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Singh H, Mishra AK, Mohanto S, Kumar A, Mishra A, Amin R, Darwin CR, Emran TB. A recent update on the connection between dietary phytochemicals and skin cancer: emerging understanding of the molecular mechanism. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5877-5913. [PMID: 39359831 PMCID: PMC11444613 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Constant exposure to harmful substances from both inside and outside the body can mess up the body's natural ways of keeping itself in balance. This can cause severe skin damage, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. However, plant-derived compounds found in fruits and vegetables have been shown to protect against skin cancer-causing free radicals and other harmful substances. It has been determined that these dietary phytochemicals are effective in preventing skin cancer and are widely available, inexpensive, and well-tolerated. Studies have shown that these phytochemicals possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic properties that can aid in the prevention of skin cancers. In addition, they influence crucial cellular processes such as angiogenesis and cell cycle control, which can halt the progression of skin cancer. The present paper discusses the benefits of specific dietary phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, as well as the signaling pathways they regulate, the molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention of skin cancer, and their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | | | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Arvind Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam downtown University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Morais JAV, Barros PHA, Brigido MDM, Marina CL, Bocca A, Mariano ADLES, Souza PEND, Paiva KLR, Simões MM, Bao SN, Camargo LC, Longo JPF, Morais AAC, Azevedo RBD, Fonseca MJP, Muehlmann LA. Direct and Abscopal Antitumor Responses Elicited by AlPcNE-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in a Murine Melanoma Model. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 39339213 PMCID: PMC11435272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, presents a major clinical challenge due to its tendency to metastasize and recalcitrance to traditional therapies. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the outlook for advanced melanoma remains bleak, reinforcing the urgent need for more effective treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative, leading to targeted tumor destruction with minimal harm to surrounding tissues. In this study, the direct and abscopal antitumor effects of PDT in a bilateral murine melanoma model were evaluated. Although only one of the two tumors was treated, effects were observed in both. Our findings revealed significant changes in systemic inflammation and alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in treated groups, as evidenced by blood analyses and flow cytometry. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) further unveiled shifts in gene expression profiles in both treated and untreated tumors. This research sheds light on the novel antitumor and abscopal effects of nanoemulsion of aluminum chloride phthalocyanine (AlPcNE)-mediated PDT in melanoma, highlighting the potential of different PDT protocols to modulate immune responses and to achieve more effective and targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Athayde Vasconcelos Morais
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia Ceilandia Sul, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro H A Barros
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Macedo Brigido
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Clara Luna Marina
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Anamelia Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - André de Lima E Silva Mariano
- Laboratory for Softwares and Physics Instrumentation Development, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo E N de Souza
- Laboratory for Softwares and Physics Instrumentation Development, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Karen L R Paiva
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marina Mesquita Simões
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sonia Nair Bao
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana C Camargo
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - João P Figueiró Longo
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda Alencar Cabral Morais
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcio J P Fonseca
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luis A Muehlmann
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia Ceilandia Sul, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
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3
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Maloberti T, De Leo A, Coluccelli S, Sanza V, Gruppioni E, Altimari A, Comito F, Melotti B, Marchese PV, Dika E, Venturi F, Corti B, Ciccimarra G, Ciceu CA, Tallini G, de Biase D. Molecular Characterization of Advanced-Stage Melanomas in Clinical Practice Using a Laboratory-Developed Next-Generation Sequencing Panel. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:800. [PMID: 38667446 PMCID: PMC11048853 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most lethal tumors among skin cancers, characterized by complex genetic and molecular alterations that result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastatic spread. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the simultaneous examination of numerous genes, making this molecular technique essential for melanoma diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapy planning. Herein, we present the experience with our laboratory-designed NGS panel for the routine assessment of advanced-stage melanoma. A total of 260 specimens of advanced-stage melanomas were evaluated utilizing a laboratory-developed multi-gene NGS panel, which allowed the investigation of 229 amplicons in 25 oncogene/oncosuppressor genes. The NGS panel proved to be a reliable tool, failing to produce results in only 1.2% of the samples tested. BRAF and TERT were the two more commonly altered genes in 44.0% and 59.9% of samples, respectively. In 59.3% of the mutated cases, at least two concomitant variants were detected. In eight cases, both primary lesion and metastatic disease were analyzed by NGS. In all specimens (8/8, 100%), a perfect concordance in variants harbored by the primary and recurrence lesions was observed. Finally, this study described the validity of a laboratory-developed multi-gene NGS panel built specifically for advanced-stage melanomas in ordinary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Maloberti
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Sara Coluccelli
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Viviana Sanza
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Elisa Gruppioni
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Annalisa Altimari
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Francesca Comito
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy (B.M.); (P.V.M.)
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy (B.M.); (P.V.M.)
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy (B.M.); (P.V.M.)
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.D.); (F.V.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Venturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.D.); (F.V.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Corti
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giulia Ciccimarra
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Crina Adriana Ciceu
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Dario de Biase
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (T.M.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (V.S.); (E.G.); (A.A.); (G.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (C.A.C.)
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Porter KI, Dakup PP, Wang S, Robertson GP, Gaddameedhi S, Zhu J. Telomere dysfunction in Tert knockout mice delays Braf V600E -induced melanoma development. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:548-560. [PMID: 37727982 PMCID: PMC10840707 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase activation is a crucial step in melanomagenesis, often occurring because of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced mutations at the telomerase gene (TERT) promoter and rendering TERT transcription in response to the activated Raf-MAP kinase pathway by BRAFV600E mutation. Due to the excessively long telomeres in mice, this process does not occur during melanomagenesis in mouse models. To investigate the impact of telomere dysfunction on melanomagenesis, BrafV600E was induced in generations 1 and 4 (G1 and G4) of Tert-/- mice. Our findings revealed that, regardless of UVR exposure, melanoma development was delayed in G4 mice, which had shorter telomeres compared to G1 and wild-type C57BL/6J (G0) mice. Moreover, many G4 tumors displayed an accumulation of excessive DNA damage, as evidenced by increased γH2A.X staining. Tumors from UVR-exposed mice exhibited elevated p53 protein expression. Cultured tumor cells isolated from G4 mice displayed abundant chromosomal fusions and rearrangements, indicative of telomere dysfunction in these cells. Additionally, tumor cells derived from UVB-exposed mice exhibited constitutively elevated expression of mutant p53 proteins, suggesting that p53 was a target of UVB-induced mutagenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that telomere dysfunction hampers melanomagenesis, and targeting telomere crisis-mediated genomic instability may hold promise for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Panshak P. Dakup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Gavin P. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jiyue Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
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5
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Roudsari PP, Alavi-Moghadam S, Aghayan HR, Arjmand R, Gilany K, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Arjmand B. GMP-Based Isolation of Full-Term Human Placenta-Derived NK Cells for CAR-NK Cell Therapy in Malignant Melanoma. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2849:203-213. [PMID: 37801257 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a severe type of skin cancer, poses significant management challenges due to its resistance to available treatments. Despite this obstacle, the high immunogenicity of melanoma renders it amenable to immune therapy, and NK cells have been identified as possessing anti-tumor properties in immunotherapy. The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified NK cells, or CAR-NK cells, has shown potential in enhancing immunotherapeutic regimens. To achieve this, researchers have explored various sources of NK cells, including those derived from the placenta, which offers benefits compared to other sources due to their limited ex vivo expansion potential. Recent studies have indicated the capacity to expand functional NK cells from placenta-derived cells in vitro that possess anti-tumor cytolytic properties. This chapter discusses the isolation of full-term human placenta-derived NK cells using Good Manufacturing Practice-based methods for CAR-NK cell therapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Arjmand
- Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA), Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Ghorbani R, Hosseinzadeh S, Azari A, Taghipour N, Soleimani M, Rahimpour A, Abbaszadeh HA. The Current Status and Future Direction of Extracellular Nano-vesicles in the Alleviation of Skin Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:351-366. [PMID: 37073662 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230418121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. A gel-forming α-MSH analog promotes lasting melanogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176008. [PMID: 37673364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The α-MSH peptide plays a significant role in the regulation of pigmentation via the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). It increases the DNA repair capacity of melanocytes and reduces the incidence of skin cancers. As such, α-MSH analogs could have the utility for protecting against UV-induced skin DNA damage in susceptible patients. Recently, α-MSH analogs have been approved for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, hypoactive sexual desire, or pediatric obesity. However, the delivery of these drugs requires inconvenient implants or frequent injections. We recently found that select palmitoylated melanocortin analogs such as afamelanotide and adrenocorticotropin peptides self-assemble to form liquid gels in situ. To explore the utility of these novel analogs, we studied their pharmacological characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Acylated afamelanotide (DDE 313) and ACTH1-24 (DDE314) analogs form liquid gels at 6-20% and have a significantly increased viscosity at >2.5% compared to original analogs. Using the DDE313 analog as a prototype, we showed gel-formation reduces the passage of DDE313 through Centricon filters, and subcutaneous injection of analog gel in rats leads to the sustained presence of the peptide in circulation for >12 days. In addition, DDE313 darkened the skin of frogs for >4 weeks, whereas those injected with an equivalent dose of afamelanotide lost the tanning response within a few days. Because self-assembled gels allow sustained activation of melanocortin receptors, further studies of these analogs may allow the development of effective and convenient tanning therapies to prophylactically protect against UV-induced malignant transformation of skin cells in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, United States
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8
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Kaplánek R, Kejík Z, Hajduch J, Veselá K, Kučnirová K, Skaličková M, Venhauerová A, Hosnedlová B, Hromádka R, Dytrych P, Novotný P, Abramenko N, Antonyová V, Hoskovec D, Babula P, Masařík M, Martásek P, Jakubek M. TET protein inhibitors: Potential and limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115324. [PMID: 37598475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TET proteins (methylcytosine dioxygenases) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of their activity is associated with many serious pathogenic states such as oncological diseases. Regulation of their activity by specific inhibitors could represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Therefore, this review describes various types of TET protein inhibitors in terms of their inhibitory mechanism and possible applicability. The potential and possible limitations of this approach are thoroughly discussed in the context of TET protein functionality in living systems. Furthermore, possible therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of TET proteins are presented and evaluated, especially in the field of oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kaplánek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Veselá
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kučnirová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Skaličková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Venhauerová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Hosnedlová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Hromádka
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dytrych
- 1st Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novotný
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Abramenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Antonyová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Hoskovec
- 1st Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
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9
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Polubothu S, Bender N, Muthiah S, Zecchin D, Demetriou C, Martin SB, Malhotra S, Travnickova J, Zeng Z, Böhm M, Barbarot S, Cottrell C, Davies O, Baselga E, Burrows NP, Carmignac V, Diaz JS, Fink C, Haenssle HA, Happle R, Harland M, Majerowski J, Vabres P, Vincent M, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Siegel D, Patton EE, Topf M, Rajan N, Drolet B, Kinsler VA. PTPN11 Mosaicism Causes a Spectrum of Pigmentary and Vascular Neurocutaneous Disorders and Predisposes to Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1042-1051.e3. [PMID: 36566878 PMCID: PMC10602917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis is a diagnosis that denotes the coexistence of pigmentary and vascular birthmarks of specific types, accompanied by variable multisystem involvement, including CNS disease, asymmetrical growth, and a predisposition to malignancy. Using a tight phenotypic group and high-depth next-generation sequencing of affected tissues, we discover here clonal mosaic variants in gene PTPN11 encoding SHP2 phosphatase as a cause of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type III or spilorosea. Within an individual, the same variant is found in distinct pigmentary and vascular birthmarks and is undetectable in blood. We go on to show that the same variants can cause either the pigmentary or vascular phenotypes alone, and drive melanoma development within pigmentary lesions. Protein structure modeling highlights that although variants lead to loss of function at the level of the phosphatase domain, resultant conformational changes promote longer ligand binding. In vitro modeling of the missense variants confirms downstream MAPK pathway overactivation and widespread disruption of human endothelial cell angiogenesis. Importantly, patients with PTPN11 mosaicism theoretically risk passing on the variant to their children as the germline RASopathy Noonan syndrome with lentigines. These findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and biology of nevus spilus and capillary malformation syndromes, paving the way for better clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Bender
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Siobhan Muthiah
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Zecchin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Barberan Martin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sony Malhotra
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastien Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Cottrell
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Childrens' Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Olivia Davies
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, SJD Barcelona Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nigel P Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Joey Santiago Diaz
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Philippines; Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jacquelyn Majerowski
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pierre Vabres
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julia A Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - D Tim Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Topf
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Virologie (LIV) and Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neil Rajan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Malvi P, Reddy DS, Kumar R, Chava S, Burela S, Parajuli K, Zhang X, Wajapeyee N. LIMK2 promotes melanoma tumor growth and metastasis through G3BP1-ESM1 pathway-mediated apoptosis inhibition. Oncogene 2023; 42:1478-1491. [PMID: 36922679 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer-related deaths, and current melanoma therapies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies, benefit only a subset of metastatic melanoma patients due to either intrinsic or acquired resistance. LIM domain kinase 2 (LIMK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in the regulation of actin filament dynamics. Here, we show that LIMK2 is overexpressed in melanoma, and its genetic or pharmacological inhibition impairs melanoma tumor growth and metastasis in both cell culture and mice. To determine the mechanism by which LIMK2 promotes melanoma tumor growth and metastatic progression, we performed a phosphoproteomics analysis and identified G3BP1 as a key LIMK2 target, which mirrored the effects of LIMK2 inhibition when inhibited. To further determine the role of G3BP1 downstream of LIMK2, we knocked down the expression of G3BP1, performed RNA-seq analysis, and identified ESM1 as a downstream target of G3BP1. G3BP1 was required for ESM1 mRNA stability, and ESM1 ectopic expression rescued LIMK2 or G3BP1 inhibition-induced suppression of melanoma growth and metastatic attributes. These results collectively identify the LIMK2→G3BP1→ESM1 pathway as a facilitator of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis and document that LIMK2 is a therapeutically tractable target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Dhana Sekhar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Sneha Burela
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Keshab Parajuli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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11
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Pereira I, Monteiro C, Pereira-Silva M, Peixoto D, Nunes C, Reis S, Veiga F, Hamblin MR, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanodelivery systems for cutaneous melanoma treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:214-247. [PMID: 36773725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a multifactorial disease whose treatment still presents challenges: the rapid progression to advanced CM, which leads to frequent recurrences even after surgical excision and, notably, the low response rates and resistance to the available therapies, particularly in the case of unresectable metastatic CM. Thereby, alternative innovative therapeutic approaches for CM continue to be searched. In this review we discuss relevant preclinical research studies, and provide a broad-brush analysis of patents and clinical trials which involve the application of nanotechnology-based delivery systems in CM therapy. Nanodelivery systems have been developed for the delivery of anticancer biomolecules to CM, which can be administered by different routes. Overall, nanosystems could promote technological advances in several therapeutic modalities and can be used in combinatorial therapies. Nevertheless, the results of these preclinical studies have not been translated to clinical applications. Thus, concerted and collaborative research studies involving basic, applied, translational, and clinical scientists need to be performed to allow the development of effective and safe nanomedicines to treat CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Peixoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Birkeälv S, Harland M, Matsuyama LSAS, Rashid M, Mehta I, Laye JP, Haase K, Mell T, Iyer V, Robles‐Espinoza CD, McDermott U, van Loo P, Kuijjer ML, Possik PA, Maria Engler SS, Bishop DT, Newton‐Bishop J, Adams DJ. Mutually exclusive genetic interactions and gene essentiality shape the genomic landscape of primary melanoma. J Pathol 2023; 259:56-68. [PMID: 36219477 PMCID: PMC10098817 DOI: 10.1002/path.6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a heterogenous malignancy with an unpredictable clinical course. Most patients who present in the clinic are diagnosed with primary melanoma, yet large-scale sequencing efforts have focused primarily on metastatic disease. In this study we sequence-profiled 524 American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I-III primary tumours. Our analysis of these data reveals recurrent driver mutations, mutually exclusive genetic interactions, where two genes were never or rarely co-mutated, and an absence of co-occurring genetic events. Further, we intersected copy number calls from our primary melanoma data with whole-genome CRISPR screening data to identify the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) as a melanoma-associated dependency. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Birkeälv
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Mark Harland
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyUniversity of Leeds School of MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Larissa Satiko Alcantara Sekimoto Matsuyama
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Mamun Rashid
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Ishan Mehta
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Jonathan P Laye
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyUniversity of Leeds School of MedicineLeedsUK
| | | | - Tracey Mell
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyUniversity of Leeds School of MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Carla Daniela Robles‐Espinoza
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma HumanoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus JuriquillaSantiago de QuerétaroMexico
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | | | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Pathology and Leiden Center for Computational OncologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Possik
- Division of Experimental and Translational ResearchBrazilian National Cancer InstituteRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyUniversity of Leeds School of MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Julia Newton‐Bishop
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyUniversity of Leeds School of MedicineLeedsUK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusCambridgeUK
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13
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Role of miRNA in Melanoma Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010201. [PMID: 36613640 PMCID: PMC9820801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and progressive skin cancers. It develops from normal pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, so it is important to know the mechanism behind such transformations. The study of metastasis mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding the biology of neoplastic cells. Metastasis of melanoma, or any type of cancer, is a multi-stage process in which the neoplastic cells leave the primary tumour, travel through the blood and/or lymphatic vessels, settle in distant organs and create secondary tumours. MicroRNA (miRNA) can participate in several steps of the metastatic process. This review presents the role of miRNA molecules in the development and progression as well as the immune response to melanoma.
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14
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Mahumud RA, Shahjalal M. The Emerging Burden of Genetic Instability and Mutation in Melanoma: Role of Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246202. [PMID: 36551688 PMCID: PMC9776466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a severe skin cancer affecting thousands of people and a growing public health concern worldwide. The potential hallmarks of melanoma are genetic instability and mutation (GIAM), which are driving mechanisms for phenotypic variation and adaptation in melanoma. In metastatic melanoma, DNA repair-associated genes are frequently expressed at higher levels than in primary cancers, suggesting melanoma cells rely on genetic stability to spread distantly. The tumour microenvironment is affected by genomic instability and melanoma mutation (GIMM), which plays significant roles in developing GIMM and their contributions to the overall disease burden. The GIAM is the crucial vulnerability of cancer cells, determining their sensitivity to harmful treatments, including radiation and many chemotherapeutics. The high incidence of melanoma is typically associated with genetic modifications, and several clinical and genetic interventions have been critical in easing the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Md. Shahjalal
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
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15
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Yao W, German B, Chraa D, Braud A, Hugel C, Meyer P, Davidson G, Laurette P, Mengus G, Flatter E, Marschall P, Segaud J, Guivarch M, Hener P, Birling MC, Lipsker D, Davidson I, Li M. Keratinocyte-derived cytokine TSLP promotes growth and metastasis of melanoma by regulating the tumor-associated immune microenvironment. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161438. [PMID: 36107619 PMCID: PMC9675576 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a major public health issue displaying frequent resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. A major challenge lies in better understanding how melanoma cells evade immune elimination and how tumor growth and metastasis is facilitated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that expression of the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by epidermal keratinocytes is induced by cutaneous melanoma in both mice and humans. Using genetically engineered models of melanoma and tumor cell grafting combined with TSLP-KO or overexpression, we defined a crosstalk between melanoma cells, keratinocytes, and immune cells in establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Keratinocyte-derived TSLP is induced by signals derived from melanoma cells and subsequently acts via immune cells to promote melanoma progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we show that TSLP signals through TSLP receptor-expressing (TSLPR-expressing) DCs to play an unrecognized role in promoting GATA3+ Tregs expressing a gene signature including ST2, CCR8, ICOS, PD-1, CTLA-4, and OX40 and exhibiting a potent suppressive activity on CD8+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. An analogous population of GATA3-expressing Tregs was also identified in human melanoma tumors. Our study provides insights into the role of TSLP in programming a protumoral immune microenvironment in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Yao
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Beatriz German
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Dounia Chraa
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Antoine Braud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Dermatology Clinic, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cecile Hugel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Patrick Laurette
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabrielle Mengus
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Flatter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Marschall
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Justine Segaud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marine Guivarch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Hener
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Dan Lipsker
- Dermatology Clinic, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mei Li
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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16
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Stejerean-Todoran I, Gimotty PA, Watters A, Brafford P, Krepler C, Godok T, Li H, Bonilla Del Rio Z, Zieseniss A, Katschinski DM, Sertel SM, Rizzoli SO, Garman B, Nathanson KL, Xu X, Chen Q, Oswald JH, Lotem M, Mills GB, Davies MA, Schön MP, Bogeski I, Herlyn M, Vultur A. A distinct pattern of growth and RAC1 signaling in melanoma brain metastasis cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 25:674-686. [PMID: 36054930 PMCID: PMC10076948 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, the deadliest of skin cancers, has a high propensity to form brain metastases that are associated with a markedly worsened prognosis. In spite of recent therapeutic advances, melanoma brain lesions remain a clinical challenge, biomarkers predicting brain dissemination are not clear and differences with other metastatic sites are poorly understood. METHODS We examined a genetically diverse panel of human-derived melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) and extracranial cell lines using targeted sequencing, a Reverse Phase Protein Array, protein expression analyses, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Brain-specific genetic alterations were not detected; however, MBM cells in vitro displayed lower proliferation rates and MBM-specific protein expression patterns associated with proliferation, DNA damage, adhesion, and migration. MBM lines displayed higher levels of RAC1 expression, involving a distinct RAC1-PAK1-JNK1 signaling network. RAC1 knockdown or treatment with small molecule inhibitors contributed to a less aggressive MBM phenotype in vitro, while RAC1 knockdown in vivo led to reduced tumor volumes and delayed tumor appearance. Proliferation, adhesion, and migration were higher in MBM vs. non-MBM lines in the presence of insulin or brain-derived factors and were affected by RAC1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that despite their genetic variability, MBM engage specific molecular processes such as RAC1 signaling to adapt to the brain microenvironment and this can be used for the molecular characterization and treatment of brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Stejerean-Todoran
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Watters
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Brafford
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tetiana Godok
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haiyin Li
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuriñe Bonilla Del Rio
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sinem M Sertel
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bradley Garman
- Department of Medicine, Div. Translational Medicine and Human Genetics; Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Div. Translational Medicine and Human Genetics; Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Immunology Microenvironment & Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack H Oswald
- Immunology Microenvironment & Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IL
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adina Vultur
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Fujimura Y, Kumazoe M, Tachibana H. 67-kDa Laminin Receptor-Mediated Cellular Sensing System of Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG and Functional Food Pairing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165130. [PMID: 36014370 PMCID: PMC9416087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The body is equipped with a “food factor-sensing system” that senses food factors, such as polyphenols, sulfur-containing compounds, and vitamins, taken into the body, and plays an essential role in manifesting their physiological effects. For example, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the representative catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensi L.), exerts various effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects, when sensed by the cell surficial protein 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR). Here, we focus on three representative effects of EGCG and provide their specific signaling mechanisms, the 67LR-mediated EGCG-sensing systems. Various components present in foods, such as eriodictyol, hesperetin, sulfide, vitamin A, and fatty acids, have been found to act on the food factor-sensing system and affect the functionality of other foods/food factors, such as green tea extract, EGCG, or its O-methylated derivative at different experimental levels, i.e., in vitro, animal models, and/or clinical trials. These phenomena are observed by increasing or decreasing the activity or expression of EGCG-sensing-related molecules. Such functional interaction between food factors is called “functional food pairing”. In this review, we introduce examples of functional food pairings using EGCG.
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18
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Liu SY, Wang H, Nie G. Ultrasensitive Fibroblast Activation Protein-α-Activated Fluorogenic Probe Enables Selective Imaging and Killing of Melanoma In Vivo. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1837-1846. [PMID: 35713201 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant cancer with a high risk of metastasis and continued increase in death rates over the past decades, and its prognosis is highly related to the disease's stage, while early detection and treatment of melanoma are significant to the improvement of its therapy outcome. Different from the traditional methods for disease diagnosis, enzyme-activated fluorescent probes were developed rapidly due to their high sensitivity and temporal-spatial ratio and have been widely applied in tumor detection, surgical navigation, and cancer-related research. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα), a serine-type cell surface protease that plays important roles in cell invasion and extracellular matrix degradation, is widely involved in tumor progression such as malignant melanoma, so developing a FAPα activity-based molecular tool would be of great potential for the early diagnosis and therapy of melanoma. However, few fluorescent probes targeting FAPα have been applied in melanoma-related studies, and thus, the construction of FAPα activity-based fluorescent probes for melanoma detection is in urgent need. By incorporating the selective recognition unit with a red-emission fluorophore, cresyl violet, we herein report an ultrasensitive (limit of detection = 5.3 ng/mL) fluorogenic probe for FAPα activity sensing, named CV-FAP; the acquired probe showed a significantly higher binding affinity (15.7-fold) and overall catalytic efficiency (2.6-fold) when compared with those of the best reported FAPα probes. The good performance of CV-FAP made it possible to discriminate malignant melanoma cells and tumor-bearing mice from normal cells and mice with high contrast. More importantly, CV-FAP showed significant antitumor activity toward melanoma in cultured cells and tumor-bearing nude mice (over 95% inhibited tumor growth) with good safety, which made it an ideal theranostic agent for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
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19
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Andrieu C, McNamee N, Larkin AM, Maguire A, Menon R, Mueller-Eisert J, Horgan N, Kennedy S, Gullo G, Crown J, Walsh N. Clinical Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Response, DNA Damage Repair (DDR) Gene Mutations and Immune-Cell Infiltration in Metastatic Melanoma Subtypes. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:26. [PMID: 35736346 PMCID: PMC9230974 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and histopathological analysis of melanoma subtypes has revealed distinct epidemiological, genetic, and clinical features. However, immunotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma patients does not differ based on subtype. Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has been shown to vary, therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed in the design of precision treatments. Targeted sequencing and histopathological analysis (CD8 and CD20 immunohistochemistry) were performed on subtypes of metastatic melanoma (cutaneous melanoma (CM, n = 10); head and neck melanoma (HNM, n = 7); uveal melanoma (UM, n = 4); acral lentiginous melanoma (AM, n = 1) and mucosal melanoma (MM, n = 1) treated with ICI). Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly associated with high CD8 expression (p = 0.025) and mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes (p = 0.012) in all subtypes but not with CD20 expression. Our study identified that immune cell infiltration and DDR gene mutations may have an impact in response to ICI treatment in metastatic melanoma but differs among subtypes. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the immune infiltration cells' role and DDR gene mutations in metastatic melanoma may identify prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andrieu
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland; (C.A.); (N.M.); (A.-M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Niamh McNamee
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland; (C.A.); (N.M.); (A.-M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Anne-Marie Larkin
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland; (C.A.); (N.M.); (A.-M.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Alanna Maguire
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland; (C.A.); (N.M.); (A.-M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Roopika Menon
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, 50667 Cologne, Germany; (R.M.); (J.M.-E.)
| | - Judith Mueller-Eisert
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, 50667 Cologne, Germany; (R.M.); (J.M.-E.)
| | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, D02 XK51 Dublin, Ireland; (N.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, D02 XK51 Dublin, Ireland; (N.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland; (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland; (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Naomi Walsh
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland; (C.A.); (N.M.); (A.-M.L.); (A.M.)
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20
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Tímár J, Ladányi A. Molecular Pathology of Skin Melanoma: Epidemiology, Differential Diagnostics, Prognosis and Therapy Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5384. [PMID: 35628196 PMCID: PMC9140388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other malignancies, TCGA network efforts identified the detailed genomic picture of skin melanoma, laying down the basis of molecular classification. On the other hand, genome-wide association studies discovered the genetic background of the hereditary melanomas and the susceptibility genes. These genetic studies helped to fine-tune the differential diagnostics of malignant melanocytic lesions, using either FISH tests or the myPath gene expression signature. Although the original genomic studies on skin melanoma were mostly based on primary tumors, data started to accumulate on the genetic diversity of the progressing disease. The prognostication of skin melanoma is still based on staging but can be completed with gene expression analysis (DecisionDx). Meanwhile, this genetic knowledge base of skin melanoma did not turn to the expected wide array of target therapies, except the BRAF inhibitors. The major breakthrough of melanoma therapy was the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which showed outstanding efficacy in skin melanoma, probably due to their high immunogenicity. Unfortunately, beyond BRAF, KIT mutations and tumor mutation burden, no clinically validated predictive markers exist in melanoma, although several promising biomarkers have been described, such as the expression of immune-related genes or mutations in the IFN-signaling pathway. After the initial success of either target or immunotherapies, sooner or later, relapses occur in the majority of patients, due to various induced genetic alterations, the diagnosis of which could be developed to novel predictive genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1191 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
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21
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Sánchez-Sendra B, González-Muñoz JF, Pérez-Debén S, Monteagudo C. The Prognostic Value of miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 in Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Is Independent of BRAF Mutational Status. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061532. [PMID: 35326682 PMCID: PMC8946551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. On the one hand, most melanomas contain mutations in the BRAF gene (predominantly V600E), and on the other hand, miRNAs modulate different steps in melanoma development and progression, but there are no reports that study the relation between BRAF mutational status and the expression of miRNAs, which is important for an accurate patient prognosis. The aim of our retrospective study was to know whether BRAF mutations influence the prognostic value of miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 intratumoral expression in primary cutaneous melanomas. Globally, our results showed that miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 expression predicted the clinical outcome of primary melanomas independently of BRAF status. Thus, our findings support that BRAF mutations alone do not predict the risk of metastasis development or melanoma survival and that miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 may be considered as accurate prognostic biomarkers in melanoma regardless of BRAF mutational status. Abstract BRAF mutations are present in around 50% of cutaneous malignant melanomas and are related to a poor outcome in advanced-stage melanoma patients. miRNAs are epigenetic regulators that modulate different cellular processes in cancer, including melanoma development and progression. However, there are no studies on the potential associations of the genetic alterations of the BRAF gene with miRNA expression in primary cutaneous melanomas. Here, in order to analyze the influence of BRAF mutations in the ability of selected miRNAs to predict clinical outcome and patient survival at the time of diagnosis, we studied the prognostic value of miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 expression depending on the BRAF mutational status in fresh, frozen primary tumor specimens. For this purpose, RNA was extracted for studying both BRAF mutations by Sanger sequencing and miRNA expression. Our results indicate that, although there seems to be a slight preference for their predictive ability in the BRAF mutated group, the expression of these three miRNAs serves effectively to predict the clinical outcome of melanoma patients independently of BRAF mutational status at the time of primary tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Sendra
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.G.-M.); (S.P.-D.)
| | | | - Silvia Pérez-Debén
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.G.-M.); (S.P.-D.)
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.G.-M.); (S.P.-D.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-398-3953
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22
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Peng ZP, Huang SF, Li JJ, Tang XK, Wang XY, Li HM. The Effects of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Melanoma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4984866. [PMID: 35027924 PMCID: PMC8752239 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4984866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that the abnormality of the Hedgehog signaling pathway is related to the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, but the effect of this signaling pathway on melanoma cells is still unclear. METHODS This study aimed to discuss the effect of Hedgehog signaling pathway on the proliferation and apoptosis of human malignant melanoma A375 cells and explore its possible mechanism in the proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells. Different concentrations of Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor cyclopamine (5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) were used to treat human melanoma A375 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h, and set a blank control group (0 μM). Trypan blue cell counting method was used to detect cell viability. MTT method was used to detect the inhibition rate of cell proliferation. Transwell was used to detect cell invasion, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. RESULTS Through the trypan blue cell counting method and MTT experiment, it was found that the Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor cyclopamine has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and viability of melanoma A375 cells (P < 0.05), and the proliferation inhibitory effect is enhanced with prolonged action time in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transwell experiment showed that compared with the blank control group, the invasion and migration ability of the treated melanoma A375 cells are significantly reduced, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis experiment showed that compared with the blank control group, the apoptosis rate of A375 cells is significantly higher after treated by 40 μM cyclopamine for 24 h, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Gli1 and Bcl-2 protein are highly expressed in melanoma A375 cells, and their expressions show a downward trend (P < 0.05) after being treated by cyclopamine. CONCLUSION Cyclopamine inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by downregulating Gli1. Hedgehog signaling pathway can be used as a new target for the treatment of malignant melanoma, and multiple measures can be used to inhibit the signaling pathway to achieve a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Peng
- Dermatology Department, The Affiliated Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Shan-Fu Huang
- Dermatology Department, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang 530405, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xi-Ke Tang
- Dermatology Department, The Affiliated Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xi-Yue Wang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Hong-Mian Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
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23
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Papp O, Doma V, Gil J, Markó-Varga G, Kárpáti S, Tímár J, Vízkeleti L. Organ Specific Copy Number Variations in Visceral Metastases of Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5984. [PMID: 34885093 PMCID: PMC8657127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with high potential of visceral dissemination. Since the information about melanoma genomics is mainly based on primary tumors and lymphatic or skin metastases, an autopsy-based visceral metastasis biobank was established. We used copy number variation arrays (N = 38 samples) to reveal organ specific alterations. Results were partly completed by proteomic analysis. A significant increase of high-copy number gains was found in an organ-specific manner, whereas copy number losses were predominant in brain metastases, including the loss of numerous DNA damage response genes. Amplification of many immune genes was also observed, several of them are novel in melanoma, suggesting that their ectopic expression is possibly underestimated. This "immunogenic mimicry" was exclusive for lung metastasis. We also provided evidence for the possible autocrine activation of c-MET, especially in brain and lung metastases. Furthermore, frequent loss of 9p21 locus in brain metastases may predict higher metastatic potential to this organ. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between BRAF gene copy number and mutant allele frequency, mainly in lung metastases. All of these events may influence therapy efficacy in an organ specific manner, which knowledge may help in alleviating difficulties caused by resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Papp
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, 1027 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Doma
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - György Markó-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- 1st Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
| | - Laura Vízkeleti
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
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24
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Baroud S, Wu J, Zouboulis CC. Acne Syndromes and Mosaicism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111735. [PMID: 34829964 PMCID: PMC8615598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mosaicism is the coexistence of cells with at least two genotypes, by the time of birth, in an individual derived from a single zygote, which leads to a disease phenotype. Somatic mosaicism can be further categorized into segmental mosaicism and nonsegmental somatic mosaicism. Acne is a chronic illness characterized by inflammatory changes around and in the pilosebaceous units, commonly due to hormone- and inflammatory signaling-mediated factors. Several systemic disorders, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and seborrhoea-acne-hirsutism-androgenetic alopecia syndrome have classically been associated with acne. Autoinflammatory syndromes, including PAPA, PASH, PAPASH, PsAPASH, PsaPSASH, PASS, and SAPHO syndromes include acneiform lesions as a key manifestation. Mosaic germline mutations in the FGFR2 gene have been associated with Apert syndrome and nevus comedonicus, two illnesses that are accompanied by acneiform lesions. In this review, we summarize the concept of cutaneous mosaicism and elaborate on acne syndromes, as well as acneiform mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumer Baroud
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jim Wu
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-340-501-4000
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25
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Catalani E, Giovarelli M, Zecchini S, Perrotta C, Cervia D. Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225791. [PMID: 34830947 PMCID: PMC8616245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The recent approval of several drugs has increased the chance of survival although a significant subset of patients with metastatic melanoma do not show a long-lasting response to these treatments. The complex cross-talk between oxidative stress and the catabolic process autophagy seems to play a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and metastasis, including drug resistance. However, determining the fine role of autophagy in cancer death and in response to redox disruption is still a fundamental challenge in order to advance both basic and translational aspects of this field. In order to summarize the interactions among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, autophagy machinery and proliferation/growth/death/apoptosis/survival, we provide here a narrative review of the preclinical evidence for drugs/treatments that modulate oxidative stress and autophagy in melanoma cells. The significance and the potential for pharmacological targeting (also through multiple and combination approaches) of these two different events, which can contribute independently or simultaneously to the fate of melanoma, may help to define new processes and their interconnections underlying skin cancer biology and unravel new reliable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
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Prognostic Value of Interleukin-32 Expression and Its Correlation with the Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204691. [PMID: 34682815 PMCID: PMC8538574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is well known as a proinflammatory cytokine that is expressed in various immune cells and cancers. However, the clinical relevance of IL-32 expression in cutaneous melanoma has not been comprehensively studied. Here, we identified the prognostic value of IL32 expression using various systematic multiomic analyses. The IL32 expressions were significantly higher in cutaneous melanoma than in normal tissue, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a correlation between IL32 expression and good prognosis in cutaneous melanoma patients. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between IL32 expression and the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells to identify a relevant mechanism between IL32 expression and prognosis in cutaneous melanoma (p = 0.00031). In the relationship between IL32 expression and the infiltration of NK cells, a negative correlation was found in resting NK cells (rho = -0.38, p = 3.95 × 10-17) whereas a strong positive correlation was observed only in active NK cells (rho = 0.374, p = 1.23 × 10-16). Moreover, IL32 expression was markedly positively correlated with the cytolytic molecules, such as granzyme and perforin. These data suggest that IL32 expression may increase patient survival through the infiltration and activation of NK cells, representative anticancer effector cells, in cutaneous melanoma. Collectively, this study provides the prognostic value of IL32 expression and its potential role as an effective predictive biomarker for NK cell infiltration in cutaneous melanoma.
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Pop TD, Diaconeasa Z. Recent Advances in Phenolic Metabolites and Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9707. [PMID: 34575899 PMCID: PMC8471058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer represents any tumor development from the cutaneous structures within the epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and is considered to be the most prevalent type of cancer. Compared to other types of cancer, skin cancer is proven to have a positive growth rate of prevalence and mortality. There are available various treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, but because of the multidrug resistance development, a low success has been registered. By this, the importance of studying naturally occurring compounds that are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of skin cancer is emphasized. This review focuses on melanoma because it is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a significantly increasing incidence in the last decades. As chemopreventive agents, we present polyphenols and their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, their ability to balance the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis and their various other effects on skin melanoma. Besides chemoprevention, studies suggest that polyphenols can have treating abilities in some conditions. The limitations of using polyphenols are also pointed out, which are related to their poor bioavailability and stability, but as the technology is well developed, it is possible to augment the efficacy of polyphenols in the case of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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XPF -673C>T variation is associated with the susceptibility to breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 74:102007. [PMID: 34416547 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE XPF variations might decrease the DNA repair capacity and further contribute to cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the association of XPF polymorphisms with risk of developing breast cancer. METHODS TCGA, the Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to analyze the expression of XPF in breast cancer tissues and its effect on the survival of breast cancer patients. The expression of XPF in breast cancer tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. This case-control study included 467 breast cancer patients and 467 healthy controls. The genotype of genetic variation was detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated. Correlations between XPF variation and clinicopathological parameters were assessed through Kendall's Tau-b test. The relationship between XPF gene function variation and XPF gene expression was analyzed by GTEx. RESULTS The expression of XPF in breast cancer tissues is higher than that in normal tissues. Breast cancer patients with high XPF expression have a higher relapse free survival rate (HR = 0.88, 95 % CI = 0.80-0.97), but have no effect on the overall survival rate (logrank P = 0.28). XPF -673C > T variant can reduce the risk of breast cancer patients (OR = 0.35, 95 %CI = 0.20-0.63 for codominant mode; OR = 0.66, 95 %CI = 0.51-0.85 for dominant model; OR = 0.40, 95 %CI = 0.23-0.70 for recessive model). The XPF 11985 GG genotype reduced the risk of early breast cancer (OR = 0.49, 95 %CI = 0.24-0.97), but not the risk of advanced breast cancer (OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 0.58-2.48). XPF 11985A > G variant can also reduce the risk of ERBB2 expression in patients (OR = 0.50, 95 %CI = 0.27-0.94). There is no correlation between XPF -673C > T/XPF11985A > G variants and ER and PR. XPF -673C > T variant can reduce XPF expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations of XPF gene may affect its expression and the risk of breast cancer in the Chinese population.
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de Franca MNF, Isidório RG, Bonifacio JHO, Dos Santos EWP, Santos JF, Ottoni FM, de Lucca Junior W, Scher R, Alves RJ, Corrêa CB. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of glycosidic derivatives of lawsone in melanoma cancer cell. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:662. [PMID: 34078316 PMCID: PMC8173884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a malignant cancer that affects melanocytes and is considered the most aggressive skin-type cancer. The prevalence for melanoma cancer for the last five year is about one million cases. The impact caused of this and other types of cancer, revel the importance of research into potential active compounds. The natural products are an important source of compounds with biological activity and research with natural products may enable the discovery of compounds with potential activity in tumor cells. Methods The Sulforhodamine B was used to determine cell density after treatment with lawsone derivatives. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometer. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescence using the Phalloidin/FITC and DAPI stains. The clonogenic and wound healing assays were used to analyze reduction of colonies formation and migratory capacity of melanoma cells, respectability. Results In pharmacological screening, seven compounds derived from lawsone were considered to have high cytotoxic activity (GI > 75%). Three compounds were selected to assess the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cells (IC50), and the compound 9, that has IC50 5.3 μM in melanoma cells, was selected for further analyses in this cell line. The clonogenic assay showed that the compound is capable of reducing the formation of melanoma colonies at 10.6 μM concentration. The compound induced apoptotic morphological changes in melanoma cells and increased by 50% the cells dying from apoptosis. Also, this compound reduced the migratory capacity of melanoma cells. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the evaluated lawsone derivatives have potential activity on tumor cells. The compound 9 is capable of inducing cell death by apoptosis in melanoma cells (B16F10). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08404-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raquel Geralda Isidório
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Oliveira Bonifacio
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Edmilson Willian Propheta Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jileno Ferreira Santos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Flaviano Melo Ottoni
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Waldecy de Lucca Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience of Sergipe, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil. .,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Malvi P, Janostiak R, Nagarajan A, Zhang X, Wajapeyee N. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 promotes melanoma growth and metastasis by suppressing peroxisome biogenesis-induced ROS production. Mol Metab 2021; 48:101217. [PMID: 33766731 PMCID: PMC8081993 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic deregulation is a key hallmark of cancer cells and has been shown to drive cancer growth and metastasis. However, not all metabolic drivers of melanoma are known. Based on our finding that N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1) is overexpressed in melanoma, the objective of these studies was to establish its role in melanoma tumor growth and metastasis, understand its mechanism of action, and evaluate ASAH1 targeting for melanoma therapy. METHODS We used publicly available melanoma datasets and patient-derived samples of melanoma and normal skin tissue and analyzed them for ASAH1 mRNA expression and ASAH1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. ASAH1 was knocked down using short-hairpin RNAs in multiple melanoma cell lines that were tested in a series of cell culture-based assays and mouse-based melanoma xenograft assays to monitor the effect of ASAH1 knockdown on melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. An unbiased metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the mechanism of ASAH1 action. Based on the metabolomics findings, the role of peroxisome-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was explored in regard to mediating the effect of ASAH1. The ASAH1 inhibitor was used alone or in combination with a BRAFV600E inhibitor to evaluate the therapeutic value of ASAH1 targeting for melanoma therapy. RESULTS We determined that ASAH1 was overexpressed in a large percentage of melanoma cells and regulated by transcription factor E2F1 in a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway-dependent manner. ASAH1 expression was necessary to maintain melanoma tumor growth and metastatic attributes in cell cultures and mouse models of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. To identify the mechanism by which ASAH1 facilitates melanoma tumor growth and metastasis, we performed a large-scale and unbiased metabolomics analysis of melanoma cells expressing ASAH1 short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). We found that ASAH1 inhibition increased peroxisome biogenesis through ceramide-mediated PPARγ activation. ASAH1 loss increased ceramide and peroxisome-derived ROS, which in turn inhibited melanoma growth. Pharmacological inhibition of ASAH1 also attenuated melanoma growth and enhanced the effectiveness of BRAF kinase inhibitor in the cell cultures and mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate that ASAH1 is a druggable driver of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that functions by suppressing peroxisome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting peroxisome-derived ROS production. These studies also highlight the therapeutic utility of ASAH1 inhibitors for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Arvindhan Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA.
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Li X, Mao W, Chen J, Goding CR, Cui R, Xu ZX, Miao X. The protective role of MC1R in chromosome stability and centromeric integrity in melanocytes. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:111. [PMID: 34001865 PMCID: PMC8128912 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene, encoding a trimeric G-protein-coupled receptor and activated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), are frequently associated with red or blonde hair, fair skin, freckling, and skin sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light. Several red hair color variants of MC1R are also associated with increased melanoma risk. MC1R variants affect melanoma risk independent of phenotype. Here, we demonstrated that MC1R is a critical factor in chromosome stability and centromere integrity in melanocytes. α-MSH/MC1R stimulation prevents melanocytes from UV radiation-induced damage of chromosome stability and centromere integrity. Mechanistic studies indicated that α-MSH/MC1R-controlled chromosome stability and centromeric integrity are mediated by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), a transcript factor needed for the α-MSH/MC1R signaling and a regulator in melanocyte development, viability, and pigment production. Mitf directly interacts with centromere proteins A in melanocytes. Given the connection among MC1R variants, red hair/fair skin phenotype, and melanoma development, these studies will help answer a question with clinical relevance “why red-haired individuals are so prone to developing melanoma”, and will lead to the identification of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for melanomas, especially those with redheads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200437, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200437, Shanghai, China
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200437, Shanghai, China. .,Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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Dai Q, Wang X, Liu C, Feng Z, Ge B, Ma X, Zhang Z, Yu J, Wang X, Huang F. Detection of tyrosinase in living cells using an Enteromorpha Prolifera based fluorescent probe. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338605. [PMID: 34088368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the skin cancer with the highest mortality rate, can be diagnosed at the early stage by detecting unique biomarkers. Over-expressed tyrosinase has been confirmed by dozens of clinical studies as an independent factor to evaluate the malignancy of melanoma. Using Enteromorpha Prolifera as the raw material, herein we develop a novel fluorescent probe, ECDY, which can sensitively detect the tyrosinase activity in different types of cells. More importantly, melanoma cells can be specifically distinguished through cell lysate measurements as well as the whole-cell imaging technique. Mechanically, the tyrosine groups on the surface of ECDY can be specifically recognized by tyrosinase and further converted into dopaquinone, which consequently causes the intramolecular fluorescence quenching of the probe through photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Tyrosinase can be detected within 20 min in the solution, and the detection limit is as low as 0.067 U mL-1. For the in vitro demonstration, we evaluate the fluorescence decay of ECDY in response to the intracellular tyrosinase activity within the lysate of various cell lines, including non-cancerous, non-melanoma cancerous, and mouse melanoma ones. The experimental results verify that ECDY can accurately measure the apparent tyrosinase activity in different cell lines and detect melanoma cell lysate specifically. The confocal fluorescence imaging experiments further demonstrate that ECDY can distinguish melanoma cells from others significantly. We believe that ECDY provides a new strategy for the efficient detection of tyrosinase and melanoma cells, and is expected to apply as a clinical diagnosis platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Cai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Technical Center of Qingdao Customs District, 99 Huanghe East Road, Huangdao District, 266500, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xiqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Jinyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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From Proteomic Mapping to Invasion-Metastasis-Cascade Systemic Biomarkering and Targeted Drugging of Mutant BRAF-Dependent Human Cutaneous Melanomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092024. [PMID: 33922182 PMCID: PMC8122743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent advances in human malignancy therapy, metastasis and chemoresistance remain the principal causes of cancer-derived deaths. Given the fatal forms of cutaneous metastatic melanoma, we herein employed primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cells, both obtained from the same patient, to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Through state-of-the-art technologies including deep proteome landscaping, immunofluorescence phenotyping, and drug toxicity screening, we were able to describe new molecular programs, oncogenic drivers, and drug regimens, controlling the invasion-metastasis cascade during BRAFV600D-dependent melanomagenesis. It proved that proteomic navigation could foster the development of systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging for successful treatment of advanced disease. Abstract Melanoma is classified among the most notoriously aggressive human cancers. Despite the recent progress, due to its propensity for metastasis and resistance to therapy, novel biomarkers and oncogenic molecular drivers need to be promptly identified for metastatic melanoma. Hence, by employing nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry deep proteomics technology, advanced bioinformatics algorithms, immunofluorescence, western blotting, wound healing protocols, molecular modeling programs, and MTT assays, we comparatively examined the respective proteomic contents of WM115 primary (n = 3955 proteins) and WM266-4 metastatic (n = 6681 proteins) melanoma cells. It proved that WM115 and WM266-4 cells have engaged hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition states, with TGF-β controlling their motility in vitro. They are characterized by different signatures of SOX-dependent neural crest-like stemness and distinct architectures of the cytoskeleton network. Multiple signaling pathways have already been activated from the primary melanoma stage, whereas HIF1α, the major hypoxia-inducible factor, can be exclusively observed in metastatic melanoma cells. Invasion-metastasis cascade-specific sub-routines of activated Caspase-3-triggered apoptosis and LC3B-II-dependent constitutive autophagy were also unveiled. Importantly, WM115 and WM266-4 cells exhibited diverse drug response profiles, with epirubicin holding considerable promise as a beneficial drug for metastatic melanoma clinical management. It is the proteome navigation that enables systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging to open new therapeutic windows for advanced disease.
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Targeting p53 for Melanoma Treatment: Counteracting Tumour Proliferation, Dissemination and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071648. [PMID: 33916029 PMCID: PMC8037490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a highly metastatic and therapy-resistant cancer and is therefore associated with low survival rates of patients. In melanoma, the inactivation of the wild-type form of the p53 tumour suppressor protein is a frequent event, mainly through interactions with MDM2 and MDMX. In this work, our recently disclosed p53-activating agent, SLMP53-2, displayed promising in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity, with particular impacts on melanoma migration and invasion. Moreover, SLMP53-2 (re)sensitized melanoma cells to clinically used chemotherapeutic agents, potentially overcoming the therapeutic resistance issue. As a whole, the p53 activator SLMP53-2 may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for melanoma, particularly in combination with MAPK pathway-targeting drugs. Abstract Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, primarily due to its high metastatic propensity and therapeutic resistance in advanced stages. The frequent inactivation of the p53 tumour suppressor protein in melanomagenesis may predict promising outcomes for p53 activators in melanoma therapy. Herein, we aimed to investigate the antitumor potential of the p53-activating agent SLMP53-2 against melanoma. Two- and three-dimensional cell cultures and xenograft mouse models were used to unveil the antitumor activity and the underlying molecular mechanism of SLMP53-2 in melanoma. SLMP53-2 inhibited the growth of human melanoma cells in a p53-dependent manner through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Notably, SLMP53-2 induced p53 stabilization by disrupting the p53–MDM2 interaction, enhancing p53 transcriptional activity. It also promoted the expression of p53-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-145 and miR-23a. Moreover, it displayed anti-invasive and antimigratory properties in melanoma cells by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis and extracellular lactate production. Importantly, SLMP53-2 did not induce resistance in melanoma cells. Additionally, it synergized with vemurafenib, dacarbazine and cisplatin, and resensitized vemurafenib-resistant cells. SLMP53-2 also exhibited antitumor activity in human melanoma xenograft mouse models by repressing cell proliferation and EMT while stimulating apoptosis. This work discloses the p53-activating agent SLMP53-2 which has promising therapeutic potential in advanced melanoma, either as a single agent or in combination therapy. By targeting p53, SLMP53-2 may counteract major features of melanoma aggressiveness.
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Rawat V, Malvi P, Della Manna D, Yang ES, Bugide S, Zhang X, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. PSPH promotes melanoma growth and metastasis by metabolic deregulation-mediated transcriptional activation of NR4A1. Oncogene 2021; 40:2448-2462. [PMID: 33674745 PMCID: PMC8026604 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic deregulation, a hallmark of cancer, fuels cancer cell growth and metastasis. Here, we show that phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), an enzyme of the serine metabolism pathway, is upregulated in patient-derived melanoma samples. PSPH knockdown using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) blocks melanoma tumor growth and metastasis in both cell culture and mice. To elucidate the mechanism underlying PSPH action, we evaluated PSPH shRNA-expressing melanoma cells using global metabolomics and targeted mRNA expression profiling. Metabolomics analysis showed an increase in 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) levels in PSPH knockdown cells. 2-HG inhibits the TET family of DNA demethylases and the Jumonji family of histone demethylases (KDM and JMJD), which is known to impact gene expression. Consistent with these data, PSPH knockdown in melanoma cells showed reduced DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and increased histone H3K4me3 modifications. 2-HG treatment also inhibited melanoma growth. The nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel-based mRNA expression profiling revealed attenuation of a number of cancer-promoting pathways upon PSPH knockdown. In particular, PSPH was necessary for nuclear receptor NR4A1 expression. Ectopic NR4A1 expression partly rescued the growth of melanoma cells expressing PSPH shRNA. Collectively, these results link PSPH to the facilitation of melanoma growth and metastasis through suppression of 2-HG and thus activation of pro-oncogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Rawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Deborah Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Suresh Bugide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America,Corresponding Author: Narendra Wajapeyee, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA,
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Zhang L, Meng S, Yan B, Chen J, Zhou L, Shan L, Wang Y. Anti-Proliferative, Pro-Apoptotic, Anti-Migrative and Tumor-Inhibitory Effects and Pleiotropic Mechanism of Theaflavin on B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1291-1304. [PMID: 33658796 PMCID: PMC7920628 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Theaflavin (TF) is a primary pigment of tea, exhibiting anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic activities on cancer cell lines. However, it is unknown whether TF is effective in treating melanoma cells. Methods To determine the effects of TF on melanoma cells, we conducted in vitro assays of cell viability, DAPI staining, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry as well as in vivo experiments on B16F10-bearing mouse model. Real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were conducted to explore the molecular actions of TF. Results The cell viability assay showed that TF exerted inhibitory effect on B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner from 40 to 400 μg/mL, with IC50 values ranging from 223.8±7.1 to 103.7±7.0 μg/mL. Moreover, TF induced early and late apoptosis and inhibited migration/invasion of B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its pro-apoptotic and anti-migrative effects. In vivo, TF significantly inhibited B16F10 tumor size in mice model from 40 to 120 mg/kg, which exerted higher effect than that of cisplatin. The molecular data showed that TF significantly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, Casp3, Casp8, c-fos, c-Jun, and c-Myc), up-regulated the protein expressions of apoptosis-related p53 and JNK signaling molecules (ASK1, phosphorylated Chk1/2, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated JNK, c-JUN, cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated p53), and down-regulated the protein expressions of proliferation-related MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling molecules (phosphorylated MEK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated PI3K, and phosphorylated AKT) as well as the expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusion It can be concluded that TB exhibited anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-migrative, and tumor-inhibitory effects on melanoma cells through pleiotropic actions on the above pathways. This study provides new evidence of anti-melanoma efficacy and mechanism of TF, contributing to the development of TF-derived natural products for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Fregni G, Perier A, Avril MF, Caignard A. NK cells sense tumors, course of disease and treatments: Consequences for NK-based therapies. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:38-47. [PMID: 22720210 PMCID: PMC3376977 DOI: 10.4161/onci.1.1.18312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent findings on NK activation indicate that these cells are important antitumor effectors. NK cells participate in the graft-vs.-leukemia effect to control the relapse in leukemic patients transplanted with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. In various tumors, correlation between NK cell infiltrates and prognosis were reported. However, tumor-infiltrating NK cells are yet poorly characterized. We here summarize our results and the recent studies of the literature on tumor-infiltrating NK cells, and discuss the impact of these novel insights into NK cell responses against tumors for the design of NK cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fregni
- Institut Cochin-INSERM U06; CNRS UMR 804; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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38
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Dutta B, Asami T, Imatomi T, Igarashi K, Nagata K, Watanabe-Asaka T, Yasuda T, Oda S, Shartl M, Mitani H. Strain difference in transgene-induced tumorigenesis and suppressive effect of ionizing radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:12-24. [PMID: 33231252 PMCID: PMC7779347 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic expression in medaka of the Xiphophorus oncogene xmrk, under a pigment cell specific mitf promoter, induces hyperpigmentation and pigment cell tumors. In this study, we crossed the Hd-rR and HNI inbred strains because complete genome information is readily available for molecular and genetic analysis. We prepared an Hd-rR (p53+/-, p53-/-) and Hd-rR HNI hybrid (p53+/-) fish-based xmrk model system to study the progression of pigment cells from hyperpigmentation to malignant tumors on different genetic backgrounds. In all strains examined, most of the initial hyperpigmentation occurred in the posterior region. On the Hd-rR background, mitf:xmrk-induced tumorigenesis was less frequent in p53+/- fish than in p53-/- fish. The incidence of hyperpigmentation was more frequent in Hd-rR/HNI hybrids than in Hd-rR homozygotes; however, the frequency of malignant tumors was low, which suggested the presence of a tumor suppressor in HNI genetic background fish. The effects on tumorigenesis in xmrk-transgenic immature medaka of a single 1.3 Gy irradiation was assessed by quantifying tumor progression over 4 consecutive months. The results demonstrate that irradiation has a different level of suppressive effect on the frequency of hyperpigmentation in purebred Hd-rR compared with hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dutta
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Taichi Asami
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tohru Imatomi
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takako Yasuda
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Manfred Shartl
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany and the Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Genome Stability, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 277-8562, Kashiwa, Japan. Tel: +81(4) 7136-3670; Fax:+81(4)7136-3669;
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BCL2L10 Is Overexpressed in Melanoma Downstream of STAT3 and Promotes Cisplatin and ABT-737 Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010078. [PMID: 33396645 PMCID: PMC7795116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BCL2L10 is the sixth and less studied protein from the group of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. These proteins are important therapeutic targets since they convey resistance to anticancer regimens. We describe here for the first time the role of BCL2L10 in melanoma. We found that BCL2L10 is abundantly and frequently expressed both in melanoma cell lines and tumor samples. This increased expression is due to the activity of the transcription factor STAT3 that positively regulate BCL2L10 transcription. We describe that Bcl2l10 is a pro-survival factor in melanoma, being able to protect cells from the cytotoxic effect of different drugs, including cisplatin, dacarbazine, and ABT-737. BCL2L10 also inhibited the cell death upon combination treatments of PLX-4032, a BRAF inhibitor, with ABT-737 or cisplatin. In summary, we determined that BCL2L10 is expressed in melanoma and contributes to cell survival. Hence, targeting BCL2L10 may enhance the clinical efficacy of other therapies for malignant melanoma. Abstract The anti-apoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family are important therapeutic targets since they convey resistance to anticancer regimens. Despite the suspected functional redundancy among the six proteins of this subfamily, both basic studies and therapeutic approaches have focused mainly on BCL2, Bcl-xL, and MCL1. The role of BCL2L10, another member of this group, has been poorly studied in cancer and never has been in melanoma. We describe here that BCL2L10 is abundantly and frequently expressed both in melanoma cell lines and tumor samples. We established that BCL2L10 expression is driven by STAT3-mediated transcription, and by using reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and ChIP analysis, we identified the functional STAT3 responsive elements in the BCL2L10 promoter. BCL2L10 is a pro-survival factor in melanoma since its expression reduced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, dacarbazine, and ABT-737 (a BCL2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w inhibitor). Meanwhile, both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BCL2L10 sensitized melanoma cells to cisplatin and ABT-737. Finally, BCL2L10 inhibited the cell death upon combination treatments of PLX-4032, a BRAF inhibitor, with ABT-737 or cisplatin. In summary, we determined that BCL2L10 is expressed in melanoma and contributes to cell survival. Hence, targeting BCL2L10 may enhance the clinical efficacy of other therapies for malignant melanoma.
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Saleh NA, Rode MP, Sierra JA, Silva AH, Miyake JA, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Three-dimensional multicellular cell culture for anti-melanoma drug screening: focus on tumor microenvironment. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:35-48. [PMID: 33505112 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The development of new treatments for malignant melanoma, which has the worst prognosis among skin neoplasms, remains a challenge. The tumor microenvironment aids tumor cells to grow and resist to chemotherapeutic treatment. One way to mimic and study the tumor microenvironment is by using three-dimensional (3D) co-culture models (spheroids). In this study, a melanoma heterospheroid model composed of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages was produced by liquid-overlay technique using the agarose gel. The size, growth, viability, morphology, cancer stem-like cells population and inflammatory profile of tumor heterospheroids and monospheroids were analyzed to evaluate the influence of stromal cells on these parameters. Furthermore, dacarbazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using spheroids and two-dimensional (2D) melanoma model. After finishing the experiments, it was observed the M2 macrophages induced an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in heterospheroids; fibroblasts cells support the formation of the extracellular matrix, and a higher percentage of melanoma CD271 was observed in this model. Additionally, melanoma spheroids responded differently to the dacarbazine than the 2D melanoma culture as a result of their cellular heterogeneity and 3D structure. The 3D model was shown to be a fast and reliable tool for drug screening, which can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment regarding interactions and complexity. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Adel Saleh
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Michele Patrícia Rode
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | | | - Adny Henrique Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Juliano Andreoli Miyake
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
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Proliferation index and pseudoprogression as predictors of the therapeutic efficacy of suicide gene therapy for canine melanoma. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:126-135. [PMID: 32142496 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In our veterinary clinical trials, the combination of systemic immunotherapy with local herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir suicide gene (SG) treatment induced tumor pseudoprogression as part of a strong local antitumor response. This phenomenon could be owing to tumor inflammation, increased vascular permeability and to different tumor growth rates before, during and after SG therapy. The proliferation index (PI: the fraction of viable cells in S, G2/M, and hyperdiploid phases) would reflect the in-vivo and in-vitro proportion of proliferating melanoma cells in the absence of treatment (PIB) or in response to SG (PISG). The extent of in-vivo and in-vitro melanoma cells responses to SG exhibited a reverse correlation with PIB and a direct correlation with PISG. Then, the final SG outcome depended on the balance between PIB-dependent 'regrowth resistance' versus 'regrowth sensitivity' to SG treatment. In all the cell lines derived from canine tumors presenting partial responses to SG treatment, PISG prevailed over PIB. Conversely, as more aggressive was the tumor (greater PIB of the cell line), the more the balance displacement towards 'regrowth resistance' over SG 'regrowth sensitivity'. All these parameters could have a prognostic value for SG treatment response and provide a glimpse at the clinical benefit of this therapy.
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Long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 promotes tumorigenesis through regulation of miR-150-5p/RAB9A in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2020; 29:569-581. [PMID: 30889053 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers. ZFAS1 is a newly identified lncRNA, playing an oncogenic role in several types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of ZFAS1-induced regulation of melanoma. ZFAS1 expression was increased in melanoma tissues and cells compared with normal controls. ZFAS1 expression in metastatic tissues was higher than that in nonmetastatic subjects. Higher expression of ZFAS1 predicted lower survival rates. Knockdown of ZFAS1 decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, decreased migration and invasion, and reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential in melanoma cells. Moreover, ZFAS1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. There was a direct binding between ZFAS1 and miR-150-5p. ZFAS1 negatively regulated miR-150-5p expression and upregulation of miR-150-5p was involved in ZFAS1 knockdown-induced effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Using bioinformatics, we predicted the binding between RAB9A and miR-150-5p, and the direct interaction between RAB9A and miR-150-5p was confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. We also showed that RAB9A expression was regulated negatively by miR-150-5p, but was regulated positively by ZFAS1. Downregulation of RAB9A significantly inhibited the increase in proliferation, decrease in apoptosis, and increase in migration and invasion induced by miR-150-5p inhibitors. Moreover, RAB9A knockdown decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased migration and invasion in melanoma cells. In summary, we confirmed the tumor-promoting role of ZFAS1 in melanoma and provide evidence for the role and mechanism of the ZFAS1/miR-150-5p/RAB9A axis. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Górniak P, Wasylecka-Juszczyńska M, Ługowska I, Rutkowski P, Polak A, Szydłowski M, Juszczyński P. BRAF inhibition curtails IFN-gamma-inducible PD-L1 expression and upregulates the immunoregulatory protein galectin-1 in melanoma cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1817-1832. [PMID: 32330348 PMCID: PMC7400781 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is considered one of the most immunogenic malignancies, spontaneous T‐cell responses to melanoma antigens are ineffective due to tumor cell‐intrinsic or microenvironment‐driven immune evasion mechanisms. For example, oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma cells fosters tumor immune escape by modulating cell immunogenicity and microenvironment composition. BRAF inhibition has been shown to increase melanoma cell immunogenicity, but these effects are transient and long‐term responses are uncommon. For these reasons, we aimed to further characterize the role of BRAF‐V600E mutation in the modulation of PD‐L1, a known immunoregulatory molecule, and galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), a potent immunoregulatory lectin involved in melanoma immune privilege. We report herein that vemurafenib downregulates IFN‐γ‐induced PD‐L1 expression by interfering with STAT1 activity and by decreasing PD‐L1 protein translation. Surprisingly, melanoma cells exposed to vemurafenib expressed higher levels of Gal‐1. In coculture experiments, A375 melanoma cells pretreated with vemurafenib induced apoptosis of interacting Jurkat T cells, whereas genetic inhibition of Gal‐1 in these cells restored the viability of cocultured T lymphocytes, indicating that Gal‐1 contributes to tumor immune escape. Importantly, Gal‐1 plasma concentration increased in patients progressing on BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment, but remained stable in responding patients. Taken together, these results suggest a two‐faceted nature of BRAF inhibition‐associated immunomodulatory effects: an early immunostimulatory activity, mediated at least in part by decreased PD‐L1 expression, and a delayed immunosuppressive effect associated with Gal‐1 induction. Importantly, our observations suggest that Gal‐1 might be utilized as a potential biomarker and a putative therapeutic target in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Ługowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.,Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Tang Q, Yin D, Wang Y, Du W, Qin Y, Ding A, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells and Combination Therapies to Eradicate Them. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1994-2008. [PMID: 32250222 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406083756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show self-renewal ability and multipotential differentiation, like normal stem or progenitor cells, and which proliferate uncontrollably and can escape the effects of drugs and phagocytosis by immune cells. Traditional monotherapies, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, cannot eradicate CSCs, however, combination therapy may be more effective at eliminating CSCs. The present review summarizes the characteristics of CSCs and several promising combination therapies to eradicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Qin
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anni Ding
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Markman JL, Porritt RA, Wakita D, Lane ME, Martinon D, Noval Rivas M, Luu M, Posadas EM, Crother TR, Arditi M. Loss of testosterone impairs anti-tumor neutrophil function. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1613. [PMID: 32235862 PMCID: PMC7109066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In men, the incidence of melanoma rises rapidly after age 50, and nearly two thirds of melanoma deaths are male. The immune system is known to play a key role in controlling the growth and spread of malignancies, but whether age- and sex-dependent changes in immune cell function account for this effect remains unknown. Here, we show that in castrated male mice, neutrophil maturation and function are impaired, leading to elevated metastatic burden in two models of melanoma. Replacement of testosterone effectively normalized the tumor burden in castrated male mice. Further, the aberrant neutrophil phenotype was also observed in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy, highlighting the evolutionary conservation and clinical relevance of the phenotype. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the role of androgen signaling in neutrophil function and the impact of this biology on immune control of malignancies. It is known that there are sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of certain cancers, including melanoma. In this study, the authors utilize a melanoma model to reveal that castrated mice have a higher metastatic burden associated with androgen dependent impaired neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Markman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daiko Wakita
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Malcolm E Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daisy Martinon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael Luu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Center Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Abstract
Genodermatoses are inherited disorders presenting with cutaneous manifestations with or without the involvement of other systems. The majority of these disorders, particularly in cases that present with a cutaneous patterning, may be explained in the context of genetic mosaicism. Despite the barriers to the genetic analysis of mosaic disorders, next-generation sequencing has led to a substantial progress in understanding their pathogenesis, which has significant implications for the clinical management and genetic counseling. Advances in paired and deep sequencing technologies in particular have made the study of mosaic disorders more feasible. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic mosaicism as well as mosaic cutaneous disorders and the techniques required to study them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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47
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Bae J, Kumazoe M, Murata K, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H. Procyanidin C1 Inhibits Melanoma Cell Growth by Activating 67-kDa Laminin Receptor Signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900986. [PMID: 32103628 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Procyanidin C1 (PC1) is an epicatechin trimer found mainly in grapes that is reported to provide several health benefits. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which PC1 operates. METHODS AND RESULTS A 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is identified as a cell surface receptor of PC1, with a Kd value of 2.8 µm. PC1 induces an inhibitory effect on growth, accompanied by dephosphorylation of the C-kinase potentiated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor protein of 17 kDa (CPI17) and myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) proteins, followed by actin cytoskeleton remodeling in melanoma cells. These actions are mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation once PC1 is bound to 67LR. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that PC1 elicits melanoma cell growth inhibition by activating the 67LR/PKA/PP2A/CPI17/MRLC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Bae
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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48
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Islami F, Sauer AG, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Minihan AK, Geller AC, Lichtenfeld JL, Jemal A. Cutaneous melanomas attributable to ultraviolet radiation exposure by state. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1385-1390. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Islami
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Kimberly D. Miller
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Stacey A. Fedewa
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Adair K. Minihan
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Alan C. Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA
| | | | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
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49
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Barceló C, Sisó P, Maiques O, de la Rosa I, Martí RM, Macià A. T-Type Calcium Channels: A Potential Novel Target in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E391. [PMID: 32046241 PMCID: PMC7072457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) are overexpressed in several cancers. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and new insights into TTCC biology, tumor progression, and prognosis biomarker and therapeutic potential in the melanoma field. We describe a novel correlation between the Cav3.1 isoform and the increased basal autophagy in BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas and after acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Indeed, TTCC blockers reduce melanoma cell viability and migration/invasion in vitro and tumor growth in mice xenografts in both BRAF-inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant scenarios. These studies open a new, promising therapeutic approach for disseminated melanoma and improved treatment in BRAFi relapsed melanomas, but further validation and clinical trials are needed for it to become a real therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barceló
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
| | - Pol Sisó
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Inés de la Rosa
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
| | - Rosa M. Martí
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Macià
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
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50
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Zamolo G, Grahovac M, Žauhar G, Vučinić D, Kovač L, Brajenić N, Grahovac B. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13 are overexpressed in primary nodular melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:139-145. [PMID: 31677173 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread and invasion of malignant melanoma cells involve degradation and reorganization of the extracellular matrix by the activation of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study analyzed the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13 proteins in primary nodular melanoma (NM) and dysplastic nevi (DN) as a significant risk factor for melanoma development. The secondary goal was to analyze the correlation of MMPs protein expression in NM with tumor invasion, BRAF V600 mutation status, and overall survival. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13 was performed on nodular melanoma (n = 52) and dysplastic nevi (n = 28) on tissue microarray (TMA). BRAF V600 mutation analysis on NM samples was performed by the Sanger sequencing method. RESULTS A high level of MMPs expression in NM samples (>30%) compared with DN (<8%) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). BRAF V600 mutations were detected in 15 of 39 (38.5%) NM samples. This study revealed an interesting finding that MMP-1 and MMP-13 protein expression in the BRAF V600 mutated melanomas were significantly lower than in the BRAF V600 wild type (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cox analysis revealed that Clark categories, Breslow thickness, and MMP-1 high protein expression are predictive factors for shorter overall survival (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Zamolo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Grahovac
- Polyclinic of Dermatology, Gutenbergstr. 8, 87600, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Gordana Žauhar
- Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Damir Vučinić
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Leo Kovač
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nika Brajenić
- The University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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