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Horikawa S, Yang S, Tanaka T, Aoki T, Kato S. High-finesse nanofiber Fabry-Pérot resonator in a portable storage container. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073103. [PMID: 39007679 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
We present characterization and storage methods for a high-finesse nanofiber Fabry-Pérot resonator. Reflection spectroscopy from both ends of the resonator allows for the evaluation of the mirror transmittances and optical loss inside the resonator. To maintain the quality of the nanofiber resonator after the fabrication, we have developed a portable storage container. By filling the container with dry, clean nitrogen gas, we can prevent contamination of the nanofiber during storage. This approach allows us to minimize the additional optical loss to less than 0.08% over a week. The portable container facilitates both the fabrication and subsequent experimentation with the resonator in different locations. This flexibility expands the range of applications, including quantum optics, communication, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horikawa
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - S Yang
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - T Aoki
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
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2
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McGarry C, Harrington K, Goodwin DJ, Perek-Jennings C, Birks TA, Rusimova KR, Mosley PJ. Low-loss, compact, fibre-integrated cell for quantum memories. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21925-21935. [PMID: 38859534 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We present a low-loss, compact, hollow core optical fibre (HCF) cell integrated with single mode fibre (SMF). The cell is designed to be filled with atomic vapour and used as a component in photonic quantum technologies, with applications in quantum memory and optical switching. We achieve a total insertion loss of 0.6(2) dB at 780 nm wavelength via graded index fibre to ensure efficient mode matching coupled with anti-reflection coatings to minimise loss at the SMF-HCF interfaces. We also present numerical modelling of these interfaces, which can be undertaken efficiently without the need for finite element simulation. We encapsulate the HCF core by coupling to the SMF inside a support capillary, enhancing durability and facilitating seamless integration into existing fibre platforms.
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3
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Zhang L, Wang H, Li Y, Gao S, Zhu M, Wei H, Pang F, Wang T. Towards high-sensitivity and high-accuracy forward Brillouin scattering-based optomechanical temperature sensing in thin-diameter fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:586-598. [PMID: 38175084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We numerically and experimentally demonstrated a high-sensitivity and high-accuracy temperature sensor based on guided acoustic radial modes of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS)-based optomechanics in thin-diameter fibers (TDF). The dependence of the FSBS-involved electrostrictive force on the fiber diameter is systematically investigated. As the diameters of the fiber core and cladding decrease, the intrinsic frequency of each activated acoustic mode and corresponding FSBS gain are expected to be accordingly increased, which benefits the significant enhancement of its temperature sensitivity as well as the optimization of the measurement accuracy. In validations, by utilizing TDFs with fiber diameters of 80 µm and 60 µm, the proof-of-concept experiments proved that sensitivities of the TDF-based FSBS temperature sensor with radial modes from R0,4 to R0,15 increased from 35.23 kHz/°C to 130.38 kHz/°C with an interval of 8.74 kHz/°C. The minimum measurement error (i.e., 0.15 °C) of the temperature sensor with the 60 µm-TDF is 2.5 times lower than that of the 125 µm-SSMF (i.e., 0.39 °C). The experimental and simulated results are consistent with theoretical predictions. It is believed that the proposed approach with high sensitivity and accuracy could find potential in a wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring, chemical engineering, and cancer detection in human beings.
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4
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Matic A, Chrétien J, Godet A, Phan Huy K, Beugnot JC. Optical nanofiber stretcher. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3319-3322. [PMID: 37319091 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric stretching of optical fiber is a technique that enables the creation of optical delays of a few picoseconds; this is useful in a variety of applications in interferometry or optical cavities. Most commercial fiber stretchers involve lengths of fiber of a few tens of meters. Using a 120-mm-long optical micro-nanofiber, we can create a compact optical delay line that achieves tunable delays of up to 19 ps at telecommunication wavelengths. The high elasticity of silica and the micron-scale diameter allow this significant optical delay to be achieved with low tensile force while keeping the overall length short. We successfully report both static and dynamic operation of this novel, to the best of our knowledge, device. It could find application in interferometry and laser cavity stabilization, where short optical paths and strong resistance to the environment would be required.
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Tang J. Quantum switching between nonclassical correlated single photons and two-photon bundles in a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12471-12486. [PMID: 37157406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model for a single atom inside an optical cavity. It is shown that the interplay of a laser detuning and atom (cavity) pump (driven) field gives rise to the strong single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling. With the cavity driven field, strong photon blockade occurs in the weak coupling regime, and switching between single photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling at two-photon resonance are achievable via increasing the driven strength. By turning on the atom pump field, quantum switching between two-photon bundles and photon-induced tunneling at four-photon resonance are realized. More interestingly, the high-quality quantum switching between single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling at three-photon resonance is achieved with combining the atom pump and cavity driven fields simultaneously. In contrast to the standard two-level Jaynes-Cummings model, our scheme with generating a two-photon (multi-photon) Jaynes-Cummings model reveals a prominent strategy to engineer a series of special nonclassical quantum states, which may pave the way for investigating basic quantum devices to implement in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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6
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Zhou X, Tamura H, Chang TH, Hung CL. Coupling Single Atoms to a Nanophotonic Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator via Optical Guiding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:103601. [PMID: 36962011 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient optical guiding technique for coupling cold atoms in the near field of a planar nanophotonic circuit, and realize large atom-photon coupling to a whispering-gallery mode in a microring resonator with a single-atom cooperativity C≳8. The guiding potential is created by diffracted light on a nanophotonic waveguide that smoothly connects to a dipole trap in the far field for atom guiding with subwavelength precision. We observe atom-induced transparency for light coupled to a microring, characterize the atom-photon coupling rate, extract guided atom flux, and demonstrate on-chip photon routing by single atoms. Our demonstration promises new applications with cold atoms on a nanophotonic circuit for chiral quantum optics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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7
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Zhang Y, Lu H, Deng S, Wen X, Li M. Refractive index sensitivity of Brillouin acoustic modes in single-mode subwavelength-diameter fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5055-5061. [PMID: 36256183 DOI: 10.1364/ao.456455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The acousto-optic interaction is strongly modified and different in subwavelength confinement. Here, the optical propagation and acoustic propagation in a subwavelength-diameter fiber (SDF) have been investigated through adopting a two-layer fiber model of air-coated silica rod. Theoretical investigation indicates that SDF with a diameter below 1.2 µm supports the single mode of light propagation, and various Brillouin acoustic modes with well-spaced spectral distribution can be also excited. Due to the light propagation with the outer environment as the cladding layer, the surrounding medium will greatly affect Brillouin scattering of SDFs. Both the simulation and experiment results indicate a relatively good linear relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift of the lower acoustic modes and surrounding environmental refractive index (RI), and the higher RI sensitivity in finer SDFs can be obtained. In addition, hybrid acoustic waves have shown higher sensitivity and stability than surface acoustic modes. A RI sensitivity of about 5.1 GHz/RIU has been achieved in a 1.1 µm SDF, demonstrating its potential application in RI sensing.
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Huang S, Xie S, Gao H, Hao T, Zhang S, Liu T, Li Y, Zhu J. Acoustic Purcell effect induced by quasibound state in the continuum. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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9
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Kato S, Aoki T. Photon transport enhancement through a coupled-cavity QED system with dynamic modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6798-6807. [PMID: 35299458 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate photonic transport through fiber optical cavities under tunable fast modulation, which is induced by modulating atom-cavity coupling in a cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system. The modulation bandwidth exceeds the timescales of all other system processes, such as cavity decay and atom-cavity coupling, and allows control of the dynamics of photonic transport through the cavity array. The transmission as a function of the modulation frequency clearly shows enhancement peaks in single cavity and two coupled-cavity cases. In particular, in the coupled-cavity case, the position of the enhancement peak is shifted due to the delocalized cavity field in the coupled system.
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10
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Singer C, Goetz A, Prasad AS, Becker M, Rothhardt M, Skoff SM. Thermal tuning of a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28778-28786. [PMID: 34615000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present the thermal tuning capability of an alignment-free, fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity. The two mirrors are made of fiber Bragg gratings that can be individually temperature stabilized and tuned. We show the temperature tuning of the resonance wavelength of the cavity without any degradation of the finesse and the tuning of the individual stop bands of the fiber Bragg gratings. This not only permits for the cavity's finesse to be optimized post-fabrication but also makes this cavity applicable as a narrowband filter with a FWHM spectral width of 0.07 ± 0.02 pm and a suppression of more than -15 dB that can be wavelength tuned. Further, in the field of quantum optics, where strong light-matter interactions are desirable, quantum emitters can be coupled to such a cavity and the cavity effect can be reversibly omitted and re-established. This is particularly useful when working with solid-state quantum emitters where such a reference measurement is often not possible once an emitter has been permanently deposited inside a cavity.
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11
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Will E, Masters L, Rauschenbeutel A, Scheucher M, Volz J. Coupling a Single Trapped Atom to a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microresonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:233602. [PMID: 34170158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate trapping of a single ^{85}Rb atom at a distance of about 200 nm from the surface of a whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonator. The atom is trapped in an optical potential, which is created by retroreflecting a red-detuned focused laser beam from the resonator surface. We counteract the trap-induced light shift of the atomic transition frequency by superposing a second laser beam. This allows us to observe a vacuum Rabi splitting in the excitation spectrum of the coupled atom-resonator system. This first demonstration of stable and controlled interaction of a single atom with a whispering-gallery mode in the strong coupling regime opens up the route toward the implementation of quantum protocols and applications that harvest the chiral atom-light coupling present in this class of resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Will
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luke Masters
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Scheucher
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Volz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Hümmer D, Romero-Isart O, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P. Probing Surface-Bound Atoms with Quantum Nanophotonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:163601. [PMID: 33961459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum control of atoms at ultrashort distances from surfaces would open a new paradigm in quantum optics and offer a novel tool for the investigation of near-surface physics. Here, we investigate the motional states of atoms that are bound weakly to the surface of a hot optical nanofiber. We theoretically demonstrate that with optimized mechanical properties of the nanofiber these states are quantized despite phonon-induced decoherence. We further show that it is possible to influence their properties with additional nanofiber-guided light fields and suggest heterodyne fluorescence spectroscopy to probe the spectrum of the quantized atomic motion. Extending the optical control of atoms to smaller atom-surface separations could create opportunities for quantum communication and instigate the convergence of surface physics, quantum optics, and the physics of cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hümmer
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oriol Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Wang X, Zhang P, Li G, Zhang T. High-efficiency coupling of single quantum emitters into hole-tailored nanofibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11158-11168. [PMID: 33820234 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to enhance the coupling efficiency of photons from a single quantum emitter into a hole-tailored nanofiber. The single quantum emitter is positioned inside a circular hole etched along the radial axis of the nanofiber. The coupling efficiency can be effectively enhanced and is twice as high as the case in which only an intact nanofiber without the hole is used. The effective enhancement independent of a cavity can avoid the selection of a single emitter for the specific wavelength, which means a broad operating wavelength range. Numerical simulations are performed to optimize the coupling efficiency by setting appropriate diameters of the nanofiber and the hole. The simulation results show that the coupling efficiency can reach 62.8% when the single quantum emitter with azimuthal polarization (x direction) is at a position 200 nm from the middle of the hole along the hole-axial direction. The diameters of the nanofiber and the hole are 800 nm and 400 nm, respectively, while the wavelength of the single quantum emitter is 852 nm. Hole-tailored nanofibers have a simple configuration and are easy to fabricate and integrate with other micro/nanophotonic structures; this fiber structure has wide application prospects in quantum information processing and quantum precision measurement.
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14
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Ruddell SK, Webb KE, Takahata M, Kato S, Aoki T. Ultra-low-loss nanofiber Fabry-Perot cavities optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4875-4878. [PMID: 32870880 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-low-loss, all-fiber Fabry-Perot cavities that contain a nanofiber section, optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. By continuously monitoring the finesse and fiber radius during the fabrication of a nanofiber between two fiber Bragg gratings, we were able to precisely evaluate taper transmission as a function of radius. The resulting cavities have an internal round-trip loss of only 0.31% at a nanofiber waist radius of 207 nm, with a total finesse of 1380, and a maximum expected internal cooperativity of ∼1050 for a cesium atom on the nanofiber surface. Our ability to fabricate such high-finesse nanofiber cavities may open the door for the realization of high-fidelity scalable quantum networks.
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15
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Meng Y, Liedl C, Pucher S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P. Imaging and Localizing Individual Atoms Interfaced with a Nanophotonic Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:053603. [PMID: 32794877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single particle-resolved fluorescence imaging is an enabling technology in cold-atom physics. However, so far, this technique has not been available for nanophotonic atom-light interfaces. Here, we image single atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using an optical nanofiber. Near-resonant light is scattered off the atoms and imaged while counteracting heating mechanisms via degenerate Raman cooling. We detect trapped atoms within 150 ms and record image sequences of given atoms. Building on our technique, we perform two experiments which are conditioned on the number and position of the nanofiber-trapped atoms. We measure the transmission of nanofiber-guided resonant light and verify its exponential scaling in the few-atom limit, in accordance with Beer-Lambert's law. Moreover, depending on the interatomic distance, we observe interference of the fields that two simultaneously trapped atoms emit into the nanofiber. The demonstrated technique enables postselection and possible feedback schemes and thereby opens the road toward a new generation of experiments in quantum nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Meng
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Liedl
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Pucher
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Skljarow A, Gruhler N, Pernice W, Kübler H, Pfau T, Löw R, Alaeian H. Integrating two-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of rubidium atoms with silicon photonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:19593-19607. [PMID: 32672233 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study an integrated silicon photonic chip, composed of several sub-wavelength ridge waveguides, and immersed in a micro-cell with rubidium vapor. Employing two-photon excitation, including a telecom wavelength, we observe that the waveguide transmission spectrum gets modified when the photonic mode is coupled to rubidium atoms through its evanescent tail. Due to the enhanced electric field in the waveguide cladding, the atomic transition can be saturated at a photon number ≈80 times less than a free-propagating beam case. The non-linearity of the atom-clad Si-waveguide is about 4 orders of magnitude larger than the maximum achievable value in doped Si photonics. The measured spectra corroborate well with a generalized effective susceptibility model that includes the Casimir-Polder potentials, due to the dielectric surface, and the transient interaction between flying atoms and the evanescent waveguide mode. This work paves the way towards a miniaturized, low-power, and integrated hybrid atomic-photonic system compatible with CMOS technologies.
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17
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Hütner J, Hoinkes T, Becker M, Rothhardt M, Rauschenbeutel A, Skoff SM. Nanofiber-based high-Q microresonator for cryogenic applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:3249-3257. [PMID: 32121997 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cryo-compatible, fully fiber-integrated, alignment-free optical microresonator. The compatibility with low temperatures expands its possible applications to the wide field of solid-state quantum optics, where a cryogenic environment is often a requirement. At a temperature of 4.6 K we obtain a quality factor of (9.9 ± 0.7) × 106. In conjunction with the small mode volume provided by the nanofiber, this cavity can be either used in the coherent dynamics or the fast cavity regime, where it can provide a Purcell factor of up to 15. Our resonator is therefore suitable for significantly enhancing the coupling between light and a large variety of different quantum emitters and due to its proven performance over a wide temperature range, also lends itself for the implementation of quantum hybrid systems.
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18
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Johnson A, Blaha M, Ulanov AE, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P, Volz J. Observation of Collective Superstrong Coupling of Cold Atoms to a 30-m Long Optical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:243602. [PMID: 31922835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of collective superstrong coupling of a small ensemble of atoms interacting with the field of a 30-m long fiber resonator containing a nanofiber section. The collective light-matter coupling strength exceeds the free-spectral range and the atoms couple to consecutive longitudinal resonator modes. The measured transmission spectra of the coupled atom-resonator system provide evidence of this regime, realized with a few hundred atoms with an intrinsic single-atom cooperativity of 0.13. These results are the starting point for studies in a new setting of light-matter interaction, with strong quantum nonlinearities and a new type of dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Johnson
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Blaha
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander E Ulanov
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Volz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Yang P, Xia X, He H, Li S, Han X, Zhang P, Li G, Zhang P, Xu J, Yang Y, Zhang T. Realization of Nonlinear Optical Nonreciprocity on a Few-Photon Level Based on Atoms Strongly Coupled to an Asymmetric Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233604. [PMID: 31868453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical nonreciprocity is important in photonic information processing to route the optical signal or prevent the reverse flow of noise. By adopting the strong nonlinearity associated with a few atoms in a strongly coupled cavity QED system and an asymmetric cavity configuration, we experimentally demonstrate the nonreciprocal transmission between two counterpropagating light fields with extremely low power. The transmission of 18% is achieved for the forward light field, and the maximum blocking ratio for the reverse light is 30 dB. Though the transmission of the forward light can be maximized by optimizing the impedance matching of the cavity, it is ultimately limited by the inherent loss of the scheme. This nonreciprocity can even occur on a few-photon level due to the high optical nonlinearity of the system. The working power can be flexibly tuned by changing the effective number of atoms strongly coupled to the cavity. The idea and result can be applied to optical chips as optical diodes by using fiber-based cavity QED systems. Our work opens up new perspectives for realizing optical nonreciprocity on a few-photon level based on the nonlinearities of atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Jian, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Hai He
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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20
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Nayak KP, Wang J, Keloth J. Real-Time Observation of Single Atoms Trapped and Interfaced to a Nanofiber Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:213602. [PMID: 31809149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient interfacing of individually trapped single atoms to a nanofiber cavity. The cavity is formed by fabricating photonic crystal structures directly on the nanofiber using femtosecond laser ablation. The single atoms are interfaced to the nanofiber cavity using an optical tweezer based side-illumination trapping scheme. We show that the fluorescence of individual single atoms trapped on the nanofiber cavity can be readily observed in real-time through the fiber guided modes. From the photon statistics measured for different cavity decay rates, the effective coupling rate of the atom-cavity interface is estimated to be 34±2 MHz. This yields a cooperativity of 5.4±0.6 (Purcell factor=6.4±0.6) and a cavity enhanced channeling efficiency as high as 85±2% for a cavity mode with a finesse of 140. The trap lifetime is measured to be 52±5 ms. These results may open new possibilities for deterministic preparation of single atom events for quantum photonics applications on an all-fiber platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali P Nayak
- Center for Photonic Innovations and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Photonic Innovations and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585
| | - Jameesh Keloth
- Center for Photonic Innovations and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585
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21
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Lamsal HP, Franson JD, Pittman TB. Transmission characteristics of optical nanofibers in metastable xenon. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6470-6473. [PMID: 31503574 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the transmission characteristics of subwavelength diameter silica optical nanofibers (ONFs) surrounded with xenon plasma produced by low-pressure inductive RF discharge. In contrast with related experiments using rubidium vapor, we find essentially no degradation of optical transmission through the ONFs as a function of time. We also observe a pronounced ONF transmission modulation effect that depends on the conditions of the xenon plasma.
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22
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White DH, Kato S, Német N, Parkins S, Aoki T. Cavity Dark Mode of Distant Coupled Atom-Cavity Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:253603. [PMID: 31347899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a combined experimental and theoretical investigation into the normal modes of an all-fiber coupled cavity-quantum-electrodynamics system. The interaction between atomic ensembles and photons in the same cavities, and that between the photons in these cavities and the photons in the fiber connecting these cavities, generates five nondegenerate normal modes. We demonstrate our ability to excite each normal mode individually. We study particularly the "cavity dark mode," in which the two cavities coupled directly to the atoms do not exhibit photonic excitation. Through the observation of this mode, we demonstrate remote excitation and nonlocal saturation of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H White
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nikolett Német
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Scott Parkins
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Takao Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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23
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Abstract
We discuss the trapping of cold atoms within microscopic voids drilled perpendicularly through the axis of an optical waveguide. The dimensions of the voids considered are between 1 and 40 optical wavelengths. By simulating light transmission across the voids, we find that appropriate shaping of the voids can substantially reduce the associated loss of optical power. Our results demonstrate that the formation of an optical cavity around such a void could produce strong coupling between the atoms and the guided light. By bringing multiple atoms into a single void and exploiting collective enhancement, cooperativities ~400 or more should be achievable. The simulations are carried out using a finite difference time domain method. Methods for the production of such a void and the trapping of cold atoms within it are also discussed.
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24
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Li C, Chai X, Wei B, Yang J, Daruwalla A, Ayazi F, Raman C. Cascaded collimator for atomic beams traveling in planar silicon devices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1831. [PMID: 31015477 PMCID: PMC6478944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and increasingly, nano-fabrication have enabled the miniaturization of atomic devices, from vapor cells to atom chips for Bose-Einstein condensation. Here we present microfabricated planar devices for thermal atomic beams. Etched microchannels were used to create highly collimated, continuous rubidium atom beams traveling parallel to a silicon wafer surface. Precise, lithographic definition of the guiding channels allowed for shaping and tailoring the velocity distributions in ways not possible using conventional machining. Multiple miniature beams with individually prescribed geometries were created, including collimated, focusing and diverging outputs. A "cascaded" collimator was realized with 40 times greater purity than conventional collimators. These localized, miniature atom beam sources can be a valuable resource for a number of quantum technologies, including atom interferometers, clocks, Rydberg atoms, and hybrid atom-nanophotonic systems, as well as enabling controlled studies of atom-surface interactions at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiao Chai
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Bochao Wei
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeremy Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anosh Daruwalla
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Farrokh Ayazi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - C Raman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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25
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Kim ME, Chang TH, Fields BM, Chen CA, Hung CL. Trapping single atoms on a nanophotonic circuit with configurable tweezer lattices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1647. [PMID: 30967571 PMCID: PMC6456496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trapped atoms near nanophotonics form an exciting platform for bottom-up synthesis of strongly interacting quantum matter. The ability to induce tunable long-range atom-atom interactions with photons presents an opportunity to explore many-body physics and quantum optics. Here we implement a configurable optical tweezer array over a planar photonic circuit tailored for cold atom integration and control for trapping and high-fidelity imaging of one or more atoms in an array directly on a photonic structure. Using an optical conveyor belt formed by a moving optical lattice within a tweezer potential, we show that single atoms can be transported from a reservoir into close proximity of a photonic interface, potentially allowing for the synthesis of a defect-free atom-nanophotonic hybrid lattice. Our experimental platform can be integrated with generic planar photonic waveguides and resonators, promising a pathway towards on-chip many-body quantum optics and applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- May E Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brian M Fields
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Cheng-An Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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26
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Observation of dressed states of distant atoms with delocalized photons in coupled-cavities quantum electrodynamics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1160. [PMID: 30858381 PMCID: PMC6411748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where atoms coherently interact with photons in a cavity, the eigenstates of the system are the superposition states of atoms and cavity photons, the so-called dressed states of atoms. When two cavities are connected by an optical fiber with negligible loss, the coherent coupling between the cavities gives rise to photonic normal modes. One of these normal modes is the fiber-dark mode, in which photons are delocalized in the two distant cavities. Here we demonstrate the setting of coupled-cavities QED, where two nanofiber cavity-QED systems are coherently connected by a meter-long low-loss channel in an all-fiber fashion. Specifically, we observe dressed states of distant atoms with delocalized photons of the fiber-dark normal mode. Our system will provide a platform for the study of delocalized atomic and photonic states, photonic many-body physics, and distributed quantum computation. The coherent dynamics of coupled atoms that interact with a common mode is different from that of independent atoms. Here the authors demonstrate the delocalization of excited states of atoms and photons using two ensembles of cold Cs atoms in cavities connected with meter long optical fiber.
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27
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Gallego J, Alt W, Macha T, Martinez-Dorantes M, Pandey D, Meschede D. Strong Purcell Effect on a Neutral Atom Trapped in an Open Fiber Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173603. [PMID: 30411925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe a sixfold Purcell broadening of the D_{2} line of an optically trapped ^{87}Rb atom strongly coupled to a fiber cavity. Under external illumination by a near-resonant laser, up to 90% of the atom's fluorescence is emitted into the resonant cavity mode. The sub-Poissonian statistics of the cavity output and the Purcell enhancement of the atomic decay rate are confirmed by the observation of a strongly narrowed antibunching dip in the photon autocorrelation function. The photon leakage through the higher-transmission mirror of the single-sided resonator is the dominant contribution to the field decay (κ≈2π×50 MHz), thus offering a high-bandwidth, fiber-coupled channel for photonic interfaces such as quantum memories and single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallego
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - W Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Macha
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Martinez-Dorantes
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Pandey
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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28
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Shafi KM, Luo W, Yalla R, Iida K, Tsutsumi E, Miyanaga A, Hakuta K. Hybrid System of an Optical Nanofibre and a Single Quantum Dot Operated at Cryogenic Temperatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13494. [PMID: 30202021 PMCID: PMC6131157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in quantum nanophotonics brings novel ways for manipulating single photons in various nano-waveguides. Among them, one promising approach is to use optical nanofibres (ONFs), tapered optical fibres with sub-wavelength diameter waists. Here, we develop a hybrid system of an ONF and a single quantum dot (QD) operated at cryogenic temperatures. We deposit a single colloidal CdSe QD on an ONF waist and observe emitted photons through the fibre guided modes. We systematically investigate emission characteristics for both the neutral exciton and charged exciton (trion) for one specific QD. We quantitatively show that the trion at cryogenic temperatures acts as an excellent quantum emitter for the ONF and QD hybrid system. The present ONF/QD hybrid system at cryogenic temperatures paves the way for quantum information technologies for manipulating single photons in fibre networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Muhammed Shafi
- Center for Photonic Innovations, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Wei Luo
- Center for Photonic Innovations, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Ramachandrarao Yalla
- Center for Photonic Innovations, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunori Iida
- NS Materials Inc., Tsukushino, Fukuoka, 818-0042, Japan
| | - Emi Tsutsumi
- NS Materials Inc., Tsukushino, Fukuoka, 818-0042, Japan
| | | | - Kohzo Hakuta
- Center for Photonic Innovations, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan.
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29
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Yoshihara F, Fuse T, Ao Z, Ashhab S, Kakuyanagi K, Saito S, Aoki T, Koshino K, Semba K. Inversion of Qubit Energy Levels in Qubit-Oscillator Circuits in the Deep-Strong-Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183601. [PMID: 29775324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on experimentally measured light shifts of superconducting flux qubits deep-strongly coupled to LC oscillators, where the coupling constants are comparable to the qubit and oscillator resonance frequencies. By using two-tone spectroscopy, the energies of the six lowest levels of each circuit are determined. We find huge Lamb shifts that exceed 90% of the bare qubit frequencies and inversions of the qubits' ground and excited states when there are a finite number of photons in the oscillator. Our experimental results agree with theoretical predictions based on the quantum Rabi model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yoshihara
- Advanced ICT Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - T Fuse
- Advanced ICT Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Z Ao
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - S Ashhab
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Kakuyanagi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - S Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - T Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-8-30, Kounodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - K Semba
- Advanced ICT Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
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30
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Qin W, Miranowicz A, Li PB, Lü XY, You JQ, Nori F. Exponentially Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction, Cooperativities, and Steady-State Entanglement Using Parametric Amplification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:093601. [PMID: 29547303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimentally feasible method for enhancing the atom-field coupling as well as the ratio between this coupling and dissipation (i.e., cooperativity) in an optical cavity. It exploits optical parametric amplification to exponentially enhance the atom-cavity interaction and, hence, the cooperativity of the system, with the squeezing-induced noise being completely eliminated. Consequently, the atom-cavity system can be driven from the weak-coupling regime to the strong-coupling regime for modest squeezing parameters, and even can achieve an effective cooperativity much larger than 100. Based on this, we further demonstrate the generation of steady-state nearly maximal quantum entanglement. The resulting entanglement infidelity (which quantifies the deviation of the actual state from a maximally entangled state) is exponentially smaller than the lower bound on the infidelities obtained in other dissipative entanglement preparations without applying squeezing. In principle, we can make an arbitrarily small infidelity. Our generic method for enhancing atom-cavity interaction and cooperativities can be implemented in a wide range of physical systems, and it can provide diverse applications for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-You Lü
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - J Q You
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Franco Nori
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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31
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Østfeldt C, Béguin JBS, Pedersen FT, Polzik ES, Müller JH, Appel J. Dipole force free optical control and cooling of nanofiber trapped atoms. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4315-4318. [PMID: 29088152 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evanescent field surrounding nanoscale optical waveguides offers an efficient interface between light and mesoscopic ensembles of neutral atoms. However, the thermal motion of trapped atoms, combined with the strong radial gradients of the guided light, leads to a time-modulated coupling between atoms and the light mode, thus giving rise to additional noise and motional dephasing of collective states. Here, we present a dipole force free scheme for coupling of the radial motional states, utilizing the strong intensity gradient of the guided mode and demonstrate all-optical coupling of the cesium hyperfine ground states and motional sideband transitions. We utilize this to prolong the trap lifetime of an atomic ensemble by Raman sideband cooling of the radial motion which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been demonstrated in nano-optical structures previously. This Letter points towards full and independent control of internal and external atomic degrees of freedom using guided light modes only.
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32
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Fujiwara M, Neitzke O, Schröder T, Schell AW, Wolters J, Zheng J, Mouradian S, Almoktar M, Takeuchi S, Englund D, Benson O. Fiber-Coupled Diamond Micro-Waveguides toward an Efficient Quantum Interface for Spin Defect Centers. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7194-7202. [PMID: 31457298 PMCID: PMC6645309 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct integration and efficient coupling of nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond nanophotonic structures into a fiber-based photonic architecture at cryogenic temperatures. NV centers are embedded in diamond micro-waveguides (μWGs), which are coupled to fiber tapers. Fiber tapers have low-loss connection to single-mode optical fibers and hence enable efficient integration of NV centers into optical fiber networks. We numerically optimize the parameters of the μWG-fiber-taper devices designed particularly for use in cryogenic experiments, resulting in 35.6% coupling efficiency, and experimentally demonstrate cooling of these devices to the liquid helium temperature of 4.2 K without loss of the fiber transmission. We observe sharp zero-phonon lines in the fluorescence of NV centers through the pigtailed fibers at 100 K. The optimized devices with high photon coupling efficiency and the demonstration of cooling to cryogenic temperatures are an important step to realize fiber-based quantum nanophotonic interfaces using diamond spin defect centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Fujiwara
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka
8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Oliver Neitzke
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Niels Bohr
Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas W. Schell
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janik Wolters
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiabao Zheng
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sara Mouradian
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohamed Almoktar
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka
8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Physics
Department, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Shigeki Takeuchi
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka
8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department
of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto
University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Dirk Englund
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Oliver Benson
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Yonezu Y, Wakui K, Furusawa K, Takeoka M, Semba K, Aoki T. Efficient Single-Photon Coupling from a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Embedded in a Diamond Nanowire Utilizing an Optical Nanofiber. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12985. [PMID: 29021540 PMCID: PMC5636877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state quantum emitters that can be utilized for photonic quantum applications. Various diamond nanophotonic devices have been fabricated for efficient extraction of single photons emitted from NV centers to a single guided mode. However, for constructing scalable quantum networks, further efficient coupling of single photons to a guided mode of a single-mode fiber (SMF) is indispensable and a difficult challenge. Here, we propose a novel efficient hybrid system between an optical nanofiber and a cylindrical-structured diamond nanowire. The maximum coupling efficiency as high as 75% for the sum of both fiber ends is obtained by numerical simulations. The proposed hybrid system will provide a simple and efficient interface between solid-state quantum emitters and a SMF suitable for constructing scalable quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yonezu
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Wakui
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Furusawa
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeoka
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Semba
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Nukui-kita 4-2-1, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Solano P, Fatemi FK, Orozco LA, Rolston SL. Dynamics of trapped atoms around an optical nanofiber probed through polarimetry. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2283-2286. [PMID: 28614332 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evanescent field outside an optical nanofiber (ONF) can create optical traps for neutral atoms. We present a non-destructive method to characterize such trapping potentials. An off-resonance linearly polarized probe beam that propagates through the ONF experiences a slow axis of polarization produced by trapped atoms on opposite sides along the ONF. The transverse atomic motion is imprinted onto the probe polarization through the changing atomic index of refraction. By applying a transient impulse, we measure a time-dependent polarization rotation of the probe beam that provides both a rapid and non-destructive measurement of the optical trapping frequencies.
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35
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Kim J, Kim S, Bahl G. Complete linear optical isolation at the microscale with ultralow loss. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1647. [PMID: 28484213 PMCID: PMC5431488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-loss optical isolators and circulators are critical nonreciprocal components for signal routing and protection, but their chip-scale integration is not yet practical using standard photonics foundry processes. The significant challenges that confront integration of magneto-optic nonreciprocal systems on chip have made imperative the exploration of magnet free alternatives. However, none of these approaches have yet demonstrated linear optical isolation with ideal characteristics over a microscale footprint – simultaneously incorporating large contrast with ultralow forward loss – having fundamental compatibility with photonic integration in standard waveguide materials. Here we demonstrate that complete linear optical isolation can be obtained within any dielectric waveguide using only a whispering-gallery microresonator pumped by a single-frequency laser. The isolation originates from a nonreciprocal induced transparency based on a coherent light-sound interaction, with the coupling originating from the traveling-wave Brillouin scattering interaction, that breaks time-reversal symmetry within the waveguide-resonator system. Our result demonstrates that material-agnostic and wavelength-agnostic optical isolation is far more accessible for chip-scale photonics than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHwan Kim
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Seunghwi Kim
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaurav Bahl
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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36
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Keloth J, Nayak KP, Hakuta K. Fabrication of a centimeter-long cavity on a nanofiber for cavity quantum electrodynamics. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1003-1006. [PMID: 28248346 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of a 1.2 cm long cavity directly on a nanofiber using femtosecond laser ablation. The cavity modes with finesse values in the range of 200-400 can enable the "strong-coupling" regime of cavity QED, with high cooperativity of 10-20, for a single atom trapped 200 nm away from the fiber surface [Phys. Rev. A80, 053826 (2009)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.80.053826]. Such cavity modes can still maintain the transmission between 40%-60%, suggesting a one-pass intracavity transmission of 99.53%. Other cavity modes, which can enable cooperativity in the range of 3-10, show transmission over 60%-85% and are suitable for fiber-based single-photon sources and quantum nonlinear optics in the "Purcell" regime.
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37
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Ren J, Gu Y, Zhao D, Zhang F, Zhang T, Gong Q. Evanescent-Vacuum-Enhanced Photon-Exciton Coupling and Fluorescence Collection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:073604. [PMID: 28256881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.073604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An evanescent optical mode existing in various nanophotonic structures always acts as a cavity mode rather than an electromagnetic vacuum in the study of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). Here we show that taking the evanescent mode as an electromagnetic vacuum in which the nanocavity is located is possible through the optical mode design. The proposed evanescent vacuum enables us to enhance both the reversible photon-exciton interaction and fluorescence collection. By embedding the custom-designed plasmon nanocavity into the evanescent vacuum provided by a metallic or dielectric nanowire, the photon-exciton coupling coefficient can achieve 4.2 times that in vacuum due to the exponential decay of the evanescent wave, and spontaneously emitted photons with Rabi splitting can be guided by an evanescent wave with a collection efficiency of 47% at most. Electromagnetic vacuum engineering at subwavelength scale holds promise for controlling the light-matter interaction in quantum optics, CQED, and on-chip quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Dongxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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38
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Schneeweiss P, Zeiger S, Hoinkes T, Rauschenbeutel A, Volz J. Fiber ring resonator with a nanofiber section for chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics and multimode strong coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:85-88. [PMID: 28059184 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally realize an optical fiber ring resonator that includes a tapered section with a subwavelength-diameter waist. In this section, the guided light exhibits a significant evanescent field which allows for efficient interfacing with optical emitters. A commercial tunable fiber beam splitter provides simple and robust coupling to the resonator. Key parameters of the resonator such as the out-coupling rate, free spectral range, and birefringence can be adjusted. Thanks to the low taper- and coupling-losses, the resonator exhibits an unloaded finesse of F=75±1, sufficient for reaching the regime of strong coupling for emitters placed in the evanescent field. The system is ideally suited for trapping ensembles of laser-cooled atoms along the nanofiber section. Based on measured parameters, we estimate that the system can serve as a platform for optical multimode strong coupling experiments. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of using the resonator for applications based on chiral quantum optics.
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39
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Madsen LS, Baker C, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Bowen WP. Nondestructive Profilometry of Optical Nanofibers. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7333-7337. [PMID: 27960530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-mode optical nanofibers are a central component of a broad range of applications and emerging technologies. Their fabrication has been extensively studied over the past decade, but imaging of the final submicrometer products has been restricted to destructive or low-precision techniques. Here, we demonstrate an optical scattering-based scanning method that uses a probe nanofiber to locally scatter the evanescent field of a sample nanofibre. The method does not damage the sample nanofiber and is easily implemented by only using the same equipment as in a standard fiber-puller setup. We demonstrate the subnanometer radial resolution at video rates (0.7 nm in 10 ms) on single mode nanofibers, allowing for a complete high-precision profile to be obtained within minutes of fabrication. The method thus enables nondestructive, fast, and precise characterization of optical nanofibers, with applications ranging from optical sensors and cold atom traps to nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars S Madsen
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher Baker
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Warwick P Bowen
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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40
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Sørensen HL, Béguin JB, Kluge KW, Iakoupov I, Sørensen AS, Müller JH, Polzik ES, Appel J. Coherent Backscattering of Light Off One-Dimensional Atomic Strings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:133604. [PMID: 27715084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental realization of coherent Bragg scattering off a one-dimensional system-two strings of atoms strongly coupled to a single photonic mode-realized by trapping atoms in the evanescent field of a tapered optical fiber, which also guides the probe light. We report nearly 12% power reflection from strings containing only about 1000 cesium atoms, an enhancement of 2 orders of magnitude compared to reflection from randomly positioned atoms. This result paves the road towards collective strong coupling in 1D atom-photon systems. Our approach also allows for a straightforward fiber connection between several distant 1D atomic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Sørensen
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J-B Béguin
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K W Kluge
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Iakoupov
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A S Sørensen
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J H Müller
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E S Polzik
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Appel
- QUANTOP, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Jones DE, Hickman GT, Franson JD, Pittman TB. Nanofiber-segment ring resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3683-3685. [PMID: 27519062 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a fiber ring resonator comprised of a relatively long loop of standard single-mode fiber with a short nanofiber segment. The evanescent mode of the nanofiber segment allows the cavity-enhanced field to interact with atoms in close proximity to the nanofiber surface. We report on an experiment using a warm atomic vapor and low-finesse cavity, and briefly discuss the potential for reaching the strong coupling regime of cavity QED by using trapped atoms and a high-finesse cavity of this kind.
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42
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Sadgrove M, Wimberger S, Nic Chormaic S. Quantum coherent tractor beam effect for atoms trapped near a nanowaveguide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28905. [PMID: 27440516 PMCID: PMC4954976 DOI: 10.1038/srep28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose several schemes to realize a tractor beam effect for ultracold atoms in the vicinity of a few-mode nanowaveguide. Atoms trapped near the waveguide are transported in a direction opposite to the guided mode propagation direction. We analyse three specific examples for ultracold (23)Na atoms trapped near a specific nanowaveguide (i.e. an optical nanofibre): (i) a conveyor belt-type tractor beam effect, (ii) an accelerator tractor beam effect, and (iii) a quantum coherent tractor beam effect, all of which can effectively pull atoms along the nanofibre toward the light source. This technique provides a new tool for controlling the motion of particles near nanowaveguides with potential applications in the study of particle transport and binding as well as atom interferometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sadgrove
- Research Institute of Electrical Communications, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi Japan
| | - Sandro Wimberger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universitádi Parma, Via G. P. Usberti 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Italy
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter Interactions Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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43
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Daly M, Truong VG, Chormaic SN. Evanescent field trapping of nanoparticles using nanostructured ultrathin optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:14470-14482. [PMID: 27410600 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.014470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While conventional optical trapping techniques can trap objects with submicron dimensions, the underlying limits imposed by the diffraction of light generally restrict their use to larger or higher refractive index particles. As the index and diameter decrease, the trapping difficulty rapidly increases; hence, the power requirements for stable trapping become so large as to quickly denature the trapped objects in such diffraction-limited systems. Here, we present an evanescent field-based device capable of confining low index nanoscale particles using modest optical powers as low as 1.2 mW, with additional applications in the field of cold atom trapping. Our experiment uses a nanostructured optical micro-nanofiber to trap 200 nm, low index contrast, fluorescent particles within the structured region, thereby overcoming diffraction limitations. We analyze the trapping potential of this device both experimentally and theoretically, and show how strong optical traps are achieved with low input powers.
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