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Thakur T, Peeters FM, Szafran B. Electrical manipulation of the spins in phosphorene double quantum dots. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18966. [PMID: 39152176 PMCID: PMC11329667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) induced by an oscillating electric field within a system of double quantum dots formed electrostatically in monolayer phosphorene. Apart from the observed anisotropy of effective masses, phosphorene has been predicted to exhibit anisotropic spin-orbit coupling. Here, we examine a system consisting of two electrons confined in double quantum dots. A single-band effective Hamiltonian together with the configuration interaction theory is implemented to simulate the time evolution of the ground state. We examine spin flips resulting from singlet-triplet transitions driven by external AC electric fields, both near and away from the Pauli blockade regime, revealing fast sub-nanosecond transition times. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of anisotropy by comparing dots arranged along a different crystal axis. The sub-harmonic multi-photon transitions and Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana transitions are discussed. We show modulation of spin-like and charge-like characteristics of the qubit through potential detuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Thakur
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francois M Peeters
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Bartłomiej Szafran
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
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2
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Bhattacharya S, Datta S. Rashba splitting in polar-nonpolar sandwich heterostructure: a DFT study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:405701. [PMID: 38979851 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5d42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we employ density functional theory based first-principles calculations to investigate the spin-orbit effects in the electronic structure of a polar-nonpolar sandwich heterostructure namelyLaAlO3/SrTiO3/LaAlO3. Our focus on theTi-3dbands reveals an inverted ordering of theSrTiO3-t2gorbital near the n-type interface, which is consistent with earlier experimental work. In contrast, toward the p-type interface, the orbital ordering aligns with the natural ordering ofSrTiO3orbitals, influenced by crystal field splitting. In the presence of SOC, a notable inter-orbital coupling betweent2gandegorbitals is observed within the tetragonal slab, a phenomenon not reported before in theSrTiO3-based 2D systems. Additionally, our observations highlight that the cubic Rashba splitting in this system surpasses the linear Rashba splitting, contrary to experimental findings. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a refined understanding of the role of orbital mixing in Rashba splitting in the sandwich oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjoy Datta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
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3
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Li R. Spin-photon interaction in a nanowire quantum dot with asymmetrical confining potential. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:195302. [PMID: 38277684 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad22fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The electron (hole) spin-photon interaction is studied in an asymmetrical InSb (Ge) nanowire quantum dot. The spin-orbit coupling in the quantum dot mediates not only a transverse spin-photon interaction, but also a longitudinal spin-photon interaction due to the asymmetry of the confining potential. Both the transverse and the longitudinal spin-photon interactions have non-monotonic dependence on the spin-orbit coupling. For realistic spin-orbit coupling in the quantum dot, the longitudinal spin-photon interaction is much (at least one order) smaller than the transverse spin-photon interaction. The order of the transverse spin-photon interaction is about 1 nm in terms of length|zeg|, or 0.1 MHz in terms of frequencyeE0|zeg|/hfor a moderate cavity electric field strengthE0=0.4V m-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
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4
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Bargerbos A, Pita-Vidal M, Žitko R, Splitthoff LJ, Grünhaupt L, Wesdorp JJ, Liu Y, Kouwenhoven LP, Aguado R, Andersen CK, Kou A, van Heck B. Spectroscopy of Spin-Split Andreev Levels in a Quantum Dot with Superconducting Leads. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:097001. [PMID: 37721843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.097001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We use a hybrid superconductor-semiconductor transmon device to perform spectroscopy of a quantum dot Josephson junction tuned to be in a spin-1/2 ground state with an unpaired quasiparticle. Because of spin-orbit coupling, we resolve two flux-sensitive branches in the transmon spectrum, depending on the spin of the quasiparticle. A finite magnetic field shifts the two branches in energy, favoring one spin state and resulting in the anomalous Josephson effect. We demonstrate the excitation of the direct spin-flip transition using all-electrical control. Manipulation and control of the spin-flip transition enable the future implementation of charging energy protected Andreev spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bargerbos
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Marta Pita-Vidal
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Rok Žitko
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lukas J Splitthoff
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Lukas Grünhaupt
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Wesdorp
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Yu Liu
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leo P Kouwenhoven
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Ramón Aguado
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angela Kou
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bernard van Heck
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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5
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Abadillo-Uriel JC, Rodríguez-Mena EA, Martinez B, Niquet YM. Hole-Spin Driving by Strain-Induced Spin-Orbit Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:097002. [PMID: 37721821 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.097002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Hole spins in semiconductor quantum dots can be efficiently manipulated with radio-frequency electric fields owing to the strong spin-orbit interactions in the valence bands. Here we show that the motion of the dot in inhomogeneous strain fields gives rise to linear Rashba spin-orbit interactions (with spatially dependent spin-orbit lengths) and g-factor modulations that allow for fast Rabi oscillations. Such inhomogeneous strains build up spontaneously in the devices due to process and cool down stress. We discuss spin qubits in Ge/GeSi heterostructures as an illustration. We highlight that Rabi frequencies can be enhanced by 1 order of magnitude by shear strain gradients as small as 3×10^{-6} nm^{-1} within the dots. This underlines that spins in solids can be very sensitive to strains and opens the way for strain engineering in hole spin devices for quantum information and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Biel Martinez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM-L_Sim, 38000 Grenoble, France
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6
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Bhattacharyya K, Debnath D, Chatterjee A. Rashba effect on finite temperature magnetotransport in a dissipative quantum dot transistor with electronic and polaronic interactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5500. [PMID: 37016149 PMCID: PMC10073154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rashba spin-orbit coupling induced quantum transport through a quantum dot embedded in a two-arm quantum loop of a quantum dot transistor is studied at finite temperature in the presence of electron-phonon and Hubbard interactions, an external magnetic field and quantum dissipation. The Anderson-Holstein-Caldeira-Leggett-Rashba model is used to describe the system and several unitary transformations are employed to decouple some of the interactions and the transport properties are calculated using the Keldysh technique. It is shown that the Rashba coupling alone separates the spin-up and spin-down currents causing zero-field spin-polarization. The gap between the up and down-spin currents and conductances can be changed by tuning the Rashba strength. In the absence of a field, the spin-up and spin-down currents show an opposite behaviour with respect to spin-orbit interaction phase. The spin-polarization increases with increasing electron-phonon interaction at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic field, the tunneling conductance and spin-polarization change differently with the polaronic interaction, spin-orbit interaction and dissipation in different temperature regimes. This study predicts that for a given Rashba strength and magnetic field, the maximum spin-polarization in a quantum dot based device occurs at zero temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debika Debnath
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ashok Chatterjee
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
- Department of Physics, GITAM University, Hyderabad, India.
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7
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Jin IK, Kumar K, Rendell MJ, Huang JY, Escott CC, Hudson FE, Lim WH, Dzurak AS, Hamilton AR, Liles SD. Combining n-MOS Charge Sensing with p-MOS Silicon Hole Double Quantum Dots in a CMOS platform. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1261-1266. [PMID: 36748989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Holes in silicon quantum dots are receiving attention due to their potential as fast, tunable, and scalable qubits in semiconductor quantum circuits. Despite this, challenges remain in this material system including difficulties using charge sensing to determine the number of holes in a quantum dot, and in controlling the coupling between adjacent quantum dots. We address these problems by fabricating an ambipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device using multilayer palladium gates. The device consists of an electron charge sensor adjacent to a hole double quantum dot. We demonstrate control of the spin state via electric dipole spin resonance. We achieve smooth control of the interdot coupling rate over 1 order of magnitude and use the charge sensor to perform spin-to-charge conversion to measure the hole singlet-triplet relaxation time of 11 μs for a known hole occupation. These results provide a path toward improving the quality and controllability of hole spin-qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Kyeong Jin
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Krittika Kumar
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Rendell
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yue Huang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chris C Escott
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Fay E Hudson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Wee Han Lim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew S Dzurak
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander R Hamilton
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott D Liles
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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8
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Fan F, Chen Y, Pan D, Zhao J, Xu HQ. Electrically tunable spin-orbit interaction in an InAs nanosheet. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2642-2648. [PMID: 36132279 PMCID: PMC9417834 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in an epitaxially grown free-standing InAs nanosheet in a dual-gate field-effect device. Gate-transfer characteristic measurements show that independent tuning of the carrier density in the nanosheet and the potential difference across the nanosheet can be efficiently achieved with the use of a dual gate. The quantum transport characteristics of the InAs nanosheet are investigated by magnetoconductance measurements at low temperatures. It is shown that the electron transport in the nanosheet can be tuned from the weak antilocalization to the weak localization and then back to the weak antilocalization regime with a voltage applied over the dual gate without a change in the carrier density. The spin-orbit length extracted from the magnetoconductance measurements at a constant carrier density exhibits a peak value at which the SOI of the Rashba type is suppressed and the spin relaxation due to the presence of an SOI of the Dresselhaus type in the nanosheet can be revealed. Energy band diagram simulations have also been carried out for the device under the experimental conditions and the physical insights into the experimental observations have been discussed in light of the results of simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuanjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 912 Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 912 Beijing 100083 China
| | - H Q Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193 China
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9
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Hai K, Wang Y, Chen Q, Hai W. Transparent qubit manipulations with spin-orbit coupled two-electron nanowire quantum dot. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18839. [PMID: 34552131 PMCID: PMC8458319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the first set of exact orthonormalized states to an ac driven one-dimensional (1D) two-electron nanowire quantum dot with the Rashba-Dresselhaus coexisted spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the controlled magnetic field orientation and trapping frequency. In the ground state case, it is shown that the spatiotemporal evolutions of probability densities occupying internal spin states and the transfer rates between different spin states can be adjusted by the ac electric field and the intensities of SOC and magnetic field. Effects of the system parameters and initial-state-dependent constants on the mean entanglement are revealed, where the approximately maximal entanglement associated with the stronger SOC and its insensitivity to the initial and parametric perturbations are demonstrated numerically. A novel resonance transition mechanism is found, in which the ladder-like time-evolution process of expected energy and the transition time between two arbitrary exact states are controlled by the ac field strength. Using such maximally entangled exact states to encode qubits can render the qubit control more transparent and robust. The results could be extended to 2D case and to an array of two-electron quantum dots with weak neighboring coupling for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Hai
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenhua Hai
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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10
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Lü H, Fang T, Xie Z, Tang M. Shot noise of spin-polarized electrons in a single-channel magnetic tunnel junctions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:325304. [PMID: 34082404 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac07cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the free electron approximation and Egues' shot noise theory, the shot noise of spin-polarized electrons tunneling in ferromagnetic/semiconductor/ferromagnetic tunnel junctions is studied. Considering the matching of conduction band between ferromagnetic and semiconductor layers, our results show that the Fano factors of spin-polarized electrons have resonant tunneling characteristics when the semiconductor thickness and Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength are increased. When the magnetic moments in two ferromagnetic layers are parallel, with the increase of the molecular field in the ferromagnets, the Fano factor for spin-up electron decreases to zero and then increases exponentially and the Fano factor for spin-down electron is always linear. But when the magnetic moments are antiparallel, the Fano factors for different spin directions tend to be the same. In addition, the Fano factors for different spin directions are almost zero when the incident electron energy is located in the low energy region, but exhibit irregular oscillation when the incident electron energy is located in the high energy region. At the same time, with the variations of the angle of the magnetic moments in two ferromagnetic layers, the electrons Fano factors for different spin orientations show obvious separation characteristics. On the other hand, the conduction band mismatch between ferromagnetic and semiconductor layers is considered, the Fano factors of electrons with different spin directions show obvious difference compared with the results of conduction band matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- HouXiang Lü
- Department of Medical Technology, Bijie Medical College, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - TianHai Fang
- Department of Medical Technology, Bijie Medical College, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhengWei Xie
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - MingJun Tang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhang T, Liu H, Gao F, Xu G, Wang K, Zhang X, Cao G, Wang T, Zhang J, Hu X, Li HO, Guo GP. Anisotropic g-Factor and Spin-Orbit Field in a Germanium Hut Wire Double Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3835-3842. [PMID: 33914549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Holes in nanowires have drawn significant attention in recent years because of the strong spin-orbit interaction, which plays an important role in constructing Majorana zero modes and manipulating spin-orbit qubits. Here, from the strongly anisotropic leakage current in the spin blockade regime for a double dot, we extract the full g-tensor and find that the spin-orbit field is in plane with an azimuthal angle of 59° to the axis of the nanowire. The direction of the spin-orbit field indicates a strong spin-orbit interaction along the nanowire, which may have originated from the interface inversion asymmetry in Ge hut wires. We also demonstrate two different spin relaxation mechanisms for the holes in the Ge hut wire double dot: spin-flip co-tunneling to the leads, and spin-orbit interaction within the double dot. These results help establish feasibility of a Ge-based quantum processor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - He Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ke Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Institute of Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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12
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Sercel PC, Vardeny ZV, Efros AL. Circular dichroism in non-chiral metal halide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18067-18078. [PMID: 32820791 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically that non-chiral perovskite layers can exhibit circular dichroism (CD) in the absence of a magnetic field and without chiral activation by chiral molecules. The effect is shown to be due to splitting of helical excitonic states which can form in structures of orthorhombic or lower symmetry that exhibit Rashba spin effects. The selective coupling of these helical exciton states to helical light is shown to give rise to circular dichroism. Polarization dependent absorption is shown to occur due to the combined effect of Rashba splitting, in-plane symmetry breaking, and the effect of the exciton momentum on its fine structure, which takes the form of Zeeman splitting in an effective magnetic field. This phenomenon, which can be considered as a manifestation of extrinsic chirality, results in significant CD with an anisotropy factor of up to 30% in orthorhombic perovskite layers under off-normal, top illumination conditions, raising the possibility of its observation in non-chiral perovskite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Sercel
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. and Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Zeev Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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13
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Li R. A spin dephasing mechanism mediated by the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and the asymmetrical confining potential in a semiconductor quantum dot. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:395304. [PMID: 30141413 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aadcb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spin dephasing mechanism is of fundamental importance in all potential applications of the spin qubit. Here we demonstrate a spin dephasing mechanism in a semiconductor quantum dot due to the 1/f charge noise. The spin-charge interaction is mediated by the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and the asymmetrical quantum dot confining potential. The dephasing rate is proportional to both the strength of the spin-orbit coupling and the degree of the asymmetry of the confining potential. For parameters typical of the InSb, InAs, and GaAs quantum dots with a moderate well-height [Formula: see text] meV, we find the spin dephasing times are [Formula: see text] μs, 275 μs, and 55 ms, respectively. In particular, the spin dephasing can be enhanced by lowering the well-height. When the well-height is as small as [Formula: see text] meV, the spin depahsing times in the InSb, InAs, and GaAs quantum dots are decreased to [Formula: see text] μs, 18 μs, and 9 ms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li R, Liu ZH, Wu Y, Liu CS. The impacts of the quantum-dot confining potential on the spin-orbit effect. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7400. [PMID: 29743523 PMCID: PMC5943540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For a nanowire quantum dot with the confining potential modeled by both the infinite and the finite square wells, we obtain exactly the energy spectrum and the wave functions in the strong spin-orbit coupling regime. We find that regardless of how small the well height is, there are at least two bound states in the finite square well: one has the σ x [Formula: see text] = -1 symmetry and the other has the σ x [Formula: see text] = 1 symmetry. When the well height is slowly tuned from large to small, the position of the maximal probability density of the first excited state moves from the center to x ≠ 0, while the position of the maximal probability density of the ground state is always at the center. A strong enhancement of the spin-orbit effect is demonstrated by tuning the well height. In particular, there exists a critical height [Formula: see text], at which the spin-orbit effect is enhanced to maximal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China. .,Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhi-Hai Liu
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - C S Liu
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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15
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Lu MW, Chen SY, Zhang GL, Huang XH. Calculations of spin-polarized Goos-Hänchen displacement in magnetically confined GaAs/Al x Ga 1-x As nanostructure modulated by spin-orbit couplings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:145302. [PMID: 29460849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab0b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate Goos-Hänchen (GH) displacement by modelling the spin transport in an archetypal device structure-a magnetically confined GaAs/Al x Ga1-x As nanostructure modulated by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Both Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs are taken into account. The degree of spin-polarized GH displacement can be tuned by Rashba or Dresselhaus SOC, i.e. interfacial confining electric field or strain engineering. Based on such a semiconductor nanostructure, a controllable spatial spin splitter can be proposed for spintronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Wang Lu
- College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu ZH, Li R, Hu X, You JQ. Spin-orbit coupling and electric-dipole spin resonance in a nanowire double quantum dot. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2302. [PMID: 29396539 PMCID: PMC5797113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the electric-dipole transitions for a single electron in a double quantum dot located in a semiconductor nanowire. Enabled by spin-orbit coupling (SOC), electric-dipole spin resonance (EDSR) for such an electron can be generated via two mechanisms: the SOC-induced intradot pseudospin states mixing and the interdot spin-flipped tunneling. The EDSR frequency and strength are determined by these mechanisms together. For both mechanisms the electric-dipole transition rates are strongly dependent on the external magnetic field. Their competition can be revealed by increasing the magnetic field and/or the interdot distance for the double dot. To clarify whether the strong SOC significantly impact the electron state coherence, we also calculate relaxations from excited levels via phonon emission. We show that spin-flip relaxations can be effectively suppressed by the phonon bottleneck effect even at relatively low magnetic fields because of the very large g-factor of strong SOC materials such as InSb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai Liu
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Li
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York, 14260-1500, USA.
| | - J Q You
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
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17
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Khoo JY, Morpurgo AF, Levitov L. On-Demand Spin-Orbit Interaction from Which-Layer Tunability in Bilayer Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7003-7008. [PMID: 29058917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) that is gate-tunable over a broad range is essential to exploiting novel spin phenomena. Achieving this regime has remained elusive because of the weakness of the underlying relativistic coupling and lack of its tunability in solids. Here we outline a general strategy that enables exceptionally high tunability of SOI through creating a which-layer spin-orbit field inhomogeneity in graphene multilayers. An external transverse electric field is applied to shift carriers between the layers with strong and weak SOI. Because graphene layers are separated by subnanometer scales, exceptionally high tunability of SOI can be achieved through a minute carrier displacement. A detailed analysis of the experimentally relevant case of bilayer graphene on a semiconducting transition metal dichalchogenide substrate is presented. In this system, a complete tunability of SOI amounting to its ON/OFF switching can be achieved. New opportunities for spin control are exemplified with electrically driven spin resonance and topological phases with different quantized intrinsic valley Hall conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Khoo
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberto F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics (DQMP) and Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Levitov
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Osika EN, Chacón A, Lewenstein M, Szafran B. Spin-valley dynamics of electrically driven ambipolar carbon-nanotube quantum dots. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:285301. [PMID: 28594639 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An ambipolar n-p double quantum dot defined by potential variation along a semiconducting carbon-nanotube is considered. We focus on the (1e,1h) charge configuration with a single excess electron of the conduction band confined in the n-type dot and a single missing electron in the valence band state of the p-type dot for which lifting of the Pauli blockade of the current was observed in the electric-dipole spin resonance (Laird et al 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 565). The dynamics of the system driven by periodic electric field is studied with the Floquet theory and the time-dependent configuration interaction method with the single-electron spin-valley-orbitals determined for atomistic tight-binding Hamiltonian. We find that the transitions lifting the Pauli blockade are strongly influenced by coupling to a vacuum state with an empty n dot and a fully filled p dot. The coupling shifts the transition energies and strongly modifies the effective g factors for axial magnetic field. The coupling is modulated by the bias between the dots but it appears effective for surprisingly large energy splitting between the (1e,1h) ground state and the vacuum (0e, 0h) state. Multiphoton transitions and high harmonic generation effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Osika
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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19
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Fan J, Chen Y, Chen G, Xiao L, Jia S, Nori F. Electric-field-induced interferometric resonance of a one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled electron. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38851. [PMID: 27966598 PMCID: PMC5155278 DOI: 10.1038/srep38851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient control of electron spins is of crucial importance for spintronics, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing. We theoretically formulate an electric mechanism to probe the electron spin dynamics, by focusing on a one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled nanowire quantum dot. Owing to the existence of spin-orbit coupling and a pulsed electric field, different spin-orbit states are shown to interfere with each other, generating intriguing interference-resonant patterns. We also reveal that an in-plane magnetic field does not affect the interval of any neighboring resonant peaks, but contributes a weak shift of each peak, which is sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field. We find that this proposed external-field-controlled scheme should be regarded as a new type of quantum-dot-based interferometry. This interferometry has potential applications in precise measurements of relevant experimental parameters, such as the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit-coupling strengths, as well as the Landé factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yuansen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opt-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Franco Nori
- CEMS, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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20
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Sapkota KR, Chen W, Maloney FS, Poudyal U, Wang W. Magnetoresistance manipulation and sign reversal in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35036. [PMID: 27739442 PMCID: PMC5064367 DOI: 10.1038/srep35036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report magnetoresistance (MR) manipulation and sign reversal induced by carrier concentration modulation in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires. At low temperatures positive magnetoresistance was initially observed. When the carrier concentration was increased through the application of a gate voltage, the magnetoresistance also increased and reached a maximum value. However, further increasing the carrier concentration caused the MR to decrease, and eventually an MR sign reversal from positive to negative was observed. An MR change from a maximum positive value of 25% to a minimum negative value of 7% was observed at 5 K and 50 KOe. The observed MR behavior was modeled by considering combined effects of quantum correction to carrier conductivity and bound magnetic polarons. This work could provide important insights into the mechanisms that govern magnetotransport in dilute magnetic oxides, and it also demonstrated an effective approach to manipulating magnetoresistance in these materials that have important spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab R. Sapkota
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, USA
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, USA
| | - F. Scott Maloney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, USA
| | - Uma Poudyal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, USA
| | - Wenyong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, USA
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21
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Jing J, Hu X. Scaling of decoherence for a system of uncoupled spin qubits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17013. [PMID: 26593876 PMCID: PMC4655326 DOI: 10.1038/srep17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant experimental progresses in recent years have generated continued interest in quantum computation. A practical quantum computer would employ thousands if not millions of coherent qubits, and maintaining coherence in such a large system would be imperative for its utility. As an attempt at understanding the quantum coherence of multiple qubits, here we study decoherence of a multi-spin-qubit state under the influence of hyperfine interaction, and clearly demonstrate that the state structure is crucial to the scaling behavior of n-spin decoherence. Specifically, we find that coherence times of a multi-spin state at most scale with the number of qubits n as , while some states with higher symmetries have scale-free coherence with respect to n. Statistically, convergence to these scaling behavior is generally determined by the size of the Hilbert space m, which is usually much larger than n (up to an exponential function of n), so that convergence rate is very fast as we increase the number of qubits. Our results can be extended to other decoherence mechanisms, including in the presence of dynamical decoupling, which allow meaningful discussions on the scalability of spin-based quantum coherent technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jing
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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22
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Čadež T, Jefferson JH, Ramšak A. Exact nonadiabatic holonomic transformations of spin-orbit qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:150402. [PMID: 24785014 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.150402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An exact analytical solution is derived for the wave function of an electron in a one-dimensional moving quantum dot in a nanowire, in the presence of time-dependent spin-orbit coupling. For cyclic evolutions we show that the spin of the electron is rotated by an angle proportional to the area of a closed loop in the parameter space of the time-dependent quantum dot position and the amplitude of a fictitious classical oscillator driven by time-dependent spin-orbit coupling. By appropriate choice of parameters, we show that the spin may be rotated by an arbitrary angle on the Bloch sphere. Exact expressions for dynamical and geometrical phases are also derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Čadež
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J H Jefferson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - A Ramšak
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Li R, You JQ, Sun CP, Nori F. Controlling a nanowire spin-orbit qubit via electric-dipole spin resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:086805. [PMID: 24010464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.086805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A semiconductor nanowire quantum dot with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can be used to achieve a spin-orbit qubit. In contrast to a spin qubit, the spin-orbit qubit can respond to an external ac electric field, an effect called electric-dipole spin resonance. Here we develop a theory that can apply in the strong SOC regime. We find that there is an optimal SOC strength η(opt)=√2/2, where the Rabi frequency induced by the ac electric field becomes maximal. Also, we show that both the level spacing and the Rabi frequency of the spin-orbit qubit have periodic responses to the direction of the external static magnetic field. These responses can be used to determine the SOC in the nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China and Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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24
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Jin J, Tu MWY, Wang NE, Zhang WM. Precision control of charge coherence in parallel double dot systems through spin-orbit interaction. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:064706. [PMID: 23947879 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In terms of the exact quantum master equation solution for open electronic systems, the coherent dynamics of two charge states described by two parallel quantum dots with one fully polarized electron on either dot is investigated in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. We demonstrate that the double dot system can stay in a dynamically decoherence free space. The coherence between two double dot charge states can be precisely manipulated through a spin-orbit coupling. The effects of the temperature, the finite bandwidth of lead, and the energy deviations during the coherence manipulation are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuang Jin
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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25
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Srinivasa V, Nowack KC, Shafiei M, Vandersypen LMK, Taylor JM. Simultaneous spin-charge relaxation in double quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:196803. [PMID: 23705734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.196803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate phonon-induced spin and charge relaxation mediated by spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions for a single electron confined within a double quantum dot. A simple toy model incorporating both direct decay to the ground state of the double dot and indirect decay via an intermediate excited state yields an electron spin relaxation rate that varies nonmonotonically with the detuning between the dots. We confirm this model with experiments performed on a GaAs double dot, demonstrating that the relaxation rate exhibits the expected detuning dependence and can be electrically tuned over several orders of magnitude. Our analysis suggests that spin-orbit mediated relaxation via phonons serves as the dominant mechanism through which the double-dot electron spin-flip rate varies with detuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Srinivasa
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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26
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van den Berg JWG, Nadj-Perge S, Pribiag VS, Plissard SR, Bakkers EPAM, Frolov SM, Kouwenhoven LP. Fast spin-orbit qubit in an indium antimonide nanowire. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:066806. [PMID: 23432291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.066806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Because of the strong spin-orbit interaction in indium antimonide, orbital motion and spin are no longer separated. This enables fast manipulation of qubit states by means of microwave electric fields. We report Rabi oscillation frequencies exceeding 100 MHz for spin-orbit qubits in InSb nanowires. Individual qubits can be selectively addressed due to intrinsic differences in their g factors. Based on Ramsey fringe measurements, we extract a coherence time T(2)(*)=8±1 ns at a driving frequency of 18.65 GHz. Applying a Hahn echo sequence extends this coherence time to 34 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W G van den Berg
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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27
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Ban Y, Chen X, Sherman EY, Muga JG. Fast and robust spin manipulation in a quantum dot by electric fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:206602. [PMID: 23215514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.206602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We apply an invariant-based inverse engineering method to control, by time-dependent electric fields, the spin dynamics in a quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling in a weak magnetic field. The designed electric fields provide a shortcut to adiabatic processes that flip the spin rapidly, thus avoiding decoherence effects. This approach, being robust with respect to the device-dependent noise, can open new possibilities for spin-based quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ban
- Departamento de Química-Física, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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28
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Ibañez-Azpiroz J, Eiguren A, Sherman EY, Bergara A. Spin-flip transitions induced by time-dependent electric fields in surfaces with strong spin-orbit interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:156401. [PMID: 23102342 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.156401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the light absorption rate at a Pb/Ge(111)-β√3 × √3R30° surface with strong spin-orbit coupling. Our calculations show that electron spin-flip transitions cause as much as 6% of the total light absorption, representing 1 order of magnitude enhancement over Rashba-like systems. Thus, we demonstrate that a substantial part of the light irradiating this nominally nonmagnetic surface is attenuated in spin-flip processes. Remarkably, the spin-flip transition probability is structured in well-defined hot spots within the Brillouin zone, where the electron spin experiences a sudden 90° rotation. This mechanism offers the possibility of an experimental approach to the spin-orbit phenomena by optical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Ibañez-Azpiroz
- Materia Kondentsatuaren Fisika Saila, University of Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Euskal Herria, Spain
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29
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Höpfner P, Schäfer J, Fleszar A, Dil JH, Slomski B, Meier F, Loho C, Blumenstein C, Patthey L, Hanke W, Claessen R. Three-dimensional spin rotations at the Fermi surface of a strongly spin-orbit coupled surface system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:186801. [PMID: 22681100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.186801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The spin texture of the metallic two-dimensional electron system (sqrt[3]×sqrt[3])-Au/Ge(111) is revealed by fully three-dimensional spin-resolved photoemission, as well as by density functional calculations. The large hexagonal Fermi surface, generated by the Au atoms, shows a significant splitting due to spin-orbit interactions. The planar components of the spin exhibit a helical character, accompanied by a strong out-of-plane spin component with alternating signs along the six Fermi surface sections. Moreover, in-plane spin rotations toward a radial direction are observed close to the hexagon corners. Such a threefold-symmetric spin pattern is not described by the conventional Rashba model. Instead, it reveals an interplay with Dresselhaus-like spin-orbit effects as a result of the crystalline anisotropies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Höpfner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Kanai Y, Deacon RS, Takahashi S, Oiwa A, Yoshida K, Shibata K, Hirakawa K, Tokura Y, Tarucha S. Electrically tuned spin-orbit interaction in an InAs self-assembled quantum dot. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:511-516. [PMID: 21785428 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrical control over electron spin is a prerequisite for spintronics spin-based quantum information processing. In particular, control over the interaction between the orbital motion and the spin state of electrons would be valuable, because this interaction influences spin relaxation and dephasing. Electric fields have been used to tune the strength of the spin-orbit interaction in two-dimensional electron gases, but not, so far, in quantum dots. Here, we demonstrate that electrical gating can be used to vary the energy of the spin-orbit interaction in the range 50-150 µeV while maintaining the electron occupation of a single self-assembled InAs quantum dot. We determine the spin-orbit interaction energy by observing the splitting of Kondo effect features at high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanai
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656, Japan
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31
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Khomitsky D, Sherman E. Pumped double quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:212. [PMID: 21711716 PMCID: PMC3211269 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study driven by an external electric field quantum orbital and spin dynamics of electron in a one-dimensional double quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling. Two types of external perturbation are considered: a periodic field at the Zeeman frequency and a single half-period pulse. Spin-orbit coupling leads to a nontrivial evolution in the spin and orbital channels and to a strongly spin- dependent probability density distribution. Both the interdot tunneling and the driven motion contribute into the spin evolution. These results can be important for the design of the spin manipulation schemes in semiconductor nanostructures.PACS numbers: 73.63.Kv,72.25.Dc,72.25.Pn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Khomitsky
- Department of Physics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene Sherman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
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32
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Nadj-Perge S, Frolov SM, Bakkers EPAM, Kouwenhoven LP. Spin–orbit qubit in a semiconductor nanowire. Nature 2010; 468:1084-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Takahashi S, Deacon RS, Yoshida K, Oiwa A, Shibata K, Hirakawa K, Tokura Y, Tarucha S. Large anisotropy of the spin-orbit interaction in a single InAs self-assembled quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:246801. [PMID: 20867321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.246801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropy of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is studied for a single uncapped InAs self-assembled quantum dot holding just a few electrons. The SOI energy is evaluated from anticrossing or SOI-induced hybridization between the ground and excited states with opposite spins. The magnetic angular dependence of the SOI energy falls on an absolute cosine function for azimuthal rotation, and a cosinelike function for tilting rotation. Furthermore, the SOI energy is quenched for a specific magnetic field vector. The angular dependence of SOI is found to compare well with calculation of Rashba SOI in a two-dimensional harmonic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and QPEC, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Zhang TY, Zhao W, Liu XM. Energy dispersion of the electrosubbands in parabolic confining quantum wires: interplay of Rashba, Dresselhaus, lateral spin-orbit interaction and the Zeeman effect. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:335501. [PMID: 21828607 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/33/335501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have made a thorough theoretical investigation of the interplay of spin-orbit interactions (SOIs) resulting from Rashba, Dresselhaus and the lateral parabolic confining potential on the energy dispersion relation of the spin subbands in a parabolic quantum wire. The influence of an applied external magnetic field is also discussed. We show the interplay of different types of SOI, as well as the Zeeman effect, leads to rather complex and intriguing electrosubbands for different spin branches. The effect of different coupling strengths and different magnetic field strengths is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
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35
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36
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De A, Pryor CE, Flatté ME. Electric-field control of a hydrogenic donor's spin in a semiconductor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:017603. [PMID: 19257242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.017603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An ac electric field applied to a single donor-bound electron in a semiconductor modulates the orbital character of its wave function, which affects the electron's spin dynamics via the spin-orbit interaction. Numerical calculations of the spin dynamics of a single hydrogenic donor (Si) embedded in GaAs, using a real-space multiband k.p formalism, show the high symmetry of the hydrogenic donor state results in strongly nonlinear dependences of the electronic g tensor on applied fields. A nontrivial consequence is that the most rapid Rabi oscillations occur for electric fields modulated at a subharmonic of the Larmor frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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37
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Lu Z, Zhu KD, Li JJ, Jiang YW. Phonon-induced decoherence of spin-orbit-driven coherent oscillations in a single InGaAs quantum dot. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:465207. [PMID: 21693847 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/46/465207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of direct spin-phonon interactions on spin-orbit-driven coherent oscillations in a single quantum dot proposed by Debald and Emary (2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 226803) is investigated theoretically in terms of the perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. It is shown that the decoherence rate induced by acoustic phonons strongly depends on the spin-orbit coupling strength, the magnetic field strength and the dot size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhien Lu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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38
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Olofsson J, Levin M, Strömberg A, Weber SG, Ryttsén F, Orwar O. Generation of focused electric field patterns at dielectric surfaces. Anal Chem 2007; 77:4667-72. [PMID: 16013887 PMCID: PMC1482473 DOI: 10.1021/ac0502302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We here report on a concept for creating well-defined electric field gradients between the boundaries of capillary electrode (a capillary of a nonconducting material equipped with an interior metal electrode) outlets, and dielectric surfaces. By keeping a capillary electrode opening close to a boundary between a conducting solution and a nonconducting medium, a high electric field can be created close to the interface by field focusing effects. By varying the inner and outer diameters of the capillary, the span of electric field strengths and the field gradient obtained can be controlled, and by varying the slit height between the capillary rim and the surface, or the applied current, the average field strength and gradient can be varied. Field focusing effects and generation of electric field patterns were analyzed using finite element method simulations. We experimentally verified the method by electroporation of a fluorescent dye (fluorescein diphosphate) into adherent, monolayered cells (PC-12 and WSS-1) and obtained a pattern of fluorescent cells corresponding to the focused electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Owe Orwar
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Flindt C, Sørensen AS, Flensberg K. Spin-orbit mediated control of spin qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:240501. [PMID: 17280261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.240501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose to use the spin-orbit interaction as a means to control electron spins in quantum dots, enabling both single-qubit and two-qubit operations. Very fast single-qubit operations may be achieved by temporarily displacing the electrons. For two-qubit operations the coupling mechanism is based on a combination of the spin-orbit coupling and the mutual long-ranged Coulomb interaction. Compared to existing schemes using the exchange coupling, the spin-orbit induced coupling is less sensitive to random electrical fluctuations in the electrodes defining the quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Flindt
- Niels Bohr Institute, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Tokura Y, van der Wiel WG, Obata T, Tarucha S. Coherent single electron spin control in a slanting Zeeman field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:047202. [PMID: 16486882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.047202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We consider a single electron in a 1D quantum dot with a static slanting Zeeman field. By combining the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of the electron, an effective quantum two-level (qubit) system is defined. This pseudospin can be coherently manipulated by the voltage applied to the gate electrodes, without the need for an external time-dependent magnetic field or spin-orbit coupling. Single-qubit rotations and the controlled-NOT operation can be realized. We estimated the relaxation (T1) and coherence (T2) times and the (tunable) quality factor. This scheme implies important experimental advantages for single electron spin control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tokura
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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41
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Calero C, Chudnovsky EM, Garanin DA. Field dependence of the electron spin relaxation in quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:166603. [PMID: 16241827 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.166603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the electron spin with local elastic twists due to transverse phonons is studied. The universal dependence of the spin-relaxation rate on the strength and direction of the magnetic field is obtained in terms of the electron gyromagnetic tensor and macroscopic elastic constants of the solid. The theory contains no unknown parameters and it can be easily tested in experiment. At high magnetic field it provides a parameter-free lower bound on the electron spin relaxation in quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, 10468-1589, USA
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42
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Debald S, Emary C. Spin-orbit-driven coherent oscillations in a few-electron quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:226803. [PMID: 16090425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.226803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experiment to observe coherent oscillations in a single quantum dot with the oscillations driven by spin-orbit interaction. This is achieved without spin-polarized leads, and relies on changing the strength of the spin-orbit coupling via an applied gate pulse. We derive an effective model of this system which is formally equivalent to the Jaynes-Cummings model of quantum optics. For parameters relevant to an InGaAs dot, we calculate a Rabi frequency of 2 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Debald
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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Könemann J, Haug RJ, Maude DK, Fal'ko VI, Altshuler BL. Spin-orbit coupling and anisotropy of spin splitting in quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:226404. [PMID: 16090418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.226404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In lateral quantum dots, the combined effect of both Dresselhaus and Bychkov-Rashba spin-orbit coupling is equivalent to an effective magnetic field +/- B(SO) which has the opposite sign for s(z)= +/- 1/2 spin electrons. When the external magnetic field is perpendicular to the planar structure, the field B(SO) generates an additional splitting for electron states as compared to the spin splitting in the in-plane field orientation. The anisotropy of spin splitting has been measured and then analyzed in terms of spin-orbit coupling in several AlGaAs/GaAs quantum dots by means of resonant tunneling spectroscopy. From the measured values and sign of the anisotropy we are able to determine the dominating spin-orbit coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Könemann
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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45
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Serebrennikov YA. Geometric origin of Elliott spin decoherence in metals and semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:266601. [PMID: 15698000 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.266601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the Elliott spin-decoherence mechanism in nonmagnetic metals and semiconductors arises from the random acquisition of geometric phases and represents a special case of a more general situation-relaxation of the pseudo-spin-1/2 induced by stochastic gauge fields. The geometric approach gave an opportunity to apply Elliott's ideas for a wide range of systems and system parameters.
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46
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Chico L, López-Sancho MP, Muñoz MC. Spin splitting induced by spin-orbit interaction in chiral nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:176402. [PMID: 15525094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.176402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that chiral tubes present spin splitting at the Fermi level in the absence of a magnetic field, whereas achiral tubes preserve spin degeneracy, as evidenced by tight-binding electronic structure calculations with the inclusion of spin-orbit interaction. These remarkably different behaviors of chiral and nonchiral nanotubes have a symmetry origin, which may provide a global explanation to recently reported spin-dependent transport experiments which were in apparent contradiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chico
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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47
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Kato Y, Myers RC, Gossard AC, Awschalom DD. Coherent spin manipulation without magnetic fields in strained semiconductors. Nature 2004; 427:50-3. [PMID: 14702080 DOI: 10.1038/nature02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 11/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A consequence of relativity is that in the presence of an electric field, the spin and momentum states of an electron can be coupled; this is known as spin-orbit coupling. Such an interaction opens a pathway to the manipulation of electron spins within non-magnetic semiconductors, in the absence of applied magnetic fields. This interaction has implications for spin-based quantum information processing and spintronics, forming the basis of various device proposals. For example, the concept of spin field-effect transistors is based on spin precession due to the spin-orbit coupling. Most studies, however, focus on non-spin-selective electrical measurements in quantum structures. Here we report the direct measurement of coherent electron spin precession in zero magnetic field as the electrons drift in response to an applied electric field. We use ultrafast optical techniques to spatiotemporally resolve spin dynamics in strained gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide epitaxial layers. Unexpectedly, we observe spin splitting in these simple structures arising from strain in the semiconductor films. The observed effect provides a flexible approach for enabling electrical control over electron spins using strain engineering. Moreover, we exploit this strain-induced field to electrically drive spin resonance with Rabi frequencies of up to approximately 30 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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