1
|
Pham T, Hussein T, Calis D, Bischof H, Skrabak D, Cruz Santos M, Maier S, Spähn D, Kalina D, Simonsig S, Ehinger R, Groschup B, Knipper M, Plesnila N, Ruth P, Lukowski R, Matt L. BK channels sustain neuronal Ca 2+ oscillations to support hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:369. [PMID: 37989805 PMCID: PMC10663188 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of large conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ channels (BK) are associated with cognitive impairment. Here we report that CA1 pyramidal neuron-specific conditional BK knock-out (cKO) mice display normal locomotor and anxiety behavior. They do, however, exhibit impaired memory acquisition and retrieval in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) when compared to littermate controls (CTRL). In line with cognitive impairment in vivo, electrical and chemical long-term potentiation (LTP) in cKO brain slices were impaired in vitro. We further used a genetically encoded fluorescent K+ biosensor and a Ca2+-sensitive probe to observe cultured hippocampal neurons during chemical LTP (cLTP) induction. cLTP massively reduced intracellular K+ concentration ([K+]i) while elevating L-Type Ca2+ channel- and NMDA receptor-dependent Ca2+ oscillation frequencies. Both, [K+]i decrease and Ca2+ oscillation frequency increase were absent after pharmacological BK inhibition or in cells lacking BK. Our data suggest that L-Type- and NMDAR-dependent BK-mediated K+ outflow significantly contributes to hippocampal LTP, as well as learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dila Calis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Skrabak
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Cruz Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Maier
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Spähn
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kalina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Simonsig
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Ehinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Groschup
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Li S, Chang C, Gao X, Zhao J, Yang G. Alpha lipoic acid treatment in late middle age improves cognitive function: Proteomic analysis of the protective mechanisms in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2023; 798:137098. [PMID: 36708754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a powerful antioxidant, has the potential to relieve age-related cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease. Clinical randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the cognitive improvement effects of lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined the effects of ALA on cognitive function in ageing mice and its protective mechanisms. Eighteen-month-old male C57BL6/J mice received ALA or normal saline for 2 months. The Morris water maze test revealed improved cognitive function in animals that received ALA. Furthermore, tandem Mass Tags (TMT) based liquid chromotography with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established to identify the target proteins. The results showed that 10 proteins were changed significantly. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the upregulated proteins were enriched in terminal bouton, synaptic transmission and lipid transporter activity while the down-regulated proteins were involved in nuclear transcription factor-κB binding, apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase binding. Based on the GO results, two upregulated proteins oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 10 (OSBPL10) and oligophrenin 1 (OPHN1), and one downregulated protein, CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5rap3), were validated through Western blotting. The results were consistent with the proteomic results. Modulation of synaptic transmission, lipid transporter activity and neuroinflammation appears to be the mechanisms of ALA in the aged brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Shuyue Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Cui Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jingru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawa AB, Hwang EK, Funke JR, Zhou H, Costa-Mattioli M, Wolf ME. Positive Allosteric Modulation of mGlu 1 Reverses Cocaine-Induced Behavioral and Synaptic Plasticity Through the Integrated Stress Response and Oligophrenin-1. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:871-879. [PMID: 35871097 PMCID: PMC10656746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cue-induced cocaine craving progressively intensifies (incubates) during abstinence from cocaine self-administration. Expression of incubated cocaine craving depends on elevated calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) on medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. After incubation has occurred, stimulation of NAc metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptors or systemic administration of mGlu1 positive allosteric modulators removes CP-AMPARs from NAc synapses via dynamin-dependent internalization (mGlu1 long-term depression [LTD]) and thereby reduces incubated cocaine craving. Because mGlu1 positive allosteric modulators are potential therapeutics for cocaine craving, it is important to further define the mechanism triggering this mGlu1-LTD. METHODS Male and female rats self-administered saline or cocaine (10 days) using a long access regimen (6 h/day). Following ≥40 days of abstinence, we assessed the ability of an mGlu1 positive allosteric modulator to inhibit expression of incubated craving and remove CP-AMPARs from NAc synapses under control conditions, after blocking the integrated stress response (ISR), or after knocking down oligophrenin-1, a mediator of the ISR that can promote AMPAR endocytosis. AMPAR transmission in NAc medium spiny neurons was assessed with ex vivo slice recordings. RESULTS mGlu1 stimulation reduced cue-induced craving and removed synaptic CP-AMPARs. When the ISR was blocked prior to mGlu1 stimulation, there was no reduction in cue-induced craving, nor were CP-AMPARs removed from the synapse. Further, selective knockdown of oligophrenin-1 blocked mGlu1-LTD. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that mGlu1-LTD in the NAc and consequently the reduction of cue-induced seeking occur through activation of the ISR, which induces translation of oligophrenin-1. We also demonstrate CP-AMPAR accumulation and mGlu1 reversal in female rats, as previously shown in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Kawa
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Needhamsen M, Khoonsari PE, Zheleznyakova GY, Piket E, Hagemann-Jensen M, Han Y, Gierlich J, Ekman D, Jagodic M. Integration of small RNAs from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid for classification of multiple sclerosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1042483. [PMID: 36468035 PMCID: PMC9713411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1042483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurological disease, commonly presenting with a relapsing-remitting form, that later converts to a secondary progressive stage, referred to as RRMS and SPMS, respectively. Early treatment slows disease progression, hence, accurate and early diagnosis is crucial. Recent advances in large-scale data processing and analysis have progressed molecular biomarker development. Here, we focus on small RNA data derived from cell-free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cerebrospinal fluid cells, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as CSF cell methylome data, from people with RRMS (n = 20), clinically/radiologically isolated syndrome (CIS/RIS, n = 2) and neurological disease controls (n = 14). We applied multiple co-inertia analysis (MCIA), an unsupervised and thereby unbiased, multivariate method for simultaneous data integration and found that the top latent variable classifies RRMS status with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) score of 0.82. Variable selection based on Lasso regression reduced features to 44, derived from the small RNAs from plasma (20), CSF cells (8) and cell-free CSF (16), with a marginal reduction in AUROC to 0.79. Samples from SPMS patients (n = 6) were subsequently projected on the latent space and differed significantly from RRMS and controls. On contrary, we found no differences between relapse and remission or between inflammatory and non-inflammatory disease controls, suggesting that the latent variable is not prone to inflammatory signals alone, but could be MS-specific. Hence, we here showcase that integration of small RNAs from plasma and CSF can be utilized to distinguish RRMS from SPMS and neurological disease controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Galina Yurevna Zheleznyakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yanan Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jannik Gierlich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Ekman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mallik B, Bhat S, Kumar V. Role of Bin‐Amphiphysin‐Rvs (BAR) domain proteins in mediating neuronal signaling and disease. Synapse 2022; 76:e22248. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Mallik
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Indore Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462 066 India
| | - Sajad Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Indore Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462 066 India
| | - Vimlesh Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Indore Bypass Road Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462 066 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Ben Zablah Y, Zhang H, Liu A, Gugustea R, Lee D, Luo X, Meng Y, Li S, Zhou C, Xin T, Jia Z. Inhibition of Rac1 in ventral hippocampal excitatory neurons improves social recognition memory and synaptic plasticity. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:914491. [PMID: 35936771 PMCID: PMC9354987 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.914491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is critically involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, neuronal structure, synaptic plasticity, and memory. Rac1 overactivation is reported in human patients and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and contributes to their spatial memory deficits, but whether Rac1 dysregulation is also important in other forms of memory deficits is unknown. In addition, the cell types and synaptic mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we used local injections of AAV virus containing a dominant-negative (DN) Rac1 under the control of CaMKIIα promoter and found that the reduction of Rac1 hyperactivity in ventral hippocampal excitatory neurons improves social recognition memory in APP/PS1 mice. Expression of DN Rac1 also improves long-term potentiation, a key synaptic mechanism for memory formation. Our results suggest that overactivation of Rac1 in hippocampal excitatory neurons contributes to social memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice and that manipulating Rac1 activity may provide a potential therapeutic strategy to treat social deficits in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, China
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Radu Gugustea
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongju Lee
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Luo
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yanghong Meng
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Song Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Caoxian People’s Hospital, Caoxian, China
| | - Changxi Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changxi Zhou,
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, China
- Tao Xin,
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Zhengping Jia,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keeping Excitation-Inhibition Ratio in Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105746. [PMID: 35628556 PMCID: PMC9145842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrelated genetic mutations can lead to convergent manifestations of neurological disorders with similar behavioral phenotypes. Experimental data frequently show a lack of dramatic changes in neuroanatomy, indicating that the key cause of symptoms might arise from impairment in the communication between neurons. A transient imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) synaptic transmission (the E/I balance) during early development is generally considered to underlie the development of several neurological disorders in adults. However, the E/I ratio is a multidimensional variable. Synaptic contacts are highly dynamic and the actual strength of synaptic projections is determined from the balance between synaptogenesis and synaptic elimination. During development, relatively slow postsynaptic receptors are replaced by fast ones that allow for fast stimulus-locked excitation/inhibition. Using the binomial model of synaptic transmission allows for the reassessing of experimental data from different mouse models, showing that a transient E/I shift is frequently counterbalanced by additional pre- and/or postsynaptic changes. Such changes—for instance, the slowing down of postsynaptic currents by means of immature postsynaptic receptors—stabilize the average synaptic strength, but impair the timing of information flow. Compensatory processes and/or astrocytic signaling may represent possible targets for medical treatments of different disorders directed to rescue the proper information processing.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cresto N, Lebrun N, Dumont F, Letourneur F, Billuart P, Rouach N. Hippocampal Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity Are Differentially Altered during Postnatal Development by Loss of the X-Linked Intellectual Disability Protein Oligophrenin-1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091545. [PMID: 35563851 PMCID: PMC9105236 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), whose mutations are associated with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). OPHN1 is enriched at the synapse in both pre- and postsynaptic compartments, where it regulates the RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 signaling pathway, playing a critical role in cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle recycling. Ophn1 knockout (KO) adult mice display some behavioral deficits in multiple tasks, reminiscent of some symptoms in the human pathology. We also previously reported a reduction in dendritic spine density in the adult hippocampus of KO mice. Yet the nature of the deficits occurring in these mice during postnatal development remains elusive. Here, we show that juvenile KO mice present normal basal synaptic transmission, but altered synaptic plasticity, with a selective impairment in long-term depression, but no change in long-term potentiation. This contrasts with the functional deficits that these mice display at the adult stage, as we found that both basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation are reduced at later stages, due to presynaptic alterations. In addition, the number of excitatory synapses in adult is increased, suggesting some unsuccessful compensation. Altogether, these results suggest that OPHN1 function at synapses is differentially affected during maturation of the brain, which provides some therapeutic opportunities for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Cresto
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Nicolas Lebrun
- Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Florent Dumont
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (N.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Immunity could be viewed as the common factor in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The immune and nervous systems coevolve as the embryo develops. Immunity can release cytokines that activate MAPK signaling in neural cells. In specific embryonic brain cell types, dysregulated signaling that results from germline or embryonic mutations can promote changes in chromatin organization and gene accessibility, and thus expression levels of essential genes in neurodevelopment. In cancer, dysregulated signaling can emerge from sporadic somatic mutations during human life. Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer share similarities. In neurodevelopmental disorders, immunity, and cancer, there appears an almost invariable involvement of small GTPases (e.g., Ras, RhoA, and Rac) and their pathways. TLRs, IL-1, GIT1, and FGFR signaling pathways, all can be dysregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Although there are signaling similarities, decisive differentiating factors are timing windows, and cell type specific perturbation levels, pointing to chromatin reorganization. Finally, we discuss drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A novel partial duplication in OPHN1, associated with vermis cerebellar hypoplasia, seizures and developmental delay. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Duman JG, Blanco FA, Cronkite CA, Ru Q, Erikson KC, Mulherkar S, Saifullah AB, Firozi K, Tolias KF. Rac-maninoff and Rho-vel: The symphony of Rho-GTPase signaling at excitatory synapses. Small GTPases 2022; 13:14-47. [PMID: 33955328 PMCID: PMC9707551 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1885264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connections between neurons are essential for every facet of human cognition and are thus regulated with extreme precision. Rho-family GTPases, molecular switches that cycle between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, comprise a critical feature of synaptic regulation. Rho-GTPases are exquisitely controlled by an extensive suite of activators (GEFs) and inhibitors (GAPs and GDIs) and interact with many different signalling pathways to fulfill their roles in orchestrating the development, maintenance, and plasticity of excitatory synapses of the central nervous system. Among the mechanisms that control Rho-GTPase activity and signalling are cell surface receptors, GEF/GAP complexes that tightly regulate single Rho-GTPase dynamics, GEF/GAP and GEF/GEF functional complexes that coordinate multiple Rho-family GTPase activities, effector positive feedback loops, and mutual antagonism of opposing Rho-GTPase pathways. These complex regulatory mechanisms are employed by the cells of the nervous system in almost every step of development, and prominently figure into the processes of synaptic plasticity that underlie learning and memory. Finally, misregulation of Rho-GTPases plays critical roles in responses to neuronal injury, such as traumatic brain injury and neuropathic pain, and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's Disease. Thus, decoding the mechanisms of Rho-GTPase regulation and function at excitatory synapses has great potential for combatting many of the biggest current challenges in mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco A. Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cronkite
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly C. Erikson
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Bin Saifullah
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Firozi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberley F. Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Ben Zablah Y, Zhang H, Jia Z. Rho Signaling in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Brain Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729076. [PMID: 34671600 PMCID: PMC8520953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory impairments are associated with many brain disorders such as autism, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. Forming memories involves modifications of synaptic transmission and spine morphology. The Rho family small GTPases are key regulators of synaptic plasticity by affecting various downstream molecules to remodel the actin cytoskeleton. In this paper, we will review recent studies on the roles of Rho proteins in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), the most extensively studied forms of synaptic plasticity widely regarded as cellular mechanisms for learning and memory. We will also discuss the involvement of Rho signaling in spine morphology, the structural basis of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Finally, we will review the association between brain disorders and abnormalities of Rho function. It is expected that studying Rho signaling at the synapse will contribute to the understanding of how memory is formed and disrupted in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Zhang
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haiwang Zhang
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Desole C, Gallo S, Vitacolonna A, Montarolo F, Bertolotto A, Vivien D, Comoglio P, Crepaldi T. HGF and MET: From Brain Development to Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683609. [PMID: 34179015 PMCID: PMC8220160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, encoded by the MET cellular proto-oncogene, are expressed in the nervous system from pre-natal development to adult life, where they are involved in neuronal growth and survival. In this review, we highlight, beyond the neurotrophic action, novel roles of HGF-MET in synaptogenesis during post-natal brain development and the connection between deregulation of MET expression and developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On the pharmacology side, HGF-induced MET activation exerts beneficial neuroprotective effects also in adulthood, specifically in neurodegenerative disease, and in preclinical models of cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injuries, and neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). HGF is a key factor preventing neuronal death and promoting survival through pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that HGF acts on neural stem cells to enhance neuroregeneration. The possible therapeutic application of HGF and HGF mimetics for the treatment of neurological disorders is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desole
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annapia Vitacolonna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U1237, University of Caen, Gyp Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Paolo Comoglio
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Altered Cl - homeostasis hinders forebrain GABAergic interneuron migration in a mouse model of intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016034118. [PMID: 33376209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016034118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments of inhibitory circuits are at the basis of most, if not all, cognitive deficits. The impact of OPHN1, a gene associate with intellectual disability (ID), on inhibitory neurons remains elusive. We addressed this issue by analyzing the postnatal migration of inhibitory interneurons derived from the subventricular zone in a validated mouse model of ID (OPHN1-/y mice). We found that the speed and directionality of migrating neuroblasts were deeply perturbed in OPHN1-/y mice. The significant reduction in speed was due to altered chloride (Cl-) homeostasis, while the overactivation of the OPHN1 downstream signaling pathway, RhoA kinase (ROCK), caused abnormalities in the directionality of the neuroblast progression in mutants. Blocking the cation-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 almost completely rescued the migration speed while proper directionality was restored upon ROCK inhibition. Our data unveil a strong impact of OPHN1 on GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and identify putative targets for successful therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim S, Kim J, Park S, Park JJ, Lee S. Drosophila Graf regulates mushroom body β-axon extension and olfactory long-term memory. Mol Brain 2021; 14:73. [PMID: 33892766 PMCID: PMC8067379 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the human oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) gene cause intellectual disability, a prevailing neurodevelopmental condition. However, the role OPHN1 plays during neuronal development is not well understood. We investigated the role of the Drosophila OPHN1 ortholog Graf in the development of the mushroom body (MB), a key brain structure for learning and memory in insects. We show that loss of Graf causes abnormal crossing of the MB β lobe over the brain midline during metamorphosis. This defect in Graf mutants is rescued by MB-specific expression of Graf and OPHN1. Furthermore, MB α/β neuron-specific RNA interference experiments and mosaic analyses indicate that Graf acts via a cell-autonomous mechanism. Consistent with the negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by Graf, activation of this pathway is required for the β-lobe midline-crossing phenotype of Graf mutants. Finally, Graf mutants have impaired olfactory long-term memory. Our findings reveal a role for Graf in MB axon development and suggest potential neurodevelopmental functions of human OPHN1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungdae Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oligophrenin-1 moderates behavioral responses to stress by regulating parvalbumin interneuron activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuron 2021; 109:1636-1656.e8. [PMID: 33831348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at increased risk of developing stress-related behavioral problems and mood disorders, yet a mechanistic explanation for such a link remains largely elusive. Here, we focused on characterizing the syndromic ID gene oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1). We find that Ophn1 deficiency in mice markedly enhances helpless/depressive-like behavior in the face of repeated/uncontrollable stress. Strikingly, Ophn1 deletion exclusively in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL-mPFC) is sufficient to induce helplessness. This behavioral phenotype is mediated by a diminished excitatory drive onto Ophn1-deficient PL-mPFC PV interneurons, leading to hyperactivity in this region. Importantly, suppressing neuronal activity or RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling in the PL-mPFC reverses helpless behavior. Our results identify OPHN1 as a critical regulator of adaptive behavioral responses to stress and shed light onto the mechanistic links among OPHN1 genetic deficits, mPFC circuit dysfunction, and abnormalities in stress-related behaviors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nuovo S, Brankovic V, Caputi C, Casella A, Nigro V, Leuzzi V, Valente EM. Novel unconventional variants expand the allelic spectrum of OPHN1 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1575-1581. [PMID: 33638601 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the OPHN1 gene cause a rare X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, variably associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and distinctive facial appearance. In most of cases so far reported, the identified genomic variants involve the region encoding the central RhoGAP domain of the oligophrenin-1 protein, and are predicted to result in a complete loss of function. By using a NGS-based diagnostic approach, we identified three male and a female patients from two unrelated families carrying novel non-disruptive OPHN1 variants (the in-frame c.116_127 deletion and the missense c.2129C>T change, respectively), affecting either the BAR domain or the C-terminus proline-rich domain of the protein. Clinical and neuroimaging findings in the patients recapitulated the main features of OPHN1-related syndrome, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral disorder, dysmorphic features, seizures, cerebellar hypoplasia, and ventriculomegaly. Yet, we observed a wide variability even among affected siblings, confirming the lack of clear genotype-phenotype correlation. Our results expand the allelic spectrum of OPHN1 and illustrate the challenges for clinical interpretation of non-disruptive variants affecting X-linked genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nuovo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vesna Brankovic
- Clinic for Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Caterina Caputi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Casella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lucken-Ardjomande Häsler S, Vallis Y, Pasche M, McMahon HT. GRAF2, WDR44, and MICAL1 mediate Rab8/10/11-dependent export of E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151714. [PMID: 32344433 PMCID: PMC7199855 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical pathway of secretion, some transmembrane proteins reach the plasma membrane through alternative routes. Several proteins transit through endosomes and are exported in a Rab8-, Rab10-, and/or Rab11-dependent manner. GRAFs are membrane-binding proteins associated with tubules and vesicles. We found extensive colocalization of GRAF1b/2 with Rab8a/b and partial with Rab10. We identified MICAL1 and WDR44 as direct GRAF-binding partners. MICAL1 links GRAF1b/2 to Rab8a/b and Rab10, and WDR44 binds Rab11. Endogenous WDR44 labels a subset of tubular endosomes, which are closely aligned with the ER via binding to VAPA/B. With its BAR domain, GRAF2 can tubulate membranes, and in its absence WDR44 tubules are not observed. We show that GRAF2 and WDR44 are essential for the export of neosynthesized E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508, three proteins whose exocytosis is sensitive to ER stress. Overexpression of dominant negative mutants of GRAF1/2, WDR44, and MICAL1 also interferes with it, facilitating future studies of Rab8/10/11-dependent exocytic pathways of central importance in biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Vallis
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathias Pasche
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey T McMahon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Distinct Pathogenic Genes Causing Intellectual Disability and Autism Exhibit a Common Neuronal Network Hyperactivity Phenotype. Cell Rep 2021; 30:173-186.e6. [PMID: 31914384 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in either one of the epigenetic modifiers EHMT1, MBD5, MLL3, or SMARCB1 have been identified to be causative for Kleefstra syndrome spectrum (KSS), a neurodevelopmental disorder with clinical features of both intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To understand how these variants lead to the phenotypic convergence in KSS, we employ a loss-of-function approach to assess neuronal network development at the molecular, single-cell, and network activity level. KSS-gene-deficient neuronal networks all develop into hyperactive networks with altered network organization and excitatory-inhibitory balance. Interestingly, even though transcriptional data reveal distinct regulatory mechanisms, KSS target genes share similar functions in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic function, several of which are associated with ID and ASD. Our results show that KSS genes mainly converge at the level of neuronal network communication, providing insights into the pathophysiology of KSS and phenotypically congruent disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
The Na +-activated K + channel Slack contributes to synaptic development and plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7569-7587. [PMID: 34664085 PMCID: PMC8629810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human mutations of the Na+-activated K+ channel Slack (KCNT1) are associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Accordingly, Slack knockout mice (Slack-/-) exhibit cognitive flexibility deficits in distinct behavioral tasks. So far, however, the underlying causes as well as the role of Slack in hippocampus-dependent memory functions remain enigmatic. We now report that infant (P6-P14) Slack-/- lack both hippocampal LTD and LTP, likely due to impaired NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling. Postsynaptic GluN2B levels are reduced in infant Slack-/-, evidenced by lower amplitudes of NMDAR-meditated excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Low GluN2B affected NMDAR-mediated Ca2+-influx, rendering cultured hippocampal Slack-/-neurons highly insensitive to the GluN2B-specific inhibitor Ro 25-6981. Furthermore, dephosphorylation of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1 at S845, which is involved in AMPAR endocytosis during homeostatic and neuromodulator-regulated plasticity, is reduced after chemical LTD (cLTD) in infant Slack-/-. We additionally detect a lack of mGluR-induced LTD in infant Slack-/-, possibly caused by upregulation of the recycling endosome-associated small GTPase Rab4 which might accelerate AMPAR recycling from early endosomes. Interestingly, LTP and mGluR LTD, but not LTD and S845 dephosphorylation after cLTD are restored in adult Slack-/-. This together with normalized expression levels of GluN2B and Rab4 hints to developmental "restoration" of LTP expression despite Slack ablation, whereas in infant and adult brain, NMDAR-dependent LTD induction depends on this channel. Based on the present findings, NMDAR and vesicular transport might represent novel targets for the therapy of intellectual disability associated with Slack mutations. Consequently, careful modulation of hippocampal Slack activity should also improve learning abilities.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilson E, Rudisill T, Kirk B, Johnson C, Kemper P, Newell-Litwa K. Cytoskeletal regulation of synaptogenesis in a model of human fetal brain development. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2148-2165. [PMID: 32713041 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory synapse formation begins in mid-fetal gestation. However, due to our inability to image fetal synaptogenesis, the initial formation of synapses remains understudied. The recent development of human fetal brain spheroids provides access to this critical period of synapse formation. Using human neurons and brain spheroids, we address how altered actin regulation impacts the formation of excitatory synapses during fetal brain development. Prior to synapse formation, inhibition of RhoA kinase (ROCK) signaling promotes neurite elongation and branching. In addition to increasing neural complexity, ROCK inhibition increases the length of protrusions along the neurite, ultimately promoting excitatory synapse formation in human cortical brain spheroids. A corresponding increase in Rac1-driven actin polymerization drives this increase in excitatory synaptogenesis. Using STORM super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that actomyosin regulators, including the Rac1 regulator, α-PIX, and the RhoA regulator, p115-RhoGEF, localize to nascent excitatory synapses, where they preferentially localize to postsynaptic compartments. These results demonstrate that coordinated RhoGTPase activities underlie the initial formation of excitatory synapses and identify critical cytoskeletal regulators of early synaptogenic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wilson
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Taylor Rudisill
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brenna Kirk
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Colin Johnson
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Paige Kemper
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Karen Newell-Litwa
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hormones Secretion and Rho GTPases in Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071859. [PMID: 32664294 PMCID: PMC7408961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from hormone secreting cells. These tumors are often associated with a dysfunction of their secretory activity. Neuroendocrine secretion occurs through calcium-regulated exocytosis, a process that is tightly controlled by Rho GTPases family members. In this review, we compiled the numerous mutations and modification of expression levels of Rho GTPases or their regulators (Rho guanine nucleotide-exchange factors and Rho GTPase-activating proteins) that have been identified in NETs. We discussed how they might regulate neuroendocrine secretion.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pillet LE, Cresto N, Saillour Y, Ghézali G, Bemelmans AP, Livet J, Bienvenu T, Rouach N, Billuart P. The intellectual disability protein Oligophrenin-1 controls astrocyte morphology and migration. Glia 2020; 68:1729-1742. [PMID: 32073702 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are involved in several aspects of neuronal development and properties which are altered in intellectual disability (ID). Oligophrenin-1 is a RhoGAP protein implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, and whose mutations are associated with X-linked ID. Oligophrenin-1 is expressed in neurons, where its functions have been widely reported at the synapse, as well as in glial cells. However, its roles in astrocytes are still largely unexplored. Using in vitro and in vivo models of oligophrenin1 disruption in astrocytes, we found that oligophrenin1 regulates at the molecular level the RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 pathway in astroglial cells. We also showed at the cellular level that oligophrenin1 modulates astrocyte morphology and migration both in vitro and in vivo, and is involved in glial scar formation. Altogether, these data suggest that oligophrenin1 deficiency alters not only neuronal but also astrocytic functions, which might contribute to the development of ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elise Pillet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Cresto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Ghézali
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, and CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma X, Qiu S. Control of cortical synapse development and plasticity by MET receptor tyrosine kinase, a genetic risk factor for autism. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:2115-2129. [PMID: 31746037 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The key developmental milestone events of the human brain, such as neurogenesis, synapse formation, maturation, and plasticity, are determined by a myriad of molecular signaling events, including those mediated by a number of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their cognate ligands. Aberrant or mistimed brain development and plasticity can lead to maladaptive changes, such as dysregulated synaptic connectivity and breakdown of circuit functions necessary for cognition and adaptive behaviors, which are hypothesized pathophysiologies of many neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review recent literature that supports autism spectrum disorder as a likely result of aberrant synapse development due to mistimed maturation and plasticity. We focus on MET RTK, a prominent genetic risk factor for autism, and discuss how a pleiotropic molecular signaling system engaged by MET exemplifies a genetic program that controls cortical circuit development and plasticity by modulating the anatomical and functional connectivity of cortical circuits, thus conferring genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokuang Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iqbal Z, Tawamie H, Ba W, Reis A, Halak BA, Sticht H, Uebe S, Kasri NN, Riazuddin S, van Bokhoven H, Abou Jamra R. Loss of function of SVBP leads to autosomal recessive intellectual disability, microcephaly, ataxia, and hypotonia. Genet Med 2019; 21:1790-1796. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
26
|
Rho GTPases in Intellectual Disability: From Genetics to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061821. [PMID: 29925821 PMCID: PMC6032284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-class small GTPases are implicated in basic cellular processes at nearly all brain developmental steps, from neurogenesis and migration to axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. GTPases are key signal transducing enzymes that link extracellular cues to the neuronal responses required for the construction of neuronal networks, as well as for synaptic function and plasticity. Rho GTPases are highly regulated by a complex set of activating (GEFs) and inactivating (GAPs) partners, via protein:protein interactions (PPI). Misregulated RhoA, Rac1/Rac3 and cdc42 activity has been linked with intellectual disability (ID) and other neurodevelopmental conditions that comprise ID. All genetic evidences indicate that in these disorders the RhoA pathway is hyperactive while the Rac1 and cdc42 pathways are consistently hypoactive. Adopting cultured neurons for in vitro testing and specific animal models of ID for in vivo examination, the endophenotypes associated with these conditions are emerging and include altered neuronal networking, unbalanced excitation/inhibition and altered synaptic activity and plasticity. As we approach a clearer definition of these phenotype(s) and the role of hyper- and hypo-active GTPases in the construction of neuronal networks, there is an increasing possibility that selective inhibitors and activators might be designed via PPI, or identified by screening, that counteract the misregulation of small GTPases and result in alleviation of the cognitive condition. Here we review all knowledge in support of this possibility.
Collapse
|
27
|
LARGE, an intellectual disability-associated protein, regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor trafficking and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7111-7116. [PMID: 29915039 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human LARGE gene result in severe intellectual disability and muscular dystrophy. How LARGE mutation leads to intellectual disability, however, is unclear. In our proteomic study, LARGE was found to be a component of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPA-R) protein complex, a main player for learning and memory in the brain. Here, our functional study of LARGE showed that LARGE at the Golgi apparatus (Golgi) negatively controlled AMPA-R trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, leading to down-regulated surface and synaptic AMPA-R targeting. In LARGE knockdown mice, long-term potentiation (LTP) was occluded by synaptic AMPA-R overloading, resulting in impaired contextual fear memory. These findings indicate that the fine-tuning of AMPA-R trafficking by LARGE at the Golgi is critical for hippocampus-dependent memory in the brain. Our study thus provides insights into the pathophysiology underlying cognitive deficits in brain disorders associated with intellectual disability.
Collapse
|
28
|
Moretto E, Murru L, Martano G, Sassone J, Passafaro M. Glutamatergic synapses in neurodevelopmental disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:328-342. [PMID: 28935587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of diseases whose symptoms arise during childhood or adolescence and that impact several higher cognitive functions such as learning, sociability and mood. Accruing evidence suggests that a shared pathogenic mechanism underlying these diseases is the dysfunction of glutamatergic synapses. We summarize present knowledge on autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), Down syndrome (DS), Rett syndrome (RS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), highlighting the involvement of glutamatergic synapses and receptors in these disorders. The most commonly shared defects involve α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), whose functions are strongly linked to synaptic plasticity, affecting both cell-autonomous features as well as circuit formation. Moreover, the major scaffolding proteins and, thus, the general structure of the synapse are often deregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders, which is not surprising considering their crucial role in the regulation of glutamate receptor positioning and functioning. This convergence of defects supports the definition of neurodevelopmental disorders as a continuum of pathological manifestations, suggesting that glutamatergic synapses could be a therapeutic target to ameliorate patient symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Moretto
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Murru
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martano
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Passafaro
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Synaptic dysfunction in amygdala in intellectual disorder models. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:392-397. [PMID: 28774568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is a part of the limbic circuit that has been extensively studied in terms of synaptic connectivity, plasticity and cellular organization since decades (Ehrlich et al., 2009; Ledoux, 2000; Maren, 2001). Amygdala sub-nuclei, including lateral, basolateral and central amygdala appear now as "hubs" providing in parallel and in series neuronal processing enabling the animal to elicit freezing or escaping behavior in response to external threats. In rodents, these behaviors are easily observed and quantified following associative fear conditioning. Thus, studies on amygdala circuit in association with threat/fear behavior became very popular in laboratories and are often used among other behavioral tests to evaluate learning abilities of mouse models for various neuropsychiatric conditions including genetically encoded intellectual disabilities (ID). Yet, more than 100 human X-linked genes - and several hundreds of autosomal genes - have been associated with ID in humans. These mutations introduced in mice can generate social deficits, anxiety dysregulations and fear learning impairments (McNaughton et al., 2008; Houbaert et al., 2013; Jayachandran et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2015). Noteworthy, a significant proportion of the coded ID gene products are synaptic proteins. It is postulated that the loss of function of these proteins could destabilize neuronal circuits by global changes of the balance between inhibitory and excitatory drives onto neurons. However, whereas amygdala related behavioral deficits are commonly observed in ID models, the role of most of these ID-genes in synaptic function and plasticity in the amygdala are only sparsely studied. We will here discuss some of the concepts that emerged from amygdala-targeted studies examining the role of syndromic and non-syndromic ID genes in fear-related behaviors and/or synaptic function. Along describing these cases, we will discuss how synaptic deficits observed in amygdala circuits could impact memory formation and expression of conditioned fear.
Collapse
|
30
|
Moortgat S, Lederer D, Deprez M, Buzatu M, Clapuyt P, Boulanger S, Benoit V, Mary S, Guichet A, Ziegler A, Colin E, Bonneau D, Maystadt I. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with OPHN1 mutations: Report of 17 individuals with intellectual disability but no cerebellar hypoplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:442-450. [PMID: 29510240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the oligophrenin 1 gene (OPHN1) have been identified in patients with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly, suggesting it could be a recognizable syndromic intellectual disability (ID). Affected individuals share additional clinical features including speech delay, seizures, strabismus, behavioral difficulties, and slight facial dysmorphism. OPHN1 is located in Xq12 and encodes a Rho-GTPase-activating protein involved in the regulation of the G-protein cycle. Rho protein members play an important role in dendritic growth and in plasticity of excitatory synapses. Here we report on 17 individuals from four unrelated families affected by mild to severe intellectual disability due to OPHN1 mutations without cerebellar anomaly on brain MRI. We describe clinical, genetic and neuroimaging data of affected patients. Among the identified OPHN1 mutations, we report for the first time a missense mutation occurring in a mosaic state. We discuss the intrafamilial clinical variability of the disease and compare our patients with those previously reported. We emphasize the power of next generation techniques (X-exome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and targeted multi-gene panel) to expand the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of OPHN1-related ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Deprez
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium; Département de Neuro-pédiatrie, Clinique Sainte-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marga Buzatu
- Département de Neuro-pédiatrie, Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Philippe Clapuyt
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Imaging Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boulanger
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Mary
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Agnès Guichet
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kinases of eIF2a Switch Translation of mRNA Subset during Neuronal Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102213. [PMID: 29065505 PMCID: PMC5666893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other types of cells, neurons express the largest number of diverse mRNAs, including neuron-specific ones. This mRNA diversity is required for neuronal function, memory storage, maintenance and retrieval. Regulation of translation in neurons is very complicated and involves various proteins. Some proteins, implementing translational control in other cell types, are used by neurons for synaptic plasticity. In this review, we discuss the neuron-specific activity of four kinases: protein kinase R (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2), and heme-reguated eIF2α kinase (HRI), the substrate for which is α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α is necessary for the cell during stress conditions, such as lack of amino acids, energy stress or viral infection. We propose that, during memory formation, neurons use some mechanisms similar to those involved in the cellular stress. The four eIF2α kinases regulate translation of certain mRNAs containing upstream open reading frames (uORFs). These mRNAs encode proteins involved in the processes of long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD). The review examines some neuronal proteins for which translation regulation by eIF2 was suggested and checked experimentally. Of such proteins, we pay close attention to protein kinase Mζ, which is involved in memory storage and regulated at the translational level.
Collapse
|
32
|
Protein Kinase A Deregulation in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Working Memory in Murine Oligophrenin-1 Deficiency. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11114-11126. [PMID: 29030432 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0351-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical and systems genetics have identified wide networks of genes associated with cognitive and neurodevelopmental diseases. In parallel to deciphering the role of each of these genes in neuronal or synaptic function, evaluating the response of neuronal and molecular networks to gene loss of function could reveal some pathophysiological mechanisms potentially accessible to nongenetic therapies. Loss of function of the Rho-GAP oligophrenin-1 is associated with cognitive impairments in both human and mouse. Upregulation of both PKA and ROCK has been reported in Ophn1-/y mice, but it remains unclear whether kinase hyperactivity contributes to the behavioral phenotypes. In this study, we thoroughly characterized a prominent perseveration phenotype displayed by Ophn1-deficient mice using a Y-maze spatial working memory (SWM) test. We report that Ophn1 deficiency in the mouse generated severe cognitive impairments, characterized by both a high occurrence of perseverative behaviors and a lack of deliberation during the SWM test. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments suggest that PKA dysregulation in the mPFC underlies cognitive dysfunction in Ophn1-deficient mice, as assessed using a delayed spatial alternation task results. Functionally, mPFC neuronal networks appeared to be affected in a PKA-dependent manner, whereas hippocampal-PFC projections involved in SWM were not affected in Ophn1-/y mice. Thus, we propose that discrete gene mutations in intellectual disability might generate "secondary" pathophysiological mechanisms, which are prone to become pharmacological targets for curative strategies in adult patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we report that Ophn1 deficiency generates severe impairments in performance at spatial working memory tests, characterized by a high occurrence of perseverative behaviors and a lack of decision making. This cognitive deficit is consecutive to PKA deregulation in the mPFC that prevents Ophn1 KO mice to exploit a correctly acquired rule. Functionally, mPFC neuronal networks appear to be affected in a PKA-dependent manner, whereas behaviorally important hippocampal projections were preserved by the mutation. Thus, we propose that discrete gene mutations in intellectual disability can generate "secondary" pathophysiological mechanisms prone to become pharmacological targets for curative strategies in adults.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ulc A, Gottschling C, Schäfer I, Wegrzyn D, van Leeuwen S, Luft V, Reinhard J, Faissner A. Involvement of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 in central nervous system development and plasticity. Biol Chem 2017; 398:663-675. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small GTP-hydrolyzing enzymes (GTPases) of the RhoA family play manifold roles in cell biology and are regulated by upstream guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Herein, we focus on the GEFs of the Vav subfamily. Vav1 was originally described as a proto-oncogene of the hematopoietic lineage. The GEFs Vav2 and Vav3 are more broadly expressed in various tissues. In particular, the GEF Vav3 may play important roles in the developing nervous system during the differentiation of neural stem cells into the major lineages, namely neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. We discuss its putative regulatory roles for progenitor differentiation in the developing retina, polarization of neurons and formation of synapses, migration of oligodendrocyte progenitors and establishment of myelin sheaths. We propose that Vav3 mediates the response of various neural cell types to environmental cues.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mallik B, Dwivedi MK, Mushtaq Z, Kumari M, Verma PK, Kumar V. Regulation of neuromuscular junction organization by Rab2 and its effector ICA69 in Drosophila. Development 2017; 144:2032-2044. [PMID: 28455372 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying synaptic differentiation, which involves neuronal membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling, are not completely understood. We performed a targeted RNAi-mediated screen of Drosophila BAR-domain proteins and identified islet cell autoantigen 69 kDa (ICA69) as one of the key regulators of morphological differentiation of the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We show that Drosophila ICA69 colocalizes with α-Spectrin at the NMJ. The conserved N-BAR domain of ICA69 deforms liposomes in vitro Full-length ICA69 and the ICAC but not the N-BAR domain of ICA69 induce filopodia in cultured cells. Consistent with its cytoskeleton regulatory role, ICA69 mutants show reduced α-Spectrin immunoreactivity at the larval NMJ. Manipulating levels of ICA69 or its interactor PICK1 alters the synaptic level of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Moreover, reducing PICK1 or Rab2 levels phenocopies ICA69 mutation. Interestingly, Rab2 regulates not only synaptic iGluR but also ICA69 levels. Thus, our data suggest that: (1) ICA69 regulates NMJ organization through a pathway that involves PICK1 and Rab2, and (2) Rab2 functions genetically upstream of ICA69 and regulates NMJ organization and targeting/retention of iGluRs by regulating ICA69 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Mallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, AB-3, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Manish Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, AB-3, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Zeeshan Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, AB-3, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Manisha Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vimlesh Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, AB-3, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ba W, Nadif Kasri N. RhoGTPases at the synapse: An embarrassment of choice. Small GTPases 2017; 8:106-113. [PMID: 27492682 PMCID: PMC5464131 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1206352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent modifications in the strength of excitatory synapses are considered to be major cellular mechanisms that contribute to the plasticity of neuronal networks underlying learning and memory. Key mechanisms for the regulation of synaptic efficacy involve the dynamic changes in size and number of dendritic spines, as well as the synaptic incorporation and removal of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPAr). As key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, the Rho subfamily of GTP-binding proteins play a critical role in synaptic development and plasticity. They shuttle between the active GTP-bound form and the inactive GDP-bound form under the regulation of dedicated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). More than 80 human GEFs and 70 GAPs have been identified, most of which are expressed in the brain with a specific spatial and temporal expression pattern. However, the function of most GEFs and GAPs in the brain has not been elucidated. In this review, we highlight the novel neuronal function of the synaptic RhoGAP ARHGAP12 and the ID-associated RhoGEF TRIO and further propose 3 possible approaches of neurons utilizing Rho GTPase regulatory proteins to accurately modulate synaptic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. Ba
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N. Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Olde Loohuis NFM, Nadif Kasri N, Glennon JC, van Bokhoven H, Hébert SS, Kaplan BB, Martens GJM, Aschrafi A. The schizophrenia risk gene MIR137 acts as a hippocampal gene network node orchestrating the expression of genes relevant to nervous system development and function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 73:109-118. [PMID: 26925706 PMCID: PMC5002268 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small regulatory molecules, which orchestrate neuronal development and plasticity through modulation of complex gene networks. MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) is a brain-enriched RNA with a critical role in regulating brain development and in mediating synaptic plasticity. Importantly, mutations in this miR are associated with the pathoetiology of schizophrenia (SZ), and there is a widespread assumption that disruptions in miR-137 expression lead to aberrant expression of gene regulatory networks associated with SZ. To systematically identify the mRNA targets for this miR, we performed miR-137 gain- and loss-of-function experiments in primary rat hippocampal neurons and profiled differentially expressed mRNAs through next-generation sequencing. We identified 500 genes that were bidirectionally activated or repressed in their expression by the modulation of miR-137 levels. Gene ontology analysis using two independent software resources suggested functions for these miR-137-regulated genes in neurodevelopmental processes, neuronal maturation processes and cell maintenance, all of which known to be critical for proper brain circuitry formation. Since many of the putative miR-137 targets identified here also have been previously shown to be associated with SZ, we propose that this miR acts as a critical gene network hub contributing to the pathophysiology of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikkie F M Olde Loohuis
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC G1V4G2, Canada; Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Barry B Kaplan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Armaz Aschrafi
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang GH, Sun ZL, Li HJ, Feng DF. Rho GTPase-activating proteins: Regulators of Rho GTPase activity in neuronal development and CNS diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:18-31. [PMID: 28163190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases was considered as molecular switches in regulating multiple cellular events, including cytoskeleton reorganization. The Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) are one of the major families of Rho GTPase regulators. RhoGAPs were initially considered negative mediators of Rho signaling pathways via their GAP domain. Recent studies have demonstrated that RhoGAPs also regulate numerous aspects of neuronal development and are related to various neurodegenerative diseases in GAP-dependent and GAP-independent manners. Moreover, RhoGAPs are regulated through various mechanisms, such as phosphorylation. To date, approximately 70 RhoGAPs have been identified; however, only a small portion has been thoroughly investigated. Thus, the characterization of important RhoGAPs in the central nervous system is crucial to understand their spatiotemporal role during different stages of neuronal development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoGAPs in the brain with an emphasis on their molecular function, regulation mechanism and disease implications in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China; Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miceli S, Nadif Kasri N, Joosten J, Huang C, Kepser L, Proville R, Selten MM, van Eijs F, Azarfar A, Homberg JR, Celikel T, Schubert D. Reduced Inhibition within Layer IV of Sert Knockout Rat Barrel Cortex is Associated with Faster Sensory Integration. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:933-949. [PMID: 28158484 PMCID: PMC5390402 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural activity is essential for the maturation of sensory systems. In the rodent primary somatosensory cortex (S1), high extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels during development impair neural transmission between the thalamus and cortical input layer IV (LIV). Rodent models of impaired 5-HT transporter (SERT) function show disruption in their topological organization of S1 and in the expression of activity-regulated genes essential for inhibitory cortical network formation. It remains unclear how such alterations affect the sensory information processing within cortical LIV. Using serotonin transporter knockout (Sert-/-) rats, we demonstrate that high extracellular serotonin levels are associated with impaired feedforward inhibition (FFI), fewer perisomatic inhibitory synapses, a depolarized GABA reversal potential and reduced expression of KCC2 transporters in juvenile animals. At the neural population level, reduced FFI increases the excitatory drive originating from LIV, facilitating evoked representations in the supragranular layers II/III. The behavioral consequence of these changes in network excitability is faster integration of the sensory information during whisker-based tactile navigation, as Sert-/- rats require fewer whisker contacts with tactile targets and perform object localization with faster reaction times. These results highlight the association of serotonergic homeostasis with formation and excitability of sensory cortical networks, and consequently with sensory perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Miceli
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neural Networks, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Max Planck Society, Germany
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Joosten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Kepser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rémi Proville
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Selten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fenneke van Eijs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Azarfar
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Martin-Vilchez S, Whitmore L, Asmussen H, Zareno J, Horwitz R, Newell-Litwa K. RhoGTPase Regulators Orchestrate Distinct Stages of Synaptic Development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170464. [PMID: 28114311 PMCID: PMC5256999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RhoGTPases regulate changes in post-synaptic spine morphology and density that support learning and memory. They are also major targets of synaptic disorders, including Autism. Here we sought to determine whether upstream RhoGTPase regulators, including GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs, sculpt specific stages of synaptic development. The majority of examined molecules uniquely regulate either early spine precursor formation or later maturation. Specifically, an activator of actin polymerization, the Rac1 GEF β-PIX, drives spine precursor formation, whereas both FRABIN, a Cdc42 GEF, and OLIGOPHRENIN-1, a RhoA GAP, regulate spine precursor elongation. However, in later development, a novel Rac1 GAP, ARHGAP23, and RhoGDIs inactivate actomyosin dynamics to stabilize mature synapses. Our observations demonstrate that specific combinations of RhoGTPase regulatory proteins temporally balance RhoGTPase activity during post-synaptic spine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martin-Vilchez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Leanna Whitmore
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Hannelore Asmussen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Zareno
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Karen Newell-Litwa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pharmacological rescue of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of X-linked intellectual disability. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 100:75-86. [PMID: 28088401 PMCID: PMC5346071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a Rho GTPase activating protein whose mutations cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). How loss of function of Ophn1 affects neuronal development is only partly understood. Here we have exploited adult hippocampal neurogenesis to dissect the steps of neuronal differentiation that are affected by Ophn1 deletion. We found that mice lacking Ophn1 display a reduction in the number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. A significant fraction of the Ophn1-deficient newly generated neurons failed to extend an axon towards CA3, and showed an altered density of dendritic protrusions. Since Ophn1-deficient mice display overactivation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, we administered a clinically approved ROCK/PKA inhibitor (fasudil) to correct the neurogenesis defects. While administration of fasudil was not effective in rescuing axon formation, the same treatment completely restored spine density to control levels, and enhanced the long-term survival of adult-born neurons in mice lacking Ophn1. These results identify specific neurodevelopmental steps that are impacted by Ophn1 deletion, and indicate that they may be at least partially corrected by pharmacological treatment.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bart Martens M, Frega M, Classen J, Epping L, Bijvank E, Benevento M, van Bokhoven H, Tiesinga P, Schubert D, Nadif Kasri N. Euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 regulates cortical neuronal network development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35756. [PMID: 27767173 PMCID: PMC5073331 DOI: 10.1038/srep35756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations or deletions in the human Euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene cause Kleefstra syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by autistic-like features and severe intellectual disability (ID). Neurodevelopmental disorders including ID and autism may be related to deficits in activity-dependent wiring of brain circuits during development. Although Kleefstra syndrome has been associated with dendritic and synaptic defects in mice and Drosophila, little is known about the role of EHMT1 in the development of cortical neuronal networks. Here we used micro-electrode arrays and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to investigate the impact of EHMT1 deficiency at the network and single cell level. We show that EHMT1 deficiency impaired neural network activity during the transition from uncorrelated background action potential firing to synchronized network bursting. Spontaneous bursting and excitatory synaptic currents were transiently reduced, whereas miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were not affected. Finally, we show that loss of function of EHMT1 ultimately resulted in less regular network bursting patterns later in development. These data suggest that the developmental impairments observed in EHMT1-deficient networks may result in a temporal misalignment between activity-dependent developmental processes thereby contributing to the pathophysiology of Kleefstra syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bart Martens
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Classen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Epping
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elske Bijvank
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Benevento
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Tiesinga
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Actin-Dependent Alterations of Dendritic Spine Morphology in Shankopathies. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8051861. [PMID: 27795858 PMCID: PMC5067329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank proteins (Shank1, Shank2, and Shank3) act as scaffolding molecules in the postsynaptic density of many excitatory neurons. Mutations in SHANK genes, in particular SHANK2 and SHANK3, lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in both human and mouse models. Shank3 proteins are made of several domains-the Shank/ProSAP N-terminal (SPN) domain, ankyrin repeats, SH3 domain, PDZ domain, a proline-rich region, and the sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. Via various binding partners of these domains, Shank3 is able to bind and interact with a wide range of proteins including modulators of small GTPases such as RICH2, a RhoGAP protein, and βPIX, a RhoGEF protein for Rac1 and Cdc42, actin binding proteins and actin modulators. Dysregulation of all isoforms of Shank proteins, but especially Shank3, leads to alterations in spine morphogenesis, shape, and activity of the synapse via altering actin dynamics. Therefore, here, we highlight the role of Shank proteins as modulators of small GTPases and, ultimately, actin dynamics, as found in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. The failure to mediate this regulatory role might present a shared mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism-associated mutations, which leads to dysregulation of spine morphogenesis and synaptic signaling.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zimering JH, Dong Y, Fang F, Huang L, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Sevoflurane Causes Rho-Dependent Filopodial Shortening in Mouse Neurons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159637. [PMID: 27441369 PMCID: PMC4956198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early postnatal anesthesia causes long-lasting learning and memory impairment in rodents, however, evidence for a specific neurotoxic effect on early synaptogenesis has not been demonstrated. Drebrin A is an actin binding protein whose localization in dendritic protrusions serves an important role in dendritic spine morphogenesis, and is a marker for early synaptogenesis. We therefore set out to investigate whether clinically-relevant concentrations of anesthetic sevoflurane, widely- used in infants and children, alters dendritic morphology in cultured fetal day 16 mouse hippocampal neurons. After 7 days in vitro, mouse hippocampal neurons were exposed to four hours of 3% sevoflurane in 95% air/5% CO2 or control condition (95% air/5% CO2). Neurons were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with Alexa Fluor555-Phalloidin, and/or rabbit anti-mouse drebrin A/E antibodies which permitted subcellular localization of filamentous (F)-actin and/or drebrin immunoreactivity, respectively. Sevoflurane caused acute significant length-shortening in filopodia and thin dendritic spines in days-in-vitro 7 neurons, an effect which was completely rescued by co-incubating neurons with ten micromolar concentrations of the selective Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Filopodia and thin spine recovered in length two days after sevoflurane exposure. Yet cluster-type filopodia (a precursor to synaptic filopodia) were persistently significantly decreased in number on day-in-vitro 9, in part owing to preferential localization of drebrin immunoreactivity to dendritic shafts versus filopodial stalks. These data suggest that sevoflurane induces F-actin depolymerization leading to acute, reversible length-shortening in dendritic protrusions through a mechanism involving (in part) activation of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling and impairs localization of drebrin A to filopodia required for early excitatory synapse formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H. Zimering
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fang Fang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lining Huang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sheng Y, Zhang L, Su SC, Tsai LH, Julius Zhu J. Cdk5 is a New Rapid Synaptic Homeostasis Regulator Capable of Initiating the Early Alzheimer-Like Pathology. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:2937-51. [PMID: 26088971 PMCID: PMC4898661 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in synaptic plasticity, behavior, and cognition, yet its synaptic function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that physiological Cdk5 signaling in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons regulates homeostatic synaptic transmission using an unexpectedly rapid mechanism that is different from all known slow homeostatic regulators, such as beta amyloid (Aβ) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc, aka Arg3.1). Interestingly, overproduction of the potent Cdk5 activator p25 reduces synapse density, and dynamically regulates synaptic size by suppressing or enhancing Aβ/Arc production. Moreover, chronic overproduction of p25, seen in Alzheimer's patients, induces initially concurrent reduction in synapse density and increase in synaptic size characteristic of the early Alzheimer-like pathology, and later persistent synapse elimination in intact brains. These results identify Cdk5 as the regulator of a novel rapid form of homeostasis at central synapses and p25 as the first molecule capable of initiating the early Alzheimer's synaptic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Undergraduate Class of 2011, Yuanpei Honors College, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Susan C. Su
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J. Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Compagnucci C, Barresi S, Petrini S, Billuart P, Piccini G, Chiurazzi P, Alfieri P, Bertini E, Zanni G. Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Essential During In Vitro Neurogenesis and Promotes Phenotypic Rescue of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons With Oligophrenin-1 Loss of Function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:860-9. [PMID: 27160703 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Rho-GTPases have relevant functions in various aspects of neuronal development, such as differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Loss of function of the oligophrenin-1 gene (OPHN1) causes X-linked intellectual disability with cerebellar hypoplasia and leads to hyperactivation of the rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. ROCK mainly acts through phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1, triggering actin-myosin contractility. We show that during in vitro neurogenesis, ROCK activity decreases from day 10 until terminal differentiation, whereas in OPHN1-deficient human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs), the levels of ROCK are elevated throughout differentiation. ROCK inhibition favors neuronal-like appearance of h-iPSCs, in parallel with transcriptional upregulation of nuclear receptor NR4A1, which is known to induce neurite outgrowth. This study analyzed the morphological, biochemical, and functional features of OPHN1-deficient h-iPSCs and their rescue by treatment with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil, shedding light on the relevance of the ROCK pathway during neuronal differentiation and providing a neuronal model for human OPHN1 syndrome and its treatment. SIGNIFICANCE The analysis of the levels of rho kinase (ROCK) activity at different stages of in vitro neurogenesis of human induced pluripotent stem cells reveals that ROCK activity decreases progressively in parallel with the appearance of neuronal-like morphology and upregulation of nuclear receptor NR4A1. These results shed light on the role of the ROCK pathway during early stages of human neurogenesis and provide a neuronal stem cell-based model for the treatment of OPHN1 syndrome and other neurological disorders due to ROCK dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Research Laboratories, Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, and Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Department of Genetic and Development, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Giorgia Piccini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Institute of Human and Medical Genetics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Meziane H, Khelfaoui M, Morello N, Hiba B, Calcagno E, Reibel-Foisset S, Selloum M, Chelly J, Humeau Y, Riet F, Zanni G, Herault Y, Bienvenu T, Giustetto M, Billuart P. Fasudil treatment in adult reverses behavioural changes and brain ventricular enlargement in Oligophrenin-1 mouse model of intellectual disability. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2314-2323. [PMID: 27146843 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in human Oligophrenin1 (OPHN1) gene are responsible for syndromic intellectual disability (ID) associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and cerebral ventricles enlargement. Functional studies in rodent models suggest that OPHN1 linked ID is a consequence of abnormal synaptic transmission and shares common pathophysiological mechanisms with other cognitive disorders. Variants of this gene have been also identified in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. The advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying OPHN1-related ID, allowed us to develop a therapeutic approach targeting the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RHOA) signalling pathway and repurpose Fasudil- a well-tolerated Rho Kinase (ROCK) and Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitor- as a treatment of ID. We have previously shown ex-vivo its beneficial effect on synaptic transmission and plasticity in a mouse model of the OPHN1 loss of function. Here, we report that chronic treatment in adult mouse with Fasudil, is able to counteract vertical and horizontal hyperactivities, restores recognition memory and limits the brain ventricular dilatation observed in Ophn1-/y However, deficits in working and spatial memories are partially or not rescued by the treatment. These results highlight the potential of Fasudil treatment in synaptopathies and also the need for multiple therapeutic approaches especially in adult where brain plasticity is reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Meziane
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Malik Khelfaoui
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France Institut interdisciplinaire de neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33077, France
| | - Noemi Morello
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience « Rita Levi Montalcini », National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Bassem Hiba
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eleonora Calcagno
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience « Rita Levi Montalcini », National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | | | - Mohammed Selloum
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Institut interdisciplinaire de neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33077, France
| | - Fabrice Riet
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Yann Herault
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; GIE CERBM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, University of Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience « Rita Levi Montalcini », National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75014, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Control of Dendritic Spine Morphological and Functional Plasticity by Small GTPases. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3025948. [PMID: 26989514 PMCID: PMC4775798 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3025948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural plasticity of excitatory synapses is a vital component of neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and behaviour. Abnormal development or regulation of excitatory synapses has also been strongly implicated in many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the mammalian forebrain, the majority of excitatory synapses are located on dendritic spines, specialized dendritic protrusions that are enriched in actin. Research over recent years has begun to unravel the complexities involved in the regulation of dendritic spine structure. The small GTPase family of proteins have emerged as key regulators of structural plasticity, linking extracellular signals with the modulation of dendritic spines, which potentially underlies their ability to influence cognition. Here we review a number of studies that examine how small GTPases are activated and regulated in neurons and furthermore how they can impact actin dynamics, and thus dendritic spine morphology. Elucidating this signalling process is critical for furthering our understanding of the basic mechanisms by which information is encoded in neural circuits but may also provide insight into novel targets for the development of effective therapies to treat cognitive dysfunction seen in a range of neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ba W, Selten MM, van der Raadt J, van Veen H, Li LL, Benevento M, Oudakker AR, Lasabuda RSE, Letteboer SJ, Roepman R, van Wezel RJA, Courtney MJ, van Bokhoven H, Nadif Kasri N. ARHGAP12 Functions as a Developmental Brake on Excitatory Synapse Function. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1355-1368. [PMID: 26854232 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that promote excitatory synapse development have been extensively studied. However, the molecular events preventing precocious excitatory synapse development so that synapses form at the correct time and place are less well understood. Here, we report the functional characterization of ARHGAP12, a previously uncharacterized Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) in the brain. ARHGAP12 is specifically expressed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where it localizes to the postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses. ARHGAP12 negatively controls spine size via its RhoGAP activity and promotes, by interacting with CIP4, postsynaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis. Arhgap12 knockdown results in precocious maturation of excitatory synapses, as indicated by a reduction in the proportion of silent synapses. Collectively, our data show that ARHGAP12 is a synaptic RhoGAP that regulates excitatory synaptic structure and function during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ba
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M M Selten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J van der Raadt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - H van Veen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 30508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L-L Li
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - M Benevento
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A R Oudakker
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R S E Lasabuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S J Letteboer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R J A van Wezel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Biomedical Signal and Systems, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - M J Courtney
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Abo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - H van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu H, Haas SA, Chelly J, Van Esch H, Raynaud M, de Brouwer APM, Weinert S, Froyen G, Frints SGM, Laumonnier F, Zemojtel T, Love MI, Richard H, Emde AK, Bienek M, Jensen C, Hambrock M, Fischer U, Langnick C, Feldkamp M, Wissink-Lindhout W, Lebrun N, Castelnau L, Rucci J, Montjean R, Dorseuil O, Billuart P, Stuhlmann T, Shaw M, Corbett MA, Gardner A, Willis-Owen S, Tan C, Friend KL, Belet S, van Roozendaal KEP, Jimenez-Pocquet M, Moizard MP, Ronce N, Sun R, O'Keeffe S, Chenna R, van Bömmel A, Göke J, Hackett A, Field M, Christie L, Boyle J, Haan E, Nelson J, Turner G, Baynam G, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Müller U, Steinberger D, Budny B, Badura-Stronka M, Latos-Bieleńska A, Ousager LB, Wieacker P, Rodríguez Criado G, Bondeson ML, Annerén G, Dufke A, Cohen M, Van Maldergem L, Vincent-Delorme C, Echenne B, Simon-Bouy B, Kleefstra T, Willemsen M, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Ullmann R, Vingron M, Wrogemann K, Wienker TF, Tzschach A, van Bokhoven H, Gecz J, Jentsch TJ, Chen W, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM. X-exome sequencing of 405 unresolved families identifies seven novel intellectual disability genes. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:133-48. [PMID: 25644381 PMCID: PMC5414091 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. During the past two decades in excess of 100 X-chromosome ID genes have been identified. Yet, a large number of families mapping to the X-chromosome remained unresolved suggesting that more XLID genes or loci are yet to be identified. Here, we have investigated 405 unresolved families with XLID. We employed massively parallel sequencing of all X-chromosome exons in the index males. The majority of these males were previously tested negative for copy number variations and for mutations in a subset of known XLID genes by Sanger sequencing. In total, 745 X-chromosomal genes were screened. After stringent filtering, a total of 1297 non-recurrent exonic variants remained for prioritization. Co-segregation analysis of potential clinically relevant changes revealed that 80 families (20%) carried pathogenic variants in established XLID genes. In 19 families, we detected likely causative protein truncating and missense variants in 7 novel and validated XLID genes (CLCN4, CNKSR2, FRMPD4, KLHL15, LAS1L, RLIM and USP27X) and potentially deleterious variants in 2 novel candidate XLID genes (CDK16 and TAF1). We show that the CLCN4 and CNKSR2 variants impair protein functions as indicated by electrophysiological studies and altered differentiation of cultured primary neurons from Clcn4(-/-) mice or after mRNA knock-down. The newly identified and candidate XLID proteins belong to pathways and networks with established roles in cognitive function and intellectual disability in particular. We suggest that systematic sequencing of all X-chromosomal genes in a cohort of patients with genetic evidence for X-chromosome locus involvement may resolve up to 58% of Fragile X-negative cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S A Haas
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Chelly
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - H Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Raynaud
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - A P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Weinert
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Froyen
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium,Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S G M Frints
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Laumonnier
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - T Zemojtel
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M I Love
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Richard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A-K Emde
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Bienek
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Jensen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hambrock
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Fischer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Langnick
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Feldkamp
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Wissink-Lindhout
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Lebrun
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - L Castelnau
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - J Rucci
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - R Montjean
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - O Dorseuil
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P Billuart
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - T Stuhlmann
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Shaw
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M A Corbett
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Gardner
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Willis-Owen
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Tan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K L Friend
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Belet
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium,Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K E P van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jimenez-Pocquet
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - M-P Moizard
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - N Ronce
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - R Sun
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S O'Keeffe
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Chenna
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A van Bömmel
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Göke
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Hackett
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - M Field
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - L Christie
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - J Boyle
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - E Haan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Nelson
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G Turner
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - G Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - U Müller
- Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - D Steinberger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - B Budny
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Ponzan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Badura-Stronka
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Latos-Bieleńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L B Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Wieacker
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - M-L Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Dufke
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte Genomik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Cohen
- Kinderzentrum München, München, Germany
| | - L Van Maldergem
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - C Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre CHRU de Lilles, Lille, France
| | - B Echenne
- Service de Neuro-Pédiatrie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Simon-Bouy
- Laboratoire SESEP, Centre hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - T Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J-P Fryns
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Ullmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Wrogemann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T F Wienker
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Tzschach
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - H van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Gecz
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - T J Jentsch
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H-H Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, Berlin 14195, Germany. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ba W, Yan Y, Reijnders MRF, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JHM, Feenstra I, Bongers EMHF, Bosch DGM, De Leeuw N, Pfundt R, Gilissen C, De Vries PF, Veltman JA, Hoischen A, Mefford HC, Eichler EE, Vissers LELM, Nadif Kasri N, De Vries BBA. TRIO loss of function is associated with mild intellectual disability and affects dendritic branching and synapse function. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:892-902. [PMID: 26721934 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we marked TRIO for the first time as a candidate gene for intellectual disability (ID). Across diverse vertebrate species, TRIO is a well-conserved Rho GTPase regulator that is highly expressed in the developing brain. However, little is known about the specific events regulated by TRIO during brain development and its clinical impact in humans when mutated. Routine clinical diagnostic testing identified an intragenic de novo deletion of TRIO in a boy with ID. Targeted sequencing of this gene in over 2300 individuals with ID, identified three additional truncating mutations. All index cases had mild to borderline ID combined with behavioral problems consisting of autistic, hyperactive and/or aggressive behavior. Studies in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons demonstrated the enhancement of dendritic formation by suppressing endogenous TRIO, and similarly decreasing endogenous TRIO in organotypic hippocampal brain slices significantly increased synaptic strength by increasing functional synapses. Together, our findings provide new mechanistic insight into how genetic deficits in TRIO can lead to early neuronal network formation by directly affecting both neurite outgrowth and synapse development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ba
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, UCONN Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniëlle G M Bosch
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired, Zeist, The Netherlands and
| | | | | | | | | | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | - Bert B A De Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|