1
|
Bae IT, Lingley ZR, Foran BJ, Adams PM, Paik H. Large bi-axial tensile strain effect in epitaxial BiFeO 3 film grown on single crystal PrScO 3. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19018. [PMID: 37923812 PMCID: PMC10624869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A BiFeO3 film is grown epitaxially on a PrScO3 single crystal substrate which imparts ~ 1.45% of biaxial tensile strain to BiFeO3 resulting from lattice misfit. The biaxial tensile strain effect on BiFeO3 is investigated in terms of crystal structure, Poisson ratio, and ferroelectric domain structure. Lattice resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, precession electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction results clearly show that in-plane interplanar distance of BiFeO3 is the same as that of PrScO3 with no sign of misfit dislocations, indicating that the biaxial tensile strain caused by lattice mismatch between BiFeO3 and PrScO3 are stored as elastic energy within BiFeO3 film. Nano-beam electron diffraction patterns compared with structure factor calculation found that the BiFeO3 maintains rhombohedral symmetry, i.e., space group of R3c. The pattern analysis also revealed two crystallographically distinguishable domains. Their relations with ferroelectric domain structures in terms of size and spontaneous polarization orientations within the domains are further understood using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Tae Bae
- Microeletronics Technology Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, 90009, USA.
| | - Zachary R Lingley
- Microeletronics Technology Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, 90009, USA
| | - Brendan J Foran
- Microeletronics Technology Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, 90009, USA
| | - Paul M Adams
- Materials Processing Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, 90009, USA
| | - Hanjong Paik
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guzman F, Addiego C, Waqar M, Pan X. Phase Coexistence in Multiferroic BiFeO3 Nano-needles Driven by Surface Boundary Conditions. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1678-1679. [PMID: 37613808 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Guzman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Addiego
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Moaz Waqar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu M, Sun F, Wang X, Zhang X, Chen W, Zheng Y. Facile Control of Ferroelastic Domain Patterns in Multiferroic Thin Films by a Scanning Tip Bias. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11983-11993. [PMID: 36808955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BiFeO3, known as the "holy grail of all multiferroics", provides an appealing platform for exploration of multifield coupling physics and design of functional devices. Many fantastic properties of BiFeO3 are regulated by its ferroelastic domain structure. However, a facile programable control on the ferroelastic domain structure in BiFeO3 remains challenging and our understanding on the existing control strategies is also far from complete. This work reports a facile control of ferroelastic domain patterns in BiFeO3 thin films under area scanning poling by exploiting the tip bias as the control parameter. Combining scanning probe microscopy experiments and simulations, we found that BiFeO3 thin films with pristine 71° rhombohedral-phase stripe domains exhibit at least four switching pathways solely by controlling the scanning tip bias. As a result, one can readily write mesoscopic topological defects into the films without the necessity to change the tip motion. The correlation between conductance of the scanned region and the switching pathway is further investigated. Our results extend the current understanding on the domain switching kinetics and the coupled electronic transport properties in BiFeO3 thin films. The facile voltage control of ferroelastic domains should facilitate the development of configurable electronic and spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weijin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mundy JA, Grosso BF, Heikes CA, Ferenc Segedin D, Wang Z, Shao YT, Dai C, Goodge BH, Meier QN, Nelson CT, Prasad B, Xue F, Ganschow S, Muller DA, Kourkoutis LF, Chen LQ, Ratcliff WD, Spaldin NA, Ramesh R, Schlom DG. Liberating a hidden antiferroelectric phase with interfacial electrostatic engineering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg5860. [PMID: 35108054 PMCID: PMC8809685 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antiferroelectric materials have seen a resurgence of interest because of proposed applications in a number of energy-efficient technologies. Unfortunately, relatively few families of antiferroelectric materials have been identified, precluding many proposed applications. Here, we propose a design strategy for the construction of antiferroelectric materials using interfacial electrostatic engineering. We begin with a ferroelectric material with one of the highest known bulk polarizations, BiFeO3. By confining thin layers of BiFeO3 in a dielectric matrix, we show that a metastable antiferroelectric structure can be induced. Application of an electric field reversibly switches between this new phase and a ferroelectric state. The use of electrostatic confinement provides an untapped pathway for the design of engineered antiferroelectric materials with large and potentially coupled responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Mundy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Colin A. Heikes
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Dan Ferenc Segedin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yu-Tsun Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cheng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Berit H. Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Quintin N. Meier
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Christopher T. Nelson
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Bhagwati Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - David A. Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - William D. Ratcliff
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Darrell G. Schlom
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramesh R. Materials for a Sustainable Microelectronics Future: Electric Field Control of Magnetism with Multiferroics. J Indian Inst Sci 2022; 102:489-511. [PMID: 35035127 PMCID: PMC8749116 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article is written on behalf of many colleagues, collaborators, and researchers in the field of complex oxides as well as current and former students and postdocs who continue to enable and undertake cutting-edge research in the field of multiferroics, magnetoelectrics, and the pursuit of electric-field control of magnetism. What I present is something that is extremely exciting from both a fundamental science and applications perspective and has the potential to revolutionize our world, particularly from a sustainability perspective. To realize this potential will require numerous new innovations, both in the fundamental science arena as well as translating these scientific discoveries into real applications. Thus, this article will attempt to bridge the gap between fundamental materials physics and the actual manifestations of the physical concepts into real-life applications. I hope this article will help spur more translational research within the broad materials community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ramesh
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Li Z, Ma Z, Wang L, Guo X, Liu Y, Yao B, Zhang F, Zhu L. Phase Structure and Electrical Properties of Sm-Doped BiFe 0.98Mn 0.02O 3 Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010108. [PMID: 35010058 PMCID: PMC8746624 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bi1−xSmxFe0.98Mn0.02O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06; named BSFMx) (BSFM) films were prepared by the sol-gel method on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrate. The effects of different Sm content on the crystal structure, phase composition, oxygen vacancy content, ferroelectric property, dielectric property, leakage property, leakage mechanism, and aging property of the BSFM films were systematically analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectral analyses revealed that the sample had both R3c and Pnma phases. Through additional XRD fitting of the films, the content of the two phases of the sample was analyzed in detail, and it was found that the Pnma phase in the BSFMx = 0 film had the lowest abundance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that the BSFMx = 0.04 film had the lowest oxygen vacancy content, which was conducive to a decrease in leakage current density and an improvement in dielectric properties. The diffraction peak of (110) exhibited the maximum intensity when the doping amount was 4 mol%, and the minimum leakage current density and a large remanent polarization intensity were also observed at room temperature (2Pr = 91.859 μC/cm2). By doping Sm at an appropriate amount, the leakage property of the BSFM films was reduced, the dielectric property was improved, and the aging process was delayed. The performance changes in the BSFM films were further explained from different perspectives, such as phase composition and oxygen vacancy content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Zhibiao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Lingxu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Data and Computer Science, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan 250300, China;
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bingdong Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dubnack O, Müller FA. Oxidic 2D Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185213. [PMID: 34576436 PMCID: PMC8469416 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of producing stable thin films, only a few atomic layers thick, from a variety of materials beyond graphene has led to two-dimensional (2D) materials being studied intensively in recent years. By reducing the layer thickness and approaching the crystallographic monolayer limit, a variety of unexpected and technologically relevant property phenomena were observed, which also depend on the subsequent arrangement and possible combination of individual layers to form heterostructures. These properties can be specifically used for the development of multifunctional devices, meeting the requirements of the advancing miniaturization of modern manufacturing technologies and the associated need to stabilize physical states even below critical layer thicknesses of conventional materials in the fields of electronics, magnetism and energy conversion. Differences in the structure of potential two-dimensional materials result in decisive influences on possible growth methods and possibilities for subsequent transfer of the thin films. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the rapidly growing field of two-dimensional materials, highlighting those with oxidic crystal structure like perovskites, garnets and spinels. In addition to a selection of well-established growth techniques and approaches for thin film transfer, we evaluate in detail their application potential as free-standing monolayers, bilayers and multilayers in a wide range of advanced technological applications. Finally, we provide suggestions for future developments of this promising research field in consideration of current challenges regarding scalability and structural stability of ultra-thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dubnack
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Frank A. Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spaldin NA, Efe I, Rossell MD, Gattinoni C. Layer and spontaneous polarizations in perovskite oxides and their interplay in multiferroic bismuth ferrite. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154702. [PMID: 33887947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the concept of surface charge, first, in the context of the polarization in ferroelectric materials and, second, in the context of layers of charged ions in ionic insulators. While the former is traditionally discussed in the ferroelectrics community and the latter in the surface science community, we remind the reader that the two descriptions are conveniently unified within the modern theory of polarization. In both cases, the surface charge leads to electrostatic instability-the so-called "polar catastrophe"-if it is not compensated, and we review the range of phenomena that arise as a result of different compensation mechanisms. We illustrate these concepts using the example of the prototypical multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, which is unusual in that its spontaneous ferroelectric polarization and the polarization arising from its layer charges can be of the same magnitude. As a result, for certain combinations of polarization orientation and surface termination, its surface charge is self-compensating. We use density functional calculations of BiFeO3 slabs and superlattices, analysis of high-resolution transmission electron micrographs, and examples from the literature to explore the consequences of this peculiarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Spaldin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ipek Efe
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta D Rossell
- Electron Microscopy Center, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Gattinoni
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang N, Luo X, Han L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Olin H, Yang Y. Structure, Performance, and Application of BiFeO 3 Nanomaterials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:81. [PMID: 34138095 PMCID: PMC7770668 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic nanomaterials have attracted great interest due to simultaneous two or more properties such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, which can promise a broad application in multifunctional, low-power consumption, environmentally friendly devices. Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) exhibits both (anti)ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. Thus, it has played an increasingly important role in multiferroic system. In this review, we systematically discussed the developments of BFO nanomaterials including morphology, structures, properties, and potential applications in multiferroic devices with novel functions. Even the opportunities and challenges were all analyzed and summarized. We hope this review can act as an updating and encourage more researchers to push on the development of BFO nanomaterials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Luo
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyun Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Ya Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Srivastava MK, Qiu XS, Chin YY, Hsieh SH, Shao YC, Liang YH, Lai CH, Du CH, Wang HT, Chiou JW, Lai YC, Tsai HM, Pao CW, Lin HJ, Lee JF, Asokan K, Pong WF. The effect of orbital-lattice coupling on the electrical resistivity of YBaCuFeO 5 investigated by X-ray absorption. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18586. [PMID: 31819082 PMCID: PMC6901513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent X-ray absorption near-edge structures, X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the valence state, preferred orbital and local atomic structure that significantly affect the electrical and magnetic properties of a single crystal of YBaCuFeO5 (YBCFO). An onset of increase of resistivity at ~180 K, followed by a rapid increase at/below 125 K, is observed. An antiferromagnetic (AFM)-like transition is close to the temperature at which the resistivity starts to increase in the ab-plane and is also observed with strong anisotropy between the ab-plane and the c-axis. The XLD spectra at the Fe L3,2-edge revealed a change in Fe 3d eg holes from the preferential [Formula: see text] orbital at high temperature (300-150 K) to the [Formula: see text] orbital at/below 125 K. The analysis of the Fe K-edge EXAFS data of YBCFO further revealed an unusual increase in the Debye-Waller factor of the nearest-neighbor Fe-O bond length at/below 125 K, suggesting phonon-softening behavior, resulting in the breaking of lattice symmetry, particularly in the ab-plane of Fe-related square pyramids. These findings demonstrate a close correlation between electrical resistivity and coupling of the preferred Fe 3d orbital with lattice distortion of a single crystal of YBCFO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - X-S Qiu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
| | - Y Y Chin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621, Taiwan
| | - S H Hsieh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Y C Shao
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Liang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lai
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
| | - C H Du
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
| | - H T Wang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - J W Chiou
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - H M Tsai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - C W Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - H J Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - J F Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - K Asokan
- Inter-University Accelerator Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - W F Pong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Freestanding crystalline oxide perovskites down to the monolayer limit. Nature 2019; 570:87-90. [PMID: 31168106 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides reveal the electronic phases that emerge when a bulk crystal is reduced to a monolayer1-4. Transition-metal oxide perovskites host a variety of correlated electronic phases5-12, so similar behaviour in monolayer materials based on transition-metal oxide perovskites would open the door to a rich spectrum of exotic 2D correlated phases that have not yet been explored. Here we report the fabrication of freestanding perovskite films with high crystalline quality almost down to a single unit cell. Using a recently developed method based on water-soluble Sr3Al2O6 as the sacrificial buffer layer13,14 we synthesize freestanding SrTiO3 and BiFeO3 ultrathin films by reactive molecular beam epitaxy and transfer them to diverse substrates, in particular crystalline silicon wafers and holey carbon films. We find that freestanding BiFeO3 films exhibit unexpected and giant tetragonality and polarization when approaching the 2D limit. Our results demonstrate the absence of a critical thickness for stabilizing the crystalline order in the freestanding ultrathin oxide films. The ability to synthesize and transfer crystalline freestanding perovskite films without any thickness limitation onto any desired substrate creates opportunities for research into 2D correlated phases and interfacial phenomena that have not previously been technically possible.
Collapse
|
12
|
Short range biaxial strain relief mechanism within epitaxially grown BiFeO 3. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6715. [PMID: 31040305 PMCID: PMC6491549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lattice mismatch-induced biaxial strain effect on the crystal structure and growth mechanism is investigated for the BiFeO3 films grown on La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/SrTiO3 and YAlO3 substrates. Nano-beam electron diffraction, structure factor calculation and x-ray reciprocal space mapping unambiguously confirm that the crystal structure within both of the BiFeO3 thin films is rhombohedral by showing the rhombohedral signature Bragg’s reflections. Further investigation with atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that while the ~1.0% of the lattice mismatch found in the BiFeO3 grown on La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/SrTiO3 is exerted as biaxial in-plane compressive strain with atomistically coherent interface, the ~6.8% of the lattice mismatch found in the BiFeO3 grown on YAlO3 is relaxed at the interface by introducing dislocations. The present result demonstrates the importance of: (1) identification of the epitaxial relationship between BFO and its substrate material to quantitatively evaluate the amount of the lattice strain within BFO film and (2) the atomistically coherent BFO/substrate interface for the lattice mismatch to exert the lattice strain.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen C, Wang C, Cai X, Xu C, Li C, Zhou J, Luo Z, Fan Z, Qin M, Zeng M, Lu X, Gao X, Kentsch U, Yang P, Zhou G, Wang N, Zhu Y, Zhou S, Chen D, Liu JM. Controllable defect driven symmetry change and domain structure evolution in BiFeO 3 with enhanced tetragonality. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8110-8118. [PMID: 30984948 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering has been a powerful tool to enable the creation of exotic phases and the discovery of intriguing phenomena in ferroelectric oxides. However, the accurate control of the concentration of defects remains a big challenge. In this work, ion implantation, which can provide controllable point defects, allows us to produce a controlled defect driven true super-tetragonal (T) phase with a single-domain-state in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films. This point-defect engineering is found to drive the phase transition from the as-grown mixed rhombohedral-like (R) and tetragonal-like (MC) phase to true tetragonal (T) symmetry and induce the stripe multi-nanodomains to a single domain state. By further increasing the injected dose of the He ion, we demonstrate an enhanced tetragonality super-tetragonal (super-T) phase with the largest c/a ratio of ∼1.3 that has ever been experimentally achieved in BiFeO3. A combination of the morphology change and domain evolution further confirms that the mixed R/MC phase structure transforms to the single-domain-state true tetragonal phase. Moreover, the re-emergence of the R phase and in-plane nanoscale multi-domains after heat treatment reveal the memory effect and reversible phase transition and domain evolution. Our findings demonstrate the reversible control of R-Mc-T-super T symmetry changes (leading to the creation of true T phase BiFeO3 with enhanced tetragonality) and multidomain-single domain structure evolution through controllable defect engineering. This work also provides a pathway to generate large tetragonality (or c/a ratio) that could be extended to other ferroelectric material systems (such as PbTiO3, BaTiO3 and HfO2) which might lead to strong polarization enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Strain effect on orbital and magnetic structures of Mn ions in epitaxial Nd 0.35Sr 0.65MnO 3/SrTiO 3 films using X-ray diffraction and absorption. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5160. [PMID: 30914713 PMCID: PMC6435741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study probes the temperature-dependent strain that is strongly correlated with the orbital and magnetic structures of epitaxial films of Nd0.35Sr0.65MnO3 (NSMO) that are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition with two thicknesses, 17 (NS17) and 103 nm (NS103) on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate. This investigation is probed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorption-based techniques, X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) and the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). XRD indicates a significant shift in the (004) peak position that is associated with larger strain in NS17 relative to that of NS103 at both 30 and 300 K. Experimental and atomic multiplet simulated temperature-dependent Mn L3,2-edge XLD results reveal that the stronger strain in a thinner NS17 film causes less splitting of Mn 3d eg state at low temperature, indicating an enhancement of orbital fluctuations in the band above the Fermi level. This greater Mn 3d orbital fluctuation can be the cause of both the enhanced ferromagnetism (FM) as a result of spin moments and the reduced Néel temperature of C-type antiferromagnetism (AFM) in NS17, leading to the FM coupling of the canted-antiferromagnetism (FM-cAFM) state in NSMO/STO epitaxial films at low temperature (T = 30 K). These findings are also confirmed by Mn L3,2-edge XMCD measurements.
Collapse
|
15
|
Spaldin NA, Ramesh R. Advances in magnetoelectric multiferroics. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:203-212. [PMID: 30783227 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of magnetic properties by an electric field in magnetoelectric multiferroic materials has driven significant research activity, with the goal of realizing their transformative technological potential. Here, we review progress in the fundamental understanding and design of new multiferroic materials, advances in characterization and modelling tools to describe them, and the exploration of devices and applications. Focusing on the translation of the many scientific breakthroughs into technological innovations, we identify the key open questions in the field where targeted research activities could have maximum impact in transitioning scientific discoveries into real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Spaldin
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biswas A, Talha M, Kashir A, Jeong YH. A thin film perspective on quantum functional oxides. CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS 2019; 19:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
17
|
Goswami S, Bhattacharya D, Ghosh CK, Ghosh B, Kaushik SD, Siruguri V, Krishna PSR. Nonmonotonic particle-size-dependence of magnetoelectric coupling in strained nanosized particles of BiFeO 3. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3728. [PMID: 29487340 PMCID: PMC5829220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using high resolution powder x-ray and neutron diffraction experiments, we determined the off-centered displacement of the ions within a unit cell and magnetoelectric coupling in nanoscale BiFeO3 (≈20–200 nm). We found that both the off-centered displacement of the ions and magnetoelectric coupling exhibit nonmonotonic variation with particle size. They increase as the particle size reduces from bulk and reach maximum around 30 nm. With further decrease in particle size, they decrease precipitously. The magnetoelectric coupling is determined by the anomaly in off-centering of ions around the magnetic transition temperature (TN). The ions, in fact, exhibit large anomalous displacement around the TN which is analyzed using group theoretical approach. It underlies the nonmonotonic particle-size-dependence of off-centre displacement of ions and magnetoelectric coupling. The nonmonotonic variation of magnetoelectric coupling with particle size is further verified by direct electrical measurement of remanent ferroelectric hysteresis loops at room temperature under zero and ∼20 kOe magnetic field. Competition between enhanced lattice strain and compressive pressure appears to be causing the nonmonotonic particle-size-dependence of off-centre displacement while coupling between piezo and magnetostriction leads to nonmonotonicity in the variation of magnetoelectric coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Goswami
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Dipten Bhattacharya
- Nanostructured Materials Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Chandan K Ghosh
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Barnali Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science, S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, 700098, India
| | - S D Kaushik
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - V Siruguri
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - P S R Krishna
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bae IT, Ichinose T, Han MG, Zhu Y, Yasui S, Naganuma H. Tensile stress effect on epitaxial BiFeO 3 thin film grown on KTaO 3. Sci Rep 2018; 8:893. [PMID: 29343784 PMCID: PMC5772049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive crystal structural study is performed for BiFeO3 (BFO) film grown on KTaO3 (KTO) substrate using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Nano-beam electron diffraction (NBED) combined with structure factor calculation and high resolution TEM images clearly reveal that the crystal structure within BFO thin film is rhombohedral BFO, i.e., bulk BFO phase. Epitaxial relationship found by NBED indicates the BFO film grows in a manner that minimizes lattice mismatch with KTO. It further suggests BFO film is under slight biaxial tensile stress (~0.35%) along in-plane direction. XRD reveals BFO lattice is under compressive stress (~1.6%), along out-of-plane direction as a result of the biaxial tensile strain applied along in-plane direction. This leads to Poisson’s ratio of ~0.68. In addition, we demonstrate (1) why hexagonal notation rather than pseudocubic one is required for accurate BFO phase evaluation and (2) a new XRD method that shows how rhombohedral BFO can readily be identified among other phases by measuring a rhombohedral specific Bragg’s reflection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Tae Bae
- Small Scale Systems Integration and Packaging Center, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA.
| | - Tomohiro Ichinose
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Shintaro Yasui
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-J2-19, Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naganuma
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.,Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen D, Nelson CT, Zhu X, Serrao CR, Clarkson JD, Wang Z, Gao Y, Hsu SL, Dedon LR, Chen Z, Yi D, Liu HJ, Zeng D, Chu YH, Liu J, Schlom DG, Ramesh R. A Strain-Driven Antiferroelectric-to-Ferroelectric Phase Transition in La-Doped BiFeO 3 Thin Films on Si. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5823-5829. [PMID: 28813160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A strain-driven orthorhombic (O) to rhombohedral (R) phase transition is reported in La-doped BiFeO3 thin films on silicon substrates. Biaxial compressive epitaxial strain is found to stabilize the rhombohedral phase at La concentrations beyond the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). By tailoring the residual strain with film thickness, we demonstrate a mixed O/R phase structure consisting of O phase domains measuring tens of nanometers wide within a predominant R phase matrix. A combination of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarization-electric field hysteresis loop (P-E loop), and polarization maps reveal that the O-R structural change is an antiferroelectric to ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase transition. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), an atomically sharp O/R MPB is observed. Moreover, X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) and X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) measurements reveal a change in the antiferromagnetic axis orientation from out of plane (R-phase) to in plane (O-phase). These findings provide direct evidence of spin-charge-lattice coupling in La-doped BiFeO3 thin films. Furthermore, this study opens a new pathway to drive the AFE-FE O-R phase transition and provides a route to study the O/R MPB in these films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Dechang Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jha PK, Jha PA, Singh P, Ranjan R, Dwivedi RK. Sm/Ti co-substituted bismuth ferrite multiferroics: reciprocity between tetragonality and piezoelectricity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26285-26295. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BiFeO3 (BFO) systems co-modified with Ti, Sm and Sm–Ti have been investigated for piezoelectricity together with dielectric and multiferroic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep K. Jha
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering
- Jaypee Institute of Information Technology
- Noida
- India
- Department of Physics
| | - Priyanka A. Jha
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bengaluru
- India
| | - R. K. Dwivedi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering
- Jaypee Institute of Information Technology
- Noida
- India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The strong coupling between antiferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature found in BiFeO3 generates high expectations for the design and development of technological devices with novel functionalities. However, the multi-domain nature of the material tends to nullify the properties of interest and complicates the thorough understanding of the mechanisms that are responsible for those properties. Here we report the realization of a BiFeO3 material in thin film form with single-domain behaviour in both its magnetism and ferroelectricity: the entire film shows its antiferromagnetic axis aligned along the crystallographic b axis and its ferroelectric polarization along the c axis. With this we are able to reveal that the canted ferromagnetic moment due to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is parallel to the a axis. Furthermore, by fabricating a Co/BiFeO3 heterostructure, we demonstrate that the ferromagnetic moment of the Co film does couple directly to the canted moment of BiFeO3. The coupling of ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order in BiFeO3 makes it appealing for applications however the presence of domain structure acts to undermine this potential. Here, the authors demonstrate BiFeO3 thin films with a single domain of electrical polarization and canted antiferromagnetic order.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferroelastic switching in a layered-perovskite thin film. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10636. [PMID: 26838483 PMCID: PMC4743001 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A controllable ferroelastic switching in ferroelectric/multiferroic oxides is highly desirable due to the non-volatile strain and possible coupling between lattice and other order parameter in heterostructures. However, a substrate clamping usually inhibits their elastic deformation in thin films without micro/nano-patterned structure so that the integration of the non-volatile strain with thin film devices is challenging. Here, we report that reversible in-plane elastic switching with a non-volatile strain of approximately 0.4% can be achieved in layered-perovskite Bi2WO6 thin films, where the ferroelectric polarization rotates by 90° within four in-plane preferred orientations. Phase-field simulation indicates that the energy barrier of ferroelastic switching in orthorhombic Bi2WO6 film is ten times lower than the one in PbTiO3 films, revealing the origin of the switching with negligible substrate constraint. The reversible control of the in-plane strain in this layered-perovskite thin film demonstrates a new pathway to integrate mechanical deformation with nanoscale electronic and/or magnetoelectronic applications. Ferroelastic switching in thin films is typically restricted by constraints from the substrate or occurs around twin-like domains. Here, the authors show reversible and non-volatile ferroelastic switching avoiding substrate constraints in layered-perovskite Bi_2WO_6 epitaxial films.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mesoporous bismuth ferrite with amplified magnetoelectric coupling and electric field-induced ferrimagnetism. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6562. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
24
|
Cheng CE, Liu HJ, Dinelli F, Chen YC, Chang CS, Chien FSS, Chu YH. Revealing the flexoelectricity in the mixed-phase regions of epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8091. [PMID: 25627445 PMCID: PMC4308693 DOI: 10.1038/srep08091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the elastic response on the nanoscale phase boundaries of multiferroics is an essential issue in order to explain their exotic behaviour. Mixed-phase BiFeO3 films, epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates, have been investigated by means of scanning probe microscopy to characterize the elastic and piezoelectric responses in the mixed-phase region of rhombohedral-like monoclinic (MI) and tilted tetragonal-like monoclinic (MII,tilt) phases. Ultrasonic force microscopy reveal that the regions with low/high stiffness values topologically coincide with the MI/MII,tilt phases. X-ray diffraction strain analysis confirms that the MI phase is more compliant than the MII,tilt one. Significantly, the correlation between elastic modulation and piezoresponse across the mixed-phase regions manifests that the flexoelectric effect results in the enhancement of the piezoresponse at the phase boundaries and in the MI regions. This accounts for the giant electromechanical effect in strained mixed-phase BiFeO3 films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Cheng
- 1] Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan [2] Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Franco Dinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Shiung Chang
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sando D, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films and devices: past, present and future. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:473201. [PMID: 25352066 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/473201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The celebrated renaissance of the multiferroics family over the past ten years has also been that of its most paradigmatic member, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). Known since the 1960s to be a high temperature antiferromagnet and since the 1970s to be ferroelectric, BiFeO3 only had its bulk ferroic properties clarified in the mid-2000s. It is however the fabrication of BiFeO3 thin films and their integration into epitaxial oxide heterostructures that have fully revealed its extraordinarily broad palette of functionalities. Here we review the first decade of research on BiFeO3 films, restricting ourselves to epitaxial structures. We discuss how thickness and epitaxial strain influence not only the unit cell parameters, but also the crystal structure, illustrated for instance by the discovery of the so-called T-like phase of BiFeO3. We then present its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and their evolution near morphotropic phase boundaries. Magnetic properties and their modification by thickness and strain effects, as well as optical parameters, are covered. Finally, we highlight various types of devices based on BiFeO3 in electronics, spintronics, and optics, and provide perspectives for the development of further multifunctional devices for information technology and energy harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuo CY, Drees Y, Fernández-Díaz MT, Zhao L, Vasylechko L, Sheptyakov D, Bell AMT, Pi TW, Lin HJ, Wu MK, Pellegrin E, Valvidares SM, Li ZW, Adler P, Todorova A, Küchler R, Steppke A, Tjeng LH, Hu Z, Komarek AC. k=0 magnetic structure and absence of ferroelectricity in SmFeO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:217203. [PMID: 25479519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.217203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
SmFeO3 has attracted considerable attention very recently due to its reported multiferroic properties above room temperature. We have performed powder and single crystal neutron diffraction as well as complementary polarization dependent soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on floating-zone grown SmFeO3 single crystals in order to determine its magnetic structure. We found a k=0 G-type collinear antiferromagnetic structure that is not compatible with inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction driven ferroelectricity. While the structural data reveal a clear sign for magneto-elastic coupling at the Néel-temperature of ∼675 K, the dielectric measurements remain silent as far as ferroelectricity is concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Kuo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Y Drees
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - L Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Vasylechko
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany and Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Street, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - D Sheptyakov
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A M T Bell
- HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T W Pi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - H-J Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - M-K Wu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - E Pellegrin
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carretera BP 1413, km 3.3, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S M Valvidares
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carretera BP 1413, km 3.3, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Z W Li
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Adler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Todorova
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Küchler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Steppke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - L H Tjeng
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Z Hu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A C Komarek
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang JC, Yeh CH, Chen YT, Liao SC, Huang R, Liu HJ, Hung CC, Chen SH, Wu SL, Lai CH, Chiu YP, Chiu PW, Chu YH. Conduction control at ferroic domain walls via external stimuli. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10524-10529. [PMID: 25092204 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intriguing functionalities at nano-sized domain walls have recently spawned a new paradigm for developing novel nanoelectronics due to versatile characteristics. In this study, we explore a new scenario to modulate the local conduction of ferroic domain walls. Three controlling parameters, i.e., external electrical field, magnetic field and light, are introduced to the 90° domain walls (90° DWs) of BiFeO₃. Electrical modulation is realized by electrical transport, where the mobility of 90° DWs can be altered by gating voltage. We further use the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling to reveal the inherent magnetism at the DWs. With an established magnetic nature, magnetotransport has been conducted to introduce magnetic controlling parameter, where a giant positive magnetoresistance change can be observed up to 200%. In addition, light modulated conduction, a core factor for multifunctional applications, is successfully demonstrated (current enhancement by a factor of 2 with 11 W white lamp). These results offer new insights to discover the tunability of domain wall nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Room 709, Engineering Building VI, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bouilly G, Yajima T, Terashima T, Kususe Y, Fujita K, Tassel C, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K, Kobayashi Y, Kageyama H. Substrate-induced anion rearrangement in epitaxial thin films of LaSrCoO4−xHx. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Effects of Interfaces on the Structure and Novel Physical Properties in Epitaxial Multiferroic BiFeO₃ Ultrathin Films. MATERIALS 2014; 7:5403-5426. [PMID: 28788135 PMCID: PMC5455811 DOI: 10.3390/ma7075403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In functional oxide films, different electrical/mechanical boundaries near film surfaces induce rich phase diagrams and exotic phenomena. In this paper, we review some key points which underpin structure, phase transition and related properties in BiFeO3 ultrathin films. Compared with the bulk counterparts, we survey the recent results of epitaxial BiFeO3 ultrathin films to illustrate how the atomic structure and phase are markedly influenced by the interface between the film and the substrate, and to emphasize the roles of misfit strain and depolarization field on determining the domain patterns, phase transformation and associated physical properties of BiFeO3 ultrathin films, such as polarization, piezoelectricity, and magnetism. One of the obvious consequences of the misfit strain on BiFeO3 ultrathin films is the emergence of a sequence of phase transition from tetragonal to mixed tetragonal & rhombohedral, the rhombohedral, mixed rhombohedral & orthorhombic, and finally orthorhombic phases. Other striking features of this system are the stable domain patterns and the crossover of 71° and 109° domains with different electrical boundary conditions on the film surface, which can be controlled and manipulated through the depolarization field. The external field-sensitive enhancements of properties for BiFeO3 ultrathin films, including the polarization, magnetism and morphotropic phase boundary-relevant piezoelectric response, offer us deeper insights into the investigations of the emergent properties and phenomena of epitaxial ultrathin films under various mechanical/electrical constraints. Finally, we briefly summarize the recent progress and list open questions for future study on BiFeO3 ultrathin films.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuo HH, Chen L, Ji Y, Liu HJ, Chen LQ, Chu YH. Tuning phase stability of complex oxide nanocrystals via conjugation. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3314-3320. [PMID: 24871683 DOI: 10.1021/nl500744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) attract tremendous research interests because of their unique properties to meet the demands of functionalities. To date, hybrid NCs with multiple components are developed to meet the rising demands that could be very difficult, or even impossible to be achieved by single-component NCs. Tuning properties by strain via conjugation could be an alternative solution. Strain engineering has been discovered and widely applied to many thin-film materials for tuning physical properties. Then, there is a further question to be addressed in this study: can we take the advantages we have learned in heteroepitaxy of thin films and transfer that into the NC conjugation? In order to demonstrate this possibility, we investigated NC conjugation of BiFeO3 and LaAlO3. We found that change in either LaAlO3-NC or BiFeO3-NC size would change the stability of rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition. The present results show that strain engineering is possible to be realized in not only thin film but also NC conjugation. The same concept should be applicable to other complex oxide systems in order to broaden their practical applications for the rising demands of multifunctionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hung Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu Y, Liu P, Yu R, Hsieh YH, Ke D, Chu YH, Zhan Q. Orientation-tuning in self-assembled heterostructures induced by a buffer layer. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5126-5131. [PMID: 24727857 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic nano-plate structures in self-assembled perovskite-spinel thin films, BiFeO3-NiFe2O4 and BiFeO3-CoFe2O4, which were deposited on (001)c SrRuO3/SrTiO3 and DyScO3 substrates, respectively, have been demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy combined with strain analysis. Unlike the unitary cube-on-cube orientation relationship reported widely, the growth direction of the CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 plates was tuned to [011]c while the BiFeO3 matrix kept [001]c in both systems. In particular, a thin stress-sensitive BiFeO3 buffer layer between the spinel nanostructure and the substrate was introduced for providing a complex strain state in both film systems. The novel orientation tuning and the pattern configuration of the heterostructures are mainly attributed to the strain imposed on the films and the anisotropic ledge growth mechanism of spinels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang J, Ke X, Gou G, Seidel J, Xiang B, Yu P, Liang WI, Minor AM, Chu YH, Van Tendeloo G, Ren X, Ramesh R. A nanoscale shape memory oxide. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2768. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|