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Yu Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Cai H, Liao C, Wu Y, Zhang J, Tian W, Liao L. Spatial and temporal gene expression patterns during early human odontogenesis process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1437426. [PMID: 39081334 PMCID: PMC11287127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1437426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on odontogenesis are of great importance to treat dental abnormalities and tooth loss. However, the odontogenesis process was poorly studied in humans, especially at the early developmental stages. Here, we combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) to establish a spatiotemporal transcriptomic investigation for human deciduous tooth germs at the crucial developmental stage to offer new perspectives to understand tooth development and instruct tooth regeneration. Several hallmark events, including angiogenesis, ossification, axonogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, were identified during odontogenesis in human dental epithelium and mesenchyme from the cap stage to the early bell stage. ECM played an essential role in the shift of tooth-inductive capability. Species comparisons demonstrated these hallmark events both in humans and mice. This study reveals the hallmark events during odontogenesis, enriching the transcriptomic research on human tooth development at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Chengdu Shiliankangjian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shao F, Phan AV, Yu W, Guo Y, Thompson J, Coppinger C, Venugopalan SR, Amendt BA, Van Otterloo E, Cao H. Transcriptional programs of Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b controlling lineage specification of mandibular epithelium during tooth initiation. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011364. [PMID: 39052671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
How the dorsal-ventral axis of the vertebrate jaw, particularly the position of tooth initiation site, is established remains a critical and unresolved question. Tooth development starts with the formation of the dental lamina, a localized thickened strip within the maxillary and mandibular epithelium. To identify transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) controlling the specification of dental lamina from the naïve mandibular epithelium, we utilized Laser Microdissection coupled low-input RNA-seq (LMD-RNA-seq) to profile gene expression of different domains of the mandibular epithelium along the dorsal-ventral axis. We comprehensively identified transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways that are differentially expressed along mandibular epithelial domains (including the dental lamina). Specifically, we found that the TFs Sox2 and Tfap2 (Tfap2a/Tfap2b) formed complimentary expression domains along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mandibular epithelium. Interestingly, both classic and novel dental lamina specific TFs-such as Pitx2, Ascl5 and Zfp536-were found to localize near the Sox2:Tfap2a/Tfap2b interface. To explore the functional significance of these domain specific TFs, we next examined loss-of-function mouse models of these domain specific TFs, including the dental lamina specific TF, Pitx2, and the ventral surface ectoderm specific TFs Tfap2a and Tfap2b. We found that disruption of domain specific TFs leads to an upregulation and expansion of the alternative domain's TRN. The importance of this cross-repression is evident by the ectopic expansion of Pitx2 and Sox2 positive dental lamina structure in Tfap2a/Tfap2b ectodermal double knockouts and the emergence of an ectopic tooth in the ventral surface ectoderm. Finally, we uncovered an unappreciated interface of mesenchymal SHH and WNT signaling pathways, at the site of tooth initiation, that were established by the epithelial domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b. These results uncover a previously unknown molecular mechanism involving cross-repression of domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b in patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse mandible, specifically the regulation of tooth initiation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - An-Vi Phan
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yuwei Guo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jamie Thompson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carter Coppinger
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shankar R Venugopalan
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Wang J, Morita K, Iwata T. Induction of periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Ther 2024; 26:432-441. [PMID: 39045575 PMCID: PMC11263952 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal disease is a common oral infection which affects the tooth-supportive tissues directly. Considering the limitation of present regenerative treatments for severe periodontal cases, cytotherapies have been gradually introduced. Human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDLMSCs), while identified as one of the promising cell sources for periodontal regenerative therapy, still hold some problems in the clinical application especially their limited life span. To solve the problems, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are taken into consideration as a robust supply for hPDLMSCs. Methods The induction of hPDLMSCs was performed based on the generation of neural crest-like cells (NCLCs) from hiPSCs. Fibronectin and laminin were tested as coating materials for NCLCs differentiation when following previous protocol, and the characteristics of induced cells were identified by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR for evaluating the induction efficiency. Subsequently, selected dental ectoderm signaling-related cytokines were applied for hPDLMSCs induction for 14 days, and dental mesenchyme-related genes, dental follicle-related genes and hPDL-related genes were tested by RT-qPCR for the evaluation of differentiation. Results Compared to the 58% in laminin-coated condition, fibronectin-coated condition had a higher induction efficiency of CD271high cells as 86% after 8-day induction, while the mesenchymal potential of induced NCLCs was similar between two coating materials.It was shown that the gene expressions of dental mesenchyme, dental follicles and hPDL cells were significantly enhanced with the stimulation of the combination with fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF8b), FGF2, and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Conclusion FN coating was more effective in NCLCs induction, and the FGF8b+FGF2+BMP4 growth factor cocktail was effective in hPDLMSC-like cell generation. These findings underscored the likely regenerative potential of hiPSCs as an applicable and promising curative strategy for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuki Morita
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Seto Y, Ogihara R, Takizawa K, Eiraku M. In vitro induction of patterned branchial arch-like aggregate from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1351. [PMID: 38355589 PMCID: PMC10867012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Early patterning of neural crest cells (NCCs) in the craniofacial primordium is important for subsequent development of proper craniofacial structures. However, because of the complexity of the environment of developing tissues, surveying the early specification and patterning of NCCs is difficult. In this study, we develop a simplified in vitro 3D model using human pluripotent stem cells to analyze the early stages of facial development. In this model, cranial NCC-like cells spontaneously differentiate from neural plate border-like cells into maxillary arch-like mesenchyme after a long-term culture. Upon the addition of EDN1 and BMP4, these aggregates are converted into a mandibular arch-like state. Furthermore, temporary treatment with EDN1 and BMP4 induces the formation of spatially separated domains expressing mandibular and maxillary arch markers within a single aggregate. These results suggest that this in vitro model is useful for determining the mechanisms underlying cell fate specification and patterning during early facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seto
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Ryoma Ogihara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Takizawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Quilez S, Dumontier E, Baim C, Kam J, Cloutier JF. Loss of Neogenin alters branchial arch development and leads to craniofacial skeletal defects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1256465. [PMID: 38404688 PMCID: PMC10884240 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1256465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex structures, such as the craniofacial skeleton, requires precise and intricate two-way signalling between populations of cells of different embryonic origins. For example, the lower jaw, or mandible, arises from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) in the mandibular portion of the first branchial arch (mdBA1) of the embryo, and its development is regulated by signals from the ectoderm and cranial mesoderm (CM) within this structure. The molecular mechanisms underlying CM cell influence on CNCC development in the mdBA1 remain poorly defined. Herein we identified the receptor Neogenin as a key regulator of craniofacial development. We found that ablation of Neogenin expression via gene-targeting resulted in several craniofacial skeletal defects, including reduced size of the CNCC-derived mandible. Loss of Neogenin did not affect the formation of the mdBA1 CM core but resulted in altered Bmp4 and Fgf8 expression, increased apoptosis, and reduced osteoblast differentiation in the mdBA1 mesenchyme. Reduced BMP signalling in the mdBA1 of Neogenin mutant embryos was associated with alterations in the gene regulatory network, including decreased expression of transcription factors of the Hand, Msx, and Alx families, which play key roles in the patterning and outgrowth of the mdBA1. Tissue-specific Neogenin loss-of-function studies revealed that Neogenin expression in mesodermal cells contributes to mandible formation. Thus, our results identify Neogenin as a novel regulator of craniofacial skeletal formation and demonstrates it impinges on CNCC development via a non-cell autonomous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Quilez
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher Baim
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Kam
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Leng L, Zhuang K, Lin H, Ding J, Yang S, Yuan Z, Huang C, Chen G, Chen Z, Wang M, Wang H, Sun H, Li H, Chang H, Chen Z, Xu Q, Yuan T, Zhang J. Menin Reduces Parvalbumin Expression and is Required for the Anti-Depressant Function of Ketamine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305659. [PMID: 38044302 PMCID: PMC10837338 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV) neurons is closely involved in depression, however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Based on the previous finding that multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Protein: Menin; Gene: Men1) mutation (G503D) is associated with a higher risk of depression, a Menin-G503D mouse model is generated that exhibits heritable depressive-like phenotypes and increases PV expression in brain. This study generates and screens a serial of neuronal specific Men1 deletion mice, and found that PV interneuron Men1 deletion mice (PcKO) exhibit increased cortical PV levels and depressive-like behaviors. Restoration of Menin, knockdown PV expression or inhibition of PV neuronal activity in PV neurons all can ameliorate the depressive-like behaviors of PcKO mice. This study next found that ketamine stabilizes Menin by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which mediates the anti-depressant function of ketamine. These results demonstrate a critical role for Menin in depression, and prove that Menin is key to the antidepressant function of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Leng
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Ding
- Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Shangchen Yang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Yuan
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Changquan Huang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Guimiao Chen
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Chen
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Huifang Li
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - He Chang
- Department of GeriatricsXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen universityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Zhenyi Chen
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNeuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361102P. R. China
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Kanai SM, Clouthier DE. Endothelin signaling in development. Development 2023; 150:dev201786. [PMID: 38078652 PMCID: PMC10753589 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of endothelin 1 (EDN1) in 1988, the role of endothelin ligands and their receptors in the regulation of blood pressure in normal and disease states has been extensively studied. However, endothelin signaling also plays crucial roles in the development of neural crest cell-derived tissues. Mechanisms of endothelin action during neural crest cell maturation have been deciphered using a variety of in vivo and in vitro approaches, with these studies elucidating the basis of human syndromes involving developmental differences resulting from altered endothelin signaling. In this Review, we describe the endothelin pathway and its functions during the development of neural crest-derived tissues. We also summarize how dysregulated endothelin signaling causes developmental differences and how this knowledge may lead to potential treatments for individuals with gene variants in the endothelin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M. Kanai
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David E. Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Ankamreddy H, Thawani A, Birol O, Zhang H, Groves AK. Foxi3 GFP and Foxi3 CreER mice allow identification and lineage labeling of pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm, and tooth and hair placodes. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1462-1470. [PMID: 37543988 PMCID: PMC10841876 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXI3 is a forkhead family transcription factor that is expressed in the progenitors of craniofacial placodes, epidermal placodes, and the ectoderm and endoderm of the pharyngeal arch region. Loss of Foxi3 in mice and pathogenic Foxi3 variants in dogs and humans cause a variety of craniofacial defects including absence of the inner ear, severe truncations of the jaw, loss or reduction in external and middle ear structures, and defects in teeth and hair. RESULTS To allow for the identification, isolation, and lineage tracing of Foxi3-expressing cells in developing mice, we targeted the Foxi3 locus to create Foxi3GFP and Foxi3CreER mice. We show that Foxi3GFP mice faithfully recapitulate the expression pattern of Foxi3 mRNA at all ages examined, and Foxi3CreER mice can trace the derivatives of pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm, the pharyngeal pouches and clefts that separate each arch, and the derivatives of hair and tooth placodes. CONCLUSIONS Foxi3GFP and Foxi3CreER mice are new tools that will be of use in identifying and manipulating pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm and hair and tooth placodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinarayana Ankamreddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Current Address: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chennai. 603203
| | - Ankita Thawani
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Onur Birol
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Current Address: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew K. Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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9
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Li X, Xie R, Luo Y, Shi R, Ling Y, Zhao X, Xu X, Chu W, Wang X. Cooperation of TGF-β and FGF signalling pathways in skin development. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13489. [PMID: 37150846 PMCID: PMC10623945 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a multi-layered structure composed of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis originates entirely from the ectoderm, whereas the dermis originates from various germ layers depending on its anatomical location; thus, there are different developmental patterns of the skin. Although the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal formation are well understood, mechanisms regulating dermis development are not clear owing to the complex origin. It has been shown that several morphogenetic pathways regulate dermis development. Of these, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways are the main modulators regulating skin cell induction, fate decision, migration and differentiation. Recently, the successful generation of human skin by modulating TGF-β and FGF signals further demonstrated the irreplaceable roles of these pathways in skin regeneration. This review provides evidence of the role of TGF-β and FGF signalling pathways in the development of different skin layers, especially the disparate dermis of different body regions. This review also provides new perspectives on the distinct developmental patterns of skin and explores new ideas for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Rongfang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yilin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Runlu Shi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yuanqiang Ling
- Guangzhou Wishing Tree Hair Medical Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Guangzhou Wishing Tree Hair Medical Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
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10
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Zbasnik N, Fish JL. Fgf8 regulates first pharyngeal arch segmentation through pouch-cleft interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1186526. [PMID: 37287454 PMCID: PMC10242020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1186526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The pharyngeal arches are transient developmental structures that, in vertebrates, give rise to tissues of the head and neck. A critical process underlying the specification of distinct arch derivatives is segmentation of the arches along the anterior-posterior axis. Formation of ectodermal-endodermal interfaces is a key mediator of this process, and although it is essential, mechanisms regulating the establishment of these interfaces vary between pouches and between taxa. Methods: Here, we focus on the patterning and morphogenesis of epithelia associated with the first pharyngeal arch, the first pharyngeal pouch (pp1) and the first pharyngeal cleft (pc1), and the role of Fgf8 dosage in these processes in the mouse model system. Results: We find that severe reductions of Fgf8 levels disrupt both pp1 and pc1 development. Notably, out-pocketing of pp1 is largely robust to Fgf8 reductions, however, pp1 extension along the proximal-distal axis fails when Fgf8 is low. Our data indicate that Fgf8 is required for specification of regional identity in both pp1 and pc1, for localized changes in cell polarity, and for elongation and extension of both pp1 and pc1. Discussion: Based on Fgf8-mediated changes in tissue relationships between pp1 and pc1, we hypothesize that extension of pp1 requires physical interaction with pc1. Overall, our data indicate a critical role for the lateral surface ectoderm in segmentation of the first pharyngeal arch that has previously been under-appreciated.
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11
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Niu X, Zhang F, Ping L, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Chen X. vwa1 Knockout in Zebrafish Causes Abnormal Craniofacial Chondrogenesis by Regulating FGF Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040838. [PMID: 37107596 PMCID: PMC10137681 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM), a rare disorder of first- and second-pharyngeal arch development, has been linked to a point mutation in VWA1 (von Willebrand factor A domain containing 1), encoding the protein WARP in a five-generation pedigree. However, how the VWA1 mutation relates to the pathogenesis of HFM is largely unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of the VWA1 mutation at the molecular level by generating a vwa1-knockout zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9. Mutants and crispants showed cartilage dysmorphologies, including hypoplastic Meckel’s cartilage and palatoquadrate cartilage, malformed ceratohyal with widened angle, and deformed or absent ceratobranchial cartilages. Chondrocytes exhibited a smaller size and aspect ratio and were aligned irregularly. In situ hybridization and RT-qPCR showed a decrease in barx1 and col2a1a expression, indicating abnormal cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) condensation and differentiation. CNCC proliferation and survival were also impaired in the mutants. Expression of FGF pathway components, including fgf8a, fgfr1, fgfr2, fgfr3, fgfr4, and runx2a, was decreased, implying a role for VWA1 in regulating FGF signaling. Our results demonstrate that VWA1 is essential for zebrafish chondrogenesis through effects on condensation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of CNCCs, and likely impacts chondrogenesis through regulation of the FGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fuyu Zhang
- 8-Year MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Ping
- 8-Year MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zbasnik N, Fish JL. Fgf8 regulates first pharyngeal arch segmentation through pouch-cleft interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532781. [PMID: 36993764 PMCID: PMC10055162 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pharyngeal arches are transient developmental structures that, in vertebrates, give rise to tissues of the head and neck. A critical process underlying the specification of distinct arch derivatives is segmentation of the arches along the anterior-posterior axis. Out-pocketing of the pharyngeal endoderm between the arches is a key mediator of this process, and although it is essential, mechanisms regulating out-pocketing vary between pouches and between taxa. Here, we focus on the patterning and morphogenesis of epithelia associated with the first pharyngeal arch, the first pharyngeal pouch (pp1) and the first pharyngeal cleft (pc1), and the role of Fgf8 dosage in these processes. We find that severe reductions of Fgf8 levels disrupt both pp1 and pc1 development. Notably, out-pocketing of pp1 is largely robust to Fgf8 reductions, however, pp1 extension along the proximal-distal axis fails when Fgf8 is low. Our data indicate that extension of pp1 requires physical interaction with pc1, and that multiple aspects of pc1 morphogenesis require Fgf8 . In particular, Fgf8 is required for specification of regional identity in both pp1 and pc1, for localized changes in cell polarity, and for elongation and extension of both pp1 and pc1. Overall, our data indicate a critical role for the lateral surface ectoderm in segmentation of the first pharyngeal arch that has previously been under-appreciated.
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13
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Nunomura S, Uta D, Kitajima I, Nanri Y, Matsuda K, Ejiri N, Kitajima M, Ikemitsu H, Koga M, Yamamoto S, Honda Y, Takedomi H, Andoh T, Conway SJ, Izuhara K. Periostin activates distinct modules of inflammation and itching downstream of the type 2 inflammation pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111933. [PMID: 36610396 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease accompanied by recurrent itching. Although type 2 inflammation is dominant in allergic skin inflammation, it is not fully understood how non-type 2 inflammation co-exists with type 2 inflammation or how type 2 inflammation causes itching. We have recently established the FADS mouse, a mouse model of AD. In FADS mice, either genetic disruption or pharmacological inhibition of periostin, a downstream molecule of type 2 inflammation, inhibits NF-κB activation in keratinocytes, leading to downregulating eczema, epidermal hyperplasia, and infiltration of neutrophils, without regulating the enhanced type 2 inflammation. Moreover, inhibition of periostin blocks spontaneous firing of superficial dorsal horn neurons followed by a decrease in scratching behaviors due to itching. Taken together, periostin links NF-κB-mediated inflammation with type 2 inflammation and promotes itching in allergic skin inflammation, suggesting that periostin is a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuda
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoko Ejiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Midori Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikemitsu
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Misaki Koga
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Honda
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hironobu Takedomi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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14
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Zbasnik N, Dolan K, Buczkowski SA, Green RM, Hallgrímsson B, Marcucio RS, Moon AM, Fish JL. Fgf8 dosage regulates jaw shape and symmetry through pharyngeal-cardiac tissue relationships. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1711-1727. [PMID: 35618654 PMCID: PMC9529861 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetries in craniofacial anomalies are commonly observed. In the facial skeleton, the left side is more commonly and/or severely affected than the right. Such asymmetries complicate treatment options. Mechanisms underlying variation in disease severity between individuals as well as within individuals (asymmetries) are still relatively unknown. RESULTS Developmental reductions in fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) have a dosage dependent effect on jaw size, shape, and symmetry. Further, Fgf8 mutants have directionally asymmetric jaws with the left side being more affected than the right. Defects in lower jaw development begin with disruption to Meckel's cartilage, which is discontinuous. All skeletal elements associated with the proximal condensation are dysmorphic, exemplified by a malformed and misoriented malleus. At later stages, Fgf8 mutants exhibit syngnathia, which falls into two broad categories: bony fusion of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridges and zygomatico-mandibular fusion. All of these morphological defects exhibit both inter- and intra-specimen variation. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that these asymmetries are linked to heart development resulting in higher levels of Fgf8 on the right side of the face, which may buffer the right side to developmental perturbations. This mouse model may facilitate future investigations of mechanisms underlying human syngnathia and facial asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Zbasnik
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katie Dolan
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA
| | - Stephanie A. Buczkowski
- Department of Molecular and Functional GenomicsGeisinger Medical CenterDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rebecca M. Green
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics and Department of Oral and Craniofacial SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyAlberta Chidren's Hospital Research Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anne M. Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional GenomicsGeisinger Medical CenterDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA,Departments of Pediatrics and Human GeneticsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Fish
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA
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15
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Anatomical network analyses reveal evolutionary integration and modularity in the lizards skull. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14429. [PMID: 36064738 PMCID: PMC9445097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of lizard skulls is highly diverse, and it is crucial to understand the factors that constrain and promote their evolution to understand how lizards thrive. The results of interactions between cranial bones reflecting these factors can be detected as integration and modularity, and the analysis of integration and modularity allows us to explore the underlying factors. In this study, the integration and modularity of the skulls of lizards and the outgroup tuatara are analyzed using a new method, Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA), and the factors causing lizards morphological diversity are investigated by comparing them. The comparison of modular structures shows that lizard skulls have high integration and anisomerism, some differences but basically common modular patterns. In contrast, the tuatara shows a different modular pattern from lizards. In addition, the presence of the postorbital bar by jugal and postorbital (postorbitofrontal) also reflect various functional factors by maintaining low integration. The maintenance of basic structures due to basic functional requirements and changes in integration within the modules play a significant role in increasing the morphological diversity of the lizard skull and in the prosperity of the lizards.
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16
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Furukawa Y, Odashima A, Hoshino T, Onodera S, Saito A, Ichinohe T, Azuma T. Effects of KnockOut Serum Replacement on Differentiation of Mouse-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Odontoblasts. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2022; 63:75-83. [PMID: 35613864 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Serum serves as a source of rich nutrients during in vitro cell culture, facilitating cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. When culturing stem cells for transplantation, however, it must be remembered that such culture medium may contain substances potentially harmful to the proposed recipient and may even induce cellular damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether KnockOut Serum Replacement (KSR), a chemically defined medium supplement, enhanced in vitro differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into odontoblasts. Cranial neural crest cells, precursors of odontoblasts, were generated from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells. They were then cultured in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's/F12 medium containing fibroblast growth factor 8 with or without KSR. The cells cultured with KSR showed strong proliferation, acquired a spindle-like morphology, and connected with the surrounding cells. KnockOut Serum Replacement also boosted expression of odontoblast markers as measured by qRT-PCR, and increased dentin sialoprotein as assessed by immunostaining. These results confirmed that mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into odontoblasts under serum-free conditions, and that KSR enhanced the efficiency of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Furukawa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Ayano Odashima
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Department of Oral Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Dental Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department of Dental Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College
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17
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Guo Y, Wu D, Xu Q, Chen W. Inhibition of smoothened receptor by vismodegib leads to micrognathia during embryogenesis. Differentiation 2022; 125:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Li K, Fan L, Tian Y, Lou S, Li D, Ma L, Wang L, Pan Y. Application of zebrafish in the study of craniomaxillofacial developmental anomalies. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:583-595. [PMID: 35437950 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial developmental anomalies are one of the most prevalent congenital defects worldwide and could result from any disruption of normal development processes, which is generally influenced by interactions between genes and the environment. Currently, with the advances in genetic screening strategies, an increasing number of novel variants and their roles in orofacial diseases have been explored. Zebrafish is recognized as a powerful animal model, and its homologous genes and similar oral structure and development process provide an ideal platform for studying the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to human craniofacial malformations. Here, we reviewed zebrafish models for the study of craniomaxillofacial developmental anomalies, such as human nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without an affected palate and jaw and tooth developmental anomalies. Due to its potential for gene expression and regulation research, zebrafish may provide new perspectives for understanding craniomaxillofacial diseaseand its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Lou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Magaletta ME, Lobo M, Kernfeld EM, Aliee H, Huey JD, Parsons TJ, Theis FJ, Maehr R. Integration of single-cell transcriptomes and chromatin landscapes reveals regulatory programs driving pharyngeal organ development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:457. [PMID: 35075189 PMCID: PMC8786836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maldevelopment of the pharyngeal endoderm, an embryonic tissue critical for patterning of the pharyngeal region and ensuing organogenesis, ultimately contributes to several classes of human developmental syndromes and disorders. Such syndromes are characterized by a spectrum of phenotypes that currently cannot be fully explained by known mutations or genetic variants due to gaps in characterization of critical drivers of normal and dysfunctional development. Despite the disease-relevance of pharyngeal endoderm, we still lack a comprehensive and integrative view of the molecular basis and gene regulatory networks driving pharyngeal endoderm development. To close this gap, we apply transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility single-cell sequencing technologies to generate a multi-omic developmental resource spanning pharyngeal endoderm patterning to the emergence of organ-specific epithelia in the developing mouse embryo. We identify cell-type specific gene regulation, distill GRN models that define developing organ domains, and characterize the role of an immunodeficiency-associated forkhead box transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Magaletta
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Macrina Lobo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Kernfeld
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hananeh Aliee
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jack D Huey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Teagan J Parsons
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - René Maehr
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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20
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黄 宏, 魏 洁, 张 德, 周 学. [Research Progress of Fibroblast Growth Factor 8's Role in the Regulation of Bone Development and Homeostasis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:54-57. [PMID: 35048600 PMCID: PMC10408843 DOI: 10.12182/20220160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The proper development and the homeostasis maintenance of bones are important prerequisites for the normal functioning of the human body. Bone developmental deformities or homeostasis disorders, such as Kashin-Beck disease, craniosynostosis, cleft palate and osteoarthritis, severely affect the life of patients, causing significant stress to the family and the society. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) plays multiple functions through the course of the life of organisms. Abnormal expression of FGF8 may cause disorders of bone homeostasis and developmental abnormalities of bones. More and more studies have found that FGF8 may play an important role in bone development and may become a potential therapeutic target. Herein, we reviewed the role of FGF8 in a variety of skeletal abnormalities, intending to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 宏灿 黄
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Dental and Endodontic Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 洁雅 魏
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Dental and Endodontic Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 德茂 张
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Dental and Endodontic Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 学东 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Dental and Endodontic Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Lyu P, Li B, Li P, Bi R, Cui C, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Fan Y. Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Signaling in Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Basic and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654715. [PMID: 34760881 PMCID: PMC8573197 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are two peptides that regulate mineral ion homeostasis, skeletal development, and bone turnover by activating parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R). PTH1R signaling is of profound clinical interest for its potential to stimulate bone formation and regeneration. Recent pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials have investigated the effects of PTH and PTHrP analogs in the orofacial region. Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are targets of PTH1R signaling and have long been known as major factors in tissue repair and regeneration. Previous studies have begun to reveal important roles for PTH1R signaling in modulating the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs in the orofacial region. A better understanding of the molecular networks and underlying mechanisms for modulating MSCs in dental diseases will pave the way for the therapeutic applications of PTH and PTHrP in the future. Here we review recent studies involving dental MSCs, focusing on relationships with PTH1R. We also summarize recent basic and clinical observations of PTH and PTHrP treatment to help understand their use in MSCs-based dental and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Thomson E, Dawson R, H’ng CH, Adikusuma F, Piltz S, Thomas PQ. The Nestin neural enhancer is essential for normal levels of endogenous Nestin in neuroprogenitors but is not required for embryo development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258538. [PMID: 34739481 PMCID: PMC8570527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are vitally important during embryonic development to control the spatial and temporal expression of genes. Recently, large scale genome projects have identified a vast number of putative developmental regulatory elements. However, the proportion of these that have been functionally assessed is relatively low. While enhancers have traditionally been studied using reporter assays, this approach does not characterise their contribution to endogenous gene expression. We have studied the murine Nestin (Nes) intron 2 enhancer, which is widely used to direct exogenous gene expression within neural progenitor cells in cultured cells and in vivo. We generated CRISPR deletions of the enhancer region in mice and assessed their impact on Nes expression during embryonic development. Loss of the Nes neural enhancer significantly reduced Nes expression in the developing CNS by as much as 82%. By assessing NES protein localization, we also show that this enhancer region contains repressor element(s) that inhibit Nes expression within the vasculature. Previous reports have stated that Nes is an essential gene, and its loss causes embryonic lethality. We also generated 2 independent Nes null lines and show that both develop without any obvious phenotypic effects. Finally, through crossing of null and enhancer deletion mice we provide evidence of trans-chromosomal interaction of the Nes enhancer and promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Thomson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ruby Dawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chee Ho H’ng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fatwa Adikusuma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Genome Editing Facility, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sandra Piltz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Genome Editing Facility, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Genome Editing Facility, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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23
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The concurrent stimulation of Wnt and FGF8 signaling induce differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells into odontoblast-like cells. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 55:8-19. [PMID: 34739612 PMCID: PMC8885561 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-021-00297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is known to be a potent stimulator of canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity, an essential factor for tooth development. In this study, we analyzed the effects of co-administration of FGF8 and a CHIR99021 (GSK3β inhibitor) on differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts. Utilizing Cre-mediated EGFP reporter mice, dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) expression was examined in mouse neonatal molar tooth germs. At birth, expression of Dmp1-EGFP was not found in mesenchymal cells but rather epithelial cells, after which Dmp1-positive cells gradually emerged in the mesenchymal area along with disappearance in the epithelial area. Primary cultured mesenchymal cells from neonatal tooth germ specimens showed loss of Dmp1-EGFP positive signals, whereas addition of Wnt3a or the CHIR99021 significantly regained Dmp1 positivity within approximately 2 weeks. Other odontoblast markers such as dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) could not be clearly detected. Concurrent stimulation of primary cultured mesenchymal cells with the CHIR99021 and FGF8 resulted in significant upregulation of odonto/osteoblast proteins. Furthermore, increased expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix, and osteocalcin were also observed. The present findings indicate that coordinated action of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and FGF8 signals is essential for odontoblast differentiation of tooth germs in mice.
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24
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Lin C, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. Activated Epithelial FGF8 Signaling Induces Fused Supernumerary Incisors. J Dent Res 2021; 101:458-464. [PMID: 34706590 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211046590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF8, which is specifically expressed in the dental epithelium prior to the E12.5 bud stage, is a key player during odontogenesis, being responsible for the initiation of tooth development. Here, to investigate the impact of persistent FGF8 signaling on tooth development, we forcibly activated FGF8 signaling in the dental epithelium after the bud stage by generating K14-Cre;R26R-Fg8 mice. We found that a unique type of fused supernumerary incisors is formed, although morphologically resembling the features of type II dens invaginatus in humans. Further analysis revealed that ectopically activated epithelial FGF8 alters the cell fate of the incisor lingual outer enamel epithelium, endowing it with odontogenic potential by the activation of several key tooth genes, including Pitx2, Sox2, Lef-1, p38, and Erk1/2, and induces de novo formation of an extra incisor crown lingually in parallel to the original one, leading to the formation of an extra incisor crown and fused with the original incisor eventually. Meanwhile, the overdosed epithelial FGF8 signaling dramatically downregulates the expression of mesenchymal Bmp4, leading to severely impaired enamel mineralization. Based on the location of the extra incisors, we propose that they are likely to be rescued replacement teeth. Our results further demonstrate the essential role of FGF8 signaling for tooth initiation and the establishment of progenitor cells of dental epithelial stem cells during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Z Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - C Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - X Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Compagnucci C, Martinus K, Griffin J, Depew MJ. Programmed Cell Death Not as Sledgehammer but as Chisel: Apoptosis in Normal and Abnormal Craniofacial Patterning and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717404. [PMID: 34692678 PMCID: PMC8531503 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of craniofacial development involves an complex, intricate, genetically controlled and tightly regulated spatiotemporal series of reciprocal inductive and responsive interactions among the embryonic cephalic epithelia (both endodermal and ectodermal) and the cephalic mesenchyme — particularly the cranial neural crest (CNC). The coordinated regulation of these interactions is critical both ontogenetically and evolutionarily, and the clinical importance and mechanistic sensitivity to perturbation of this developmental system is reflected by the fact that one-third of all human congenital malformations affect the head and face. Here, we focus on one element of this elaborate process, apoptotic cell death, and its role in normal and abnormal craniofacial development. We highlight four themes in the temporospatial elaboration of craniofacial apoptosis during development, namely its occurrence at (1) positions of epithelial-epithelial apposition, (2) within intra-epithelial morphogenesis, (3) during epithelial compartmentalization, and (4) with CNC metameric organization. Using the genetic perturbation of Satb2, Pbx1/2, Fgf8, and Foxg1 as exemplars, we examine the role of apoptosis in the elaboration of jaw modules, the evolution and elaboration of the lambdoidal junction, the developmental integration at the mandibular arch hinge, and the control of upper jaw identity, patterning and development. Lastly, we posit that apoptosis uniquely acts during craniofacial development to control patterning cues emanating from core organizing centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kira Martinus
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Griffin
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Depew
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Abe M, Cox TC, Firulli AB, Kanai SM, Dahlka J, Lim KC, Engel JD, Clouthier DE. GATA3 is essential for separating patterning domains during facial morphogenesis. Development 2021; 148:dev199534. [PMID: 34383890 PMCID: PMC8451945 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) within the mandibular and maxillary prominences of the first pharyngeal arch are initially competent to respond to signals from either region. However, mechanisms that are only partially understood establish developmental tissue boundaries to ensure spatially correct patterning. In the 'hinge and caps' model of facial development, signals from both ventral prominences (the caps) pattern the adjacent tissues whereas the intervening region, referred to as the maxillomandibular junction (the hinge), maintains separation of the mandibular and maxillary domains. One cap signal is GATA3, a member of the GATA family of zinc-finger transcription factors with a distinct expression pattern in the ventral-most part of the mandibular and maxillary portions of the first arch. Here, we show that disruption of Gata3 in mouse embryos leads to craniofacial microsomia and syngnathia (bony fusion of the upper and lower jaws) that results from changes in BMP4 and FGF8 gene regulatory networks within NCCs near the maxillomandibular junction. GATA3 is thus a crucial component in establishing the network of factors that functionally separate the upper and lower jaws during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Abe
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Departments of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Anthony B. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stanley M. Kanai
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacob Dahlka
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kim-Chew Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James Douglas Engel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David E. Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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27
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Fabik J, Psutkova V, Machon O. The Mandibular and Hyoid Arches-From Molecular Patterning to Shaping Bone and Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7529. [PMID: 34299147 PMCID: PMC8303155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandibular and hyoid arches collectively make up the facial skeleton, also known as the viscerocranium. Although all three germ layers come together to assemble the pharyngeal arches, the majority of tissue within viscerocranial skeletal components differentiates from the neural crest. Since nearly one third of all birth defects in humans affect the craniofacial region, it is important to understand how signalling pathways and transcription factors govern the embryogenesis and skeletogenesis of the viscerocranium. This review focuses on mouse and zebrafish models of craniofacial development. We highlight gene regulatory networks directing the patterning and osteochondrogenesis of the mandibular and hyoid arches that are actually conserved among all gnathostomes. The first part of this review describes the anatomy and development of mandibular and hyoid arches in both species. The second part analyses cell signalling and transcription factors that ensure the specificity of individual structures along the anatomical axes. The third part discusses the genes and molecules that control the formation of bone and cartilage within mandibular and hyoid arches and how dysregulation of molecular signalling influences the development of skeletal components of the viscerocranium. In conclusion, we notice that mandibular malformations in humans and mice often co-occur with hyoid malformations and pinpoint the similar molecular machinery controlling the development of mandibular and hyoid arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Fabik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
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28
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Hirschberger C, Sleight VA, Criswell KE, Clark SJ, Gillis JA. Conserved and unique transcriptional features of pharyngeal arches in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea) and evolution of the jaw. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4187-4204. [PMID: 33905525 PMCID: PMC8476176 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the jaw is a long-standing problem in vertebrate evolutionary biology. Classical hypotheses of serial homology propose that the upper and lower jaw evolved through modifications of dorsal and ventral gill arch skeletal elements, respectively. If the jaw and gill arches are derived members of a primitive branchial series, we predict that they would share common developmental patterning mechanisms. Using candidate and RNAseq/differential gene expression analyses, we find broad conservation of dorsoventral (DV) patterning mechanisms within the developing mandibular, hyoid, and gill arches of a cartilaginous fish, the skate (Leucoraja erinacea). Shared features include expression of genes encoding members of the ventralizing BMP and endothelin signaling pathways and their effectors, the joint markers nkx3.2 and gdf5 and prochondrogenic transcription factor barx1, and the dorsal territory marker pou3f3. Additionally, we find that mesenchymal expression of eya1/six1 is an ancestral feature of the mandibular arch of jawed vertebrates, whereas differences in notch signaling distinguish the mandibular and gill arches in skate. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of mandibular and gill arch tissues reveal additional genes differentially expressed along the DV axis of the pharyngeal arches, including scamp5 as a novel marker of the dorsal mandibular arch, as well as distinct transcriptional features of mandibular and gill arch muscle progenitors and developing gill buds. Taken together, our findings reveal conserved patterning mechanisms in the pharyngeal arches of jawed vertebrates, consistent with serial homology of their skeletal derivatives, as well as unique transcriptional features that may underpin distinct jaw and gill arch morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria A Sleight
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | | | | | - J Andrew Gillis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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29
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Trakanant S, Nihara J, Nagai T, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Ishida Y, Meguro F, Kudo T, Yamada A, Maeda T, Saito I, Ohazama A. MicroRNAs regulate distal region of mandibular development through Hh signaling. J Anat 2021; 238:711-719. [PMID: 33011977 PMCID: PMC7855062 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular anomalies are often seen in various congenital diseases, indicating that mandibular development is under strict molecular control. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in mandibular development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating the level of gene expression. We found that the mesenchymal conditional deletion of miRNAs arising from a lack of Dicer (an essential molecule for miRNA processing, Dicerfl/fl ;Wnt1Cre), led to an abnormal groove formation at the distal end of developing mandibles. At E10.5, when the region forms, inhibitors of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Hhip1 showed increased expression at the region in Dicer mutant mandibles, while Gli1 (a major mediator of Hh signaling) was significantly downregulated in mutant mandibles. These suggest that Hh signaling was downregulated at the distal end of Dicer mutant mandibles by increased inhibitors. To understand whether the abnormal groove formation inDicer mutant mandibles was caused by the downregulation of Hh signaling, mice with a mesenchymal deletion of Hh signaling activity arising from a lack of Smo (an essential molecule for Hh signaling activation, Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) were examined. Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice showed a similar phenotype in the distal region of their mandibles to those in Dicerfl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. We also found that approximately 400 miRNAs were expressed in wild-type mandibular mesenchymes at E10.5, and six microRNAs were identified as miRNAs with binding potential against both Ptch1 and Hhip1. Their expressions at the distal end of the mandible were confirmed by in situ hybridization. This indicates that microRNAs regulate the distal part of mandibular formation at an early stage of development by involving Hh signaling activity through controlling its inhibitor expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Center for Advanced Oral ScienceFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Center for Advanced Oral ScienceFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takehisa Kudo
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
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30
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de Vries M, Owens HG, Carpinelli MR, Partridge D, Kersbergen A, Sutherland KD, Auden A, Anderson PJ, Jane SM, Dworkin S. Delineating the roles of Grhl2 in craniofacial development through tissue-specific conditional deletion and epistasis approaches in mouse. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1191-1209. [PMID: 33638290 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly conserved Grainyhead-like (Grhl) family of transcription factors play critical roles in the development of the neural tube and craniofacial skeleton. In particular, deletion of family member Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) leads to mid-gestational embryonic lethality, maxillary clefting, abdominoschisis, and both cranial and caudal neural tube closure defects. These highly pleiotropic and systemic defects suggest that Grhl2 plays numerous critical developmental roles to ensure correct morphogenesis and patterning. RESULTS Here, using four separate Cre-lox conditional deletion models, as well as one genetic epistasis approach (Grhl2+/- ;Edn1+/- double heterozygous mice) we have investigated tissue-specific roles of Grhl2 in embryonic development, with a particular focus on the craniofacial skeleton. We find that loss of Grhl2 in the pharyngeal epithelium (using the ShhCre driver) leads to low-penetrance micrognathia, whereas deletion of Grhl2 within the ectoderm of the pharynx (NestinCre ) leads to small, albeit significant, differences in the proximal-distal elongation of both the maxilla and mandible. Loss of Grhl2 in endoderm (Sox17-2aiCre ) resulted in noticeable lung defects and a single instance of secondary palatal clefting, although formation of other endoderm-derived organs such as the stomach, bladder and intestines was not affected. Lastly, deletion of Grhl2 in cells of the neural crest (Wnt1Cre ) did not lead to any discernible defects in craniofacial development, and similarly, our epistasis approach did not detect any phenotypic consequences of loss of a single allele of both Grhl2 and Edn1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study identifies a pharyngeal-epithelium intrinsic, non-cell-autonomous role for Grhl2 in the patterning and formation of the craniofacial skeleton, as well as an endoderm-specific role for Grhl2 in the formation and establishment of the mammalian lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harley G Owens
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ariena Kersbergen
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate D Sutherland
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Du W, Bhojwani A, Hu JK. FACEts of mechanical regulation in the morphogenesis of craniofacial structures. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:4. [PMID: 33547271 PMCID: PMC7865003 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, organs undergo distinct and programmed morphological changes as they develop into their functional forms. While genetics and biochemical signals are well recognized regulators of morphogenesis, mechanical forces and the physical properties of tissues are now emerging as integral parts of this process as well. These physical factors drive coordinated cell movements and reorganizations, shape and size changes, proliferation and differentiation, as well as gene expression changes, and ultimately sculpt any developing structure by guiding correct cellular architectures and compositions. In this review we focus on several craniofacial structures, including the tooth, the mandible, the palate, and the cranium. We discuss the spatiotemporal regulation of different mechanical cues at both the cellular and tissue scales during craniofacial development and examine how tissue mechanics control various aspects of cell biology and signaling to shape a developing craniofacial organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arshia Bhojwani
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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32
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Abstract
The formation of the human brain, which contains nearly 100 billion neurons making an average of 1000 connections each, represents an astonishing feat of self-organization. Despite impressive progress, our understanding of how neurons form the nervous system and enable function is very fragmentary, especially for the human brain. New technologies that produce large volumes of high-resolution measurements-big data-are now being brought to bear on this problem. Single-cell molecular profiling methods allow the exploration of neural diversity with increasing spatial and temporal resolution. Advances in human genetics are shedding light on the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders, and new approaches are revealing plausible neurobiological mechanisms underlying these conditions. Here, we review the opportunities and challenges of integrating large-scale genomics and genetics for the study of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. .,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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33
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Ray AT, Mazot P, Brewer JR, Catela C, Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. FGF signaling regulates development by processes beyond canonical pathways. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1735-1752. [PMID: 33184218 PMCID: PMC7706708 DOI: 10.1101/gad.342956.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
FGFs are key developmental regulators that engage a signal transduction cascade through receptor tyrosine kinases, prominently engaging ERK1/2 but also other pathways. However, it remains unknown whether all FGF activities depend on this canonical signal transduction cascade. To address this question, we generated allelic series of knock-in Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 mouse strains, carrying point mutations that disrupt binding of signaling effectors, and a kinase dead allele of Fgfr2 that broadly phenocopies the null mutant. When interrogated in cranial neural crest cells, we identified discrete functions for signaling pathways in specific craniofacial contexts, but point mutations, even when combined, failed to recapitulate the single or double null mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, the signaling mutations abrogated established FGF-induced signal transduction pathways, yet FGF functions such as cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion remained unaffected, though these activities did require FGFR kinase activity. Our studies establish combinatorial roles of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in development and uncouple novel FGFR kinase-dependent cell adhesion properties from canonical intracellular signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan T Ray
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Pierre Mazot
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - J Richard Brewer
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Catarina Catela
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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34
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Reynolds K, Zhang S, Sun B, Garland M, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Genetics and signaling mechanisms of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1588-1634. [PMID: 32666711 PMCID: PMC7883771 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and palate. Each of these movements are controlled by many different factors that are tightly regulated by several integral morphogenetic signaling pathways. Subject to both genetic and environmental influences, interruption at nearly any stage can disrupt lip, nasal, or palate fusion and result in a cleft. Here, we discuss many of the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the presentation of orofacial clefts in patients, and several of the key signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms that control lip and palate formation, as identified primarily through investigating equivalent processes in animal models, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Michael Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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35
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Ankamreddy H, Bok J, Groves AK. Uncovering the secreted signals and transcription factors regulating the development of mammalian middle ear ossicles. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1410-1424. [PMID: 33058336 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of ossicles, the malleus, incus, and stapes that act as an impedance matching device during the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. These ossicles are derived from cranial neural crest cells that undergo endochondral ossification and subsequently differentiate into their final functional forms. Defects that occur during middle ear development can result in conductive hearing loss. In this review, we summarize studies describing the crucial roles played by signaling molecules such as sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, notch ligands, and chemokines during the differentiation of neural crest into the middle ear ossicles. In addition to these cell-extrinsic signals, we also discuss studies on the function of transcription factor genes such as Foxi3, Tbx1, Bapx1, Pou3f4, and Gsc in regulating the development and morphology of the middle ear ossicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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36
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Siismets EM, Hatch NE. Cranial Neural Crest Cells and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Craniofacial Anomalies and Coronal Craniosynostosis. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030018. [PMID: 32916911 PMCID: PMC7558351 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies are among the most common of birth defects. The pathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies frequently involves defects in the migration, proliferation, and fate of neural crest cells destined for the craniofacial skeleton. Genetic mutations causing deficient cranial neural crest migration and proliferation can result in Treacher Collins syndrome, Pierre Robin sequence, and cleft palate. Defects in post-migratory neural crest cells can result in pre- or post-ossification defects in the developing craniofacial skeleton and craniosynostosis (premature fusion of cranial bones/cranial sutures). The coronal suture is the most frequently fused suture in craniosynostosis syndromes. It exists as a biological boundary between the neural crest-derived frontal bone and paraxial mesoderm-derived parietal bone. The objective of this review is to frame our current understanding of neural crest cells in craniofacial development, craniofacial anomalies, and the pathogenesis of coronal craniosynostosis. We will also discuss novel approaches for advancing our knowledge and developing prevention and/or treatment strategies for craniofacial tissue regeneration and craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Siismets
- Oral Health Sciences PhD Program, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA;
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-647-6567
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37
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Ihn HJ, Kim JA, Lim J, Nam SH, Hwang SH, Kim YK, Kim JY, Kim JE, Cho ES, Jiang R, Park EK. Bobby sox homolog regulates tooth root formation through modulation of dentin sialophosphoprotein. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:480-488. [PMID: 32537777 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tooth root development occurs through the interaction of multiple growth factors and transcription factors expressed in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and dental mesenchyme. Previously, we demonstrated that bobby sox homolog (Bbx) regulates odontoblast differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Here, we generated Bbx knockout (Bbx-/- ) mice to address the functional role of Bbx in tooth formation. During tooth development, Bbx was expressed in both dental epithelium and mesenchyme. However, molar and incisor morphology in Bbx-/- mice at postnatal Day 0 (P0) exhibited no prominent abnormalities compared with their wild-type (Bbx+/+ ) littermates. Until P28, the crown morphology in Bbx-/- mice was not distinctively different from Bbx+/+ littermates. Meanwhile, the length of the mandibular base in Bbx-/- mice was notably less at P28. Compared with Bbx+/+ mice, the mesial and distal root lengths of the first molar were reduced by 21.33% and 16.28% at P14 and 16.28% and 16.24% at P28, respectively, in Bbx-/- mice. The second molar of Bbx-/- mice also showed 10.16% and 6.4% reductions at P28 in the mesial and distal lengths, compared with Bbx+/+ mice, respectively. The gene expression analysis during early tooth root formation (P13) showed that the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) was significantly decreased in Bbx-/- mice. Collectively, our data suggest that Bbx participates in tooth root formation and might be associated with the regulation of Dspp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Ihn
- Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ang Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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38
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Luo L, Ambrozkiewicz MC, Benseler F, Chen C, Dumontier E, Falkner S, Furlanis E, Gomez AM, Hoshina N, Huang WH, Hutchison MA, Itoh-Maruoka Y, Lavery LA, Li W, Maruo T, Motohashi J, Pai ELL, Pelkey KA, Pereira A, Philips T, Sinclair JL, Stogsdill JA, Traunmüller L, Wang J, Wortel J, You W, Abumaria N, Beier KT, Brose N, Burgess HA, Cepko CL, Cloutier JF, Eroglu C, Goebbels S, Kaeser PS, Kay JN, Lu W, Luo L, Mandai K, McBain CJ, Nave KA, Prado MA, Prado VF, Rothstein J, Rubenstein JL, Saher G, Sakimura K, Sanes JR, Scheiffele P, Takai Y, Umemori H, Verhage M, Yuzaki M, Zoghbi HY, Kawabe H, Craig AM. Optimizing Nervous System-Specific Gene Targeting with Cre Driver Lines: Prevalence of Germline Recombination and Influencing Factors. Neuron 2020; 106:37-65.e5. [PMID: 32027825 PMCID: PMC7377387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system is invaluable for spatial and temporal control of gene knockout, knockin, and reporter expression in the mouse nervous system. However, we report varying probabilities of unexpected germline recombination in distinct Cre driver lines designed for nervous system-specific recombination. Selective maternal or paternal germline recombination is showcased with sample Cre lines. Collated data reveal germline recombination in over half of 64 commonly used Cre driver lines, in most cases with a parental sex bias related to Cre expression in sperm or oocytes. Slight differences among Cre driver lines utilizing common transcriptional control elements affect germline recombination rates. Specific target loci demonstrated differential recombination; thus, reporters are not reliable proxies for another locus of interest. Similar principles apply to other recombinase systems and other genetically targeted organisms. We hereby draw attention to the prevalence of germline recombination and provide guidelines to inform future research for the neuroscience and broader molecular genetics communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Mateusz C. Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Benseler
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Naosuke Hoshina
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Hutchison
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu Itoh-Maruoka
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Laura A. Lavery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77003, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Junko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Pelkey
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ariane Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Philips
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Sinclair
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeff A. Stogsdill
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jiexin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joke Wortel
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjia You
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Departments of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kevin T. Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harold A. Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constance L. Cepko
- Departments of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Neurobiology, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Kay
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Chris J. McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco A.M. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vania F. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John L.R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Joshua R. Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Huda Yahya Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77003, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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39
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de Vries M, Carpinelli M, Rutland E, Hatzipantelis A, Partridge D, Auden A, Anderson PJ, De Groef B, Wu H, Osterwalder M, Visel A, Jane SM, Dworkin S. Interrogating the Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) genomic locus identifies an enhancer element that regulates palatogenesis in mouse. Dev Biol 2020; 459:194-203. [PMID: 31782997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The highly-conserved Grainyhead-like (Grhl) transcription factors are critical regulators of embryogenesis that regulate cellular survival, proliferation, migration and epithelial integrity, especially during the formation of the craniofacial skeleton. Family member Grhl2 is expressed throughout epithelial tissues during development, and loss of Grhl2 function leads to significant defects in neurulation, abdominal wall closure, formation of the face and fusion of the maxilla/palate. Whereas numerous downstream target genes of Grhl2 have been identified, very little is known about how this crucial developmental transcription factor itself is regulated. Here, using in silico and in utero expression analyses and functional deletion in mice, we have identified a novel 2.4 kb enhancer element (mm1286) that drives reporter gene expression in a pattern that strongly recapitulates endogenous Grhl2 in the craniofacial primordia, modulates Grhl2 expression in these tissues, and augments Grhl2-mediated closure of the secondary palate. Deletion of this genomic element, in the context of inactivation of one allele of Grhl2 (through generation of double heterozygous Grhl2+/-;mm1286+/- mice), results in a significant predisposition to palatal clefting at birth. Moreover, we found that a highly conserved 325 bp region of mm1286 is both necessary and sufficient for mediating the craniofacial-specific enhancer activity of this region, and that an extremely well-conserved 12-bp sequence within this element (CTGTCAAACAGGT) substantially determines full enhancer function. Together, these data provide valuable new insights into the upstream genomic regulatory landscape responsible for transcriptional control of Grhl2 during palatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Marina Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Emilie Rutland
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Aaron Hatzipantelis
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Darren Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Han Wu
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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40
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Xu J, Wang L, Huang Z, Chen Y, Shao M. Exogenous FGF8 signaling in osteocytes leads to mandibular hypoplasia in mice. Oral Dis 2020; 26:590-596. [PMID: 31863612 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) signaling is essential in regulating craniofacial osteogenesis. This study aims to explore the effect of altered FGF8 signaling in maxillomandibular development during embryogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dmp1Cre ;R26RmTmG mice were generated to trace Dmp1+ cell lineage, and Dmp1Cre ;R26RFgf8 mice were generated to explore the effects of augmented FGF8 signaling in Dmp1+ cells on osteogenesis with a focus on maxillomandibular development during embryogenesis, as assessed by whole mount skeletal staining, histology, and immunostaining. Additionally, cell proliferation rate and the expression of osteogenic genes were examined. RESULTS Osteocytes of maxillomandibular bones were found Dmp1-positive prenatally, and Fgf8 over-expression in Dmp1+ cells led to mandibular hypoplasia. While Dmp1Cre allele functions in the osteocytes of the developing mandibular bone at as early as E13.5, and enhanced cell proliferation rate is observed in the bone forming region of the mandible in Dmp1Cre ;R26RFgf8 mice at E14.5, histological examination showed that osteogenesis was initially impacted at E15.5, along with an inhibition of osteogenic differentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS Augmented FGF8 signaling in Dmp1+ cells lead to osteogenic deficiency in the mandibular bones, resulting in mandibular hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Linyan Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, and Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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41
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Zhuang K, Huang C, Leng L, Zheng H, Gao Y, Chen G, Ji Z, Sun H, Hu Y, Wu D, Shi M, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xue M, Bu G, Huang TY, Xu H, Zhang J. Neuron-Specific Menin Deletion Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment by Modulating p35 Expression. Cell Rep 2019; 24:701-712. [PMID: 30021166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin (MEN1) is a critical modulator of tissue development and maintenance. As such, MEN1 mutations are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Although menin is abundantly expressed in the nervous system, little is known with regard to its function in the adult brain. Here, we demonstrate that neuron-specific deletion of Men1 (CcKO) affects dendritic branching and spine formation, resulting in defects in synaptic function, learning, and memory. Furthermore, we find that menin binds to the p35 promoter region to facilitate p35 transcription. As a primary Cdk5 activator, p35 is expressed mainly in neurons and is critical for brain development and synaptic plasticity. Restoration of p35 expression in the hippocampus and cortex of Men1 CcKO mice rescues synaptic and cognitive deficits associated with Men1 deletion. These results reveal a critical role for menin in synaptic and cognitive function by modulating the p35-Cdk5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changquan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lige Leng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuehong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guimiao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhilin Ji
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Di Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yunwu Zhang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maoqiang Xue
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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42
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DiStasio A, Paulding D, Chaturvedi P, Stottmann RW. Nubp2 is required for cranial neural crest survival in the mouse. Dev Biol 2019; 458:189-199. [PMID: 31733190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) ←forward genetic screen is a useful tool for the unbiased discovery of novel mechanisms regulating developmental processes. We recovered the dorothy mutation in such a screen designed to recover recessive mutations affecting craniofacial development in the mouse. Dorothy embryos die prenatally and exhibit many striking phenotypes commonly associated with ciliopathies, including a severe midfacial clefting phenotype. We used exome sequencing to discover a missense mutation in nucleotide binding protein 2 (Nubp2) to be causative. This finding was confirmed by a complementation assay with the dorothy allele and an independent Nubp2 null allele (Nubp2null). We demonstrated that Nubp2 is indispensable for embryogenesis. NUBP2 is implicated in both the cytosolic iron/sulfur cluster assembly pathway and negative regulation of ciliogenesis. Conditional ablation of Nubp2 in the neural crest lineage with Wnt1-cre recapitulates the dorothy craniofacial phenotype. Using this model, we found that the proportion of ciliated cells in the craniofacial mesenchyme was unchanged, and that markers of the SHH, FGF, and BMP signaling pathways are unaltered. Finally, we show evidence that the phenotype results from a marked increase in apoptosis within the craniofacial mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Shriner's Hospital for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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43
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Elsten EECM, Caron CJJM, Dunaway DJ, Padwa BL, Forrest C, Koudstaal MJ. Dental anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 23:16-26. [PMID: 31608577 PMCID: PMC7003932 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To provide an overview on the prevalence and types of dental anomalies in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM). Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were CFM and dental anomalies. The following data were extracted: number of patients, methodology, mean age, sex, affected side, severity of mandibular hypoplasia, dentition stage and dental anomalies. Information sources: Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, searched until the 30 August 2019. Risk of bias: The quality was examined with the OCEBM Levels of Evidence. Included studies: In total, 13 papers were included: four retrospective cohort studies, four prospective cohort studies, four case‐control studies and one case series. Synthesis of results: The studies reported information on dental agenesis, delayed dental development, tooth size anomalies, tooth morphology and other dental anomalies. Description of the effect: Dental anomalies are more often diagnosed in patients with CFM than in healthy controls and occur more often on the affected than on the non‐affected side. Strengths and limitations of evidence: This is the first systematic review study on dental anomalies in CFM. However, most articles were of low quality. Interpretation: Dental anomalies are common in CFM, which might be linked to the development of CFM. The pathophysiology of CFM is not entirely clear, and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E C M Elsten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia's Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia J J M Caron
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia's Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Dunaway
- The Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bonnie L Padwa
- The Craniofacial Centre, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris Forrest
- The Center for Craniofacial Care and Research, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maarten J Koudstaal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia's Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,The Craniofacial Centre, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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44
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Ser-Od T, Al-Wahabi A, Inoue K, Nakajima K, Matsuzaka K, Inoue T. Effect of EDTA-treated dentin on the differentiation of mouse iPS cells into osteogenic/odontogenic lineages in vitro and in vivo. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:830-838. [PMID: 31341145 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of EDTA-treated dentin on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Dentin discs were prepared from bovine incisors and treated with 17% EDTA. Embryoid bodies (EBs) formed from mouse iPS cells were seeded on the dentin discs for the experiment. The roughness of the EDTA-treated dentin surface, Sa and Sdr, was higher and collagen fibrillike structures were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in vitro. In RT-PCR, the mRNA levels of the osteoblast markers Bsp and Ocn were significantly higher in the experimental group. Expression of the DMP1, DSP, and BSP proteins were more notable in the experimental group by immunofluorescence (ICF) study. In vivo study, cartilage and bone-like tissue were observed adjacent to the EDTA-treated dentin. The study demonstrates that the dentin treated with 17% EDTA induces mouse iPS cells to differentiate into the osteo/odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tungalag Ser-Od
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Akram Al-Wahabi
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Kenji Inoue
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
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45
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Gebuijs IGE, Raterman ST, Metz JR, Swanenberg L, Zethof J, Van den Bos R, Carels CEL, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Fgf8a mutation affects craniofacial development and skeletal gene expression in zebrafish larvae. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039834. [PMID: 31471293 PMCID: PMC6777363 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development is tightly regulated and therefore highly vulnerable to disturbance by genetic and environmental factors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) direct migration, proliferation and survival of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) forming the human face. In this study, we analyzed bone and cartilage formation in the head of five dpf fgf8ati282 zebrafish larvae and assessed gene expression levels for 11 genes involved in these processes. In addition, in situ hybridization was performed on 8 and 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) larvae (fgf8a, dlx2a, runx2a, col2a1a). A significant size reduction of eight out of nine craniofacial cartilage structures was found in homozygous mutant (6–36%, P<0.01) and heterozygous (7–24%, P<0.01) larvae. Also, nine mineralized structures were not observed in all or part of the homozygous (0–71%, P<0.0001) and heterozygous (33–100%, P<0.0001) larvae. In homozygote mutants, runx2a and sp7 expression was upregulated compared to wild type, presumably to compensate for the reduced bone formation. Decreased col9a1b expression may compromise cartilage formation. Upregulated dlx2a in homozygotes indicates impaired CNCC function. Dlx2a expression was reduced in the first and second stream of CNCCs in homozygous mutants at 24 hpf, as shown by in situ hybridization. This indicates an impairment of CNCC migration and survival by fgf8 mutation. Summary: A function-blocking mutation in fgf8a causes craniofacial malformations in zebrafish larvae due to impaired cranial neural crest cell migration and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G E Gebuijs
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S T Raterman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J R Metz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Swanenberg
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Zethof
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Van den Bos
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C E L Carels
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Health Sciences and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands .,Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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46
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Abstract
Deviations from the precisely coordinated programme of human head development can lead to craniofacial and orofacial malformations often including a variety of dental abnormalities too. Although the aetiology is still unknown in many cases, during the last decades different intracellular signalling pathways have been genetically linked to specific disorders. Among these pathways, the RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling cascade is the focus of this review since it encompasses a large group of genes that when mutated cause some of the most common and severe developmental anomalies in humans. We present the components of the RAS/ERK pathway implicated in craniofacial and orodental disorders through a series of human and animal studies. We attempt to unravel the specific molecular targets downstream of ERK that act on particular cell types and regulate key steps in the associated developmental processes. Finally we point to ambiguities in our current knowledge that need to be clarified before RAS/ERK-targeting therapeutic approaches can be implemented.
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47
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Abstract
Jaw bones and teeth originate from the first pharyngeal arch and develop in closely related ways. Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are required for the early patterning and morphogenesis of both tissues. Here we review the cellular contribution during the development of the jaw bones and teeth. We also highlight signaling networks as well as transcription factors mediating tissue-tissue interactions that are essential for jaw bone and tooth development. Finally, we discuss the potential for stem cell mediated regenerative therapies to mitigate disorders and injuries that affect these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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48
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Green AC, Rudolph-Stringer V, Chantry AD, Wu JY, Purton LE. Mesenchymal lineage cells and their importance in B lymphocyte niches. Bone 2019; 119:42-56. [PMID: 29183783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early B lymphopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is reliant on interactions with numerous cell types in the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly those of the mesenchymal lineage. Each cellular niche that supports the distinct stages of B lymphopoiesis is unique. Different cell types and signaling molecules are important for the progressive stages of B lymphocyte differentiation. Cells expressing CXCL12 and IL-7 have long been recognized as having essential roles in facilitating progression through stages of B lymphopoiesis. Recently, a number of other factors that extrinsically mediate B lymphopoiesis (positively or negatively) have been identified. In addition, the use of transgenic mouse models to delete specific genes in mesenchymal lineage cells has further contributed to our understanding of how B lymphopoiesis is regulated in the bone marrow. This review will cover the current understanding of B lymphocyte niches in the bone marrow and key extrinsic molecules and signaling pathways involved in these niches, with a focus on how mesenchymal lineage cells regulate B lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Victoria Rudolph-Stringer
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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49
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Ankamreddy H, Min H, Kim JY, Yang X, Cho ES, Kim UK, Bok J. Region-specific endodermal signals direct neural crest cells to form the three middle ear ossicles. Development 2019; 146:dev.167965. [PMID: 30630826 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the middle ear ossicles - malleus, incus and stapes - can lead to conductive hearing loss. During development, neural crest cells (NCCs) migrate from the dorsal hindbrain to specific locations in pharyngeal arch (PA) 1 and 2, to form the malleus-incus and stapes, respectively. It is unclear how migratory NCCs reach their proper destination in the PA and initiate mesenchymal condensation to form specific ossicles. We show that secreted molecules sonic hedgehog (SHH) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm are important in instructing region-specific NCC condensation to form malleus-incus and stapes, respectively, in mouse. Tissue-specific knockout of Shh in the pharyngeal endoderm or Smo (a transducer of SHH signaling) in NCCs causes the loss of malleus-incus condensation in PA1 but only affects the maintenance of stapes condensation in PA2. By contrast, knockout of Bmp4 in the pharyngeal endoderm or Smad4 (a transducer of TGFβ/BMP signaling) in the NCCs disrupts NCC migration into the stapes region in PA2, affecting stapes formation. These results indicate that region-specific endodermal signals direct formation of specific middle ear ossicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinarayana Ankamreddy
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyehyun Min
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Un-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea .,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Xu J, Liu H, Lan Y, Adam M, Clouthier DE, Potter S, Jiang R. Hedgehog signaling patterns the oral-aboral axis of the mandibular arch. eLife 2019; 8:40315. [PMID: 30638444 PMCID: PMC6347453 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of vertebrate jaws involves patterning neural crest-derived mesenchyme cells into distinct subpopulations along the proximal-distal and oral-aboral axes. Although the molecular mechanisms patterning the proximal-distal axis have been well studied, little is known regarding the mechanisms patterning the oral-aboral axis. Using unbiased single-cell RNA-seq analysis followed by in situ analysis of gene expression profiles, we show that Shh and Bmp4 signaling pathways are activated in a complementary pattern along the oral-aboral axis in mouse embryonic mandibular arch. Tissue-specific inactivation of hedgehog signaling in neural crest-derived mandibular mesenchyme led to expansion of BMP signaling activity to throughout the oral-aboral axis of the distal mandibular arch and subsequently duplication of dentary bone in the oral side of the mandible at the expense of tongue formation. Further studies indicate that hedgehog signaling acts through the Foxf1/2 transcription factors to specify the oral fate and pattern the oral-aboral axis of the mandibular mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - David E Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, United States
| | - Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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