1
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Jiang H, Xie L, Gu Z, Mei H, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang M, Xu Y, Zhou C, Han L. MtPIN4 plays critical roles in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism of seed in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:689-704. [PMID: 38701004 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of seed development is critical for determining crop yield. Auxins are vital phytohormones that play roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. However, its role in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in seeds is not fully understood. In this study, we identified a mutant with small seeds through forward genetic screening in Medicago truncatula. The mutated gene encodes MtPIN4, an ortholog of PIN1. Using molecular approaches and integrative omics analyses, we discovered that auxin and amino acid content significantly decreased in mtpin4 seeds, highlighting the role of MtPIN4-mediated auxin distribution in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, genetic analysis revealed that the three orthologs of PIN1 have specific and overlapping functions in various developmental processes in M. truncatula. Our findings emphasize the significance of MtPIN4 in seed development and offer insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of seed size in crops. This knowledge could be applied to enhance crop quality by targeted manipulation of seed protein regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqun Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Hongyao Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
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2
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Florez-Rueda AM, Miguel CM, Figueiredo DD. Comparative transcriptomics of seed nourishing tissues: uncovering conserved and divergent pathways in seed plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1134-1157. [PMID: 38709819 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The evolutionary and ecological success of spermatophytes is intrinsically linked to the seed habit, which provides a protective environment for the initial development of the new generation. This environment includes an ephemeral nourishing tissue that supports embryo growth. In gymnosperms this tissue originates from the asexual proliferation of the maternal megagametophyte, while in angiosperms it is a product of fertilization, and is called the endosperm. The emergence of these nourishing tissues is of profound evolutionary value, and they are also food staples for most of the world's population. Here, using Orthofinder to infer orthologue genes among newly generated and previously published datasets, we provide a comparative transcriptomic analysis of seed nourishing tissues from species of several angiosperm clades, including those of early diverging lineages, as well as of one gymnosperm. Our results show that, although the structure and composition of seed nourishing tissues has seen significant divergence along evolution, there are signatures that are conserved throughout the phylogeny. Conversely, we identified processes that are specific to species within the clades studied, and thus illustrate their functional divergence. With this, we aimed to provide a foundation for future studies on the evolutionary history of seed nourishing structures, as well as a resource for gene discovery in future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcela Florez-Rueda
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechts-Str. 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Célia M Miguel
- Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte D Figueiredo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Khouider S, Gehring M. Parental dialectic: Epigenetic conversations in endosperm. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102591. [PMID: 38944896 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Endosperm is a major evolutionary innovation of flowering plants, and its proper development critically impacts seed growth and viability. Epigenetic regulators have a key function in parental control of endosperm development. Notably, epigenetic regulation of parental genome dosage is a major determinant of seed development success, and disruption of this balance can produce inviable seed, as observed in some interploidy and interspecific crosses. These postzygotic reproduction barriers are also a potent driver of speciation. The molecular machinery and regulatory architecture governing endosperm development is proposed to have evolved under parental conflict. In this review, we emphasize parental conflict as a dialectic conflict and discuss recent findings about the epigenetic molecular machinery that mediates parental conflict in the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souraya Khouider
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Mary Gehring
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
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Zhang L, Tang Q, Li P, Li C, Jiang L, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu Q, Yang Y. Methodological and Physiological Study during Seed Dormancy Release of Symplocos paniculata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1459. [PMID: 38891268 PMCID: PMC11174710 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Symplocos paniculata are reported to exhibit seed dormancy, which impedes its cultivation and widespread adoption. In this study, a comprehensive method was established to overcome seed dormancy by subjecting seeds to scarification in 98% H2SO4 for 10 min, followed by 1000 mg·L-1 GA3 soaking for 48 h and stratification at 4 °C for 100 days. The seed germination percentage has increased significantly, to a peak of 42.67%, though the seeds could not germinate timely by NaOH scarification. Additionally, the dynamic changes of key stored substances (proteins, soluble sugars, starches, and fats), associated enzyme activities (amylases, peroxidase, and catalase), and endogenous hormones (abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) in seeds were investigated. The results demonstrated a continuous degradation of starch and fat in S. paniculata seeds, while the levels of protein and soluble sugar exhibited fluctuations, which probably facilitated seed dormancy breaking through energy supply and transformation. The enzymatic activities underwent rapid changes, accompanied by a gradual decrease in ABA content within the seeds with increasing stratification time. Notably, GA3, GA3/ABA, and (GA3 + IAA)/ABA showed significant increases, indicating their positive regulatory roles in seed germination. This study clarified the dormancy mechanism and established an effective method for the release dormancy of S. paniculata seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Peiwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Utilization Science for Southern Woody Oilseed, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jingzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Yunzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China; (L.Z.)
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Xu H, Wang F, Rebecca Njeri Damari, Chen X, Lin Z. Molecular mechanisms underlying the signal perception and transduction during seed germination. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:27. [PMID: 38525006 PMCID: PMC10954596 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
QuerySeed germination is a vital step in the life cycle of a plant, playing a significant role in seedling establishment and crop yield potential. It is also an important factor in the conservation of plant germplasm resources. This complex process is influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental conditions, the genetic makeup of the seed, and endogenous hormones. The perception of these environmental signals triggers a cascade of intricate signal transduction events that determine whether a seed germinates or remains dormant. Despite considerable progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms governing these processes, many questions remain unanswered. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of environmental signals and consequent signal transduction during seed germination, and discuss questions that need to be addressed to better understand the process of seed germination and develop novel strategies for germplasm improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Xu
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China, Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003 China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
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6
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Wu D, Cao Y, Wang D, Zong G, Han K, Zhang W, Qi Y, Xu G, Zhang Y. Auxin receptor OsTIR1 mediates auxin signaling during seed filling in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2434-2448. [PMID: 38214208 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cereal endosperm represents the most important source of the world's food. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind sugar import into rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm and their relationship with auxin signaling are poorly understood. Here, we report that auxin transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) plays an essential role in rice grain yield and quality via modulating sugar transport into endosperm. The fluctuations of OsTIR1 transcripts parallel to the early stage of grain expansion among those of the 5 TIR1/AFB (auxin-signaling F-box) auxin co-receptor proteins. OsTIR1 is abundantly expressed in ovular vascular trace, nucellar projection, nucellar epidermis, aleurone layer cells, and endosperm, providing a potential path for sugar into the endosperm. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, starch accumulation is repressed by mutation of OsTIR1 and improved by overexpression of the gene, ultimately leading to reduced grain yield and quality in tir1 mutants but improvement in overexpression lines. Of the rice AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) genes, only the OsARF25 transcript is repressed in tir1 mutants and enhanced by overexpression of OsTIR1; its highest transcript is recorded at 10 d after fertilization, consistent with OsTIR1 expression. Also, OsARF25 can bind the promoter of the sugar transporter OsSWEET11 (SWEET, sugars will eventually be exported transporter) in vivo and in vitro. arf25 and arf25/sweet11 mutants exhibit reduced starch content and seed size (relative to the WTs), similar to tir1 mutants. Our data reveal that OsTIR1 mediates sugar import into endosperm via the auxin signaling component OsARF25 interacting with sugar transporter OsSWEET11. The results of this study are of great significance to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of auxin signaling on grain development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoxinan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kunxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
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7
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Wentzien NM, Fernández-González AJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Lasa AV, Villadas PJ, Wicaksono WA, Cernava T, Berg G, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Pitting the olive seed microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:17. [PMID: 38491515 PMCID: PMC10943921 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex and co-evolved interplay between plants and their microbiota is crucial for the health and fitness of the plant holobiont. However, the microbiota of the seeds is still relatively unexplored and no studies have been conducted with olive trees so far. In this study, we aimed to characterize the bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities present in seeds of ten olive genotypes growing in the same orchard through amplicon sequencing to test whether the olive genotype is a major driver in shaping the seed microbial community, and to identify the origin of the latter. Therefore, we have developed a methodology for obtaining samples from the olive seed's endosphere under sterile conditions. RESULTS A diverse microbiota was uncovered in olive seeds, the plant genotype being an important factor influencing the structure and composition of the microbial communities. The most abundant bacterial phylum was Actinobacteria, accounting for an average relative abundance of 41%. At genus level, Streptomyces stood out because of its potential influence on community structure. Within the fungal community, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most abundant phyla, including the genera Malassezia, Cladosporium, and Mycosphaerella. The shared microbiome was composed of four bacterial (Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Promicromonospora and Acidipropionibacterium) and three fungal (Malassezia, Cladosporium and Mycosphaerella) genera. Furthermore, a comparison between findings obtained here and earlier results from the root endosphere of the same trees indicated that genera such as Streptomyces and Malassezia were present in both olive compartments. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first insights into the composition of the olive seed microbiota. The highly abundant fungal genus Malassezia and the bacterial genus Streptomyces reflect a unique signature of the olive seed microbiota. The genotype clearly shaped the composition of the seed's microbial community, although a shared microbiome was found. We identified genera that may translocate from the roots to the seeds, as they were present in both organs of the same trees. These findings set the stage for future research into potential vertical transmission of olive endophytes and the role of specific microbial taxa in seed germination, development, and seedling survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria M Wentzien
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana V Lasa
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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8
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Quiroz LF, Gondalia N, Brychkova G, McKeown PC, Spillane C. Haploid rhapsody: the molecular and cellular orchestra of in vivo haploid induction in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1936-1949. [PMID: 38180262 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In planta haploid induction (HI), which reduces the chromosome number in the progeny after fertilization, has garnered increasing attention for its significant potential in crop breeding and genetic research. Despite the identification of several natural and synthetic HI systems in different plant species, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these HI systems remain largely unknown. This review synthesizes the current understanding of HI systems in plants (with a focus on genes and molecular mechanisms involved), including the molecular and cellular interactions which orchestrate the HI process. As most HI systems can function across taxonomic boundaries, we particularly discuss the evidence for conserved mechanisms underlying the process. These include mechanisms involved in preserving chromosomal integrity, centromere function, gamete communication and/or fusion, and maintenance of karyogamy. While significant discoveries and advances on haploid inducer systems have arisen over the past decades, we underscore gaps in understanding and deliberate on directions for further research for a more comprehensive understanding of in vivo HI processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Nikita Gondalia
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Galina Brychkova
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Peter C McKeown
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
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9
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Cui Y, Ji X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Bai Q, Su S. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Mechanism of Ovule Development in Castanea mollissima. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1974. [PMID: 38396651 PMCID: PMC10888392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovule abortion, which is the main cause of empty burs in the Chinese chestnut, affects the formation of embryos and further reduces yield; therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of ovule abortion. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic and metabolomic data of ovules at critical developmental stages to explore the key regulatory networks affecting ovule development. The metabolites were enriched mainly in pathways involved in phytohormone signaling, energy metabolism, and amino acid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the HSP genes were significantly down-regulated during fertilization, indicating that this process is extremely sensitive to temperature. The hormone and sucrose contents of ovules before and after fertilization and of fertile and abortive ovules at different developmental stages showed significant differences, and it is hypothesized that that abnormal temperature may disrupt hormone synthesis, affecting the synthesis and catabolism of sucrose and ultimately resulting in the abortive development of Chinese chestnut ovules. At the pollination and fertilization stage of chestnuts, spraying with ethylene, ACC, and AIB significantly increased the number of developing fruit in each prickly pod compared to CK (water) treatment. These results indicated that both ethylene and ACC increased the rate of ovule development. This study provides an important theoretical molecular basis for the subsequent regulation of ovule development and nut yield in the Chinese chestnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cui
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingzhou Ji
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Qian Bai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuchai Su
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Zhang N, Zhan Y, Ding K, Wang L, Qi P, Ding W, Xu M, Ni J. Overexpression of the Ginkgo biloba dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene GbDFR6 results in the self-incompatibility-like phenotypes in transgenic tobacco. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2163339. [PMID: 36630727 PMCID: PMC9839370 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although flavonoids play multiple roles in plant growth and development, the involvement in plant self-incompatibility (SI) have not been reported. In this research, the fertility of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the Ginkgo biloba dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene, GbDFR6, were investigated. To explore the possible physiological defects leading to the failure of embryo development in transgenic tobacco plants, functions of pistils and pollen grains were examined. Transgenic pistils pollinated with pollen grains from another tobacco plants (either transgenic or wild-type), developed full of well-developed seeds. In contrast, in self-pollinated transgenic tobacco plants, pollen-tube growth was arrested in the upper part of the style, and small abnormal seeds developed without fertilization. Although the mechanism remains unclear, our research may provide a valuable method to create SI tobacco plants for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wona Ding
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Maojun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Pirredda M, Fañanás-Pueyo I, Oñate-Sánchez L, Mira S. Seed Longevity and Ageing: A Review on Physiological and Genetic Factors with an Emphasis on Hormonal Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38202349 PMCID: PMC10780731 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Upon storage, seeds inevitably age and lose their viability over time, which determines their longevity. Longevity correlates with successful seed germination and enhancing this trait is of fundamental importance for long-term seed storage (germplasm conservation) and crop improvement. Seed longevity is governed by a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental conditions experienced during seed development and after-ripening that will shape seed physiology. Several factors have been associated with seed ageing such as oxidative stress responses, DNA repair enzymes, and composition of seed layers. Phytohormones, mainly abscisic acid, auxins, and gibberellins, have also emerged as prominent endogenous regulators of seed longevity, and their study has provided new regulators of longevity. Gaining a thorough understanding of how hormonal signalling genes and pathways are integrated with downstream mechanisms related to seed longevity is essential for formulating strategies aimed at preserving seed quality and viability. A relevant aspect related to research in seed longevity is the existence of significant differences between results depending on the seed equilibrium relative humidity conditions used to study seed ageing. Hence, this review delves into the genetic, environmental and experimental factors affecting seed ageing and longevity, with a particular focus on their hormonal regulation. We also provide gene network models underlying hormone signalling aimed to help visualize their integration into seed longevity and ageing. We believe that the format used to present the information bolsters its value as a resource to support seed longevity research for seed conservation and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pirredda
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iris Fañanás-Pueyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Mira
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
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12
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhao Q, Wu C, Deng CH, Wang J, Wang Y, Yan Y, Zhai R, Yauk YK, Ma F, Atkinson RG, Li P. Dihydrochalcone glycoside biosynthesis in Malus is regulated by two MYB-like transcription factors and is required for seed development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1492-1507. [PMID: 37648286 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrochalcones (DHCs) including phlorizin (phloretin 2'-O-glucoside) and its positional isomer trilobatin (phloretin 4'-O-glucoside) are the most abundant phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus spp.). Transcriptional regulation of DHC production is poorly understood despite their importance in insect- and pathogen-plant interactions in human physiology research and in pharmaceuticals. In this study, segregation in hybrid populations and bulked segregant analysis showed that the synthesis of phlorizin and trilobatin in Malus leaves are both single-gene-controlled traits. Promoter sequences of PGT1 and PGT2, two glycosyltransferase genes involved in DHC glycoside synthesis, were shown to discriminate Malus with different DHC glycoside patterns. Differential PGT1 and PGT2 promoter activities determined DHC glycoside accumulation patterns between genotypes. Two transcription factors containing MYB-like DNA-binding domains were then shown to control DHC glycoside patterns in different tissues, with PRR2L mainly expressed in leaf, fruit, flower, stem, and seed while MYB8L mainly expressed in stem and root. Further hybridizations between specific genotypes demonstrated an absolute requirement for DHC glycoside production in Malus during seed development which explains why no Malus spp. with a null DHC chemotype have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuduan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jingru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanfang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yar-Khing Yauk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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13
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Gabrieli F, Anire J, Albertini E, Ezquer I, Colombo L. Evolutionary studies of the bHLH transcription factors belonging to MBW complex: their role in seed development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:383-400. [PMID: 37467144 PMCID: PMC10667011 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The MBW complex consist of proteins belonging to three major families (MYB, bHLH and WDR) involved in various processes throughout plant development: epidermal cell development, mucilage secretory cells and flavonoid biosynthesis. Recently, it has been reported that TT8, encoding a bHLH transcription factor, is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the seed coat and it also plays a role in bypassing the postzygotic barrier resulting from an unbalance in genetic loads of the parental lines. Here, we focus on the functional evolution, in seed development, of the bHLH proteins that are part of the MBW complex, complemented with a literature review. METHODS Phylogenetic analyses performed across seed plants and expression analyses in the reproductive tissues of four selected angiosperms (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Capsella rubella and Solanum lycopersicum) allow us to hypothesize on the evolution of its functions. KEY RESULTS TT8 expression in the innermost layer of the seed coat is conserved in the selected angiosperms. However, except for Arabidopsis, TT8 is also expressed in ovules, carpels and fruits. The homologues belonging to the sister clade of TT8, EGL3/GL3, involved in trichome development, are expressed in the outermost layer of the seed coat, suggesting potential roles in mucilage. CONCLUSIONS The ancestral function of these genes appears to be flavonoid biosynthesis, and the conservation of TT8 expression patterns in the innermost layer of the seed coat in angiosperms suggests that their function in postzygotic barriers might also be conserved. Moreover, the literature review and the results of the present study suggest a sophisticated association, linking the mechanisms of action of these genes to the cross-communication activity between the different tissues of the seed. Thus, it provides avenues to study the mechanisms of action of TT8 in the postzygotic triploid block, which is crucial because it impacts seed development in unbalanced crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale DII, University of Padua, via Gradenigo, 6/a, Padova, Italy
| | - Jovannemar Anire
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Coconut Research Center – Visayas, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Tonosaki K, Kinoshita T. Polycomb repression of the asexual embryo. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1783-1784. [PMID: 37814023 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Tonosaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Kinoshita
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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15
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Wu X, Xie L, Sun X, Wang N, Finnegan EJ, Helliwell C, Yao J, Zhang H, Wu X, Hands P, Lu F, Ma L, Zhou B, Chaudhury A, Cao X, Luo M. Mutation in Polycomb repressive complex 2 gene OsFIE2 promotes asexual embryo formation in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1848-1861. [PMID: 37814022 PMCID: PMC10654051 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of autonomous division of the egg apparatus and central cell in a female gametophyte before fertilization ensures successful reproduction in flowering plants. Here we show that rice ovules of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) Osfie1 and Osfie2 double mutants exhibit asexual embryo and autonomous endosperm formation at a high frequency, while ovules of single Osfie2 mutants display asexual pre-embryo-like structures at a lower frequency without fertilization. Earlier onset, higher penetrance and better development of asexual embryos in the double mutants compared with those in Osfie2 suggest that the autonomous endosperm facilitated asexual embryo development. Transcriptomic analysis showed that male genome-expressed OsBBM1 and OsWOX8/9 were activated in the asexual embryos. Similarly, the maternal alleles of the paternally expressed imprinted genes were activated in the autonomous endosperm, suggesting that the egg apparatus and central cell convergently adopt PRC2 to maintain the non-dividing state before fertilization, possibly through silencing of the maternal alleles of male genome-expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoba Wu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Liqiong Xie
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, P. R. China
| | - Xizhe Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ningning Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - E Jean Finnegan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Chris Helliwell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Phil Hands
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Falong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lisong Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Abed Chaudhury
- Krishan Foundation Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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16
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Yoon J, Min CW, Kim J, Baek G, Kim D, Jang JW, Gupta R, Kim ST, Cho LH. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Deciphers the Molecular Mechanism for Endosperm Nuclear Division in Early Rice Seed Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3715. [PMID: 37960070 PMCID: PMC10650807 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying early seed development is important in improving the grain yield and quality of crop plants. We performed a comparative label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of developing rice seeds for the WT and osctps1-2 mutant, encoding a cytidine triphosphate synthase previously reported as the endospermless 2 (enl2) mutant in rice, harvested at 0 and 1 d after pollination (DAP) to understand the molecular mechanism of early seed development. In total, 5231 proteins were identified, of which 902 changed in abundance between 0 and 1 DAP seeds. Proteins that preferentially accumulated at 1 DAP were involved in DNA replication and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Notably, an increased abundance of OsCTPS1 was observed at 1 DAP; however, no such changes were observed at the transcriptional level. We further observed that the inhibition of phosphorylation increased the stability of this protein. Furthermore, in osctps1-2, minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins were significantly reduced compared with those in the WT at 1 DAP, and mutations in OsMCM5 caused defects in seed development. These results highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying early seed development in rice at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Gibeom Baek
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
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17
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Chen Q, Guo Y, Zhang J, Zheng N, Wang J, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhen S, Du X, Li L, Fu J, Wang G, Gu R, Wang J, Liu Y. RNA polymerase common subunit ZmRPABC5b is transcriptionally activated by Opaque2 and essential for endosperm development in maize. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7832-7850. [PMID: 37403778 PMCID: PMC10450181 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) kernel size is an important factor determining grain yield; although numerous genes regulate kernel development, the roles of RNA polymerases in this process are largely unclear. Here, we characterized the defective kernel 701 (dek701) mutant that displays delayed endosperm development but normal vegetative growth and flowering transition, compared to its wild type. We cloned Dek701, which encoded ZmRPABC5b, a common subunit to RNA polymerases I, II and III. Loss-of-function mutation of Dek701 impaired the function of all three RNA polymerases and altered the transcription of genes related to RNA biosynthesis, phytohormone response and starch accumulation. Consistent with this observation, loss-of-function mutation of Dek701 affected cell proliferation and phytohormone homeostasis in maize endosperm. Dek701 was transcriptionally regulated in the endosperm by the transcription factor Opaque2 through binding to the GCN4 motif within the Dek701 promoter, which was subjected to strong artificial selection during maize domestication. Further investigation revealed that DEK701 interacts with the other common RNA polymerase subunit ZmRPABC2. The results of this study provide substantial insight into the Opaque2-ZmRPABC5b transcriptional regulatory network as a central hub for regulating endosperm development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Chen
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingmei Guo
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiawen Lu
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sihan Zhen
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Riliang Gu
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding; Center for Seed Science and Technology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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18
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Tan C, Liang M, Luo Q, Zhang T, Wang W, Li S, Men S. AUX1, PIN3, and TAA1 collectively maintain fertility in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2023; 258:68. [PMID: 37598130 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We found that auxin synthesis gene TAA1 and auxin polar transport genes AUX1 and PIN3 collectively maintain fertility and seed size in Arabidopsis. Auxin plays a vital role in plant gametophyte development and embryogenesis. The auxin synthesis gene TAA1 and the auxin polar transport genes AUX1 and PIN3 are expressed during Arabidopsis gametophyte and seed development. However, aux1, pin3, and taa1 single mutants only exhibit mild reproductive defects. We, therefore, generated aux1-T pin3 taa1-k2 and aux1-T pin3-2 taa1-k1 triple mutants by crossing or CRISPR/Cas9 technique. These triple mutants displayed severe reproductive defects with approximately 70% and 77%, respectively, of the siliques failing to elongate after anthesis. Reciprocal crosses and microscopy analyses showed that the development of pollen and ovules in the aux1 pin3 taa1 mutants was normal, whereas the filaments were remarkably short, which might be the cause of the silique sterility. Further analyses indicated that the development and morphology of aux1 pin3 taa1 seeds were normal, but their size was smaller compared with that of the wild type. These results indicate that AUX1, PIN3, and TAA1 act in concert to maintain fertility and seed size in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengxiao Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Suxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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19
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Rojek J, Ohad N. The phenomenon of autonomous endosperm in sexual and apomictic plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4324-4348. [PMID: 37155961 PMCID: PMC10433939 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endosperm is a key nutritive tissue that supports the developing embryo or seedling, and serves as a major nutritional source for human and livestock feed. In sexually-reproducing flowering plants, it generally develops after fertilization. However, autonomous endosperm (AE) formation (i.e. independent of fertilization) is also possible. Recent findings of AE loci/ genes and aberrant imprinting in native apomicts, together with a successful initiation of parthenogenesis in rice and lettuce, have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms bridging sexual and apomictic seed formation. However, the mechanisms driving AE development are not well understood. This review presents novel aspects related to AE development in sexual and asexual plants underlying stress conditions as the primary trigger for AE. Both application of hormones to unfertilized ovules and mutations that impair epigenetic regulation lead to AE development in sexual Arabidopsis thaliana, which may point to a common pathway for both phenomena. Apomictic-like AE development under experimental conditions can take place due to auxin-dependent gene expression and/or DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rojek
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Nir Ohad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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He H, Shiragaki K, Tezuka T. Understanding and overcoming hybrid lethality in seed and seedling stages as barriers to hybridization and gene flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1219417. [PMID: 37476165 PMCID: PMC10354522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1219417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lethality is a type of reproductive isolation barrier observed in two developmental stages, hybrid embryos (hybrid seeds) and hybrid seedlings. Hybrid lethality has been reported in many plant species and limits distant hybridization breeding including interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, which increases genetic diversity and contributes to produce new germplasm for agricultural purposes. Recent studies have provided molecular and genetic evidence suggesting that underlying causes of hybrid lethality involve epistatic interaction of one or more loci, as hypothesized by the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model, and effective ploidy or endosperm balance number. In this review, we focus on the similarities and differences between hybrid seed lethality and hybrid seedling lethality, as well as methods of recovering seed/seedling activity to circumvent hybrid lethality. Current knowledge summarized in our article will provides new insights into the mechanisms of hybrid lethality and effective methods for circumventing hybrid lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai He
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kumpei Shiragaki
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tezuka
- Laboratory of Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Education and Research Field, School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Israeli A, Schubert R, Man N, Teboul N, Serrani Yarce JC, Rosowski EE, Wu MF, Levy M, Efroni I, Ljung K, Hause B, Reed JW, Ori N. Modulating auxin response stabilizes tomato fruit set. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2336-2355. [PMID: 37032117 PMCID: PMC10315294 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruit formation depends on successful fertilization and is highly sensitive to weather fluctuations that affect pollination. Auxin promotes fruit initiation and growth following fertilization. Class A auxin response factors (Class A ARFs) repress transcription in the absence of auxin and activate transcription in its presence. Here, we explore how multiple members of the ARF family regulate fruit set and fruit growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, and test whether reduction of SlARF activity improves yield stability in fluctuating temperatures. We found that several tomato Slarf mutant combinations produced seedless parthenocarpic fruits, most notably mutants deficient in SlARF8A and SlARF8B genes. Arabidopsis Atarf8 mutants deficient in the orthologous gene had less complete parthenocarpy than did tomato Slarf8a Slarf8b mutants. Conversely, Atarf6 Atarf8 double mutants had reduced fruit growth after fertilization. AtARF6 and AtARF8 likely switch from repression to activation of fruit growth in response to a fertilization-induced auxin increase in gynoecia. Tomato plants with reduced SlARF8A and SlARF8B gene dosage had substantially higher yield than the wild type under controlled or ambient hot and cold growth conditions. In field trials, partial reduction in the SlARF8 dose increased yield under extreme temperature with minimal pleiotropic effects. The stable yield of the mutant plants resulted from a combination of early onset of fruit set, more fruit-bearing branches and more flowers setting fruits. Thus, ARF8 proteins mediate the control of fruit set, and relieving this control with Slarf8 mutations may be utilized in breeding to increase yield stability in tomato and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Israeli
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ramona Schubert
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Nave Man
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Teboul
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Emily E Rosowski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Miin-Feng Wu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Matan Levy
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jason W Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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22
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Hertig C, Rutten T, Melzer M, Schippers JHM, Thiel J. Dissection of Developmental Programs and Regulatory Modules Directing Endosperm Transfer Cell and Aleurone Identity in the Syncytial Endosperm of Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1594. [PMID: 37111818 PMCID: PMC10142620 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Endosperm development in barley starts with the formation of a multinucleate syncytium, followed by cellularization in the ventral part of the syncytium generating endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) as first differentiating subdomain, whereas aleurone (AL) cells will originate from the periphery of the enclosing syncytium. Positional signaling in the syncytial stage determines cell identity in the cereal endosperm. Here, we performed a morphological analysis and employed laser capture microdissection (LCM)-based RNA-seq of the ETC region and the peripheral syncytium at the onset of cellularization to dissect developmental and regulatory programs directing cell specification in the early endosperm. Transcriptome data revealed domain-specific characteristics and identified two-component signaling (TCS) and hormone activities (auxin, ABA, ethylene) with associated transcription factors (TFs) as the main regulatory links for ETC specification. On the contrary, differential hormone signaling (canonical auxin, gibberellins, cytokinin) and interacting TFs control the duration of the syncytial phase and timing of cellularization of AL initials. Domain-specific expression of candidate genes was validated by in situ hybridization and putative protein-protein interactions were confirmed by split-YFP assays. This is the first transcriptome analysis dissecting syncytial subdomains of cereal seeds and provides an essential framework for initial endosperm differentiation in barley, which is likely also valuable for comparative studies with other cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hertig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Jos H. M. Schippers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Johannes Thiel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Seeland, Germany
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23
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Liu H, Luo Q, Tan C, Song J, Zhang T, Men S. Biosynthesis- and transport-mediated dynamic auxin distribution during seed development controls seed size in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1259-1277. [PMID: 36648165 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is indispensable to the fertilization-induced coordinated development of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. However, little attention has been given to the distribution pattern, maintenance mechanism, and function of auxin throughout the process of seed development. In the present study, we found that auxin response signals display a dynamic distribution pattern during Arabidopsis seed development. Shortly after fertilization, strong auxin response signals were observed at the funiculus, chalaza, and micropylar integument where the embryo attaches. Later, additional signals appeared at the middle layer of the inner integument (ii1') above the chalaza and the whole inner layer of the outer integument (oi1). These signals peaked when the seed was mature, then declined upon desiccation and disappeared in the dried seed. Auxin biosynthesis genes, including ASB1, TAA1, YUC1, YUC4, YUC8, and YUC9, contributed to the accumulation of auxin in the funiculus and seed coat. Auxin efflux carrier PIN3 and influx carrier AUX1 also contributed to the polar auxin distribution in the seed coat. PIN3 was expressed in the ii1 (innermost layer of the inner integument) and oi1 layers of the integument and showed polar localization. AUX1 was expressed in both layers of the outer integument and the endosperm and displayed a uniform localization. Further research demonstrated that the accumulation of auxin in the seed coat regulates seed size. Transgenic plants that specifically express the YUC8 gene in the oi2 or ii1 seed coat produced larger seeds. These results provide useful tools for cultivating high-yielding crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jia Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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24
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Liu DD, Wang DR, Yang XY, Zhao CH, Li SH, Sha GL, Zhang RF, Ge HJ, Tong XS, You CX. Apomictic Malus plants exhibit abnormal pollen development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1065032. [PMID: 36890893 PMCID: PMC9986266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1065032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is the asexual reproduction through seeds that leads to the production of genetically uniform progeny. It has become an important tool in plant breeding because it facilitates the retention of genotypes with desirable traits and allows seeds to be obtained directly from mother plants. Apomixis is rare in most economically important crops, but it occurs in some Malus species. Here, the apomictic characteristics of Malus were examined using four apomictic and two sexually reproducing Malus plants. Results from transcriptome analysis showed that plant hormone signal transduction was the main factor affecting apomictic reproductive development. Four of the apomictic Malus plants examined were triploid, and pollen was either absent or present in very low densities in the stamen. Variation in the presence of pollen was associated with variation in the apomictic percentage; specifically, pollen was absent in the stamens of tea crabapple plants with the highest apomictic percentage. Furthermore, pollen mother cells failed to progress normally into meiosis and pollen mitosis, a trait mostly observed in apomictic Malus plants. The expression levels of meiosis-related genes were upregulated in apomictic plants. Our findings indicate that our simple method of detecting pollen abortion could be used to identify apple plants that are capable of apomictic reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chang-Hui Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang-Li Sha
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Fen Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Juan Ge
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-Song Tong
- Fu-ning Popularizing Agricultural Techniques Center, Fu-ning, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
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25
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Baud S, Corso M, Debeaujon I, Dubreucq B, Job D, Marion-Poll A, Miquel M, North H, Rajjou L, Lepiniec L. Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology. C R Biol 2023; 345:61-110. [PMID: 36847120 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled "Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research". This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.
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26
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Developing Genetic Engineering Techniques for Control of Seed Size and Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113256. [PMID: 36362043 PMCID: PMC9655546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many signaling pathways regulate seed size through the development of endosperm and maternal tissues, which ultimately results in a range of variations in seed size or weight. Seed size can be determined through the development of zygotic tissues (endosperm and embryo) and maternal ovules. In addition, in some species such as rice, seed size is largely determined by husk growth. Transcription regulator factors are responsible for enhancing cell growth in the maternal ovule, resulting in seed growth. Phytohormones induce significant effects on entire features of growth and development of plants and also regulate seed size. Moreover, the vegetative parts are the major source of nutrients, including the majority of carbon and nitrogen-containing molecules for the reproductive part to control seed size. There is a need to increase the size of seeds without affecting the number of seeds in plants through conventional breeding programs to improve grain yield. In the past decades, many important genetic factors affecting seed size and yield have been identified and studied. These important factors constitute dynamic regulatory networks governing the seed size in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we summarized recent advances regarding the molecular factors regulating seed size in Arabidopsis and other crops, followed by discussions on strategies to comprehend crops' genetic and molecular aspects in balancing seed size and yield.
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27
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Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. PLANTA 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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28
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Tang Y, Wang L, Qu Z, Huang C, Zhao T, Li Y, Zhang C. BSISTER transcription factors directly binds to the promoter of IAA19 and IAA29 genes to up-regulate gene expression and promote the root development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111324. [PMID: 35696924 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Roots play an important role in the growth and development of plants and auxin participates in regulating plant root development. Some studies have shown that BS (BSISTER) gene (the closest gene of class B gene) is involved in plant root development, but whether BS regulates root development via auxin signaling still not clear. To explore VviBS1 and VviBS2 roles in root development, VviBS1 and VviBS2 were overexpressedin Arabidopsis tt16 mutant and we found that they could restore the phenotype of shorter PR (primary roots) and high density of LR (lateral root) of tt16 compared with the wild type Ws Arabidopsis seedlings. However, the addition of exogenous NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) could not significantly promote the PR length of tt16 Arabidopsis, and the auxin signal transduction of tt16 may be blocked. The expression levels of auxin signal transduction pathway genes in Ws, tt16, p35s:VviBS1 in tt16 and p35s:VviBS2 in tt16 seedlings were detected. It was found that the expression of AtARF2, AtARF12, AtARF14, AtARF15, AtARF20, AtGH3, AtGH3-2 and AtSAUR51 genes in tt16 seedlings was higher than that in Ws, while the expression of AtIAA19 and AtIAA29 in Ws seedlings was higher than that of tt16. More importantly, BS may up regulate AtIAA19 and AtIAA29 expression directly by binding to their promoter. In addition, VviBS1 and VviBS2 also affect seed germination and may regulate leaf yellowing by regulating ethylene synthase. Therefore, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism that BS may modulate root system development via Aux/IAA-based auxin signaling, and provide insight into the BS function in regulation of leaf yellowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ziyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Congbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northwest Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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29
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Pan L, Wang M, Yang Y, Chen C, Dai H, Zhang Z, Hua B, Miao M. Whole-genome resequencing identified QTLs, candidate genes and Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR markers associated with the large fruit of Atlantic Giant ( Cucurbita maxima). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942004. [PMID: 35937359 PMCID: PMC9354748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic Giant (AG) pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) produces the world's largest fruit. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of AG fruit formation is of scientific and practical importance. In this research, genome-wide resequencing of an F2 population produced by a cross between AG and its small-fruit ancestor Hubbard was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes. Transgressive segregation of fruit size-related traits was observed in the F2 population, suggesting that fruit size was a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. A genetic map with an average physical distance of 154 kb per marker was constructed, and 13 QTLs related to fruit size were identified using bin-map construction. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that pathways associated with assimilate accumulation into the fruit, including carbohydrate metabolism, were significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes. According to the predicted impact of mutation on the biological function of certain proteins, 13 genes were selected as candidate genes associated with fruit size, among which two phytohormone-related genes, CmaCh17G011340 (a flavin-containing monooxygenase) and CmaCh04G029660 (a leucine-rich repeat protein kinase) were chosen for further investigation. Finally, one insertion-deletion (inDel) and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were successfully transformed to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. The novel QTLs and candidate genes identified provide insights into the genetic mechanism of large fruit formation of AG, and the genetic map and tightly linked KASP markers developed in this study can be employed for marker-assisted breeding to alter fruit size of C. maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Pan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yating Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Dai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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30
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Badoni S, Parween S, Henry RJ, Sreenivasulu N. Systems seed biology to understand and manipulate rice grain quality and nutrition. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35723584 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2058460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most essential crops since it meets the calorific needs of 3 billion people around the world. Rice seed development initiates upon fertilization, leading to the establishment of two distinct filial tissues, the endosperm and embryo, which accumulate distinct seed storage products, such as starch, storage proteins, and lipids. A range of systems biology tools deployed in dissecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of transcriptome data, methylation, and small RNA based regulation operative during seed development, influencing the accumulation of storage products was reviewed. Studies of other model systems are also considered due to the limited information on the rice transcriptome. This review highlights key genes identified through a holistic view of systems biology targeted to modify biochemical composition and influence rice grain quality and nutritional value with the target of improving rice as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Badoni
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| | - Sabiha Parween
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| | - Robert J Henry
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
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31
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Zhu C, Box MS, Thiruppathi D, Hu H, Yu Y, Martin C, Doust AN, McSteen P, Kellogg EA. Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:715-734. [PMID: 35285930 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.14.464408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Zhu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Mathew S Box
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Callista Martin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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32
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Zhu C, Box MS, Thiruppathi D, Hu H, Yu Y, Martin C, Doust AN, McSteen P, Kellogg EA. Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:715-734. [PMID: 35285930 PMCID: PMC9157071 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Zhu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Mathew S Box
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Callista Martin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Siena LA, Azzaro CA, Podio M, Stein J, Leblanc O, Pessino SC, Ortiz JPA. The Auxin-Response Repressor IAA30 Is Down-Regulated in Reproductive Tissues of Apomictic Paspalum notatum. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111472. [PMID: 35684245 PMCID: PMC9182604 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The capacity for apomixis in Paspalum notatum is controlled by a single-dominant genomic region, which shows strong synteny to a portion of rice chromosome 12 long arm. The locus LOC_Os12g40890, encoding the Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) family member OsIAA30, is located in this rice genomic segment. The objectives of this work were to identify transcripts coding for Aux/IAA proteins expressed in reproductive tissues of P. notatum, detect the OsIAA30 putative ortholog and analyze its temporal and spatial expression pattern in reproductive organs of sexual and apomictic plants. Thirty-three transcripts coding for AUX/IAA proteins were identified. Predicted protein alignment and phylogenetic analysis detected a highly similar sequence to OsIAA30 (named as PnIAA30) present in both sexual and apomictic samples. The expression assays of PnIAA30 showed a significant down-regulation in apomictic spikelets compared to sexual ones at the stages of anthesis and post-anthesis, representation levels negatively correlated with apospory expressivity and different localizations in sexual and apomictic ovules. Several PnIAA30 predicted interactors also appeared differentially regulated in the sexual and apomictic floral transcriptomes. Our results showed that an auxin-response repressor similar to OsIAA30 is down-regulated in apomictic spikelets of P. notatum and suggests a contrasting regulation of auxin signaling during sexual and asexual seed formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Adelina Siena
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR) CONICET-UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campo Experimental Villarino, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; (L.A.S.); (C.A.A.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Celeste Antonela Azzaro
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR) CONICET-UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campo Experimental Villarino, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; (L.A.S.); (C.A.A.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Maricel Podio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR) CONICET-UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campo Experimental Villarino, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; (L.A.S.); (C.A.A.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Juliana Stein
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR) CONICET-UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campo Experimental Villarino, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; (L.A.S.); (C.A.A.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Olivier Leblanc
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Silvina Claudia Pessino
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR) CONICET-UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campo Experimental Villarino, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; (L.A.S.); (C.A.A.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Juan Pablo Amelio Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR) CONICET-UNR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campo Experimental Villarino, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla S2125ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina; (L.A.S.); (C.A.A.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (S.C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-341-4970080/85 (ext. 1180)
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Underwood CJ, Mercier R. Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:201-225. [PMID: 35138881 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-013958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species distributed across diverse plant families, it is absent in major crop species. Apomixis has a revolutionary potential in plant breeding, as it could allow the instant fixation and propagation though seeds of any plant genotype, most notably F1 hybrids. Mastering and implementing apomixis would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production, facilitate new types of hybrid breeding, and make it possible to harness hybrid vigor in crops that are not presently cultivated as hybrids. Synthetic apomixis can be engineered by combining modifications of meiosis and fertilization. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent major achievements toward the development of efficient apomictic systems usable in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
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Abstract
In angiosperms, double fertilization triggers the concomitant development of two closely juxtaposed tissues, the embryo and the endosperm. Successful seed development and germination require constant interactions between these tissues, which occur across their common interface. The embryo-endosperm interface is a complex and poorly understood compound apoplast comprising components derived from both tissues, across which nutrients transit to fuel embryo development. Interface properties, which affect molecular diffusion and thus communication, are themselves dynamically regulated by molecular and physical dialogues between the embryo and endosperm. We review the current understanding of embryo-endosperm interactions, with a focus on the structure, properties, and function of their shared interface. Concentrating on Arabidopsis, but with reference to other species, we aim to situate recent findings within the broader context of seed physiology, developmental biology, and genetic factors such as parental conflicts over resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M Doll
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwyneth C Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France;
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Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi M, Eskandari M, Torabi S, Torkamaneh D, Tulpan D, Rajcan I. Machine-Learning-Based Genome-Wide Association Studies for Uncovering QTL Underlying Soybean Yield and Its Components. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5538. [PMID: 35628351 PMCID: PMC9141736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) is currently one of the most recommended approaches for discovering marker-trait associations (MTAs) for complex traits in plant species. Insufficient statistical power is a limiting factor, especially in narrow genetic basis species, that conventional GWAS methods are suffering from. Using sophisticated mathematical methods such as machine learning (ML) algorithms may address this issue and advance the implication of this valuable genetic method in applied plant-breeding programs. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of two ML algorithms, support-vector machine (SVR) and random forest (RF), in a GWAS and compared them with two conventional methods of mixed linear models (MLM) and fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU), for identifying MTAs for soybean-yield components. In this study, important soybean-yield component traits, including the number of reproductive nodes (RNP), non-reproductive nodes (NRNP), total nodes (NP), and total pods (PP) per plant along with yield and maturity, were assessed using a panel of 227 soybean genotypes evaluated at two locations over two years (four environments). Using the SVR-mediated GWAS method, we were able to discover MTAs colocalized with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) with potential causal effects on the target traits, supported by the functional annotation of candidate gene analyses. This study demonstrated the potential benefit of using sophisticated mathematical approaches, such as SVR, in a GWAS to complement conventional GWAS methods for identifying MTAs that can improve the efficiency of genomic-based soybean-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Eskandari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.Y.-N.); (S.T.); (I.R.)
| | - Sepideh Torabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.Y.-N.); (S.T.); (I.R.)
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Dan Tulpan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Istvan Rajcan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.Y.-N.); (S.T.); (I.R.)
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37
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Flores-Duarte NJ, Pérez-Pérez J, Navarro-Torre S, Mateos-Naranjo E, Redondo-Gómez S, Pajuelo E, Rodríguez-Llorente ID. Improved Medicago sativa Nodulation under Stress Assisted by Variovorax sp. Endophytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11081091. [PMID: 35448819 PMCID: PMC9026315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are the recommended crops to fight against soil degradation and loss of fertility because of their known positive impacts on soils. Our interest is focused on the identification of plant-growth-promoting endophytes inhabiting nodules able to enhance legume growth in poor and/or degraded soils. The ability of Variovorax paradoxus S110T and Variovorax gossypii JM-310T to promote alfalfa growth in nutrient-poor and metal-contaminated estuarine soils was studied. Both strains behaved as nodule endophytes and improved in vitro seed germination and plant growth, as well as nodulation in co-inoculation with Ensifer medicae MA11. Variovorax ameliorated the physiological status of the plant, increased nodulation, chlorophyll and nitrogen content, and the response to stress and metal accumulation in the roots of alfalfa growing in degraded soils with moderate to high levels of contamination. The presence of plant-growth-promoting traits in Variovorax, particularly ACC deaminase activity, could be under the observed in planta effects. Although the couple V. gossypii-MA11 reported a great benefit to plant growth and nodulation, the best result was observed in plants inoculated with the combination of the three bacteria. These results suggest that Variovorax strains could be used as biofertilizers to improve the adaptation of legumes to degraded soils in soil-recovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noris J. Flores-Duarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Julia Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Salvadora Navarro-Torre
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
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Molecular Aspects of Seed Development Controlled by Gibberellins and Abscisic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031876. [PMID: 35163798 PMCID: PMC8837179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved seeds to permit the survival and dispersion of their lineages by providing nutrition for embryo growth and resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Seed formation is a complicated process that can be roughly divided into embryogenesis and the maturation phase, characterized by accumulation of storage compound, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, arrest of growth, and acquisition of dormancy. Concerted regulation of several signaling pathways, including hormonal and metabolic signals and gene networks, is required to accomplish seed formation. Recent studies have identified the major network of genes and hormonal signals in seed development, mainly in maturation. Gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acids (ABA) are recognized as the main hormones that antagonistically regulate seed development and germination. Especially, knowledge of the molecular mechanism of ABA regulation of seed maturation, including regulation of dormancy, accumulation of storage compounds, and desiccation tolerance, has been accumulated. However, the function of ABA and GA during embryogenesis still remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the sophisticated molecular networks of genes and signaling of GA and ABA in the regulation of seed development from embryogenesis to maturation.
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Wang W, Xiong H, Sun K, Zhang B, Sun MX. New insights into cell-cell communications during seed development in flowering plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:215-229. [PMID: 34473416 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of seeds is a major reason why flowering plants are a dominant life form on Earth. The developing seed is composed of two fertilization products, the embryo and endosperm, which are surrounded by a maternally derived seed coat. Accumulating evidence indicates that efficient communication among all three seed components is required to ensure coordinated seed development. Cell communication within plant seeds has drawn much attention in recent years. In this study, we review current knowledge of cross-talk among the endosperm, embryo, and seed coat during seed development, and highlight recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Zhang Y, Jiao F, Li J, Pei Y, Zhao M, Song X, Guo X. Transcriptomic analysis of the maize inbred line Chang7-2 and a large-grain mutant tc19. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:4. [PMID: 34983391 PMCID: PMC8725412 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Grain size is a key factor in crop yield that gradually develops after pollination. However, few studies have reported gene expression patterns in maize grain development using large-grain mutants. To investigate the developmental mechanisms of grain size, we analyzed a large-grain mutant, named tc19, at the morphological and transcriptome level at five stages corresponding to days after pollination (DAP). Results After maturation, the grain length, width, and thickness in tc19 were greater than that in Chang7-2 (control) and increased by 3.57, 8.80, and 3.88%, respectively. Further analysis showed that grain width and 100-kernel weight in tc19 was lower than in Chang7-2 at 14 and 21 DAP, but greater than that in Chang7-2 at 28 DAP, indicating that 21 to 28 DAP was the critical stage for kernel width and weight development. For all five stages, the concentrations of auxin and brassinosteroids were significantly higher in tc19 than in Chang7-2. Gibberellin was higher at 7, 14, and 21 DAP, and cytokinin was higher at 21 and 35 DAP, in tc19 than in Chang7-2. Through transcriptome analysis at 14, 21, and 28 DAP, we identified 2987, 2647 and 3209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tc19 and Chang7-2. By using KEGG analysis, 556, 500 and 633 DEGs at 14, 21 and 28 DAP were pathway annotated, respectively, 77 of them are related to plant hormone signal transduction pathway. ARF3, AO2, DWF4 and XTH are higher expressed in tc19 than that in Chang7-2. Conclusions We found some DEGs in maize grain development by using Chang7-2 and a large-grain mutant tc19. These DEGs have potential application value in improving maize performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08230-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Meiai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.,College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinmei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in Qingdao, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
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41
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Tiscareño-Andrade M, Oktaba K, Vielle-Calzada JP. Isolation of Boechera stricta Developing Embryos for Hi-C. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2512:249-257. [PMID: 35818009 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2429-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of analyzing chromatin topology in developing plant embryos is hampered by inaccessibility of the embryo sac, deeply embedded in the maternal seed tissue, following double fertilization. Here we describe a protocol to isolate, purify, and prepare developing Boechera stricta embryos for chromosome conformation capture-based methods as in situ Hi-C experiments. Early globular embryos can be isolated by air-pressure microaspiration, and subsequently washed to eliminate residual cells from the endosperm and maternal seed coat, allowing for pure sampling of selected stages of embryogenesis. This protocol allows for the possibility of comparing genome topology during plant embryonic differentiation since early until late embryo development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tiscareño-Andrade
- Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Mexico
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Katarzyna Oktaba
- Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Irapuato, Mexico.
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Jin SK, Zhang MQ, Leng YJ, Xu LN, Jia SW, Wang SL, Song T, Wang RA, Yang QQ, Tao T, Cai XL, Gao JP. OsNAC129 Regulates Seed Development and Plant Growth and Participates in the Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905148. [PMID: 35651773 PMCID: PMC9149566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Grain size and the endosperm starch content determine grain yield and quality in rice. Although these yield components have been intensively studied, their regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that loss-of-function of OsNAC129, a member of the NAC transcription factor gene family that has its highest expression in the immature seed, greatly increased grain length, grain weight, apparent amylose content (AAC), and plant height. Overexpression of OsNAC129 had the opposite effect, significantly decreasing grain width, grain weight, AAC, and plant height. Cytological observation of the outer epidermal cells of the lemma using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that increased grain length in the osnac129 mutant was due to increased cell length compared with wild-type (WT) plants. The expression of OsPGL1 and OsPGL2, two positive grain-size regulators that control cell elongation, was consistently upregulated in osnac129 mutant plants but downregulated in OsNAC129 overexpression plants. Furthermore, we also found that several starch synthase-encoding genes, including OsGBSSI, were upregulated in the osnac129 mutant and downregulated in the overexpression plants compared with WT plants, implying a negative regulatory role for OsNAC129 both in grain size and starch biosynthesis. Additionally, we found that the expression of OsNAC129 was induced exclusively by abscisic acid (ABA) in seedlings, but OsNAC129-overexpressing plants displayed reduced sensitivity to exogenous brassinolide (BR). Therefore, the results of our study demonstrate that OsNAC129 negatively regulates seed development and plant growth, and further suggest that OsNAC129 participates in the BR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kui Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Wen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-Lian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-An Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiu-Ling Cai,
| | - Ji-Ping Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ji-Ping Gao,
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Ding X, Jia X, Xiang Y, Jiang W. Histone Modification and Chromatin Remodeling During the Seed Life Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865361. [PMID: 35548305 PMCID: PMC9083068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for the reproduction and dispersion of spermatophytes. The seed life cycle from seed development to seedling establishment proceeds through a series of defined stages regulated by distinctive physiological and biochemical mechanisms. The role of histone modification and chromatin remodeling in seed behavior has been intensively studied in recent years. In this review, we summarize progress in elucidating the regulatory network of these two kinds of epigenetic regulation during the seed life cycle, especially in two model plants, rice and Arabidopsis. Particular emphasis is placed on epigenetic effects on primary tissue formation (e.g., the organized development of embryo and endosperm), pivotal downstream gene expression (e.g., transcription of DOG1 in seed dormancy and repression of seed maturation genes in seed-to-seedling transition), and environmental responses (e.g., seed germination in response to different environmental cues). Future prospects for understanding of intricate interplay of epigenetic pathways and the epigenetic mechanisms in other commercial species are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Jia
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Jiang,
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D’Apice G, Moschin S, Araniti F, Nigris S, Di Marzo M, Muto A, Banfi C, Bruno L, Colombo L, Baldan B. The role of pollination in controlling Ginkgo biloba ovule development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2353-2368. [PMID: 34558676 PMCID: PMC9292720 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generally, in gymnosperms, pollination and fertilization events are temporally separated and the developmental processes leading the switch from ovule integument into seed coat are still unknown. The single ovule integument of Ginkgo biloba acquires the typical characteristics of the seed coat long before the fertilization event. In this study, we investigated whether pollination triggers the transformation of the ovule integument into the seed coat. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses performed on ovules just prior and after pollination lead to the identification of changes occurring in Ginkgo ovules during this specific time. A morphological atlas describing the developmental stages of ovule development is presented. The metabolic pathways involved in the lignin biosynthesis and in the production of fatty acids are activated upon pollination, suggesting that the ovule integument starts its differentiation into a seed coat before the fertilization. Omics analyses allowed an accurate description of the main changes that occur in Ginkgo ovules during the pollination time frame, suggesting the crucial role of the pollen arrival on the progression of ovule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta D’Apice
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
| | | | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST)University of CalabriaArcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Camilla Banfi
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST)University of CalabriaArcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
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Zhou YF, Zhang YC, Sun YM, Yu Y, Lei MQ, Yang YW, Lian JP, Feng YZ, Zhang Z, Yang L, He RR, Huang JH, Cheng Y, Liu YW, Chen YQ. The parent-of-origin lncRNA MISSEN regulates rice endosperm development. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6525. [PMID: 34764271 PMCID: PMC8585977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cereal endosperm is a major factor determining seed size and shape. However, the molecular mechanisms of endosperm development are not fully understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in various biological processes. Here we show a lncRNA, MISSEN, that plays an essential role in early endosperm development in rice (Oryza sativa). MISSEN is a parent-of-origin lncRNA expressed in endosperm, and negatively regulates endosperm development, leading to a prominent dent and bulge in the seed. Mechanistically, MISSEN functions through hijacking a helicase family protein (HeFP) to regulate tubulin function during endosperm nucleus division and endosperm cellularization, resulting in abnormal cytoskeletal polymerization. Finally, we revealed that the expression of MISSEN is inhibited by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification after pollination. Therefore, MISSEN is the first lncRNA identified as a regulator in endosperm development, highlighting the potential applications in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qi Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zhao Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Rui He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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Osadchuk K, Cheng CL, Irish EE. The integration of leaf-derived signals sets the timing of vegetative phase change in maize, a process coordinated by epigenetic remodeling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111035. [PMID: 34620439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After germination, the maize shoot proceeds through a series of developmental stages before flowering. The first transition occurs during the vegetative phase where the shoot matures from the juvenile to the adult phase, called vegetative phase change (VPC). In maize, both phases exhibit easily-scored morphological characteristics, facilitating the elucidation of molecular mechanisms directing the characteristic gene expression patterns and resulting physiological features of each phase. miR156 expression is high during the juvenile phase, suppressing expression of squamosa promoter binding proteins/SBP-like transcription factors and miR172. The decline in miR156 and subsequent increase in miR172 expression marks the transition into the adult phase, where miR172 represses transcripts that confer juvenile traits. Leaf-derived signals attenuate miR156 expression and thus the duration of the juvenile phase. As found in other species, VPC in maize utilizes signals that consist of hormones, stress, and sugar to direct epigenetic modifiers. In this review we identify the intersection of leaf-derived signaling with components that contribute to the epigenetic changes which may, in turn, manage the distinct global gene expression patterns of each phase. In maize, published research regarding chromatin remodeling during VPC is minimal. Therefore, we identified epigenetic regulators in the maize genome and, using published gene expression data and research from other plant species, identify VPC candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Osadchuk
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chi-Lien Cheng
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erin E Irish
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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47
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Rolletschek H, Mayer S, Boughton B, Wagner S, Ortleb S, Kiel C, Roessner U, Borisjuk L. The metabolic environment of the developing embryo: A multidisciplinary approach on oilseed rapeseed. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153505. [PMID: 34481359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassicaceae seeds consist of three genetically distinct structures: the embryo, endosperm and seed coat, all of which are involved in assimilate allocation during seed development. The complexity of their metabolic interrelations remains unresolved to date. In the present study, we apply state-of-the-art imaging and analytical approaches to assess the metabolic environment of the Brassica napus embryo. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided volumetric data on the living embryo and endosperm, revealing how the endosperm envelops the embryo, determining endosperm's priority in assimilate uptake from the seed coat during early development. MRI analysis showed higher levels of sugars in the peripheral endosperm facing the seed coat, but a lower sugar content within the central vacuole and the region surrounding the embryo. Feeding intact siliques with 13C-labeled sucrose allowed tracing of the post-phloem route of sucrose transfer within the seed at the heart stage of embryogenesis, by means of mass spectrometry imaging. Quantification of over 70 organic and inorganic compounds in the endosperm revealed shifts in their abundance over different stages of development, while sugars and potassium were the main determinants of osmolality throughout these stages. Our multidisciplinary approach allows access to the hidden aspects of endosperm metabolism, a task which remains unattainable for the small-seeded model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Simon Mayer
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Berin Boughton
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Stefan Ortleb
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Christina Kiel
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
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48
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Stein RE, Nauerth BH, Binmöller L, Zühl L, Loreth A, Reinert M, Ibberson D, Schmidt A. RH17 restricts reproductive fate and represses autonomous seed coat development in sexual Arabidopsis. Development 2021; 148:272091. [PMID: 34495331 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant sexual and asexual reproduction through seeds (apomixis) is tightly controlled by complex gene regulatory programs, which are not yet fully understood. Recent findings suggest that RNA helicases are required for plant germline development. This resembles their crucial roles in animals, where they are involved in controlling gene activity and the maintenance of genome integrity. Here, we identified previously unknown roles of Arabidopsis RH17 during reproductive development. Interestingly, RH17 is involved in repression of reproductive fate and of elements of seed development in the absence of fertilization. In lines carrying a mutant rh17 allele, development of supernumerary reproductive cell lineages in the female flower tissues (ovules) was observed, occasionally leading to formation of two embryos per seed. Furthermore, seed coat, and putatively also endosperm development, frequently initiated autonomously. Such induction of several features phenocopying distinct elements of apomixis by a single mutation is unusual and suggests that RH17 acts in regulatory control of plant reproductive development. Furthermore, an in-depth understanding of its action might be of use for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Eric Stein
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berit Helge Nauerth
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Binmöller
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luise Zühl
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Loreth
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reinert
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Ibberson
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schmidt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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Chen B, Fiers M, Dekkers BJW, Maas L, van Esse GW, Angenent GC, Zhao Y, Boutilier K. ABA signalling promotes cell totipotency in the shoot apex of germinating embryos. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6418-6436. [PMID: 34175924 PMCID: PMC8483786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a type of induced cell totipotency where embryos develop from vegetative tissues of the plant instead of from gamete fusion after fertilization. SE can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to growth regulators, such as the auxinic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been proposed to be a downstream signalling component at the intersection between 2,4-D- and stress-induced SE, but it is not known how these pathways interact to induce cell totipotency. Here we show that 2,4-D-induced SE from the shoot apex of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds is characterized by transcriptional maintenance of an ABA-dependent seed maturation pathway. Molecular-genetic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants revealed a role for ABA in promoting SE at three different levels: ABA biosynthesis, ABA receptor complex signalling, and ABA-mediated transcription, with essential roles for the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI4 transcription factors. Our data suggest that the ability of mature Arabidopsis embryos to maintain the ABA seed maturation environment is an important first step in establishing competence for auxin-induced cell totipotency. This finding provides further support for the role of ABA in directing processes other than abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Chen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Fiers
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas J W Dekkers
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, AA, Netherlands
| | - Lena Maas
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - G Wilma van Esse
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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50
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Chen J, Yan Q, Li J, Feng L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Xia R, Zeng Z, Liu Y. The GRAS gene family and its roles in seed development in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:423. [PMID: 34535087 PMCID: PMC8447652 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GRAS gene family plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes of plant growth, including seed development, which is related to seedless traits of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). However, it hasn't been fully identified and analyzed in litchi, an economic fruit tree cultivated in subtropical regions. RESULTS In this study, 48 LcGRAS proteins were identified and termed according to their chromosomal location. LcGRAS proteins can be categorized into 14 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and conserved domain analysis revealed that different subfamilies harbored various motif patterns, suggesting their functional diversity. Synteny analysis revealed that the expansion of the GRAS family in litchi may be driven by their tandem and segmental duplication. After comprehensively analysing degradome data, we found that four LcGRAS genes belong to HAM subfamily were regulated via miR171-mediated degradation. The various expression patterns of LcGRAS genes in different tissues uncovered they were involved in different biological processes. Moreover, the different temporal expression profiles of LcGRAS genes between abortive and bold seed indicated some of them were involved in maintaining the normal development of the seed. CONCLUSION Our study provides comprehensive analyses on GRAS family members in litchi, insight into a better understanding of the roles of GRAS in litchi development, and lays the foundation for further investigations on litchi seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture / Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratary of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research / Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zaohai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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