1
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Stabile F, Torromino G, Rajendran S, Del Vecchio G, Presutti C, Mannironi C, De Leonibus E, Mele A, Rinaldi A. Short-Term Memory Deficit Associates with miR-153-3p Upregulation in the Hippocampus of Middle-Aged Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3031-3041. [PMID: 37964090 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The early stages of ageing are a critical time window in which the ability to detect and identify precocious molecular and cognitive markers can make the difference in determining a healthy vs unhealthy course of ageing. Using the 6-different object task (6-DOT), a highly demanding hippocampal-dependent recognition memory task, we classified a population of middle-aged (12-month-old) CD1 male mice in Impaired and Unimpaired based on their short-term memory. This approach led us to identify a different microRNAs expression profile in the hippocampus of Impaired mice compared to Unimpaired ones. Among the dysregulated microRNAs, miR-153-3p was upregulated in the hippocampus of Impaired mice and appeared of high interest for its putative target genes and their possible implication in memory-related synaptic plasticity. We showed that intra-hippocampal injection of the miR-153-3p mimic in adult (3-month-old) mice is sufficient to induce a short-term memory deficit similar to that observed in middle-aged Impaired mice. Overall, these findings unravel a novel role for hippocampal miR-153-3p in modulating short-term memory that could be exploited to prevent early cognitive deficits in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Stabile
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology Daniel Bovet (CRiN), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Torromino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Rajendran
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology Daniel Bovet (CRiN), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Del Vecchio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Presutti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Mannironi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Leonibus
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - A Mele
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology Daniel Bovet (CRiN), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Rinaldi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology Daniel Bovet (CRiN), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Modirshanechi A, Kondrakiewicz K, Gerstner W, Haesler S. Curiosity-driven exploration: foundations in neuroscience and computational modeling. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:1054-1066. [PMID: 37925342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Curiosity refers to the intrinsic desire of humans and animals to explore the unknown, even when there is no apparent reason to do so. Thus far, no single, widely accepted definition or framework for curiosity has emerged, but there is growing consensus that curious behavior is not goal-directed but related to seeking or reacting to information. In this review, we take a phenomenological approach and group behavioral and neurophysiological studies which meet these criteria into three categories according to the type of information seeking observed. We then review recent computational models of curiosity from the field of machine learning and discuss how they enable integrating different types of information seeking into one theoretical framework. Combinations of behavioral and neurophysiological studies along with computational modeling will be instrumental in demystifying the notion of curiosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kacper Kondrakiewicz
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wulfram Gerstner
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Haesler
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Rey L, Désoche C, Saive AL, Thévenet M, Garcia S, Tillmann B, Plailly J. Episodic memory and recognition are influenced by cues' sensory modality: comparing odours, music and faces using virtual reality. Memory 2023; 31:1113-1133. [PMID: 37649134 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2208793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Most everyday experiences are multisensory, and all senses can trigger the conscious re-experience of unique personal events embedded in their specific spatio-temporal context. Yet, little is known about how a cue's sensory modality influences episodic memory, and which step of this process is impacted. This study investigated recognition and episodic memory across olfactory, auditory and visual sensory modalities in a laboratory-ecological task using a non-immersive virtual reality device. At encoding, participants freely and actively explored unique and rich episodes in a three-room house where boxes delivered odours, musical pieces and pictures of face. At retrieval, participants were presented with modality-specific memory cues and were told to 1) recognise encoded cues among distractors and, 2) go to the room and select the box in which they encountered them at encoding. Memory performance and response times revealed that music and faces outperformed odours in recognition memory, but that odours and faces outperformed music in evoking encoding context. Interestingly, correct recognition of music and faces was accompanied by more profound inspirations than correct rejection. By directly comparing memory performance across sensory modalities, our study demonstrated that despite limited recognition, odours are powerful cues to evoke specific episodic memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Clément Désoche
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, ImpAct team, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Mouvement et Handicap, Neuro-Immersion, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Lise Saive
- Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center, Ecully, France
- UNIQUE Center, the Quebec Neuro-AI research center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Thévenet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Jane Plailly
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
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4
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Torromino G, Loffredo V, Cavezza D, Sonsini G, Esposito F, Crevenna AH, Gioffrè M, De Risi M, Treves A, Griguoli M, De Leonibus E. Thalamo-hippocampal pathway regulates incidental memory capacity in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4194. [PMID: 35859057 PMCID: PMC9300669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidental memory can be challenged by increasing either the retention delay or the memory load. The dorsal hippocampus (dHP) appears to help with both consolidation from short-term (STM) to long-term memory (LTM), and higher memory loads, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here we find that female mice, despite having the same STM capacity of 6 objects and higher resistance to distraction in our different object recognition task (DOT), when tested over 1 h or 24 h delays appear to transfer to LTM only 4 objects, whereas male mice have an STM capacity of 6 objects in this task. In male mice the dHP shows greater activation (as measured by c-Fos expression), whereas female mice show greater activation of the ventral midline thalamus (VMT). Optogenetic inhibition of the VMT-dHP pathway during off-line memory consolidation enables 6-object LTM retention in females, while chemogenetic VMT-activation impairs it in males. Thus, removing or enhancing sub-cortical inhibitory control over the hippocampus leads to differences in incidental memory. Incidental memory is affected by retention delay, and by memory load. Here the authors show that female and male mice process high memory load through different activation of thalamic-cortical pathways, that makes their incidental memory resistant to distraction and to memory decay, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Torromino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - V Loffredo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Cavezza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - G Sonsini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - A H Crevenna
- Neurobiology and Epigenetics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - M Gioffrè
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - M De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - A Treves
- SISSA - Cognitive Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Griguoli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
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5
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Zhang L, Li C, Huang R, Teng H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Liu X, Fan B, Luo H, He A, Zhao A, Lu M, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. Cerebral endothelial cell derived small extracellular vesicles improve cognitive function in aged diabetic rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:926485. [PMID: 35912073 PMCID: PMC9330338 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.926485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate cell-cell communication by transferring their cargo biological materials into recipient cells. Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces cerebral vascular dysfunction and neurogenesis impairment, which are associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing dementia. Whether the sEVs are involved in DM-induced cerebral vascular disease, is unknown. Therefore, we studied sEVs derived from cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-sEVs) of aged DM rats (DM-CEC-sEVs) and found that DM-CEC-sEVs robustly inhibited neural stem cell (NSC) generation of new neuroblasts and damaged cerebral endothelial function. Treatment of aged DM-rats with CEC-sEVs derived from adult healthy normal rats (N-CEC-sEVs) ameliorated cognitive deficits and improved cerebral vascular function and enhanced neurogenesis. Intravenously administered N-CEC-sEVs crossed the blood brain barrier and were internalized by neural stem cells in the neurogenic region, which were associated with augmentation of miR-1 and –146a and reduction of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and thrombospondin 1 proteins. In addition, uptake of N-CEC-sEVs by the recipient cells was mediated by clathrin and caveolin dependent endocytosis signaling pathways. The present study provides ex vivo and in vivo evidence that DM-CEC-sEVs induce cerebral vascular dysfunction and neurogenesis impairment and that N-CEC-sEVs have a therapeutic effect on improvement of cognitive function by ameliorating dysfunction of cerebral vessels and increasing neurogenesis in aged DM rats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xiangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Annie He
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anna Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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6
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Manohar S, Chen GD, Ding D, Liu L, Wang J, Chen YC, Chen L, Salvi R. Unexpected Consequences of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Memory, and Stress. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:871223. [PMID: 35619926 PMCID: PMC9127992 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.871223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), caused by direct damage to the cochlea, reduces the flow of auditory information to the central nervous system, depriving higher order structures, such as the hippocampus with vital sensory information needed to carry out complex, higher order functions. Although the hippocampus lies outside the classical auditory pathway, it nevertheless receives acoustic information that influence its activity. Here we review recent results that illustrate how NIHL and other types of cochlear hearing loss disrupt hippocampal function. The hippocampus, which continues to generate new neurons (neurogenesis) in adulthood, plays an important role in spatial navigation, memory, and emotion. The hippocampus, which contains place cells that respond when a subject enters a specific location in the environment, integrates information from multiple sensory systems, including the auditory system, to develop cognitive spatial maps to aid in navigation. Acute exposure to intense noise disrupts the place-specific firing patterns of hippocampal neurons, “spatially disorienting” the cells for days. More traumatic sound exposures that result in permanent NIHL chronically suppresses cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus; these structural changes are associated with long-term spatial memory deficits. Hippocampal neurons, which contain numerous glucocorticoid hormone receptors, are part of a complex feedback network connected to the hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis. Chronic exposure to intense intermittent noise results in prolonged stress which can cause a persistent increase in corticosterone, a rodent stress hormone known to suppress neurogenesis. In contrast, a single intense noise exposure sufficient to cause permanent hearing loss produces only a transient increase in corticosterone hormone. Although basal corticosterone levels return to normal after the noise exposure, glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the hippocampus remain chronically elevated. Thus, NIHL disrupts negative feedback from the hippocampus to the HPA axis which regulates the release of corticosterone. Preclinical studies suggest that the noise-induced changes in hippocampal place cells, neurogenesis, spatial memory, and glucocorticoid receptors may be ameliorated by therapeutic interventions that reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. These experimental results may provide new insights on why hearing loss is a risk factor for cognitive decline and suggest methods for preventing this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Auditory Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard Salvi
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7
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Neuropsychological and neuropathological observations of a long-studied case of memory impairment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29883-29893. [PMID: 33168712 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018960117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report neuropsychological and neuropathological findings for a patient (A.B.), who developed memory impairment after a cardiac arrest at age 39. A.B. was a clinical psychologist who, although unable to return to work, was an active participant in our neuropsychological studies for 24 y. He exhibited a moderately severe and circumscribed impairment in the formation of long-term, declarative memory (anterograde amnesia), together with temporally graded retrograde amnesia covering ∼5 y prior to the cardiac arrest. More remote memory for both facts and autobiographical events was intact. His neuropathology was extensive and involved the medial temporal lobe, the diencephalon, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. In the hippocampal formation, there was substantial cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 fields, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (with sparing of granule cells), and the entorhinal cortex. There was also cell loss in the CA2 field, but some remnants remained. The amygdala demonstrated substantial neuronal loss, particularly in its deep nuclei. In the thalamus, there was damage and atrophy of the anterior nuclear complex, the mediodorsal nucleus, and the pulvinar. There was also loss of cells in the medial and lateral mammillary nuclei in the hypothalamus. We suggest that the neuropathology resulted from two separate factors: the initial cardiac arrest (and respiratory distress) and the recurrent seizures that followed, which led to additional damage characteristic of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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8
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Siri SO, Rozés-Salvador V, de la Villarmois EA, Ghersi MS, Quassollo G, Pérez MF, Conde C. Decrease of Rab11 prevents the correct dendritic arborization, synaptic plasticity and spatial memory formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118735. [PMID: 32389643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that Rab11 recycling endosomes (REs Rab11) are essential for several neuronal processes, including the proper functioning of growth cones, synapse architecture regulation and neuronal migration. However, several aspects of REs Rab11 remain unclear, such as its sub-cellular distribution across neuronal development, contribution to dendritic tree organization and its consequences in memory formation. In this work we show a spatio-temporal correlation between the endogenous localization of REs Rab11 and developmental stage of neurons. Furthermore, Rab11-suppressed neurons showed an increase on dendritic branching (without altering total dendritic length) and misdistribution of dendritic proteins in cultured neurons. In addition, suppression of Rab11 in adult rat brains in vivo (by expressing shRab11 through lentiviral infection), showed a decrease on both the sensitivity to induce long-term potentiation and hippocampal-dependent memory acquisition. Taken together, our results suggest that REs Rab11 expression is required for a proper dendritic architecture and branching, controlling key aspects of synaptic plasticity and spatial memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian O Siri
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martıín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Rozés-Salvador
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Emilce Artur de la Villarmois
- IFEC, CONICET, Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UNC, Haya de la Torre Y Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa S Ghersi
- IFEC, CONICET, Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UNC, Haya de la Torre Y Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martıín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela F Pérez
- IFEC, CONICET, Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UNC, Haya de la Torre Y Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Conde
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martıín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
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9
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El Haj M, Gandolphe MC, Gallouj K, Kapogiannis D, Antoine P. From Nose to Memory: The Involuntary Nature of Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memories in Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Senses 2019; 43:27-34. [PMID: 29040475 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that odors may serve as a potent cue for autobiographical retrieval. We tested this hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and investigated whether odor-evoked autobiographical memory is an involuntary process that shares similarities with music-evoked autobiographical memory. Participants with mild AD and controls were asked to retrieve 2 personal memories after odor exposure, after music exposure, and in an odor-and music-free condition. AD participants showed better specificity, emotional experience, mental time travel, and retrieval time after odor and music exposure than in the control condition. Similar beneficial effects of odor and music exposure were observed for autobiographical characteristics (i.e., specificity, emotional experience, and mental time travel), except for retrieval time which was more improved after odor than after music exposure. Interestingly, regression analyses suggested executive involvement in memories evoked in the control condition but not in those evoked after music or odor exposure. These findings suggest the involuntary nature of odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD. They also suggest that olfactory cuing could serve as a useful and ecologically valid tool to stimulate autobiographical memory, at least in the mild stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Tourcoing Hospital, France
| | - Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Department of Geriatrics, Tourcoing Hospital, France
| | | | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, France
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10
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Abstract
Top-down processes conveying contextual information play a major role in shaping odor representations within the olfactory system, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The hippocampus (HPC) is a major source of olfactory top-down modulation, providing direct excitatory inputs to the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). However, HPC-AON projections remain uncharacterized. In an effort to understand how hippocampal inputs are distributed within the AON, we systematically outlined their organization using anterograde and retrograde tracing methods. We found that AON-projecting hippocampal pyramidal neurons are located mostly in the ventral two-thirds of the HPC and are organized topographically such that cells with a ventral to intermediate hippocampal point of origin terminate, respectively, at the medial to lateral AON. Our neuroanatomical findings suggest a potential role for the HPC in the early processing and contextualization of odors which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif J Aqrabawi
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Chul Kim
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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The role of the hippocampus in recognition memory. Cortex 2017; 93:155-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Codocedo JF, Inestrosa NC. Environmental control of microRNAs in the nervous system: Implications in plasticity and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 60:121-38. [PMID: 26593111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) a little over 20 years ago was revolutionary given that miRNAs are essential to numerous physiological and physiopathological processes. Currently, several aspects of the biogenic process of miRNAs and of the translational repression mechanism exerted on their targets mRNAs are known in detail. In fact, the development of bioinformatics tools for predicting miRNA targets has established that miRNAs have the potential to regulate almost all known biological processes. Therefore, the identification of the signals and molecular mechanisms that regulate miRNA function is relevant to understanding the role of miRNAs in both pathological and adaptive processes. Recently, a series of studies has focused on miRNA expression in the brain, establishing that their levels are altered in response to various environmental factors (EFs), such as light, sound, odorants, nutrients, drugs and stress. In this review, we discuss how exposure to various EFs modulates the expression and function of several miRNAs in the nervous system and how this control determines adaptation to their environment, behavior and disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Codocedo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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13
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Zhang Y, Chopp M, Meng Y, Zhang ZG, Doppler E, Winter S, Schallert T, Mahmood A, Xiong Y. Cerebrolysin improves cognitive performance in rats after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:843-55. [PMID: 25614944 DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Long-term memory deficits occur after mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), and effective treatment modalities are currently unavailable. Cerebrolysin, a peptide preparation mimicking the action of neurotrophic factors, has beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. The present study investigated the long-term effects of Cerebrolysin treatment on cognitive function in rats after mTBI. METHODS Rats subjected to closed-head mTBI were treated with saline (n = 11) or Cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, n = 11) starting 24 hours after injury and then daily for 28 days. Sham animals underwent surgery without injury (n = 8). To evaluate cognitive function, the modified Morris water maze (MWM) test and a social odor-based novelty recognition task were performed after mTBI. All rats were killed on Day 90 after mTBI, and brain sections were immunostained for histological analyses of amyloid precursor protein (APP), astrogliosis, neuroblasts, and neurogenesis. RESULTS Mild TBI caused long-lasting cognitive memory deficits in the MWM and social odor recognition tests up to 90 days after injury. Compared with saline treatment, Cerebrolysin treatment significantly improved both long-term spatial learning and memory in the MWM test and nonspatial recognition memory in the social odor recognition task up to 90 days after mTBI (p < 0.05). Cerebrolysin significantly increased the number of neuroblasts and promoted neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and it reduced APP levels and astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, cortex, dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3 regions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Cerebrolysin treatment of mTBI improves long-term cognitive function, and this improvement may be partially related to decreased brain APP accumulation and astrogliosis as well as increased neuroblasts and neurogenesis.
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14
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Olivito L, Saccone P, Perri V, Bachman JL, Fragapane P, Mele A, Huganir RL, De Leonibus E. Phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit regulates memory load capacity. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:591-603. [PMID: 25381005 PMCID: PMC4425615 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory capacity (MC) refers to the number of elements one can maintain for a short retention interval. The molecular mechanisms underlying MC are unexplored. We have recently reported that mice as well as humans have a limited MC, which is reduced by hippocampal lesions. Here, we addressed the molecular mechanisms supporting MC. GluA1 AMPA-receptors (AMPA-R) mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain and are critically involved in memory. Phosphorylation of GluA1 at serine residues S831 and S845 is promoted by CaMKII and PKA, respectively, and regulates AMPA-R function in memory duration. We hypothesized that AMPA-R phosphorylation may also be a key plastic process for supporting MC because it occurs in a few minutes, and potentiates AMPA-R ion channel function. Here, we show that knock-in mutant mice that specifically lack both of S845 and S831 phosphorylation sites on the GluA1 subunit had reduced MC in two different behavioral tasks specifically designed to assess MC in mice. This demonstrated a causal link between AMPA-R phosphorylation and MC. We then showed that information load regulates AMPA-R phosphorylation within the hippocampus, and that an overload condition associated with impaired memory is paralleled by a lack of AMPA-R phosphorylation. Accordingly, we showed that in conditions of high load, but not of low load, the pharmacological inhibition of the NMDA–CaMKII–PKA pathways within the hippocampus prevents memory as well as associated AMPA-R phosphorylation. These data provide the first identified molecular mechanism that regulates MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Olivito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Saccone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Perri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca in Neurobiologia-D. Bovet, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Julia L Bachman
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hunterian 1001, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Paola Fragapane
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca in Neurobiologia-D. Bovet, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hunterian 1001, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
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15
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Saive AL, Royet JP, Plailly J. A review on the neural bases of episodic odor memory: from laboratory-based to autobiographical approaches. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:240. [PMID: 25071494 PMCID: PMC4083449 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Odors are powerful cues that trigger episodic memories. However, in light of the amount of behavioral data describing the characteristics of episodic odor memory, the paucity of information available on the neural substrates of this function is startling. Furthermore, the diversity of experimental paradigms complicates the identification of a generic episodic odor memory network. We conduct a systematic review of the literature depicting the current state of the neural correlates of episodic odor memory in healthy humans by placing a focus on the experimental approaches. Functional neuroimaging data are introduced by a brief characterization of the memory processes investigated. We present and discuss laboratory-based approaches, such as odor recognition and odor associative memory, and autobiographical approaches, such as the evaluation of odor familiarity and odor-evoked autobiographical memory. We then suggest the development of new laboratory-ecological approaches allowing for the controlled encoding and retrieval of specific multidimensional events that could open up new prospects for the comprehension of episodic odor memory and its neural underpinnings. While large conceptual differences distinguish experimental approaches, the overview of the functional neuroimaging findings suggests relatively stable neural correlates of episodic odor memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Saive
- Olfaction: from Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-University Lyon1 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Royet
- Olfaction: from Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-University Lyon1 Lyon, France
| | - Jane Plailly
- Olfaction: from Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-University Lyon1 Lyon, France
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16
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Bernal-Mondragón C, Rivas-Arancibia S, Kendrick KM, Guevara-Guzmán R. Estradiol prevents olfactory dysfunction induced by A-β 25-35 injection in hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:104. [PMID: 24059981 PMCID: PMC3849069 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson, present an olfactory impairment in early stages, and sometimes even before the clinical symptoms begin. In this study, we assess the role of CA1 hippocampus (structure highly affected in Alzheimer disease) subfield in the rats’ olfactory behavior, and the neuroprotective effect of 17 beta estradiol (E2) against the oxidative stress produced by the injection of amyloid beta 25–35. Results 162 Wistar rats were ovariectomized and two weeks after injected with 2 μl of amyloid beta 25–35 (A-β25–35) in CA1 subfield. Olfactory behavior was evaluated with a social recognition test, odor discrimination, and search tests. Oxidative stress was evaluated with FOX assay and Western Blot against 4-HNE, Fluoro Jade staining was made to quantify degenerated neurons; all these evaluations were performed 24 h, 8 or 15 days after A-β25–35 injection. Three additional groups treated with 17 beta estradiol (E2) were also evaluated. The injection of A-β25–35 produced an olfactory impairment 24 h and 8 days after, whereas a partial recovery of the olfactory behavior was observed at 15 days. A complete prevention of the olfactory impairment was observed with the administration of E2 two weeks before the amyloid injection (A-β25–35 24 h + E2) and one or two weeks after (groups 8 A-β +E2 and 15 A-β +E2 days, respectively); a decrease of the oxidative stress and neurodegeneration were also observed. Conclusions Our finding shows that CA1 hippocampus subfield plays an important role in the olfactory behavior of the rat. The oxidative stress generated by the administration of A-β25–35 is enough to produce an olfactory impairment. This can be prevented with the administration of E2 before and after amyloid injection. This suggests a possible therapeutic use of estradiol in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bernal-Mondragón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo, Postal 70250, D,F, México, Delegación Coyoacán 04510, Mexico.
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17
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Lehn H, Kjønigsen LJ, Kjelvik G, Håberg AK. Hippocampal involvement in retrieval of odor vs. object memories. Hippocampus 2012; 23:122-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Sohrabi HR, Bates KA, Weinborn MG, Johnston ANB, Bahramian A, Taddei K, Laws SM, Rodrigues M, Morici M, Howard M, Martins G, Mackay-Sim A, Gandy SE, Martins RN. Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e118. [PMID: 22832962 PMCID: PMC3365262 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of olfactory dysfunction in individuals at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease has significant diagnostic and screening implications for preventive and ameliorative drug trials. Olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification can be reliably recorded in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study has examined the ability of various olfactory functions in predicting cognitive decline in a community-dwelling sample. A group of 308 participants, aged 46-86 years old, were recruited for this study. After 3 years of follow-up, participants were divided into cognitively declined and non-declined groups based on their performance on a neuropsychological battery. Assessment of olfactory functions using the Sniffin' Sticks battery indicated that, contrary to previous findings, olfactory discrimination, but not olfactory identification, significantly predicted subsequent cognitive decline (odds ratio = 0.869; P<0.05; 95% confidence interval = 0.764-0.988). The current study findings confirm previously reported associations between olfactory and cognitive functions, and indicate that impairment in olfactory discrimination can predict future cognitive decline. These findings further our current understanding of the association between cognition and olfaction, and support olfactory assessment in screening those at higher risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Sohrabi
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia,The Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - K A Bates
- The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia,The Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - M G Weinborn
- The School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - A N B Johnston
- Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Bahramian
- The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - K Taddei
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia,The Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - S M Laws
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia,The Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - M Rodrigues
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - M Morici
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - M Howard
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - G Martins
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - A Mackay-Sim
- Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - S E Gandy
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R N Martins
- The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia,The Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,The School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. E-mail:
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Sannino S, Russo F, Torromino G, Pendolino V, Calabresi P, De Leonibus E. Role of the dorsal hippocampus in object memory load. Learn Mem 2012; 19:211-8. [PMID: 22523415 DOI: 10.1101/lm.025213.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal hippocampus is crucial for mammalian spatial memory, but its exact role in item memory is still hotly debated. Recent evidence in humans suggested that the hippocampus might be selectively involved in item short-term memory to deal with an increasing memory load. In this study, we sought to test this hypothesis. To this aim we developed a novel behavioral procedure to study object memory load in mice by progressively increasing the stimulus set size in the spontaneous object recognition task. Using this procedure, we demonstrated that naive mice have a memory span, which is the number of elements they can remember for a short-time interval, of about six objects. Then, we showed that excitotoxic selective lesions of the dorsal hippocampus did not impair novel object discrimination in the condition of low memory load. In contrast, the same lesion impaired novel object discrimination in the high memory load condition, and reduced the object memory span to four objects. These results have important heuristic and clinical implications because they open new perspective toward the understanding of the role of the hippocampus in item memory and in memory span deficits occurring in human pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy
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20
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Farley SJ, McKay BM, Disterhoft JF, Weiss C. Reevaluating hippocampus-dependent learning in FVB/N mice. Behav Neurosci 2011; 125:871-8. [PMID: 22122148 PMCID: PMC3246014 DOI: 10.1037/a0026033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The FVB/N (FVB) mouse has been a popular background strain for constructing transgenic mice. However, behavioral phenotyping of the resultant mice is complicated, due to severe visual impairment in the FVB background strain. Previous studies reported cognitive impairments with the FVB strain, suggesting the background as unsuitable for behavioral analysis. In this study, we compared FVB mice to the well-characterized C57BL/6 (B6) strain in a battery of hippocampus-dependent tasks that had several nonvisual cues. The tasks included: trace eyeblink conditioning, spontaneous alternation in the Y maze, social recognition, trace and contextual fear conditioning, and odor habituation-dishabituation. FVB mice were able to learn all the tasks, often to similar levels as B6 mice. In contrast to previous reports, our data suggest FVB mice are not cognitively deficient with temporal memory tasks, when the tasks do not rely heavily upon vision. Thus, the FVB strain may be used as the genetic background for behavioral phenotyping when nonvisual hippocampal-dependent tasks are utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Farley
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
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21
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Wixted JT, Squire LR. The medial temporal lobe and the attributes of memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15:210-7. [PMID: 21481629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging and lesion studies have seemed to converge on the idea that the hippocampus selectively supports recollection. However, these studies usually involve a comparison between strong recollection-based memories and weak familiarity-based memories. Studies that avoid confounding memory strength with recollection and familiarity almost always find that the hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity. We argue that the functional organization of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is unlikely to be illuminated by the psychological distinction between recollection and familiarity and will be better informed by findings from neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. These findings indicate that the different structures of the MTL process different attributes of experience. By representing the widest array of attributes, the hippocampus supports recollection-based and familiarity-based memory of multiattribute stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Wixted
- Department of Psychology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Tarantino IS, Sharp RF, Geyer MA, Meves JM, Young JW. Working memory span capacity improved by a D2 but not D1 receptor family agonist. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:181-8. [PMID: 21232557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit poor working memory (WM). Although several subcomponents of WM can be measured, evidence suggests the primary subcomponent affected in schizophrenia is span capacity (WMC). Indeed, the NIMH-funded MATRICS initiative recommended assaying the WMC when assessing the efficacy of a putative therapeutic for FDA approval. Although dopamine D1 receptor agonists improve delay-dependent memory in animals, evidence for improvements in WMC due to dopamine D1 receptor activation is limited. In contrast, the dopamine D2-family agonist bromocriptine improves WMC in humans. The radial arm maze (RAM) can be used to assess WMC, although complications due to ceiling effects or strategy confounds have limited its use. We describe a 12-arm RAM protocol designed to assess whether the dopamine D1-family agonist SKF 38393 (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or bromocriptine (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) could improve WMC in C57BL/6N mice (n=12) in cross-over designs. WMC increased and strategy usage decreased with training. The dopamine D1 agonist SKF 38393 had no effect on WMC or long-term memory. Bromocriptine decreased WMC errors, without affecting long-term memory, consistent with human studies. These data confirm that WMC can be measured in mice and reveal drug effects that are consistent with reported effects in humans. Future research is warranted to identify the subtype of the D2-family of receptors responsible for the observed improvement in WMC. Finally, this RAM procedure may prove useful in developing animal models of deficient WMC to further assess putative treatments for the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadore S Tarantino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, United States
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Guerreiro-Diniz C, de Melo Paz RB, Hamad MHS, Filho CS, Martins AAV, Neves HB, de Souza Cunha ED, Alves GC, de Sousa LA, Dias IA, Trévia N, de Sousa AA, Passos A, Lins N, Torres Neto JB, da Costa Vasconcelos PF, Picanço-Diniz CW. Hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the Cebus monkey: Architectonic and stereological study. J Chem Neuroanat 2010; 40:148-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mathew J, Gangadharan G, Kuruvilla KP, Paulose CS. Behavioral deficit and decreased GABA receptor functional regulation in the hippocampus of epileptic rats: effect of Bacopa monnieri. Neurochem Res 2010; 36:7-16. [PMID: 20821261 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, alterations of the General GABA and GABA(A) receptors in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epileptic rats and the therapeutic application of Bacopa monnieri and its active component Bacoside-A were investigated. Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) is a herbaceous plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Hippocampus is the major region of the brain belonging to the limbic system and plays an important role in epileptogenesis, memory and learning. Scatchard analysis of [³H]GABA and [³H]bicuculline in the hippocampus of the epileptic rat showed significant decrease in B(max) (P < 0.001) compared to control. Real Time PCR amplification of GABA(A) receptor sub-units such as GABA(Aά₁), GABA(Aά₅) GABA(Aδ), and GAD were down regulated (P < 0.001) in the hippocampus of the epileptic rats compared to control. GABA(Aγ) subunit was up regulated. Epileptic rats have deficit in the radial arm and Y maze performance. Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A treatment reverses all these changes near to control. Our results suggest that decreased GABA receptors in the hippocampus have an important role in epilepsy associated behavioral deficit, Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A have clinical significance in the management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Mathew
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022 Kerala, India
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25
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The Privileged Brain Representation of First Olfactory Associations. Curr Biol 2009; 19:1869-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Gilbert PE, Hopkins RO. The Role of the Human Hippocampus in Odor-Place Associative Memory. Chem Senses 2009; 34:513-21. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Shrager Y, Kirwan CB, Squire LR. Activity in both hippocampus and perirhinal cortex predicts the memory strength of subsequently remembered information. Neuron 2008; 59:547-53. [PMID: 18760691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that hippocampal activity predicts subsequent recognition success when recognition decisions are based disproportionately on recollection, whereas perirhinal activity predicts recognition success when decisions are based primarily on familiarity. Another perspective is that both hippocampal and perirhinal activity are predictive of overall memory strength. We tested the relationship between brain activity during learning and subsequent memory strength. Activity in a number of cortical regions (including regions within the "default network") was negatively correlated with subsequent memory strength, suggesting that this activity reflects inattention or mind wandering (and, consequently, poor memory). In contrast, activity in both hippocampus and perirhinal cortex positively correlated with the subsequent memory strength of remembered items. This finding suggests that both structures cooperate during learning to determine the memory strength of what is being learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Shrager
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Progressive impairment in olfactory working memory in a mouse model of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 30:1430-43. [PMID: 18242780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), exhibiting both working memory and olfactory deficits are likely to progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting this pre-clinical AD population with disease modifying agents or cognitive enhancers represents the best strategy for halting or delaying the impact of this pernicious disease. However, there is a paucity of animal models of MCI with which to assess putative therapeutic strategies. We describe an odour span task which assesses the ability of mice to remember lists of odours, and report subtle cognitive deficits in human amyloid over-expressing (Tg2576) mice, at an age prior to plaque deposition. Four-month-old Tg2576 mice exhibited normal acquisition and performance in the standard 12-span task, but were significantly impaired when memory load was increased to 22 odours. By 8-months, a performance deficit was apparent in the 12-span task and by 1-year mice also exhibited significant acquisition deficits. Thus, by assessing olfactory working memory in Tg2576 mice we can model aspects of MCI in rodents and aid development of future therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Mendez IA, Montgomery KS, LaSarge CL, Simon NW, Bizon JL, Setlow B. Long-term effects of prior cocaine exposure on Morris water maze performance. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2007; 89:185-91. [PMID: 17904876 PMCID: PMC2258220 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is associated with long-term cognitive alterations including deficits on tests of declarative/spatial learning and memory. To determine the extent to which cocaine exposure plays a causative role in these deficits, adult male Long-Evans rats were given daily injections of cocaine (30 mg/kg/day x 14 days) or saline vehicle. Three months later, rats were trained for 6 sessions on a Morris water maze protocol adapted from Gallagher, Burwell, and Burchinal [Gallagher, M., Burwell, R., & Burchinal, M. (1993). Severity of spatial learning impairment in aging: development of a learning index for performance in the Morris water maze. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 618-626]. Rats given prior cocaine exposure performed similarly to controls on training trials, but searched farther from the platform location on probe trials interpolated throughout the training sessions and showed increased thigmotaxis. The results demonstrate that a regimen of cocaine exposure can impair Morris water maze performance as long as 3 months after exposure. Although the impairments were not consistent with major deficits in spatial learning and memory, they may have resulted from cocaine-induced increases in stress responsiveness and/or anxiety. Increased stress and anxiety would be expected to increase thigmotaxis as well as cause impairments in searching for the platform location, possibly through actions on ventral striatal dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Mendez
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
| | | | - Candi L. LaSarge
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
| | - Nicholas W. Simon
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
| | - Jennifer L. Bizon
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
- Faculty of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
- Faculty of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843−4235
- Corresponding author: Barry Setlow, Ph.D. Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience Program Department of Psychology Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843−4235 Telephone: (979) 845−2507 Fax: (979) 845−4727
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