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Sanesteban-Beceiro E, Fenollar-Cortés M, Herrero-Forte C, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Catalán-Alonso MJ, Alonso-Frech F. Expanding the Phenotypic Variability of PMPCA-Related Ataxia. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:894-896. [PMID: 38696267 PMCID: PMC11233841 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Fenollar-Cortés
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Clinical Analysis Department, Institut of Laboratory Medicine, IdISSC, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Herrero-Forte
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Clinical Analysis Department, Institut of Laboratory Medicine, IdISSC, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Gómez-Mayordomo
- Department of Neurology, Vithas Madrid La Milagrosa University Hospital, Vithas Hospital Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Catalán-Alonso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, IdISSC, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Alonso-Frech
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, IdISSC, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Rambani V, Kolnikova M, Cagalinec M, Skopkova M, Gasperikova D. PMPCA-Related Encephalopathy: Novel Variants, Phenotype Extension, and Mitochondrial Morphology. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200106. [PMID: 38235041 PMCID: PMC10683851 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The PMPCA gene encodes the α-subunit of mitochondrial processing peptidase (α-MPP), an enzyme responsible for cleavage of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins after their import into mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been described in patients with nonprogressive or slow progressive cerebellar ataxia, with variable age at onset and severity. Cerebellar atrophy and striatum changes were found in severe cases. Methods The patient was diagnosed using whole exome sequencing. Skin fibroblasts were used for confirmation of α-MPP levels using western blot and mitochondrial morphology assessment of immunofluorescent confocal microscopy images. Results Two novel compound heterozygous variants in the PMPCA gene (p.Tyr241Ser and p.Met251Val) were identified in an 8-year-old proband with progressive spastic quadriparesis, delayed psychomotor development, and intellectual disability, with onset at 13 months. The brain imaging showed cortical and cerebellar atrophy, reduced volume of basal ganglia with striatum hyperintensity, and periventricular white matter changes. The patient's fibroblasts showed a decreased α-MPP level and reduced and fragmented mitochondria. Discussion The described case contributes to the number of patients with progressive PMPCA-related disease with a severe intermediate phenotype. Moreover, we extend the phenotype to Leigh-like white matter changes that have not been described in previously reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Rambani
- From the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology (V.R., M.C., M.S., D.G.), Biomedical Reserach Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Medical Faculty of Comenius University and National Institute of Childern's Diseases (M.K.); Centre of Excellence for Advanced Material Application (M.C.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miriam Kolnikova
- From the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology (V.R., M.C., M.S., D.G.), Biomedical Reserach Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Medical Faculty of Comenius University and National Institute of Childern's Diseases (M.K.); Centre of Excellence for Advanced Material Application (M.C.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- From the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology (V.R., M.C., M.S., D.G.), Biomedical Reserach Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Medical Faculty of Comenius University and National Institute of Childern's Diseases (M.K.); Centre of Excellence for Advanced Material Application (M.C.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Skopkova
- From the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology (V.R., M.C., M.S., D.G.), Biomedical Reserach Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Medical Faculty of Comenius University and National Institute of Childern's Diseases (M.K.); Centre of Excellence for Advanced Material Application (M.C.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- From the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology (V.R., M.C., M.S., D.G.), Biomedical Reserach Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Medical Faculty of Comenius University and National Institute of Childern's Diseases (M.K.); Centre of Excellence for Advanced Material Application (M.C.), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Czaplewska P, Bogucka A, Macur K, Rybicka M, Rychłowski M, Fiołka MJ. Proteomic response of A549 lung cancer cell line to protein-polysaccharide complex Venetin-1 isolated from earthworm coelomic fluid. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1128320. [PMID: 37377864 PMCID: PMC10292018 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1128320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthworms' celomic fluid has long attracted scientists' interest due to their toxic properties. It has been shown that the elimination of coelomic fluid cytotoxicity to normal human cells was crucial for the generation of the non-toxic Venetin-1 protein-polysaccharide complex, which exhibits selective activity against Candida albicans cells as well as A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. To find the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-cancer properties of the preparation, this research investigated the proteome response of A549 cells to the presence of Venetin-1. The sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) methodology was used for the analysis, which allows for a relative quantitative analysis to be carried out without radiolabelling. The results showed that the formulation did not induce significant proteome responses in normal BEAS-2B cells. In the case of the tumour line, 31 proteins were up regulated, and 18 proteins down regulated. Proteins with increased expression in neoplastic cells are mainly associated with the mitochondrion, membrane transport and the endoplasmic reticulum. In the case of altered proteins, Venetin-1 interferes with proteins that stabilise the structures, i.e., keratin, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Macur
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Rybicka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta J. Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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4
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De Santis T, Serpieri V, Biagini T, Lanotte M, Criffò C, Mazza T, Valente EM, Albanese A. Dystonia as Presenting Feature of Compound Heterozygous PMPCA Gene Variants. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:1020-1023. [PMID: 37332652 PMCID: PMC10272896 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana De Santis
- Department of NeurologyIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalRozzano, MilanItaly
| | | | - Tommaso Biagini
- Laboratory of BioinformaticsIRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Michele Lanotte
- Functional Neurosurgery, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Carlotta Criffò
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Laboratory of BioinformaticsIRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research CenterIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Alberto Albanese
- Department of NeurologyIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalRozzano, MilanItaly
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5
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Shin WH, Chung KC. Tollip negatively regulates mitophagy by promoting the mitochondrial processing and cytoplasmic release of PINK1. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35725015 PMCID: PMC9623242 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates several substrates and exerts neuroprotective effects against stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Mutations in PINK1 have been linked to autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that selectively promotes mitochondrial turnover and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) was initially identified as a negative regulator of IL-1β receptor signaling, suppressing inflammatory TLR signaling cascades. Recently, Tollip has been reported to play a role in autophagy and is implicated in neurodegeneration. In this study, we determined whether Tollip was functionally linked to PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Our results demonstrated that Tollip promoted the mitochondrial processing of PINK1 and altered the localization of PINK1, predominantly to the cytosol. This action was attributed to increased binding of PINK1 to mitochondrial processing peptidase β (MPPβ) and the subsequent increase in MPPβ-mediated mitochondrial PINK1 cleavage. Furthermore, Tollip suppressed mitophagy following carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings suggest that Tollip inhibits mitophagy via the PINK1/parkin pathway upon mitochondrial damage, leading to the blockade of PINK1-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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6
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Stutterd CA, Vanderver A, Lockhart PJ, Helman G, Pope K, Uebergang E, Love C, Delatycki MB, Thorburn D, Mackay MT, Peters H, Kornberg AJ, Patel C, Rodriguez-Casero V, Waak M, Silberstein J, Sinclair A, Nolan M, Field M, Davis MR, Fahey M, Scheffer IE, Freeman JL, Wolf NI, Taft RJ, van der Knaap MS, Simons C, Leventer RJ. Unclassified white matter disorders: A diagnostic journey requiring close collaboration between clinical and laboratory services. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104551. [PMID: 35803560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing studies have revealed an ever-increasing number of causes for genetic disorders of central nervous system white matter. A substantial number of disorders are identifiable from their specific pattern of biochemical and/or imaging findings for which single gene testing may be indicated. Beyond this group, the causes of genetic white matter disorders are unclear and a broader approach to genomic testing is recommended. AIM This study aimed to identify the genetic causes for a group of individuals with unclassified white matter disorders with suspected genetic aetiology and highlight the investigations required when the initial testing is non-diagnostic. METHODS Twenty-six individuals from 22 families with unclassified white matter disorders underwent deep phenotyping and genome sequencing performed on trio, or larger, family groups. Functional studies and transcriptomics were used to resolve variants of uncertain significance with potential clinical relevance. RESULTS Causative or candidate variants were identified in 15/22 (68.2%) families. Six of the 15 implicated genes had been previously associated with white matter disease (COL4A1, NDUFV1, SLC17A5, TUBB4A, BOLA3, DARS2). Patients with variants in the latter two presented with an atypical phenotype. The other nine genes had not been specifically associated with white matter disease at the time of diagnosis and included genes associated with monogenic syndromes, developmental disorders, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (STAG2, LSS, FIG4, GLS, PMPCA, SPTBN1, AGO2, SCN2A, SCN8A). Consequently, only 46% of the diagnoses would have been made via a current leukodystrophy gene panel test. DISCUSSION These results confirm the importance of broad genomic testing for patients with white matter disorders. The high diagnostic yield reflects the integration of deep phenotyping, whole genome sequencing, trio analysis, functional studies, and transcriptomic analyses. CONCLUSIONS Genetic white matter disorders are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous. Deep phenotyping together with a range of genomic technologies underpin the identification of causes of unclassified white matter disease. A molecular diagnosis is essential for prognostication, appropriate management, and accurate reproductive counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Stutterd
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - P J Lockhart
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Helman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Pope
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Uebergang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Love
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - M B Delatycki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M T Mackay
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Metabolic Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - A J Kornberg
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Children's Hospital, South Brisbane Queensland, Australia; Centre for Children's Health Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Rodriguez-Casero
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Waak
- Centre for Children's Health Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurosciences, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Silberstein
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Sinclair
- Department of Neurosciences, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Nolan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service, Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Path West Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - M Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - I E Scheffer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - J L Freeman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N I Wolf
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J Taft
- Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M S van der Knaap
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - R J Leventer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Charif M, Chevrollier A, Gueguen N, Kane S, Bris C, Goudenège D, Desquiret-Dumas V, Meunier I, Mochel F, Jeanjean L, Varenne F, Procaccio V, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Amati-Bonneau P, Lenaers G. Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Novel PMPCA Variants in Patients with Late-Onset Dominant Optic Atrophy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1202. [PMID: 35885985 PMCID: PMC9320445 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant Optic Atrophy (DOA) is one of the most common inherited mitochondrial diseases, leading to blindness. It is caused by the chronic degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons forming the optic nerve. Until now, DOA has been mainly associated with genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial network dynamics. Using next-generation and exome sequencing, we identified for the first time heterozygous PMPCA variants having a causative role in the pathology of late-onset primary DOA in five patients. PMPCA encodes an α subunit of the mitochondrial peptidase (MPP), responsible for the cleavage and maturation of the mitochondrial precursor proteins imported from the cytoplasm into mitochondria. Recently, PMPCA has been identified as the gene responsible for Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCAR2) and another severe recessive mitochondrial disease. In this study, four PMPCA variants were identified, two are frameshifts (c.309delA and c.820delG) classified as pathogenic and two are missenses (c.1363G>A and c.1547G>A) classified with uncertain pathological significance. Functional assays on patients’ fibroblasts show a hyperconnection of the mitochondrial network and revealed that frameshift variants reduced α-MPP levels, while not significantly affecting the respiratory machinery. These results suggest that alterations in mitochondrial peptidase function can affect the fusion-fission balance, a key element in maintaining the physiology of retinal ganglion cells, and consequently lead to their progressive degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Charif
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Genetics and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Selma Kane
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
| | - Céline Bris
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - David Goudenège
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Valerie Desquiret-Dumas
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Luc Jeanjean
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nîmes University Hospital, CEDEX 9, 30900 Nîmes, France;
| | - Fanny Varenne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Genetics, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Genetics, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab Team, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, SFR ICAT, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (M.C.); (A.C.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (C.B.); (D.G.); (V.D.-D.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (D.B.); (P.A.-B.)
- Service de Neurologie, University Hospital Angers, 49933 Angers, France
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9
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Kunová N, Havalová H, Ondrovičová G, Stojkovičová B, Bauer JA, Bauerová-Hlinková V, Pevala V, Kutejová E. Mitochondrial Processing Peptidases-Structure, Function and the Role in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1297. [PMID: 35163221 PMCID: PMC8835746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. While some of the essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes responsible for cellular ATP production are synthesized directly in the mitochondria, most mitochondrial proteins are first translated in the cytosol and then imported into the organelle using a sophisticated transport system. These proteins are directed mainly by targeting presequences at their N-termini. These presequences need to be cleaved to allow the proper folding and assembly of the pre-proteins into functional protein complexes. In the mitochondria, the presequences are removed by several processing peptidases, including the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), the inner membrane processing peptidase (IMP), the inter-membrane processing peptidase (MIP), and the mitochondrial rhomboid protease (Pcp1/PARL). Their proper functioning is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis as the disruption of any of them is lethal in yeast and severely impacts the lifespan and survival in humans. In this review, we focus on characterizing the structure, function, and substrate specificities of mitochondrial processing peptidases, as well as the connection of their malfunctions to severe human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Kutejová
- Department of Biochemistry and Protein Structure, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.H.); (G.O.); (B.S.); (J.A.B.); (V.B.-H.); (V.P.)
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10
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Zhao F, Zou MH. Role of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Machinery and Protein Processing in Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:749756. [PMID: 34651031 PMCID: PMC8505727 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.749756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular energy production, metabolic homeostasis, calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. About 99% of mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, synthesized as precursors in the cytosol, and imported into mitochondria by mitochondrial protein import machinery. Mitochondrial protein import systems function not only as independent units for protein translocation, but also are deeply integrated into a functional network of mitochondrial bioenergetics, protein quality control, mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, and interaction with other organelles. Mitochondrial protein import deficiency is linked to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe an emerging class of protein or genetic variations of components of the mitochondrial import machinery involved in heart disease. The major protein import pathways, including the presequence pathway (TIM23 pathway), the carrier pathway (TIM22 pathway), and the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly machinery, related translocases, proteinases, and chaperones, are discussed here. This review highlights the importance of mitochondrial import machinery in heart disease, which deserves considerable attention, and further studies are urgently needed. Ultimately, this knowledge may be critical for the development of therapeutic strategies in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Molecular Insights into Mitochondrial Protein Translocation and Human Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071031. [PMID: 34356047 PMCID: PMC8305315 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human mitochondria, mtDNA encodes for only 13 proteins, all components of the OXPHOS system. The rest of the mitochondrial components, which make up approximately 99% of its proteome, are encoded in the nuclear genome, synthesized in cytosolic ribosomes and imported into mitochondria. Different import machineries translocate mitochondrial precursors, depending on their nature and the final destination inside the organelle. The proper and coordinated function of these molecular pathways is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we will review molecular details about these pathways, which components have been linked to human disease and future perspectives on the field to expand the genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases.
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12
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Takahashi Y, Kubota M, Kosaki R, Kosaki K, Ishiguro A. A severe form of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia associated with novel PMPCA variants. Brain Dev 2021; 43:464-469. [PMID: 33272776 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 2 (SCAR2) [MIM:213200] is a rare autosomal recessive disease of spinocerebellar ataxia associated with degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCAR2 is characterized by onset of impaired motor development and ataxic gait in early childhood. Recently, several PMPCA gene variants have been reported in SCAR2 patients with mild and non-progressive symptoms. PMPCA codes frataxin, which is crucial for iron biosynthesis in cells. We report a case of a 15-year-old Japanese girl with infancy-onset, very severe and progressive developmental delay, cerebellar ataxia, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy and excessive brain iron accumulation in the bilateral globus pallidi and substantia nigra. Based on the clinical phenotypes and imaging, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation was suspected. Whole-exome sequencing on the proband and her parents revealed novel compound heterozygous variants at c.667C > T (p.Arg223Cys) and c.853del (p.Asp285llefs*16) in PMPCA. Thus, her disease was diagnosed as SCAR2. Phenotype in our case was different from ones previously reported for SCARs in the points of much severer clinical presentations with extrapyramidal signs and imaging suspected iron accumulation, and might overlap neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation or NBIA subtypes. Our case might provide a new insight into PMPCA gene-related disorders and expand the disease concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Rika Kosaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, NCCHD, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiguro
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Gomez-Fabra Gala M, Vögtle FN. Mitochondrial proteases in human diseases. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1205-1222. [PMID: 33453058 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain more than 1000 different proteins, including several proteolytic enzymes. These mitochondrial proteases form a complex system that performs limited and terminal proteolysis to build the mitochondrial proteome, maintain, and control its functions or degrade mitochondrial proteins and peptides. During protein biogenesis, presequence proteases cleave and degrade mitochondrial targeting signals to obtain mature functional proteins. Processing by proteases also exerts a regulatory role in modulation of mitochondrial functions and quality control enzymes degrade misfolded, aged, or superfluous proteins. Depending on their different functions and substrates, defects in mitochondrial proteases can affect the majority of the mitochondrial proteome or only a single protein. Consequently, mutations in mitochondrial proteases have been linked to several human diseases. This review gives an overview of the components and functions of the mitochondrial proteolytic machinery and highlights the pathological consequences of dysfunctional mitochondrial protein processing and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez-Fabra Gala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Palmer CS, Anderson AJ, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein import dysfunction: mitochondrial disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1107-1131. [PMID: 33314127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of proteins localised to mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, with approximately 1500 proteins imported into mammalian mitochondria. Dysfunction in this fundamental cellular process is linked to a variety of pathologies including neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, demonstrating the importance of mitochondrial protein import machinery for cellular function. Correct import of proteins into mitochondria requires the co-ordinated activity of multimeric protein translocation and sorting machineries located in both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, directing the imported proteins to the destined mitochondrial compartment. This dynamic process maintains cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation significantly affects cellular signalling pathways and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the mammalian mitochondrial import machinery and the pathological consequences of mutation of its components. In addition, we will discuss the role of mitochondrial import in cancer, and our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial import in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Kücükköse C, Taskin AA, Marada A, Brummer T, Dennerlein S, Vögtle FN. Functional coupling of presequence processing and degradation in human mitochondria. FEBS J 2021; 288:600-613. [PMID: 32491259 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial proteome is built and maintained mainly by import of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins. Most of these precursors use N-terminal presequences as targeting signals that are removed by mitochondrial matrix proteases. The essential mitochondrial processing protease MPP cleaves presequences after import into the organelle thereby enabling protein folding and functionality. The cleaved presequences are subsequently degraded by peptidases. While most of these processes have been discovered in yeast, characterization of the human enzymes is still scarce. As the matrix presequence peptidase PreP has been reported to play a role in Alzheimer's disease, analysis of impaired peptide turnover in human cells is of huge interest. Here, we report the characterization of HEK293T PreP knockout cells. Loss of PreP causes severe defects in oxidative phosphorylation and changes in nuclear expression of stress response marker genes. The mitochondrial defects upon lack of PreP result from the accumulation of presequence peptides that trigger feedback inhibition of MPP and accumulation of nonprocessed precursor proteins. Also, the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase MIP that cleaves eight residues from a subset of precursors after MPP processing is compromised upon loss of PreP suggesting that PreP also degrades MIP generated octapeptides. Investigation of the PrePR183Q patient mutation associated with neurological disorders revealed that the mutation destabilizes the protein making it susceptible to enhanced degradation and aggregation upon heat shock. Taken together, our data reveal a functional coupling between precursor processing by MPP and MIP and presequence degradation by PreP in human mitochondria that is crucial to maintain a functional organellar proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kücükköse
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asli Aras Taskin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany
- DKTK Partner Site Freiburg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike-Nora Vögtle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Human telomerase reverse transcriptase positively regulates mitophagy by inhibiting the processing and cytoplasmic release of mitochondrial PINK1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:425. [PMID: 32513926 PMCID: PMC7280311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homologue-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) gene have been linked to an early-onset autosomal recessive form of familial Parkinson′s disease (PD). PINK1, a mitochondrial serine/threonine-protein kinase, plays an important role in clearing defective mitochondria by mitophagy – the selective removal of mitochondria through autophagy. Evidence suggests that alteration of the PINK1 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of PD, but the mechanisms by which the PINK1 pathway regulates mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy remain unclear. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase that functions in telomere maintenance as well as several non-telomeric activities. For example, hTERT has been associated with cellular immortalization, cell growth control, and mitochondrial regulation. We determined that hTERT negatively regulates the cleavage and cytosolic processing of PINK1 and enhances its mitochondrial localization by inhibiting mitochondrial processing peptidase β (MPPβ). Consequently, hTERT promotes mitophagy following carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and improves the function of damaged mitochondria by modulating PINK1. These findings suggest that hTERT positively regulates PINK1 function, leading to increased mitophagy following mitochondrial damage.
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17
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Zhao M, Havrilla JM, Fang L, Chen Y, Peng J, Liu C, Wu C, Sarmady M, Botas P, Isla J, Lyon GJ, Weng C, Wang K. Phen2Gene: rapid phenotype-driven gene prioritization for rare diseases. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa032. [PMID: 32500119 PMCID: PMC7252576 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms are increasingly used in diagnostic settings to aid in the characterization of patient phenotypes. The HPO annotation database is updated frequently and can provide detailed phenotype knowledge on various human diseases, and many HPO terms are now mapped to candidate causal genes with binary relationships. To further improve the genetic diagnosis of rare diseases, we incorporated these HPO annotations, gene-disease databases and gene-gene databases in a probabilistic model to build a novel HPO-driven gene prioritization tool, Phen2Gene. Phen2Gene accesses a database built upon this information called the HPO2Gene Knowledgebase (H2GKB), which provides weighted and ranked gene lists for every HPO term. Phen2Gene is then able to access the H2GKB for patient-specific lists of HPO terms or PhenoPacket descriptions supported by GA4GH (http://phenopackets.org/), calculate a prioritized gene list based on a probabilistic model and output gene-disease relationships with great accuracy. Phen2Gene outperforms existing gene prioritization tools in speed and acts as a real-time phenotype-driven gene prioritization tool to aid the clinical diagnosis of rare undiagnosed diseases. In addition to a command line tool released under the MIT license (https://github.com/WGLab/Phen2Gene), we also developed a web server and web service (https://phen2gene.wglab.org/) for running the tool via web interface or RESTful API queries. Finally, we have curated a large amount of benchmarking data for phenotype-to-gene tools involving 197 patients across 76 scientific articles and 85 patients' de-identified HPO term data from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhao
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Havrilla
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Fang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Peng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mahdi Sarmady
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pablo Botas
- Foundation 29, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Isla
- Foundation 29, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Dravet Syndrome European Federation, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Gholson J Lyon
- Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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18
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotes. Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated in the cytosol. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins need to be imported, processed, folded, and assembled into their functional states. To maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis), mitochondria are equipped with a distinct set of quality control machineries. Deficiencies in such systems lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a hallmark of aging and many human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the unique challenges and solutions of proteostasis in mitochondria. The import machinery coordinates with mitochondrial proteases and chaperones to maintain the mitochondrial proteome. Moreover, mitochondrial proteostasis depends on cytosolic protein quality control mechanisms during crises. In turn, mitochondria facilitate cytosolic proteostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that enhancing mitochondrial proteostasis may hold therapeutic potential to protect against protein aggregation-associated cellular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Ruan
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , , , , ,
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , , , , ,
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , , , , ,
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Alexis Tomaszewski
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , , , , ,
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Joshua T McNamara
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , , , , ,
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , , , , ,
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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19
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Architecture of The Human Ape1 Interactome Defines Novel Cancers Signatures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:28. [PMID: 31913336 PMCID: PMC6949240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
APE1 is essential in cancer cells due to its central role in the Base Excision Repair pathway of DNA lesions and in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in tumor progression/chemoresistance. Indeed, APE1 overexpression correlates with chemoresistance in more aggressive cancers, and APE1 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) specifically modulate different protein functions in cancer cells. Although important, a detailed investigation on the nature and function of protein interactors regulating APE1 role in tumor progression and chemoresistance is still lacking. The present work was aimed at analyzing the APE1-PPI network with the goal of defining bad prognosis signatures through systematic bioinformatics analysis. By using a well-characterized HeLa cell model stably expressing a flagged APE1 form, which was subjected to extensive proteomics analyses for immunocaptured complexes from different subcellular compartments, we here demonstrate that APE1 is a central hub connecting different subnetworks largely composed of proteins belonging to cancer-associated communities and/or involved in RNA- and DNA-metabolism. When we performed survival analysis in real cancer datasets, we observed that more than 80% of these APE1-PPI network elements is associated with bad prognosis. Our findings, which are hypothesis generating, strongly support the possibility to infer APE1-interactomic signatures associated with bad prognosis of different cancers; they will be of general interest for the future definition of novel predictive disease biomarkers. Future studies will be needed to assess the function of APE1 in the protein complexes we discovered. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013368.
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20
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Beaudin M, Matilla-Dueñas A, Soong BW, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG, Mitoma H, Tsuji S, Schmahmann JD, Manto M, Rouleau GA, Klein C, Dupre N. The Classification of Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias: a Consensus Statement from the Society for Research on the Cerebellum and Ataxias Task Force. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 18:1098-1125. [PMID: 31267374 PMCID: PMC6867988 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no accepted classification of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, a group of disorders characterized by important genetic heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. The objective of this task force was to build a consensus on the classification of autosomal recessive ataxias in order to develop a general approach to a patient presenting with ataxia, organize disorders according to clinical presentation, and define this field of research by identifying common pathogenic molecular mechanisms in these disorders. The work of this task force was based on a previously published systematic scoping review of the literature that identified autosomal recessive disorders characterized primarily by cerebellar motor dysfunction and cerebellar degeneration. The task force regrouped 12 international ataxia experts who decided on general orientation and specific issues. We identified 59 disorders that are classified as primary autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. For each of these disorders, we present geographical and ethnical specificities along with distinctive clinical and imagery features. These primary recessive ataxias were organized in a clinical and a pathophysiological classification, and we present a general clinical approach to the patient presenting with ataxia. We also identified a list of 48 complex multisystem disorders that are associated with ataxia and should be included in the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxias. This classification is the result of a consensus among a panel of international experts, and it promotes a unified understanding of autosomal recessive cerebellar disorders for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaudin
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bing-Weng Soong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital and Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jose Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, UMons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nicolas Dupre
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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21
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Wojcik MH, Schwartz TS, Thiele KE, Paterson H, Stadelmaier R, Mullen TE, VanNoy GE, Genetti CA, Madden JA, Gubbels CS, Yu TW, Tan WH, Agrawal PB. Infant mortality: the contribution of genetic disorders. J Perinatol 2019; 39:1611-1619. [PMID: 31395954 PMCID: PMC6879816 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of infant deaths occurring in the setting of a confirmed genetic disorder. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of infants born from 1 January, 2011 to 1 June, 2017, who died prior to 1 year of age. RESULTS Five hundred and seventy three deceased infants were identified. One hundred and seventeen were confirmed to have a molecular or cytogenetic diagnosis in a clinical diagnostic laboratory and an additional seven were diagnosed by research testing for a total of 124/573 (22%) diagnosed infants. A total of 67/124 (54%) had chromosomal disorders and 58/124 (47%) had single gene disorders (one infant had both). The proportion of diagnoses made by sequencing technologies, such as exome sequencing, increased over the years. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of confirmed genetic disorders within our cohort of infant deaths is higher than that previously reported. Increased efforts are needed to further understand the mortality burden of genetic disorders in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica H. Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Neonatal Genomics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142
| | - Talia S. Schwartz
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Katri E. Thiele
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA, 27834
| | - Heather Paterson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Rachel Stadelmaier
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Thomas E. Mullen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142
| | - Grace E. VanNoy
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142
| | - Casie A. Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Jill A. Madden
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Cynthia S. Gubbels
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142
| | - Timothy W. Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115,The Neonatal Genomics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142
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22
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Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolic hubs that use multiple proteases to maintain proteostasis and to preserve their overall quality. A decline of mitochondrial proteolysis promotes cellular stress and may contribute to the aging process. Mitochondrial proteases have also emerged as tightly regulated enzymes required to support the remarkable mitochondrial plasticity necessary for metabolic adaptation in a number of physiological scenarios. Indeed, the mutation and dysfunction of several mitochondrial proteases can cause specific human diseases with severe metabolic phenotypes. Here, we present an overview of the proteolytic regulation of key mitochondrial functions such as respiration, lipid biosynthesis, and mitochondrial dynamics, all of which are required for metabolic control. We also pay attention to how mitochondrial proteases are acutely regulated in response to cellular stressors or changes in growth conditions, a greater understanding of which may one day uncover their therapeutic potential.
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23
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Li H, Zhang W, Zhang H, Xie Y, Sun C, Di C, Si J, Gan L, Yan J. Mitochondrial proteomics reveals the mechanism of spermatogenic cells apoptosis induced by carbon ion radiation in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22439-22449. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital Wuwei China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Science and Technology Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital Wuwei China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Junfang Yan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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24
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Mitochondrial diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondrial protein import. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1225-1238. [PMID: 30287509 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles which perform complex and varied functions within eukaryotic cells. Maintenance of mitochondrial health and functionality is thus a key cellular priority and relies on the organelle's extensive proteome. The mitochondrial proteome is largely encoded by nuclear genes, and mitochondrial proteins must be sorted to the correct mitochondrial sub-compartment post-translationally. This essential process is carried out by multimeric and dynamic translocation and sorting machineries, which can be found in all four mitochondrial compartments. Interestingly, advances in the diagnosis of genetic disease have revealed that mutations in various components of the human import machinery can cause mitochondrial disease, a heterogenous and often severe collection of disorders associated with energy generation defects and a multisystem presentation often affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Here, we review our current understanding of mitochondrial protein import systems in human cells and the molecular basis of mitochondrial diseases caused by defects in these pathways.
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25
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Wojcik MH, Okada K, Prabhu SP, Nowakowski DW, Ramsey K, Balak C, Rangasamy S, Brownstein CA, Schmitz-Abe K, Cohen JS, Fatemi A, Shi J, Grant EP, Narayanan V, Ho HYH, Agrawal PB. De novo variant in KIF26B is associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia with infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2623-2629. [PMID: 30151950 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
KIF26B is a member of the kinesin superfamily with evolutionarily conserved functions in controlling aspects of embryogenesis, including the development of the nervous system, though its function is incompletely understood. We describe an infant with progressive microcephaly, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and arthrogryposis secondary to the involvement of anterior horn cells and ventral (motor) nerves. We performed whole exome sequencing on the trio and identified a de novo KIF26B missense variant, p.Gly546Ser, in the proband. This variant alters a highly conserved amino acid residue that is part of the phosphate-binding loop motif and motor-like domain and is deemed pathogenic by several in silico methods. Functional analysis of the variant protein in cultured cells revealed a reduction in the KIF26B protein's ability to promote cell adhesion, a defect that potentially contributes to its pathogenicity. Overall, KIF26B may play a critical role in the brain development and, when mutated, cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia with arthrogryposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyoko Okada
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sampath Rangasamy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Catherine A Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ellen P Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Rodan LH, Hauptman M, D'Gama AM, Qualls AE, Cao S, Tuschl K, Al-Jasmi F, Hertecant J, Hayflick SJ, Wessling-Resnick M, Yang ET, Berry GT, Gropman A, Woolf AD, Agrawal PB. Novel founder intronic variant in SLC39A14 in two families causing Manganism and potential treatment strategies. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:161-167. [PMID: 29685658 PMCID: PMC5976541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of manganese metabolism are rare occurrences in children, and medical management of these disorders is complex and challenging. Homozygous exonic mutations in the manganese transporter SLC39A14 have recently been associated with a pediatric-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain manganese accumulation and clinical signs of manganese neurotoxicity, including parkinsonism-dystonia. We performed whole exome sequencing on DNA samples from two unrelated female children from the United Arab Emirates with progressive movement disorder and brain mineralization, identified a novel homozygous intronic mutation in SLC39A14 in both children, and demonstrated that the mutation leads to aberrant splicing. Both children had consistently elevated serum manganese levels and were diagnosed with SLC39A14-associated manganism. Over a four-year period, we utilized a multidisciplinary management approach for Patient 1 combining decreased manganese dietary intake and chelation with symptomatic management of dystonia. Our treatment strategy appeared to slow disease progression, but did not lead to a cure or reversal of already established deficits. Clinicians should consider testing for noncoding mutations in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of manganese metabolism and utilizing multidisciplinary approaches in the management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance H Rodan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Marissa Hauptman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Region 1 New, England, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU), Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alissa M D'Gama
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anita E Qualls
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siqi Cao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jozef Hertecant
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward T Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Division of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities and Neurogenetics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alan D Woolf
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Region 1 New, England, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU), Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Vögtle FN, Brändl B, Larson A, Pendziwiat M, Friederich MW, White SM, Basinger A, Kücükköse C, Muhle H, Jähn JA, Keminer O, Helbig KL, Delto CF, Myketin L, Mossmann D, Burger N, Miyake N, Burnett A, van Baalen A, Lovell MA, Matsumoto N, Walsh M, Yu HC, Shinde DN, Stephani U, Van Hove JLK, Müller FJ, Helbig I. Mutations in PMPCB Encoding the Catalytic Subunit of the Mitochondrial Presequence Protease Cause Neurodegeneration in Early Childhood. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:557-573. [PMID: 29576218 PMCID: PMC5985287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders causing neurodegeneration in childhood are genetically heterogeneous, and the underlying genetic etiology remains unknown in many affected individuals. We identified biallelic variants in PMPCB in individuals of four families including one family with two affected siblings with neurodegeneration and cerebellar atrophy. PMPCB encodes the catalytic subunit of the essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP), which is required for maturation of the majority of mitochondrial precursor proteins. Mitochondria isolated from two fibroblast cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from one affected individual and differentiated neuroepithelial stem cells showed reduced PMPCB levels and accumulation of the processing intermediate of frataxin, a sensitive substrate for MPP dysfunction. Introduction of the identified PMPCB variants into the homologous S. cerevisiae Mas1 protein resulted in a severe growth and MPP processing defect leading to the accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins and early impairment of the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, which are indispensable for a broad range of crucial cellular functions. Analysis of biopsy materials of an affected individual revealed changes and decreased activity in iron-sulfur cluster-containing respiratory chain complexes and dysfunction of mitochondrial and cytosolic Fe-S cluster-dependent enzymes. We conclude that biallelic mutations in PMPCB cause defects in MPP proteolytic activity leading to dysregulation of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and triggering a complex neurological phenotype of neurodegeneration in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Björn Brändl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alice Basinger
- Cook Children's Physician Network, Department of Genetics, Fort Worth, TX 76102, USA
| | - Cansu Kücükköse
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Johanna A Jähn
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Ökologie IME, ScreeningPort, Hamburg 22525, Germany
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carolyn F Delto
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Lisa Myketin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Dirk Mossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Nils Burger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Audrey Burnett
- Cook Children's Physician Network, Department of Genetics, Fort Worth, TX 76102, USA
| | - Andreas van Baalen
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Mark A Lovell
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Maie Walsh
- Adult Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hung-Chun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deepali N Shinde
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Ulrich Stephani
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany; Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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28
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Agrawal PB, Wang R, Li HL, Schmitz-Abe K, Simone-Roach C, Chen J, Shi J, Louie T, Sheng S, Towne MC, Brainson CF, Matthay MA, Kim CF, Bamshad M, Emond MJ, Gerard NP, Kleyman TR, Gerard C. The Epithelial Sodium Channel Is a Modifier of the Long-Term Nonprogressive Phenotype Associated with F508del CFTR Mutations. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:711-720. [PMID: 28708422 PMCID: PMC5765421 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population. However, there is great variability in clinical phenotypes and survival times, even among patients harboring the same genotype. We identified five patients with CF and a homozygous F508del mutation in the CFTR gene who were in their fifth or sixth decade of life and had shown minimal changes in lung function over a longitudinal period of more than 20 years. Because of the rarity of this long-term nonprogressive phenotype, we hypothesized these individuals may carry rare genetic variants in modifier genes that ameliorate disease severity. Individuals at the extremes of survival time and lung-function trajectory underwent whole-exome sequencing, and the sequencing data were filtered to include rare missense, stopgain, indel, and splicing variants present with a mean allele frequency of <0.2% in general population databases. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mutants were generated via site-directed mutagenesis and expressed for Xenopus oocyte assays. Four of the five individuals carried extremely rare or never reported variants in the SCNN1D and SCNN1B genes of the ENaC. Separately, an independently enriched rare variant in SCNN1D was identified in the Exome Variant Server database associated with a milder pulmonary disease phenotype. Functional analysis using Xenopus oocytes revealed that two of the three variants in δ-ENaC encoded by SCNN1D exhibited hypomorphic channel activity. Our data suggest a potential role for δ-ENaC in controlling sodium reabsorption in the airways, and advance the plausibility of ENaC as a therapeutic target in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine
- Genetics and Genomics
- Gene Discovery Core, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
| | | | - Hongmei Lisa Li
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Genetics and Genomics
- Gene Discovery Core, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
| | | | | | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tin Louie
- Biostatistics and Center for Biomedical Statistics
| | | | - Meghan C. Towne
- Genetics and Genomics
- Gene Discovery Core, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
| | | | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and
- Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carla F. Kim
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, and
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics, and
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Pediatrics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Norma P. Gerard
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Departments of Medicine
- Cell Biology, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThis review aims at summarizing and discussing previous and recent findings concerning the cerebral manifestations of mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). MIDs frequently present as mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS) either already at onset or later in the course. After the muscle, the brain is the organ second most frequently affected in MIMODS. Cerebral manifestations of MIDs are variable and may present with or without a lesion on imaging or functional studies, but there can be imaging/functional lesions without clinical manifestations. The most well-known cerebral manifestations of MIDs include stroke-like episodes, epilepsy, headache, ataxia, movement disorders, hypopituitarism, muscle weakness, psychiatric abnormalities, nystagmus, white and gray matter lesions, atrophy, basal ganglia calcification, and hypometabolism on 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron-emission tomography. For most MIDs, only symptomatic therapy is currently available. Symptomatic treatment should be supplemented by vitamins, cofactors, and antioxidants. In conclusion, cerebral manifestations of MIDs need to be recognized and appropriately managed because they strongly determine the outcome of MID patients.
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The versatility of the mitochondrial presequence processing machinery: cleavage, quality control and turnover. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:73-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Falk MJ, Shen L, Gai X. From case studies to community knowledge base: MSeqDR provides a platform for the curation and genomic analysis of mitochondrial diseases. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 2:a001065. [PMID: 27148591 PMCID: PMC4853518 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marni J Falk
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lishuang Shen
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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