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Ahmed FF, Dola FS, Islam MSU, Zohra FT, Akter N, Rahman SM, Rauf Sarkar MA. Genome-Wide Comprehensive Identification and In Silico Characterization of Lectin Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Genet Res (Camb) 2024; 2024:2924953. [PMID: 38444770 PMCID: PMC10914435 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2924953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are a significant subgroup of the receptor-like kinases (RLKs) protein family. They play crucial roles in plant growth, development, immune responses, signal transduction, and stress tolerance. However, the genome-wide identification and characterization of LecRLK genes and their regulatory elements have not been explored in a major cereal crop, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Therefore, in this study, integrated bioinformatics tools were used to identify and characterize the LecRLK gene family in barley. Based on the phylogenetic tree and domain organization, a total of 113 LecRLK genes were identified in the barley genome (referred to as HvlecRLK) corresponding to the LecRLK genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. These putative HvlecRLK genes were classified into three groups: 62 G-type LecRLKs, 1 C-type LecRLK, and 50 L-type LecRLKs. They were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes, including one unknown chromosome, and were predominantly located in the plasma membrane (G-type HvlecRLK (96.8%), C-type HvlecRLK (100%), and L-type HvlecRLK (98%)). An analysis of motif composition and exon-intron configuration revealed remarkable homogeneity with the members of AtlecRLK. Notably, most of the HvlecRLKs (27 G-type, 43 L-type) have no intron, suggesting their rapid functionality. The Ka/Ks and syntenic analysis demonstrated that HvlecRLK gene pairs evolved through purifying selection and gene duplication was the major factor for the expansion of the HvlecRLK gene family. Exploration of gene ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the identified HvlecRLK genes are associated with various cellular processes, metabolic pathways, defense mechanisms, kinase activity, catalytic activity, ion binding, and other essential pathways. The regulatory network analysis identified 29 transcription factor families (TFFs), with seven major TFFs including bZIP, C2H2, ERF, MIKC_MADS, MYB, NAC, and WRKY participating in the regulation of HvlecRLK gene functions. Most notably, eight TFFs were found to be linked to the promoter region of both L-type HvleckRLK64 and HvleckRLK86. The promoter cis-acting regulatory element (CARE) analysis of barley identified a total of 75 CARE motifs responsive to light responsiveness (LR), tissue-specific (TS), hormone responsiveness (HR), and stress responsiveness (SR). The maximum number of CAREs was identified in HvleckRLK11 (25 for LR), HvleckRLK69 (17 for TS), and HvleckRLK80 (12 for HR). Additionally, HvleckRLK14, HvleckRLK16, HvleckRLK33, HvleckRLK50, HvleckRLK52, HvleckRLK56, and HvleckRLK110 were predicted to exhibit higher responses in stress conditions. In addition, 46 putative miRNAs were predicted to target 81 HvlecRLK genes and HvlecRLK13 was the most targeted gene by 8 different miRNAs. Protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated higher functional similarities of 63 HvlecRLKs with 7 Arabidopsis STRING proteins. Our overall findings provide valuable information on the LecRLK gene family which might pave the way to advanced research on the functional mechanism of the candidate genes as well as to develop new barley cultivars in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Sumaiya Dola
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shohel Ul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohra
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Akter
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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Liu Y, Lin Y, Wei F, Lv Y, Xie F, Chen D, Lin H, Li Y. G-type receptor-like kinase AsNIP43 interacts with rhizobia effector nodulation outer protein P and is required for symbiosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1527-1546. [PMID: 37432453 PMCID: PMC10517198 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In the Rhizobium-Legume symbiosis, the nodulation outer protein P (NopP) effector is one of the key regulators for rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism through which host legume plants sense NopP remains largely unknown. Here, we constructed an nopP deletion mutant of Mesorhizobium huakuii and found that nopP negatively regulates nodulation on Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus). Screening for NopP interacting proteins in host plants using the yeast 2-hybrid system identified NopP interacting protein 43 (AsNIP43), which encodes a G-type receptor-like kinase (LecRLK). The B-lectin domain at the N terminus of AsNIP43 was essential in mediating its interaction with NopP, which was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Subcellular localization, co-localization, and gene expression analyses showed that AsNIP43 and NopP function tightly associated with earlier infection events. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of AsNIP43 expression by hairy root transformation led to decreased nodule formation. AsNIP43 plays a positive role in symbiosis, which was further verified in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Transcriptome analysis indicated that MtRLK (a homolog of AsNIP43 in M. truncatula) may function to affect defense gene expression and thus to regulate early nodulation. Taken together, we show that LecRLK AsNIP43 is a legume host target that interacts with rhizobia effector NopP is essential for rhizobial infection and nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dasong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
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Lecona AM, Nanjareddy K, Blanco L, Piazza V, Vera-Núñez JA, Lara M, Arthikala MK. CRK12: A Key Player in Regulating the Phaseolus vulgaris- Rhizobium tropici Symbiotic Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11720. [PMID: 37511479 PMCID: PMC10380779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are a type of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) that are important for pathogen resistance, extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, and programmed cell death in plants. In a previous study, we identified 46 CRK family members in the Phaseolus vulgaris genome and found that CRK12 was highly upregulated under root nodule symbiotic conditions. To better understand the role of CRK12 in the Phaseolus-Rhizobia symbiotic interaction, we functionally characterized this gene by overexpressing (CRK12-OE) and silencing (CRK12-RNAi) it in a P. vulgaris hairy root system. We found that the constitutive expression of CRK12 led to an increase in root hair length and the expression of root hair regulatory genes, while silencing the gene had the opposite effect. During symbiosis, CRK12-RNAi resulted in a significant reduction in nodule numbers, while CRK12-OE roots showed a dramatic increase in rhizobial infection threads and the number of nodules. Nodule cross sections revealed that silenced nodules had very few infected cells, while CRK12-OE nodules had enlarged infected cells, whose numbers had increased compared to controls. As expected, CRK12-RNAi negatively affected nitrogen fixation, while CRK12-OE nodules fixed 1.5 times more nitrogen than controls. Expression levels of genes involved in symbiosis and ROS signaling, as well as nitrogen export genes, supported the nodule phenotypes. Moreover, nodule senescence was prolonged in CRK12-overexpressing roots. Subcellular localization assays showed that the PvCRK12 protein localized to the plasma membrane, and the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the CRK12-promoter::GUS-GFP analysis revealed a symbiosis-specific expression of CRK12 during the early stages of rhizobial infection and in the development of nodules. Our findings suggest that CRK12, a membrane RLK, is a novel regulator of Phaseolus vulgaris-Rhizobium tropici symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino M Lecona
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León 37689, GTO, Mexico
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León 37689, GTO, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Blanco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca 62210, MOR, Mexico
| | - Valeria Piazza
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, León 37150, GTO, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Vera-Núñez
- Departamento Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36821, GTO, Mexico
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca 62210, MOR, Mexico
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León 37689, GTO, Mexico
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Liu L, Liu J, Xu N. Ligand recognition and signal transduction by lectin receptor-like kinases in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1201805. [PMID: 37396638 PMCID: PMC10311507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) locate on the cell membrane and play diverse roles in perceiving environmental factors in higher plants. Studies have demonstrated that LecRKs are involved in plant development and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the identified ligands of LecRKs in Arabidopsis, including extracellular purine (eATP), extracellular pyridine (eNAD+), extracellular NAD+ phosphate (eNADP+) and extracellular fatty acids (such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid). We also discussed the posttranslational modification of these receptors in plant innate immunity and the perspectives of future research on plant LecRKs.
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Duraiswamy A, Sneha A. NM, Jebakani K. S, Selvaraj S, Pramitha J. L, Selvaraj R, Petchiammal K. I, Kather Sheriff S, Thinakaran J, Rathinamoorthy S, Kumar P. R. Genetic manipulation of anti-nutritional factors in major crops for a sustainable diet in future. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1070398. [PMID: 36874916 PMCID: PMC9976781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of healthy food, in order to strengthen the immune system, is now a major focus of people worldwide and is essential to tackle the emerging pandemic concerns. Moreover, research in this area paves the way for diversification of human diets by incorporating underutilized crops which are highly nutritious and climate-resilient in nature. However, although the consumption of healthy foods increases nutritional uptake, the bioavailability of nutrients and their absorption from foods also play an essential role in curbing malnutrition in developing countries. This has led to a focus on anti-nutrients that interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients and proteins from foods. Anti-nutritional factors in crops, such as phytic acid, gossypol, goitrogens, glucosinolates, lectins, oxalic acid, saponins, raffinose, tannins, enzyme inhibitors, alkaloids, β-N-oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), are synthesized in crop metabolic pathways and are interconnected with other essential growth regulation factors. Hence, breeding with the aim of completely eliminating anti-nutrition factors tends to compromise desirable features such as yield and seed size. However, advanced techniques, such as integrated multi-omics, RNAi, gene editing, and genomics-assisted breeding, aim to breed crops in which negative traits are minimized and to provide new strategies to handle these traits in crop improvement programs. There is also a need to emphasize individual crop-based approaches in upcoming research programs to achieve smart foods with minimum constraints in future. This review focuses on progress in molecular breeding and prospects for additional approaches to improve nutrient bioavailability in major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Duraiswamy
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Nancy Mano Sneha A.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sherina Jebakani K.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sellakumar Selvaraj
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Lydia Pramitha J.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramchander Selvaraj
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Indira Petchiammal K.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sharmili Kather Sheriff
- Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jenita Thinakaran
- Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Samundeswari Rathinamoorthy
- Crop Physiology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar P.
- Plant Biochemistry, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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De Coninck T, Van Damme EJM. Review: The multiple roles of plant lectins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111096. [PMID: 34763880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the biological roles of plant lectins remained obscure and subject to speculation. With the advent of technological and scientific progress, researchers have compiled a vast amount of information regarding the structure, biological activities and functionality of hundreds of plant lectins. Data mining of genomes and transcriptome sequencing and high-throughput analyses have resulted in new insights. This review aims to provide an overview of what is presently known about plant lectins, highlighting their versatility and the importance of plant lectins for a multitude of biological processes, such as plant development, immunity, stress signaling and regulation of gene expression. Though lectins primarily act as readers of the glycocode, the multiple roles of plant lectins suggest that their functionality goes beyond carbohydrate-recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Zeng M, Wan B, Wang L, Chen Z, Lin Y, Ye W, Wang Y, Wang Y. Identification and characterization of L-type lectin receptor-like kinases involved in Glycine max-Phytophthora sojae interaction. PLANTA 2021; 254:128. [PMID: 34812941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Soybean contains a group of 64 L-type lectin receptor-like kinases. Three LecRKs were involved in the interactions with Phytophthora sojae and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. L-type lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) comprise an important class of membrane-localized receptor-like kinases that are involved in plant adaptation. In this study, we performed an inventory analysis of LecRKs in Glycine max (soybean). In total, 64 GmLecRKs containing the canonical LecRK feature were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 48 GmLecRKs have close orthologs in Arabidopsis or Solanum lycopersicum, while 16 are likely present only in the leguminous plant species. Transcriptome analyses revealed that expressions of multiple GmLecRK genes are either induced or suppressed during infection by the soybean root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae. In addition, overexpression of the three LecRKs (Glyma.17G085000, Glyma.05G041300 or Glyma.17G224600) in the soybean hairy roots enhanced resistance to P. sojae. Upon inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, overexpression of Glyma.17G085000 in the soybean hairy roots does not significantly influence the nodulation, while overexpression of Glyma.05G041300 or Glyma.17G224600 slightly reduced the number and dry weight of nodules. This study highlights the importance of LecRKs in regulating plant-microbe interactions and provides new knowledge on the deployment of LecRKs to increase resistance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yachun Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao W, Hu S, Zou X, Cai R, Liao R, Lin X, Yao R, Guo X. Lectin receptor-like kinase LecRK-VIII.2 is a missing link in MAPK signaling-mediated yield control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:303-320. [PMID: 34618128 PMCID: PMC8418426 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The energy allocation for vegetative and reproductive growth is regulated by developmental signals and environmental cues, which subsequently affects seed output. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how plants coordinate yield-related traits to control yield in changing source-sink relationships remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered the lectin receptor-like kinase LecRK-VIII.2 as a specific receptor-like kinase that coordinates silique number, seed size, and seed number to determine seed yield in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The lecrk-VIII.2 mutants develop smaller seeds, but more siliques and seeds, leading to increased yield. In contrast, the plants overexpressing LecRK-VIII.2 form bigger seeds, but less siliques and seeds, which results in similar yield to that of wild-type plants. Interestingly, LecRK-VIII.2 promotes the growth of the rosette, root, and stem by coordinating the source-sink relationship. Additionally, LecRK-VIII.2 positively regulates cell expansion and proliferation in the seed coat, and maternally controls seed size. The genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that LecRK-VIII.2 acts upstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene MPK6 to regulate silique number, seed size, and seed number. Collectively, these findings uncover LecRK-VIII.2 as an upstream component of the MAPK signaling pathway to control yield-related traits and suggest its potential for crop improvement aimed at developing plants with stable yield, a robust root system, and improved lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruqiong Cai
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rui Liao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruifeng Yao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Structure and Development of the Legume-Rhizobial Symbiotic Interface in Infection Threads. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051050. [PMID: 33946779 PMCID: PMC8146911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular infection thread initiated in a root hair cell is a unique structure associated with Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. It is characterized by inverted tip growth of the plant cell wall, resulting in a tunnel that allows invasion of host cells by bacteria during the formation of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule. Regulation of the plant-microbial interface is essential for infection thread growth. This involves targeted deposition of the cell wall and extracellular matrix and tight control of cell wall remodeling. This review describes the potential role of different actors such as transcription factors, receptors, and enzymes in the rearrangement of the plant-microbial interface and control of polar infection thread growth. It also focuses on the composition of the main polymers of the infection thread wall and matrix and the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the infection thread. Mutant analysis has helped to gain insight into the development of host defense reactions. The available data raise many new questions about the structure, function, and development of infection threads.
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Singh P, Mishra AK, Singh CM. Genome-wide identification and characterization of Lectin receptor-like kinase (LecRLK) genes in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). J Appl Genet 2021; 62:223-234. [PMID: 33469874 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a diverse group of proteins found throughout plant species. Numerous lectins are involved in many important processes such as organogenesis, defense mechanism, signaling, and stress response. Although the mungbean whole genome sequence has been published, distribution, diversification, and gene structure of lectin genes in mungbean are still unknown. A total of 73 putative lectin genes with kinase domain have been identified through BLAST and HMM profiling. Furthermore, these sequences could be classified into three families, such as G-type, L-type, and C-type VrLecRLKs. 59 out of 73 VrLecRLKs were distributed on to 11 chromosomes, whereas rest could not be anchored onto any specific chromosome. Gene structure analysis revealed a varying number of exons in 73 VrLecRLK genes. Gene ontology annotations were grouped into three categories like biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions, which were associated with signaling pathways, defense responses, transferase activity, binding activity, and kinase activity. The comprehensive and systematic studies of LecRLK genes family provides a reference and foundation for further functional analysis of VrLecRLK genes in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India
| | | | - Chandra Mohan Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, 210 001, India.
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Zhang W, Chen Z, Kang Y, Fan Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Shi M, Yao K, Qin S. Genome-wide analysis of lectin receptor-like kinases family from potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9310. [PMID: 32566405 PMCID: PMC7293193 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are involved in responses to diverse environmental stresses and pathogenic microbes. A comprehensive acknowledgment of the family members in potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome is largely limited until now. In total, 113 potato LecRLKs (StLecRLKs) were first identified, including 85 G-type, 26 L-type and 2 C-type members. Based on phylogenetic analysis, StLecRLKs were sub-grouped into seven clades, including C-type, L-type, G-I, G-II, G-III G-IV and G-V. Chromosomal distribution and gene duplication analysis revealed the expansion of StLecRLKs occurred majorly through tandem duplication although the whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication events were found. Cis-elements in the StLecRLKs promoter region responded mainly to signals of defense and stress, phytohormone, biotic or abiotic stress. Moreover, expressional investigations indicated that the family members of the clades L-type, G-I, G-IV and G-V were responsive to both bacterial and fungal infection. Based on qRT-PCR analysis, the expressions of PGSC0003DMP400055136 and PGSC0003DMP400067047 were strongly induced in all treatments by both Fusarium sulphureum (Fs) and Phytophthora infestans (Pi) inoculation. The present study provides valuable information for LecRLKs gene family in potato genome, and establishes a foundation for further research into the functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingfu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Sun Y, Qiao Z, Muchero W, Chen JG. Lectin Receptor-Like Kinases: The Sensor and Mediator at the Plant Cell Surface. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:596301. [PMID: 33362827 PMCID: PMC7758398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.596301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs), a plant-specific receptor-like kinase (RLK) sub-family, have been recently found to play crucial roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we first describe the classification and structures of Lectin RLKs. Then we focus on the analysis of functions of LecRLKs in various biological processes and discuss the status of LecRLKs from the ligands they recognize, substrate they target, signaling pathways they are involved in, to the overall regulation of growth-defense tradeoffs. LecRLKs and the signaling components they interact with constitute recognition and protection systems at the plant cell surface contributing to the detection of environmental changes monitoring plant fitness.
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Guo J, Duan H, Xuan L, Wang Z, Hua J, Yu C, Yin Y, Li M, Yang Y. Identification and functional analysis of LecRLK genes in Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7498. [PMID: 31423364 PMCID: PMC6697044 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lectin receptor-like protein kinases (LecRLKs) can transform external stimuli into intracellular signals and play important regulatory roles in plant development and response to environmental stressors. However, research on the LecRLK gene family of conifers has seldom been reported. Methods Putative LecRLK genes were identified in the transcriptome of Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'. The classification, domain structures, subcellular localization prediction, and expression patterns of LecRLK genes, as well as co-expressed genes, were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Fifteen representative genes were further selected for qRT-PCR analysis in six tissues and under five different environmental stressor conditions. Results In total, 297 LecRLK genes were identified, including 155 G-type, 140 L-type, and 2 C-type. According to the classification, G-type and L-type LecRLK genes both can be organized into seven groups. The domain architecture of G-type proteins were more complex compared with that of L- and C-type proteins. Conservative motifs were found in G-type and L-type diverse lectin domains. Prediction and transient expression experiments to determine subcellular localization showed that LecRLKs were mainly concentrated in the cell membrane system, and some members were located at multiple sites at the same time. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics analysis suggested functional redundancy and divergence within each group. Unigenes co-expressed with LecRLKs in the transcriptome were found to be enriched in pathways related to signal transduction and environmental adaptation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of representative genes showed evidence of functional divergence between different groups. Conclusions This is the first study to conduct an identification and expression analysis of the LecRLK gene family in Taxodium. These results provide a basis for future studies on the evolution and function of this important gene family in Taxodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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Muchero W, Sondreli KL, Chen JG, Urbanowicz BR, Zhang J, Singan V, Yang Y, Brueggeman RS, Franco-Coronado J, Abraham N, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Weisberg AJ, Chang JH, Lindquist E, Barry K, Ranjan P, Jawdy S, Schmutz J, Tuskan GA, LeBoldus JM. Association mapping, transcriptomics, and transient expression identify candidate genes mediating plant-pathogen interactions in a tree. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11573-11578. [PMID: 30337484 PMCID: PMC6233113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804428115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive microbes causing diseases such as sudden oak death negatively affect ecosystems and economies around the world. The deployment of resistant genotypes for combating introduced diseases typically relies on breeding programs that can take decades to complete. To demonstrate how this process can be accelerated, we employed a genome-wide association mapping of ca 1,000 resequenced Populus trichocarpa trees individually challenged with Sphaerulina musiva, an invasive fungal pathogen. Among significant associations, three loci associated with resistance were identified and predicted to encode one putative membrane-bound L-type receptor-like kinase and two receptor-like proteins. A susceptibility-associated locus was predicted to encode a putative G-type D-mannose-binding receptor-like kinase. Multiple lines of evidence, including allele analysis, transcriptomics, binding assays, and overexpression, support the hypothesized function of these candidate genes in the P. trichocarpa response to S. musiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Kelsey L Sondreli
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Vasanth Singan
- Joint Genome Institute, US Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Yongil Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | | | - Nivi Abraham
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Alexandra J Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jeff H Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Erika Lindquist
- Joint Genome Institute, US Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Joint Genome Institute, US Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Sara Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Joint Genome Institute, US Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Joint Genome Institute, US Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Jared M LeBoldus
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331;
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
- Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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Ma N, Liu C, Li H, Wang J, Zhang B, Lin J, Chang Y. Genome-wide identification of lectin receptor kinases in pear: Functional characterization of the L-type LecRLK gene PbLRK138. Gene 2018; 661:11-21. [PMID: 29601951 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are membrane-bound receptors that are believed to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, little is known about the LecRLK family in pear. In this study, a total of 172 LecRLK genes were first identified in the entire pear genome. The 172 LecRLKs were divided into three types (111 G-, 59 L- and two C-types) based on their structure and phylogenetic relationships. LecRLKs gene expressions were detected in different pear tissues including roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and the most of the 11 selected LecRLKs exhibited similar expression patterns. Furthermore, six selected LecRLKs were shown to be involved in salt stress response. Overexpression of PbLRK138, an L-type LecRLK, caused cell death and induced expression of defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Two deletion mutants containing lectin or transmembrane and serine/threonine kinase domains did not trigger cell death. In addition, only the mutant with the transmembrane domain was localized to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ma
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Institute of Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Institute of Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Youhong Chang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Molecular Mechanism of Plant Recognition of Extracellular ATP. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1051:233-253. [PMID: 29064066 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), a ubiquitously dispersed biomolecule, is not only a major source of biochemical energy for living cells, but also acts as a critical signaling molecule through inter-cellular communication. Recent studies have clearly shown that extracellular ATP is involved in various physiological processes in plants, including root growth, stomata movement, pollen tube development, gravitropism, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. The first plant purinergic receptor for extracellular ATP, DORN1 (the founding member of the P2K family of purinergic receptors), was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by a forward genetic screen. DORN1 consists of an extracellular lectin domain, transmembrane domain, and serine/threonine kinase, intracellular domain. The predicted structure of the DORN1 extracellular domain revealed putative key ATP binding residues but an apparent lack of sugar binding. In this chapter, we summarize recent studies on the molecular mechanism of plant recognition of extracellular ATP with specific reference to the role of DORN1.
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17
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Liu PL, Huang Y, Shi PH, Yu M, Xie JB, Xie L. Duplication and diversification of lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLK) genes in soybean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5861. [PMID: 29651041 PMCID: PMC5897391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) play important roles in plant development and stress responses. Although genome-wide studies of LecRLKs have been performed in several species, a comprehensive analysis including evolutionary, structural and functional analysis has not been carried out in soybean (Glycine max). In this study, we identified 185 putative LecRLK genes in the soybean genome, including 123 G-type, 60 L-type and 2 C-type LecRLK genes. Tandem duplication and segmental duplication appear to be the main mechanisms of gene expansion in the soybean LecRLK (GmLecRLK) gene family. According to our phylogenetic analysis, G-type and L-type GmLecRLK genes can be organized into fourteen and eight subfamilies, respectively. The subfamilies within the G-type GmLecRLKs differ from each other in gene structure and/or protein domains and motifs, which indicates that the subfamilies have diverged. The evolution of L-type GmLecRLKs has been more conservative: most genes retain the same gene structures and nearly the same protein domain and motif architectures. Furthermore, the expression profiles of G-type and L-type GmLecRLK genes show evidence of functional redundancy and divergence within each group. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and function of soybean LecRLKs and provide a framework for further functional investigation of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Li Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peng-Hao Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Bo Xie
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - LuLu Xie
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Sun J, Li L, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu J. Genome-wide characterization, evolution, and expression analysis of the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK) gene family in Rosaceae genomes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:763. [PMID: 29017442 PMCID: PMC5635495 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK) is the largest gene family of receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) and actively participates in regulating the growth, development, signal transduction, immunity, and stress responses of plants. However, the patterns of LRR-RLK gene family evolution in the five main Rosaceae species for which genome sequences are available have not yet been reported. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of LRR-RLK genes for five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Malus domestica (apple), Pyrus bretschneideri (Chinese white pear), Prunus mume (mei), and Prunus persica (peach), which contained 201, 244, 427, 267, and 258 LRR-RLK genes, respectively. RESULTS All LRR-RLK genes were further grouped into 23 subfamilies based on the hidden Markov models approach. RLK-Pelle_LRR-XII-1, RLK-Pelle_LRR-XI-1, and RLK-Pelle_LRR-III were the three largest subfamilies. Synteny analysis indicated that there were 236 tandem duplicated genes in the five Rosaceae species, among which subfamilies XII-1 (82 genes) and XI-1 (80 genes) comprised 68.6%. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that tandem duplication made a large contribution to the expansion of the subfamilies. The gene expression, tissue-specific expression, and subcellular localization data revealed that LRR-RLK genes were differentially expressed in various organs and tissues, and the largest subfamily XI-1 was highly expressed in all five Rosaceae species, suggesting that LRR-RLKs play important roles in each stage of plant growth and development. Taken together, our results provide an overview of the LRR-RLK family in Rosaceae genomes and the basis for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Sun
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Leiting Li
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Van Holle S, De Schutter K, Eggermont L, Tsaneva M, Dang L, Van Damme EJM. Comparative Study of Lectin Domains in Model Species: New Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061136. [PMID: 28587095 PMCID: PMC5485960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. The analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (Arabidopsisthaliana, Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Oryza sativa ssp. indica). The genomes were screened for genes encoding lectin domains using a combination of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), hidden Markov models, and InterProScan analysis. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships were investigated by constructing maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. The results demonstrate that the majority of the lectin families are present in each of the species under study. Domain organization analysis showed that most identified proteins are multi-domain proteins, owing to the modular rearrangement of protein domains during evolution. Most of these multi-domain proteins are widespread, while others display a lineage-specific distribution. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses reveal that some lectin families evolved to be similar to the phylogeny of the plant species, while others share a closer evolutionary history based on the corresponding protein domain architecture. Our results yield insights into the evolutionary relationships and functional divergence of plant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Holle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lore Eggermont
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mariya Tsaneva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Liuyi Dang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Glyan’ko AK, Ischenko AA. Immunity of a leguminous plant infected by nodular bacteria Rhizobium spp. F.: Review. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Langhans M, Weber W, Babel L, Grunewald M, Meckel T. The right motifs for plant cell adhesion: what makes an adhesive site? PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:95-108. [PMID: 27091341 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells of multicellular organisms are surrounded by and attached to a matrix of fibrous polysaccharides and proteins known as the extracellular matrix. This fibrous network not only serves as a structural support to cells and tissues but also plays an integral part in the process as important as proliferation, differentiation, or defense. While at first sight, the extracellular matrices of plant and animals do not have much in common, a closer look reveals remarkable similarities. In particular, the proteins involved in the adhesion of the cell to the extracellular matrix share many functional properties. At the sequence level, however, a surprising lack of homology is found between adhesion-related proteins of plants and animals. Both protein machineries only reveal similarities between small subdomains and motifs, which further underlines their functional relationship. In this review, we provide an overview on the similarities between motifs in proteins known to be located at the plant cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interface to proteins of the animal adhesome. We also show that by comparing the proteome of both adhesion machineries at the level of motifs, we are also able to identify potentially new candidate proteins that functionally contribute to the adhesion of the plant plasma membrane to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Langhans
- Membrane Dynamics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wadim Weber
- Membrane Dynamics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Babel
- Membrane Dynamics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Miriam Grunewald
- Membrane Dynamics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Membrane Dynamics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Genome-wide analysis of lectin receptor-like kinases in Populus. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:699. [PMID: 27580945 PMCID: PMC5007699 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) belong to a large protein family with over 600 members in Arabidopsis and over 1000 in rice. Among RLKs, the lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) possess a characteristic extracellular carbohydrate-binding lectin domain and play important roles in plant development and innate immunity. There are 75 and 173 LecRLKs in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. However, little is known about LecRLKs in perennial woody plants. Results Here we report the genome-wide analysis of classification, domain architecture and expression of LecRLKs in the perennial woody model plant Populus. We found that the LecRLK family has expanded in Populus to a total of 231, including 180 G-type, 50 L-type and 1 C-type LecRLKs. Expansion of the Populus LecRLKs (PtLecRLKs) occurred partially through tandem duplication. Based on domain architecture and orientation features, we classified PtLecRLKs into eight different classes. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics analysis revealed diverse expression patterns of PtLecRLK genes among leaves, stems, roots, buds and reproductive tissues and organs. Conclusions This study offers a comprehensive view of LecRLKs in the perennial woody model plant Populus and provides a foundation for functional characterization of this important family of receptor-like kinases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3026-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Shumayla, Sharma S, Pandey AK, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Molecular Characterization and Global Expression Analysis of Lectin Receptor Kinases in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153925. [PMID: 27111449 PMCID: PMC4844157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin receptor kinases (LRKs) play a critical role in plants during development and stress conditions, but a comprehensive analysis at genome level is still not carried out in Triticum aestivum. Herein, we performed the genome wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of these genes in T. aestivum (TaLRK). In-total 263 TaLRK genes were identified, which were further classified into three groups based on the nature of lectin domain. We identified, two TaLRKs consisted of calcium-dependent lectin (C-LRK), while 84 legume-lectin (L-LRK) and 177 bulb-lectin (B-LRK) domains. The L-LRK and B-LRK genes were distributed throughout the genome of T. aestivum. Most of the TaLRKs were clustered as homologs, which were distributed either in proximity on same chromosome or on homoeologous chromosomes of A, B and D sub-genomes. A total of 9 and 58 duplication events were also predicted in L-LRK and B-LRK, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated conserved evolutionary relationship of homologous and orthologous genes from multiple plant species. Gene ontology analysis indicated TaLRKs role in binding, signaling and receptor activities. Most of the TaLRKs consisted of a trans-membrane domain and predicted to be localized in the plasma-membrane. A diverse expression pattern of TaLRK genes was found in various developmental stages and stress conditions. Some TaLRKs were found to be highly affected during a particular stress, which indicated a specialized role of each LRK gene in a specific stress condition. These results described various characteristic feature and expression pattern of TaLRK genes, which will pave the way for functional characterization in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumayla
- Deparment of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali, Punjab, India, 160071l
| | - Ajay K. Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali, Punjab, India, 160071l
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
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Van Holle S, Van Damme EJM. Distribution and evolution of the lectin family in soybean (Glycine max). Molecules 2015; 20:2868-91. [PMID: 25679048 PMCID: PMC6272470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a diverse group of proteins that bind specific carbohydrates and are found throughout all kingdoms. In plants, lectins are involved in a range of important processes such as plant defense and stress signaling. Although the genome sequence of Glycine max (soybean) has been published, little is known about the abundance and expansion patterns of lectin genes in soybean. Using BLAST and hidden Markov models, a total of 359 putative lectin genes have been identified. Furthermore, these sequences could be classified in nine of the twelve plant lectin families identified today. Analysis of the domain organization demonstrated that most of the identified lectin genes encode chimerolectins, consisting of one or multiple lectin domains combined with other known protein domains. Both tandem and segmental duplication events have contributed to the expansion of the lectin gene family. These data provide a detailed understanding of the domain architecture and molecular evolution of the lectin gene family in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Holle
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Extracellular ATP, a danger signal, is recognized by DORN1 in Arabidopsis. Biochem J 2014; 463:429-37. [PMID: 25301072 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ATP, the universal energy currency of all organisms, is released into the extracellular matrix and serves as a signal among cells, where it is referred to as an extracellular ATP. Although a signalling role for extracellular ATP has been well studied in mammals over the last 40 years, investigations of such a role in plants are at an early stage. Recently, the first plant receptor for extracellular ATP, DOes not Respond to Nucleotides (DORN1), was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by mutant screening. DORN1 encodes a legume-type lectin receptor kinase that is structurally distinct from the mammalian extracellular ATP receptors. In the present review, we highlight the genetic and biochemical evidence for the role of DORN1 in extracellular ATP signalling, placing this within the wider context of extracellular ATP signalling during plant stress responses.
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Lannoo N, Van Damme EJM. Lectin domains at the frontiers of plant defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:397. [PMID: 25165467 PMCID: PMC4131498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are under constant attack from pathogens and herbivorous insects. To protect and defend themselves, plants evolved a multi-layered surveillance system, known as the innate immune system. Plants sense their encounters upon perception of conserved microbial structures and damage-associated patterns using cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors. Plant lectins and proteins with one or more lectin domains represent a major part of these receptors. The whole group of plant lectins comprises an elaborate collection of proteins capable of recognizing and interacting with specific carbohydrate structures, either originating from the invading organisms or from damaged plant cell wall structures. Due to the vast diversity in protein structures, carbohydrate recognition domains and glycan binding specificities, plant lectins constitute a very diverse protein superfamily. In the last decade, new types of nucleocytoplasmic plant lectins have been identified and characterized, in particular lectins expressed inside the nucleus and the cytoplasm of plant cells often as part of a specific plant response upon exposure to different stress factors or changing environmental conditions. In this review, we provide an overview on plant lectin motifs used in the constant battle against pathogens and predators during plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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27
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Cheng X, Wu Y, Guo J, Du B, Chen R, Zhu L, He G. A rice lectin receptor-like kinase that is involved in innate immune responses also contributes to seed germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:687-98. [PMID: 24033867 PMCID: PMC4285754 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and innate immunity both have significant effects on plant life spans because they control the plant's entry into the ecosystem and provide defenses against various external stresses, respectively. Much ecological evidence has shown that seeds with high vigor are generally more tolerant of various environmental stimuli in the field than those with low vigor. However, there is little genetic evidence linking germination and immunity in plants. Here, we show that the rice lectin receptor-like kinase OslecRK contributes to both seed germination and plant innate immunity. We demonstrate that knocking down the OslecRK gene depresses the expression of α-amylase genes, reducing seed viability and thereby decreasing the rate of seed germination. Moreover, it also inhibits the expression of defense genes, and so reduces the resistance of rice plants to fungal and bacterial pathogens as well as herbivorous insects. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that OslecRK interacts with an actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) in vivo via its kinase domain. Moreover, the rice adf mutant exhibited a reduced seed germination rate due to the suppression of α-amylase gene expression. This mutant also exhibited depressed immune responses and reduced resistance to biotic stresses. Our results thus provide direct genetic evidence for a common physiological pathway connecting germination and immunity in plants. They also partially explain the common observation that high-vigor seeds often perform well in the field. The dual effects of OslecRK may be indicative of progressive adaptive evolution in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, 430072, China
- For correspondence (e-mail )
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Vaid N, Macovei A, Tuteja N. Knights in action: lectin receptor-like kinases in plant development and stress responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1405-18. [PMID: 23430046 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK (LecRLK) family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stress perception. All the LecRLKs possess three domains: an N-terminal lectin domain, an intermediate transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain. On the basis of lectin domain variability, LecRLKs have been subgrouped into three subclasses: L-, G-, and C-type LecRLKs. While the previous studies on LecRLKs were dedicated to classification, comparative structural analysis and expression analysis by promoter-based studies, most of the recent studies on LecRLKs have laid special emphasis on the potential of this gene family in regulating biotic/abiotic stress and developmental pathways in plants, thus making the prospects of studying the LecRLK-mediated regulatory mechanism exceptionally promising. In this review, we have described in detail the LecRLK gene family with respect to a historical, evolutionary, and structural point of view. Furthermore, we have laid emphasis on the LecRLKs roles in development, stress conditions, and hormonal response. We have also discussed the exciting research prospects offered by the current knowledge on the LecRLK gene family. The multitude of the LecRLK gene family members and their functional diversity mark these genes as both interesting and worthy candidates for further analysis, especially in the field of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vaid
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Huang P, Ju HW, Min JH, Zhang X, Kim SH, Yang KY, Kim CS. Overexpression of L-type lectin-like protein kinase 1 confers pathogen resistance and regulates salinity response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 203-204:98-106. [PMID: 23415333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor-like protein kinases are thought to be involved in various cellular processes mediated by signal transduction pathways. There are about 45 lectin receptor kinases in Arabidopsis, but only a few have been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of the disruption and overexpression of a plasma membrane-localized L-type lectin-like protein kinase 1, AtLPK1 (At4g02410), on plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Expression of AtLPK1 was strongly induced by abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and stress treatments. Overexpression of AtLPK1 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced seed germination and cotyledon greening under high salinity condition, while antisense transgenic lines were more sensitive to salt stress. Activity of three abiotic stress responsive genes, RD29A, RD29B and COR15A, was elevated in AtLPK1-overexpressing plants than that in wild type (WT) plants with salt treatment, whereas the transcript level of these genes in antisense plants decreased compared with WT. Furthermore, AtLPK1-overexpressing plants displayed increased resistance to infection by Botrytis cinerea and exhibited stronger expression of a group of defense-related genes than did WT. The data implicates AtLPK1 plays essential roles at both abiotic and biotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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30
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Vaid N, Pandey PK, Tuteja N. Genome-wide analysis of lectin receptor-like kinase family from Arabidopsis and rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 80:365-88. [PMID: 22936328 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are class of membrane proteins found in higher plants that are involved in diverse functions ranging from plant growth and development to stress tolerance. The basic structure of LecRLK protein comprises of a lectin and a kinase domain, which are interconnected by transmembrane region. Here we have identified LecRLKs from Arabidopsis and rice and studied these proteins on the basis of their expression profile and phylogenies. We were able to identify 32 G-type, 42 L-type and 1 C-type LecRLKs from Arabidopsis and 72 L-type, 100 G-type and 1 C-type LecRLKs from rice on the basis of their annotation and presence of lectin as well kinase domains. The whole family is rather intron-less. We have sub-grouped the gene family on the basis of their phylogram. Although on the basis of sequence the members of each group are closely associated but their functions vary to a great extent. The interacting partners and coexpression data of the genes revealed the importance of gene family in physiology and stress related responses. An in-depth analysis on gene-expression suggested clear demarcation in roles assigned to each gene. To gain additional knowledge about the LecRLK gene family, we searched for previously unreported motifs and checked their importance structurally on the basis of homology modelling. The analysis revealed that the gene family has important roles in diverse functions in plants, both in the developmental stages and in stress conditions. This study thus opens the possibility to explore the roles that LecRLKs might play in life of a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vaid
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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31
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Kovalchuk NV, Melnykova NM, Musatenko LI. Role of phytolectin in the life cycle of plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.00004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Kovalchuk
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - N. M. Melnykova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - L. I. Musatenko
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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32
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Lefebvre B, Klaus-Heisen D, Pietraszewska-Bogiel A, Hervé C, Camut S, Auriac MC, Gasciolli V, Nurisso A, Gadella TWJ, Cullimore J. Role of N-glycosylation sites and CXC motifs in trafficking of medicago truncatula Nod factor perception protein to plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10812-23. [PMID: 22334694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.281634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysin motif receptor-like kinase, NFP (Nod factor perception), is a key protein in the legume Medicago truncatula for the perception of lipochitooligosaccharidic Nod factors, which are secreted bacterial signals essential for establishing the nitrogen-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Predicted structural and genetic analyses strongly suggest that NFP is at least part of a Nod factor receptor, but few data are available about this protein. Characterization of a variant encoded by the mutant allele nfp-2 revealed the sensitivity of this protein to the endoplasmic reticulum quality control mechanisms, affecting its trafficking to the plasma membrane. Further analysis revealed that the extensive N-glycosylation of the protein is not essential for biological activity. In the NFP extracellular region, two CXC motifs and two other Cys residues were found to be involved in disulfide bridges, and these are necessary for correct folding and localization of the protein. Analysis of the intracellular region revealed its importance for biological activity but suggests that it does not rely on kinase activity. This work shows that NFP trafficking to the plasma membrane is highly sensitive to regulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and has identified structural features of the protein, particularly disulfide bridges involving CXC motifs in the extracellular region that are required for its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lefebvre
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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33
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Hwang IS, Hwang BK. The pepper mannose-binding lectin gene CaMBL1 is required to regulate cell death and defense responses to microbial pathogens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:447-63. [PMID: 21205632 PMCID: PMC3075774 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.164848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) are crucial for plant defense signaling during pathogen attack by recognizing specific carbohydrates on pathogen surfaces. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized a novel pepper (Capsicum annuum) MBL gene, CaMBL1, from pepper leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv). The CaMBL1 gene contains a predicted Galanthus nivalis agglutinin-related lectin domain responsible for the recognition of high-mannose N-glycans but lacks a middle S-locus glycoprotein domain and a carboxyl-terminal PAN-Apple domain. The CaMBL1 protein exhibits binding specificity for mannose and is mainly localized to the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting using a CaMBL1-specific antibody revealed that CaMBL1 is strongly expressed and accumulates in pepper leaves during avirulent Xcv infection. The transient expression of CaMBL1 induces the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), the activation of defense-related genes, and the cell death phenotype in pepper. The G. nivalis agglutinin-related lectin domain of CaMBL1 is responsible for cell death induction. CaMBL1-silenced pepper plants are more susceptible to virulent or avirulent Xcv infection compared with unsilenced control plants, a phenotype that is accompanied by lowered reactive oxygen species accumulation, reduced expression of downstream SA target genes, and a concomitant decrease in SA accumulation. In contrast, CaMBL1 overexpression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) confers enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato and Alternaria brassicicola infection. Together, these data suggest that CaMBL1 plays a key role in the regulation of plant cell death and defense responses through the induction of downstream defense-related genes and SA accumulation after the recognition of microbial pathogens.
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Mbengue M, Camut S, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Deslandes L, Froidure S, Klaus-Heisen D, Moreau S, Rivas S, Timmers T, Hervé C, Cullimore J, Lefebvre B. The Medicago truncatula E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB1 interacts with the LYK3 symbiotic receptor and negatively regulates infection and nodulation. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:3474-88. [PMID: 20971894 PMCID: PMC2990133 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
LYK3 is a lysin motif receptor-like kinase of Medicago truncatula, which is essential for the establishment of the nitrogen-fixing, root nodule symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti. LYK3 is a putative receptor of S. meliloti Nod factor signals, but little is known of how it is regulated and how it transduces these symbiotic signals. In a screen for LYK3-interacting proteins, we identified M. truncatula Plant U-box protein 1 (PUB1) as an interactor of the kinase domain. In planta, both proteins are localized and interact in the plasma membrane. In M. truncatula, PUB1 is expressed specifically in symbiotic conditions, is induced by Nod factors, and shows an overlapping expression pattern with LYK3 during nodulation. Biochemical studies show that PUB1 has a U-box-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is phosphorylated by the LYK3 kinase domain. Overexpression and RNA interference studies in M. truncatula show that PUB1 is a negative regulator of the LYK3 signaling pathway leading to infection and nodulation and is important for the discrimination of rhizobia strains producing variant Nod factors. The potential role of PUB E3 ubiquitin ligases in controlling plant-microbe interactions and development through interacting with receptor-like kinases is discussed.
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Jiang SY, Ma Z, Ramachandran S. Evolutionary history and stress regulation of the lectin superfamily in higher plants. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:79. [PMID: 20236552 PMCID: PMC2846932 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins are a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins. They play roles in various biological processes. However, little is known about their evolutionary history and their functions in plant stress regulation. The availability of full genome sequences from various plant species makes it possible to perform a whole-genome exploration for further understanding their biological functions. RESULTS Higher plant genomes encode large numbers of lectin proteins. Based on their domain structures and phylogenetic analyses, a new classification system has been proposed. In this system, 12 different families have been classified and four of them consist of recently identified plant lectin members. Further analyses show that some of lectin families exhibit species-specific expansion and rapid birth-and-death evolution. Tandem and segmental duplications have been regarded as the major mechanisms to drive lectin expansion although retrogenes also significantly contributed to the birth of new lectin genes in soybean and rice. Evidence shows that lectin genes have been involved in biotic/abiotic stress regulations and tandem/segmental duplications may be regarded as drivers for plants to adapt various environmental stresses through duplication followed by expression divergence. Each member of this gene superfamily may play specialized roles in a specific stress condition and function as a regulator of various environmental factors such as cold, drought and high salinity as well as biotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide a new outline of the plant lectin gene superfamily and advance the understanding of plant lectin genes in lineage-specific expansion and their functions in biotic/abiotic stress-related developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ye Jiang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, the National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, the National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, the National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
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36
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Joshi A, Dang HQ, Vaid N, Tuteja N. Pea lectin receptor-like kinase promotes high salinity stress tolerance in bacteria and expresses in response to stress in planta. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:133-50. [PMID: 19898933 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The plant lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are involved in various signaling pathways but their role in salinity stress tolerance has not heretofore been well described. Salinity stress negatively affects plant growth/productivity and threatens food security worldwide. Based on functional gene-mining assay, we have isolated 34 salinity tolerant genes out of one million Escherichia coli (SOLR) transformants containing pea cDNAs grown in 0.8 M NaCl. Sequence analysis of one of these revealed homology to LecRLK, which possesses N-myristilation and N-glycosylation sites thus corroborating the protein to be a glycoconjugate. The homology based computational modeling of the kinase domain suggested high degree of conservation with the protein already known to be stress responsive in plants. The NaCl tolerance provided by PsLecRLK to the above bacteria was further confirmed in E. coli (DH5alpha). In planta studies showed that the expression of PsLecRLK cDNA was significantly upregulated in response to NaCl as compared to K(+) and Li(+) ions, suggesting the Na(+) ion specific response. Transcript of the PsLecRLK gene accumulates mainly in roots and shoots. The purified 47 kDa recombinant PsLecRLK-KD (kinase domain) protein has been shown to phosphorylate general substrates like MBP and casein. This study not only suggests the conservation of the cellular response to high salinity stress across prokaryotes and plant kingdom but also provides impetus to develop novel concepts for better understanding of mechanism of stress tolerance in bacteria and plants. It also opens up new avenues for studying practical aspects of plant salinity tolerance for enhanced agricultural productivity.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Amino Acid Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Escherichia coli/physiology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pisum sativum/enzymology
- Pisum sativum/genetics
- Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/isolation & purification
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Mitogen/chemistry
- Receptors, Mitogen/genetics
- Receptors, Mitogen/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Salinity
- Salt-Tolerant Plants/enzymology
- Salt-Tolerant Plants/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Joshi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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37
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Bouwmeester K, Govers F. Arabidopsis L-type lectin receptor kinases: phylogeny, classification, and expression profiles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:4383-96. [PMID: 19773388 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In plants, lectin receptor kinases are considered to play crucial roles during development and in the adaptive response to various stimuli. Arabidopsis lectin receptor kinases can be divided into three type-classes based on sequence similarity of their extracellular lectin motifs. The current study focuses on the legume-like lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs), which are regarded as ideal candidates for monitoring cell wall integrity and are possibly functional in adaptive responses. An inventory of the Arabidopsis LecRK gene family is presented here. It consists of 45 members including three that were recently identified; two encode N-terminal truncated variants one of which has two in tandem kinase domains. Phylogenetic trees derived from full-length amino acid sequence alignments were highly concordant to phylograms that were purely based on lectin motifs or kinase domains. The phylograms allowed reclassification of the LecRK genes and hence a new proposal for gene nomenclature was suggested. In addition, a comprehensive expression analysis was executed by exploring public repositories. This revealed that several LecRK genes are differentially expressed during plant growth and development. Moreover, multiple LecRKs appear to be induced upon treatment with elicitors and pathogen infection. Variation in gene expression was also analysed in seedlings of diverse Arabidopsis accessions. Taken together, this study provides a genome-wide overview of the LecRK gene family and an up-to-date classification using a novel and systematic gene nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen and Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, The Netherlands
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De Hoff PL, Brill LM, Hirsch AM. Plant lectins: the ties that bind in root symbiosis and plant defense. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 282:1-15. [PMID: 19488786 PMCID: PMC2695554 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a diverse group of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are found within and associated with organisms from all kingdoms of life. Several different classes of plant lectins serve a diverse array of functions. The most prominent of these include participation in plant defense against predators and pathogens and involvement in symbiotic interactions between host plants and symbiotic microbes, including mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Extensive biological, biochemical, and molecular studies have shed light on the functions of plant lectins, and a plethora of uncharacterized lectin genes are being revealed at the genomic scale, suggesting unexplored and novel diversity in plant lectin structure and function. Integration of the results from these different types of research is beginning to yield a more detailed understanding of the function of lectins in symbiosis, defense, and plant biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L De Hoff
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Xin Z, Wang A, Yang G, Gao P, Zheng ZL. The Arabidopsis A4 subfamily of lectin receptor kinases negatively regulates abscisic acid response in seed germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:434-44. [PMID: 18987212 PMCID: PMC2613733 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.130583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone for a wide array of growth and developmental processes and stress responses, but the mechanism of ABA signal perception on the plasma membrane remains to be dissected. A previous GeneChip analysis revealed that a member of the A4 subfamily of lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), At5g01540 (designated LecRKA4.1), is up-regulated in response to a low dose of ABA in the rop10-1 background. Here, we present functional evidence to support its role in ABA response. LecRKA4.1 is expressed in seeds and leaves but not in roots, and the protein is localized to the plasma membrane. A T-DNA knockout mutant, lecrka4.1-1, slightly enhanced ABA inhibition of seed germination. Interestingly, LecRKA4.1 is adjacent to two other members of the A4 subfamily of LecRK genes, At5g01550 (LecRKA4.2) and At5g01560 (LecRKA4.3). We found that loss-of-function mutants of LecRKA4.2 and LecRKA4.3 exhibited similarly weak enhancement of ABA response in seed germination inhibition. Furthermore, LecRKA4.2 suppression by RNA interference in lecrka4.1-1 showed stronger ABA inhibition of seed germination than lecrka4.1-1, while the response to gibberellic acid was not affected in lecrka4.1-1 and lecrka4.1-1; LecRKA4.2 (RNAi) lines. Expression studies, together with network-based analysis, suggest that LecRKA4.1 and LecRKA4.2 regulate some of the ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the A4 subfamily of LecRKs has a redundant function in the negative regulation of ABA response in seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
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Kanzaki H, Saitoh H, Takahashi Y, Berberich T, Ito A, Kamoun S, Terauchi R. NbLRK1, a lectin-like receptor kinase protein of Nicotiana benthamiana, interacts with Phytophthora infestans INF1 elicitin and mediates INF1-induced cell death. PLANTA 2008; 228:977-87. [PMID: 18682978 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans INF1 elicitin causes the hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana (Kamoun et al. in Plant Cell 10:1413-1425, 1998). To identify N. benthamiana proteins that interact with INF1, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen. This screen resulted in the isolation of a gene NbLRK1 coding for a novel lectin-like receptor kinase. NbLRK1 interacted with INF1 through its VIb kinase subdomain. Purified INF1 and NbLRK1 proteins also interacted in vitro. INF1 treatment of N. benthamiana leaves induced autophosphorylation of NbLRK1. Most importantly, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of NbLRK1 delayed INF1-mediated HR in N. benthamiana. These data suggest that NbLRK1 is a component of the N. benthamiana protein complex that recognizes INF1 elicitor and transduces the HR signal.
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Babosha AV. Inducible lectins and plant resistance to pathogens and abiotic stress. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:812-25. [PMID: 18707590 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lectin concentration (activity) increases in plant tissues upon infection by pathogens, in response to abiotic stress, as well as during growth and development of tissues. Such a broad range of events accompanied by accumulation of lectins is indicative of their involvement in regulation of integral processes in plant cells. Data concerning the role of lectins in regulation of oxidative stress and stress-induced cytoskeleton rearrangements are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Babosha
- Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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Ay N, Clauss K, Barth O, Humbeck K. Identification and characterization of novel senescence-associated genes from barley (Hordeum vulgare) primary leaves. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2008; 10 Suppl 1:121-35. [PMID: 18721317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final developmental stage of a leaf. The progression of barley primary leaf senescence was followed by measuring the senescence-specific decrease in chlorophyll content and photosystem II efficiency. In order to isolate novel factors involved in leaf senescence, a differential display approach with mRNA populations from young and senescing primary barley leaves was applied. In this approach, 90 senescence up-regulated cDNAs were identified. Nine of these clones were, after sequence analyses, further characterized. The senescence-associated expression was confirmed by Northern analyses or quantitative RealTime-PCR. In addition, involvement of the phytohormones ethylene and abscisic acid in regulation of these nine novel senescence-induced cDNA fragments was investigated. Two cDNA clones showed homologies to genes with a putative regulatory function. Two clones possessed high homologies to barley retroelements, and five clones may be involved in degradation or transport processes. One of these genes was further analysed. It encodes an ADP ribosylation factor 1-like protein (HvARF1) and includes sequence motifs representing a myristoylation site and four typical and well conserved ARF-like protein domains. The localization of the protein was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy of onion epidermal cells after particle bombardment with chimeric HvARF1-GFP constructs. Possible physiological roles of these nine novel SAGs during barley leaf senescence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ay
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle, Germany
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Wan J, Patel A, Mathieu M, Kim SY, Xu D, Stacey G. A lectin receptor-like kinase is required for pollen development in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 67:469-482. [PMID: 18392777 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (Lectin RLKs) are a large family of receptor-like kinases with an extracellular legume lectin-like domain. There are approximately 45 such receptor kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, although receptor-like kinases in general are well investigated in Arabidopsis, relatively little is known about the functions of members of the Lectin RLK family. A number of studies implicated members of this family in various functions, such as disease resistance, stress responses, hormone signaling, and legume-rhizobium symbiosis. Our current work demonstrated that mutation in one Lectin RLK gene led to male sterility in Arabidopsis. The sterility was due to defects in pollen development. Pollen development proceeded normally in the mutant until anther stage 8. After that, all pollen grains deformed and collapsed. Mature pollen grains were much smaller than wild-type pollen grains, glued together, and totally collapsed. Therefore, the mutant was named sgc, standing for small, glued-together, and collapsed pollen mutant. The mutant phenotype appeared to be caused by an unidentified sporophytic defect due to the mutation. As revealed by analysis of the promoter-GUS transgenic plants and the gene expression analysis using RT-PCR, the gene showed an interesting temporal and spatial expression pattern: it had no or a low expression in young flowers (roughly before anther stage 6), reached a maximum level around stages 6-7, and then declined gradually to a very low level in young siliques. No expression was detected in microspores or pollen. Together, our data demonstrated that SGC Lectin RLK plays a critical role in pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wan
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Multiplicity of carbohydrate-binding sites in β-prism fold lectins: occurrence and possible evolutionary implications. J Biosci 2007; 32:1089-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-007-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sasabe M, Naito K, Suenaga H, Ikeda T, Toyoda K, Inagaki Y, Shiraishi T, Ichinose Y. Elicitin-responsive lectin-like receptor kinase genes in BY-2 cells. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2007; 18:152-9. [PMID: 17364827 DOI: 10.1080/10425170601060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of elicitor-induced plant defense responses by the protein kinase inhibitors K252a and staurosporine indicates that defense responses require protein phosphorylation. We isolated a cDNA clone encoding Nicotiana tabacum lectin-like receptor protein kinase 1 (NtlecRK1), an elicitor-responsive gene; in tobacco bright yellow (BY-2) cells by a differential display method. NtlecRK forms a gene family with at least three members in tobacco. All three NtlecRK genes potentially encode the N-terminal legume lectin domain, transmembrane domain and C-terminal Ser/Thr-type protein kinase domain. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion showed that the NtlecRK1 protein was located on the plasma membrane. In addition, NtlecRK1 and 3 were responsive to INF1 elicitin and the bacterial elicitor harpin. These results indicate that NtlecRKs are membrane-located protein kinases that are induced during defense responses in BY-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology & Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Bhushan D, Pandey A, Chattopadhyay A, Choudhary MK, Chakraborty S, Datta A, Chakraborty N. Extracellular Matrix Proteome of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Illustrates Pathway Abundance, Novel Protein Functions and Evolutionary Perspect. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1711-20. [PMID: 16823979 DOI: 10.1021/pr060116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) or cell wall is a dynamic system and serves as the first line mediator in cell signaling to perceive and transmit extra- and intercellular signals in many pathways. Although ECM is a conserved compartment ubiquitously present throughout evolution, a compositional variation does exist among different organisms. ECM proteins account for 10% of the ECM mass, however, comprise several hundreds of different molecules with diverse functions. To understand the function of ECM proteins, we have developed the cell wall proteome of a crop legume, chickpea (Cicer arietinum). This comprehensive overview of the proteome would provide a basis for future comparative proteomic efforts for this important crop. Proteomic analyses revealed new ECM proteins of unknown functions vis-à-vis the presence of many known cell wall proteins. In addition, we report here evidence for the presence of unexpected proteins with known biochemical activities, which have never been associated with ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Bhushan
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Chen X, Shang J, Chen D, Lei C, Zou Y, Zhai W, Liu G, Xu J, Ling Z, Cao G, Ma B, Wang Y, Zhao X, Li S, Zhu L. A B-lectin receptor kinase gene conferring rice blast resistance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:794-804. [PMID: 16709195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice worldwide. The dominant resistance gene, Pi-d2 [previously named Pi-d(t)2], present in the rice variety Digu, confers gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain, ZB15. Pi-d2 was previously mapped close to the centromere of chromosome 6. In this study, the Pi-d2 gene was isolated by a map-based cloning strategy. Pi-d2 encodes a receptor-like kinase protein with a predicted extracellular domain of a bulb-type mannose specific binding lectin (B-lectin) and an intracellular serine-threonine kinase domain. Pi-d2 is a single-copy gene that is constitutively expressed in the rice variety Digu. Transgenic plants carrying the Pi-d2 transgene confer race-specific resistance to the M. grisea strain, ZB15. The Pi-d2 protein is plasma membrane localized. A single amino acid difference at position 441 of Pi-d2 distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2. Because of its novel extracellular domain, Pi-d2 represents a new class of plant resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Mulder L, Lefebvre B, Cullimore J, Imberty A. LysM domains of Medicago truncatula NFP protein involved in Nod factor perception. Glycosylation state, molecular modeling and docking of chitooligosaccharides and Nod factors. Glycobiology 2006; 16:801-9. [PMID: 16723404 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the symbiosis between legume plants and rhizobial bacteria depends on the production of rhizobial lipo-chitooligosaccharidic signals (the Nod factors) that are specifically recognized by roots of the host plant. In Medicago truncatula, specific recognition of Sinorhizobium meliloti and its Nod factors requires the NFP (Nod factor perception) gene, which encodes a putative serine/threonine receptor-like kinase (RLK). The extracellular region of this protein contains three tandem lysin motifs (LysMs), a short peptide domain that is implicated in peptidoglycan or chitin binding in various bacterial or eukaryotic proteins, respectively. We report here the homology modeling of the three LysM domains of M. truncatula NFP based on the structure of a LysM domain of the Escherichia coli membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosidase D (MltD). Expression of NFP in a homologous system (M. truncatula roots) revealed that the protein is highly N-glycosylated, probably with both high-mannose and complex glycans. Surface analysis and docking calculations performed on the models of the three domains were used to predict the most favored binding modes for chitooligosaccharides and Nod factors. A convergent model can be proposed where the sulfated, O-acetylated lipo-chitooligosaccharidic Nod factor of S. meliloti binds in similar orientation to the three LysM domains of M. truncatula NFP. N-glycosylation is not expected to interfere with Nod factor binding in this orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke Mulder
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, CNRS (affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier), 601 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Gouget A, Senchou V, Govers F, Sanson A, Barre A, Rougé P, Pont-Lezica R, Canut H. Lectin receptor kinases participate in protein-protein interactions to mediate plasma membrane-cell wall adhesions in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 140:81-90. [PMID: 16361528 PMCID: PMC1326033 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.066464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plant cell walls and plasma membranes are essential for cells to function properly, but the molecules that mediate the structural continuity between wall and membrane are unknown. Some of these interactions, which are visualized upon tissue plasmolysis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), are disrupted by the RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) tripeptide sequence, a characteristic cell adhesion motif in mammals. In planta induced-O (IPI-O) is an RGD-containing protein from the plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans that can disrupt cell wall-plasma membrane adhesions through its RGD motif. To identify peptide sequences that specifically bind the RGD motif of the IPI-O protein and potentially play a role in receptor recognition, we screened a heptamer peptide library displayed in a filamentous phage and selected two peptides acting as inhibitors of the plasma membrane RGD-binding activity of Arabidopsis. Moreover, the two peptides also disrupted cell wall-plasma membrane adhesions. Sequence comparison of the RGD-binding peptides with the Arabidopsis proteome revealed 12 proteins containing amino acid sequences in their extracellular domains common with the two RGD-binding peptides. Eight belong to the receptor-like kinase family, four of which have a lectin-like extracellular domain. The lectin domain of one of these, At5g60300, recognized the RGD motif both in peptides and proteins. These results imply that lectin receptor kinases are involved in protein-protein interactions with RGD-containing proteins as potential ligands, and play a structural and signaling role at the plant cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gouget
- Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paul Sabatier, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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André S, Siebert HC, Nishiguchi M, Tazaki K, Gabius HJ. Evidence for lectin activity of a plant receptor-like protein kinase by application of neoglycoproteins and bioinformatic algorithms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1725:222-32. [PMID: 15878637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Detection of genes for putative receptor-like protein kinases, which contain an extracellular domain related to leguminous lectins, in plant genomes inspired the hypothesis that this part acts as sensor. Initial support for this concept came from proof for protein kinase activity. The next step, focusing on the protein of lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica), is scrutiny for lectin activity. Consequently, we first pinpointed sets of high-scoring sequence pairs by extensive databank search. The calculations resulted in P-values in the range from 10(-14) to 10(-18) exclusively for leguminous lectins, the Pterocarpus angolensis agglutinin being front runner with P=3 x 10(-18) and thus most suitable template for modeling. The superimposition of the two folds gave notable similarity in the region responsible for binding carbohydrate and Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ions. Binding activity toward carbohydrates was detected by assaying a panel of (neo)glycoproteins as polyvalent probes, especially for alpha-l-rhamnose and glycans of asialofetuin. It was strictly dependent on Ca(2+)-ions, enhanced by Mn(2+)-ions and reached a K(D)-value of 34.3 nM for the neoglycoprotein with rhamnose as ligand. These results give further research direction to define physiological ligands, plant/bacterial rhamnose-containing saccharides and rhamnose-mimetic glycans or peptides being potential candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany.
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