-related pathology, and extended median and maximum lifespan. INTERPRETATION The natural product fisetin has senotherapeutic activity in mice and in human tissues. Late life intervention was sufficient to yield a potent health benefit. These characteristics suggest the feasibility to translation to human clinical studies. FUND: NIH grants P01 AG043376 (PDR, LJN), U19 AG056278 (PDR, LJN, WLL), R24 AG047115 (WLL), R37 AG013925 (JLK), R21 AG047984 (JLK), P30 DK050456 (Adipocyte Subcore, JLK), a Glenn Foundation/American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) BIG Award (JLK), Glenn/AFAR (LJN, CEB), the Ted Nash Long Life and Noaber Foundations (JLK), the Connor Group (JLK), Robert J. and Theresa W. Ryan (JLK), and a Minnesota Partnership Grant (AMAY-UMN#99)-P004610401-1 (JLK, EAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Luise Angelini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Ming Xu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Yuan Yuan Ling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Kendra I Melos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Christina L Inman
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Collin McGuckian
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Erin A Wade
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Jonathon I Kato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Diego Grassi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Mark Wentworth
- Office of Research Regulatory Support, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Edgar A Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, United States
| | - Warren L Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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41
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Cazzola M, Matera MG, Rogliani P, Calzetta L. Senolytic drugs in respiratory medicine: is it an appropriate therapeutic approach? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:573-581. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1492548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gakriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Belsky DW, Moffitt TE, Cohen AA, Corcoran DL, Levine ME, Prinz JA, Schaefer J, Sugden K, Williams B, Poulton R, Caspi A. Eleven Telomere, Epigenetic Clock, and Biomarker-Composite Quantifications of Biological Aging: Do They Measure the Same Thing? Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1220-1230. [PMID: 29149257 PMCID: PMC6248475 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The geroscience hypothesis posits that therapies to slow biological processes of aging can prevent disease and extend healthy years of life. To test such "geroprotective" therapies in humans, outcome measures are needed that can assess extension of disease-free life span. This need has spurred development of different methods to quantify biological aging. But different methods have not been systematically compared in the same humans. We implemented 7 methods to quantify biological aging using repeated-measures physiological and genomic data in 964 middle-aged humans in the Dunedin Study (New Zealand; persons born 1972-1973). We studied 11 measures in total: telomere-length and erosion, 3 epigenetic-clocks and their ticking rates, and 3 biomarker-composites. Contrary to expectation, we found low agreement between different measures of biological aging. We next compared associations between biological aging measures and outcomes that geroprotective therapies seek to modify: physical functioning, cognitive decline, and subjective signs of aging, including aged facial appearance. The 71-cytosine-phosphate-guanine epigenetic clock and biomarker composites were consistently related to these aging-related outcomes. However, effect sizes were modest. Results suggested that various proposed approaches to quantifying biological aging may not measure the same aspects of the aging process. Further systematic evaluation and refinement of measures of biological aging is needed to furnish outcomes for geroprotector trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - David L Corcoran
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph A Prinz
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Schaefer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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43
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Robbins PD. Extracellular vesicles and aging. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:98. [PMID: 29359137 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging and the chronic diseases associated with aging place a tremendous burden on our healthcare system. As our world population ages dramatically over the next decades, this will only increase. Hence, there is a great need to discover fundamental mechanisms of aging to enable development of strategies for minimizing the impact of aging on our health and economy. There is general agreement that cell autonomous mechanisms contribute to aging. As cells accrue damage over time, they respond to it by triggering individual cell fate decisions that ultimately disrupt tissue homeostasis and thus increase risk of morbidity. However, there are numerous lines of evidence, including heterochronic parabiosis and plasma transfer, indicating that cell non-autonomous mechanisms are critically important for aging as well. In addition, senescent cells, which accumulate in tissues with age, can display a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that contributes to driving aging and loss of tissue homeostasis through a non-cell autonomous mechanism(s). Given the diverse roles of blood-borne extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating not only the immune response, but also angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, they likely play a key role in modulating the aging process through cell non-autonomous mechanisms. The fact that senescent cells release more EVs and with a different composition suggests they contribute to the adverse effects of senescence on aging. In addition, the ability of EVs from functional progenitor cells to promote tissue regeneration suggests that stem cell-derived EVs could be used therapeutically to extend healthspan. This review focuses on the potential roles of EVs in aging, the potential of EV-based therapeutic applications for extending healthspan and the potential for use of circulating EVs as biomarkers of unhealthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T, Zhu Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. The Clinical Potential of Senolytic Drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2297-2301. [PMID: 28869295 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senolytic drugs are agents that selectively induce apoptosis of senescent cells. These cells accumulate in many tissues with aging and at sites of pathology in multiple chronic diseases. In studies in animals, targeting senescent cells using genetic or pharmacological approaches delays, prevents, or alleviates multiple age-related phenotypes, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes, and loss of physiological resilience. Among the chronic conditions successfully treated by depleting senescent cells in preclinical studies are frailty, cardiac dysfunction, vascular hyporeactivity and calcification, diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, osteoporosis, vertebral disk degeneration, pulmonary fibrosis, and radiation-induced damage. Senolytic agents are being tested in proof-of-concept clinical trials. To do so, new clinical trial paradigms for testing senolytics and other agents that target fundamental aging mechanisms are being developed, because use of long-term endpoints such as lifespan or healthspan is not feasible. These strategies include testing effects on multimorbidity, accelerated aging-like conditions, diseases with localized accumulation of senescent cells, potentially fatal diseases associated with senescent cell accumulation, age-related loss of physiological resilience, and frailty. If senolytics or other interventions that target fundamental aging processes prove to be effective and safe in clinical trials, they could transform geriatric medicine by enabling prevention or treatment of multiple diseases and functional deficits in parallel, instead of one at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
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45
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Vaiserman A, Lushchak O. Implementation of longevity-promoting supplements and medications in public health practice: achievements, challenges and future perspectives. J Transl Med 2017; 15:160. [PMID: 28728596 PMCID: PMC5520340 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most modern societies undergo rapid population aging. The rise in life expectancy, nevertheless, is not accompanied, to date, by the same increment of healthspan. Efforts to increase healthspan by means of supplements and pharmaceuticals targeting aging-related pathologies are presently in spotlight of a new branch in geriatric medicine, geroscience, postulating that aging could be manipulated in such a way that will in parallel allow delay the onset of all age-associated chronic disorders. Discussion Currently, the concept of the “longevity dividend” has been developed pointed out that the extension of healthspan by slowing the rate of aging is the most efficient way to combat various aging-related chronic illnesses and disabling conditions than combating them one by one, what is the present-day approach in a generally accepted disease-based paradigm. The further elaboration of pharmaceuticals specifically targeted at age-associated disorders (commonly referred to as ‘anti-aging drugs’) is currently one of the most extensively developed fields in modern biogerontology. Some classes of chemically synthesized compounds and nutraceuticals such as calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inductors, senolytics and others have been identified as having potential for anti-aging intervention through their possible effects on basic processes underlying aging. In modern pharmaceutical industry, development of new classes of anti-aging medicines is apparently one of the most hopeful directions since potential target group may include each adult individual. Summary Implementation of the geroscience-based approaches into healthcare policy and practice would increase the ratio of healthy to unhealthy population due to delaying the onset of age-associated chronic pathologies. That might result in decreasing the biological age and increasing the age of disability, thus increasing the age of retirement and enhancing income without raising taxes. Economic, social and ethical aspects of applying the healthspan- and lifespan-promoting interventions, however, have to be comprehensively debated prior to their implementation in public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya St. 67, Kiev, 04114, Ukraine.
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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46
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Cellular Senescence: A Translational Perspective. EBioMedicine 2017; 21:21-28. [PMID: 28416161 PMCID: PMC5514381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence entails essentially irreversible replicative arrest, apoptosis resistance, and frequently acquisition of a pro-inflammatory, tissue-destructive senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues with aging and at sites of pathogenesis in many chronic diseases and conditions. The SASP can contribute to senescence-related inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, stem cell dysfunction, aging phenotypes, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes, and loss of resilience. Delaying senescent cell accumulation or reducing senescent cell burden is associated with delay, prevention, or alleviation of multiple senescence-associated conditions. We used a hypothesis-driven approach to discover pro-survival Senescent Cell Anti-apoptotic Pathways (SCAPs) and, based on these SCAPs, the first senolytic agents, drugs that cause senescent cells to become susceptible to their own pro-apoptotic microenvironment. Several senolytic agents, which appear to alleviate multiple senescence-related phenotypes in pre-clinical models, are beginning the process of being translated into clinical interventions that could be transformative. Cellular senescence is among the aging processes underlying chronic diseases, loss of resilience, and geriatric syndromes. Senolytics selectively induce senescent cell apoptosis. They delay or alleviate multiple disorders in preclinical studies. If senolytics are demonstrated to be effective and safe in clinical trials, they could be transformative.
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47
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Konopka AR, Laurin JL, Musci RV, Wolff CA, Reid JJ, Biela LM, Zhang Q, Peelor FF, Melby CL, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Influence of Nrf2 activators on subcellular skeletal muscle protein and DNA synthesis rates after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding in older adults. GeroScience 2017; 39:175-186. [PMID: 28283797 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In older adults, chronic oxidative and inflammatory stresses are associated with an impaired increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis after acute anabolic stimuli. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Protandim have been shown to activate nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for the antioxidant response element and anti-inflammatory pathways. This study tested the hypothesis that compared to a placebo control (CON), CLA and Protandim would increase skeletal muscle subcellular protein (myofibrillar, mitochondrial, cytoplasmic) and DNA synthesis in older adults after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding. CLA decreased oxidative stress and skeletal muscle oxidative damage with a trend to increase messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of a Nrf2 target, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1). However, CLA did not influence other Nrf2 targets (heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1)) or protein or DNA synthesis. Conversely, Protandim increased HO-1 protein content but not the mRNA expression of downstream Nrf2 targets, oxidative stress, or skeletal muscle oxidative damage. Rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis were maintained despite lower mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein syntheses after Protandim versus CON. Similarly, DNA synthesis was non-significantly lower after Protandim compared to CON. After Protandim, the ratio of protein to DNA synthesis tended to be greater in the myofibrillar fraction and maintained in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions, emphasizing the importance of measuring both protein and DNA synthesis to gain insight into proteostasis. Overall, these data suggest that Protandim may enhance proteostatic mechanisms of skeletal muscle contractile proteins after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Jaime L Laurin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Justin J Reid
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Laurie M Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christopher L Melby
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Dacks PA, Armstrong JJ, Brannan SK, Carman AJ, Green AM, Kirkman MS, Krakoff LR, Kuller LH, Launer LJ, Lovestone S, Merikle E, Neumann PJ, Rockwood K, Shineman DW, Stefanacci RG, Velentgas P, Viswanathan A, Whitmer RA, Williamson JD, Fillit HM. A call for comparative effectiveness research to learn whether routine clinical care decisions can protect from dementia and cognitive decline. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:33. [PMID: 27543171 PMCID: PMC4992192 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Common diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation are probable risk factors for dementia, suggesting that their treatments may influence the risk and rate of cognitive and functional decline. Moreover, specific therapies and medications may affect long-term brain health through mechanisms that are independent of their primary indication. While surgery, benzodiazepines, and anti-cholinergic drugs may accelerate decline or even raise the risk of dementia, other medications act directly on the brain to potentially slow the pathology that underlies Alzheimer’s and other dementia. In other words, the functional and cognitive decline in vulnerable patients may be influenced by the choice of treatments for other medical conditions. Despite the importance of these questions, very little research is available. The Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation convened an advisory panel to discuss the existing evidence and to recommend strategies to accelerate the development of comparative effectiveness research on how choices in the clinical care of common chronic diseases may protect from cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny A Dacks
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57th St. Suite 901, New York, NY, 10019, USA.
| | - Joshua J Armstrong
- Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Aaron J Carman
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57th St. Suite 901, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | | | - M Sue Kirkman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Peter J Neumann
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,DGI Clinical, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Diana W Shineman
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57th St. Suite 901, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Richard G Stefanacci
- Thomas Jefferson College of Population Health, The Access Group, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priscilla Velentgas
- Scientific Affairs, Quintiles Real World Late Phase Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- Representative for the American Heart Association; Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Population Science and Brain Aging, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Howard M Fillit
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 57 West 57th St. Suite 901, New York, NY, 10019, USA
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