1
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Steiner BM, Benvie AM, Lee D, Jiang Y, Berry DC. Cxcr4 regulates a pool of adipocyte progenitors and contributes to adiposity in a sex-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6622. [PMID: 39103342 PMCID: PMC11300861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids modulate the distribution of mammalian white adipose tissues. Moreover, WAT remodeling requires adipocyte progenitor cells. Nevertheless, the sex-dependent mechanisms regulating adipocyte progenitors remain undetermined. Here, we uncover Cxcr4 acting in a sexually dimorphic manner to affect a pool of proliferating cells leading to restriction of female fat mass. We find that deletion of Cxcr4 in Pparγ-expressing cells results in female, not male, lipodystrophy, which cannot be restored by high-fat diet consumption. Additionally, Cxcr4 deletion is associated with a loss of a pool of proliferating adipocyte progenitors. Cxcr4 loss is accompanied by the upregulation of estrogen receptor alpha in adipose-derived PPARγ-labelled cells related to estradiol hypersensitivity and stalled adipogenesis. Estrogen removal or administration of antiestrogens restores WAT accumulation and dynamics of adipose-derived cells in Cxcr4-deficient mice. These findings implicate Cxcr4 as a female adipogenic rheostat, which may inform strategies to target female adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Steiner
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Abigail M Benvie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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2
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Velez-delValle C, Hernandez-Mosqueira CP, Castro-Rodriguez LI, Vazquez-Sandoval A, Marsch-Moreno M, Kuri-Harcuch W. Gene expression and characterization of clonally derived murine embryonic brown and brite adipocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38972757 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes store energy, while brown and brite adipocytes release heat via nonshivering thermogenesis. In this study, we characterized two murine embryonic clonal preadipocyte lines, EB5 and EB7, each displaying unique gene marker expression profiles. EB5 cells differentiate into brown adipocytes, whereas EB7 cells into brite (also known as beige) adipocytes. To draw a comprehensive comparison, we contrasted the gene expression patterns, adipogenic capacity, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of these cells to that of F442A, a well-known white preadipocyte and adipocyte model. We found that commitment to differentiation in both EB5 and EB7 cells can be induced by 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone (Mix/Dex) and staurosporine/dexamethasone (St/Dex) treatments. Additionally, the administration of rosiglitazone significantly enhances the brown and brite adipocyte phenotypes. Our data also reveal the involvement of a series of genes in the transcriptional cascade guiding adipogenesis, pinpointing GSK3β as a critical regulator for both EB5 and EB7 adipogenesis. In a developmental context, we observe that, akin to brown fat progenitors, brite fat progenitors make their appearance in murine development by 11-12 days of gestation or potentially earlier. This result contributes to our understanding of adipocyte lineage specification during embryonic development. In conclusion, EB5 and EB7 cell lines are valuable for research into adipocyte biology, providing insights into the differentiation and development of brown and beige adipocytes. Furthermore, they could be useful for the characterization of drugs targeting energy balance for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meytha Marsch-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Li L, Feldman BJ. White adipocytes in subcutaneous fat depots require KLF15 for maintenance in preclinical models. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172360. [PMID: 38949025 PMCID: PMC11213504 DOI: 10.1172/jci172360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue is essential for normal physiology. There are 2 broad types of adipose tissue depots: brown adipose tissue (BAT), which contains adipocytes poised to burn energy through thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue (WAT), which contains adipocytes that store lipids. However, within those types of adipose, adipocytes possess depot and cell-specific properties that have important implications. For example, the subcutaneous and visceral WAT confers divergent risk for metabolic disease. Further, within a depot, different adipocytes can have distinct properties; subcutaneous WAT can contain adipocytes with either white or brown-like (beige) adipocyte properties. However, the pathways that regulate and maintain this cell and depot-specificity are incompletely understood. Here, we found that the transcription factor KLF15 is required for maintaining white adipocyte properties selectively within the subcutaneous WAT. We revealed that deletion of Klf15 is sufficient to induce beige adipocyte properties and that KLF15's direct regulation of Adrb1 is a critical molecular mechanism for this process. We uncovered that this activity is cell autonomous but has systemic implications in mouse models and is conserved in primary human adipose cells. Our results elucidate a pathway for depot-specific maintenance of white adipocyte properties that could enable the development of therapies for obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian J. Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Chen L, Xu T, Lou J, Zhang T, Wu S, Xie R, Xu J. The beneficial roles and mechanisms of estrogens in immune health and infection disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109426. [PMID: 38685461 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have revealed that gender is considered one of the important factors in the frequency and severity of certain infectious diseases, in which estrogens may play a vital role. There is growing evidence that estrogens as female sex hormone can modulate multiple biological functions outside of the reproductive system, such as in brain and cardiovascular system. However, it is largely unknown about the roles and mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune health and infection disease. Thence, by reading a lot of literature, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune cells and their roles in certain infectious diseases with gender differences. Therefore, estrogens may have therapeutic potentials to prevent and treat these infectious diseases, which needs further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liupanshui People's Hospital, Liupanshui City 553000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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5
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Yu Z, Li X, Quan Y, Chen J, Liu J, Zheng N, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu W, Qiu C, Wang Y, Zheng R, Qin J. Itaconate alleviates diet-induced obesity via activation of brown adipocyte thermogenesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114142. [PMID: 38691458 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite medical advances, there remains an unmet need for better treatment of obesity. Itaconate, a product of the decarboxylation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate, plays a regulatory role in both metabolism and immunity. Here, we show that itaconate, as an endogenous compound, counteracts high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity through leptin-independent mechanisms in three mouse models. Specifically, itaconate reduces weight gain, reverses hyperlipidemia, and improves glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, itaconate enhances energy expenditure and the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Unbiased proteomic analysis reveals that itaconate upregulates key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation and represses the expression of lipogenic genes. Itaconate may provoke a major metabolic reprogramming by inducing fatty acid oxidation and suppression of fatty acid synthesis in BAT. These findings highlight itaconate as a potential activator of BAT-mediated thermogenesis and a promising candidate for anti-obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanni Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nairen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
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6
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Kesharwani D, Brown AC. Navigating the Adipocyte Precursor Niche: Cell-Cell Interactions, Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for Adipose Tissue Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2024; 5:65-86. [PMID: 38826152 PMCID: PMC11141760 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.5.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Support for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation hinges upon the intricate microenvironment termed the stem cell 'niche'. Within the adipose tissue stem cell niche, diverse cell types, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, mural cells, and adipocytes, intricately regulate the function of adipocyte precursors. These interactions, whether direct or indirect, play a pivotal role in governing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of adipocyte precursors into adipocytes. The mechanisms orchestrating the maintenance and coordination of this niche are still in the early stages of comprehension, despite their crucial role in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis. The complexity of understanding adipocyte precursor renewal and differentiation is amplified due to the challenges posed by the absence of suitable surface receptors for identification, limitations in creating optimal ex vivo culture conditions for expansion and constraints in conducting in vivo studies. This review delves into the current landscape of knowledge surrounding adipocyte precursors within the adipose stem cell niche. We will review the identification of adipocyte precursors, the cell-cell interactions they engage in, the factors influencing their renewal and commitment toward adipocytes and the transformations they undergo during instances of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kesharwani
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Aaron C. Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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7
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Lai HC, Chen PH, Tang CH, Chen LW. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Stimulation Induces Adipogenesis-Related Gene Expression of Adipose Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16101. [PMID: 38003291 PMCID: PMC10671339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis has emerged as a new therapeutic target for regulating metabolism and achieving anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects via the release of adiponectin. However, at present, the effects and mechanism of action of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) stimulation on adiponectin production and adipogenesis have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of DPP4 stimulation with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) expression in adipose tissue and blood adiponectin levels. Stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) purified from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and inguinal adipose tissue of obese and diabetic (Leprdb/db) mice were treated with 50 ng of MCP-1 and plasma from control (Lepr+/+) mice supplemented with 10 ng or 50 ng of MCP-1. Treatment of SVFs from human subcutaneous adipose tissues with 50 ng of MCP-1 significantly increased AdipoQ, DPP4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP4), and SERBF1 mRNA expression. MCP-1-supplemented plasma increased adiponectin, CCAAT-Enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), DPP4, IL-33, and PDGFRα mRNA expression and adiponectin and DPP4 protein expression, while decreasing the expression of IL-10 mRNA in SVFs compared with the levels in the plasma treatment group. MCP-1-supplemented plasma was shown to increase PPARγ, PPARγ2, adiponectin, DPP4, and FABP4 and decrease IL-10 mRNA expression in PDGFRα cells from adipose tissue. Meanwhile, MCP-1-supplemented plasma increased MCP-1, PDGFRα, TNFα, adiponectin, and IL-1β and decreased IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNA expression in DPP4 cells. Moreover, the injection of MCP-1-supplemented plasma into adipose tissue increased the proportion of DPP4+ cells among PDGFRα+ cells from adipose tissue and plasma adiponectin levels of Leprdb/db mice compared with the levels in the plasma injection group. Our results demonstrate that DPP4+ cells are important adipose progenitor cells. Stimulation of DPP4 with MCP-1 increases adipogenesis-related gene expression and the population of DPP4+ cells among PDGFRα+ cells in SVFs and blood adiponectin levels. DPP4 stimulation could be a novel therapy to increase local adipogenesis and systemic adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Tang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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8
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Liu J, Che Y, Cai K, Zhao B, Qiao L, Pan Y, Yang K, Liu W. miR-136 Regulates the Proliferation and Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fractions by Targeting HSD17B12. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14892. [PMID: 37834341 PMCID: PMC10573499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition involves the continuous differentiation of adipocytes and lipid accumulation. Studies have shown that microRNA miR-136 and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) play important roles in lipid accumulation. However, the regulatory mechanism through which miR-136 targets HSD17B12 during ovine adipogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-136 and HSD17B12 in adipogenesis and their relationship in ovine adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs). The target relationship between miR-136 and HSD17B12 was predicted and confirmed using bioinformatics and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that miR-136 promoted proliferation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs. We also found that HSD17B12 inhibited proliferation and promoted adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-136 facilitates proliferation and attenuates adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs by targeting HSD17B12. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of lipid deposition in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Breeding of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yutong Che
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ke Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Bishi Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liying Qiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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9
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z. OVOL2: an epithelial lineage determiner with emerging roles in energy homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:824-833. [PMID: 37336658 PMCID: PMC10524639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovo like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2) is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryogenesis. OVOL2 binds to DNA using zinc-finger domains to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is critical for tumor metastasis. However, recent studies have suggested some noncanonical roles of OVOL2 that do not rely on the DNA binding of zinc-finger domains or regulation of EMT. OVOL2 and EMT regulators have emerging roles in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism. Here, we review different roles of OVOL2 from embryo development to adult tissue homeostasis, and discuss how OVOL2 and other EMT regulators orchestrate a regulatory network to control energy homeostasis. Last, we propose potential applications of targeting OVOL2 to reduce human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiao Jiang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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10
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Bardhi O, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. The evolutionary impact and influence of oestrogens on adipose tissue structure and function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220207. [PMID: 37482787 PMCID: PMC10363706 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestrogens are sex steroid hormones that have gained prominence over the years owing to their crucial roles in human health and reproduction functions which have been preserved throughout evolution. One of oestrogens actions, and the focus of this review, is their ability to determine adipose tissue distribution, function and adipose tissue 'health'. Body fat distribution is sexually dimorphic, affecting males and females differently. These differences are also apparent in the development of the metabolic syndrome and other chronic conditions where oestrogens are critical. In this review, we summarize the different molecular mechanisms, pathways and resulting pathophysiology which are a result of oestrogens actions in and on adipose tissues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgert Bardhi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Biff F. Palmer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Deborah J. Clegg
- Vice President for Research, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 75390, USA
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11
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Abstract
Adipose tissue exhibits a remarkable capacity to expand, contract, and remodel in response to changes in physiological and environmental conditions. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how functionally distinct tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations orchestrate several aspects of physiological and pathophysiological adipose tissue remodeling, with a particular focus on the adaptations that occur in response to changes in energy surplus and environmental temperature. The study of adipose tissue remodeling provides a vehicle to understand the functional diversity of stromal cells and offers a lens through which several generalizable aspects of tissue reorganization can be readily observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cannavino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
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12
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Fernández-Santos B, Reyes-Corral M, Caro-Vega JM, Lao-Pérez M, Vallejo-Grijalba C, Mesa-Cruz C, Morón FJ, Ybot-González P. The loop-tail mouse model displays open and closed caudal neural tube defects. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050175. [PMID: 37589570 PMCID: PMC10481946 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common cause of congenital malformations and are often studied in animal models. Loop-tail (Lp) mice carry a mutation in the Vangl2 gene, a member of the Wnt-planar cell polarity pathway. In Vangl2+/Lp embryos, the mutation induces a failure in the completion of caudal neural tube closure, but only a small percentage of embryos develop open spina bifida. Here, we show that the majority of Vangl2+/Lp embryos developed caudal closed NTDs and presented cellular aggregates that may facilitate the sealing of these defects. The cellular aggregates expressed neural crest cell markers and, using these as a readout, we describe a systematic method to assess the severity of the neural tube dorsal fusion failure. We observed that this defect worsened in combination with other NTD mutants, Daam1 and Grhl3. Besides, we found that in Vangl2+/Lp embryos, these NTDs were resistant to maternal folic acid and inositol supplementation. Loop-tail mice provide a useful model for research on the molecular interactions involved in the development of open and closed NTDs and for the design of prevention strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Santos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Reyes-Corral
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Caro-Vega
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Lao-Pérez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Claudia Vallejo-Grijalba
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Mesa-Cruz
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Morón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
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13
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Munkhzul C, Lee JM, Kim B, Nguyen TTM, Ginting RP, Jeong D, Kim YK, Lee MW, Lee M. H19X-encoded microRNAs induced by IL-4 in adipocyte precursors regulate proliferation to facilitate differentiation. Biol Direct 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37322541 PMCID: PMC10273709 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an organ critical for systemic energy homeostasis, is influenced by type 2 immunity in its development and function. The type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 induces the proliferation of bipotential adipocyte precursors (APs) in white fat tissue and primes these cells for differentiation into beige adipocytes, which are specialized for thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively examined. Here, we identified six microRNA (miRNA) genes upregulated upon IL-4 stimulation in APs, miR-322, miR-503, miR-351, miR-542, miR-450a, and miR-450b; these are encoded in the H19X locus of the genome. Their expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor Klf4, whose expression also increases upon IL-4 stimulation. These miRNAs shared a large set of target genes, of which 381 genes were downregulated in mRNA expression upon IL-4 stimulation and enriched in Wnt signaling pathways. Two genes with downregulated expression, Ccnd1 and Fzd6, were repressed by H19X-encoded miRNAs. Additionally, the Wnt signaling activator LiCl downregulated the expression of this group of miRNAs in APs, indicating that Wnt signaling-related genes and these miRNAs form a double-negative feedback regulatory loop. This miRNA/Wnt feedback regulation modulated the elevated proliferation of APs induced by IL-4 stimulation and contributed to priming them for beige adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the aberrant expression of these miRNAs attenuates the differentiation of APs into beige adipocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that H19X-encoded miRNAs facilitate the transition of APs from proliferation to differentiation in the IL-4-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choijamts Munkhzul
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Boseon Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Thi Thanh My Nguyen
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Rehna Paula Ginting
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
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14
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Chen M, Kim S, Li L, Chattopadhyay S, Rando TA, Feldman BJ. Identification of an adipose tissue-resident pro-preadipocyte population. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112440. [PMID: 37119138 PMCID: PMC10370484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the transitional stages that define the pathway stem cells progress through during differentiation advances our understanding of biology and fosters the identification of therapeutic opportunities. However, distinguishing progenitor cells from other cell types and placing them in an epistatic pathway is challenging. This is exemplified in the adipocyte lineage, where the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue is enriched for progenitor cells but also contains heterogeneous populations of cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has begun to facilitate the deconvolution of cell types in the SVF, and a hierarchical structure is emerging. Here, we use scRNA-seq to discover a population of CD31- CD45- cells in the SVF that are distinguished by a specific expression profile. Further, we place this population on an epistatic pathway upstream of the previously defined preadipocyte population. Finally, we discover functional properties of this population with broad implications, including revealing physiological mechanisms that regulate adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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15
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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16
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He T, Wang S, Li S, Shen H, Hou L, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xie F, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Mo C, Guo H, Huang Q, Zhang R, Shen D, Li B. Suppression of preadipocyte determination by SOX4 limits white adipocyte hyperplasia in obesity. iScience 2023; 26:106289. [PMID: 36968079 PMCID: PMC10030912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Preadipocyte determination expanding the pool of preadipocytes is a vital process in adipocyte hyperplasia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be elucidated. Herein, SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) was identified as a critical target in response to BMP4- and TGFβ-regulated preadipocyte determination. SOX4 deficiency is sufficient to promote preadipocyte determination in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and acquisition of preadipocyte properties in nonadipogenic lineages, while its overexpression impairs the adipogenic capacity of preadipocytes and converts them into nonadipogenic lineages. Mechanism studies indicated that SOX4 activates and cooperates with LEF1 to retain the nuclear localization of β-catenin, thus mediating the crosstalk between TGFβ/BMP4 signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway to regulate the preadipocyte determination. In vivo studies demonstrated that SOX4 promotes the adipogenic-nonadipogenic conversion and suppresses the adipocyte hyperplasia. Together, our findings highlight the importance of SOX4 in regulating the adipocyte hyperplasia in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Huanming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Lingfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Yixin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Fuan Xie
- Xiamen University Research Center of Retroperitoneal, Tumor Committee of Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Zehang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Chunli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Dongyan Shen
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Boan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
- Corresponding author
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17
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Knocking Down CDKN2A in 3D hiPSC-Derived Brown Adipose Progenitors Potentiates Differentiation, Oxidative Metabolism and Browning Process. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060870. [PMID: 36980212 PMCID: PMC10047013 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to be differentiated into any cell type, making them a relevant tool for therapeutic purposes such as cell-based therapies. In particular, they show great promise for obesity treatment as they represent an unlimited source of brown/beige adipose progenitors (hiPSC-BAPs). However, the low brown/beige adipocyte differentiation potential in 2D cultures represents a strong limitation for clinical use. In adipose tissue, besides its cell cycle regulator functions, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) locus modulates the commitment of stem cells to the brown-like type fate, mature adipocyte energy metabolism and the browning of adipose tissue. Here, using a new method of hiPSC-BAPs 3D culture, via the formation of an organoid-like structure, we silenced CDKN2A expression during hiPSC-BAP adipogenic differentiation and observed that knocking down CDKN2A potentiates adipogenesis, oxidative metabolism and the browning process, resulting in brown-like adipocytes by promoting UCP1 expression and beiging markers. Our results suggest that modulating CDKN2A levels could be relevant for hiPSC-BAPs cell-based therapies.
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18
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Bomkamp C, Musgrove L, Marques DMC, Fernando GF, Ferreira FC, Specht EA. Differentiation and Maturation of Muscle and Fat Cells in Cultivated Seafood: Lessons from Developmental Biology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:1-29. [PMID: 36374393 PMCID: PMC9931865 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat, also known as cultured or cell-based meat, is meat produced directly from cultured animal cells rather than from a whole animal. Cultivated meat and seafood have been proposed as a means of mitigating the substantial harms associated with current production methods, including damage to the environment, antibiotic resistance, food security challenges, poor animal welfare, and-in the case of seafood-overfishing and ecological damage associated with fishing and aquaculture. Because biomedical tissue engineering research, from which cultivated meat draws a great deal of inspiration, has thus far been conducted almost exclusively in mammals, cultivated seafood suffers from a lack of established protocols for producing complex tissues in vitro. At the same time, fish such as the zebrafish Danio rerio have been widely used as model organisms in developmental biology. Therefore, many of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of muscle, fat, and other relevant tissue are relatively well understood for this species. The same processes are understood to a lesser degree in aquatic invertebrates. This review discusses the differentiation and maturation of meat-relevant cell types in aquatic species and makes recommendations for future research aimed at recapitulating these processes to produce cultivated fish and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Lisa Musgrove
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland Australia
| | - Diana M. C. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo F. Fernando
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth A. Specht
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
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19
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Sun K, Li X, Scherer PE. Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4387-4407. [PMID: 36715281 PMCID: PMC9957663 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis in adipose tissue is a major driver of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation. It is characterized by an overaccumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) during unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue in response to over nutrition. In obese adipose-depots, hypoxia stimulates multiple pro-fibrotic signaling pathways in different cell populations, thereby inducing the overproduction of the ECM components, including collagens, noncollagenous proteins, and additional enzymatic components of ECM synthesis. As a consequence, local fibrosis develops. The result of fibrosis-induced mechanical stress not only triggers cell necrosis and inflammation locally in adipose tissue but also leads to system-wide lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the obesity-induced fibrosis will help design therapeutic approaches to reduce or reverse the pathological changes associated with obese adipose tissue. Here, we aim to summarize the major advances in the field, which include newly identified fibrotic factors, cell populations that contribute to the fibrosis in adipose tissue, as well as novel mechanisms underlying the development of fibrosis. We further discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to target fibrosis in adipose tissue for the treatment of obesity-linked metabolic diseases and cancer. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4387-4407, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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20
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Varshney R, Das S, Trahan GD, Farriester JW, Mullen GP, Kyere-Davies G, Presby DM, Houck JA, Webb PG, Dzieciatkowska M, Jones KL, Rodeheffer MS, Friedman JE, MacLean PS, Rudolph MC. Neonatal intake of Omega-3 fatty acids enhances lipid oxidation in adipocyte precursors. iScience 2023; 26:105750. [PMID: 36590177 PMCID: PMC9800552 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing metabolic programming begins during fetal and postnatal development, and early-life lipid exposures play a critical role during neonatal adipogenesis. We define how neonatal consumption of a low omega-6 to -3 fatty acid ratio (n6/n3 FA ratio) establishes FA oxidation in adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) before they become adipocytes. In vivo, APCs isolated from mouse pups exposed to the low n6/n3 FA ratio had superior FA oxidation capacity, elevated beige adipocyte mRNAs Ppargc1α, Ucp2, and Runx1, and increased nuclear receptor NR2F2 protein. In vitro, APC treatment with NR2F2 ligand-induced beige adipocyte mRNAs and increased mitochondrial potential but not mass. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed low n6/n3 FA ratio yielded more mitochondrial-high APCs and linked APC NR2F2 levels with beige adipocyte signatures and FA oxidation. Establishing beige adipogenesis is of clinical relevance, because fat depots with energetically active, smaller, and more numerous adipocytes improve metabolism and delay metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Varshney
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Snehasis Das
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - G. Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob W. Farriester
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gregory P. Mullen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gertrude Kyere-Davies
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David M. Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A. Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Patricia G. Webb
- Department of Reproductive Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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21
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Ernst AM, Bauer H, Bauer HC, Steiner M, Malfertheiner A, Lipp AT. Lipedema Research-Quo Vadis? J Pers Med 2022; 13:98. [PMID: 36675759 PMCID: PMC9860653 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When studying the current literature, one might get the impression that lipedema is a "modern" disease, with increasing incidence and augmenting prevalence throughout Western countries during the last decade. However, a quick look into older textbooks shows that disproportionate accumulation of fat in female bodies has long been known without being recognized as an independent disease. Nevertheless, it was not until 1940 that Allen and Hines described a "syndrome characterized by fat legs and orthostatic edema" in a seminal publication. The mere awareness that people who have lipedema are not just overweight but suffer from a yet poorly defined pathological condition, may be considered a decisive leap forward in the understanding of lipedema. A number of comprehensive publications have since dealt with the clinical presentation of lipedema and have provided the first clues towards the potential pathological mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression. Nevertheless, despite all effort that has been undertaken to unravel lipedema pathology, many questions have remained unanswered. What can be deduced with certainty from all experimental and medical evidence available so far is that lipedema is neither a cosmetic problem nor is it a problem of lifestyle but should be accepted as a serious disease with yet undetermined genetic background, which makes women's lives unbearable from both a physical and psychological point of view. To date, results from clinical inspections have led to the categorization of various types and stages of lipedema, describing how the extremities are affected and evaluating its progression, as demonstrated by skin alterations, adipose tissue volume increase and physical and everyday-behavioral impediments. There is accumulating evidence showing that advanced stages of lipedema are usually accompanied by excessive weight or obesity. Thus, it is not unreasonable to assume that the progression of lipedema is largely driven by weight gain and the pathological alterations associated with it. Similarly, secondary lymphedema is frequently found in lipedema patients at advanced stages. Needless to say, both conditions considerably blur the clinical presentation of lipedema, making diagnosis difficult and scientific research challenging. The present literature review will focus on lipedema research, based on evidence fromex vivo and in vitro data, which has accumulated throughout the last few decades. We will also open the discussion as to whether the currently used categorization of lipedema stages is still sufficient and up-to-date for the accurate description of this enigmatic disease, whose name, strangely enough, does not match its pathologic correlate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Ernst
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannelore Bauer
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marianne Steiner
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Malfertheiner
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
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22
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Effects of the Myokine Irisin on Stromal Cells from Swine Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121895. [PMID: 36551323 PMCID: PMC9775982 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone able to reproduce some of the positive effects of physical activity and diet. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of Irisin at the ovarian level as a potential physiological regulator of follicular function. Adipose tissue is crucial for reproductive function through its metabolic activity and the production of adipokines. At present, the exact nature of adipocyte precursors is still under debate, but an important role has been assigned to the population of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) of perivascular origin. It should be noted that, when appropriately stimulated, ASCs can differentiate into preadipocytes and, subsequently, adipocytes. Therefore, this present study was undertaken to explore the potential effect of Irisin on ASCs, known for their high differentiative potential. Since Irisin expression in ASCs was confirmed by PCR, we tested its potential effects on the main functional activities of these cells, including proliferation (BrdU uptake); metabolic activity (ATP production); redox status, evaluated as the generation of free molecules such as superoxide anion and nitric oxide; and scavenger activities, assessed as both enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic antioxidant power. Moreover, we tested the effect of Irisin on ASCs adipogenic differentiation. BrdU uptake was significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited by Irisin, while ATP production was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Both superoxide anion and nitric oxide generation were significantly increased (p < 0.001) by Irisin, while scavenger activity was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Irisin was found to significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit ASCs adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, the present results suggest a potential local role of Irisin in the regulation of adipose tissue function.
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Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Differ Liposarcoma Differentiation Characteristics That Can Be Altered by Pentose Phosphate Pathway Intervention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121227. [PMID: 36557266 PMCID: PMC9783184 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare and heterogeneous malignancy of adipocytic origin. Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are two of the most common subtypes, showing similar genetic characterizations but distinct biological behaviors and clinical prognosis. Compared to WDLPS, DDLPS is more aggressive and has the potential of metastasis, as the malignant adipocytic tumor's metabolic changes may have taken place during the tumorigenesis of LPSs. Therefore, to investigate the lipid alterations between the two subtypes, high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed onto LPS tissues from 6 WDLPS and 7 DDLPS patients. The lipidomic analysis showed the upregulated phosphatidylcholines and phosphoethanolamines in DDLPS, and the upregulated triglycerides and diglycerides in WDLPS, which might be due to the uncompleted adipocytic dedifferentiation leading to such tumorigenesis. Such a finding was also confirmed by the similarity comparison of two LPS subtypes to the transcriptome of stromal vascular fraction at different differentiation stages. Transcriptomic analysis also demonstrated that metabolic pathways including the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were upregulated in WDLPS compared to DDLPS. Therefore, the cell line LPS853 was treated with the PPP inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide ex vivo and the proliferation and invasion of LPS853 was significantly promoted by PPP inhibition, suggesting the potential role of PPP in the development and differentiation of LPS. In conclusion, this study described the altered lipid profiles of WDLPS and DDLPS for the first time, revealing the different differentiation stages of the two subtypes and providing a potential metabolic target for LPS treatment.
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24
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Hoang AC, Sasi-Szabó L, Pál T, Szabó T, Diedrich V, Herwig A, Landgraf K, Körner A, Röszer T. Mitochondrial RNA stimulates beige adipocyte development in young mice. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1684-1696. [PMID: 36443525 PMCID: PMC9771821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious public health crisis and a critical factor that determines future obesity prevalence. Signals affecting adipocyte development in early postnatal life have a strong potential to trigger childhood obesity; however, these signals are still poorly understood. We show here that mitochondrial (mt)RNA efflux stimulates transcription of nuclear-encoded genes for mitobiogenesis and thermogenesis in adipocytes of young mice and human infants. While cytosolic mtRNA is a potential trigger of the interferon (IFN) response, young adipocytes lack such a response to cytosolic mtRNA due to the suppression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)7 expression by vitamin D receptor signalling. Adult and obese adipocytes, however, strongly express IRF7 and mount an IFN response to cytosolic mtRNA. In turn, suppressing IRF7 expression in adult adipocytes restores mtRNA-induced mitobiogenesis and thermogenesis and eventually mitigates obesity. Retrograde mitochondrion-to-nucleus signalling by mtRNA is thus a mechanism to evoke thermogenic potential during early adipocyte development and to protect against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Annika Herwig
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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25
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Liu H, Li P, Zhang S, Xiang J, Yang R, Liu J, Shafiquzzaman M, Biswas S, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Yin F, Xie Y, Goff SP, Chen L, Li B. Prrx1 marks stem cells for bone, white adipose tissue and dermis in adult mice. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1946-1958. [PMID: 36456880 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Specialized connective tissues, including bone and adipose tissues, control various physiological activities, including mineral and energy homeostasis. However, the identity of stem cells maintaining these tissues throughout adulthood remains elusive. By conducting genetic lineage tracing and cell depletion experiments in newly generated knock-in Cre/CreERT2 lines, we show here that rare Prrx1-expressing cells act as stem cells for bone, white adipose tissue and dermis in adult mice, which are indispensable for the homeostasis and repair of these tissues. Single-cell profiling reveals the cycling and multipotent nature of Prrx1-expressing cells and the stemness of these cells is further validated by transplantation assays. Moreover, we identify the cell surface markers for Prrx1-expressing stem cells and show that the activities of these stem cells are regulated by Wnt signaling. These findings expand our knowledge of connective tissue homeostasis/regeneration and may help improve stem-cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnan Xiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruichen Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Md Shafiquzzaman
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Soma Biswas
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanying Wei
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department Of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Department Of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Wang G, Song A, Bae M, Wang QA. Adipose Tissue Plasticity in Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4119-4132. [PMID: 36214190 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a dynamic endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores lipids and plays a critical role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. A large group of the population over 65 years old suffer from increased WAT mass, especially in the visceral location. Visceral adiposity accelerates aging through promoting age-associated chronic conditions, significantly shortening life expectancy. Unlike WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as an effective energy sink that burns and disposes of excess lipids and glucose upon activation of thermogenesis. Unfortunately, the thermogenic activity of BAT declines during aging. New appreciation of cellular and functional remodeling of WAT and BAT during aging has emerged in recent years. Efforts are underway to explore the potential underlying mechanisms behind these age-associated alterations in WAT and BAT and the impact of these alterations on whole-body metabolism. Lastly, it is intriguing to translate our knowledge obtained from animal models to the clinic to prevent and treat age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 4119-4132, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marie Bae
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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27
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Yao J, Ma F, Zhang L, Zhu C, Jumabay M, Yao Z, Wang L, Cai X, Zhang D, Qiao X, Shivkumar K, Pellegrini M, Yao Y, Wu X, Boström KI. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Identifies Dynamic Cardiac Transition Program from Adipose Derived Cells Induced by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. Stem Cells 2022; 40:932-948. [PMID: 35896368 PMCID: PMC9585902 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived cells (ADCs) from white adipose tissue (WAT) are promising stem cell candidates because of their large regenerative reserves and the potential for cardiac regeneration. However, given the heterogeneity of ADC and its unsolved mechanisms of cardiac acquisition, ADC-cardiac transition efficiency remains low. In this study, we explored the heterogeneity of ADCs and the cellular kinetics of 39,432 single-cell transcriptomes along the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induced ADC-cardiac transition. We identified distinct ADC subpopulations that reacted differentially to LIF when entering the cardiomyogenic program, further demonstrating that ADC-myogenesis is time-dependent and initiates from transient changes in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. At later stages, pseudotime analysis of ADCs navigated a trajectory with two branches corresponding to activated myofibroblast or cardiomyocyte-like cells. Our findings offer a high-resolution dissection of ADC heterogeneity and cell fate during ADC-cardiac transition, thus providing new insights into potential cardiac stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 401338, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Ching Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Medet Jumabay
- Division of Allergy, Immunology Center for Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation Pediatrics, Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Zehao Yao
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lumin Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | | | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Dept of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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28
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Lecoutre S, Lambert M, Drygalski K, Dugail I, Maqdasy S, Hautefeuille M, Clément K. Importance of the Microenvironment and Mechanosensing in Adipose Tissue Biology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152310. [PMID: 35954152 PMCID: PMC9367348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of adipose tissue is an adaptive mechanism that increases nutrient buffering capacity in response to an overall positive energy balance. Over the course of expansion, the adipose microenvironment undergoes continual remodeling to maintain its structural and functional integrity. However, in the long run, adipose tissue remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cells infiltration, fibrosis and changes in vascular architecture, generates mechanical stress on adipose cells. This mechanical stimulus is then transduced into a biochemical signal that alters adipose function through mechanotransduction. In this review, we describe the physical changes occurring during adipose tissue remodeling, and how they regulate adipose cell physiology and promote obesity-associated dysfunction in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, F-93000 Bobigny, France;
| | - Krzysztof Drygalski
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet Hospital, C2-94, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mathieu Hautefeuille
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (UMR 7622), IBPS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Group (Nutri-Omics), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.L.); (K.D.); (I.D.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
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29
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Dias-Rocha CP, Almeida MM, Woyames J, Mendonça R, Andrade CBV, Pazos-Moura CC, Trevenzoli IH. Maternal high-fat diet alters thermogenic markers but not muscle or brown adipose cannabinoid receptors in adult rats. Life Sci 2022; 306:120831. [PMID: 35882274 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The endocannabinoid system (ECS) increases food intake, appetite for fat and lipogenesis, while decreases energy expenditure (thermogenesis), contributing to metabolic dysfunctions. We demonstrated that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) alters cannabinoid signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of neonate and weanling male rat offspring, which have increased adiposity but also higher energy expenditure in adulthood. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the ECS expression in thermogenic tissues as BAT and skeletal muscle of adult rats programmed by maternal HFD. We hypothesized that maternal HFD would modulate ECS and energy metabolism markers in BAT and skeletal muscle of adult male offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats received standard diet (9.4 % of calories as fat) or isocaloric HFD (28.9 % of calories as fat) for 8 weeks premating and throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned on standard diet and euthanatized in adulthood. KEY FINDINGS Maternal HFD increased body weight, adiposity, glycemia, leptinemia while decreased testosterone levels in adult offspring. Maternal HFD did not change cannabinoid receptors in BAT or skeletal muscle as hypothesized but increased the content of uncoupling protein and tyrosine hydroxylase (thermogenic markers) in parallel to changes in mitochondrial morphology in skeletal muscle of adult offspring. SIGNIFICANCE In metabolic programming models, the ECS modulation in the BAT and skeletal muscle may be more important early in life to adapt energy metabolism during maternal dietary insult, and other mechanisms are possibly involved in muscle metabolism long-term regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla P Dias-Rocha
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Almeida
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Woyames
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mendonça
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V Andrade
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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30
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Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071754. [PMID: 35885059 PMCID: PMC9313312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special type of ectopic fat depot that adheres to most vasculatures. PVAT has been shown to exert anticontractile effects on the blood vessels and confers protective effects against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. PVAT plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis via secreting adipokine, hormones, and growth factors. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; also known as NOS3 or NOSIII) is well-known for its role in the generation of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO). eNOS is primarily expressed, but not exclusively, in endothelial cells, while recent studies have identified its expression in both adipocytes and endothelial cells of PVAT. PVAT eNOS is an important player in the protective role of PVAT. Different studies have demonstrated that, under obesity-linked metabolic diseases, PVAT eNOS may be even more important than endothelium eNOS in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction, which may be attributed to certain PVAT eNOS-specific functions. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of eNOS expression in PVAT, its function under both physiological and pathological conditions and listed out a few pharmacological interventions of interest that target eNOS in PVAT.
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31
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Liu J, Liang Y, Qiao L, Xia D, Pan Y, Liu W. MiR-128-1-5p regulates differentiation of ovine stromal vascular fraction by targeting the KLF11 5'-UTR. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 80:106711. [PMID: 35338828 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fat content is an important index to evaluate the individual performance of livestock animals such as sheep for meat production purposes. Reducing the subcutaneous and visceral fat while increasing the intramuscular fat is a valuable goal to achieve for the meat production industry. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-128-1-5p on adipogenesis of subcutaneous fat by targeting 5'-UTR in KLF11, a rare mechanism where most miRNAs bind the 3'-UTR of mRNAs. A dual fluorescence reporter assay was conducted to validate the binding sites of miR-128-1-5p on 5'-UTR of KLF11 mRNA. Roles of miR-128-1-5p in KLF11 expression were measured through co-transfecting miRNA mimics with KLF11-expressing vectors (CDSs together with or without the 5'-UTR) into ovine stromal vascular fractions (SVF). Additionally, functional roles of miR-128-1-5p, and KLF11 in adipogenesis of ovine subcutaneous fat were investigated. Results showed that miR-128-1-5p targeted KLF11 5'-UTR, reduced the fluorescence activity of the dual fluorescent reporter vector, as well as KLF11 mRNA, and protein expression levels. During the differentiation of SVF, disturbing the expression of miR-128-1-5p and KLF11 changed the adipogenic differentiation of SVF as observed in the lipid formation, and adipogenic marker genes. This study indicates that miR-128-1-5p promotes the expression of lipogenic marker genes and the formation of lipid droplets by targeting KLF11 5'-UTR. Furthermore, overexpression, and inhibition of KLF11 indicate that KLF11 inhibited SVF differentiation. In summary, the 5'-UTR binding mechanism discovered in this study extends the understanding of miRNA functions. Key roles of miR-128-1-5p and KLF11 in the adipogenesis of sheep subcutaneous fat have potential values for improving the meat and/or fat ratio of domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Liying Qiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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32
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Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes brown fat hyperplasia via thyroid hormone receptor α mediated adipocyte progenitor cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3394. [PMID: 35697700 PMCID: PMC9192766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH)-controlled recruitment process of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is not fully understood. Here, we show that long-term treatment of T3, the active form of TH, increases the recruitment of thermogenic capacity in interscapular BAT of male mice through hyperplasia by promoting the TH receptor α-mediated adipocyte progenitor cell proliferation. Our single-cell analysis reveals the heterogeneous nature and hierarchical trajectory within adipocyte progenitor cells of interscapular BAT. Further analyses suggest that T3 facilitates cell state transition from a more stem-like state towards a more committed adipogenic state and promotes cell cycle progression towards a mitotic state in adipocyte progenitor cells, through mechanisms involving the action of Myc on glycolysis. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying the TH action in adipocyte progenitors residing in BAT and provide a framework for better understanding of the TH effects on hyperplastic growth and adaptive thermogenesis in BAT depot at a single-cell level. Thyroid hormone (TH) action regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors report that T3, the active form of TH, increases thermogenic capacity via thyroid hormone receptor α-mediated hyperplasia of brown adipose tissue adipocyte progenitor cells.
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33
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Steiner BM, Berry DC. The Regulation of Adipose Tissue Health by Estrogens. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:889923. [PMID: 35721736 PMCID: PMC9204494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.889923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its' associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders are significant health problems confronting many countries. A major driver for developing obesity and metabolic dysfunction is the uncontrolled expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). Specifically, the pathophysiological expansion of visceral WAT is often associated with metabolic dysfunction due to changes in adipokine secretion profiles, reduced vascularization, increased fibrosis, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory immune cells. A critical determinate of body fat distribution and WAT health is the sex steroid estrogen. The bioavailability of estrogen appears to favor metabolically healthy subcutaneous fat over visceral fat growth while protecting against changes in metabolic dysfunction. Our review will focus on the role of estrogen on body fat partitioning, WAT homeostasis, adipogenesis, adipocyte progenitor cell (APC) function, and thermogenesis to control WAT health and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Liu Z, Chen T, Zhang S, Yang T, Gong Y, Deng HW, Bai D, Tian W, Chen Y. Discovery and functional assessment of a novel adipocyte population driven by intracellular Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mammals. eLife 2022; 11:77740. [PMID: 35503096 PMCID: PMC9064292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been well established as a potent inhibitor of adipogenesis. Here, we identified a population of adipocytes that exhibit persistent activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as revealed by the Tcf/Lef-GFP reporter allele, in embryonic and adult mouse fat depots, named as Wnt+ adipocytes. We showed that this β-catenin-mediated signaling activation in these cells is Wnt ligand- and receptor-independent but relies on AKT/mTOR pathway and is essential for cell survival. Such adipocytes are distinct from classical ones in transcriptomic and genomic signatures and can be induced from various sources of mesenchymal stromal cells including human cells. Genetic lineage-tracing and targeted cell ablation studies revealed that these adipocytes convert into beige adipocytes directly and are also required for beige fat recruitment under thermal challenge, demonstrating both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous roles in adaptive thermogenesis. Furthermore, mice bearing targeted ablation of these adipocytes exhibited glucose intolerance, while mice receiving exogenously supplied such cells manifested enhanced glucose utilization. Our studies uncover a unique adipocyte population in regulating beiging in adipose tissues and systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianfang Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Yun Gong
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomic, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomic, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
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Scambi I, Peroni D, Nodari A, Merigo F, Benati D, Boschi F, Mannucci S, Frontini A, Visonà S, Sbarbati A, Krampera M, Galiè M. The transcriptional profile of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) mirrors the whitening of adipose tissue with age. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Regulatory mechanisms of the early phase of white adipocyte differentiation: an overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:139. [PMID: 35184223 PMCID: PMC8858922 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The adipose
organ comprises two main fat depots termed white and brown adipose tissues. Adipogenesis is a process leading to newly differentiated adipocytes starting from precursor cells, which requires the contribution of many cellular activities at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. The adipogenic program is accomplished through two sequential phases; the first includes events favoring the commitment of adipose tissue stem cells/precursors to preadipocytes, while the second involves mechanisms that allow the achievement of full adipocyte differentiation. While there is a very large literature about the mechanisms involved in terminal adipogenesis, little is known about the first stage of this process. Growing interest in this field is due to the recent identification of adipose tissue precursors, which include a heterogenous cell population within different types of adipose tissue as well as within the same fat depot. In addition, the alteration of the heterogeneity of adipose tissue stem cells and of the mechanisms involved in their commitment have been linked to adipose tissue development defects and hence to the onset/progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. For this reason, the characterization of early adipogenic events is crucial to understand the etiology and the evolution of adipogenesis-related pathologies, and to explore the adipose tissue precursors’ potential as future tools for precision medicine.
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Almeida MM, Dias-Rocha CP, Calviño C, Trevenzoli IH. Lipid endocannabinoids in energy metabolism, stress and developmental programming. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 542:111522. [PMID: 34843899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates brain development and function, energy metabolism and stress in a sex-, age- and tissue-dependent manner. The ECS comprises mainly the bioactive lipid ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-aracdonoylglycerol (2-AG), cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), and several metabolizing enzymes. The endocannabinoid tonus is increased in obesity, stimulating food intake and a preference for fat, reward, and lipid accumulation in peripheral tissues, as well as favoring a positive energy balance. Energy balance and stress responses share adaptive mechanisms regulated by the ECS that seem to underlie the complex relationship between feeding and emotional behavior. The ECS is also a key regulator of development. Environmental insults (diet, toxicants, and stress) in critical periods of developmental plasticity, such as gestation, lactation and adolescence, alter the ECS and may predispose individuals to the development of chronic diseases and behavioral changes in the long term. This review is focused on the ECS and the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macedo Almeida
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Calviño
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Chernukha I, Fedulova L, Kotenkova E. White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-1-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue.
Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body.
Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chernukha
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Elena Kotenkova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
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Acosta FM, Stojkova K, Zhang J, Garcia Huitron EI, Jiang JX, Rathbone CR, Brey EM. Engineering Functional Vascularized Beige Adipose Tissue from Microvascular Fragments of Models of Healthy and Type II Diabetes Conditions. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221109337. [PMID: 35782994 PMCID: PMC9248044 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered beige adipose tissues could be used for screening therapeutic strategies or as a direct treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Microvascular fragments are vessel structures that can be directly isolated from adipose tissue and may contain cells capable of differentiation into thermogenic, or beige, adipocytes. In this study, culture conditions were investigated to engineer three-dimensional, vascularized functional beige adipose tissue using microvascular fragments isolated from both healthy animals and a model of type II diabetes (T2D). Vascularized beige adipose tissues were engineered and exhibited increased expression of beige adipose markers, enhanced function, and improved cellular respiration. While microvascular fragments isolated from both lean and diabetic models were able to generate functional tissues, differences were observed in regard to vessel assembly and tissue function. This study introduces an approach that could be employed to engineer vascularized beige adipose tissues from a single, potentially autologous source of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in
Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and
Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Jingruo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and
Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Eric Ivan Garcia Huitron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and
Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in
Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in
Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Science and Technologies, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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Imprinted lncRNA Dio3os preprograms intergenerational brown fat development and obesity resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6845. [PMID: 34824246 PMCID: PMC8617289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic disorders but little is known about the contribution of offspring brown adipose tissue (BAT). We find that MO impairs fetal BAT development, which persistently suppresses BAT thermogenesis and primes female offspring to metabolic dysfunction. In fetal BAT, MO enhances expression of Dio3, which encodes deiodinase 3 (D3) to catabolize triiodothyronine (T3), while a maternally imprinted long noncoding RNA, Dio3 antisense RNA (Dio3os), is inhibited, leading to intracellular T3 deficiency and suppression of BAT development. Gain and loss of function shows Dio3os reduces D3 content and enhances BAT thermogenesis, rendering female offspring resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity. Attributing to Dio3os inactivation, its promoter has higher DNA methylation in obese dam oocytes which persists in fetal and adult BAT, uncovering an oocyte origin of intergenerational obesity. Overall, our data uncover key features of Dio3os activation in BAT to prevent intergenerational obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Maternal obesity predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic disorders through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors report that Dio3os is an imprinted long-coding RNA that modulates brown adipose tissue development and obesity resistance in the offspring.
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Folie S, Radlinger B, Goebel G, Salzmann K, Staudacher G, Ress C, Tilg H, Kaser S. Changing the dietary composition improves inflammation but not adipocyte thermogenesis in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108837. [PMID: 34419570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pronounced weight loss was shown to improve adipocyte dysfunction and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects. While bariatric surgery is frequently accompanied by adverse side effects, weight loss due to caloric restriction is often followed by weight regain. Here we aimed to determine whether switching the diet from a metabolically harmful Western type diet to a balanced standard diet is sufficient to reverse adipocyte dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a Western diet for 10 weeks and afterwards switched to a standard diet for eight more weeks (WD/SD mice) or continued to be fed a Western diet (WD/WD mice) ad libitum. Mice fed SD for 18 weeks served as control group (SD/SD). Insulin sensitivity was similar in WD/SD and SD/SD mice despite increased body weight in WD/SD mice. Beiging markers Ucp-1, Cidea and Cox8b were drastically reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue of WD/SD mice when compared with SD/SD mice. Also, in brown adipose tissue morphologic features and markers of thermogenesis were still altered in both WD/SD and WD/WD mice. However, adipocyte size, Hif1α and macrophage infiltration were significantly lower in both, brown and white adipose tissues of WD/SD compared to WD/WD mice and additionally, a shift toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype was found in WD/SD mice only. In conclusion our data suggest that switching the diet is sufficient to improve adipose tissue inflammation, while western diet negatively affects thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue, and inhibits beiging of white adipose tissue in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Folie
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Radlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Goebel
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Staudacher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhong L, Yao L, Seale P, Qin L. Marrow adipogenic lineage precursor: A new cellular component of marrow adipose tissue. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101518. [PMID: 33812853 PMCID: PMC8440665 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells are a highly heterogenic cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells as well as other cell types. With the advance of single cell transcriptome analysis, several recent reports identified a prominent subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells that specifically express adipocyte markers but do not contain lipid droplets. We name this cell type marrow adipogenic lineage precursor, MALP, and consider it as a major cellular component of marrow adipose tissue. Here, we review the discovery of MALPs and summarize their unique features and regulatory roles in bone. We further discuss how these findings advance our understanding of bone remodeling, mesenchymal niche regulation of hematopoiesis, and marrow vasculature maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Patrick Seale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Li X, Ma Z, Zhu YZ. Regional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Morphology, Origin, and Secretome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697720. [PMID: 34239444 PMCID: PMC8259882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot with local and systemic impacts. PVATs are anatomically, developmentally, and functionally different from classical adipose tissues and they are also different from each other. PVAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors and precursors. They can produce and secrete a wide range of autocrine and paracrine factors, many of which are vasoactive modulators. In the context of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, these phenotypic and functional differences become more evident. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of PVAT’s heterogeneity by comparing commonly studied adipose tissues around the thoracic aorta (tPVAT), abdominal aorta (aPVAT), and mesenteric artery (mPVAT). Distinct origins and developmental trajectory of PVAT adipocyte potentially contribute to regional heterogeneity. Regional differences also exist in ways how PVAT communicates with its neighboring vasculature by producing specific adipokines, vascular tone regulators, and extracellular vesicles in a given microenvironment. These insights may inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting the PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Dermal white adipose tissue: Much more than a metabolic, lipid-storage organ? Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101583. [PMID: 34171520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has emerged in the biomedical science as an ancillary fat district in the derma without a defined and distinct function respect to the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT). Despite some evidence describing dWAT as an immune-competent compartment, particularly engaged in wound repair, very few reports dealing with dWAT has elucidated its major modulatory role within the skin biology. Whereas an increasing bulk of evidence allows researcher to describe the main activity of sWAT, in humans dWAT is not properly a separated fat compartment and therefore scarcely considered in the scientific debate. Due to its strategic position between epidermis and sWAT, dermal fat might play a much more intriguing role than expected. This review tries to shed light on this issue, by expanding the debate about a possible role of dWAT in skin physiology.
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Ying T, Golden T, Cheng L, Ishibashi J, Seale P, Simmons RA. Neonatal IL-4 exposure decreases adipogenesis of male rats into adulthood. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1148-E1157. [PMID: 33870712 PMCID: PMC8285599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00600.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) can increase beige adipogenesis in adult rodents. However, neonatal animals use a distinct adipocyte precursor compartment for adipogenesis as compared with adults. In this study, we address whether IL-4 can induce persistent effects on adipose tissue when administered subcutaneously in the interscapular region during the neonatal period in Sprague-Dawley rats. We injected IL-4 into neonatal male rats during postnatal days 1-6, followed by analysis of adipose tissue and adipocyte precursors at 2 wk and 10 wk of age. Adipocyte precursors were cultured and subjected to differentiation in vitro. We found that a short and transient IL-4 exposure in neonates upregulated uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA expression and decreased fat cell size in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Adipocyte precursors from mature rats that had been treated with IL-4 as neonates displayed a decrease in adiponectin (Adipoq) but no change in Ucp1 expression, as compared with controls. Thus, neonatal IL-4 induces acute beige adipogenesis and decreases adipogenic differentiation capacity long term. Overall, these findings indicate that the neonatal period is critical for adipocyte development and may influence the later onset of obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used neonatal injections in rat to show that IL-4 decreases adipogenesis and increases browning of white fat. In adulthood, adipocyte precursors show persistently decreased adipogenesis but not increased browning. These studies in the neonate are the first, to our knowledge, to show that IL-4 can have long-lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Ying
- The Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thea Golden
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Crohn's Disease Increases the Mesothelial Properties of Adipocyte Progenitors in the Creeping Fat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084292. [PMID: 33924264 PMCID: PMC8074767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the interplay between human adipose tissue and the immune system is limited. The mesothelium, an immunologically active structure, emerged as a source of visceral adipose tissue. After investigating the mesothelial properties of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and their progenitors, we explored whether the dysfunctional obese and Crohn's disease environments influence the mesothelial/mesenchymal properties of their adipocyte precursors, as well as their ability to mount an immune response. Using a tandem transcriptomic/proteomic approach, we evaluated the mesothelial and mesenchymal expression profiles in adipose tissue, both in subjects covering a wide range of body-mass indexes and in Crohn's disease patients. We also isolated adipose tissue precursors (adipose-derived stem cells, ASCs) to assess their mesothelial/mesenchymal properties, as well as their antigen-presenting features. Human visceral tissue presented a mesothelial phenotype not detected in the subcutaneous fat. Only ASCs from mesenteric adipose tissue, named creeping fat, had a significantly higher expression of the hallmark mesothelial genes mesothelin (MSLN) and Wilms' tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1), supporting a mesothelial nature of these cells. Both lean and Crohn's disease visceral ASCs expressed equivalent surface percentages of the antigen-presenting molecules human leucocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) and CD86. However, lean-derived ASCs were predominantly HLA-DR dim, whereas in Crohn's disease, the HLA-DR bright subpopulation was increased 3.2-fold. Importantly, the mesothelial-enriched Crohn's disease precursors activated CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Our study evidences a mesothelial signature in the creeping fat of Crohn's disease patients and its progenitor cells, the latter being able to present antigens and orchestrate an immune response.
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Shamsi F, Piper M, Ho LL, Huang TL, Gupta A, Streets A, Lynes MD, Tseng YH. Vascular smooth muscle-derived Trpv1 + progenitors are a source of cold-induced thermogenic adipocytes. Nat Metab 2021; 3:485-495. [PMID: 33846638 PMCID: PMC8076094 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat function in energy expenditure in part due to their role in thermoregulation, making these tissues attractive targets for treating obesity and metabolic disorders. While prolonged cold exposure promotes de novo recruitment of brown adipocytes, the exact sources of cold-induced thermogenic adipocytes are not completely understood. Here, we identify transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (Trpv1)+ vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells as previously unidentified thermogenic adipocyte progenitors. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of interscapular brown adipose depots reveals, in addition to the previously known platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Pdgfr)α-expressing mesenchymal progenitors, a population of VSM-derived adipocyte progenitor cells (VSM-APC) expressing the temperature-sensitive cation channel Trpv1. We demonstrate that cold exposure induces the proliferation of Trpv1+ VSM-APCs and enahnces their differentiation to highly thermogenic adipocytes. Together, these findings illustrate the landscape of the thermogenic adipose niche at single-cell resolution and identify a new cellular origin for the development of brown and beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Piper
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-Lun Ho
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anushka Gupta
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Streets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Mice lacking PLAP-1/asporin counteracts high fat diet-induced metabolic disorder and alveolar bone loss by controlling adipose tissue expansion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4970. [PMID: 33654143 PMCID: PMC7925592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue fibrosis with chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity-related metabolic disorders, and the role of proteoglycans in developing adipose tissue fibrosis is of interest. Periodontal disease is associated with obesity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the roles of periodontal ligament associated protein-1 (PLAP-1)/asporin, a proteoglycan preferentially and highly expressed in the periodontal ligament, in obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction and adipocyte differentiation. It was found that PLAP-1 is also highly expressed in white adipose tissues. Plap-1 knock-out mice counteracted obesity and alveolar bone resorption induced by a high-fat diet. Plap-1 knock-down in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in less lipid accumulation, and recombinant PLAP-1 enhanced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, it was found that primary preadipocytes isolated from Plap-1 knock-out mice showed lesser lipid accumulation than the wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, the stromal vascular fraction of Plap-1 knock-out mice showed different extracellular matrix gene expression patterns compared to WT. These findings demonstrate that PLAP-1 enhances adipogenesis and could be a key molecule in understanding the association between periodontal disease and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Ishihara T, Inoue K, Iida O, Hata Y, Mano T. Pathological evaluation 18 years after bare-metal stent implantation in the superficial femoral artery. J Cardiol Cases 2021; 23:94-97. [PMID: 33520032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bare-metal stents (BMSs) have been generally applied for the treatment of peripheral artery disease in patients with femoropopliteal disease. However, very long-term pathological findings after BMS implantation have not been elucidated to date. We experienced an autopsy case in which we performed a pathological evaluation 18 years after BMS implantation in the right superficial femoral artery. The BMS was totally occluded and filled with remarkable neointima formation. Neointima was mainly composed of a lot of rather atrophic smooth muscles and intercellular spaces containing dense collagenous fibers. Furthermore, regional fatty infiltration was also observed, but inflammatory cell infiltration, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, was not recognized obviously even around the struts. Judging from the pathological findings, the main mechanism of the very long-term in-stent restenosis in the patients with femoropopliteal disease was continuous proliferation of smooth muscle cells that led to the totally occlusive disease. This observation leads us to speculate that continuous elution of an anti-proliferating drug over a longer duration, at least beyond 1 year, would be effective to prevent chronic-phase restenosis. Further development of devices that can be used in the femoropopliteal artery is needed in light of this speculation. <Learning objective: Very long-term pathological findings after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation in the femoropopliteal (FP) artery have not been elucidated to date. The BMS which was implanted in the FP artery 18 years before was totally occluded and filled with remarkable neointima formation due to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation without any infiltration of inflammatory cells around the struts. The main mechanism of the very long-term in-stent restenosis of FP disease was continuous proliferation of SMC.>.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsumi Inoue
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Iida
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hata
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mano
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Amagasaki, Japan
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