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Barazetti AR, Dealis ML, Basso KR, Silva MCD, Alves LDC, Parra MEA, Simionato AS, Cely MVT, Macedo AL, Silva DB, Andrade G. Evaluation of Resistance Induction Promoted by Bioactive Compounds of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV Strain against Asian Soybean Rust. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1576. [PMID: 39203418 PMCID: PMC11355946 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas are known as higher producers of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties and plant growth promoters, including resistance induction. These mechanisms should be an alternative to pesticide use in crop production. Phakopsora pachyrhizi causes Asian soybean rust, representing a high loss of yield around the world. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the application of secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain from the semi-purified fraction F4A in soybean plants to induce plant resistance against P. pachyrhizi in field conditions. The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks with three replicates using two F4A doses (1 and 10 μg mL-1) combined or not with fungicides (Unizeb Gold® or Sphere Max®). The control treatment, with Uni + Sph, saponins, flavonoids, and sphingolipids, showed higher intensities in the plants. In contrast, plants treated with the F4A fraction mainly exhibited fatty acid derivatives and some non-identified compounds with nitrogen. Plants treated with Sphere Max®, with or without F4A10, showed higher intensities of glycosylated flavonoids, such as kaempferol, luteolin, narigenin, and apigenin. Plants treated with F4A showed higher intensities of genistein and fatty acid derivatives. These increases in flavonoid compound biosynthesis and antioxidant properties probably contribute to the protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- André Riedi Barazetti
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Mickely Liuti Dealis
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Kawany Roque Basso
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Maria Clara Davis Silva
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Leonardo da Cruz Alves
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Maria Eugênia Alcântara Parra
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Ane Stéfano Simionato
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Martha Viviana Torres Cely
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil;
| | - Arthur Ladeira Macedo
- Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LaPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (A.L.M.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LaPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (A.L.M.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Galdino Andrade
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.C.D.S.); (L.d.C.A.); (M.E.A.P.); (A.S.S.)
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Xiang S, Zhang X, Cao Z, Peng S, Xu J, Huang Q, Huang J, Xu C, Sun X. Comparing the antibacterial activity of chitin nanocrystals with chitin: exploring the feasibility of chitin nanocrystals as novel pesticide nanocarriers in agriculture. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1076-1086. [PMID: 37847147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, nanomaterials-based pesticide carriers have garnered significant attention and sparked extensive research. However, most studies have primarily focused on investigating the impact of physical properties of nanomaterials, such as size and modifiable sites, on drug delivery efficiency of nano-pesticides. The limited exploration of biologically active nanomaterials poses a significant obstacle to the advancement and widespread adoption of nano-pesticides. In this study, we prepared chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) based on acid hydrolysis and systematically investigated the differences between nano- and normal chitin against plant bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). The primary objective was to seek out nanocarriers with heightened biological activity for the synthesis of nano-pesticides. RESULTS Zeta potential analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified the successful synthesis of ChNC. ChNC showcased remarkable bactericidal activity at comparable concentrations, surpassing that of chitin, particularly in its ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Furthermore, ChNC displayed heightened effectiveness in disrupting bacterial cell membranes, resulting in the leakage of bacterial cell contents, structural DNA damage, and impairment of DNA replication. Lastly, potting experiments revealed that ChNC is notably more effective in inhibiting the spread and propagation of bacteria on plant leaves. CONCLUSION ChNC exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to chitin, enabling efficient control of plant bacterial diseases through enhanced interaction with bacteria. These findings offer compelling evidence of ChNC's superior bacterial inhibition capabilities, underscoring its potential as a promising nanocarrier for nano-pesticide research. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyun Xu
- Energy College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Qianqiao Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Chongqing Shizhu Branch, China National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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An YQ, Bi BS, Xu H, Ma DJ, Xi Z. Co-application of Brassinolide and Pyraclostrobin Improved Disease Control Efficacy by Eliciting Plant Innate Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:916-932. [PMID: 38115548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Applying brassinolide (BL, a phytohormone) in combination with pyraclostrobin (Pyr, a fungicide) has shown effective disease control in field trials. However, the mechanism by which BL + Pyr control disease remains uncertain. This work compared the disease control and defense responses of three pretreatments (BL, Pyr, and BL + Pyr) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that BL + Pyr improved control against Pyr-sensitive Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Botrytis cinerea by 19 and 17% over Pyr, respectively, and achieved 29% control against Pyr-resistant B. cinerea. Furthermore, BL + Pyr outperformed BL or Pyr in boosting transient H2O2 accumulation, and the activities of POD, APX, GST, and GPX. RNA-seq analysis revealed a more potent activation of defense genes elicited by BL + Pyr than by BL or Pyr. Overall, BL + Pyr controlled disease by integrating the elicitation of plant innate disease resistance with the fungicidal activity of Pyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Shi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Pulavarty A, Singh A, Young K, Horgan K, Kakouli-Duarte T. Investigating the Effects of Alltech Crop Science (ACS) Products on Plant Defence against Root-Knot Nematode Infestation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1700. [PMID: 37512873 PMCID: PMC10383655 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two formulations of Alltech Crop Science products (ACS), a proprietary blend of fermentation products and plant extracts with micronutrients (ACS5075), and a microbial based product (ACS3048), were tested to understand (1) their impact on the tomato plant immune response and (2) whether they are priming a resistance response in plants against root knot nematodes (RKN). Research findings reported previously indicate that tomato plants pre-treated with ACS5075 and ACS3048 were found less sensitive to Meloidogyne javanica infection. In the current study, the expression of six defence-related genes (PR-1, PR-3, PR-5T, ACO, CAT and JERF 3), relative to a housekeeping gene, were monitored via RT-PCR. Results suggest that the treatment with ACS5075 enhanced ACO and PR-1 gene expression levels, both post- treatment and post-infection with M. javanica. Reduced M. javanica infestation that was reported in the previous study could be attributed to the increased expression of these genes in the ACS5075-treated plants. Tomato plants treated with ACS3048, but without RKN infection, also demonstrated higher levels of ACO and PR-1 gene expression. Subsequently, 2D-gel electrophoresis was performed to study the differential protein expression in leaf tissues of treated tomato plants in an effort to elucidate a possible mechanism of action for these products. Protein spot 1 was identified as 'disease resistance protein RPP13-like', protein spot 2 as 'phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 2', spot 3 as 'protein SABRE like' and protein spot 4 as 'uncharacterized protein'. Overall research findings indicate that the ACS products could be used as plant immunity-boosting agents, as they play a significant role in the expression of certain genes and proteins associated with plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Pulavarty
- Molecular Ecology and Nematode Research Group, Department of Applied Science, enviroCORE, Kilkenny Road Campus, South East Technological University (SETU), R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland
| | - Ankit Singh
- Molecular Ecology and Nematode Research Group, Department of Applied Science, enviroCORE, Kilkenny Road Campus, South East Technological University (SETU), R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland
| | - Kira Young
- Molecular Ecology and Nematode Research Group, Department of Applied Science, enviroCORE, Kilkenny Road Campus, South East Technological University (SETU), R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland
| | - Karina Horgan
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland
| | - Thomais Kakouli-Duarte
- Molecular Ecology and Nematode Research Group, Department of Applied Science, enviroCORE, Kilkenny Road Campus, South East Technological University (SETU), R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland
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Ji F, Zhang J, Chen X, Liu B, Zhou A, Feng Y, Zhao J, Huang L, Kang Z, Zhan G. Effects of Flubeneteram on Inhibiting the Development of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Wheat Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5162-5171. [PMID: 36946748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a serious threat to wheat production, and the application of fungicides is one of the most important means for controlling the disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, flubeneteram, on reducing stripe rust. The baseline sensitivity of 173 Pst isolates from 13 provinces of China to flubeneteram was determined. Flubeneteram displayed significant effects on inhibiting SDH enzymes of Pst. Histological observations showed that after flubeneteram application, the formation and development of Pst hyphae and haustoria were significantly inhibited, and the structures were destroyed. Flubeneteram primed wheat for salicylic acid-induced defenses via upregulating pathogenesis-related genes (PR1 and PR2). Altogether, our study is the first to provide evidence that flubeneteram induces wheat defense against Pst infection. The findings indicate that flubeneteram could be an effective fungicide for managing stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Juntian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xianming Chen
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, United States
| | - Bofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Gangming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
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Maryška L, Jindřichová B, Siegel J, Záruba K, Burketová L. Impact of palladium nanoparticles on plant and its fungal pathogen. A case study: Brassica napus-Plenodomus lingam. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad004. [PMID: 36970187 PMCID: PMC10037078 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The technological exploitation of palladium or palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) is increasing, and their wider usage relates to an unwanted release of pollutants into the environment, raising public health concerns about the infiltration of palladium into the consumption chain. This study focuses on the effect of spherical gold-cored PdNPs of 50 ± 10 nm diameter stabilized by sodium citrate on the interaction between an oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and the fungal pathogen Plenodomus lingam. Pretreatment of B. napus cotyledons with PdNPs suspension 24 h before but not 24 h after inoculation with P. lingam resulted in a decrease in the extent of disease symptoms; however, this effect was caused by Pd2+ ions (35 mg l-1 or 70 mg l-1). Tests to determine any direct antifungal activity on P. lingam in vitro demonstrated that the residual Pd2+ ions present in the PdNP suspension were responsible for the antifungal activity and that PdNPs themselves do not contribute to this effect. Brassica napus plants did not show any symptoms of palladium toxicity in any form. PdNPs/Pd2+ slightly increased the chlorophyll content and the transcription of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1), indicating the activation of the plant defence system. We conclude that the only toxic effect of the PdNP suspension was on P. lingam via ions and that PdNPs/Pd2+ did not have any deleterious effect on the B. napus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Maryška
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Prague 6 – Lysolaje, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jindřichová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Prague 6 – Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Siegel
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Záruba
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
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Neupane K, Ghimire B, Baysal-Gurel F. Efficacy and Timing of Application of Fungicides, Biofungicides, Host-Plant Defense Inducers, and Fertilizer to Control Phytophthora Root Rot of Flowering Dogwood in Simulated Flooding Conditions in Container Production. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3109-3119. [PMID: 35596248 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-22-0437-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is one of the major diseases of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). The severity of root rot disease increases when the plants are exposed to flooding conditions. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy and timing of application of different fungicides, biofungicides, host-plant defense inducers, and fertilizer to manage Phytophthora root rot in month-old seedlings in simulated flooding events for 1, 3, and 7 days. Preventative treatments were drench applied 3 weeks and 1 week before flooding whereas curative treatments were applied 24 h after flooding. Dogwood seedlings were inoculated with P. cinnamomi 3 days before the flooding. Plant height and width were recorded at the beginning and end of the study. At the end of the study, plant total weight and root weight were recorded and disease severity in the root was assessed using a scale of 0 to 100%. Root samples were plated using PARPH-V8 medium to determine the percent recovery of the pathogen. Empress Intrinsic, Pageant Intrinsic, Segovis, and Subdue MAXX, as preventative and curative applications, were able to suppress the disease severity compared with the inoculated control in all flooding durations. All treatments, with the exception of Stargus as a preventative application 3 weeks before flooding and Orkestra Intrinsic as a curative application, were able to suppress the disease severity compared with the inoculated control for a 1-day flooding event. Aliette and ON-Gard were effective in the first trial when applied preventatively at both 1 week and 3 weeks before flooding but not in the second trial. Signature Xtra was effective as a preventative application but not as a curative application. Interface was effective as a curative application but not as a preventative application. The findings of this study will help nursery growers to understand the performance of fungicides, biofungicides, host-plant defense inducers, and fertilizer at different time intervals and repeated applications to manage Phytophthora root rot in flooding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Neupane
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
| | - Bhawana Ghimire
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
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Mesara SN, Dave KP, Subramanian RB. Comparative transcriptome analysis elucidates positive physiological effects of foliar application of pyraclostrobin on tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:971-986. [PMID: 35722521 PMCID: PMC9203623 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins, including pyraclostrobin have frequently been reported showing positive physiological effects in various agricultural crops apart from fungicidal activity. Present study elucidates comparative transcriptome analysis of control and pyraclostrobin treated tomato leaf and identifies metabolic pathways and key genes responsible for positive effects of pyraclostrobin on tomato. Pair-end raw reads, generated by Illumina Hi-seq platform were pre-processed and good quality reads were mapped onto tomato reference genome using HISAT2 alignment programme. Transcript assembly and quantification were performed using StringTie assembler. Differential Gene Expression analysis by DESeq2 identified 1,952 upregulated genes including genes encoding pathogenesis related proteins and 835 downregulated genes. RT-PCR study showed increase in expression of RBCs (2.5-fold), GA20o (3-fold), and NR (1.4-fold) genes, which are the key genes of photosynthesis, gibberellic acid synthesis, and nitrogen assimilation pathways respectively identified in KEGG pathway analysis. Pyraclostrobin treated plants showed 1.6-folds increase in plant height, 3.3-folds increase in number of leaves, and 2.8-folds increase in number of flowers. Total protein content increased 1.7, 1.4, 1.2, 1.2, and 1.4 folds at 1 day after application (DAA), 4DAA, 7DAA, 10DAA, and 13DAA respectively in treated plants. Moreover, content of phenol also increased 1.14, 1.5, 2.4, and 1.5 folds in 4DAA, 7DAA, 10DAA, and 13DAA respectively. Nitrate reductase activity increased 2-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.5-fold and 1.15-fold in 1DAA, 7DAA, 10DAA and 13DAA respectively. Carbohydrate decreased in treated plants up to 7DAA. The present study is the first report of transcriptome analysis elucidating positive physiological effects of strobilurin on plant. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01191-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshkumar N. Mesara
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite campus, Bakrol-Vadtal road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat 388315 India
| | - Kirtan P. Dave
- Indukaka Ipcowala Centre of Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Technology–IICISST, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Ramalingam B. Subramanian
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite campus, Bakrol-Vadtal road, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat 388315 India
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Schmitt F, Babylon L, Dieter F, Eckert GP. Effects of Pesticides on Longevity and Bioenergetics in Invertebrates-The Impact of Polyphenolic Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413478. [PMID: 34948274 PMCID: PMC8707434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmentally hazardous substances such as pesticides are gaining increasing interest in agricultural and nutritional research. This study aims to investigate the impact of these compounds on the healthspan and mitochondrial functions in an invertebrate in vivo model and in vitro in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and to investigate the potential of polyphenolic metabolites to compensate for potential impacts. Wild-type nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans, N2) were treated with pesticides such as pyraclostrobin (Pyr), glyphosate (Gly), or fluopyram (Fluo). The lifespans of the nematodes under heat stress conditions (37 °C) were determined, and the chemotaxis was assayed. Energetic metabolites, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate, and pyruvate, were analyzed in lysates of nematodes and cells. Genetic expression patterns of several genes associated with lifespan determination and mitochondrial parameters were assessed via qRT-PCR. After incubation with environmentally hazardous substances, nematodes were incubated with a pre-fermented polyphenol mixture (Rechtsregulat®Bio, RR) or protocatechuic acid (PCA) to determine heat stress resistance. Treatment with Pyr, Glyph and Fluo leads to dose-dependently decreased heat stress resistance, which was significantly improved by RR and PCA. The chemotaxes of the nematodes were not affected by pesticides. ATP levels were not significantly altered by the pesticides, except for Pyr, which increased ATP levels after 48 h leads. The gene expression of healthspan and mitochondria-associated genes were diversely affected by the pesticides, while Pyr led to an overall decrease of mRNA levels. Over time, the treatment of nematodes leads to a recovery of the nematodes on the mitochondrial level but not on stress resistance on gene expression. Fermented extracts of fruits and vegetables and phenolic metabolites such as PCA seem to have the potential to recover the vitality of C. elegans after damage caused by pesticides.
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Yassin M, Ton J, Rolfe SA, Valentine TA, Cromey M, Holden N, Newton AC. The rise, fall and resurrection of chemical-induced resistance agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3900-3909. [PMID: 33729685 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery that the plant immune system could be augmented for improved deployment against biotic stressors through the exogenous application of chemicals that lead to induced resistance (IR), many such IR-eliciting agents have been identified. Initially it was hoped that these chemical IR agents would be a benign alternative to traditional chemical biocides. However, owing to low efficacy and/or a realization that their benefits sometimes come at the cost of growth and yield penalties, chemical IR agents fell out of favour and were seldom used as crop protection products. Despite the lack of interest in agricultural use, researchers have continued to explore the efficacy and mechanisms of chemical IR. Moreover, as we move away from the approach of 'zero tolerance' toward plant pests and pathogens toward integrated pest management, chemical IR agents could have a place in the plant protection product list. In this review, we chart the rise and fall of chemical IR agents, and then explore a variety of strategies used to improve their efficacy and remediate their negative adverse effects. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yassin
- Plant Production and Protection Institute and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Plant Production and Protection Institute and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen A Rolfe
- Plant Production and Protection Institute and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Matthew Cromey
- Department of Plant Health, Royal Horticultural Society, Woking, UK
| | - Nicola Holden
- Scotland's Rural Colleges, Craibstone Estate, Aberdeen, UK
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11
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Hao Z, Wang W, Yu B, Qi X, Lv Y, Liu X, Chen H, Kalinina TA, Glukhareva TV, Fan Z. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Fungicidal Activity of Novel
Pyrazole‐Containing
Strobilurin Derivatives
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Weibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - You Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haoyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Tatiana A. Kalinina
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin Yeltsin UrFU 620002 Ekaterinburg Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Glukhareva
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin Yeltsin UrFU 620002 Ekaterinburg Russia
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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12
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Li P, Sun P, Li D, Li D, Li B, Dong X. Evaluation of Pyraclostrobin as an Ingredient for Soybean Seed Treatment by Analyzing its Accumulation-Dissipation Kinetics, Plant-Growth Activation, and Protection Against Phytophthora sojae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11928-11938. [PMID: 33078613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed treatment with fungicides has been regarded as a principal, effective, and economic technique for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] against pathogenic microorganisms during seed germination and seedling growth. Investigation of the characteristics of seed-treatment reagents is an indispensable basis for their application. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the use of pyraclostrobin as an ingredient for soybean seed treatment by investigating its accumulation-dissipation kinetics in plants, plant-growth activation, and protection against Phytophthora sojae. The results showed that the pyraclostrobin stimulated the visible growth (root and shoot length) of soybean plants, increased the chlorophyll level and root activity, and lowered the malonaldehyde (MDA) level. The peak level and bioavailability of pyraclostrobin in soybean roots were 19.9- and 33.2-fold those in leaves, respectively, indicating that pyraclostrobin was mainly accumulated in roots. Pyraclostrobin had a continuous positive effect on the flavonoid levels and the phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity in roots and leaves, which could enhance the plant defense system. Pyraclostrobin showed in vitro toxicity to P. sojae with a half-inhibition concentration (EC50) of 1.59 and 1.24 μg/mL for pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin plus salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an inhibitor of the alternative pathway of respiration), respectively. Seed treatment with pyraclostrobin significantly reduced the severity of Phytophthora root rot, with a control efficacy of 60.7%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the characteristics of pyraclostrobin used in soybean seed treatment and its efficacy against Phytophthora root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingliang Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Pingyang Sun
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Delong Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Xiangli Dong
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
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13
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Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel β-Methoxyacrylate Derivatives Containing a Substituted Phenylpyridine Moiety. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Brown MS, Baysal-Gurel F, Oliver JB, Addesso KM. Comparative Performance of Fungicides, Biofungicides, and Host Plant Defense Inducers in Suppression of Phytophthora Root Rot in Flowering Dogwood During Simulated Root Flooding Events. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1703-1711. [PMID: 31106702 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1597-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During flooding events in nurseries, Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands often causes damage that leads to complete crop loss. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of fungicides, biofungicides, and host plant defense inducers for preventive and curative control of Phytophthora root rot on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) seedlings exposed to a simulated flood event of 1, 3, or 7 days. In two greenhouse trials, preventive (7 days before flooding) or curative (1 day after flooding) drench treatments were applied to dogwood seedlings artificially inoculated with P. cinnamomi. The plants were flooded by maintaining standing water for 1, 3, or 7 days. After the trials, plant growth data (total plant weight, root weight, plant height, and plant width) were recorded, and root systems were assessed for disease severity using a scale of 0 to 100% of roots affected, and subsamples were plated on PARPH-V8 medium to determine the percent recovery of the Phytophthora pathogen. Plants preventively treated with Subdue MAXX had reduced disease severity relative to the nontreated, inoculated plants (positive control) flooded 1, 3, or 7 days in both trials. Pageant Intrinsic and Segovis treatments also had lower disease severity than the positive control at all flooding durations in trial two, but not trial one. In trial one, preventive and curative treatments of Orkestra Intrinsic had reduced disease severity compared with the positive control at 1 and 3 days of flooding, whereas curative treatments of Empress Intrinsic and Tartan Stressgard also were effective at 1 and 3 days of flooding in trial one. The host plant defense inducers (Aliette 80 WDG, Signature Xtra, and Actigard) were inconsistent and ineffective at reducing disease severity when applied as preventive or curative treatments. Preventive treatments of the biofungicides RootShield Plus+ and MBI-110 had consistently lower disease severity than the positive control at 1 day of flooding but not 3 or 7 days of flooding. Potentially, growers can use information from this study to manage Phytophthora root rot during flooding or in areas of the nursery that often experience high soil moisture levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Brown
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Jason B Oliver
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
| | - Karla M Addesso
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
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15
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Gillmeister M, Ballert S, Raschke A, Geistlinger J, Kabrodt K, Baltruschat H, Deising HB, Schellenberg I. Polyphenols from Rheum Roots Inhibit Growth of Fungal and Oomycete Phytopathogens and Induce Plant Disease Resistance. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1674-1684. [PMID: 31095470 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-18-1168-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing world population requires an increase in the quality and quantity of food production. However, field losses due to biotic stresses are currently estimated to be between 10 and 20% worldwide. The risk of resistance and strict pesticide legislation necessitate innovative agronomical practices to adequately protect crops in the future, such as the identification of new substances with novel modes of action. In the present study, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to characterize Rheum rhabarbarum root extracts that were primarily composed of the stilbenes rhaponticin, desoxyrhaponticin, and resveratrol. Minor components were the flavonoids catechin, epicatechin gallate, and procyanidin B1. Specific polyphenolic mixtures inhibited mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Foliar spray applications with fractions containing stilbenes and flavonoids inhibited spore germination of powdery mildew in Hordeum vulgare with indications of synergistic interactions. Formulated extracts led to a significant reduction in the incidence of brown rust in Triticum aestivum under field conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana mutant and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies suggested that the stilbenes induce salicylic acid-mediated resistance. Thus, the identified substances of Rheum roots represent an excellent source of antifungal agents that can be used in horticulture and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Gillmeister
- 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ballert
- 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Anja Raschke
- 2 Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences - Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joerg Geistlinger
- 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kabrodt
- 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- 2 Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences - Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Schellenberg
- 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
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16
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Pan L, Lei D, Jin L, He Y, Yang Q. Promising Fungicides from Allelochemicals: Synthesis of Umbelliferone Derivatives and Their Structure⁻Activity Relationships. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113002. [PMID: 30453559 PMCID: PMC6278345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone was discovered to be an important allelochemical in our previous study, but the contribution of its activity and structure has not yet been revealed. In this study, a series of analogues were synthesized to determine the skeleton of umbelliferone and examine its fungicidal activity. Furthermore, targeted modifications were conducted with three plant parasitic fungi to examine the lead compounds. Among those tested, compounds 2f and 10 were found to show excellent antifungal activity with an inhibitory rate over 80% at 100 ug/mL. The study proves that umbelliferone can be a promising skeleton for fungicides discovery. In addition, the primary structure–activity relationship provides a good guidance for the discovery of novel fungicides based on natural products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Pan
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Dongyu Lei
- Department of Physiology, Preclinical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Lu Jin
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Yuan He
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
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17
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Guo G, Liu F, Bian Y, Li X. Bitter gourd has the highest azoxystrobinon residue after open field application on four cucurbit vegetables. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203967. [PMID: 30379877 PMCID: PMC6209134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to select a representative cucurbit vegetable crop that contained the highest residue levels of the pesticide azoxystrobinon. To do this, we used open field application of azoxystrobinon in four cucurbit crops (cucumber, zucchini, bitter gourd, and loofah) in Beijing, Shandong, and Anhui. Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring was used to determine azoxystrobinon levels in each of the selected cucurbit vegetables. The azoxystrobinon limit of detection was 0.005 mg kg-1 for all samples. Recoveries of azoxystrobinon ranged from 94.2% to 107.1% at spiked levels of 0.005-0.5 mg kg-1. In field trials, the half-life of azoxystrobinon in each of the four cucurbit crops was within the range of 1.4-3.1 d. Based on these results, we recommend that bitter gourd is selected as a representative cucurbit vegetable for future studies of azoxystrobinon. The obtained residual data were also assessed for their dietary risk and results indicated that there is no chronic dietary risk in any of the four, selected cucurbit vegetables. The recommended maximum residue limit (MRL) of azoxystrobinon in this subgroup was 0.2 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Bian
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Interaction of a Preventative Fungicide Treatment and Root Rot Pathogen on Ambrosia Beetle Attacks during a Simulated Flood Event. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030083. [PMID: 30011923 PMCID: PMC6165479 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flooding can increase tree susceptibility to root rot pathogens as well as attacks by ambrosia beetles attracted to stress-induced ethanol emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of a preventative fungicide treatment and root infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi on ambrosia beetle attacks in flood stressed trees. A fungicide (Pageant® Intrinsic®) was evaluated in two flood trials using Eastern redbud and tulip poplar trees with treatments including the fungicide with or without pathogen or no fungicide with or without pathogen. Fungicide treated trees had fewer ambrosia beetle attacks, particularly in trees without P. cinnamomi co-infection. In a follow-up experiment, ethanol content was evaluated in flooded redbuds to determine if the fungicide treatment reduced stress-induced compounds. All flood stressed trees began producing ethanol within 24 h post flooding, regardless of fungicide treatment or P. cinnamomi infection. We conclude that pre-treatments of a fungicide can provide protection from ambrosia beetle attacks during an extreme flood event, but that protection is reduced if a root rot pathogen is also present. Additionally, rejection of fungicide treated trees was not related to the absence of ethanol, as the fungicide-treated plants released ethanol in quantities similar to non-treated trees.
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19
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Chen J, Shi J, Yu L, Liu D, Gan X, Song B, Hu D. Design, Synthesis, Antiviral Bioactivity, and Defense Mechanisms of Novel Dithioacetal Derivatives Bearing a Strobilurin Moiety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5335-5345. [PMID: 29741370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of dithioacetal derivatives bearing a strobilurin moiety were designed and synthesized on the basis of our previous work. The antiviral activities of these compounds against Potato virus Y (PVY), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were systematically evaluated. Bioassay results indicated that C14 elicited excellent curative and protective activities against PVY, CMV, and TMV. The former had 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 125.3, 108.9, and 181.7 μg/mL, respectively, and the latter had 148.4, 113.2, and 214.6 μg/mL, respectively, which were significantly superior to those of lead compound 6f (297.6, 259.6, and 582.4 μg/mL and 281.5, 244.3, and 546.3 μg/mL, respectively), Ningnanmycin (440.5, 549.1, and 373.8 μg/mL and 425.3, 513.3, and 242.7 μg/mL, respectively), Chitosan oligosaccharide (553.4, 582.8, and 513.8 μg/mL and 547.3, 570.6, and 507.9 μg/mL, respectively), and Ribavirin (677.4, 690.3, and 686.5 μg/mL and 652.7, 665.4, and 653.4 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, defensive enzyme activities and RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the antiviral activity was associated with the changes of SOD, CAT, and POD activities in tobacco, which was proved by the related proteins of abscisic acid signaling pathway. This work provided a basis for further design, structural modification, and development of dithioacetal derivatives as new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Dengyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025 , China
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Synthesis, fungicidal activity, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and density functional theory (DFT) studies of novel strobilurin analogues containing arylpyrazole rings. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7822. [PMID: 29777123 PMCID: PMC5959921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel strobilurin analogues (1a-1f, 2a-2e, 3a-3e) containing arylpyrazole rings were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 1f, 2b and 3b were also determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These analogues were collected together with other twenty-eight similar compounds 4a-4f, 5a-5h, 6a-6h and 7a-7f from our previous studies, for in vitro bioassays and thorough structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies. Most compounds exhibited excellent-to-good fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, especially 5c, 7a, 6c, and 3b with 98.94%, 83.40%, 71.40% and 65.87% inhibition rates at 0.1 μg mL−1, respectively, better than commercial pyraclostrobin. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to study three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also carried out to provide more information regarding SARs. The present work provided some hints for developing novel strobilurin fungicides.
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Liang S, Xu X, Lu Z. Effect of azoxystrobin fungicide on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:175-182. [PMID: 29719464 PMCID: PMC5926504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of fungicide azoxystrobin, applied as foliar spray, on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng was studied in ginseng (Panax ginseng Mey. cv. "Ermaya") under natural environmental conditions. Different concentrations of 25% azoxystrobin SC (150 g a.i./ha and 225 g a.i./ha) on ginseng plants were sprayed three times, and the changes in physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves were tested. METHODS Physiological and biochemical indices were measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2450). Every index was determined three times per replication. Extracts of ginsenosides were analyzed by HPLC (Shimadzu LC20-AB) utilizing a GL-Wondasil C18 column. RESULTS Chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were significantly (p = 0.05) increased compared with the control by the application of azoxystrobin. Additionally, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and ginsenoside contents in azoxystrobin-treated plants were improved, and malondialdehyde content and O2- contents were reduced effectively. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggested that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence was due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species. When the dose of azoxystrobin was 225 g a.i./ha, the effect was more significant. CONCLUSION This work suggested that azoxystrobin played a role in delaying senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indices and improving ginsenoside contents in ginseng leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuanwei Xu
- Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agricultural PRC, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Schillheim B, Jansen I, Baum S, Beesley A, Bolm C, Conrath U. Sulforaphane Modifies Histone H3, Unpacks Chromatin, and Primes Defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2395-2405. [PMID: 29288231 PMCID: PMC5841731 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern crop production calls for agrochemicals that prime plants for enhanced defense. Reliable test systems for spotting priming-inducing chemistry, however, are rare. We developed an assay for the high-throughput search for compounds that prime microbial pattern-induced secretion of antimicrobial furanocoumarins (phytoalexins) in cultured parsley cells. The screen produced 1-isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfinylbutane (sulforaphane; SFN), a secondary metabolite in many crucifers, as a novel defense priming compound. While elucidating SFN's mode of action in defense priming, we found that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsisthaliana) the isothiocyanate provokes covalent modification (K4me3, K9ac) of histone H3 in the promoter and promoter-proximal region of defense genes WRKY6 and PDF12, but not PR1 SFN-triggered H3K4me3 and H3K9ac coincide with chromatin unpacking in the WRKY6 and PDF12 regulatory regions, primed WRKY6 expression, unprimed PDF12 activation, and reduced susceptibility to downy mildew disease (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis). Because SFN also directly inhibits Harabidopsidis and other plant pathogens, the isothiocyanate is promising for the development of a plant protectant with a dual mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Schillheim
- Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Irina Jansen
- Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Stephani Baum
- Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Alexander Beesley
- Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Department of Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
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Palukaitis P, Yoon JY, Choi SK, Carr JP. Manipulation of induced resistance to viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:141-148. [PMID: 28843933 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Induced resistance against plant viruses has been studied for many years. However, with the exception of RNA silencing, induced resistance to viruses remains mechanistically less well understood than for other plant pathogens. In contrast, the induction processes involved in induced resistance, comprising basal resistance signaling, effector-triggered immunity, and phytohormone pathways, have been increasingly well characterized in recent years. This has allowed induced resistance to viruses to be placed in a broader conceptual framework linking it to other defense systems, which we discuss in this review. We also discuss the range of agents, including chemicals and beneficial microorganisms and application methods that can be used to induce resistance to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Virology Unit, Department of Horticultural and Herbal Environment, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kook Choi
- Department of Vegetable Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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24
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Huzar-Novakowiski J, Paul PA, Dorrance AE. Host Resistance and Chemical Control for Management of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean in Ohio. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:937-949. [PMID: 28398874 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-17-0030-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of soybean in Ohio, along with new fungicides and cultivars with resistance to this disease, have led to a renewed interest in studies to update disease management guidelines. The effect of host resistance (in moderately resistant [MR] and moderately susceptible [MS] cultivars) and chemical control on SSR and yield was evaluated in 12 environments from 2014 to 2016. The chemical treatments evaluated were an untreated check, four fungicides (boscalid, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and thiophanate-methyl), and one herbicide (lactofen) applied at soybean growth stage R1 (early flowering) alone or at R1 followed by a second application at R2 (full flowering). SSR developed in 6 of 12 environments, with mean disease incidence in the untreated check of 2.5 to 41%. The three environments with high levels of SSR (disease incidence in the untreated check >20%) were used for further statistical analysis. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of soybean cultivar and chemical treatment on SSR levels. Significantly lower levels of SSR were observed in MR cultivars. Both boscalid and lactofen reduced SSR but did not increase yield. Pyraclostrobin increased SSR compared with the untreated check in the three environments with high levels of disease. In the six fields where SSR did not develop, chemical treatment did not increase yield, nor was the yield from the MR cultivar significantly different from the MS cultivar. For Ohio, MR cultivars alone were effective for management of SSR in soybean fields where this disease has historically occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Huzar-Novakowiski
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - Anne E Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
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25
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Zhao J, Wang L, Cheng J, Wang W, Ye Q. Fate Characterization of Benzene Kresoxim-Methyl (a Strobilurin Fungicide) in Different Aerobic Soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:546-552. [PMID: 28724104 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.08.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzene kresoxim-methyl (BKM) is a promising broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide widely used to control fungal pathogens in crops. However, information on its environmental fate is limited. To broaden our understanding of this fungicide's kinetic fate in aerobic soils, we labeled BKM with C on its benzoate ring and used ultralow-level liquid scintillation counting coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Results show that degradation, mineralization, and bound residue (BR) formation of BKM was controlled by soil type and microbial community composition. Degradation of BKM followed first-order dynamics, and the half-lives () were 51.7, 30.8, and 26.8 d for clay, loamy, and saline soils, respectively. After 100 d, about 0.13, 4.35, and 5.94% of the initial C-BKM was mineralized, and 14.43, 19.90, and 28.81% was formed as BRs in the clay, loamy, and saline soils, respectively. About 60 to 85% of the C-BKM residue in soil was extractable; of this fraction, 30 to 50% was composed of incomplete degradation intermediates. Up to 40% of extractable C-BKM in soil was readily available. Our results suggest that BKM and its incomplete intermediates had a relatively long persistence in soil, which may lead to exposure for nontarget organisms. Soil microbes may play a dominant role in controlling the fate of BKM in soil as sterilization sharply decreased its mineralization rate from 4.35 to 0.03%, increased from 30.8 to 85.6 d, and decreased the BR fraction from 19.90 to 3.25%.
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26
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Sivanandhan S, Khusro A, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S, Al-Dhabi NA. Biocontrol Properties of Basidiomycetes: An Overview. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E2. [PMID: 29371521 PMCID: PMC5715959 DOI: 10.3390/jof3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In agriculture, there is an urgent need for alternate ecofriendly products to control plant diseases. These alternate products must possess preferable characteristics such as new modes of action, cost effectiveness, biodegradability, and target specificity. In the current scenario, studies on macrofungi have been an area of importance for scientists. Macrofungi grow prolifically and are found in many parts of the world. Basidiomycetes (mushrooms) flourish ubiquitously under warm and humid climates. Basidiomycetes are rich sources of natural antibiotics. The secondary metabolites produced by them possess antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. The present review discusses the potential role of Basidiomycetes as anti-phytofungal, anti-phytobacterial, anti-phytoviral, mosquito larvicidal, and nematicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Michael Gabriel Paulraj
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
- The International Scientific Partnership Program (ISPP), King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Zine H, Rifai LA, Koussa T, Bentiss F, Guesmi S, Laachir A, Makroum K, Belfaiza M, Faize M. The mononuclear nickel(II) complex bis(azido-κN)bis[2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ 2 N 2 ,N 3 ]nickel(II) protects tomato from Verticillium dahliae by inhibiting fungal growth and activating plant defences. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:188-197. [PMID: 27040738 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antifungal properties of the nickel(II) complex bis(azido-κN)bis[2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ2 N2 ,N3 ]nickel(II) [NiL2 (N3 )2 ] and its parental ligand 2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole were examined to evaluate their ability to protect tomato plants against Verticillium dahliae. Our main objectives were to determine their effects on the in vitro growth of the pathogen, and their aptitude for controlling verticillium wilt and activating plant defence responses in the greenhouse. RESULTS NiL2 (N3 )2 exhibited in vitro an elevated inhibition of radial growth of three strains of the pathogen. According to the strain, the EC50 values ranged from 10 to 29 µg mL-1 for NiL2 (N3 )2 . In the greenhouse, it induced an elevated protection against V. dahliae when it was applied twice as foliar sprays at 50 µg mL-1 . It reduced the leaf alteration index by 85% and vessel browning by 96%. In addition, its protective ability was associated with the accumulation of H2 O2 and the activation of total phenolic content, as well as potentiation of the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the coordination of the ligand with Ni associated with the azide as a coligand resulted in an improvement in its biological activity by both inhibiting the growth of V. dahliae and activating plant defence responses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Zine
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Lalla Aicha Rifai
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Tayeb Koussa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Fouad Bentiss
- Laboratoire de Catalyse et de Corrosion de Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Salaheddine Guesmi
- Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Laachir
- Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Kacem Makroum
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Malika Belfaiza
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
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Induction of Resistance against Late Blight Disease on Potato by Azoxystrobin and Chaetoglobosin Biomolecules. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.10.4.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Liang S, Xu XW, Zhao XF, Hou ZG, Wang XH, Lu ZB. Two new fatty acids esters were detected in ginseng stems by the application of azoxystrobin and the increasing of antioxidant enzyme activity and ginsenosides content. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 134:63-72. [PMID: 27914541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a valuable herb in China that has also gained popularity in the West because of its pharmacological properties. The constituents isolated and characterized in ginseng stems include ginsenosides, fatty acids, amino acids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. In this study, the effects of fungicide azoxystrobin applied on antioxidant enzyme activity and ginsenosides content in ginseng stems was studied by using Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. cv. (the cultivar of Ermaya) under natural environmental conditions. The azoxystrobin formulation (25% SC) was sprayed three times on ginseng plants at different doses (150ga.i./ha and 225ga.i./ha), respectively. Two new fatty acids esters (ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) were firstly detected in ginseng stems by the application of azoxystrobin as foliar spray. The results indicated that activities of enzymatic antioxidants, the content of ginsenosides and two new fatty acids esters in ginseng stems in azoxystrobin-treated plants were increased. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggest that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence is due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species (AOS). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in azoxystrobin-treated plants was about 1-3 times higher than that in untreated plants. And the effects was more significant (P=0.05) when azoxystrobin was applied at dose of 225ga.i./ha. This work suggests that azoxystrobin plays an important role in delaying of senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indicators and increasing ginsenosides content in ginseng stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Xuan-Wei Xu
- Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agricultural PRC, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guang Hou
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Zhong-Bin Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
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30
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Skandalis N, Dimopoulou A, Beri D, Tzima A, Malandraki I, Theologidis I, Bitivanos S, Varveri C, Klitsinaris T, Vassilakos N. Effect of Pyraclostrobin Application on Viral and Bacterial Diseases of Tomato. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1321-1330. [PMID: 30686190 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1216-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) are powerful fungicides, which have been reported, additionally to their fungicide activity, to increase plant capacity to activate cellular defense responses and to promote plant growth. In this work, the effect of the QoI class fungicide pyraclostrobin was examined against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in tomato plants following artificial inoculation of the plants with the pathogens. Under controlled environmental conditions, pyraclostrobin delayed viral and bacterial disease development, even if P. syringae pv. tomato internal population levels were not affected significantly. In contrast, under field conditions in commercial greenhouses, a reduced CMV disease incidence throughout the tomato cultivation period was recorded. Gene expression analysis indicated an effect of pyraclostrobin application on tomato MAPKs transcript levels and a possible interference with plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Skandalis
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Dimopoulou
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Beri
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Aliki Tzima
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Malandraki
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute
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Schilling JV, Schillheim B, Mahr S, Reufer Y, Sanjoyo S, Conrath U, Büchs J. Oxygen transfer rate identifies priming compounds in parsley cells. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:282. [PMID: 26608728 PMCID: PMC4660667 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In modern agriculture, the call for an alternative crop protection strategy increases because of the desired reduction of fungicide and pesticide use and the continuously evolving resistance of pathogens and pests to agrochemicals. The direct activation of the plant immune system does not provide a promising plant protection measure because of high fitness costs. However, upon treatment with certain natural or synthetic compounds, plant cells can promote to a fitness cost-saving, primed state of enhanced defense. In the primed state, plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress with faster and stronger activation of defense, and this is often associated with immunity and abiotic stress tolerance. Until now, the identification of chemical compounds with priming-inducing activity (so-called plant activators) relied on tedious and invasive approaches, or required the late detection of secreted furanocoumarin phytoalexins in parsley cell cultures. Thus, simple, fast, straightforward, and noninvasive techniques for identifying priming-inducing compounds for plant protection are very welcome. RESULTS This report demonstrates that a respiration activity-monitoring system (RAMOS) can identify compounds with defense priming-inducing activity in parsley cell suspension in culture. RAMOS relies on the quasi-continuous, noninvasive online determination of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR). Treatment of parsley culture cells with the known plant activator salicylic acid (SA), a natural plant defense signal, resulted in an OTR increase. Addition of the defense elicitor Pep13, a cell wall peptide of Phythophthora sojae, induced two distinctive OTR peaks that were higher in SA-primed cells than in unprimed cells upon Pep13 challenge. Both, the OTR increase after priming with SA and the Pep13 challenge were dose-dependent. Furthermore, there was a close correlation of a compound's activity to enhance the oxygen consumption in parsley cells and its capacity to prime Pep13-induced furanocoumarin secretion as evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS RAMOS noninvasively determines the OTR as a measure of the metabolic activity of plant cells. Chemical enhancement of oxygen consumption by salicylic derivatives in parsley cell suspension cultures correlates with the induction of the primed state of enhanced defense that enhances the quantity of Pep13-induced furanocoumarin phytoalexins. Treatment with the priming-active compounds methyl jasmonate and pyraclostrobin also resulted in an enhanced respiration activity. Thus, RAMOS is a novel technology for identifying priming-inducing compounds for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Viola Schilling
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Britta Schillheim
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Mahr
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yannik Reufer
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sandi Sanjoyo
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Lv K, Liu Y, Li Y, Xu G, Pan X, Li F, Chen K, Huang B, Yang Y. Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, Structure–Activity Relationship and Density Functional Theory Studies of Novel Oxime Ether Derivatives Containing 1-Aryl-3-Oxypyrazoles. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14424777344265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of 16 oxime ether derivatives containing 1-aryl-3-oxypyrazoles were synthesised, and the structure of one of them, (E)-methyl 2-(2-({(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-oxy}methyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate was determined by X-ray diffraction crystallography. Preliminary bioassays indicated that some of these compounds exhibited very good fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani, especially the ester 2-(2-({(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-oxy}methyl)phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetate, which displayed greater activity than control compound pyraclostrobin at a dosage of 0.1 μg mL-1. The relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was discussed. Density functional theory studies of the 3-methyl heterocyclic ester and the 4-chorophenyl heterocyclic N-methylamide were carried out and the results discussed in terms of the wide difference in fungicidal activity shown by each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhi Lv
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fangshi Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P. R. China
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Itako AT, Tolentino JB, da Silva TAF, Soman JM, Maringoni AC. Chemical products induce resistance to Xanthomonas perforans in tomato. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:701-6. [PMID: 26413050 PMCID: PMC4568868 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246320140177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial spot of tomato, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a very important disease, especially in the hot and humid periods of the year. The chemical control of the disease has not been very effective for a number of reasons. This study aimed to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, the efficacy of leaf-spraying chemicals (acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) (0.025 g.L(-1)), fluazinam (0.25 g.L(-1)), pyraclostrobin (0.08 g.L(-1)), pyraclostrobin + methiran (0.02 g.L(-1) + 2.2 g.L(-1)), copper oxychloride (1.50 g.L(-1)), mancozeb + copper oxychloride (0.88 g.L(-1) + 0.60 g.L(-1)), and oxytetracycline (0.40 g.L(-1))) on control of bacterial spot. Tomatoes Santa Clara and Gisele cultivars were pulverized 3 days before inoculation with Xanthomonas perforans. The production of enzymes associated with resistance induction (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease) was quantified from leaf samples collected 24 hours before and 24 hours after chemical spraying and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after bacterial inoculation. All products tested controlled bacterial spot, but only ASM, pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin + metiram increased the production of peroxidase in the leaves of the two tomato cultivars, and increased the production of polyphenol oxidase and β-1,3-glucanase in the Santa Clara cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,
Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
| | - José Marcelo Soman
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,
Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Maringoni
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,
Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
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34
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Faoro F, Gozzo F. Is modulating virus virulence by induced systemic resistance realistic? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:1-13. [PMID: 25804804 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Induction of plant resistance, either achieved by chemicals (systemic acquired resistance, SAR) or by rhizobacteria (induced systemic resistance, ISR) is a possible and/or complementary alternative to manage virus infections in crops. SAR mechanisms operating against viruses are diverse, depending on the pathosystem, and may inhibit virus replication as well as cell-to-cell and long-distance movement. Inhibition is often mediated by salicylic acid with the involvement of alternative oxidase and reactive oxygen species. However, salicylate may also stimulate a separate downstream pathway, leading to the induction of an additional mechanism, based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1-mediated RNA silencing. Thus, SAR and RNA silencing would closely cooperate in the defence against virus infection. Despite tremendous recent progress in the knowledge of SAR mechanisms, only a few compounds, including benzothiadiazole and chitosan have been shown to reduce the severity of systemic virus disease in controlled environment and, more modestly, in open field. Finally, ISR induction, has proved to be a promising strategy to control virus disease, particularly by seed bacterization with a mixture of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. However, the use of any of these treatments should be integrated with cultivation practices that reduce vector pressure by the use of insecticides, or by Bt crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Faoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy.
| | - Franco Gozzo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Vincelli P, Lee C. Influence of Open Alleys in Field Trials Assessing Yield Effects from Fungicides in Corn. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:263-266. [PMID: 30699558 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-14-0415-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Including open alleys at ends of plots is a common practice when field-testing foliar fungicides used in corn production. Open alleys facilitate movement of workers and equipment between plots during spray application. Open alleys affect crop yield estimates in small plots typically used in replicated, randomized experimental designs, because of reduced interplant competition. However, no published research has tested whether the alley effect interacts with fungicide to bias the assessment of the agronomic effects of the latter. We tested this hypothesis over 2 years by evaluating yield with and without application of Headline AMP (containing pyraclostrobin and metconazole) plus nonionic surfactant applied once at VT/R1 in 7.6-m plots separated on their ends by 1.5-m alleys free of aboveground vegetation. In each plot, data were collected from seven subplots, each measuring 1.09 m of row-length and running parallel to the long axis of the plot. Consistent with previous reports, yields of subplots were substantially higher toward plot ends than in the central areas of plots. Surprisingly, a significant (P < 0.10) fungicide × subplot interaction was observed in both experiments, indicating that the yield response from fungicide depended on subplot position within the plot. However, yield differences due to fungicide were trivial when comparing regression-based yield estimates from all seven subplot positions to those obtained from only the centermost three subplot positions. Our study does not lend support to the hypothesis that the open-alley design creates a meaningful bias in assessment of treatment effects due to foliar fungicides in corn. However, additional research on this question is warranted, given the complexities of comparing results in large-scale plots vs. small plots, the limitations of our study, and the widespread use of fungicides on field corn in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vincelli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky
| | - Chad Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky
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Conrath U, Beckers GJM, Langenbach CJG, Jaskiewicz MR. Priming for enhanced defense. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 53:97-119. [PMID: 26070330 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
When plants recognize potential opponents, invading pathogens, wound signals, or abiotic stress, they often switch to a primed state of enhanced defense. However, defense priming can also be induced by some natural or synthetic chemicals. In the primed state, plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress with faster and stronger activation of defense, and this is often linked to immunity and abiotic stress tolerance. This review covers recent advances in disclosing molecular mechanisms of priming. These include elevated levels of pattern-recognition receptors and dormant signaling enzymes, transcription factor HsfB1 activity, and alterations in chromatin state. They also comprise the identification of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase as a receptor of the priming activator β-aminobutyric acid. The article also illustrates the inheritance of priming, exemplifies the role of recently identified priming activators azelaic and pipecolic acid, elaborates on the similarity to defense priming in mammals, and discusses the potential of defense priming in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany; , , ,
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Li Y, Liu YY, Chen NQ, Lü KZ, Xiong XH, Li J. One-Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Oximino Ester-Containing 1-Aryl-4-chloro-3-oxypyrazoles as Potential Fungicides. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu Y, Li Y, Chen N, Xiong X, Yu L, Jing C, Zheng Q, Du K, Jiang H. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fungicidal activity of Novel 1-Aryl-3-Oxypyrazoles Containing a Z-Configuration Methyl 2-(Methoxyimino) Acetate Moiety. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x14068939771826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Six novel methyl( Z)-2-(4-{[(1-aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]methyl}phenyl) 2-(methoxyimino)acetate were synthesised by the reaction of 1-aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-ols with methyl ( Z)-2-[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-2-(methoxyimino)acetate. The structure of methyl ( Z)-2-[4-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]-2-(methoxyimino)acetate was also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A preliminary in vitro bioassay indicated that compounds 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl and 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) derivatives exhibited moderate fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani at a dosage of 10 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Nanqing Chen
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P.R. China
| | - Chaoxuan Jing
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P.R. China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Chen N, Lv K, Zhou C, Xiong X, Li F. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel chloro-containing 1-aryl-3-oxypyrazoles with an oximino ester or oximino amide moiety. Molecules 2014; 19:8140-50. [PMID: 24941339 PMCID: PMC6271209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Six novel chloro-containing 1-aryl-3-oxypyrazoles TMa–TMf with an oximino ester or an oximino amide moiety were prepared by the reaction of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-3-ols with benzyl bromide. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. A preliminary in vitro bioassay indicated that compounds TMa, TMe and TMf displayed excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and could be used as potential lead compounds for further development of novel fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, China.
| | - Yi Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Nanqing Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kunzhi Lv
- College of Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing 210088, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fangshi Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Perez IB, Brown PJ. The role of ROS signaling in cross-tolerance: from model to crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:754. [PMID: 25566313 PMCID: PMC4274871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules produced in response to biotic and abiotic stresses that trigger a variety of plant defense responses. Cross-tolerance, the enhanced ability of a plant to tolerate multiple stresses, has been suggested to result partly from overlap between ROS signaling mechanisms. Cross-tolerance can manifest itself both as a positive genetic correlation between tolerance to different stresses (inherent cross-tolerance), and as the priming of systemic plant tolerance through previous exposure to another type of stress (induced cross-tolerance). Research in model organisms suggests that cross-tolerance could be used to benefit the agronomy and breeding of crop plants. However, research under field conditions has been scarce and critical issues including the timing, duration, and intensity of a stressor, as well as its interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors, remain to be addressed. Potential applications include the use of chemical stressors to screen for stress-resistant genotypes in breeding programs and the agronomic use of chemical inducers of plant defense for plant protection. Success of these applications will rely on improving our understanding of how ROS signals travel systemically and persist over time, and of how genetic correlations between resistance to ROS, biotic, and abiotic stresses are shaped by cooperative and antagonistic interactions within the underlying signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- *Correspondence: Patrick J. Brown, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1408 Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA e-mail:
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Gozzo F, Faoro F. Systemic acquired resistance (50 years after discovery): moving from the lab to the field. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12473-91. [PMID: 24328169 DOI: 10.1021/jf404156x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Induction of plant defense(s) against pathogen challenge(s) has been the object of progressively more intense research in the past two decades. Insights on mechanisms of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and similar, alternative processes, as well as on problems encountered on moving to their practical application in open field, have been carefully pursued and, as far as possible, defined. In reviewing the number of research works published in metabolomic, genetic, biochemical, and crop protection correlated disciplines, the following outline has been adopted: 1, introduction to the processes currently considered as models of the innate immunity; 2, primary signals, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA), involved with different roles in the above-mentioned processes; 3, long-distance signals, identified from petiole exudates as mobile signaling metabolites during expressed resistance; 4, exogenous inducers, including the most significant chemicals known to stimulate the plant resistance induction and originated from both synthetic and natural sources; 5, fungicides shown to act as stimulators of SAR in addition to their biocidal action; 6, elusive mechanism of priming, reporting on the most recent working hypotheses on the pretranscriptional ways through which treated plants may express resistance upon pathogen attack and how this resistance can be transmitted to the next generation; 7, fitness costs and benefits of SAR so far reported from field application of induced resistance; 8, factors affecting efficacy of induced resistance in the open field, indicating that forces, unrevealed under controlled conditions, may be operative in the field; 9, concluding remarks address the efforts required to apply the strategy of crop resistance induction according to the rules of integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Gozzo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, and ‡Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Rahman MM, Jang J, Park JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Ko AY, Choi JH, Yang A, Park KH, Shim JH. Determination of kresoxim-methyl and its thermolabile metabolites in pear utilizing pepper leaf matrix as a protectant using gas chromatography. J Adv Res 2013; 5:329-35. [PMID: 25685500 PMCID: PMC4294735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kresoxim-methyl and its two thermolabile metabolites, BF 490-2 and BF 490-9, were analyzed in pear using a pepper leaf matrix protection to maintain the metabolites inside the gas chromatography system. Samples were extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (1:1, v/v) and purified and/or separated using a solid phase extraction procedure. The pepper leaf matrix was added and optimized with cleaned pear extract to enhance metabolite sensitivity. Matrix matched calibration was used for kresoxim-methyl in the pear matrix and for metabolites in the pear mixed with pepper leaf matrix. Good linearity was obtained for all analytes with a coefficient of determination, r2 ⩾ 0.992. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006 and 0.02 mg kg−1 and 0.02 and 0.065 mg kg−1 for kresoxim-methyl and the metabolites, respectively. Recoveries were carried out at two concentration levels and were 85.6–97.9% with a relative standard deviation <2.5%. The method was successfully applied to field incurred pear samples, and only kresoxim-methyl was detected at a concentration of 0.03 mg kg−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyouk Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ah-Young Ko
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heui Choi
- Institute of Environmental Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angel Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Liu W, Mazarei M, Rudis MR, Fethe MH, Stewart CN. Rapid in vivo analysis of synthetic promoters for plant pathogen phytosensing. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:108. [PMID: 22093754 PMCID: PMC3247077 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to engineer transgenic plants for the purpose of early detection of plant pathogen infection, which was accomplished by employing synthetic pathogen inducible promoters fused to reporter genes for altered phenotypes in response to the pathogen infection. Toward this end, a number of synthetic promoters consisting of inducible regulatory elements fused to a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter were constructed for use in phytosensing. RESULTS For rapid analysis, an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay was evaluated, then utilized to assess the inducibility of each synthetic promoter construct in vivo. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves were infiltrated with Agrobacterium harboring the individual synthetic promoter-reporter constructs. The infiltrated tobacco leaves were re-infiltrated with biotic (bacterial pathogens) or abiotic (plant defense signal molecules salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate) agents 24 and 48 hours after initial agroinfiltration, followed by RFP measurements at relevant time points after treatment. These analyses indicated that the synthetic promoter constructs were capable of conferring the inducibility of the RFP reporter in response to appropriate phytohormones and bacterial pathogens, accordingly. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate that the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression is an efficient method for in vivo assays of promoter constructs in less than one week. Our results provide the opportunity to gain further insights into the versatility of the expression system as a potential tool for high-throughput in planta expression screening prior to generating stably transgenic plants for pathogen phytosensing. This system could also be utilized for temporary phytosensing; e.g., not requiring stably transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mary R Rudis
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michael H Fethe
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Li Y, Liu R, Yan Z, Zhang X, Zhu H. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fungicidal Activities of New Type Oxazolidinone-Based Strobilurin Analogues. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Munkvold GP. Seed Pathology Progress in Academia and Industry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2009; 47:285-311. [PMID: 19400648 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Seed pathology involves the study and management of diseases affecting seed production and utilization, as well as disease management practices applied to seeds. In this paper, three aspects of seed pathology are discussed: research innovations in detection of seedborne pathogens and elucidation of their epidemiology; advances in development and use of seed treatments; and progress toward standardization of phytosanitary regulations and seed health testing methods. The application of nucleic-acid based detection methods in seed health testing has been facilitated by integrating conventional or real-time PCR with other technologies (e.g., BIO-PCR, IMS-PCR, MCH-PCR). PCR-based methods and pathogen marker technologies are being applied to epidemiological research on seedborne pathogens, e.g., seed transmission mechanisms, the influence of external biotic and abiotic factors on seed transmission, and tracking progress of seed-transmitted pathogens. Seed treatment use is discussed in terms of the revolutionary expansion in seed-applied insecticide use, impacts of new fungicide active ingredients, and the effects of some seed treatments on crop physiology. International seed trade has been affected significantly by changing phytosanitary regulations, not always based on science. Efforts are underway to revise phytosanitary regulations to reflect pest risk analysis outcomes and to develop standards for seed health testing methods that facilitate safe and efficient international trade in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Beckers GJM, Conrath U. Priming for stress resistance: from the lab to the field. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2007; 10:425-31. [PMID: 17644024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Upon treatment with necrotizing pathogens, many plants develop an enhanced capacity for activating defense responses to biotic and abiotic stress--a process called priming. The primed state can also be induced by colonization of plant roots with beneficial micro-organisms or by treatment of plants with various natural and synthetic compounds. Priming is thought to be the mechanism by which plants can show induced resistance against ostensibly virulent pathogens after a conditioning treatment. Although the phenomenon has been known for years, it has been appreciated just recently that priming for enhanced defense responses can result from plant-plant communication in nature and that priming can also boost the resistance of crops to biotic and abiotic stresses in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold J M Beckers
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Conrath U, Beckers GJM, Flors V, García-Agustín P, Jakab G, Mauch F, Newman MA, Pieterse CMJ, Poinssot B, Pozo MJ, Pugin A, Schaffrath U, Ton J, Wendehenne D, Zimmerli L, Mauch-Mani B. Priming: getting ready for battle. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:1062-71. [PMID: 17022170 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens or colonization of plant roots with certain beneficial microbes causes the induction of a unique physiological state called "priming." The primed state can also be induced by treatment of plants with various natural and synthetic compounds. Primed plants display either faster, stronger, or both activation of the various cellular defense responses that are induced following attack by either pathogens or insects or in response to abiotic stress. Although the phenomenon has been known for decades, most progress in our understanding of priming has been made over the past few years. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of priming in various induced-resistance phenomena in plants.
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Li JZ, Wu X, Hu JY. Determination of fungicide kresoxim-methyl residues in cucumber and soil by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2006; 41:427-36. [PMID: 16753961 DOI: 10.1080/03601230600616841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The method of residue analysis of kresoxim-methyl and its dissipation rate in cucumber and soil in a greenhouse were studied. Residues of kresoxim-methyl were extracted from cucumber and soil matrices with acetone, purified by liquid-liquid extraction and Florisil cartridges, and then determined by GC with NP-detector. The limit of detection was estimated to be 9 x 10-12 g, and the minimum determination concentration of kresoxim-methyl in the samples was 0.005 mg kg-1. The average recoveries ranged from 89.4 to 100.2% with a coefficient variation between 2.4 and 8.9%. Dissipation study showed that the half-lives of kresoxim-methyl in cucumber were approximately 6.5 days at both the recommended and double the recommended dosage. Half-lives for both the treatments were approximately 8 days in soil. The present study revealed that the residues in cucumber were below the MRL (0.05 mg kg-1, fixed by EU) after 7 days for both treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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