1
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Bryl R, Kulus M, Bryja A, Domagała D, Mozdziak P, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Cardiac progenitor cell therapy: mechanisms of action. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:30. [PMID: 38444042 PMCID: PMC10913616 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an end-stage of many cardiac diseases and one of the main causes of death worldwide. The current management of this disease remains suboptimal. The adult mammalian heart was considered a post-mitotic organ. However, several reports suggest that it may possess modest regenerative potential. Adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), the main players in the cardiac regeneration, constitute, as it may seem, a heterogenous group of cells, which remain quiescent in physiological conditions and become activated after an injury, contributing to cardiomyocytes renewal. They can mediate their beneficial effects through direct differentiation into cardiac cells and activation of resident stem cells but majorly do so through paracrine release of factors. CPCs can secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors as well as exosomes, rich in proteins, lipids and non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs and YRNAs, which contribute to reparation of myocardium by promoting angiogenesis, cardioprotection, cardiomyogenesis, anti-fibrotic activity, and by immune modulation. Preclinical studies assessing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac progenitor cells-derived exosomes on damaged myocardium show that administration of cardiac progenitor cells-derived exosomes can mimic effects of cell transplantation. Exosomes may become new promising therapeutic strategy for heart regeneration nevertheless there are still several limitations as to their use in the clinic. Key questions regarding their dosage, safety, specificity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and route of administration remain outstanding. There are still gaps in the knowledge on basic biology of exosomes and filling them will bring as closer to translation into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Bryl
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Dominika Domagała
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, 65-046, Poland
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-368, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-368, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland.
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland.
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
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2
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Yi JS, Perla S, Bennett AM. An Assessment of the Therapeutic Landscape for the Treatment of Heart Disease in the RASopathies. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1193-1204. [PMID: 35156148 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls a plethora of developmental and post-developmental processes. It is now clear that mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway cause developmental diseases collectively referred to as the RASopathies. The RASopathies include Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. RASopathy patients exhibit a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHD), such as valvular abnormalities and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Since the cardiovascular defects are the most serious and recurrent cause of mortality in RASopathy patients, it is critical to understand the pathological signaling mechanisms that drive the disease. Therapies for the treatment of HCM and other RASopathy-associated comorbidities have yet to be fully realized. Recent developments have shown promise for the use of repurposed antineoplastic drugs that target the RAS-MAPK pathway for the treatment of RASopathy-associated HCM. However, given the impact of the RAS-MAPK pathway in post-developmental physiology, establishing safety and evaluating risk when treating children will be paramount. As such insight provided by preclinical and clinical information will be critical. This review will highlight the cardiovascular manifestations caused by the RASopathies and will discuss the emerging therapies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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3
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Martino F, Varadarajan NM, Perestrelo AR, Hejret V, Durikova H, Vukic D, Horvath V, Cavalieri F, Caruso F, Albihlal WS, Gerber AP, O'Connell MA, Vanacova S, Pagliari S, Forte G. The mechanical regulation of RNA binding protein hnRNPC in the failing heart. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo5715. [PMID: 36417487 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac pathologies are characterized by intense remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that eventually leads to heart failure. Cardiomyocytes respond to the ensuing biomechanical stress by reexpressing fetal contractile proteins via transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes, such as alternative splicing (AS). Here, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC) is up-regulated and relocates to the sarcomeric Z-disc upon ECM pathological remodeling. We show that this is an active site of localized translation, where the ribonucleoprotein associates with the translation machinery. Alterations in hnRNPC expression, phosphorylation, and localization can be mechanically determined and affect the AS of mRNAs involved in mechanotransduction and cardiovascular diseases, including Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein 1. We propose that cardiac ECM remodeling serves as a switch in RNA metabolism by affecting an associated regulatory protein of the spliceosome apparatus. These findings offer new insights on the mechanism of mRNA homeostatic mechanoregulation in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nandan Mysore Varadarajan
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejret
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Durikova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Horvath
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Centre for Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - André P Gerber
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Mary A O'Connell
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vanacova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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4
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The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
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5
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Kanazawa S, Okada H, Riu D, Mabuchi Y, Akazawa C, Iwata J, Hoshi K, Hikita A. Hematopoietic-Mesenchymal Signals Regulate the Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158238. [PMID: 35897814 PMCID: PMC9330127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the properties of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs), such as their self-renewal ability and multipotency, are maintained through interactions with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are rare cells that are present in the bone marrow and are useful for clinical applications due to their functional ability. To obtain the necessary number of cells, MSCs must be cultured to expand, but this causes a remarkable decrease in stem cell properties, such as multipotency and proliferation ability. In this study, we show that the c-Mpl signal, which is related to the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, has an important effect on the proliferation and differentiation ability of MSCs. Utilizing a co-culture system comprising MSCs and HSCs, it is suggested that signaling from hematopoietic cells to MSCs supports cell proliferation. Interestingly, the enhanced proliferation ability of the HSCs was decreased in c-Mpl knock-out HSCs (c-Mpl-KO). In addition, the MSCs co-cultured with c-Mpl-KO HSCs had reduced MSC marker expression (PDGFRa and Sca-1) compared to the MSCs co-cultured with c-Mpl-wild-type HSCs. These results suggest that a hematopoietic–mesenchymal signal exists, and that the state of the HSCs is important for the stability of MSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshiro Kanazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Dan Riu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (D.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
- Intractable Disease Research Centre, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Intractable Disease Research Centre, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (D.R.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5800-8669
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (D.R.); (A.H.)
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6
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Peters MC, Di Martino S, Boelens T, Qin J, van Mil A, Doevendans PA, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG, Neef K. Follistatin-like 1 promotes proliferation of matured human hypoxic iPSC-cardiomyocytes and is secreted by cardiac fibroblasts. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:3-16. [PMID: 35317048 PMCID: PMC8917270 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human heart has limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, patients often progress to heart failure after ischemic injury, despite advances in reperfusion therapies generally decreasing mortality. Depending on its glycosylation state, Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) has been shown to increase cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation, decrease CM apoptosis, and prevent cardiac rupture in animal models of ischemic heart disease. To explore its therapeutic potential, we used a human in vitro model of cardiac ischemic injury with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (iPSC-CMs) and assessed regenerative effects of two differently glycosylated variants of human FSTL1. Furthermore, we investigated the FSTL1-mediated interplay between human cardiac fibroblasts (cFBs) and iPSC-CMs in hypoxia. Both FSTL1 variants increased viability, while only hypo-glycosylated FSTL1 increased CM proliferation post-hypoxia. Human fetal cardiac fibroblasts (fcFBs) expressed and secreted FSTL1 under normoxic conditions, while FSTL1 secretion increased by iPSC-cFBs upon hypoxia but decreased in iPSC-CMs. Co-culture of iPSC-CMs and cFBs increased FSTL1 secretion compared with cFB mono-culture. Taken together, we confirm that FSTL1 induces iPSC-CM proliferation in a human cardiac in vitro hypoxia damage model. Furthermore, we show hypoxia-related FSTL1 secretion by human cFBs and indications for FSTL1-mediated intercellular communication between cardiac cell types in response to hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn C Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Di Martino
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Boelens
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiabin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Analysis of Therapeutic Targets of A Novel Peptide Athycaltide-1 in the Treatment of Isoproterenol-Induced Pathological Myocardial Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:2715084. [PMID: 35599721 PMCID: PMC9085328 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2715084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is a pathological feature of many heart diseases. This is a complex process involving all types of cells in the heart and interactions with circulating cells. This study is aimed at identifying the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in myocardial hypertrophy rats induced by isoprenaline (ISO) and treated with novel peptide Athycaltide-1 (ATH-1) and exploring the mechanism of its improvement. ITRAQ was performed to compare the three different heart states in control group, ISO group, and ATH-1 group. Pairwise comparison showed that there were 121 DEPs in ISO/control (96 upregulated and 25 downregulated), 47 DEPs in ATH-1/ISO (27 upregulated and 20 downregulated), and 116 DEPs in ATH-1/control (77 upregulated and 39 downregulated). Protein network analysis was then performed using the STRING software. Functional analysis revealed that Hspa1 protein, oxidative stress, and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly involved in the occurrence and development of myocardial hypertrophy, which was further validated by vivo model. It is proved that ATH-1 can reduce the expression of Hspa1 protein and the level of oxidative stress in hypertrophic myocardium and further inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2.
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8
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Hayat R, Manzoor M, Hussain A. Wnt Signaling Pathway: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:863-877. [PMID: 35297539 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an evolutionary cell-to-cell coordination mechanism and it is highly critical for a variety of physiological processes of an organism's body, including stem cell regeneration, proliferation, division, migration, polarity of a cell, determining fate of the cell and specification of neural crest, neural symmetry and morphogenesis. Wnts are extracellular secreted glycol proteins, consisted of a family of 19 human proteins that represent the complex nature of the regulatory structure and physiological efficiency of signaling. Moreover, a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway and the β-catenin-independent pathway that is further classified into the Planar Cell Polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways have been established as key signaling nodes downstream of the frizzled (Fz/Fzd) receptor, and these nodes are extensively analyzed at biochemical and molecular levels. Genetic and epigenetic activities that ultimately characterize the pathway and its subsequent responses contribute to Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway hypo or hyper-activation and is associated with the variety of human disorders progression most significantly cancers. Recognizing how this mechanism operates is crucial to the advancement of cancer prevention therapies or regenerative medicine methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Hayat
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean university of China, Qingdao
| | - Maleeha Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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9
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Zhou H, Tang W, Yang J, Peng J, Guo J, Fan C. MicroRNA-Related Strategies to Improve Cardiac Function in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773083. [PMID: 34869689 PMCID: PMC8639862 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) describes a group of manifestations caused by the failure of heart function as a pump that supports blood flow through the body. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as one type of non-coding RNA molecule, have crucial roles in the etiology of HF. Accordingly, miRNAs related to HF may represent potential novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we first discuss the different roles of miRNAs in the development and diseases of the heart. We then outline commonly used miRNA chemical modifications and delivery systems. Further, we summarize the opportunities and challenges for HF-related miRNA therapeutics targets, and discuss the first clinical trial of an antisense drug (CDR132L) in patients with HF. Finally, we outline current and future challenges and potential new directions for miRNA-based therapeutics for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Changsha, China
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11
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Chou C, Chin MT. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy beyond Sarcomere Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168933. [PMID: 34445638 PMCID: PMC8396307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disorder, affecting 1 in 500 people in the general population. Although characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray, and cardiac fibrosis, HCM is in fact a highly complex disease with heterogenous clinical presentation, onset, and complications. While HCM is generally accepted as a disease of the sarcomere, variable penetrance in families with identical genetic mutations challenges the monogenic origin of HCM and instead implies a multifactorial cause. Furthermore, large-scale genome sequencing studies revealed that many genes previously reported as causative of HCM in fact have little or no evidence of disease association. These findings thus call for a re-evaluation of the sarcomere-centered view of HCM pathogenesis. Here, we summarize our current understanding of sarcomere-independent mechanisms of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, highlight the role of extracellular signals in cardiac fibrosis, and propose an alternative but integrated model of HCM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chou
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Michael T. Chin
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-636-8776
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12
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A microRNA program regulates the balance between cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and stimulates cardiac regeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4808. [PMID: 34376683 PMCID: PMC8355162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial regeneration is restricted to early postnatal life, when mammalian cardiomyocytes still retain the ability to proliferate. The molecular cues that induce cell cycle arrest of neonatal cardiomyocytes towards terminally differentiated adult heart muscle cells remain obscure. Here we report that the miR-106b~25 cluster is higher expressed in the early postnatal myocardium and decreases in expression towards adulthood, especially under conditions of overload, and orchestrates the transition of cardiomyocyte hyperplasia towards cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy by virtue of its targetome. In line, gene delivery of miR-106b~25 to the mouse heart provokes cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting a network of negative cell cycle regulators including E2f5, Cdkn1c, Ccne1 and Wee1. Conversely, gene-targeted miR-106b~25 null mice display spontaneous hypertrophic remodeling and exaggerated remodeling to overload by derepression of the prohypertrophic transcription factors Hand2 and Mef2d. Taking advantage of the regulatory function of miR-106b~25 on cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, viral gene delivery of miR-106b~25 provokes nearly complete regeneration of the adult myocardium after ischemic injury. Our data demonstrate that exploitation of conserved molecular programs can enhance the regenerative capacity of the injured heart.
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13
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Gladka MM, Kohela A, Molenaar B, Versteeg D, Kooijman L, Monshouwer-Kloots J, Kremer V, Vos HR, Huibers MMH, Haigh JJ, Huylebroeck D, Boon RA, Giacca M, van Rooij E. Cardiomyocytes stimulate angiogenesis after ischemic injury in a ZEB2-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33398012 PMCID: PMC7782784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption in blood supply due to myocardial infarction is a critical determinant for infarct size and subsequent deterioration in function. The identification of factors that enhance cardiac repair by the restoration of the vascular network is, therefore, of great significance. Here, we show that the transcription factor Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) is increased in stressed cardiomyocytes and induces a cardioprotective cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells to enhance angiogenesis after ischemia. Single-cell sequencing indicates ZEB2 to be enriched in injured cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ZEB2 results in impaired cardiac contractility and infarct healing post-myocardial infarction (post-MI), while cardiomyocyte-specific ZEB2 overexpression improves cardiomyocyte survival and cardiac function. We identified Thymosin β4 (TMSB4) and Prothymosin α (PTMA) as main paracrine factors released from cardiomyocytes to stimulate angiogenesis by enhancing endothelial cell migration, and whose regulation is validated in our in vivo models. Therapeutic delivery of ZEB2 to cardiomyocytes in the infarcted heart induces the expression of TMSB4 and PTMA, which enhances angiogenesis and prevents cardiac dysfunction. These findings reveal ZEB2 as a beneficial factor during ischemic injury, which may hold promise for the identification of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Gladka
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arwa Kohela
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Molenaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Kremer
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R Vos
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon M H Huibers
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activity and Inflammatory Implications in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure under Hypobaric Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176421. [PMID: 32899304 PMCID: PMC7503689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) triggers several mechanisms to compensate for the decrease in oxygen bioavailability. One of them is pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and its subsequent pulmonary arterial remodeling. These changes can lead to pulmonary hypertension and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), right heart failure (RHF) and, ultimately to death. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent molecular pathways involved in the above conditions under this type of hypobaric hypoxia, including oxidative stress, inflammation, protein kinases activation and fibrosis, and the current therapeutic approaches for these conditions. This review also includes the current knowledge of long-term chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Furthermore, this review highlights the signaling pathways related to oxidative stress (Nox-derived O2.- and H2O2), protein kinase (ERK5, p38α and PKCα) activation, inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-kB) and hypoxia condition (HIF-1α). On the other hand, recent therapeutic approaches have focused on abolishing hypoxia-induced RVH and RHF via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory (IL-1β, MCP-1, SDF-1 and CXCR-4) pathways through phytotherapy and pharmacological trials. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary.
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15
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Cashman JR. Small Molecule Regulation of Stem Cells that Generate Bone, Chondrocyte, and Cardiac Cells. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2344-2361. [PMID: 32819246 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200820143912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells (SCs) that can self-renew and differentiate into a myriad of cell types. The process of developing stemness is determined by signaling molecules that drive stem cells to a specific lineage. For example, ESCs can differentiate into mature cells (e.g., cardiomyocytes) and mature cardiomyocytes can be characterized for cell beating, action potential, and ion channel function. A goal of this Perspective is to show how small molecules can be used to differentiate ESCs into cardiomyocytes and how this can reveal novel aspects of SC biology. This approach can also lead to the discovery of new molecules of use in cardiovascular disease. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) afford the ability to produce unlimited numbers of normal human cells. The creation of patient-specific hiPSCs provides an opportunity to study cell models of human disease. The second goal is to show that small molecules can stimulate hiPSC commitment to cardiomyocytes. How iPSCs can be used in an approach to discover new molecules of use in cardiovascular disease will also be shown in this study. Adult SCs, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can likewise participate in self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes. A third goal of this Perspective is to describe differentiation of MSCs into chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Small molecules can stimulate MSCs to specific cell fate both in vitro and in vivo. In this Perspective, some recent examples of applying small molecules for osteogenic and chondrogenic cell fate determination are summarized. Underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved are described. Small molecule-based modulation of stem cells shows insight into cell regulation and potential approaches to therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Cashman
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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16
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Sakamoto T, Matsuura TR, Wan S, Ryba DM, Kim J, Won KJ, Lai L, Petucci C, Petrenko N, Musunuru K, Vega RB, Kelly DP. A Critical Role for Estrogen-Related Receptor Signaling in Cardiac Maturation. Circ Res 2020; 126:1685-1702. [PMID: 32212902 PMCID: PMC7274895 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The heart undergoes dramatic developmental changes during the prenatal to postnatal transition, including maturation of cardiac myocyte energy metabolic and contractile machinery. Delineation of the mechanisms involved in cardiac postnatal development could provide new insight into the fetal shifts that occur in the diseased heart and unveil strategies for driving maturation of stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes. OBJECTIVE To delineate transcriptional drivers of cardiac maturation. METHODS AND RESULTS We hypothesized that ERR (estrogen-related receptor) α and γ, known transcriptional regulators of postnatal mitochondrial biogenesis and function, serve a role in the broader cardiac maturation program. We devised a strategy to knockdown the expression of ERRα and γ in heart after birth (pn-csERRα/γ [postnatal cardiac-specific ERRα/γ]) in mice. With high levels of knockdown, pn-csERRα/γ knockdown mice exhibited cardiomyopathy with an arrest in mitochondrial maturation. RNA sequence analysis of pn-csERRα/γ knockdown hearts at 5 weeks of age combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation with deep sequencing and functional characterization conducted in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CM) demonstrated that ERRγ activates transcription of genes involved in virtually all aspects of postnatal developmental maturation, including mitochondrial energy transduction, contractile function, and ion transport. In addition, ERRγ was found to suppress genes involved in fibroblast activation in hearts of pn-csERRα/γ knockdown mice. Disruption of Esrra and Esrrg in mice during fetal development resulted in perinatal lethality associated with structural and genomic evidence of an arrest in cardiac maturation, including persistent expression of early developmental and noncardiac lineage gene markers including cardiac fibroblast signatures. Lastly, targeted deletion of ESRRA and ESRRG in hiPSC-CM derepressed expression of early (transcription factor 21 or TCF21) and mature (periostin, collagen type III) fibroblast gene signatures. CONCLUSIONS ERRα and γ are critical regulators of cardiac myocyte maturation, serving as transcriptional activators of adult cardiac metabolic and structural genes, an.d suppressors of noncardiac lineages including fibroblast determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shibiao Wan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Dept. Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | | | - Junil Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Dept. Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyoung Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Dept. Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Rick B. Vega
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
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17
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Wu Y, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhu H, Mai W, Huang X, Huang Y. Multiple Roles of sFRP2 in Cardiac Development and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:730-738. [PMID: 32071544 PMCID: PMC7019133 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays important roles in organ development and disease processes. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), a vital molecule of Wnt signaling, can regulate cardiac development and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have suggested that sFRP2 is not only an antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but also has a more complex relationship in myocardial fibrosis, angiogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac regeneration. Here, we review the role of sFRP2 and Wnt signaling in cardiac development and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazi Road 1 Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazi Road 1 Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, China
| | - Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazi Road 1 Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, China
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazi Road 1 Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, China
| | - Weiyi Mai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazi Road 1 Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazi Road 1 Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528308, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, NSW 2042 Australia
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18
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Abstract
Developmental signaling pathways control a vast array of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult life. The WNT pathway was discovered simultaneously in cancer and development. Recent advances have expanded the role of WNT to a wide range of pathologies in humans. Here, we discuss the WNT pathway and its role in human disease and some of the advances in WNT-related treatments.
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19
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Han X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fan X, Ai S, Luo Y, Li X, Jin H, Luo S, Zheng H, Yue Y, Chang Z, Yang Z, Tang F, He A, Shen X. The lncRNA Hand2os1/ Uph locus orchestrates heart development through regulation of precise expression of Hand2. Development 2019; 146:146/13/dev176198. [PMID: 31273086 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploration and dissection of potential actions and effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in animals remain challenging. Here, using multiple knockout mouse models and single cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that the divergent lncRNA Hand2os1/Uph has a key complex modulatory effect on the expression of its neighboring gene HAND2 and subsequently on heart development and function. Short deletion of the Hand2os1 promoter in mouse diminishes Hand2os1 transcription to ∼8-32%, but fails to affect HAND2 expression and yields no discernable heart phenotypes. Interestingly, full-length deletion of Hand2os1 in mouse causes moderate yet prevalent upregulation of HAND2 in hundreds of cardiac cells, leading to profound biological consequences, including dysregulated cardiac gene programs, congenital heart defects and perinatal lethality. We propose that the Hand2os1 locus dampens HAND2 expression to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation, thereby orchestrating a balanced development of cardiac cell lineages. This study highlights the regulatory complexity of the lncRNA Hand2os1 on HAND2 expression, emphasizing the need for complementary genetic and single cell approaches to delineate the function and primary molecular effects of an lncRNA in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Ai
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hengwei Jin
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Sai Luo
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zai Chang
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aibin He
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Di Mauro V, Crasto S, Colombo FS, Di Pasquale E, Catalucci D. Wnt signalling mediates miR-133a nuclear re-localization for the transcriptional control of Dnmt3b in cardiac cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9320. [PMID: 31249372 PMCID: PMC6597717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-133a is a muscle-enriched miRNA, which plays a key role for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle function via regulation of transduction cascades, including the Wnt signalling. MiR-133a modulates its targets via canonical mRNA repression, a process that has been largely demonstrated to occur within the cytoplasm. However, recent evidence has shown that miRNAs play additional roles in other sub-cellular compartments, such as nuclei. Here, we show that miR-133a translocates to the nucleus of cardiac cells following inactivation of the canonical Wnt pathway. The nuclear miR-133a/AGO2 complex binds to a complementary miR-133a target site within the promoter of the de novo DNA methyltransferase 3B (Dnmt3b) gene, leading to its transcriptional repression, which is mediated by DNMT3B itself. Altogether, these data show an unconventional role of miR-133a that upon its relocalization to the nucleus is responsible for epigenetic repression of its target gene Dnmt3b via a DNMT3B self-regulatory negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Di Mauro
- University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Crasto
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Matsuhashi T, Endo J, Katsumata Y, Yamamoto T, Shimizu N, Yoshikawa N, Kataoka M, Isobe S, Moriyama H, Goto S, Fukuda K, Tanaka H, Sano M. Pressure overload inhibits glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity in cardiomyocytes and promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:122-130. [PMID: 30946837 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. However, the role of GR in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in response to pressure overload remains unclear. Cardiomyocyte-specific GR knockout (GRcKO) mice, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) knockout (MRcKO), and GR and MR double KO (GRMRdcKO) mice were generated using the Cre-lox system. In response to pressure overload, GRcKO mice displayed worse cardiac remodeling compared to control (GRf/f) mice, including a greater increase in heart weight to body weight ratio with a greater increase in cardiomyocytes size, a greater decline in left ventricular contractility, and higher reactivation of fetal genes. MRcKO mice showed a comparable degree of cardiac remodeling compared to control (MRf/f) mice. The worse cardiac remodeling in pressure overloaded GRcKO mice is not due to compensatory activation of cardiomyocyte MR, since pressure overloaded GRMRdcKO mice displayed cardiac remodeling to the same extent as GRcKO mice. Pressure overload suppressed GR-target gene expression in the heart. Although plasma corticosterone levels and subcellular localization of GR (nuclear/cytoplasmic GR) were not changed, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that GR recruitment onto the promoter of GR-target genes was significantly suppressed in response to pressure overload. Rescue of the expression of GR-target genes to the same extent as sham-operated hearts attenuated adverse cardiac remodeling in pressure-overloaded hearts. Thus, GR works as a repressor of adverse cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload, but GR-mediated transcription is suppressed under pressure overload. Therapies that maintain GR-mediated transcription in cardiomyocytes under pressure overload can be a promising therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsunehisa Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shimizu
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritada Yoshikawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarasa Isobe
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Moriyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Luo M, Chen PP, Yang L, Wang P, Lu YL, Shi FG, Gao Y, Xu SF, Gong QH, Xu RX, Deng J. Sodium ferulate inhibits myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal coarctation in rats: Involvement of cardiac PKC and MAPK signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108735. [PMID: 30970525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium ferulate (SF) is the sodium salt of ferulic acid which is an active ingredient of Radix Angelica Sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong hort. Here, we investigated SF inhibition in a rat model of myocardial hypertrophy induced by coarctation of the abdominal aorta. Following coarctation, rats were given SF (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day) for 25 consecutive days. We characterized myocardial hypertrophy using myocardial hypertrophic parameters, histopathology, and gene expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) -a gene related to myocardial hypertrophy. We detected the levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), protein kinase C beta (PKC-β), Raf-1, extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in myocardium. Notably, coarctation of the abdominal aorta increases myocardial hypertrophic parameters, cardiac myocyte diameter, the concentration of Ang II and ET-1 in myocardium, and gene expression of ANF. SF significantly ameliorates myocardial hypertrophy caused by coarctation of the abdominal aorta; reduces concentrations of Ang II and ET-1; suppresses the overexpression of ANF, PKC-β, Raf-1, and ERK1/2; and increases the expression of MKP-1. These results indicate that SF alleviates myocardial hypertrophy induced by coarctation of the abdominal aorta, and these protective effects could be related to the inhibition of PKC and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China; The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563006, China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Yan-Liu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Fu-Guo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
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23
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Zhu L, Li C, Liu Q, Xu W, Zhou X. Molecular biomarkers in cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:1671-1677. [PMID: 30648807 PMCID: PMC6378174 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocyte size in the absence of cell division. This condition is thought to be an adaptive response to cardiac wall stress resulting from the enhanced cardiac afterload. The pathogenesis of heart dysfunction, which is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people, is often associated with myocardial remodelling caused by cardiac hypertrophy. In order to well understand the potential mechanisms, we described the molecules involved in the development and progression of myocardial hypertrophy. Increasing evidence has indicated that micro‐RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, molecular biomarkers including vascular endothelial growth factor B, NAD‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin‐3, growth/differentiation factor 15 and glycoprotein 130, also play important roles in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Knowing the regulatory mechanisms of these biomarkers in the heart may help identify new molecular targets for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Marino F, Scalise M, Cianflone E, Mancuso T, Aquila I, Agosti V, Torella M, Paolino D, Mollace V, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Role of c-Kit in Myocardial Regeneration and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:371. [PMID: 31275242 PMCID: PMC6593054 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Kit, a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is involved in multiple intracellular signaling whereby it is mainly considered a stem cell factor receptor, which participates in vital functions of the mammalian body, including the human. Furthermore, c-kit is a necessary yet not sufficient marker to detect and isolate several types of tissue-specific adult stem cells. Accordingly, c-kit was initially used as a marker to identify and enrich for adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs) that were proven to be clonogenic, self-renewing and multipotent, being able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in vitro as well as in vivo after myocardial injury. Afterwards it was demonstrated that c-kit expression labels a heterogenous cardiac cell population, which is mainly composed by endothelial cells while only a very small fraction represents CSCs. Furthermore, c-kit as a signaling molecule is expressed at different levels in this heterogenous c-kit labeled cardiac cell pool, whereby c-kit low expressers are enriched for CSCs while c-kit high expressers are endothelial and mast cells. This heterogeneity in cell composition and expression levels has been neglected in recent genetic fate map studies focusing on c-kit, which have claimed that c-kit identifies cells with robust endothelial differentiation potential but with minimal if not negligible myogenic commitment potential. However, modification of c-kit gene for Cre Recombinase expression in these Cre/Lox genetic fate map mouse models produced a detrimental c-kit haploinsufficiency that prevents efficient labeling of true CSCs on one hand while affecting the regenerative potential of these cells on the other. Interestingly, c-kit haploinsufficiency in c-kit-deficient mice causes a worsening myocardial repair after injury and accelerates cardiac aging. Therefore, these studies have further demonstrated that adult c-kit-labeled CSCs are robustly myogenic and that the adult myocardium relies on c-kit expression to regenerate after injury and to counteract aging effects on cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Marino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center on Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valter Agosti
- Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS) of Genomics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center on Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- StemCell OpCo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Torella
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25
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Scalise M, Marino F, Cianflone E, Mancuso T, Marotta P, Aquila I, Torella M, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Heterogeneity of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:141-178. [PMID: 31487023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac biology and heart regeneration have been intensively investigated and debated in the last 15 years. Nowadays, the well-established and old dogma that the adult heart lacks of any myocyte-regenerative capacity has been firmly overturned by the evidence of cardiomyocyte renewal throughout the mammalian life as part of normal organ cell homeostasis, which is increased in response to injury. Concurrently, reproducible evidences from independent laboratories have convincingly shown that the adult heart possesses a pool of multipotent cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs or CPCs) capable of sustaining cardiomyocyte and vascular tissue refreshment after injury. CSC transplantation in animal models displays an effective regenerative potential and may be helpful to treat chronic heart failure (CHF), obviating at the poor/modest results using non-cardiac cells in clinical trials. Nevertheless, the degree/significance of cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart, which is insufficient to regenerate extensive damage from ischemic and non-ischemic origin, remains strongly disputed. Concurrently, different methodologies used to detect CSCs in situ have created the paradox of the adult heart harboring more than seven different cardiac progenitor populations. The latter was likely secondary to the intrinsic heterogeneity of any regenerative cell agent in an adult tissue but also to the confusion created by the heterogeneity of the cell population identified by a single cell marker used to detect the CSCs in situ. On the other hand, some recent studies using genetic fate mapping strategies claimed that CSCs are an irrelevant endogenous source of new cardiomyocytes in the adult. On the basis of these contradictory findings, here we critically reviewed the available data on adult CSC biology and their role in myocardial cell homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
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26
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Tappia PS, Ramjiawan B. Developmental origins of myocardial abnormalities in postnatal life 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:457-462. [PMID: 30398906 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor quality and quantity maternal nutrition during pregnancy exerts permanent and damaging effects on the heart of the developing fetus. The developmental origin of adult heart disease is considered an important and critical factor in the pathogenesis of myocardial abnormalities in later life. Low birth mass, a marker of intrauterine stress, has been linked to a predisposition to heart disease. In this article, our work on the impact of exposure to a low-protein diet, in utero, on the developing heart and its long-term consequences are discussed. Other studies providing some supportive evidence are also described. It is proposed that normal fetal nutrition, growth, and development through efficient maternal nutrition (as well as other predisposing factors) before and during pregnancy may serve as a strategy for the primary prevention of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Bram Ramjiawan
- Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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27
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Oda T, Yamamoto T, Kato T, Uchinoumi H, Fukui G, Hamada Y, Nanno T, Ishiguchi H, Nakamura Y, Okamoto Y, Kono M, Okuda S, Kobayashi S, Bers DM, Yano M. Nuclear translocation of calmodulin in pathological cardiac hypertrophy originates from ryanodine receptor bound calmodulin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:87-97. [PMID: 30359562 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes Calmodulin (CaM) bound to the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) constitutes a large pool of total myocyte CaM, but the CaM-RyR2 affinity is reduced in pathological conditions. Knock-in mice expressing RyR2 unable to bind CaM also developed hypertrophy and early death. However, it is unknown whether CaM released from this RyR2-bound pool participates in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. We found that angiotensin II (AngII) or phenylephrine (PE) both cause CaM to dissociate from the RyR2 and translocate to the nucleus. To test whether this nuclear CaM accumulation depends on CaM released from RyR2, we enhanced CaM-RyR2 binding affinity (with dantrolene), or caused CaM dissociation from RyR2 (using suramin). Dantrolene dramatically reduced AngII- and PE-induced nuclear CaM accumulation. Conversely, suramin enhanced nuclear CaM accumulation. This is consistent with nuclear CaM accumulation coming largely from the CaM-RyR2 pool. CaM lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS), but G-protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) binds CaM, has a NLS and translocates like CaM in response to AngII or PE. Suramin also promoted GRK5 nuclear import, and caused nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). Dantrolene prevented these effects. After 2-8 weeks of pressure overload (TAC) CaM binding to RyR2 was reduced, nuclear CaM and GRK5 were both elevated and there was enhanced nuclear export of HDAC5. Stress (acute AngII or TAC) causes CaM dissociation from RyR2 and translocation to the nucleus with GRK5 with parallel HDAC5 nuclear export. Thus CaM dissociation from RyR2 may be an important step in driving pathological hypertrophic gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Go Fukui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoriomi Hamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuma Nanno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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28
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Shifts in ovine cardiopulmonary microRNA expression in late gestation and the perinatal period. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204038. [PMID: 30231073 PMCID: PMC6145571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important contributors to the regulation of early fetal cardiopulmonary development. However, miRNA expression profiles during late gestation and the early neonatal period are not fully elaborated in large mammals such as sheep (ovis aries). The aim of this study was to sequence miRNA from cardiopulmonary tissues in late gestation and neonate sheep to identify changes in miRNA expression. Methods Illumina HiSeq next-generation deep sequencing (NGS) was performed on ovine tissues from the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV), lungs and pulmonary artery (PA) of preterm fetuses (128 days), near-term fetuses (140 days) (term = 148 days) and neonatal lambs (5 days). NGS reads were mapped to the sheep genome (OviAri) and published miRNA sequences. Results Of 1345 cardiopulmonary miRNAs that were sequenced, relatively few major shifts in miRNA expression were detected with increased age from near term to neonates, and were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR: bta-miR-146a (lung), bta-miR-22-3p (lung, LV), hsa-miR-335* (lung, PA), and miR-210 (lung, PA, LV). Conclusions Sequencing of miRNA led to identification of four predominant miRNA in ovine cardiopulmonary tissues which alter expression during late gestation and the early neonatal period, concurrent with important functional changes in heart and lungs.
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29
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Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D, De Angelis A, Rossi F. Monographic issue of pharmacological research on adult myocardial repair/regeneration. Pharmacol Res 2018; 127:1-3. [PMID: 29279193 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy, Italy.
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, 80121, Italy, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, 80121, Italy, Italy.
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30
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Kugathasan K, Halford MM, Farlie PG, Bates D, Smith DP, Zhang YF, Roy JP, Macheda ML, Zhang D, Wilkinson JL, Kirby ML, Newgreen DF, Stacker SA. Deficiency of the Wnt receptor Ryk causes multiple cardiac and outflow tract defects. Growth Factors 2018; 36:58-68. [PMID: 30035654 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1491848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ryk is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of proteins that control and regulate cellular processes. It is distinguished by binding Wnt ligands and having no detectable intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity suggesting Ryk is a pseudokinase. Here, we show an essential role for Ryk in directing morphogenetic events required for normal cardiac development through the examination of Ryk-deficient mice. We employed vascular corrosion casting, vascular perfusion with contrast dye, and immunohistochemistry to characterize cardiovascular and pharyngeal defects in Ryk-/- embryos. Ryk-/- mice exhibit a variety of malformations of the heart and outflow tract that resemble human congenital heart defects. This included stenosis and interruption of the aortic arch, ventriculoarterial malalignment, ventricular septal defects and abnormal pharyngeal arch artery remodelling. This study therefore defines a key intersection between a subset of growth factor receptors involved in planar cell polarity signalling, the Wnt family and mammalian cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudhini Kugathasan
- a Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
- b Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Michael M Halford
- a Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
- c Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Peter G Farlie
- d Craniofacial Development Laboratory , Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
| | - Damien Bates
- e Embryology Research Group , Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
| | - Darrin P Smith
- a Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - You Fang Zhang
- a Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
- c Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - James P Roy
- c Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- f Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Maria L Macheda
- a Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
- c Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Dong Zhang
- e Embryology Research Group , Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
| | - James L Wilkinson
- e Embryology Research Group , Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
| | - Margaret L Kirby
- g The Neonatal Perinatal Research Institute, Division of Neonatology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- e Embryology Research Group , Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
- b Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
- c Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- f Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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31
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The impact of growth factors on human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Life Sci 2018; 196:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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32
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Serpooshan V, Liu YH, Buikema JW, Galdos FX, Chirikian O, Paige S, Venkatraman S, Kumar A, Rawnsley DR, Huang X, Pijnappels DA, Wu SM. Nkx2.5+ Cardiomyoblasts Contribute to Cardiomyogenesis in the Neonatal Heart. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12590. [PMID: 28974782 PMCID: PMC5626718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During normal lifespan, the mammalian heart undergoes limited renewal of cardiomyocytes. While the exact mechanism for this renewal remains unclear, two possibilities have been proposed: differentiated myocyte replication and progenitor/immature cell differentiation. This study aimed to characterize a population of cardiomyocyte precursors in the neonatal heart and to determine their requirement for cardiac development. By tracking the expression of an embryonic Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer, we identified cardiomyoblasts capable of differentiation into striated cardiomyocytes in vitro. Genome-wide expression profile of neonatal Nkx2.5+ cardiomyoblasts showed the absence of sarcomeric gene and the presence of cardiac transcription factors. To determine the lineage contribution of the Nkx2.5+ cardiomyoblasts, we generated a doxycycline suppressible Cre transgenic mouse under the regulation of the Nkx2.5 enhancer and showed that neonatal Nkx2.5+ cardiomyoblasts mature into cardiomyocytes in vivo. Ablation of neonatal cardiomyoblasts resulted in ventricular hypertrophy and dilation, supporting a functional requirement of the Nkx2.5+ cardiomyoblasts. This study provides direct lineage tracing evidence that a cardiomyoblast population contributes to cardiogenesis in the neonatal heart. The cell population identified here may serve as a promising therapeutic for pediatric cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan-Hung Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Section of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco X Galdos
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Orlando Chirikian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Paige
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Venkatraman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Anusha Kumar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David R Rawnsley
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Wang D, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang K, Wu X, Li Z, Zhao C, Li L, Peng L. Impact of miR-26b on cardiomyocyte differentiation in P19 cells through regulating canonical/non-canonical Wnt signalling. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28810055 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The control of cardiomyocyte differentiation is tightly linked to microRNAs (miRNAs), which have been emerging as important players in heart development. However, the regulation mechanisms mediated by miRNAs in early heart development remains speculative. Here, we evaluated the impact of miR-26b during the progression of cardiomyocyte differentiation from the P19 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The overexpression of miR-26b in P19 cells was performed by transduction with lentivirus vector. The levels of cardiac-related genes during P19 cell differentiation were detected using quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA abundance and Western blots for protein expression. ICG-001 was applied to elucidate the role of β-catenin on P19 cells differentiation. The Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to monitor the cell proliferation. The target genes of miR-26b were validated using the dual luciferase reporter system. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-26b upregulates the expression level of cardiomyocyte-related genes such as Gata4, cTNT, α-MHC and α-Actinin that comprehensively represent cardiomyocyte differentiation by effecting Wnt5a signalling and Gsk3β activity. However, ICG-001 blocks the differentiation along with inhibition of the cell proliferation. In addition, miR-26b also regulates CyclinD1 to promote P19 cell proliferation, thereby, demonstrating the rapid aggregation and differentiation programming of these cells into cardiomyocytic types. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that miR-26b exerts a role on promoting cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 cells by controlling the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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34
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Novel large-particle FACS purification of adult ventricular myocytes reveals accumulation of myosin and actin disproportionate to cell size and proteome in normal post-weaning development. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 111:114-122. [PMID: 28780067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantifying cellular proteins in ventricular myocytes (MCs) is challenging due to tissue heterogeneity and the variety of cell sizes in the heart. In post-weaning cardiac ontogeny, rod-shaped MCs make up the majority of the cardiac mass while remaining a minority of cardiac cells in number. Current biochemical analyses of cardiac proteins do not correlate well the content of MC-specific proteins to cell type or size in normally developing tissue. OBJECTIVE To develop a new large-particle fluorescent-activated cell sorting (LP-FACS) strategy for the purification of adult rod-shaped MCs. This approach is developed to enable growth-scaled measurements per-cell of the MC proteome and sarcomeric proteins (i.e. myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and alpha-actin (α-actin)) content. METHODS AND RESULTS Individual cardiac cells were isolated from 21 to 94days old mice. An LP-FACS jet-in-air system with a 200-μm nozzle was defined for the first time to purify adult MCs. Cell-type specific immunophenotyping and sorting yielded ≥95% purity of adult MCs independently of cell morphology and size. This approach excluded other cell types and tissue contaminants from further analysis. MC proteome, MyHC and α-actin proteins were measured in linear biochemical assays normalized to cell numbers. Using the allometric coefficient α, we scaled the MC-specific rate of protein accumulation to growth post-weaning. MC-specific volumes (α=1.02) and global protein accumulation (α=0.94) were proportional (i.e. isometric) to body mass. In contrast, MyHC and α-actin accumulated at a much greater rate (i.e. hyperallometric) than body mass (α=1.79 and 2.19 respectively) and MC volumes (α=1.76 and 1.45 respectively). CONCLUSION Changes in MC proteome and cell volumes measured in LP-FACS purified MCs are proportional to body mass post-weaning. Oppositely, MyHC and α-actin are concentrated more rapidly than what would be expected from MC proteome accumulation, cell enlargement, or animal growth alone. LP-FACS provides a new standard for adult MC purification and an approach to scale the biochemical content of specific proteins or group of proteins per cell in enlarging MCs.
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35
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Maskell LJ, Qamar K, Babakr AA, Hawkins TA, Heads RJ, Budhram-Mahadeo VS. Essential but partially redundant roles for POU4F1/Brn-3a and POU4F2/Brn-3b transcription factors in the developing heart. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2861. [PMID: 28594399 PMCID: PMC5520879 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects contribute to embryonic or neonatal lethality but due to the complexity of cardiac development, the molecular changes associated with such defects are not fully understood. Here, we report that transcription factors (TFs) Brn-3a (POU4F1) and Brn-3b (POU4F2) are important for normal cardiac development. Brn-3a directly represses Brn-3b promoter in cardiomyocytes and consequently Brn-3a knockout (KO) mutant hearts express increased Brn-3b mRNA during mid-gestation, which is linked to hyperplastic growth associated with elevated cyclin D1, a known Brn-3b target gene. However, during late gestation, Brn-3b can cooperate with p53 to enhance transcription of pro-apoptotic genes e.g. Bax, thereby increasing apoptosis and contribute to morphological defects such as non-compaction, ventricular wall/septal thinning and increased crypts/fissures, which may cause lethality of Brn-3a KO mutants soon after birth. Despite this, early embryonic lethality in e9.5 double KO (Brn-3a-/- : Brn-3b-/-) mutants indicate essential functions with partial redundancy during early embryogenesis. High conservation between mammals and zebrafish (ZF) Brn-3b (87%) or Brn-3a (76%) facilitated use of ZF embryos to study potential roles in developing heart. Double morphant embryos targeted with morpholino oligonucleotides to both TFs develop significant cardiac defects (looping abnormalities and valve defects) suggesting essential roles for Brn-3a and Brn-3b in developing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Maskell
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Kashif Qamar
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Aram A Babakr
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Division of Biosciences, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Richard J Heads
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vishwanie S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
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36
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Hoelscher SC, Doppler SA, Dreßen M, Lahm H, Lange R, Krane M. MicroRNAs: pleiotropic players in congenital heart disease and regeneration. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S64-S81. [PMID: 28446969 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of infant death, affecting approximately 4-14 live births per 1,000. Although surgical techniques and interventions have improved significantly, a large number of infants still face poor clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to coordinately regulate cardiac development and stimulate pathological processes in the heart, including fibrosis or hypertrophy and impair angiogenesis. Dysregulation of these regulators could therefore contribute (I) to the initial development of CHD and (II) at least partially to the observed clinical outcomes of many CHD patients by stimulating the aforementioned pathways. Thus, miRs may exhibit great potential as therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. In this review we provide an overview of miR function and elucidate their role in selected CHDs, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We then bridge this knowledge to the potential usefulness of miRs and/or their targets in therapeutic strategies for regenerative purposes in CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hoelscher
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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37
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Pandey A, Ekka MK, Ranjan S, Maiti S, Sachidanandan C. Teratogenic, cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic properties of related ionic liquids reveal the biological importance of anionic components. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole organism assays in zebrafish reveal novel biological activities of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mary Krishna Ekka
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Shashi Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi 110025
- India
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38
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Li J, Liu Y, Jin Y, Wang R, Wang J, Lu S, VanBuren V, Dostal DE, Zhang SL, Peng X. Essential role of Cdc42 in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cell-cell adhesion during heart development. Dev Biol 2016; 421:271-283. [PMID: 27986432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family and functions as a molecular switch in regulating cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival. However, the role of Cdc42 in heart development remains largely unknown. To determine the function of Cdc42 in heart formation, we have generated a Cdc42 cardiomyocyte knockout (CCKO) mouse line by crossing Cdc42 flox mice with myosin light chain (MLC) 2a-Cre mice. The inactivation of Cdc42 in embryonic cardiomyocytes induced lethality after embryonic day 12.5. Histological analysis of CCKO embryos showed cardiac developmental defects that included thin ventricular walls and ventricular septum defects. Microarray and real-time PCR data also revealed that the expression level of p21 was significantly increased and cyclin B1 was dramatically decreased, suggesting that Cdc42 is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation. Phosphorylated Histone H3 staining confirmed that the inactivation of Cdc42 inhibited cardiomyocytes proliferation. In addition, transmission electron microscope studies showed disorganized sarcomere structure and disruption of cell-cell contact among cardiomyocytes in CCKO hearts. Accordingly, we found that the distribution of N-cadherin/β-Catenin in CCKO cardiomyocytes was impaired. Taken together, our data indicate that Cdc42 is essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation, sarcomere organization and cell-cell adhesion during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Li
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Yixin Jin
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA; Department of Cardiology, Yangpu District Central Hospital, Tongji University, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Sarah Lu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Vincent VanBuren
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - David E Dostal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Shenyuan L Zhang
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA.
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA.
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39
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Thienpont B, Aronsen JM, Robinson EL, Okkenhaug H, Loche E, Ferrini A, Brien P, Alkass K, Tomasso A, Agrawal A, Bergmann O, Sjaastad I, Reik W, Roderick HL. The H3K9 dimethyltransferases EHMT1/2 protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:335-348. [PMID: 27893464 DOI: 10.1172/jci88353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophic growth in response to pathological cues is associated with reexpression of fetal genes and decreased cardiac function and is often a precursor to heart failure. In contrast, physiologically induced hypertrophy is adaptive, resulting in improved cardiac function. The processes that selectively induce these hypertrophic states are poorly understood. Here, we have profiled 2 repressive epigenetic marks, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, which are involved in stable cellular differentiation, specifically in cardiomyocytes from physiologically and pathologically hypertrophied rat hearts, and correlated these marks with their associated transcriptomes. This analysis revealed the pervasive loss of euchromatic H3K9me2 as a conserved feature of pathological hypertrophy that was associated with reexpression of fetal genes. In hypertrophy, H3K9me2 was reduced following a miR-217-mediated decrease in expression of the H3K9 dimethyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 (EHMT1/2). miR-217-mediated, genetic, or pharmacological inactivation of EHMT1/2 was sufficient to promote pathological hypertrophy and fetal gene reexpression, while suppression of this pathway protected against pathological hypertrophy both in vitro and in mice. Thus, we have established a conserved mechanism involving a departure of the cardiomyocyte epigenome from its adult cellular identity to a reprogrammed state that is accompanied by reexpression of fetal genes and pathological hypertrophy. These results suggest that targeting miR-217 and EHMT1/2 to prevent H3K9 methylation loss is a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart disease.
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40
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Frank S, Aguirre A, Hescheler J, Kurian L. A lncRNA Perspective into (Re)Building the Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:128. [PMID: 27882316 PMCID: PMC5101577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our conception of the human genome, long focused on the 2% that codes for proteins, has profoundly changed since its first draft assembly in 2001. Since then, an unanticipatedly expansive functionality and convolution has been attributed to the majority of the genome that is transcribed in a cell-type/context-specific manner into transcripts with no apparent protein coding ability. While the majority of these transcripts, currently annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are functionally uncharacterized, their prominent role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, especially in the context of the heart, is emerging. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest advances in understanding the relevance of lncRNAs in (re)building the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frank
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juergen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Leo Kurian
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of CologneCologne, Germany
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41
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Cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and mammals: lessons for human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1367-1378. [PMID: 27812722 PMCID: PMC5357290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes proliferate profusely during early development and for a brief period after birth in mammals. Within a month after birth, this proliferative capability is dramatically reduced in mammals unlike lower vertebrates where it persists into adult life. The zebrafish, for example, retains the ability to regenerate the apex of the heart following resection by a mechanism predominantly driven by cardiomyocyte proliferation. Differences in proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes in adulthood between mammals and lower vertebrates are closely liked to ontogenetic or phylogenetic factors. Elucidation of these factors has the potential to provide enormous benefits if they lead to the development of therapeutic strategies that facilitate cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this review, we highlight the differences between Mammalian and Zebrafish cardiomyocytes, which could explain at least in part the different proliferative capacities in these two species. We discuss the advantages of the zebrafish as a model of cardiomyocyte proliferation, particularly at the embryonic stage. We also identify a number of key molecular pathways with potential to reveal key steps in switching cardiomyocytes from a quiescent to a proliferative phenotype.
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42
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Franklin S, Kimball T, Rasmussen TL, Rosa-Garrido M, Chen H, Tran T, Miller MR, Gray R, Jiang S, Ren S, Wang Y, Tucker HO, Vondriska TM. The chromatin-binding protein Smyd1 restricts adult mammalian heart growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1234-H1247. [PMID: 27663768 PMCID: PMC5130490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00235.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
All terminally differentiated organs face two challenges, maintaining their cellular identity and restricting organ size. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these decisions are of critical importance to organismal development, and perturbations in their normal balance can lead to disease. A hallmark of heart failure, a condition affecting millions of people worldwide, is hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. The various forms of heart failure in human and animal models share conserved transcriptome remodeling events that lead to expression of genes normally silenced in the healthy adult heart. However, the chromatin remodeling events that maintain cell and organ size are incompletely understood; insights into these mechanisms could provide new targets for heart failure therapy. Using a quantitative proteomics approach to identify muscle-specific chromatin regulators in a mouse model of hypertrophy and heart failure, we identified upregulation of the histone methyltransferase Smyd1 during disease. Inducible loss-of-function studies in vivo demonstrate that Smyd1 is responsible for restricting growth in the adult heart, with its absence leading to cellular hypertrophy, organ remodeling, and fulminate heart failure. Molecular studies reveal Smyd1 to be a muscle-specific regulator of gene expression and indicate that Smyd1 modulates expression of gene isoforms whose expression is associated with cardiac pathology. Importantly, activation of Smyd1 can prevent pathological cell growth. These findings have basic implications for our understanding of cardiac pathologies and open new avenues to the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and failure by modulating Smyd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Franklin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Todd Kimball
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara L Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Texas
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haodong Chen
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tam Tran
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mickey R Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Ricardo Gray
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shanxi Jiang
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Texas
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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43
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Bloomekatz J, Galvez-Santisteban M, Chi NC. Myocardial plasticity: cardiac development, regeneration and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 40:120-130. [PMID: 27498024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is unable to recover from myocardial cell loss due to cardiac ischemia and infarction because terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes proliferate at a low rate. However, cardiomyocytes in other vertebrate animal models such as zebrafish, axolotls, newts and mammalian mouse neonates are capable of de-differentiating in order to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequent cardiac regeneration after injury. Although de-differentiation may occur in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, it is typically associated with diseased hearts and pathologic remodeling rather than repair and regeneration. Here, we review recent studies of cardiac development, regeneration and disease that highlight how changes in myocardial identity (plasticity) is regulated and impacts adaptive and maladaptive cardiac responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manuel Galvez-Santisteban
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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44
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Pasipoularides A. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Part 2-Morphomechanical Abnormalities, Gene Reexpression, and Gender Effects on Ventricular Hypertrophy and Its Reversibility. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:374-99. [PMID: 27184804 PMCID: PMC4992466 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In part 1, we considered cytomolecular mechanisms underlying calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), hemodynamics, and adaptive feedbacks controlling pathological left ventricular hypertrophy provoked by ensuing aortic valvular stenosis (AVS). In part 2, we survey diverse signal transduction pathways that precede cellular/molecular mechanisms controlling hypertrophic gene expression by activation of specific transcription factors that induce sarcomere replication in-parallel. Such signaling pathways represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention and prevention of decompensation/failure. Hypertrophy provoking signals, in the form of dynamic stresses and ligand/effector molecules that bind to specific receptors to initiate the hypertrophy, are transcribed across the sarcolemma by several second messengers. They comprise intricate feedback mechanisms involving gene network cascades, specific signaling molecules encompassing G protein-coupled receptors and mechanotransducers, and myocardial stresses. Future multidisciplinary studies will characterize the adaptive/maladaptive nature of the AVS-induced hypertrophy, its gender- and individual patient-dependent peculiarities, and its response to surgical/medical interventions. They will herald more effective, precision medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Pasipoularides
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke/NSF Research Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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45
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Shi H, Drummond CA, Fan X, Haller ST, Liu J, Malhotra D, Tian J. Hiding inside? Intracellular expression of non-glycosylated c-kit protein in cardiac progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:795-806. [PMID: 27161312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells including c-kit(+) cells and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) play important roles in cardiac repair and regeneration. CDCs were reported to contain only small subpopulations of c-kit(+) cells and recent publications suggested that depletion of the c-kit(+) subpopulation of cells has no effect on regenerative properties of CDCs. However, our current study showed that the vast majority of CDCs from murine heart actually express c-kit, albeit, in an intracellular and non-glycosylated form. Immunostaining and flow cytometry showed that the fluorescent signal indicative of c-kit immunostaining significantly increased when cell membranes were permeabilized. Western blots further demonstrated that glycosylation of c-kit was increased during endothelial differentiation in a time dependent manner. Glycosylation inhibition by 1-deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride (1-DMM) blocked c-kit glycosylation and reduced expression of endothelial cell markers such as Flk-1 and CD31 during differentiation. Pretreatment of these cells with a c-kit kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) also attenuated Flk-1 and CD31 expression. These results suggest that c-kit glycosylation and its kinase activity are likely needed for these cells to differentiate into an endothelial lineage. In vivo, we found that intracellular c-kit expressing cells are located in the wall of cardiac blood vessels in mice subjected to myocardial infarction. In summary, our work demonstrated for the first time that c-kit is not only expressed in CDCs but may also directly participate in CDC differentiation into an endothelial lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Westermeier F, Riquelme JA, Pavez M, Garrido V, Díaz A, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, García L, Lavandero S. New Molecular Insights of Insulin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27148064 PMCID: PMC4828458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Cardiovascular disorders generated as a consequence of T2DM are a major cause of death related to this disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the morphological, functional and metabolic changes in the heart produced as a complication of T2DM. This cardiac disorder is characterized by constant high blood glucose and lipids levels which eventually generate oxidative stress, defective calcium handling, altered mitochondrial function, inflammation and fibrosis. In this context, insulin is of paramount importance for cardiac contractility, growth and metabolism and therefore, an impaired insulin signaling plays a critical role in the DCM development. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to DCM are still a matter of study. Despite the numerous questions raised in the study of DCM, there have also been important findings, such as the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which can not only have the potential of being important biomarkers, but also therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomes also arise as an interesting variable to consider, since they represent an important inter-cellular communication mechanism and therefore, they may explain many aspects of the pathophysiology of DCM and their study may lead to the development of therapeutic agents capable of improving insulin signaling. In addition, adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) may also play an important role in DCM. Moreover, the possible cross-talk between insulin and ARs may provide new strategies to reverse its defective signaling in the diabetic heart. This review focuses on DCM, the role of insulin in this pathology and the discussion of new molecular insights which may help to understand its underlying mechanisms and generate possible new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Garrido
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Díaz
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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Wyles SP, Faustino RS, Li X, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Systems-based technologies in profiling the stem cell molecular framework for cardioregenerative medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:501-10. [PMID: 25218144 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, advancements in stem cell biology have yielded a variety of sources for stem cell-based cardiovascular investigation. Stem cell behavior, whether to maintain its stable state of pluripotency or to prime toward the cardiovascular lineage is governed by a set of coordinated interactions between epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational mechanisms. The science of incorporating genes (genomics), RNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics) data in a specific biological sample is known as systems biology. Integrating systems biology in progression with stem cell biologics can contribute to our knowledge of mechanisms that underlie pluripotency maintenance and guarantee fidelity of cardiac lineage specification. This review provides a brief summarization of OMICS-based strategies including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics used to understand stem cell fate and to outline molecular processes involved in heart development. Additionally, current efforts in cardioregeneration based on the "one-size-fits-all" principle limit the potential of individualized therapy in regenerative medicine. Here, we summarize recent studies that introduced systems biology into cardiovascular clinical outcomes analysis, allowing for predictive assessment for disease recurrence and patient-specific therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya P Wyles
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
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Crippa S, Nemir M, Ounzain S, Ibberson M, Berthonneche C, Sarre A, Boisset G, Maison D, Harshman K, Xenarios I, Diviani D, Schorderet D, Pedrazzini T. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the injured zebrafish and mouse hearts identifies miRNA-dependent repair pathways. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:73-84. [PMID: 26857418 PMCID: PMC4798047 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The adult mammalian heart has poor regenerative capacity. In contrast, the zebrafish heart retains a robust capacity for regeneration into adulthood. These distinct responses are consequences of a differential utilization of evolutionary-conserved gene regulatory networks in the damaged heart. To systematically identify miRNA-dependent networks controlling cardiac repair following injury, we performed comparative gene and miRNA profiling of the cardiac transcriptome in adult mice and zebrafish. Methods and results Using an integrated approach, we show that 45 miRNA-dependent networks, involved in critical biological pathways, are differentially modulated in the injured zebrafish vs. mouse hearts. We study, more particularly, the miR-26a-dependent response. Therefore, miR-26a is down-regulated in the fish heart after injury, whereas its expression remains constant in the mouse heart. Targets of miR-26a involve activators of the cell cycle and Ezh2, a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Importantly, PRC2 exerts repressive functions on negative regulators of the cell cycle. In cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, inhibition of miR-26a stimulates, therefore, cardiomyocyte proliferation. Accordingly, miR-26a knockdown prolongs the proliferative window of cardiomyocytes in the post-natal mouse heart. Conclusions This novel strategy identifies a series of miRNAs and associated pathways, in particular miR-26a, which represent attractive therapeutic targets for inducing repair in the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Samir Ounzain
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Berthonneche
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Sarre
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Boisset
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Damien Maison
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Keith Harshman
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Diviani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
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Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Jing J, Xiong S, Li Z, Wu J, Zhou L, Gui JF, Mei J. A feedback regulatory loop involving p53/miR-200 and growth hormone endocrine axis controls embryo size of zebrafish. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15906. [PMID: 26507500 PMCID: PMC4623745 DOI: 10.1038/srep15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis signaling plays a critical role in regulating somatic growth. Understanding the direct upstream regulators of GH/IGF axis remains a major challenge. Our studies of the zebrafish reveal that the conserved miR-200 family members are critical regulators of embryo size by targeting several GH/IGF axis genes, including GH, GHRa, GHRb and IGF2a. Overexpression of miR-200s led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced apoptotic responses during embryo development, thereby inhibiting somatic growth of zebrafish embryos. Intriguingly, GH induced expression of both p53 and miR-200s, and miR-200s is a potential p53 transcriptional target, thus forming a negative feedback loop. Significantly, the up-regulation of miR-200s associated with GH activation is abolished in embryos with p53 mutation. By integrating these studies, we conclude that p53/miR-200 and GH/IGF signaling pathway form a negative regulatory loop to control embryo size, that provide critical insights into the long-standing puzzle of how body growth is determined during early development of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuting Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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