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Wang Q, Guo Q, Shi Q, Yang H, Liu M, Niu Y, Quan S, Xu D, Chen X, Li L, Xu W, Kong F, Zhang H, Li P, Li B, Li G. Histological and single-nucleus transcriptome analyses reveal the specialized functions of ligular sclerenchyma cells and key regulators of leaf angle in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:920-934. [PMID: 38720461 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA) is a crucial factor that affects planting density and yield in maize. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying LA formation remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative histological analysis of the ligular region across various maize inbred lines and revealed that LA is significantly influenced by a two-step regulatory process involving initial cell elongation followed by subsequent lignification in the ligular adaxial sclerenchyma cells (SCs). Subsequently, we performed both bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, generated a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of the ligular region, and identified numerous genes enriched in the hypodermal cells that may influence their specialization into SCs. Furthermore, we functionally characterized two genes encoding atypical basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, bHLH30 and its homolog bHLH155, which are highly expressed in the elongated adaxial cells. Genetic analyses revealed that bHLH30 and bHLH155 positively regulate LA expansion, and molecular experiments demonstrated their ability to activate the transcription of genes involved in cell elongation and lignification of SCs. These findings highlight the specialized functions of ligular adaxial SCs in LA regulation by restricting further extension of ligular cells and enhancing mechanical strength. The transcriptomic atlas of the ligular region at single-nucleus resolution not only deepens our understanding of LA regulation but also enables identification of numerous potential targets for optimizing plant architecture in modern maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Qingbiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hengjia Yang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yani Niu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Shuxuan Quan
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Laiyi Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Wenchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Zhang W, Chen X, Yang K, Chang S, Zhang X, Liu M, Wu L, Xin M, Hu Z, Liu J, Peng H, Ni Z, Sun Q, Yao Y, Du J. Fine-mapping and validation of the major quantitative trait locus QFlANG-4B for flag leaf angle in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:121. [PMID: 38709317 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study precisely mapped and validated a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 4B for flag leaf angle in wheat. Flag leaf angle (FLANG) is closely related to crop architecture and yield. We previously identified the quantitative trait locus (QTL) QFLANG-4B for FLANG on chromosome 4B, located within a 14-cM interval flanked by the markers Xbarc20 and Xzyh357, using a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Nongda3331 (ND3331) and Zang1817. In this study, we fine-mapped QFLANG-4B and validated its associated genetic effect. We developed a BC3F3 population using ND3331 as the recurrent parent through marker-assisted selection, as well as near-isogenic lines (NILs) by selfing BC3F3 plants carrying different heterozygous segments for the QFLANG-4B region. We obtained eight recombinant types for QFLANG-4B, narrowing its location down to a 5.3-Mb region. This region contained 76 predicted genes, 7 of which we considered to be likely candidate genes for QFLANG-4B. Marker and phenotypic analyses of individual plants from the secondary mapping populations and their progeny revealed that the FLANG of the ND3331 allele is significantly higher than that of the Zang1817 allele in multiple environments. These results not only provide a basis for the map-based cloning of QFLANG-4B, but also indicate that QFLANG-4B has great potential for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs designed to improve plant architecture and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingde Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinkun Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zhou Y, Kusmec A, Schnable PS. Genetic regulation of self-organizing azimuthal canopy orientations and their impacts on light interception in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1600-1621. [PMID: 38252634 PMCID: PMC11062469 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of solar radiation interception contributes to the photosynthetic efficiency of crop plants. Light interception is a function of canopy architecture, including plant density; leaf number, length, width, and angle; and azimuthal canopy orientation. We report on the ability of some maize (Zea mays) genotypes to alter the orientations of their leaves during development in coordination with adjacent plants. Although the upper canopies of these genotypes retain the typical alternate-distichous phyllotaxy of maize, their leaves grow parallel to those of adjacent plants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on this parallel canopy trait identified candidate genes, many of which are associated with shade avoidance syndrome, including phytochromeC2. GWAS conducted on the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by canopies also identified multiple candidate genes, including liguleless1 (lg1), previously defined by its role in ligule development. Under high plant densities, mutants of shade avoidance syndrome and liguleless genes (lg1, lg2, and Lg3) exhibit altered canopy patterns, viz, the numbers of interrow leaves are greatly reduced as compared to those of nonmutant controls, resulting in dramatically decreased PAR interception. In at least the case of lg2, this phenotype is not a consequence of abnormal ligule development. Instead, liguleless gene functions are required for normal light responses, including azimuth canopy re-orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aaron Kusmec
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Jafari F, Wang B, Wang H, Zou J. Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:849-864. [PMID: 38131117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food, animal feed, and raw materials in industrial production. High-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize yield. However, high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height, resulting in lodging and yield loss. Reduced plant height and ear height, more erect leaf angle, reduced tassel branch number, earlier flowering, and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density planting. In this review, we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density planting. We also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
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Ji X, Gao Q, Zhuang Z, Chang F, Peng Y. WGCNA analysis of the effect of exogenous BR on leaf angle of maize mutant lpa1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5238. [PMID: 38433245 PMCID: PMC10909878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle, as one of the important agronomic traits of maize, can directly affect the planting density of maize, thereby affecting its yield. Here we used the ZmLPA1 gene mutant lpa1 to study maize leaf angle and found that the lpa1 leaf angle changed significantly under exogenous brassinosteroid (BR) treatment compared with WT (inbred line B73). Transcriptome sequencing of WT and lpa1 treated with different concentrations of exogenous BR showed that the differentially expressed genes were upregulated with auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid; Genes associated with abscisic acid are down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes in WT and lpa1 by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) yielded two gene modules associated with maize leaf angle change under exogenous BR treatment. The results provide a new theory for the regulation of maize leaf angle by lpa1 and exogenous BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhuo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiaohong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zelong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fangguo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yunling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Shen X, Xiao B, Kaderbek T, Lin Z, Tan K, Wu Q, Yuan L, Lai J, Zhao H, Song W. Dynamic transcriptome landscape of developing maize ear. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1856-1870. [PMID: 37731154 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed number and harvesting ability in maize (Zea mays L.) are primarily determined by the architecture of female inflorescence, namely the ear. Therefore, ear morphogenesis contributes to grain yield and as such is one of the key target traits during maize breeding. However, the molecular networks of this highly dynamic and complex grain-bearing inflorescence remain largely unclear. As a first step toward characterizing these networks, we performed a high-spatio-temporal-resolution investigation of transcriptomes using 130 ear samples collected from developing ears with length from 0.1 mm to 19.0 cm. Comparisons of these mRNA populations indicated that these spatio-temporal transcriptomes were clearly separated into four distinct stages stages I, II, III, and IV. A total of 23 793 genes including 1513 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in the investigated developing ears. During the stage I of ear morphogenesis, 425 genes were predicted to be involved in a co-expression network established by eight hub TFs. Moreover, 9714 ear-specific genes were identified in the seven kinds of meristems. Additionally, 527 genes including 59 TFs were identified as especially expressed in ear and displayed high temporal specificity. These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene activity during ear development and help to unravel the regulatory modules associated with the differentiation of the ear in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Tangnur Kaderbek
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
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Kuang T, Hu C, Shaw RK, Zhang Y, Fan J, Bi Y, Jiang F, Guo R, Fan X. A potential candidate gene associated with the angles of the ear leaf and the second leaf above the ear leaf in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:540. [PMID: 37924003 PMCID: PMC10625212 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf angle is a key trait for maize plant architecture that plays a significant role in its morphological development, and ultimately impacting maize grain yield. Although many studies have been conducted on the association and localization of genes regulating leaf angle in maize, most of the candidate genes identified are associated with the regulation of ligule-ear development and phytohormone pathways, and only a few candidate genes have been reported to enhance the mechanical strength of leaf midrib and vascular tissues. RESULTS To address this gap, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the leaf angle phenotype and genotyping-by-sequencing data generated from three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of maize. Through GWAS analysis, we identified 156 SNPs significantly associated with the leaf angle trait and detected a total of 68 candidate genes located within 10 kb upstream and downstream of these individual SNPs. Among these candidate genes, Zm00001d045408, located on chromosome 9 emerged as a key gene controlling the angles of both the ear leaf and the second leaf above the ear leaf. Notably, this new gene's homolog in Arabidopsis promotes cell division and vascular tissue development. Further analysis revealed that a SNP transversion (G/T) at 7.536 kb downstream of the candidate gene Zm00001d045408 may have caused a reduction in leaf angles of the ear and the second leaf above the ear leaf. Our analysis of the 10 kb region downstream of this candidate gene revealed a 4.337 kb solo long-terminal reverse transcription transposon (solo LTR), located 3.112 kb downstream of Zm00001d045408, with the SNP located 87 bp upstream of the solo LTR. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have identified a novel candidate gene, Zm00001d045408 and a solo LTR that are associated with the angles of both the ear leaf and the second leaf above the ear leaf. The future research holds great potential in exploring the precise role of newly identified candidate gene in leaf angle regulation. Functional characterization of this gene can help in gaining deeper insights into the complex genetic pathways underlying maize plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Kuang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Can Hu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ranjan Kumar Shaw
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaqi Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fuyan Jiang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ruijia Guo
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.
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8
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Neher WR, Rasmussen CG, Braybrook SA, Lažetić V, Stowers CE, Mooney PT, Sylvester AW, Springer PS. The maize preligule band is subdivided into distinct domains with contrasting cellular properties prior to ligule outgrowth. Development 2023; 150:dev201608. [PMID: 37539661 PMCID: PMC10629682 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The maize ligule is an epidermis-derived structure that arises from the preligule band (PLB) at a boundary between the blade and sheath. A hinge-like auricle also develops immediately distal to the ligule and contributes to blade angle. Here, we characterize the stages of PLB and early ligule development in terms of topography, cell area, division orientation, cell wall rigidity and auxin response dynamics. Differential thickening of epidermal cells and localized periclinal divisions contributed to the formation of a ridge within the PLB, which ultimately produces the ligule fringe. Patterns in cell wall rigidity were consistent with the subdivision of the PLB into two regions along a distinct line positioned at the nascent ridge. The proximal region produces the ligule, while the distal region contributes to one epidermal face of the auricles. Although the auxin transporter PIN1 accumulated in the PLB, observed differential auxin transcriptional response did not underlie the partitioning of the PLB. Our data demonstrate that two zones with contrasting cellular properties, the preligule and preauricle, are specified within the ligular region before ligule outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R. Neher
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Carolyn G. Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Siobhan A. Braybrook
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vladimir Lažetić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Claire E. Stowers
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Paul T. Mooney
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Anne W. Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Patricia S. Springer
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Xia A, Zheng L, Wang Z, Wang Q, Lu M, Cui Z, He Y. The RHW1-ZCN4 regulatory pathway confers natural variation of husk leaf width in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2367-2381. [PMID: 37403373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize husk leaf - the outer leafy layers covering the ear - modulates kernel yield and quality. Despite its importance, however, the genetic controls underlying husk leaf development remain elusive. Our previous genome-wide association study identified a single nucleotide polymorphism located in the gene RHW1 (Regulator of Husk leaf Width) that is significantly associated with husk leaf-width diversity in maize. Here, we further demonstrate that a polymorphic 18-bp InDel (insertion/deletion) variant in the 3' untranslated region of RHW1 alters its protein abundance and accounts for husk leaf width variation. RHW1 encodes a putative MYB-like transcriptional repressor. Disruption of RHW1 altered cell proliferation and resulted in a narrower husk leaf, whereas RHW1 overexpression yielded a wider husk leaf. RHW1 positively regulated the expression of ZCN4, a well-known TFL1-like protein involved in maize ear development. Dysfunction of ZCN4 reduced husk leaf width even in the context of RHW1 overexpression. The InDel variant in RHW1 is subject to selection and is associated with maize husk leaf adaption from tropical to temperate regions. Overall, our results identify that RHW1-ZCN4 regulates a pathway conferring husk leaf width variation at a very early stage of husk leaf development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Leiming Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, China
| | - Zhenhai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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10
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Ruidong S, Shijin H, Yuwei Q, Yimeng L, Xiaohang Z, Ying L, Xihang L, Mingyang D, Xiangling L, Fenghai L. Identification of QTLs and their candidate genes for the number of maize tassel branches in F 2 from two higher generation sister lines using QTL mapping and RNA-seq analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1202755. [PMID: 37641589 PMCID: PMC10460468 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1202755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tassel branch number is an important agronomic trait that is closely associated with maize kernels and yield. The regulation of genes associated with tassel branch development can provide a theoretical basis for analyzing tassel branch growth and improving maize yield. In this study. we used two high-generation sister maize lines, PCU (unbranched) and PCM (multiple-branched), to construct an F2 population comprising 190 individuals, which were genotyped and mapped using the Maize6H-60K single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Candidate genes associated with tassel development were subsequently identified by analyzing samples collected at three stages of tassel growth via RNA-seq. A total of 13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 22 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with tassel branch number (TBN) were identified, among which, two major QTLs, qTBN6.06-1 and qTBN6.06-2, on chromosome 6 were identified in two progeny populations, accounting for 15.07% to 37.64% of the phenotypic variation. Moreover, we identified 613 genes that were differentially expressed between PCU and PCM, which, according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, were enriched in amino acid metabolism and plant signal transduction pathways. Additionally, we established that the phytohormone content of Stage I tassels and the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA-glucose were higher in PCU than in PCM plants, whereas contrastingly, the levels of 5-deoxymonopolyl alcohol in PCM were higher than those in PCU. On the basis of these findings, we speculate that differences in TBN may be related to hormone content. Collectively, by combining QTL mapping and RNA-seq analysis, we identified five candidate genes associated with TBN. This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanism of tassel branch development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lv Xiangling
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Fenghai
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Qin L, Wu X, Zhao H. Molecular and functional dissection of LIGULELESS1 (LG1) in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1190004. [PMID: 37377813 PMCID: PMC10291273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1190004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is a culmination of the features necessary for capturing light energy and adapting to the environment. An ideal architecture can promote an increase in planting density, light penetration to the lower canopy, airflow as well as heat distribution to achieve an increase in crop yield. A number of plant architecture-related genes have been identified by map cloning, quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. LIGULELESS1 (LG1) belongs to the squamosa promoter-binding protein (SBP) family of transcription factors (TFs) that are key regulators for plant growth and development, especially leaf angle (LA) and flower development. The DRL1/2-LG1-RAVL pathway is involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling to regulate the LA in maize, which has facilitated the regulation of plant architecture. Therefore, exploring the gene regulatory functions of LG1, especially its relationship with LA genes, can help achieve the precise regulation of plant phenotypes adapted to varied environments, thereby increasing the yield. This review comprehensively summarizes the advances in LG1 research, including its effect on LA and flower development. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future research goals associate with LG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xintong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
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12
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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13
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Dai W, Yu H, Liu K, Chengxu Y, Yan J, Zhang C, Xi N, Liu H, Xiangchen C, Zou C, Zhang M, Gao S, Pan G, Ma L, Shen Y. Combined linkage mapping and association analysis uncovers candidate genes for 25 leaf-related traits across three environments in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:12. [PMID: 36662253 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Combined linkage and association analysis revealed five co-localized genetic loci across multiple environments. The key gene Zm00001d026491 was further verified to influence leaf length by candidate gene association analysis. Leaf morphology and number determine the canopy structure and thus affect crop yield. Herein, the genetic basis and key genes for 25 leaf-related traits, including leaf lengths (LL), leaf widths (LW), and leaf areas (LA) of eight continuous leaves under the tassel, and the number of leaves above the primary ear (LAE), were dissected by using an association panel and a biparental population. Using an intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) Syn10 doubled haploid (DH) population, 290 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits were detected across different locations, among which 115 QTL were individually repeatedly identified in at least two environments. Using the association panel, 165 unique significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with target traits (P < 2.15E-06), of which 35 were separately detected across multiple environments. In total, 42 pleiotropic QTL/SNPs (pQTL/SNPs) were responsible for at least two of the LL, LW, LA, and LAE traits across multiple environments. Combining the QTL mapping and association study, five unique SNPs were located within the confidence intervals of seven QTL, and 77 genes were identified based on the linkage disequilibrium regions of co-localized SNP loci. Gene-based association studies verified that the intragenic variants in the candidate gene Zm00001d026491 influenced LL of the third leaf counted from the top node. These findings will provide vital information to understanding the genetic basis of leaf-related traits and help to cultivate maize varieties with ideal plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujuan Chengxu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaquan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Na Xi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoyang Xiangchen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Langlang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yaou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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14
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Cao Y, Dou D, Zhang D, Zheng Y, Ren Z, Su H, Sun C, Hu X, Bao M, Zhu B, Liu T, Chen Y, Ku L. ZmDWF1 regulates leaf angle in maize. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111459. [PMID: 36113675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA) is a critical agronomic trait enhancing grain yield under high-density planting in maize. A number of researches have been conducted in recent years to investigate the quantitative trait loci/genes responsible for LA variation, while only a few genes were identified through map-based cloning. Here we cloned the ZmDWF1 gene, which was previously reported to encode Δ24-sterol reductase in the brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis pathway. Overexpression of ZmDWF1 resulted in enlarged LA, indicating that ZmDWF1 is a positive regulator of LA in maize. To reveal the regulatory framework of ZmDWF1, we conducted RNA-Sequencing and yeast-two hybrid (Y2H) screening analysis. RNA-Sequencing analyzing results indicate ZmDWF1 mainly affected expression level of genes involved in cell wall associated metabolism and hormone metabolism including BR, gibberellin, and auxin. Y2H screening with Bi-FC assay confirmed three proteins (ZmPP2C-1, ZmROF1, and ZmTWD1) interacting with ZmDWF1. We revealed a new regulatory network of ZmDWF1 gene in controlling plant architecture in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Dou
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yaogang Zheng
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Chongyu Sun
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Miaomiao Bao
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Tianxue Liu
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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15
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Duan H, Li J, Sun Y, Xiong X, Sun L, Li W, Gao J, Li N, Zhang J, Cui J, Fu Z, Zhang X, Tang J. Candidate loci for leaf angle in maize revealed by a combination of genome-wide association study and meta-analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1004211. [PMID: 36437932 PMCID: PMC9691904 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA) is a key component of maize plant architecture that can simultaneously govern planting density and improve final yield. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying LA have not been fully addressed. To broaden our understanding of its genetic basis, we scored three LA-related traits on upper, middle, and low leaves of 492 maize inbred lines in five environments. Phenotypic data revealed that the three LA-related traits were normally distributed, and significant variation was observed among environments and genotypes. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was then performed to dissect the genetic factors that control natural variation in maize LA. In total, 85 significant SNPs (involving 32 non-redundant QTLs) were detected (p ≤ 2.04 × 10–6), and individual QTL explained 4.80%–24.09% of the phenotypic variation. Five co-located QTL were detected in at least two environments, and two QTLs were co-located with multiple LA-related traits. Forty-seven meta-QTLs were identified based on meta-analysis combing 294 LA-related QTLs extracted from 18 previously published studies, 816 genes were identified within these meta-QTLs, and seven co-located QTLs were jointly identified by both GWAS and meta-analysis. ZmULA1 was located in one of the co-located QTLs, qLA7, and its haplotypes, hap1 and hap2, differed significantly in LA-related traits. Interestingly, the temperate materials with hap2 had smallest LA. Finally, we also performed haplotype analysis using the reported genes that regulate LA, and identified a lot of maize germplasms that aggregated favorable haplotypes. These results will be helpful for elucidating the genetic basis of LA and breeding new maize varieties with ideal plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jionghao Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiangkuan Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehai Zhang, ; Jihua Tang,
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehai Zhang, ; Jihua Tang,
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16
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Wang X, Wang X, Sun S, Tu X, Lin K, Qin L, Wang X, Li G, Zhong S, Li P. Characterization of regulatory modules controlling leaf angle in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:500-515. [PMID: 35758633 PMCID: PMC9434308 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait determining maize (Zea mays) planting density and light penetration into the canopy and contributes to the yield gain in modern maize hybrids. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf angle beyond the ZmLG1 (liguleless1) and ZmLG2 (Liguleless2) genes. In this study, we found that the transcription factor (TF) ZmBEH1 (BZR1/BES1 homolog gene 1) is targeted by ZmLG2 and regulates leaf angle formation by influencing sclerenchyma cell layers on the adaxial side. ZmBEH1 interacted with the TF ZmBZR1 (Brassinazole Resistant 1), whose gene expression was also directly activated by ZmLG2. Both ZmBEH1 and ZmBZR1 are bound to the promoter of ZmSCL28 (SCARECROW-LIKE 28), a third TF that influences leaf angle. Our study demonstrates regulatory modules controlling leaf angle and provides gene editing targets for creating optimal maize architecture suitable for dense planting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shilei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kande Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- The South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Author for correspondence: (P.L.); (XL.W)
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17
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Richardson AE, Hake S. The power of classic maize mutants: Driving forward our fundamental understanding of plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2505-2517. [PMID: 35274692 PMCID: PMC9252469 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since Mendel, maize has been a powerhouse of fundamental genetics research. From testing the Mendelian laws of inheritance, to the first genetic and cytogenetic maps, to the use of whole-genome sequencing data for crop improvement, maize is at the forefront of genetics advances. Underpinning much of this revolutionary work are the classic morphological mutants; the "freaks" that stood out in the field to even the untrained eye. Here we review some of these classic developmental mutants and their importance in the history of genetics, as well as their key role in our fundamental understanding of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annis E Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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18
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Xiao Y, Guo J, Dong Z, Richardson A, Patterson E, Mangrum S, Bybee S, Bertolini E, Bartlett M, Chuck G, Eveland AL, Scanlon MJ, Whipple C. Boundary domain genes were recruited to suppress bract growth and promote branching in maize. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6835. [PMID: 35704576 PMCID: PMC9200273 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Grass inflorescence development is diverse and complex and involves sophisticated but poorly understood interactions of genes regulating branch determinacy and leaf growth. Here, we use a combination of transcript profiling and genetic and phylogenetic analyses to investigate tasselsheath1 (tsh1) and tsh4, two maize genes that simultaneously suppress inflorescence leaf growth and promote branching. We identify a regulatory network of inflorescence leaf suppression that involves the phase change gene tsh4 upstream of tsh1 and the ligule identity gene liguleless2 (lg2). We also find that a series of duplications in the tsh1 gene lineage facilitated its shift from boundary domain in nongrasses to suppressed inflorescence leaves of grasses. Collectively, these results suggest that the boundary domain genes tsh1 and lg2 were recruited to inflorescence leaves where they suppress growth and regulate a nonautonomous signaling center that promotes inflorescence branching, an important component of yield in cereal grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jinyan Guo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Annis Richardson
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Erin Patterson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sidney Mangrum
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Seth Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Madelaine Bartlett
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - George Chuck
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Scanlon
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Clinton Whipple
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Wang Y, Bao J, Wei X, Wu S, Fang C, Li Z, Qi Y, Gao Y, Dong Z, Wan X. Genetic Structure and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Formation of Tassel, Anther, and Pollen in the Male Inflorescence of Maize (Zea mays L.). Cells 2022; 11:cells11111753. [PMID: 35681448 PMCID: PMC9179574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize tassel is the male reproductive organ which is located at the plant’s apex; both its morphological structure and fertility have a profound impact on maize grain yield. More than 40 functional genes regulating the complex tassel traits have been cloned up to now. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the whole process, from male inflorescence meristem initiation to tassel morphogenesis, are seldom discussed. Here, we summarize the male inflorescence developmental genes and construct a molecular regulatory network to further reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying tassel-trait formation in maize. Meanwhile, as one of the most frequently studied quantitative traits, hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and thousands of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) related to tassel morphology have been identified so far. To reveal the genetic structure of tassel traits, we constructed a consensus physical map for tassel traits by summarizing the genetic studies conducted over the past 20 years, and identified 97 hotspot intervals (HSIs) that can be repeatedly mapped in different labs, which will be helpful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in improving maize yield as well as for providing theoretical guidance in the subsequent identification of the functional genes modulating tassel morphology. In addition, maize is one of the most successful crops in utilizing heterosis; mining of the genic male sterility (GMS) genes is crucial in developing biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for seed production and hybrid breeding. In maize, more than 30 GMS genes have been isolated and characterized, and at least 15 GMS genes have been promptly validated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis within the past two years. We thus summarize the maize GMS genes and further update the molecular regulatory networks underlying male fertility in maize. Taken together, the identified HSIs, genes and molecular mechanisms underlying tassel morphological structure and male fertility are useful for guiding the subsequent cloning of functional genes and for molecular design breeding in maize. Finally, the strategies concerning efficient and rapid isolation of genes controlling tassel morphological structure and male fertility and their application in maize molecular breeding are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jianxi Bao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Chaowei Fang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ziwen Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Yuchen Qi
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuexin Gao
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-152-1092-0373 (Z.D.); +86-186-0056-1850 (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; (Y.W.); (J.B.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (Y.Q.); (Y.G.)
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-152-1092-0373 (Z.D.); +86-186-0056-1850 (X.W.)
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20
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Filyushin MA, Khatefov EB, Kochieva EZ, Shchennikova AV. Comparative Analysis of Transcription Factor Genes liguleless1 and liguleless1-like in Teosinte and Modern Maize Accessions. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542203005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Zhao S, Li X, Song J, Li H, Zhao X, Zhang P, Li Z, Tian Z, Lv M, Deng C, Ai T, Chen G, Zhang H, Hu J, Xu Z, Chen J, Ding J, Song W, Chang Y. Genetic dissection of maize plant architecture using a novel nested association mapping population. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20179. [PMID: 34859966 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The leaf angle (LA), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH) are key plant architectural traits influencing maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, their genetic determinants have not yet been well-characterized. Here, we developed a maize advanced backcross-nested association mapping population in Henan Agricultural University (HNAU-NAM1) comprised of 1,625 BC1 F4 /BC2 F4 lines. These were obtained by crossing a diverse set of 12 representative inbred lines with the common GEMS41 line, which were then genotyped using the MaizeSNP9.4K array. Genetic diversity and phenotypic distribution analyses showed considerable levels of genetic variation. We obtained 18-88 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with LA, PH, and EH by using three complementary mapping methods, named as separate linkage mapping, joint linkage mapping, and genome-wide association studies. Our analyses enabled the identification of ten QTL hot-spot regions associated with the three traits, which were distributed on nine different chromosomes. We further selected 13 major QTLs that were simultaneously detected by three methods and deduced the candidate genes, of which eight were not reported before. The newly constructed HNAU-NAM1 population in this study will further broaden our insights into understanding of genetic regulation of plant architecture, thus will help to improve maize yield and provide an invaluable resource for maize functional genomics and breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xueying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huimin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Univ., Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Meng Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ce Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tangshun Ai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Gengshen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural Univ., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- Zhanjiang Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jiafa Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junqiang Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
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22
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Cao Y, Zhong Z, Wang H, Shen R. Leaf angle: a target of genetic improvement in cereal crops tailored for high-density planting. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:426-436. [PMID: 35075761 PMCID: PMC8882799 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-density planting is an effective measure for increasing crop yield per unit land area. Leaf angle (LA) is a key trait of plant architecture and a target for genetic improvement of crops. Upright leaves allow better light capture in canopy under high-density planting, thus enhancing photosynthesis efficiency, ventilation and stress resistance, and ultimately higher grain yield. Here, we summarized the latest progress on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating LA formation in rice and maize. We suggest several standing out questions for future studies and then propose some promising strategies to manipulate LA for breeding of cereal crops tailored for high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhuojun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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23
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Zhi X, Tao Y, Jordan D, Borrell A, Hunt C, Cruickshank A, Potgieter A, Wu A, Hammer G, George-Jaeggli B, Mace E. Genetic control of leaf angle in sorghum and its effect on light interception. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:801-816. [PMID: 34698817 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing sorghum genotypes adapted to different light environments requires understanding of a plant's ability to capture light, determined through leaf angle specifically. This study dissected the genetic basis of leaf angle in 3 year field trials at two sites, using a sorghum diversity panel (729 accessions). A wide range of variation in leaf angle with medium heritability was observed. Leaf angle explained 36% variation in canopy light extinction coefficient, highlighting the extent to which variation in leaf angle influences light interception at the whole-canopy level. This study also found that the sorghum races of Guinea and Durra consistently having the largest and smallest leaf angle, respectively, highlighting the potential role of leaf angle in adaptation to distinct environments. The genome-wide association study detected 33 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with leaf angle. Strong synteny was observed with previously detected leaf angle QTLs in maize (70%) and rice (40%) within 10 cM, among which the overlap was significantly enriched according to χ2 tests, suggesting a highly consistent genetic control in grasses. A priori leaf angle candidate genes identified in maize and rice were found to be enriched within a 1-cM window around the sorghum leaf angle QTLs. Additionally, protein domain analysis identified the WD40 protein domain as being enriched within a 1-cM window around the QTLs. These outcomes show that there is sufficient heritability and natural variation in the angle of upper leaves in sorghum which may be exploited to change light interception and optimize crop canopies for different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhi
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Yongfu Tao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Borrell
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen Hunt
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF), Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan Cruickshank
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF), Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Andries Potgieter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Wu
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara George-Jaeggli
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF), Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Mace
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF), Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
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24
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Liu S, Magne K, Daniel S, Sibout R, Ratet P. Brachypodium distachyon UNICULME4 and LAXATUM-A are redundantly required for development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:363-381. [PMID: 34662405 PMCID: PMC8774750 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated grasses, tillering, leaf, and inflorescence architecture, as well as abscission ability, are major agronomical traits. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) genes are essential regulators of vegetative and reproductive development. Grass species usually possess 2-4 NBCL copies and until now a single study in O. sativa showed that the disruption of all NBCL genes strongly altered O. sativa leaf development. To improve our understanding of the role of NBCL genes in grasses, we extended the study of the two NBCL paralogs BdUNICULME4 (CUL4) and BdLAXATUM-A (LAXA) in the nondomesticated grass B. distachyon. For this, we applied reversed genetics and generated original B. distachyon single and double nbcl mutants by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) approaches and genetic crossing between nbcl targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) mutants. Through the study of original single laxa CRISPR-Cas9 null alleles, we validated functions previously proposed for LAXA in tillering, leaf patterning, inflorescence, and flower development and also unveiled roles for these genes in seed yield. Furthermore, the characterization of cul4laxa double mutants revealed essential functions for nbcl genes in B. distachyon development, especially in the regulation of tillering, stem cell elongation and secondary cell wall composition as well as for the transition toward the reproductive phase. Our results also highlight recurrent antagonist interactions between NBCLs occurring in multiple aspects of B. distachyon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Sylviane Daniel
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay 91405, France
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25
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Tross MC, Gaillard M, Zwiener M, Miao C, Grove RJ, Li B, Benes B, Schnable JC. 3D reconstruction identifies loci linked to variation in angle of individual sorghum leaves. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12628. [PMID: 35036135 PMCID: PMC8710048 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for yield at high planting density has reshaped the leaf canopy of maize, improving photosynthetic productivity in high density settings. Further optimization of canopy architecture may be possible. However, measuring leaf angles, the widely studied component trait of leaf canopy architecture, by hand is a labor and time intensive process. Here, we use multiple, calibrated, 2D images to reconstruct the 3D geometry of individual sorghum plants using a voxel carving based algorithm. Automatic skeletonization and segmentation of these 3D geometries enable quantification of the angle of each leaf for each plant. The resulting measurements are both heritable and correlated with manually collected leaf angles. This automated and scaleable reconstruction approach was employed to measure leaf-by-leaf angles for a population of 366 sorghum plants at multiple time points, resulting in 971 successful reconstructions and 3,376 leaf angle measurements from individual leaves. A genome wide association study conducted using aggregated leaf angle data identified a known large effect leaf angle gene, several previously identified leaf angle QTL from a sorghum NAM population, and novel signals. Genome wide association studies conducted separately for three individual sorghum leaves identified a number of the same signals, a previously unreported signal shared across multiple leaves, and signals near the sorghum orthologs of two maize genes known to influence leaf angle. Automated measurement of individual leaves and mapping variants associated with leaf angle reduce the barriers to engineering ideal canopy architectures in sorghum and other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Tross
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America.,Complex Biosystems Graduate Program, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Gaillard
- Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Zwiener
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Chenyong Miao
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Ryleigh J Grove
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America.,Lincoln North Star High School, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Bosheng Li
- Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Bedrich Benes
- Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.,Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - James C Schnable
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America.,Complex Biosystems Graduate Program, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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26
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Li J, Feng X, Xie J. A simple method for the application of exogenous phytohormones to the grass leaf base protodermal zone to improve grass leaf epidermis development research. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:128. [PMID: 34903247 PMCID: PMC8667372 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaf epidermis functions to prevent the loss of water and reduce gas exchange. As an interface between the plant and its external environment, it helps prevent damage, making it an attractive system for studying cell fate and development. In monocotyledons, the leaf epidermis grows from the basal meristem that contains protodermal cells. Leaf protoderm zone is covered by the leaf sheath or coleoptile in maize and wheat, preventing traditional exogenous phytohormone application methods, such as directly spraying on the leaf surface or indirectly via culture media, from reaching the protoderm areas directly. The lack of a suitable application method limits research on the effect of phytohormone on the development of grass epidermis. RESULTS Here, we describe a direct and straightforward method to apply exogenous phytohormones to the leaf protoderms of maize and wheat. We used the auxin analogs 2,4-D and cytokinin analogs 6-BA to test the system. After 2,4-D treatment, the asymmetrical division events and initial stomata development were decreased, and the subsidiary cells were induced in maize, the number of GMC (guard mother cell), SMC (subsidiary mother cell) and young stomata were increased in wheat, and the size of the epidermal cells increased after 6-BA treatment in maize. Thus, the method is suitable for the application of phytohormone to the grass leaf protodermal areas. CONCLUSIONS The method to apply hormones to the mesocotyls of maize and wheat seedlings is simple and direct. Only a small amount of externally applied substances are needed to complete the procedure in this method. The entire experimental process lasts for ten days generally, and it is easy to evaluate the phytohormones' effect on the epidermis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Li
- College of Agriculture, School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Xinlei Feng
- College of Agriculture, School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jinjin Xie
- College of Agriculture, School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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27
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Wang S, Zhang F, Jiang P, Zhang H, Zheng H, Chen R, Xu Z, Ikram AU, Li E, Xu Z, Fan J, Su Y, Ding Y. SDG128 is involved in maize leaf inclination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1597-1608. [PMID: 34612535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maize leaf angle (LA) is a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by developmental signals, hormones, and environmental factors. However, the connection between histone methylation and LAs in maize remains unclear. Here, we reported that SET domain protein 128 (SDG128) is involved in leaf inclination in maize. Knockdown of SDG128 using an RNA interference approach resulted in an expanded architecture, less large vascular bundles, more small vascular bundles, and larger spacing of large vascular bundles in the auricles. SDG128 interacts with ZmGID2 both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of ZmGID2 also showed a larger LA with less large vascular bundles and larger spacing of vascular bundles. In addition, the transcription level of cell wall expansion family genes ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPB2, and GRMZM2G005887; transcriptional factor genes Lg1, ZmTAC1, and ZmCLA4; and auxin pathway genes ZmYUCCA7, ZmYUCCA8, and ZmARF22 was reduced in SDG128 and ZmGID2 knockdown plants. SDG128 directly targets ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPB2, LG1, and ZmTAC1 and is required for H3K4me3 deposition at these genes. Together, the results of the present study suggest that SDG128 and ZmGID2 are involved in the maize leaf inclination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Rihong Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zuntao Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Aziz Ul Ikram
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Enze Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zaoshi Xu
- Anhui Forestry High-Tech Development Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Jun Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
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Strable J, Nelissen H. The dynamics of maize leaf development: Patterned to grow while growing a pattern. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102038. [PMID: 33940553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are a significant component of the shoot system in grasses, functioning in light capture and photosynthesis. Leaf width, length, and angle are expressions of development that collectively define canopy architecture. Thus, the distinctive morphology of grass leaves is an interdependent readout of developmental patterning and growth along the proximal-distal, medial-lateral, and adaxial-abaxial axes. Here, we review the chronology of patterning and growth, namely along the proximal-distal axis, during maize leaf development. We underscore that patterning and growth occur simultaneously, making use of shared developmental gradients and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695.
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Peng B, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhang D, Shi Y, Song Y, Wang L, Li Y, Wang T. Genome-wide association studies of leaf angle in maize. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:50. [PMID: 37309541 PMCID: PMC10236034 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compact plant-type with small leaf angle has increased canopy light interception, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of the population and higher population yield at high density planting in maize. In this study, a panel of 285 diverse maize inbred lines genotyped with 56,000 SNPs was used to investigate the genetic basis of leaf angle across 3 consecutive years using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The leaf angle showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability across different years. Population structure analysis subdivided the panel into four subgroups that correspond to the four major empirical germplasm origins in China, i.e., Tangsipingtou, Reid, Lancaster and P. When tested with the optimal GWAS model, we found that the Q + K model was the best in reducing false positive. In total, 96 SNPs accounting for 5.54-10.44% of phenotypic variation were significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with leaf angle across three years. According to the linkage disequilibrium decay distance, 96 SNPs were binned into 43 QTLs for leaf angle. Seven major QTLs with R2 > 8% stably detected in at least 2 years, and BLUP values were clustered in four genomic regions (bins 2.01, 2.07, 5.06, and 10.04). Seven important candidate genes, Zm00001d001961, Zm00001d006348, Zm00001d006463, Zm00001d017618, Zm00001d024919, Zm00001d025018, and Zm00001d025033 were predicted for the seven stable major QTLs, respectively. The markers identified in this study can be used for molecular breeding for leaf angle, and the candidate genes would contribute to further understanding of the genetic basis of leaf angle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01241-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yunsu Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanchun Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, 056001 Hebei China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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30
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Mei X, Nan J, Zhao Z, Yao S, Wang W, Yang Y, Bai Y, Dong E, Liu C, Cai Y. Maize transcription factor ZmNF-YC13 regulates plant architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4757-4772. [PMID: 33831218 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle and leaf orientation value (LOV) are critical agronomic traits for maize plant architecture. The functions of NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) members in regulating plant architecture have not been reported yet. Here, we identified a regulator of maize plant architecture, NF-Y subunit C13 (ZmNF-YC13). ZmNF-YC13 was highly expressed in the leaf base zone of maize plants. ZmNF-YC13 overexpressing plants showed upright leaves with narrow leaf angle and larger LOV, while ZmNF-YC13 knockout plants had larger leaf angle and smaller LOV compared with wild-type plants. The changes in plant architecture were due to the changes in the expression of cytochrome P450 family members. ZmNF-YC13 interacts with two NF-Y subunit B members (ZmNF-YB9 and ZmNF-YB10) of the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 sub-family, and further recruits NF-Y subunit A (ZmNF-YA3) to form two NF-Y complexes. The two complexes can both activate the promoters of transcriptional repressors (ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2), and the promoters of PLASTOCHRON group genes can be repressed by ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2 in maize protoplasts. We propose that ZmNF-YC13 functions as a transcriptional regulator and, together with ZmNF-YBs and ZmNF-YA3, affects plant architecture by regulating the expression of ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2, which repress the expression of cytochrome P450 family members in PLASTOCHRON branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Mei
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Nan
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Yao
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Erfei Dong
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Maize Research Institute, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Qin X, Tian S, Zhang W, Dong X, Ma C, Wang Y, Yan J, Yue B. Q Dtbn1 , an F-box gene affecting maize tassel branch number by a dominant model. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1183-1194. [PMID: 33382512 PMCID: PMC8196637 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tassel branch number (TBN) is one of the important agronomic traits that directly contribute to grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.), and identification of genes precisely regulating TBN in the parental lines is important for maize hybrid breeding. In this study, a quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN), QDtbn1 , related to tassel branch number was identified using a testcrossing association mapping population through association mapping with the Indels/SNPs in the 5'-UTR (untranslated region) of Zm00001d053358, which encodes a Kelch repeat-containing F-box protein. QDtbn1 was further confirmed to be associated with TBN by a dominant model using an F2 population, and over-expressing of the candidate gene resulted in a decreasing of TBN, implying that QDtbn1 was governed by the candidate gene with a negative model. This makes QDtbn1 very useful in maize hybrid breeding. QDtbn1 could interact with a maize Skp1-like protein and a SnRK1 protein, and the SnRK1 could also interact with a SnRK2.8 protein. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that five substrates of SnRK2 were down-regulated in the over-expressed plants. These imply that the SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein/Roc1) complex and ABA signal pathway might be involved in the modulation of TBN in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiner Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shike Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xue Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chengxin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Industrial Crops Research InstitutionHeilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation of SciencesHaerbinChina
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bing Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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32
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Wang Z, Zhu J, Yuan W, Wang Y, Hu P, Jiao C, Xia H, Wang D, Cai Q, Li J, Wang C, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Ou Z, Xu Z, Shi J, Chen J. Genome-wide characterization of bZIP transcription factors and their expression patterns in response to drought and salinity stress in Jatropha curcas. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1207-1223. [PMID: 33971233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants and is responsible for various functions, including regulating development and responses to abiotic/biotic stresses. However, the roles of bZIPs in the regulation of responses to drought stress and salinity stress remain poorly understood in Jatropha curcas L., a biodiesel crop. In the present study, 50 JcbZIP genes were identified and classified into ten groups. Cis-element analysis indicated that JcbZIP genes are associated with abiotic stress. Gene expression patterns and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that four JcbZIP genes (JcbZIPs 34, 36, 49 and 50) are key resistance-related genes under both drought and salinity stress conditions. On the basis of the results of cis-element and phylogenetic analyses, JcbZIP49 and JcbZIP50 are likely involved in responses to drought and salinity stress; moreover, JcbZIP34 and JcbZIP36 might also play important roles in seed development and response to abiotic stress. These findings advance our understanding of the comprehensive characteristics of JcbZIP genes and provide new insights for functional validation in the further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peipei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chunyan Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haimeng Xia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington 999020, UK
| | - Dandan Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianwen Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yansong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zulan Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhongdong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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33
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Thiel J, Koppolu R, Trautewig C, Hertig C, Kale SM, Erbe S, Mascher M, Himmelbach A, Rutten T, Esteban E, Pasha A, Kumlehn J, Provart NJ, Vanderauwera S, Frohberg C, Schnurbusch T. Transcriptional landscapes of floral meristems in barley. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf0832. [PMID: 33910893 PMCID: PMC8081368 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Organ development in plants predominantly occurs postembryonically through combinatorial activity of meristems; therefore, meristem and organ fate are intimately connected. Inflorescence morphogenesis in grasses (Poaceae) is complex and relies on a specialized floral meristem, called spikelet meristem, that gives rise to all other floral organs and ultimately the grain. The fate of the spikelet determines reproductive success and contributes toward yield-related traits in cereal crops. Here, we examined the transcriptional landscapes of floral meristems in the temperate crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using RNA-seq of laser capture microdissected tissues from immature, developing floral structures. Our unbiased, high-resolution approach revealed fundamental regulatory networks, previously unknown pathways, and key regulators of barley floral fate and will equally be indispensable for comparative transcriptional studies of grass meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thiel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany.
| | - R Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany.
| | - C Trautewig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - C Hertig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - S M Kale
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - S Erbe
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - M Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - A Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - T Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - E Esteban
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - A Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - J Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - N J Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - S Vanderauwera
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Frohberg
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany.
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Leiboff S, Strable J, Johnston R, Federici S, Sylvester AW, Scanlon MJ. Network analyses identify a transcriptomic proximodistal prepattern in the maize leaf primordium. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:218-227. [PMID: 33280125 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals, and impacts the initiation, structure and function of all organs. Maize leaves comprise a proximal sheath that encloses the stem, and a distal photosynthetic blade that projects away from the plant axis. An epidermally derived ligule and a joint-like auricle develop at the blade/sheath boundary of maize leaves. Mutations disturbing the ligule/auricle region disrupt leaf patterning and impact plant architecture, yet it is unclear how this developmental boundary is established. Targeted microdissection followed by transcriptomic analyses of young leaf primordia were utilized to construct a co-expression network associated with development of the blade/sheath boundary. Evidence is presented for proximodistal gradients of gene expression that establish a prepatterned transcriptomic boundary in young leaf primordia, before the morphological initiation of the blade/sheath boundary in older leaves. This work presents a conceptual model for spatiotemporal patterning of proximodistal leaf domains, and provides a rich resource of candidate gene interactions for future investigations of the mechanisms of blade/sheath boundary formation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Leiboff
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvalis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Josh Strable
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robyn Johnston
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Silvia Federici
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anne W Sylvester
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Strable J. Developmental genetics of maize vegetative shoot architecture. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:19. [PMID: 37309417 PMCID: PMC10236122 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 1.1 billion tonnes of maize grain were harvested across 197 million hectares in 2019 (FAOSTAT 2020). The vast global productivity of maize is largely driven by denser planting practices, higher yield potential per area of land, and increased yield potential per plant. Shoot architecture, the three-dimensional structural arrangement of the above-ground plant body, is critical to maize grain yield and biomass. Structure of the shoot is integral to all aspects of modern agronomic practices. Here, the developmental genetics of the maize vegetative shoot is reviewed. Plant architecture is ultimately determined by meristem activity, developmental patterning, and growth. The following topics are discussed: shoot apical meristem, leaf architecture, axillary meristem and shoot branching, and intercalary meristem and stem activity. Where possible, classical and current studies in maize developmental genetics, as well as recent advances leveraged by "-omics" analyses, are highlighted within these sections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Present Address: Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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36
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Mapping quantitative trait loci and predicting candidate genes for leaf angle in maize. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245129. [PMID: 33406127 PMCID: PMC7787474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle of maize is a fundamental determinant of plant architecture and an important trait influencing photosynthetic efficiency and crop yields. To broaden our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of leaf angle formation, we constructed a F3:4 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population to map QTL for leaf angle. The RIL was derived from a cross between a model inbred line (B73) with expanded leaf architecture and an elite inbred line (Zheng58) with compact leaf architecture. A sum of eight QTL were detected on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. Single QTL explained 4.3 to 14.2% of the leaf angle variance. Additionally, some important QTL were confirmed through a heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) approach. Furthermore, twenty-four candidate genes for leaf angle were predicted through whole-genome re-sequencing and expression analysis in qLA02-01and qLA08-01 regions. These results will be helpful to elucidate the genetic mechanism of leaf angle formation in maize and benefit to clone the favorable allele for leaf angle. Besides, this will be helpful to develop the novel maize varieties with ideal plant architecture through marker-assisted selection.
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Mamidi S, Healey A, Huang P, Grimwood J, Jenkins J, Barry K, Sreedasyam A, Shu S, Lovell JT, Feldman M, Wu J, Yu Y, Chen C, Johnson J, Sakakibara H, Kiba T, Sakurai T, Tavares R, Nusinow DA, Baxter I, Schmutz J, Brutnell TP, Kellogg EA. A genome resource for green millet Setaria viridis enables discovery of agronomically valuable loci. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:1203-1210. [PMID: 33020633 PMCID: PMC7536120 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wild and weedy relatives of domesticated crops harbor genetic variants that can advance agricultural biotechnology. Here we provide a genome resource for the wild plant green millet (Setaria viridis), a model species for studies of C4 grasses, and use the resource to probe domestication genes in the close crop relative foxtail millet (Setaria italica). We produced a platinum-quality genome assembly of S. viridis and de novo assemblies for 598 wild accessions and exploited these assemblies to identify loci underlying three traits: response to climate, a 'loss of shattering' trait that permits mechanical harvest and leaf angle, a predictor of yield in many grass crops. With CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we validated Less Shattering1 (SvLes1) as a gene whose product controls seed shattering. In S. italica, this gene was rendered nonfunctional by a retrotransposon insertion in the domesticated loss-of-shattering allele SiLes1-TE (transposable element). This resource will enhance the utility of S. viridis for dissection of complex traits and biotechnological improvement of panicoid crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Mamidi
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Adam Healey
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Pu Huang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- BASF Corporation, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John T Lovell
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Maximilian Feldman
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Jinxia Wu
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenifer Johnson
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Rachel Tavares
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas P Brutnell
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang R, Liu C, Li Q, Chen Z, Sun S, Wang X. Spatiotemporal Resolved Leaf Angle Establishment Improves Rice Grain Yield via Controlling Population Density. iScience 2020; 23:101489. [PMID: 32898833 PMCID: PMC7486458 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle is mainly determined by the lamina joint (LJ) and contributes to ideal crop architecture for high yield. Here, we dissected five successive stages with distinct cytological features of LJs spanning organogenesis to leaf angle formation and obtained the underlying stage-specific mRNAs and small RNAs, which well explained the cytological dynamics during LJ organogenesis and leaf angle plasticity. Combining the gene coexpression correlation with high-throughput promoter analysis, we identified a set of transcription factors (TFs) determining the stage- and/or cytological structure-specific profiles. The functional studies of these TFs demonstrated that cytological dynamics determined leaf angle and that the knockout rice of these TFs with erect leaves significantly enhanced yield by maintaining the proper tiller number under dense planting. This work revealed the high-resolution mechanisms of how the cytological dynamics of LJ determined leaf erectness and served as a valuable resource to remodel rice architecture for high yield by controlling population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongna Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qinzhong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhina Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Li H, Wang L, Liu M, Dong Z, Li Q, Fei S, Xiang H, Liu B, Jin W. Maize Plant Architecture Is Regulated by the Ethylene Biosynthetic Gene ZmACS7. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1184-1199. [PMID: 32321843 PMCID: PMC7333711 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant height and leaf angle are two crucial determinants of plant architecture in maize (Zea mays) and are closely related to lodging resistance and canopy photosynthesis at high planting density. These two traits are primarily regulated by several phytohormones. However, the mechanism of ethylene in regulating plant architecture in maize, especially plant height and leaf angle, is unclear. Here, we characterized a maize mutant, Semidwarf3 (Sdw3), which exhibits shorter stature and larger leaf angle than the wild type. Histological analysis showed that inhibition of longitudinal cell elongation in the internode and promotion in the auricle were mainly responsible for reduced plant height and enlarged leaf angle in the Sdw3 mutant. Through positional cloning, we identified a transposon insertion in the candidate gene ZmACS7, encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) Synthase 7 in ethylene biosynthesis of maize. The transposon alters the C terminus of ZmACS7. Transgenic analysis confirmed that the mutant ZmACS7 gene confers the phenotypes of the Sdw3 mutant. Enzyme activity and protein degradation assays indicated that the altered C terminus of ZmACS7 in the Sdw3 mutant increases this protein's stability but does not affect its catalytic activity. The ACC and ethylene contents are dramatically elevated in the Sdw3 mutant, leading to reduced plant height and increased leaf angle. In addition, we demonstrated that ZmACS7 plays crucial roles in root development, flowering time, and leaf number, indicating that ZmACS7 is an important gene with pleiotropic effects during maize growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10093, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Meishan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10093, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10093, China
| | - Qifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shulang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10093, China
| | - Hongtu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10093, China
| | - Baoshen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10093, China
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40
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Liang Z, Qiu Y, Schnable JC. Genome-Phenome Wide Association in Maize and Arabidopsis Identifies a Common Molecular and Evolutionary Signature. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:907-922. [PMID: 32171733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Linking natural genetic variation to trait variation can help determine the functional roles ofdifferent genes. Variations of one or several traits are often assessed separately. High-throughput phenotyping and data mining can capture dozens or hundreds of traits from the same individuals. Here, we test the association between markers within a gene and many traits simultaneously. This genome-phenome wide association study (GPWAS) is both a multi-marker and multi-trait test. Genes identified using GPWAS with 260 phenotypic traits in maize were enriched for genes independently linked to phenotypic variation. Traits associated with classical mutants were consistent with reported phenotypes for mutant alleles. Genes linked to phenomic variation in maize using GPWAS shared molecular, population genetic, and evolutionary features with classical mutants in maize. Genes linked to phenomic variation in Arabidopsis using GPWAS are significantly enriched in genes with known loss-of-function phenotypes. GPWAS may be an effective strategy to identify genes in which loss-of-function alleles produce mutant phenotypes. The shared signatures present in classical mutants and genes identified using GPWAS may be markers for genes with a role in specifying plant phenotypes generally or pleiotropy specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Liang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Plant Science Innovation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yumou Qiu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James C Schnable
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Plant Science Innovation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Cao Y, Zeng H, Ku L, Ren Z, Han Y, Su H, Dou D, Liu H, Dong Y, Zhu F, Li T, Zhao Q, Chen Y. ZmIBH1-1 regulates plant architecture in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2943-2955. [PMID: 31990030 PMCID: PMC7260713 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle (LA) is a critical agronomic trait in maize, with more upright leaves allowing higher planting density, leading to more efficient light capture and higher yields. A few genes responsible for variation in LA have been identified by map-based cloning. In this study, we cloned maize ZmIBH1-1, which encodes a bHLH transcription factor with both a basic binding region and a helix-loop-helix domain, and the results of qRT-PCR showed that it is a negative regulator of LA. Histological analysis indicated that changes in LA were mainly caused by differential cell wall lignification and cell elongation in the ligular region. To determine the regulatory framework of ZmIBH1-1, we conducted RNA-seq and DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq analyses. The combined results revealed 59 ZmIBH1-1-modulated target genes with annotations, and they were mainly related to the cell wall, cell development, and hormones. Based on the data, we propose a regulatory model for the control of plant architecture by ZmIBH1-1 in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haixia Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yun Han
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Dou
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yahui Dong
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hassani D, Fu X, Shen Q, Khalid M, Rose JKC, Tang K. Parallel Transcriptional Regulation of Artemisinin and Flavonoid Biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:466-476. [PMID: 32304658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate the synthesis of specialized compounds through the actions of individual transcription factors (TFs) or sets of TFs. One such compound, artemisinin from Artemisia annua, is widely used as a pharmacological product in the first-line treatment of malaria. However, the emergence of resistance to artemisinin in Plasmodium species, as well as its low production rates, have required innovative treatments such as exploiting the synergistic effects of flavonoids with artemisinin. We overview current knowledge about flavonoid and artemisinin transcriptional regulation in A. annua, and review the dual action of TFs and structural genes that can regulate both pathways simultaneously. Understanding the concerted action of these TFs and their associated structural genes can guide the development of strategies to further improve flavonoid and artemisinin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hassani
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China.
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43
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Kong D, Wang B, Wang H. UPA2 and ZmRAVL1: Promising targets of genetic improvement of maize plant architecture. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:394-397. [PMID: 31535754 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Pan Z, Liu M, Xiao Z, Ren X, Zhao H, Gong D, Liang K, Tan Z, Shao Y, Qiu F. ZmSMK9, a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is involved in the cis-splicing of nad5, kernel development and plant architecture in maize. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 288:110205. [PMID: 31521217 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize kernel size and weight are essential contributors to its yield. So the identification of the genes controlling kernel size and weight can give us a chance to gain the yield. Here, we identified a small kernel mutant, Zea mays small kernel 9 (Zmsmk9), in maize. Cytological observation showed that the development of the endosperm and embryo was delayed in Zmsmk9 mutants at the early stages, resulting in a small kernel phenotype. Interestingly, despite substantial variation in kernel size, the germination of Zmsmk9 seeds was comparable to that of WT, and could develop into normal plants with upright leaf architecture. We cloned Zmsmk9 via map-based cloning. ZmSMK9 encodes a P-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein that targets to mitochondria, and is involved in RNA splicing in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase5 (nad5) intron-1 and intron-4. Consistent with the delayed development phenotype, transcriptome analysis of 12-DAP endosperm showed that starch and zeins biosynthesis related genes were dramatically down regulated in Zmsmk9, while cell cycle and cell growth related genes were dramatically increased. As a result, ZmSMK9 is a novel gene required for the splicing of nad5 intron-1 and intron-4, kernel development, and plant architecture in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ziyi Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dianming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kun Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yangqing Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Fazhan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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The gynoecious CmWIP1 transcription factor interacts with CmbZIP48 to inhibit carpel development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15443. [PMID: 31659221 PMCID: PMC6817838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, sex determination leads to development of unisexual flowers. In Cucumis melo, development of unisexual male flowers results from the expression of the sex determination gene, CmWIP1, in carpel primordia. To bring new insight on the molecular mechanisms through which CmWIP1 leads to carpel abortion in male flowers, we used the yeast two-hybrid approach to look for CmWIP1-interacting proteins. We found that CmWIP1 physically interacts with an S2 bZIP transcription factor, CmbZIP48. We further determined the region mediating the interaction and showed that it involves the N-terminal part of CmWIP1. Using laser capture microdissection coupled with quantitative real-time gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that CmWIP1 and CmbZIP48 share a similar spatiotemporal expression pattern, providing the plant organ context for the CmWIP1-CmbZIP48 protein interaction. Using sex transition mutants, we demonstrated that the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 correlates with the expression of CmbZIP48. Altogether, our data support a model in which the coexpression and the physical interaction of CmWIP1 and CmbZIP48 trigger carpel primordia abortion, leading to the development of unisexual male flowers.
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Tian J, Wang C, Xia J, Wu L, Xu G, Wu W, Li D, Qin W, Han X, Chen Q, Jin W, Tian F. Teosinte ligule allele narrows plant architecture and enhances high-density maize yields. Science 2019; 365:658-664. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased planting densities have boosted maize yields. Upright plant architecture facilitates dense planting. Here, we cloned UPA1 (Upright Plant Architecture1) and UPA2, two quantitative trait loci conferring upright plant architecture. UPA2 is controlled by a two-base sequence polymorphism regulating the expression of a B3-domain transcription factor (ZmRAVL1) located 9.5 kilobases downstream. UPA2 exhibits differential binding by DRL1 (DROOPING LEAF1), and DRL1 physically interacts with LG1 (LIGULELESS1) and represses LG1 activation of ZmRAVL1. ZmRAVL1 regulates brd1 (brassinosteroid C-6 oxidase1), which underlies UPA1, altering endogenous brassinosteroid content and leaf angle. The UPA2 allele that reduces leaf angle originated from teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, and has been lost during maize domestication. Introgressing the wild UPA2 allele into modern hybrids and editing ZmRAVL1 enhance high-density maize yields.
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47
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Wang Y, Salasini BC, Khan M, Devi B, Bush M, Subramaniam R, Hepworth SR. Clade I TGACG-Motif Binding Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors Mediate BLADE-ON-PETIOLE-Dependent Regulation of Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:937-951. [PMID: 30923069 PMCID: PMC6548253 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organs formed by the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are separated from surrounding stem cells by regions of low growth called boundaries. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 represent a class of genes important for boundary patterning in land plants. Members of this family lack a DNA-binding domain and interact with TGACG-motif binding (TGA) basic Leu zipper (bZIP) transcription factors for recruitment to DNA. Here, we show that clade I bZIP transcription factors TGA1 and TGA4, previously associated with plant defense, are essential cofactors in BOP-dependent regulation of development. TGA1 and TGA4 are expressed at organ boundaries and function in the same genetic pathways as BOP1 and BOP2 required for SAM maintenance, flowering, and inflorescence architecture. Further, we show that clade I TGAs interact constitutively with BOP1 and BOP2, contributing to activation of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1, which is needed for boundary establishment. These studies expand the functional repertoire of clade I TGA factors in development and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Brenda C Salasini
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Bhaswati Devi
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Michael Bush
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Shelley R Hepworth
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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48
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Dong L, Qin L, Dai X, Ding Z, Bi R, Liu P, Chen Y, Brutnell TP, Wang X, Li P. Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf Sheath Maturation in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102472. [PMID: 31109136 PMCID: PMC6566692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological development of the leaf greatly influences plant architecture and crop yields. The maize leaf is composed of a leaf blade, ligule and sheath. Although extensive transcriptional profiling of the tissues along the longitudinal axis of the developing maize leaf blade has been conducted, little is known about the transcriptional dynamics in sheath tissues, which play important roles in supporting the leaf blade. Using a comprehensive transcriptome dataset, we demonstrated that the leaf sheath transcriptome dynamically changes during maturation, with the construction of basic cellular structures at the earliest stages of sheath maturation with a transition to cell wall biosynthesis and modifications. The transcriptome again changes with photosynthesis and lignin biosynthesis at the last stage of sheath tissue maturation. The different tissues of the maize leaf are highly specialized in their biological functions and we identified 15 genes expressed at significantly higher levels in the leaf sheath compared with their expression in the leaf blade, including the BOP2 homologs GRMZM2G026556 and GRMZM2G022606, DOGT1 (GRMZM2G403740) and transcription factors from the B3 domain, C2H2 zinc finger and homeobox gene families, implicating these genes in sheath maturation and organ specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Xiuru Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Zehong Ding
- The Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology (ITBB), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Ran Bi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Thomas P Brutnell
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xianglan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Dzievit MJ, Li X, Yu J. Dissection of Leaf Angle Variation in Maize through Genetic Mapping and Meta-Analysis. THE PLANT GENOME 2019; 12:180024. [PMID: 30951086 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2018.05.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize ( L.) hybrids have transitioned to upright leaf angles (LAs) over the last 50 yr as maize yields and planting densities increased concurrently. Genetic mapping and a meta-analysis were conducted in the present study to dissect genetic factors controlling LA variation. We developed mapping populations using inbred lines B73 (Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic), PHW30 (Iodent, expired plant variety protection inbred), and Mo17 (Non-Stiff Stalk) that have distinct LA architectures and represent three important heterotic groups in the United States. These populations were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and phenotyped for LA in the F and F generation. Inclusive composite interval mapping across the two generations of the mapping populations revealed 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL), and a consistent QTL on chromosome 1 explained 10 to 17% of the phenotypic variance. To gain a comprehensive understanding of natural variations underlying LA variation, these detected QTL were compared with results from 19 previous studies. In total, 495 QTL were compiled and mapped into 143 genomic bins. A meta-analysis revealed that 58 genomic bins were associated with LA variation. Thirty-three candidate genes were identified in these genomic bins. Together, these results provide evidence of QTL controlling LA variation from inbred lines representing three important heterotic groups in the United States and a useful resource for future research into the molecular variants underlying specific regions of the genome associated with LA variation.
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Dresvyannikova AE, Watanabe N, Muterko AF, Krasnikov AA, Goncharov NP, Dobrovolskaya OB. Characterization of a dominant mutation for the liguleless trait: Aegilops tauschii liguleless (Lg t). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:55. [PMID: 30813900 PMCID: PMC6393956 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaves of Poaceae have a unique morphological feature: they consist of a proximal sheath and a distal blade separated by a ligular region. The sheath provides structural support and protects young developing leaves, whereas the main function of the blade is photosynthesis. The auricles allow the blade to tilt back for optimal photosynthesis and determine the angle of a leaf, whereas the ligule protects the stem from the entry of water, microorganisms, and pests. Liguleless variants have an upright leaf blade that wraps around the culm. Research on liguleless mutants of maize and other cereals has led to identification of genes that are involved in leaf patterning and differentiation. RESULTS We characterized an induced liguleless mutant (LM) of Aegilops tauschii Coss., a donor of genome D of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.. The liguleless phenotype of LM is under dominant monogenic control (Lgt). To determine precise position of Lgt on the Ae. tauschii genetic map, highly saturated genetic maps were constructed containing 887 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived via diversity arrays technology (DArT)seq. The Lgt gene was mapped to chromosome 5DS. Taking into account coordinates of the SNP markers, flanking Lgt, on the pseudomolecule 5D, a chromosomal region that contains this gene was determined, and a list of candidate genes was identified. Morphological features of the LM phenotype suggest that Lgt participates in the control of leaf development, mainly, in leaf proximal-distal patterning, and its dominant mutation causes abnormal ligular region but does not affect reproductive development. CONCLUSIONS Here we report characterization of a liguleless Ae. tauschii mutant, whose phenotype is under control of a dominant mutation of Lgt. The dominant mode of inheritance of the liguleless trait in a Triticeae species is reported for the first time. The position of the Lgt locus on chromosome 5DS allowed us to identify a list of candidate genes. This list does not contain Ae. tauschii orthologs of any well-characterized cereal genes whose mutations cause liguleless phenotypes. Thus, the characterized Lgt mutant represents a new model for further investigation of plant leaf patterning and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina E. Dresvyannikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Lavrenvieva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | | | - Alexander F. Muterko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Lavrenvieva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Alexander A. Krasnikov
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zolotodolinskaya Str., 101, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Nikolay P. Goncharov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Lavrenvieva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Oxana B. Dobrovolskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Lavrenvieva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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