1
|
Chan D, Baker KD, Richardson R. The impact of chronic fluoxetine treatment in adolescence or adulthood on context fear memory and perineuronal nets. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22501. [PMID: 38807259 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine (Prozac), are commonly prescribed pharmacotherapies for anxiety. Fluoxetine may be a useful adjunct because it can reduce the expression of learned fear in adult rodents. This effect is associated with altered expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the amygdala and hippocampus, two brain regions that regulate fear. However, it is unknown whether fluoxetine has similar effects in adolescents. Here, we investigated the effect of fluoxetine exposure during adolescence or adulthood on context fear memory and PNNs in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, and the medial prefrontal cortex in rats. Fluoxetine impaired context fear memory in adults but not in adolescents. Further, fluoxetine increased the number of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons surrounded by a PNN in the BLA and CA1, but not in the medial prefrontal cortex, at both ages. Contrary to previous reports, fluoxetine did not shift the percentage of PNNs toward non-PV cells in either the BLA or CA1 in the adults, or adolescents. These findings demonstrate that fluoxetine differentially affects fear memory in adolescent and adult rats but does not appear to have age-specific effects on PNNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chan
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn D Baker
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rick Richardson
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schreurs BG, O'Dell DE, Wang D. The Role of Cerebellar Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Perineuronal Nets in Eyeblink Conditioning. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:200. [PMID: 38534469 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is strong that, in addition to fine motor control, there is an important role for the cerebellum in cognition and emotion. The deep nuclei of the mammalian cerebellum also contain the highest density of perineural nets-mesh-like structures that surround neurons-in the brain, and it appears there may be a connection between these nets and cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory. Here, we review how the cerebellum is involved in eyeblink conditioning-a particularly well-understood form of learning and memory-and focus on the role of perineuronal nets in intrinsic membrane excitability and synaptic plasticity that underlie eyeblink conditioning. We explore the development and role of perineuronal nets and the in vivo and in vitro evidence that manipulations of the perineuronal net in the deep cerebellar nuclei affect eyeblink conditioning. Together, these findings provide evidence of an important role for perineuronal net in learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard G Schreurs
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Deidre E O'Dell
- Department of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pennsylvania Western (PennWest) University, California, PA 15419, USA
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wéber I, Dakos A, Mészár Z, Matesz C, Birinyi A. Developmental patterns of extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1369103. [PMID: 38496826 PMCID: PMC10940344 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1369103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development requires continuous communication between developing neurons and their environment filled by a complex network referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is divided into distinct families of molecules including hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, glycoproteins such as tenascins, and link proteins. In this study, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain by using antibodies and lectin histochemistry. In the embryo, hyaluronan and neurocan were found in high amounts until the time of birth whereas versican and tenascin-R were detected in lower intensities during the whole embryonic period. After birth, both hyaluronic acid and neurocan still produced intense staining in almost all areas of the hindbrain, while tenascin-R labeling showed a continuous increase during postnatal development. The reaction with WFA and aggrecan was revealed first 4th postnatal day (P4) with low staining intensities, while HAPLN was detected two weeks after birth (P14). The perineuronal net appeared first around the facial and vestibular neurons at P4 with hyaluronic acid cytochemistry. One week after birth aggrecan, neurocan, tenascin-R, and WFA were also accumulated around the neurons located in several hindbrain nuclei, but HAPLN1 was detected on the second postnatal week. Our results provide further evidence that many extracellular macromolecules that will be incorporated into the perineuronal net are already expressed at embryonic and early postnatal stages of development to control differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis of neurons. In late postnatal period, the experience-driven neuronal activity induces formation of perineuronal net to stabilize synaptic connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Wéber
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adél Dakos
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Birinyi
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elder GA, Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Perez Garcia G, Perez GM, Abutarboush R, Kawoos U, Zhu CW, Janssen WGM, Stone JR, Hof PR, Cook DG, Ahlers ST. The Neurovascular Unit as a Locus of Injury in Low-Level Blast-Induced Neurotrauma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1150. [PMID: 38256223 PMCID: PMC10816929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced neurotrauma has received much attention over the past decade. Vascular injury occurs early following blast exposure. Indeed, in animal models that approximate human mild traumatic brain injury or subclinical blast exposure, vascular pathology can occur in the presence of a normal neuropil, suggesting that the vasculature is particularly vulnerable. Brain endothelial cells and their supporting glial and neuronal elements constitute a neurovascular unit (NVU). Blast injury disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular connections in addition to damaging endothelial cells, basal laminae, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes as well as causing extracellular matrix reorganization. Perivascular pathology becomes associated with phospho-tau accumulation and chronic perivascular inflammation. Disruption of the NVU should impact activity-dependent regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier permeability, and glymphatic flow. Here, we review work in an animal model of low-level blast injury that we have been studying for over a decade. We review work supporting the NVU as a locus of low-level blast injury. We integrate our findings with those from other laboratories studying similar models that collectively suggest that damage to astrocytes and other perivascular cells as well as chronic immune activation play a role in the persistent neurobehavioral changes that follow blast injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Elder
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.G.S.); (R.D.G.)
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.W.Z.); (P.R.H.)
| | - Miguel A. Gama Sosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.G.S.); (R.D.G.)
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.G.S.); (R.D.G.)
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA;
| | - Georgina Perez Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA;
| | - Gissel M. Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA;
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical ResearchCommand, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.A.); (U.K.); (S.T.A.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical ResearchCommand, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.A.); (U.K.); (S.T.A.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carolyn W. Zhu
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.W.Z.); (P.R.H.)
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA;
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William G. M. Janssen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James R. Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, 480 Ray C Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.W.Z.); (P.R.H.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David G. Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical ResearchCommand, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.A.); (U.K.); (S.T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanchez B, Kraszewski P, Lee S, Cope EC. From molecules to behavior: Implications for perineuronal net remodeling in learning and memory. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 38158878 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) structures found throughout the central nervous system that regulate plasticity. They consist of a heterogeneous mix of ECM components that form lattice-like structures enwrapping the cell body and proximal dendrites of particular neurons. During development, accumulating research has shown that the closure of various critical periods of plasticity is strongly linked to experience-driven PNN formation and maturation. PNNs provide an interface for synaptic contacts within the holes of the structure, generally promoting synaptic stabilization and restricting the formation of new synaptic connections in the adult brain. In this way, they impact both synaptic structure and function, ultimately influencing higher cognitive processes. PNNs are highly plastic structures, changing their composition and distribution throughout life and in response to various experiences and memory disorders, thus serving as a substrate for experience- and disease-dependent cognitive function. In this review, we delve into the proposed mechanisms by which PNNs shape plasticity and memory function, highlighting the potential impact of their structural components, overall architecture, and dynamic remodeling on functional outcomes in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Piotr Kraszewski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Sabrina Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Elise C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lemieux SP, Lev-Ram V, Tsien RY, Ellisman MH. Perineuronal nets and the neuronal extracellular matrix can be imaged by genetically encoded labeling of HAPLN1 in vitro and in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569151. [PMID: 38076839 PMCID: PMC10705503 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal extracellular matrix (ECM) and a specific form of ECM called the perineuronal net (PNN) are important structures for central nervous system (CNS) integrity and synaptic plasticity. PNNs are distinctive, dense extracellular structures that surround parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons with openings at mature synapses. Enzyme-mediated PNN disruption can erase established memories and re-open critical periods in animals, suggesting that PNNs are important for memory stabilization and conservation. Here, we characterized the structure and distribution of several ECM/PNN molecules around neurons in culture, brain slice, and whole mouse brain. While specific lectins are well-established as PNN markers and label a distinct, fenestrated structure around PV neurons, we show that other CNS neurons possess similar extracellular structures assembled around hyaluronic acid, suggesting a PNN-like structure of different composition that is more widespread. We additionally report that genetically encoded labeling of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) reveals a PNN-like structure around many neurons in vitro and in vivo. Our findings add to our understanding of neuronal extracellular structures and describe a new mouse model for monitoring live ECM dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakina P. Lemieux
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
| | - Varda Lev-Ram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carceller H, Gramuntell Y, Klimczak P, Nacher J. Perineuronal Nets: Subtle Structures with Large Implications. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:569-590. [PMID: 35872660 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized structures of the extracellular matrix that surround the soma and proximal dendrites of certain neurons in the central nervous system, particularly parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Their appearance overlaps the maturation of neuronal circuits and the closure of critical periods in different regions of the brain, setting their connectivity and abruptly reducing their plasticity. As a consequence, the digestion of PNNs, as well as the removal or manipulation of their components, leads to a boost in this plasticity and can play a key role in the functional recovery from different insults and in the etiopathology of certain neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Here we review the structure, composition, and distribution of PNNs and their variation throughout the evolutive scale. We also discuss methodological approaches to study these structures. The function of PNNs during neurodevelopment and adulthood is discussed, as well as the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on these specialized regions of the extracellular matrix. Finally, we review current data on alterations in PNNs described in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), focusing on psychiatric disorders. Together, all the data available point to the PNNs as a promising target to understand the physiology and pathologic conditions of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dzyubenko E, Willig KI, Yin D, Sardari M, Tokmak E, Labus P, Schmermund B, Hermann DM. Structural changes in perineuronal nets and their perforating GABAergic synapses precede motor coordination recovery post stroke. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:76. [PMID: 37658339 PMCID: PMC10474719 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke remains one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide, and the development of effective restorative therapies is hindered by an incomplete understanding of intrinsic brain recovery mechanisms. Growing evidence indicates that the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) has major implications for neuroplasticity. Here we explored how perineuronal nets (PNNs), the facet-like ECM layers surrounding fast-spiking interneurons, contribute to neurological recovery after focal cerebral ischemia in mice with and without induced stroke tolerance. METHODS We investigated the structural remodeling of PNNs after stroke using 3D superresolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) and structured illumination (SR-SIM) microscopy. Superresolution imaging allowed for the precise reconstruction of PNN morphology using graphs, which are mathematical constructs designed for topological analysis. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO). PNN-associated synapses and contacts with microglia/macrophages were quantified using high-resolution confocal microscopy. RESULTS PNNs undergo transient structural changes after stroke allowing for the dynamic reorganization of GABAergic input to motor cortical L5 interneurons. The coherent remodeling of PNNs and their perforating inhibitory synapses precedes the recovery of motor coordination after stroke and depends on the severity of the ischemic injury. Morphological alterations in PNNs correlate with the increased surface of contact between activated microglia/macrophages and PNN-coated neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a novel mechanism of post stroke neuroplasticity involving the tripartite interaction between PNNs, synapses, and microglia/macrophages. We propose that prolonging PNN loosening during the post-acute period can extend the opening neuroplasticity window into the chronic stroke phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egor Dzyubenko
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Katrin I Willig
- Group of Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dongpei Yin
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Maryam Sardari
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Erdin Tokmak
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Patrick Labus
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ben Schmermund
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Druga R, Salaj M, Al-Redouan A. Parvalbumin - Positive Neurons in the Neocortex: A Review. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S173-S191. [PMID: 37565421 PMCID: PMC10660579 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the mammalian neocortex is expressed in a subpopulation of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. PV - producing interneurons represent the largest subpopulation of neocortical inhibitory cells, exhibit mutual chemical and electrical synaptic contacts and are well known to generate gamma oscillation. This review summarizes basic data of the distribution, afferent and efferent connections and physiological properties of parvalbumin expressing neurons in the neocortex. Basic data about participation of PV-positive neurons in cortical microcircuits are presented. Autaptic connections, metabolism and perineuronal nets (PNN) of PV positive neurons are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Druga
- Department of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang H, Joffrin AM, Zhao Y, Miller GM, Zhang GC, Oka Y, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Chondroitin 4- O-sulfation regulates hippocampal perineuronal nets and social memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301312120. [PMID: 37279269 PMCID: PMC10268298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301312120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan alterations are associated with aging, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases, although the contributions of specific glycan structures to emotion and cognitive functions remain largely unknown. Here, we used a combination of chemistry and neurobiology to show that 4-O-sulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS) polysaccharides are critical regulators of perineuronal nets (PNNs) and synapse development in the mouse hippocampus, thereby affecting anxiety and cognitive abilities such as social memory. Brain-specific deletion of CS 4-O-sulfation in mice increased PNN densities in the area CA2 (cornu ammonis 2), leading to imbalanced excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic ratios, reduced CREB activation, elevated anxiety, and social memory dysfunction. The impairments in PNN densities, CREB activity, and social memory were recapitulated by selective ablation of CS 4-O-sulfation in the CA2 region during adulthood. Notably, enzymatic pruning of the excess PNNs reduced anxiety levels and restored social memory, while chemical manipulation of CS 4-O-sulfation levels reversibly modulated PNN densities surrounding hippocampal neurons and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. These findings reveal key roles for CS 4-O-sulfation in adult brain plasticity, social memory, and anxiety regulation, and they suggest that targeting CS 4-O-sulfation may represent a strategy to address neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases associated with social cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, China
| | - Amélie M. Joffrin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Grace C. Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Yuki Oka
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akitake B, Douglas HM, LaFosse PK, Beiran M, Deveau CE, O'Rawe J, Li AJ, Ryan LN, Duffy SP, Zhou Z, Deng Y, Rajan K, Histed MH. Amplified cortical neural responses as animals learn to use novel activity patterns. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2163-2174.e4. [PMID: 37148876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cortex supports representations of the world in patterns of neural activity, used by the brain to make decisions and guide behavior. Past work has found diverse, or limited, changes in the primary sensory cortex in response to learning, suggesting that the key computations might occur in downstream regions. Alternatively, sensory cortical changes may be central to learning. We studied cortical learning by using controlled inputs we insert: we trained mice to recognize entirely novel, non-sensory patterns of cortical activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) created by optogenetic stimulation. As animals learned to use these novel patterns, we found that their detection abilities improved by an order of magnitude or more. The behavioral change was accompanied by large increases in V1 neural responses to fixed optogenetic input. Neural response amplification to novel optogenetic inputs had little effect on existing visual sensory responses. A recurrent cortical model shows that this amplification can be achieved by a small mean shift in recurrent network synaptic strength. Amplification would seem to be desirable to improve decision-making in a detection task; therefore, these results suggest that adult recurrent cortical plasticity plays a significant role in improving behavioral performance during learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Akitake
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hannah M Douglas
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul K LaFosse
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manuel Beiran
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ciana E Deveau
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan O'Rawe
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna J Li
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren N Ryan
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel P Duffy
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhishang Zhou
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanting Deng
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kanaka Rajan
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mark H Histed
- Unit on Neural Computation and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lev-Ram V, Lemieux SP, Deerinck TJ, Bushong EA, Toyama BH, Perez A, Pritchard DR, Park SKR, McClatchy DB, Savas JN, Taylor SS, Ellisman MH, Yates J, Tsien RY. Do perineuronal nets stabilize the engram of a synaptic circuit? BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.09.536164. [PMID: 37066274 PMCID: PMC10104172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.09.536164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN), a specialized form of ECM (?), surround numerous neurons in the CNS and allow synaptic connectivity through holes in its structure. We hypothesis that PNNs serve as gatekeepers that guard and protect synaptic territory, and thus may stabilize an engram circuit. We present high-resolution, and 3D EM images of PNN- engulfed neurons showing that synapses occupy the PNN holes, and that invasion of other cellular components are rare. PNN constituents are long-lived and can be eroded faster in an enriched environment, while synaptic proteins have high turnover rate. Preventing PNN erosion by using pharmacological inhibition of PNN-modifying proteases or MMP9 knockout mice allowed normal fear memory acquisition but diminished remote-memory stabilization, supporting the above hypothesis. Significance In this multidisciplinary work, we challenge the hypothesis that the pattern of holes in the perineuronal nets (PNN) hold the code for very-long-term memories. The scope of this work might lead us closer to the understanding of how we can vividly remember events from childhood to death bed. We postulate that the PNN holes hold the code for the engram. To test this hypothesis, we used three independent experimental strategies; high-resolution 3D electron microscopy, Stable Isotop Labeling in Mammals (SILAM) for proteins longevity, and pharmacologically and genetically interruption of memory consolidation in fear conditioning experiments. All of these experimental results did not dispute the PNN hypothesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto parvalbumin interneurons mediated by perineuronal net might contribute to cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109382. [PMID: 36543316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly defined as diffuse brain dysfunction and can manifest as delirium to coma. Accumulating evidence has suggested that perineuronal net (PNN) plays an important role in the modulation of the synaptic plasticity of central nervous system. We here investigated the role of PNN in SAE induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Behavioral tests were performed by open field, Y-maze, and fear conditioning tests at the indicated time points. The densities of vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter, vesicular glutamate transporter 1, PNN, and parvalbumin (PV) in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) expression and its activity were detected by Western blot and gel zymography, respectively. Local field potential was recorded by in vivo electrophysiology. LPS-treated mice displayed significant cognitive impairments, coincided with activated MMP-9, decreased PNN and PV densities, reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto PV interneurons enwrapped by PNN, and decreased gamma oscillations in hippocampal CA1. Notably, MMP-9 inhibitor SB-3CT treatment rescued most of these abnormalities. Taken together, our study demonstrates that active MMP-9 mediated PNN remodeling, leading to reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto PV interneurons and abnormal gamma oscillations in hippocampal CA1, which consequently contributed to cognitive impairments after LPS injection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu P, Zhao Y, Xiong W, Pan Y, Zhu M, Zhu X. Degradation of Perineuronal Nets in the Cerebellar Interpositus Nucleus Ameliorated Social Deficits in Shank3-deficient Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 511:29-38. [PMID: 36587867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are structures that contain extracellular matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and surround the soma and dendrites of various neuronal cell types. They are involved in synaptic plasticity and undertake important physiological functions. Altered expression of PNNs has been demonstrated in the brains of autism-related animal models. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the PNNs in the cerebellum are involved in modulating social and repetitive/inflexible behaviors in Shank3B-/- mice, an established animal model of autism spectrum disorder. First, we performed wisteria floribunda agglutinin staining of the whole brain of Shank3B-/- mice, and found wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive PNNs are significantly increased in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IntP) in Shank3B-/- mice compared to control littermates. After degradation of PNNs in the IntP by chondroitinase ABC, the repetitive behaviors of Shank3B-/- mice were decreased, while their social behaviors were ameliorated. These results suggested that PNNs homeostasis is involved in the regulation of social behavior, revealing a potential therapeutic strategy targeting PNNs in the IntP for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulu Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenchao Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yida Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minzhen Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu L, Zhang Y, Men S, Li X, Hou ST, Ju J. Elimination of perineuronal nets in CA1 disrupts GABA release and long-term contextual fear memory retention. Hippocampus 2023. [PMID: 36709413 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) which mostly surround the parvalbumin (PV) neurons, have been shown to play critical roles in neural plasticity. Recently, PNNs have been shown to regulate fear-associated memory, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that removal of PNNs in vivo using chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) injection resulted in reduced firing rate of PV neurons and decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in both PV neurons and excitatory neurons in the CA1 hippocampus. Interestingly, altered synaptic transmission appears to be mediated by presynaptic changes. Furthermore, ChABC treatment disrupts long-term contextual fear memory retention. These results suggest PNNs might alter fear memory by reducing the presynaptic GABA release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- The Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Men
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Ju
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mueller-Buehl C, Wegrzyn D, Bauch J, Faissner A. Regulation of the E/I-balance by the neural matrisome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102334. [PMID: 37143468 PMCID: PMC10151766 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cortex a proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is fundamental for cognitive functions. Especially γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-releasing interneurons regulate the activity of excitatory projection neurons which form the second main class of neurons in the cortex. During development, the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons goes along with the formation of net-like structures covering their soma and proximal dendrites. These so-called perineuronal nets (PNNs) represent a specialized form of the extracellular matrix (ECM, also designated as matrisome) that stabilize structural synapses but prevent the formation of new connections. Consequently, PNNs are highly involved in the regulation of the synaptic balance. Previous studies revealed that the formation of perineuronal nets is accompanied by an establishment of mature neuronal circuits and by a closure of critical windows of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, it has been shown that PNNs differentially impinge the integrity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders alterations of PNNs were described and aroused more attention in the last years. The following review gives an update about the role of PNNs for the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and summarizes recent findings about the impact of PNNs in different neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia or epilepsy. A targeted manipulation of PNNs might provide an interesting new possibility to indirectly modulate the synaptic balance and the E/I ratio in pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Brown TE, Sorg BA. Net gain and loss: influence of natural rewards and drugs of abuse on perineuronal nets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:3-20. [PMID: 35568740 PMCID: PMC9700711 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Overindulgence, excessive consumption, and a pattern of compulsive use of natural rewards, such as certain foods or drugs of abuse, may result in the development of obesity or substance use disorder, respectively. Natural rewards and drugs of abuse can trigger similar changes in the neurobiological substrates that drive food- and drug-seeking behaviors. This review examines the impact natural rewards and drugs of abuse have on perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are specialized extracellular matrix structures that ensheathe certain neurons during development over the critical period to provide synaptic stabilization and a protective microenvironment for the cells they surround. This review also analyzes how natural rewards and drugs of abuse impact the density and maturation of PNNs within reward-associated circuitry of the brain, which may contribute to maladaptive food- and drug-seeking behaviors. Finally, we evaluate the relatively few studies that have degraded PNNs to perturb reward-seeking behaviors. Taken together, this review sheds light on the complex way PNNs are regulated by natural rewards and drugs and highlights a need for future studies to delineate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the modification and maintenance of PNNs following exposure to rewarding stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Brown
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, 97232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruzicka J, Dalecka M, Safrankova K, Peretti D, Jendelova P, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW. Perineuronal nets affect memory and learning after synapse withdrawal. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:480. [PMID: 36379919 PMCID: PMC9666654 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) enwrap mature neurons, playing a role in the control of plasticity and synapse dynamics. PNNs have been shown to have effects on memory formation, retention and extinction in a variety of animal models. It has been proposed that the cavities in PNNs, which contain synapses, can act as a memory store and that they remain stable after events that cause synaptic withdrawal such as anoxia or hibernation. We examine this idea by monitoring place memory before and after synaptic withdrawal caused by acute hibernation-like state (HLS). Animals lacking hippocampal PNNs due to enzymatic digestion by chondroitinase ABC or knockout of the PNN component aggrecan were compared with wild type controls. HLS-induced synapse withdrawal caused a memory deficit, but not to the level of untreated naïve animals and not worsened by PNN attenuation. After HLS, only animals lacking PNNs showed memory restoration or relearning. Absence of PNNs affected the restoration of excitatory synapses on PNN-bearing neurons. The results support a role for hippocampal PNNs in learning, but not in long-term memory storage for correction of deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Ruzicka
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dalecka
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Imaging Methods Core Facility, BIOCEV, CAS, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Safrankova
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Peretti
- grid.5335.00000000121885934UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James W. Fawcett
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.5335.00000000121885934John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sánchez-Ventura J, Canal C, Hidalgo J, Penas C, Navarro X, Torres-Espin A, Fouad K, Udina E. Aberrant perineuronal nets alter spinal circuits, impair motor function, and increase plasticity. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114220. [PMID: 36064003 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix that have been extensively studied in the brain. Cortical PNNs are implicated in synaptic stabilization, plasticity inhibition, neuroprotection, and ionic buffering. However, the role of spinal PNNs, mainly found around motoneurons, is still unclear. Thus, the goal of this study is to elucidate the role of spinal PNNs on motor function and plasticity in both intact and spinal cord injured mice. We used transgenic mice lacking the cartilage link protein 1 (Crtl1 KO mice), which is implicated in PNN assembly. Crtl1 KO mice showed disorganized PNNs with an altered proportion of their components in both motor cortex and spinal cord. Behavioral and electrophysiological tests revealed motor impairments and hyperexcitability of spinal reflexes in Crtl1 KO compared to WT mice. These functional outcomes were accompanied by an increase in excitatory synapses around spinal motoneurons. Moreover, following spinal lesions of the corticospinal tract, Crtl1 KO mice showed increased contralateral sprouting compared to WT mice. Altogether, the lack of Crtl1 generates aberrant PNNs that alter excitatory synapses and change the physiological properties of motoneurons, overall altering spinal circuits and producing motor impairment. This disorganization generates a permissive scenario for contralateral axons to sprout after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sánchez-Ventura
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Canal
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Hidalgo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Penas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - X Navarro
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Torres-Espin
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Udina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fawcett JW, Fyhn M, Jendelova P, Kwok JCF, Ruzicka J, Sorg BA. The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3192-3203. [PMID: 35760878 PMCID: PMC9708575 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All components of the CNS are surrounded by a diffuse extracellular matrix (ECM) containing chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs), hyaluronan, various glycoproteins including tenascins and thrombospondin, and many other molecules that are secreted into the ECM and bind to ECM components. In addition, some neurons, particularly inhibitory GABAergic parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons, are surrounded by a more condensed cartilage-like ECM called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs surround the soma and proximal dendrites as net-like structures that surround the synapses. Attention has focused on the role of PNNs in the control of plasticity, but it is now clear that PNNs also play an important part in the modulation of memory. In this review we summarize the role of the ECM, particularly the PNNs, in the control of various types of memory and their participation in memory pathology. PNNs are now being considered as a target for the treatment of impaired memory. There are many potential treatment targets in PNNs, mainly through modulation of the sulphation, binding, and production of the various CSPGs that they contain or through digestion of their sulphated glycosaminoglycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marianne Fyhn
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jiri Ruzicka
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Atypical perineuronal nets in the CA2 region interfere with social memory in a mouse model of social dysfunction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3520-3531. [PMID: 34183768 PMCID: PMC8712624 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social memory dysfunction is an especially devastating symptom of many neuropsychiatric disorders, which makes understanding the cellular and molecular processes that contribute to such abnormalities important. Evidence suggests that the hippocampus, particularly the CA2 region, plays an important role in social memory. We sought to identify potential mechanisms of social memory dysfunction in the hippocampus by investigating features of neurons, glia, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of BTBR mice, an inbred mouse strain with deficient social memory. The CA2 is known to receive inputs from dentate gyrus adult-born granule cells (abGCs), neurons known to participate in social memory, so we examined this cell population and found fewer abGCs, as well as fewer axons from abGCs in the CA2 of BTBR mice compared to controls. We also found that BTBR mice had fewer pyramidal cell dendritic spines, in addition to fewer microglia and astrocytes, in the CA2 compared to controls. Along with diminished neuronal and glial elements, we found atypical perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized ECM structures that regulate plasticity, in the CA2 of BTBR mice. By diminishing PNNs in the CA2 of BTBR mice to control levels, we observed a partial restoration of social memory. Our findings suggest that the CA2 region of BTBR mice exhibits multiple cellular and extracellular abnormalities and identify atypical PNNs as one mechanism producing social memory dysfunction, although the contribution of reduced abGC afferents, pyramidal cell dendritic spine, and glial cell numbers remains unexplored.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pla L, Kühne BA, Guardia-Escote L, Vázquez-Aristizabal P, Loreiro C, Flick B, Gratacós E, Barenys M, Illa M. Protocols for the Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Rabbit Models In Vitro and In Vivo. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:918520. [PMID: 35936386 PMCID: PMC9355155 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.918520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit model is gaining importance in the field of neurodevelopmental evaluation due to its higher similarity to humans in terms of brain development and maturation than rodents. In this publication, we detailed 14 protocols covering toxicological relevant endpoints for the assessment of neurodevelopmental adverse effects in the rabbit species. These protocols include both in vitro and in vivo techniques, which also cover different evaluation time-points, the neonatal period, and long-term examinations at postnatal days (PNDs) 50–70. Specifically, the protocols (P) included are as follows: neurosphere preparation (GD30/PND0; P2) and neurosphere assay (P3), behavioral ontogeny (PND1; P4), brain obtaining and brain weight measurement at two different ages: PND1 (P5) and PND70 (P12), neurohistopathological evaluations after immersion fixation for neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia (PND1; P6-9) or perfusion fixation (PND70; P12), motor activity (P11, open field), memory and sensory function (P11, object recognition test), learning (P10, Skinner box), and histological evaluation of plasticity (P13 and P14) through dendritic spines and perineuronal nets. The expected control values and their variabilities are presented together with the information on how to troubleshoot the most common issues related to each protocol. To sum up, this publication offers a comprehensive compilation of reliable protocols adapted to the rabbit model for neurodevelopmental assessment in toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pla
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Britta Anna Kühne
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez-Aristizabal
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Loreiro
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Burkhard Flick
- Department of Toxicology, NUVISAN ICB GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barenys
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Illa
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miriam Illa,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ortega-de San Luis C, Ryan TJ. Understanding the physical basis of memory: Molecular mechanisms of the engram. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101866. [PMID: 35346687 PMCID: PMC9065729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory, defined as the storage and use of learned information in the brain, is necessary to modulate behavior and critical for animals to adapt to their environments and survive. Despite being a cornerstone of brain function, questions surrounding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how information is encoded, stored, and recalled remain largely unanswered. One widely held theory is that an engram is formed by a group of neurons that are active during learning, which undergoes biochemical and physical changes to store information in a stable state, and that are later reactivated during recall of the memory. In the past decade, the development of engram labeling methodologies has proven useful to investigate the biology of memory at the molecular and cellular levels. Engram technology allows the study of individual memories associated with particular experiences and their evolution over time, with enough experimental resolution to discriminate between different memory processes: learning (encoding), consolidation (the passage from short-term to long-term memories), and storage (the maintenance of memory in the brain). Here, we review the current understanding of memory formation at a molecular and cellular level by focusing on insights provided using engram technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pesarico AP, Carceller H, Guirado R, Coviello S, Nacher J. Long term effects of 24-h-restraint stress on the connectivity and structure of interneurons in the basolateral amygdala. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 115:110512. [PMID: 35066055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intense stressors can last a long time and may lead to the development of psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a critical role in these diseases and is extremely sensitive to stress. Here, we explored in male and female mice the long-term (35 days) impact of a 24-h restraint stress on BLA circuitry. We used Thy1-YFP mice to discriminate 2 subpopulations of excitatory neurons, which participate in "Fear-On" (Thy1-) and "Fear-Off" (Thy1+) circuits. The stress decreased the density of parvalbumin (PV) + inhibitory neurons in both sexes but did not alter their dendritic complexity. We also analyzed the perisomatic input of basket interneurons on Thy1+ and Thy1- neurons, finding sex dependent effects. In males, we did not find alterations in the density of PV+ puncta or in that of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) + puncta from cholecystokinin+ basket cells. By contrast, in females we found increased the density of PV+ puncta on Thy1+ neurons and reduced on the Thy1- neurons. This adverse experience also reduced in the long term the density of CB1R+ puncta both on Thy1+ and Thy1- cells in females. The expression of the activity marker FosB was not altered in PV+ interneurons and in Thy1+ neurons of stressed animals. The density of perineuronal nets, a specialized region of the extracellular matrix, which covers particularly PV+ interneurons and regulates their connectivity, was increased by stress in male mice. Our findings indicate that a single stressful event can produce long-term alterations in the inhibitory circuits of the BLA, especially on PV+ neurons and their plasticity, and that there is a differential impact depending on the sex and the fear-related circuits involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pesarico
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Hector Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kumar A, Biswas A, Bojja SL, Kolathur KK, Volety SM. Emerging therapeutic role of chondroitinase (ChABC) in neurological disorders and cancer. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220331151619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Proteoglycans are essential biomacromolecules that participate in matrix structure and organization, cell proliferation and migration, and cell surface signal transduction. However, their roles in physiology, particularly in CNS remain incompletely deciphered. Numerous studies highlight the elevated levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in various diseases like cancers and neurological disorders like spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases, and are mainly implicated to hinder tissue repair. In such a context, chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), a therapeutic enzyme has shown immense hope to treat these diseases in several preclinical studies, primarily attributed to the digestion of the side chains of the proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate (CS) molecule. Despite extensive research, the progress in evolving the concept of therapeutic targeting of proteoglycans is still in its infancy. This review thus provides fresh insights into the emerging therapeutic applications of ChABC in various diseases apart from SCI and the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshara Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishi Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Kolathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrahmanyam M Volety
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laham BJ, Gould E. How Stress Influences the Dynamic Plasticity of the Brain’s Extracellular Matrix. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814287. [PMID: 35145379 PMCID: PMC8821883 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse and structured extracellular matrix (ECM) comprise ∼20% of the brain’s volume and play important roles in development and adult plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized ECM structures that surround certain types of neurons in the brain, emerge during the postnatal period, making their development and maintenance potentially sensitive to experience. Recent studies have shown that stress affects diffuse ECM as well as PNNs, and that such effects are dependent on life stage and brain region. Given that the ECM participates in synaptic plasticity, the generation of neuronal oscillations, and synchronous firing across brain regions, all of which have been linked to cognition and emotional regulation, ECM components may be candidate therapeutic targets for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disease. This review considers the influence of stress over diffuse and structured ECM during postnatal life with a focus on functional outcomes and the potential for translational relevance.
Collapse
|
27
|
Dubisova J, Burianova JS, Svobodova L, Makovicky P, Martinez-Varea N, Cimpean A, Fawcett JW, Kwok JCF, Kubinova S. Oral treatment of 4-methylumbelliferone reduced perineuronal nets and improved recognition memory in mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:144-156. [PMID: 35066096 PMCID: PMC8867078 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a core constituent of perineuronal nets (PNNs) that surround subpopulations of neurones. The PNNs control synaptic stabilization in both the developing and adult central nervous system, and disruption of PNNs has shown to reactivate neuroplasticity. We investigated the possibility of memory prolongation by attenuating PNN formation using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis. Adult C57BL/6 mice were fed with chow containing 5% (w/w) 4-MU for 6 months, at a dose ~6.7 mg/g/day. The oral administration of 4-MU reduced the glycosaminoglycan level in the brain to 72% and the spinal cord to 50% when compared to the controls. Spontaneous object recognition test (SOR) performed at 2, 3, 6 and 7 months showed a significant increase in SOR score in the 6-months treatment group 24 h after object presentation. The effect however did not persist in the washout group (1-month post treatment). Immunohistochemistry confirmed a reduction of PNNs, with shorter and less arborization of aggrecan staining around dendrites in hippocampus after 6 months of 4-MU treatment. Histopathological examination revealed mild atrophy in articular cartilage but it did not affect the motor performance as demonstrated in rotarod test. In conclusion, systemic oral administration of 4-MU for 6 months reduced PNN formation around neurons and enhanced memory retention in mice. However, the memory enhancement was not sustained despite the reduction of PNNs, possibly due to the lack of memory enhancement training during the washout period. Our results suggest that 4-MU treatment might offer a strategy for PNN modulation in memory enhancement. Removal of perineuronal nets (PNNs) reactivates neuroplasticity. Oral administration of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) reduces PNNs. PNN reduction leads to enhancement in recognition memory in mice. The memory effect is not sustained likely due to a lack of memory training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dubisova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodova Burianova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svobodova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Makovicky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Slovakia
| | - Noelia Martinez-Varea
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anda Cimpean
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James W Fawcett
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jovasevic V, Zhang H, Petrovic Z, Cicvaric A, Radulovic J. Protocol for assessing the role of hippocampal perineuronal nets in aversive memories. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100931. [PMID: 34778848 PMCID: PMC8577157 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are emerging as critical regulators of memory-related neuronal processes. However, their exact contribution depends on type of memory, consolidation stage, or brain region, and remains to be fully investigated. We describe here a protocol to evaluate the importance of PNNs in the dorsal hippocampus in different stages of aversive memories using a mouse model. The protocol provides detailed instructions for surgical implantation of hippocampal cannulas, drug infusion, contextual fear conditioning procedures, and immunohistochemistry for PNN visualization. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jovasevic et al. (2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cornez G, Valle S, dos Santos EB, Chiver I, Müller W, Ball GF, Cornil CA, Balthazart J. Perineuronal nets in HVC and plasticity in male canary song. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252560. [PMID: 34449793 PMCID: PMC8396724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Songbirds learn their vocalizations during developmental sensitive periods of song memorization and sensorimotor learning. Some seasonal songbirds, called open-ended learners, recapitulate transitions from sensorimotor learning and song crystallization on a seasonal basis during adulthood. In adult male canaries, sensorimotor learning occurs each year in autumn and leads to modifications of the syllable repertoire during successive breeding seasons. We previously showed that perineuronal nets (PNN) expression in song control nuclei decreases during this sensorimotor learning period. Here we explored the causal link between PNN expression in adult canaries and song modification by enzymatically degrading PNN in HVC, a key song control system nucleus. Three independent experiments identified limited effects of the PNN degradation in HVC on the song structure of male canaries. They clearly establish that presence of PNN in HVC is not required to maintain general features of crystallized song. Some suggestion was collected that PNN are implicated in the stability of song repertoires but this evidence is too preliminary to draw firm conclusions and additional investigations should consider producing PNN degradations at specified time points of the seasonal cycle. It also remains possible that once song has been crystallized at the beginning of the first breeding season, PNN no longer play a key role in determining song structure; this could be tested by treatments with chondroitinase ABC at key steps in ontogeny. It would in this context be important to develop multiple stereotaxic procedures allowing the simultaneous bilateral degradation of PNN in several song control nuclei for extended periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Cornez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Shelley Valle
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ednei Barros dos Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ioana Chiver
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Wendt Müller
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gregory F. Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Charlotte A. Cornil
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacques Balthazart
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guadagno A, Belliveau C, Mechawar N, Walker CD. Effects of Early Life Stress on the Developing Basolateral Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Circuit: The Emerging Role of Local Inhibition and Perineuronal Nets. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:669120. [PMID: 34512291 PMCID: PMC8426628 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.669120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as increased anxiety and depression are now well established, although the specific neurobiological and developmental mechanisms that translate ELS into poor health outcomes are still unclear. The consequences of ELS are complex because they depend on the form and severity of early stress, duration, and age of exposure as well as co-occurrence with other forms of physical or psychological trauma. The long term effects of ELS on the corticolimbic circuit underlying emotional and social behavior are particularly salient because ELS occurs during critical developmental periods in the establishment of this circuit, its local balance of inhibition:excitation and its connections with other neuronal pathways. Using examples drawn from the human and rodent literature, we review some of the consequences of ELS on the development of the corticolimbic circuit and how it might impact fear regulation in a sex- and hemispheric-dependent manner in both humans and rodents. We explore the effects of ELS on local inhibitory neurons and the formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) that terminate critical periods of plasticity and promote the formation of stable local networks. Overall, the bulk of ELS studies report transient and/or long lasting alterations in both glutamatergic circuits and local inhibitory interneurons (INs) and their associated PNNs. Since the activity of INs plays a key role in the maturation of cortical regions and the formation of local field potentials, alterations in these INs triggered by ELS might critically participate in the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood, including impaired fear extinction and anxiety behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Guadagno
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire-Dominique Walker
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miyata S. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2003.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miyata S. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2003.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lesnikova A, Casarotto P, Moliner R, Fred SM, Biojone C, Castrén E. Perineuronal Net Receptor PTPσ Regulates Retention of Memories. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:672475. [PMID: 34366821 PMCID: PMC8339997 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.672475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) have an important physiological role in the retention of learning by restricting cognitive flexibility. Their deposition peaks after developmental periods of intensive learning, usually in late childhood, and they help in long-term preservation of newly acquired skills and information. Modulation of PNN function by various techniques enhances plasticity and regulates the retention of memories, which may be beneficial when memory persistence entails negative symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we investigated the role of PTPσ [receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, a phosphatase that is activated by binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) from PNNs] in retention of memories using Novel Object Recognition and Fear Conditioning models. We observed that mice haploinsufficient for PTPRS gene (PTPσ+/–), although having improved short-term object recognition memory, display impaired long-term memory in both Novel Object Recognition and Fear Conditioning paradigm, as compared to WT littermates. However, PTPσ+/– mice did not show any differences in behavioral tests that do not heavily rely on cognitive flexibility, such as Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field, Marble Burying, and Forced Swimming Test. Since PTPσ has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylate TRKB, we investigated activation of this receptor and its downstream pathways in limbic areas known to be associated with memory. We found that phosphorylation of TRKB and PLCγ are increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdaloid complex of PTPσ+/– mice, but other TRKB-mediated signaling pathways are not affected. Our data suggest that PTPσ downregulation promotes TRKB phosphorylation in different brain areas, improves short-term memory performance but disrupts long-term memory retention in the tested animal models. Inhibition of PTPσ or disruption of PNN-PTPσ-TRKB complex might be a potential target for disorders where negative modulation of the acquired memories can be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Plinio Casarotto
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jovasevic V, Zhang H, Sananbenesi F, Guedea AL, Soman KV, Wiktorowicz JE, Fischer A, Radulovic J. Primary cilia are required for the persistence of memory and stabilization of perineuronal nets. iScience 2021; 24:102617. [PMID: 34142063 PMCID: PMC8185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the formation of episodic memories requires multiple hippocampal mechanisms operating on different time scales. Early mechanisms of memory formation (synaptic consolidation) have been extensively characterized. However, delayed mechanisms, which maintain hippocampal activity as memories stabilize in cortical circuits, are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that contrary to the transient expression of early- and delayed-response genes, the expression of cytoskeleton- and extracellular matrix-associated genes remains dynamic even at remote time points. The most profound expression changes clustered around primary cilium-associated and collagen genes. These genes most likely contribute to memory by stabilizing perineuronal nets in the dorsohippocampal CA1 subfield, as revealed by targeted disruptions of the primary cilium or perineuronal nets. The findings show that nonsynaptic, primary cilium-mediated mechanisms are required for the persistence of context memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Room 13-100, Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Room 115, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anita L. Guedea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB – Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Room 13-100, Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Room 115, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Inhibitory control in neuronal networks relies on the extracellular matrix integrity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5647-5663. [PMID: 34128077 PMCID: PMC8257544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control is essential for the regulation of neuronal network activity, where excitatory and inhibitory synapses can act synergistically, reciprocally, and antagonistically. Sustained excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance, therefore, relies on the orchestrated adjustment of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. While growing evidence indicates that the brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial regulator of excitatory synapse plasticity, it remains unclear whether and how the ECM contributes to inhibitory control in neuronal networks. Here we studied the simultaneous changes in excitatory and inhibitory connectivity after ECM depletion. We demonstrate that the ECM supports the maintenance of E-I balance by retaining inhibitory connectivity. Quantification of synapses and super-resolution microscopy showed that depletion of the ECM in mature neuronal networks preferentially decreases the density of inhibitory synapses and the size of individual inhibitory postsynaptic scaffolds. The reduction of inhibitory synapse density is partially compensated by the homeostatically increasing synaptic strength via the reduction of presynaptic GABAB receptors, as indicated by patch-clamp measurements and GABAB receptor expression quantifications. However, both spiking and bursting activity in neuronal networks is increased after ECM depletion, as indicated by multi-electrode recordings. With computational modelling, we determined that ECM depletion reduces the inhibitory connectivity to an extent that the inhibitory synapse scaling does not fully compensate for the reduced inhibitory synapse density. Our results indicate that the brain’s ECM preserves the balanced state of neuronal networks by supporting inhibitory control via inhibitory synapse stabilization, which expands the current understanding of brain activity regulation. ![]()
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun W, Yang Y, Chen X, Cheng Y, Li X, An L. Light Promotes Neural Correlates of Fear Memory via Enhancing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Expression in the Prelimbic Cortex. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1802-1810. [PMID: 33961393 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to light has been shown to enhance vigilance and improve working memory, possibly due to changes in prefrontal function. Ample evidence supports the critical role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in fear memory performance. However, the effects of light on memory processing and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. Here, through rats exposure conditioned to light at different memory phases, we sought evidence for the influences by employing behavioral tests, pharmacological infusions, immunoblotting, and electrophysiological recording. Exposure to light immediately following conditioning of 30 min or longer could effectively improve consolidation of fear memory without altering short-term memory or upgrading the original fear. The absence of significant freezing during baseline and intertrial interval periods ruled out the possibility of a general induction of freezing by light. Meanwhile, rats exposed to light in homecages or conditioning chambers exhibited a similar memory phenotype, indicating that light specifically enhanced the fear stimulus rather than the contextual environment. Furthermore, light exposure elevated the training-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the prelimbic, but not infralimbic, subregion of the PFC. Moreover, the BDNF-TrkB pathway, but not the BDNF-p75NTR pathway, was involved in light-mediated fear memory. The enhancement in BDNF activity effectively facilitated firing correlates of prelimbic pyramidal neurons but not fast-spiking interneurons. Blocking the training-induced BDNF by its antibody abolished the effects of light on neural function and fear memory. Therefore, our findings indicate that light enhances training-induced BDNF expression that promotes the neural correlate of memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lei An
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wingert JC, Sorg BA. Impact of Perineuronal Nets on Electrophysiology of Parvalbumin Interneurons, Principal Neurons, and Brain Oscillations: A Review. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:673210. [PMID: 34040511 PMCID: PMC8141737 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.673210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that surround specific neurons in the brain and spinal cord, appear during critical periods of development, and restrict plasticity during adulthood. Removal of PNNs can reinstate juvenile-like plasticity or, in cases of PNN removal during early developmental stages, PNN removal extends the critical plasticity period. PNNs surround mainly parvalbumin (PV)-containing, fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons in several brain regions. These inhibitory interneurons profoundly inhibit the network of surrounding neurons via their elaborate contacts with local pyramidal neurons, and they are key contributors to gamma oscillations generated across several brain regions. Among other functions, these gamma oscillations regulate plasticity associated with learning, decision making, attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. The detailed mechanisms by which PNN removal increases plasticity are only beginning to be understood. Here, we review the impact of PNN removal on several electrophysiological features of their underlying PV interneurons and nearby pyramidal neurons, including changes in intrinsic and synaptic membrane properties, brain oscillations, and how these changes may alter the integration of memory-related information. Additionally, we review how PNN removal affects plasticity-associated phenomena such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and paired-pulse ratio (PPR). The results are discussed in the context of the role of PV interneurons in circuit function and how PNN removal alters this function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jereme C Wingert
- Program in Neuroscience, Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Program in Neuroscience, Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ciccarelli A, Weijers D, Kwan W, Warner C, Bourne J, Gross CT. Sexually dimorphic perineuronal nets in the rodent and primate reproductive circuit. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3274-3291. [PMID: 33950531 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets are extracellular glycoprotein structures that have been found on some neurons in the central nervous system and that have been shown to regulate their structural plasticity. Until now work on perineuronal nets has been focused on their role in cortical structures where they are selectively expressed on parvalbumin-positive neurons and are reported to restrict the experience-dependent plasticity of inhibitory afferents. Here, we examined the expression of perineuronal nets subcortically, showing that they are expressed in several discrete structures, including nuclei that comprise the brain network controlling reproductive behaviors (e.g., mounting, lordosis, aggression, and social defense). In particular, perineuronal nets were found in the posterior dorsal division of the medial amygdala, the medial preoptic nucleus, the posterior medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamus and adjacent tuberal nucleus, and the ventral premammillary nucleus in both the mouse and primate brain. Comparison of perineuronal nets in male and female mice revealed a significant sexually dimorphic expression, with expression found prominently on estrogen receptor expressing neurons in the medial amygdala. These findings suggest that perineuronal nets may be involved in regulating neural plasticity in the mammalian reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ciccarelli
- Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome
| | - Dilys Weijers
- Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome
| | - William Kwan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Warner
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cornelius T Gross
- Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jorgensen ET, Gonzalez AE, Harkness JH, Hegarty DM, Thakar A, Burchi DJ, Aadland JA, Aicher SA, Sorg BA, Brown TE. Cocaine memory reactivation induces functional adaptations within parvalbumin interneurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12947. [PMID: 32750200 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a complex disease created in part by maladaptive learning and memory mechanisms following repeated drug use. Exposure to drug-associated stimuli engages prefrontal cortex circuits, and dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to underlie drug-seeking behaviors. Growing evidence supports a role for parvalbumin containing fast-spiking interneurons (FSI) in modulating prefrontal cortical microcircuit activity by influencing the balance of excitation and inhibition, which can influence learning and memory processes. Most parvalbumin FSIs within layer V of the prelimbic mPFC are surrounded by specialized extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNN). Previous work by our group found that cocaine exposure altered PNN-surrounded FSI function, and pharmacological removal of PNNs reduced cocaine-seeking behavior. However, the role of FSIs and associated constituents (parvalbumin and PNNs) in cocaine-related memories was not previously explored and is still unknown. Here, we found that reactivation of a cocaine conditioned place preference memory produced changes in cortical PNN-surrounded parvalbumin FSIs, including decreased parvalbumin intensity, increased parvalbumin cell axis diameter, decreased intrinsic excitability, and increased excitatory synaptic input. Further investigation of intrinsic properties revealed changes in the interspike interval, membrane capacitance, and afterhyperpolarization recovery time. Changes in these specific properties suggest an increase in potassium-mediated currents, which was validated with additional electrophysiological analysis. Collectively, our results indicate that cocaine memory reactivation induces functional adaptations in PNN-surrounded parvalbumin neurons, which likely alters cortical output to promote cocaine-seeking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily T. Jorgensen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- School of Pharmacy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Angela E. Gonzalez
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Translational Addiction Research Center Washington State University Vancouver Washington USA
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Legacy Research Institute Portland Oregon USA
| | - John H. Harkness
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Translational Addiction Research Center Washington State University Vancouver Washington USA
| | - Deborah M. Hegarty
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Amit Thakar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- School of Pharmacy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Delta J. Burchi
- School of Pharmacy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Jake A. Aadland
- School of Pharmacy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Sue A. Aicher
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Barbara A. Sorg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Translational Addiction Research Center Washington State University Vancouver Washington USA
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Legacy Research Institute Portland Oregon USA
| | - Travis E. Brown
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- School of Pharmacy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tamming RJ, Dumeaux V, Jiang Y, Shafiq S, Langlois L, Ellegood J, Qiu LR, Lerch JP, Bérubé NG. Atrx Deletion in Neurons Leads to Sexually Dimorphic Dysregulation of miR-137 and Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107838. [PMID: 32610139 PMCID: PMC7326465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ATRX gene mutations have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disabilities in humans. ATRX is known to maintain genomic stability in neuroprogenitor cells, but its function in differentiated neurons and memory processes remains largely unresolved. Here, we show that the deletion of neuronal Atrx in mice leads to distinct hippocampal structural defects, fewer presynaptic vesicles, and an enlarged postsynaptic area at CA1 apical dendrite-axon junctions. We identify male-specific impairments in long-term contextual memory and in synaptic gene expression, linked to altered miR-137 levels. We show that ATRX directly binds to the miR-137 locus and that the enrichment of the suppressive histone mark H3K27me3 is significantly reduced upon the loss of ATRX. We conclude that the ablation of ATRX in excitatory forebrain neurons leads to sexually dimorphic effects on miR-137 expression and on spatial memory, identifying a potential therapeutic target for neurological defects caused by ATRX dysfunction. Loss of ATRX in neurons has sexually dimorphic effects on long-term spatial memory Targeted deletion of neuronal ATRX in mice causes ultrastructural synaptic defects ATRX null neurons show sex-specific changes in miR-137 and target synaptic transcripts ATRX directly binds and suppresses miR-137 in males via enrichment of H3K27me3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Tamming
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yan Jiang
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarfraz Shafiq
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Luana Langlois
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nathalie G Bérubé
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The extracellular matrix regulates cortical layer dynamics and cross-columnar frequency integration in the auditory cortex. Commun Biol 2021; 4:322. [PMID: 33692502 PMCID: PMC7946889 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult vertebrate brain, enzymatic removal of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized to promote learning, memory recall, and restorative plasticity. The impact of the ECM on translaminar dynamics during cortical circuit processing is still not understood. Here, we removed the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils using local injections of hyaluronidase (HYase). Using laminar current-source density (CSD) analysis, we found layer-specific changes of the spatiotemporal synaptic patterns with increased cross-columnar integration and simultaneous weakening of early local sensory input processing within infragranular layers Vb. These changes had an oscillatory fingerprint within beta-band (25-36 Hz) selectively within infragranular layers Vb. To understand the laminar interaction dynamics after ECM digestion, we used time-domain conditional Granger causality (GC) measures to identify the increased drive of supragranular layers towards deeper infragranular layers. These results showed that ECM degradation altered translaminar cortical network dynamics with a stronger supragranular lead of the columnar response profile.
Collapse
|
42
|
An Extracellular Perspective on CNS Maturation: Perineuronal Nets and the Control of Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052434. [PMID: 33670945 PMCID: PMC7957817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During restricted time windows of postnatal life, called critical periods, neural circuits are highly plastic and are shaped by environmental stimuli. In several mammalian brain areas, from the cerebral cortex to the hippocampus and amygdala, the closure of the critical period is dependent on the formation of perineuronal nets. Perineuronal nets are a condensed form of an extracellular matrix, which surrounds the soma and proximal dendrites of subsets of neurons, enwrapping synaptic terminals. Experimentally disrupting perineuronal nets in adult animals induces the reactivation of critical period plasticity, pointing to a role of the perineuronal net as a molecular brake on plasticity as the critical period closes. Interestingly, in the adult brain, the expression of perineuronal nets is remarkably dynamic, changing its plasticity-associated conditions, including memory processes. In this review, we aimed to address how perineuronal nets contribute to the maturation of brain circuits and the regulation of adult brain plasticity and memory processes in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lesnikova A, Casarotto PC, Fred SM, Voipio M, Winkel F, Steinzeig A, Antila H, Umemori J, Biojone C, Castrén E. Chondroitinase and Antidepressants Promote Plasticity by Releasing TRKB from Dephosphorylating Control of PTPσ in Parvalbumin Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:972-980. [PMID: 33293360 PMCID: PMC7880295 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2228-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are an extracellular matrix structure rich in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which preferentially encase parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. PNNs restrict cortical network plasticity but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. We found that reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex induced by chondroitinase ABC (chABC)-mediated PNN removal requires intact signaling by the neurotrophin receptor TRKB in PV+ neurons. Additionally, we demonstrate that chABC increases TRKB phosphorylation (pTRKB), while PNN component aggrecan attenuates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced pTRKB in cortical neurons in culture. We further found that protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ, PTPRS), receptor for CSPGs, interacts with TRKB and restricts TRKB phosphorylation. PTPσ deletion increases phosphorylation of TRKB in vitro and in vivo in male and female mice, and juvenile-like plasticity is retained in the visual cortex of adult PTPσ-deficient mice (PTPσ+/-). The antidepressant drug fluoxetine, which is known to promote TRKB phosphorylation and reopen critical period-like plasticity in the adult brain, disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ by binding to the transmembrane domain of TRKB. We propose that both chABC and fluoxetine reopen critical period-like plasticity in the adult visual cortex by promoting TRKB signaling in PV+ neurons through inhibition of TRKB dephosphorylation by the PTPσ-CSPG complex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Critical period-like plasticity can be reactivated in the adult visual cortex through disruption of perineuronal nets (PNNs) by chondroitinase treatment, or by chronic antidepressant treatment. We now show that the effects of both chondroitinase and fluoxetine are mediated by the neurotrophin receptor TRKB in parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. We found that chondroitinase-induced visual cortical plasticity is dependent on TRKB in PV+ neurons. Protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ, PTPRS), a receptor for PNNs, interacts with TRKB and inhibits its phosphorylation, and chondroitinase treatment or deletion of PTPσ increases TRKB phosphorylation. Antidepressant fluoxetine disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ, thereby increasing TRKB phosphorylation. Thus, juvenile-like plasticity induced by both chondroitinase and antidepressant treatment is mediated by TRKB activation in PV+ interneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Lesnikova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | | | - Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Mikko Voipio
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Frederike Winkel
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Anna Steinzeig
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Hanna Antila
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bertocchi I, Mele P, Ferrero G, Oberto A, Carulli D, Eva C. NPY-Y1 receptor signaling controls spatial learning and perineuronal net expression. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108425. [PMID: 33285203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix structures that form around some types of neurons at the end of critical periods, limiting neuronal plasticity. In the adult brain, PNNs play a crucial role in the regulation of learning and cognitive processes. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions, including learning and memory abilities, via activation of Y1 receptors (Y1Rs). Here we demonstrated that the conditional depletion of the gene encoding the Y1R for NPY in adult forebrain excitatory neurons (Npy1rrfb mutant mice), induces a significant slowdown in spatial learning, which is associated with a robust intensification of PNN expression and an increase in the number of c-Fos expressing cells in the cornus ammonis 1 (CA1) of the dorsal hippocampus. Importantly, the enzymatic digestion of PNNs in CA1 normalizes c-Fos activity and completely rescues learning abilities of Npy1rrfb mice. These data highlight a previously unknown functional link between NPY-Y1R transmission and PNNs, which may play a role in the control of dorsal hippocampal excitability and related cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertocchi
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Italy
| | - Paolo Mele
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ferrero
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oberto
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Italy
| | - Daniela Carulli
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Italy; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carola Eva
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sugitani K, Egorova D, Mizumoto S, Nishio S, Yamada S, Kitagawa H, Oshima K, Nadano D, Matsuda T, Miyata S. Hyaluronan degradation and release of a hyaluronan-aggrecan complex from perineuronal nets in the aged mouse brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129804. [PMID: 33253804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are insoluble aggregates of extracellular matrix molecules in the brain that consist of hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). PNNs promote the acquisition and storage of memories by stabilizing the formation of synapses in the adult brain. Although the deterioration of PNNs has been suggested to contribute to the age-dependent decline in brain function, the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in PNNs remain unclear. METHODS The amount and solubility of PNN components were investigated by sequential extraction followed by a disaccharide analysis and immunoblotting. We examined the interaction between HA and aggrecan, a major HA-binding CSPG, by combining mass spectrometry and pull-down assays. RESULTS The solubility and amount of HA increased in the brain with age. Among several CSPGs, the solubility of aggrecan was selectively elevated during aging. In contrast to alternations in biochemical properties, the expression of PNN components at the transcript level was not markedly changed by aging. The increased solubility of aggrecan was not due to the loss of HA-binding properties. Our results indicated that the degradation of high-molecular-mass HA induced the release of the HA-aggrecan complex from PNNs in the aged brain. CONCLUSION The present study revealed a novel mechanism underlying the age-related deterioration of PNNs in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sugitani
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Diana Egorova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nishio
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Edwards JA, Risch M, Hoke KL. Dynamics of perineuronal nets over amphibian metamorphosis. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1768-1778. [PMID: 33067799 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix materials known as perineuronal nets (PNNs) have been shown to have remarkable consequences for the maturation of neural circuits and stabilization of behavior. It has been proposed that, due to the possibly long-lived biochemical nature of their components, PNNs may be an important substrate by which long-term memories are stored in the central nervous system. However, little empirical evidence exists that shows that PNNs are themselves stable once established. Thus, the question of their temporal dynamics remains unresolved. We leverage the dramatic morphological and behavioral transformations that occur during amphibian metamorphosis to show that PNNs can be highly dynamic in nature. We used established lectin histochemistry to show that PNNs undergo drastic reconstruction during the metamorphic transition. Pre-metamorphic tadpoles have abundant lectin-labeled pericellular material, which we interpret to be PNNs, surrounding neurons throughout the central nervous system. During the metamorphic transition, these structures degrade, and begin to reform in the months following metamorphosis. We show that PNN sizes and staining intensity further change over metamorphosis, suggesting compositional rearrangement. We found PNNs in brain regions with putative homology to regions in mammals with known PNN function, and in other shared regions where PNN function is unknown. Our results suggest that PNNs are susceptible to remodeling by endogenous mechanisms during development. Interpreting the roles of PNNs in circuit maturation and stability requires understanding their temporal relationship with the neurons and synapses they surround. Our work provides further impetus to investigate this relationship in tandem with developmental and behavioral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Edwards
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Makayla Risch
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Washington PM, Lee C, Dwyer MKR, Konofagou EE, Kernie SG, Morrison B. Hyaluronidase reduced edema after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2026-2037. [PMID: 31648593 PMCID: PMC7786840 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19882780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema and the subsequent increased intracranial pressure are associated with mortality and poor outcome following traumatic brain injury. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the Gibbs-Donnan effect, which describes the tendency of a porous, negatively charged matrix to attract positive ions and water, applies to brain tissue and that enzymatic reduction of the fixed charge density can prevent tissue swelling. We tested whether hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades the large, negatively charged glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, could reduce brain edema after traumatic brain injury. In vivo, intracerebroventricular injection of hyaluronidase after controlled cortical impact in mice reduced edema in the ipsilateral hippocampus at 24 h by both the wet-weight/dry-weight method (78.15 ± 0.65% vs. 80.4 ± 0.46%; p < 0.01) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (13.88 ± 3.09% vs. 29.23 ± 6.14%; p < 0.01). Hyaluronidase did not adversely affect blood-brain-barrier-integrity measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, nor did hyaluronidase negatively affect functional recovery after controlled cortical impact measured with the rotarod or Morris water maze tasks. Reduction of fixed charge density by hyaluronidase was confirmed in cortical explants in vitro (5.46 ± 1.15 µg/mg vs. 7.76 ± 1.87 µg/mg; p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that targeting the fixed charge density with hyaluronidase reduced edema in an in vivo mouse model of traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Kate R Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Barclay Morrison III, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Premachandran H, Zhao M, Arruda-Carvalho M. Sex Differences in the Development of the Rodent Corticolimbic System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:583477. [PMID: 33100964 PMCID: PMC7554619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.583477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown sex differences in the prevalence and symptomatology of psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, and fear-related disorders, all of which show high incidence rates in early life. This has highlighted the importance of including female subjects in animal studies, as well as delineating sex differences in neural processing across development. Of particular interest is the corticolimbic system, comprising the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex. In rodents, these corticolimbic regions undergo dynamic changes in early life, and disruption to their normative development is believed to underlie the age and sex-dependent effects of stress on affective processing. In this review, we consolidate research on sex differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex across early development. First, we briefly introduce current principles on sexual differentiation of the rodent brain. We then showcase corticolimbic regional sex differences in volume, morphology, synaptic organization, cell proliferation, microglia, and GABAergic signaling, and explain how these differences are influenced by perinatal and pubertal gonadal hormones. In compiling this research, we outline evidence of what and when sex differences emerge in the developing corticolimbic system, and illustrate how temporal dynamics of its maturational trajectory may differ in male and female rodents. This will help provide insight into potential neural mechanisms underlying sex-specific critical windows for stress susceptibility and behavioral emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maithe Arruda-Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Drzewiecki CM, Willing J, Juraska JM. Influences of age and pubertal status on number and intensity of perineuronal nets in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2495-2507. [PMID: 32914251 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a late developing region of the cortex, and its protracted maturation during adolescence may confer a period of plasticity. Closure of critical, or sensitive, periods in sensory cortices coincides with perineuronal net (PNN) expression, leading to enhanced inhibitory function and synaptic stabilization. PNN density has been found to increase across adolescence in the male rat medial PFC (mPFC). Here, we examined both male and female rats at four time points spanning adolescent development to stereologically quantify the number and intensity of PNNs in the mPFC. Additionally, because puberty coincides with broad behavioral and neuroanatomical changes, we collected tissue from age-matched pre- and post-pubertal siblings within a litter. Results indicate that both males and females show an increase in the total number and intensity of mPFC PNNs between postnatal day (P) 30 and P60. As we have previously found, white matter under the mPFC also increased at the same time. Male puberty did not affect PNNs, while female pubertal onset led to an abrupt decrease in the total number of PNNs that persisted through mid-adolescence before increasing at P60. Despite the change in PNN number, the intensity of female PNNs was not affected by puberty. Thus, though males and females show increases in mPFC PNNs during adolescence, the pubertal decrease in the number of PNNs in female rats may indicate a difference in the pattern of maximal plasticity between the sexes during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Drzewiecki
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Jari Willing
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.,Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang X. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: key modulators of neuronal plasticity, long-term memory, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:555-568. [PMID: 32126020 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are large groups of heterogenous proteoglycans that are mainly expressed by reactive astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They share similar core proteins and are post-transcriptionally modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. CSPGs are the major components of the perineuronal nets (PNN) that regulate the opening and closure of the critical period. Mounting reports have documented the crucial roles of CSPGs in restricting neuronal plasticity, axonal growth, and pathfinding during development as well as axonal regeneration after CNS injury. Moreover, CSPGs and PNNs modulate long-term memory, which impairments frequently happened in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review will shortly introduce the expression patterns of CSPGs during development and after injury, the PNNs constitutions, the roles of CSPGs and PNNs in axonal regrowth, discuss the most recently identified roles of CSPGs and PNNs in mediating long-term memory and their correlation with brain disorders, and finally, propose a short perspective of future investigations. Hopefully, further explorations may validate the therapeutic potentials of PNNs and CSPGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|