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Yuan D, Wu X, Jiang X, Gong B, Gao H. Types of Membrane Transporters and the Mechanisms of Interaction between Them and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:221. [PMID: 38397819 PMCID: PMC10886204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are proteins that mediate the entry and exit of substances through the plasma membrane and organellar membranes and are capable of recognizing and binding to specific substances, thereby facilitating substance transport. Membrane transporters are divided into different types, e.g., ion transporters, sugar transporters, amino acid transporters, and aquaporins, based on the substances they transport. These membrane transporters inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through ion regulation, sugar and amino acid transport, hormone induction, and other mechanisms. They can also promote enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions in plants, activate antioxidant enzyme activity, and promote ROS scavenging. Moreover, membrane transporters can transport plant growth regulators, solute proteins, redox potential regulators, and other substances involved in ROS metabolism through corresponding metabolic pathways, ultimately achieving ROS homeostasis in plants. In turn, ROS, as signaling molecules, can affect the activity of membrane transporters under abiotic stress through collaboration with ions and involvement in hormone metabolic pathways. The research described in this review provides a theoretical basis for improving plant stress resistance, promoting plant growth and development, and breeding high-quality plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (D.Y.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (B.G.)
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2
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Niaz M, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yan X, Yuan M, Cheng Y, Lv G, Fadlalla T, Zhao L, Sun C, Chen F. Genetic and molecular basis of carotenoid metabolism in cereals. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:63. [PMID: 36939900 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are vital pigments for higher plants and play a crucial function in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Carotenoids are precursors of vitamin A synthesis and contribute to human nutrition and health. However, cereal grain endosperm contains a minor carotenoid measure and a scarce supply of provitamin A content. Therefore, improving the carotenoids in cereal grain is of major importance. Carotenoid content is governed by multiple candidate genes with their additive effects. Studies on genes related to carotenoid metabolism in cereals would increase the knowledge of potential metabolic steps of carotenoids and enhance the quality of crop plants. Recognizing the metabolism and carotenoid accumulation in various staple cereal crops over the last few decades has broadened our perspective on the interdisciplinary regulation of carotenogenesis. Meanwhile, the amelioration in metabolic engineering approaches has been exploited to step up the level of carotenoid and valuable industrial metabolites in many crops, but wheat is still considerable in this matter. In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of the consequences of biosynthetic and catabolic genes on carotenoid biosynthesis, current improvements in regulatory disciplines of carotenogenesis, and metabolic engineering of carotenoids. A panoptic and deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism and genetic manipulation (genome selection and gene editing) will be useful in improving the carotenoid content of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Niaz
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiangning Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Minjie Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - YongZhen Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guoguo Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tarig Fadlalla
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Faculty of Agriculture, Nile valley University, Atbara, 346, Sudan
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Congwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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3
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Hong K, Yao Q, Golding JB, Pristijiono P, Zhang X, Hou X, Yuan D, Li Y, Chen L, Song K, Chen J. Low temperature storage alleviates internal browning of ‘Comte de Paris’ winter pineapple fruit by reducing phospholipid degradation, phosphatidic acid accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation processes. Food Chem 2023; 404:134656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu P, Wu X, Gong B, Lü G, Li J, Gao H. Review of the Mechanisms by Which Transcription Factors and Exogenous Substances Regulate ROS Metabolism under Abiotic Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2106. [PMID: 36358478 PMCID: PMC9686556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that regulate many biological processes in plants. However, excess ROS induced by biotic and abiotic stresses can destroy biological macromolecules and cause oxidative damage to plants. As the global environment continues to deteriorate, plants inevitably experience abiotic stress. Therefore, in-depth exploration of ROS metabolism and an improved understanding of its regulatory mechanisms are of great importance for regulating cultivated plant growth and developing cultivars that are resilient to abiotic stresses. This review presents current research on the generation and scavenging of ROS in plants and summarizes recent progress in elucidating transcription factor-mediated regulation of ROS metabolism. Most importantly, the effects of applying exogenous substances on ROS metabolism and the potential regulatory mechanisms at play under abiotic stress are summarized. Given the important role of ROS in plants and other organisms, our findings provide insights for optimizing cultivation patterns and for improving plant stress tolerance and growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guiyun Lü
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Kaur Dhaliwal L, Gannaban RB, Shrestha A, Shim J, Kaur Mangat P, Singleton JJ, Angeles‐Shim RB. Integrated morpho-biochemical and transcriptome analyses reveal multidimensional response of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to low temperature stress during seedling establishment. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:290-302. [PMID: 37284178 PMCID: PMC10168043 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a tropical/subtropical crop and is innately susceptible to cold. Using an approach that integrates morphological, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses, the study aimed to understand the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic adjustments in cotton seedlings under cold stress. Exposure of six cotton accessions to 15°C during the seedling stage significantly reduced chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, plant height, and biomass, but increased malondialdehyde and proline production. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the cold-sensitive accession SA 3781 grown under low and normal temperatures showed the upregulation of genes related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under cold stress. Despite a similar upregulation of genes encoding metabolites that can scavenge ROS and provide osmoprotection for the cell, the stressed plants still exhibited oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation. This may be due in part to the upregulation of abscisic acid synthesis genes and downregulation of chlorophyll synthesis genes effecting lower stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents, respectively. Additionally, stomatal closure which is required to avoid the cooling effect and dehydration under cold conditions may have contributed in reducing the net photosynthetic rates in plants exposed to low temperature. These findings provide an insight into the expression of key genes regulating the phenotypic changes observed in cotton in response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhvir Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Ritchel B. Gannaban
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Nutritional SciencesCollege of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Avinash Shrestha
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Junghyun Shim
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
Olam International LimitedNasarawaNigeria
| | - Puneet Kaur Mangat
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Joshua J. Singleton
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
College of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Rosalyn B. Angeles‐Shim
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
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Im JH, Son S, Ko JH, Kim KH, An CS, Han KH. Nuclear Translocation of Soybean MPK6, GmMPK6, Is Mediated by Hydrogen Peroxide in Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122611. [PMID: 34961082 PMCID: PMC8704742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascade, a highly conserved signal transduction system in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in the plant's response to environmental stimuli and phytohormones. It is well-known that nuclear translocation of MPKs is necessary for their activities in mammalian cells. However, the mechanism underlying nuclear translocation of plant MPKs is not well elucidated. In the previous study, it has been shown that soybean MPK6 (GmMPK6) is activated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are two signaling molecules generated during salt stress. Using the two signaling molecules, we investigated how salt stress triggers its translocation to the nucleus. Our results show that the translocation of GmMPK6 to the nucleus is mediated by H2O2, but not by PA. Furthermore, the translocation was interrupted by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) (an inhibitor of RBOH), confirming that H2O2 is the signaling molecule for the nuclear translocation of GmMPK6 during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Seungmin Son
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Chung Sun An
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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7
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Zhuang L, Hu Q, Huang B. Phosphatidic acid and hydrogen peroxide coordinately enhance heat tolerance in tall fescue. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:142-151. [PMID: 33188719 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) play roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. The objective of this study was to determine effects of H2 O2 or PA, individually and interactively, with a H2 O2 scavenging molecule, N,N'-dimethylthoiurea (DMTU), on plant tolerance to heat stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Plants were treated with PA (25 µm), H2 O2 (5 mm) and PA (25 µm) + DMTU (5 mm) by foliar application and then exposed to heat stress (38/33 °C) or optimal temperature (23/18 °C, day/night) for 28 days. Foliar application of PA and H2 O2 alone resulted in increases in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency and cellular membrane stability in plants exposed to heat stress, whereas addition of DMTU suppressed the positive effects of PA. Expression levels of genes encoding the PA synthesizing enzyme, FaPLDδ, were significantly up-regulated by H2 O2 . Phosphatidic acid- or H2 O2 -enhanced heat tolerance was associated with the activation of stress signalling components (FaCDPK3, FaMPK6, FaMPK3), transcription factors (FaMBF1 and FaHsfA2c) and heat shock proteins (FaHSP18, FaHSP70 and FaHSP90). Phosphatidic acid and H2 O2 may work in coordination to further improve heat tolerance, involving up-regulation of transcription factors in stress signalling cascades and heat protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - L Zhuang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Hu
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - B Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Janse van Rensburg HC, Limami AM, Van den Ende W. Spermine and Spermidine Priming against Botrytis cinerea Modulates ROS Dynamics and Metabolism in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:223. [PMID: 33562549 PMCID: PMC7914871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous small aliphatic polycations important for growth, development, and environmental stress responses in plants. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) induced cell death at high concentrations, but primed resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. At low concentrations, Spm was more effective than Spd. Treatments with higher exogenous Spd and Spm concentrations resulted in a biphasic endogenous PA accumulation. Exogenous Spm induced the accumulation of H2O2 after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. Both Spm and Spd induced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. The soluble sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose accumulated after treatment with high concentrations of PAs, whereas only Spm induced sugar accumulation after infection. Total and active nitrate reductase (NR) activities were inhibited by Spm treatment, whereas Spd inhibited active NR at low concentrations but promoted active NR at high concentrations. Finally, γaminobutyric acid accumulated after treatment and infection in plants treated with high concentrations of Spm. Phenylalanine and asparagine also accumulated after infection in plants treated with a high concentration of Spm. Our data illustrate that Spm and Spd are effective in priming resistance against B. cinerea, opening the door for the development of sustainable alternatives for chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anis M. Limami
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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Ma H, Wu X, Wei Z, Zhao L, Li Z, Liang Q, Zheng J, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang L, Hu Q, Han D. Functional divergence of diacylglycerol acyltransferases in the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:510-524. [PMID: 33005924 PMCID: PMC7853605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final committed step in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In microalgae, the copy number of DGAT genes is extraordinarily expanded, yet the functions of many DGATs remain largely unknown. This study revealed that microalgal DGAT can function as a lysophosphatidic acyltransferase (LPAAT) both in vitro and in vivo while losing its original function as DGAT. Among the five DGAT-encoding genes identified and cloned from the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, four encoded HpDGATs that showed triacylglycerol synthase activities in yeast functional complementation analyses; the exception was one of the type II DGAT encoding genes, HpDGTT2. The hydrophobic recombinant HpDGTT2 protein was purified in soluble form and was found to function as a LPAAT via enzymatic assay. Introducing this gene into the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii led to retarded cellular growth, enlarged cell size, and enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation, identical to the phenotypes of transgenic strains overexpressing CrLPAAT. This study provides a framework for dissecting uncharacterized DGATs, and could pave the way to decrypting the structure-function relationship of this large group of enzymes that are critical to lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwang Wei
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongze Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linfei Huang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, SDIC Biotech Investment Corporation, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Meijer HJG, Schoina C, Wang S, Bouwmeester K, Hua C, Govers F. Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D-like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:180-193. [PMID: 30171659 PMCID: PMC6637911 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The successful invasion of host tissue by (hemi-)biotrophic plant pathogens is dependent on modifications of the host plasma membrane to facilitate the two-way transfer of proteins and other compounds. Haustorium formation and the establishment of extrahaustorial membranes are probably dependent on a variety of enzymes that modify membranes in a coordinated fashion. Phospholipases, enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids, have been implicated as virulence factors in several pathogens. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes potato late blight. It possesses different classes of phospholipase D (PLD) proteins, including small PLD-like proteins with and without signal peptide (sPLD-likes and PLD-likes, respectively). Here, we studied the role of sPLD-like-1, sPLD-like-12 and PLD-like-1 in the infection process. They are expressed in expanding lesions on potato leaves and during in vitro growth, with the highest transcript levels in germinating cysts. When expressed in planta in the presence of the silencing suppressor P19, all three elicited a local cell death response that was visible at the microscopic level as autofluorescence and strongly boosted in the presence of calcium. Moreover, inoculation of leaves expressing the small PLD-like genes resulted in increased lesion growth and greater numbers of sporangia, but this was abolished when mutated PLD-like genes were expressed with non-functional PLD catalytic motifs. These results show that the three small PLD-likes are catalytically active and suggest that their enzymatic activity is required for the promotion of virulence, possibly by executing membrane modifications to support the growth of P. infestans in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold J. G. Meijer
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Charikleia Schoina
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Shutong Wang
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
- College of Plant ProtectionAgricultural University of HebeiBaoding071001China
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Chenlei Hua
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
- Present address:
Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP)Eberhard‐Karls‐University TübingenTübingenD‐72076Germany
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
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Ku YS, Sintaha M, Cheung MY, Lam HM. Plant Hormone Signaling Crosstalks between Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103206. [PMID: 30336563 PMCID: PMC6214094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants are often bombarded by a combination of abiotic (such as drought, salt, heat or cold) and biotic (necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens) stresses simultaneously. It is critical to understand how the various response pathways to these stresses interact with one another within the plants, and where the points of crosstalk occur which switch the responses from one pathway to another. Calcium sensors are often regarded as the first line of response to external stimuli to trigger downstream signaling. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone regulating stress responses, and it interacts with the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways to channel resources into mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses versus defending against pathogens. The signal transduction in these pathways are often carried out via GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) which comprise of a large group of proteins that are varied in structures and functions. Deciphering the combined actions of these different signaling pathways in plants would greatly enhance the ability of breeders to develop food crops that can thrive in deteriorating environmental conditions under climate change, and that can maintain or even increase crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Mariz Sintaha
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ming-Yan Cheung
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Jiang SY, Ma A, Ramachandran S. Negative Air Ions and Their Effects on Human Health and Air Quality Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2966. [PMID: 30274196 PMCID: PMC6213340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative air ions (NAIs) have been discovered for more than 100 years and are widely used for air cleaning. Here, we have carried out a comprehensive reviewing on the effects of NAIs on humans/animals, and microorganisms, and plant development. The presence of NAIs is credited for increasing psychological health, productivity, and overall well-being but without consistent or reliable evidence in therapeutic effects and with controversy in anti-microorganisms. Reports also showed that NAIs could help people in relieving symptoms of allergies to dust, mold spores, and other allergens. Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant that affects human health. Experimental data showed that NAIs could be used to high-efficiently remove PM. Finally, we have reviewed the plant-based NAI release system under the pulsed electric field (PEF) stimulation. This is a new NAI generation system which releases a huge amount of NAIs under the PEF treatment. The system may be used to freshen indoor air and reduce PM concentration in addition to enriching oxygen content and indoor decoration at home, school, hospital, airport, and other indoor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ye Jiang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
| | - Ali Ma
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
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13
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Li J, Staiger CJ. Understanding Cytoskeletal Dynamics During the Plant Immune Response. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:513-533. [PMID: 29975609 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant cytoskeleton is a dynamic framework of cytoplasmic filaments that rearranges as the needs of the cell change during growth and development. Incessant turnover mechanisms allow these networks to be rapidly redeployed in defense of host cytoplasm against microbial invaders. Both chemical and mechanical stimuli are recognized as danger signals to the plant, and these are perceived and transduced into cytoskeletal dynamics and architecture changes through a collection of well-recognized, previously characterized players. Recent advances in quantitative cell biology approaches, along with the powerful molecular genetics techniques associated with Arabidopsis, have uncovered two actin-binding proteins as key intermediaries in the immune response to phytopathogens and defense signaling. Certain bacterial phytopathogens have adapted to the cytoskeletal-based defense mechanism during the basal immune response and have evolved effector proteins that target actin filaments and microtubules to subvert transcriptional reprogramming, secretion of defense-related proteins, and cell wall-based defenses. In this review, we describe current knowledge about host cytoskeletal dynamics operating at the crossroads of the molecular and cellular arms race between microbes and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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14
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Molecular Mechanism of Plant Recognition of Extracellular ATP. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1051:233-253. [PMID: 29064066 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), a ubiquitously dispersed biomolecule, is not only a major source of biochemical energy for living cells, but also acts as a critical signaling molecule through inter-cellular communication. Recent studies have clearly shown that extracellular ATP is involved in various physiological processes in plants, including root growth, stomata movement, pollen tube development, gravitropism, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. The first plant purinergic receptor for extracellular ATP, DORN1 (the founding member of the P2K family of purinergic receptors), was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by a forward genetic screen. DORN1 consists of an extracellular lectin domain, transmembrane domain, and serine/threonine kinase, intracellular domain. The predicted structure of the DORN1 extracellular domain revealed putative key ATP binding residues but an apparent lack of sugar binding. In this chapter, we summarize recent studies on the molecular mechanism of plant recognition of extracellular ATP with specific reference to the role of DORN1.
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15
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Martinec J, Ruelland E. The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:43-53. [PMID: 29842906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France.
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16
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Kalemba EM, Ratajczak E. The effect of a doubled glutathione level on parameters affecting the germinability of recalcitrant Acer saccharinum seeds during drying. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:72-83. [PMID: 29550567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of plant species, including silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), produce seeds that are sensitive to desiccation, which is reflected in their poor storage potential and viability. In the search for a compound that can improve seed recalcitrance, freshly harvested seeds were soaked in either 2.5 mM reduced glutathione (GSH) or water and desiccated to comparable water levels of 55-20%. We examined the impact of a doubled endogenous level of glutathione on the seed germination capacity, the activity of enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, the cell membrane components and integrity, reactive oxygen species, and ascorbate levels. GSH treatment resulted in slower dehydration and a higher germination capacity. The increased glutathione was mainly consumed by glutathione S-transferase, leading to more efficient detoxification, and by dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), accelerating the ascorbate regeneration. As a result, the cellular environment became more reduced, and protection of the membrane structures was enhanced. The ameliorated membrane integrity was manifested via a lower electrolyte leakage and a lower lipid peroxide level despite the higher level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detected in the GSH-treated seeds. The degradation of phospholipids (PLs) was less intense and related to the phosphatidylinositol (PI) level, which is the precursor of the phospholipase D cofactor, whereas in water-soaked seeds, PL degradation was promoted by H2O2. The germination capacity of the dehydrated seeds depended primarily on the level of H2O2, lipid hydroxyperoxides, electrolyte leakage, GSH, the half-cell reduction potential of glutathione, PI, and the activity of DHAR and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Interestingly, H2O2 affected all of the parameters. The germination of GSH-boosted seeds was strongly impacted by the pool of ascorbate, the half-cell reduction potential of ascorbate, and the glutathione peroxidase activity. In general, germination was DHAR activity-dependent. A strong negative correlation was detected in the water-soaked seeds, whereas a strong positive correlation was detected in the GSH-treated seeds. The enhanced level of glutathione likely improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, confirming its effect on seed germinability after dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
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17
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Yoon MY, Kim MY, Shim S, Kim KD, Ha J, Shin JH, Kang S, Lee SH. Transcriptomic Profiling of Soybean in Response to High-Intensity UV-B Irradiation Reveals Stress Defense Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1917. [PMID: 28066473 PMCID: PMC5165247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere has led to a dramatic spike in ultraviolet B (UV-B) intensity and increased UV-B light levels. The direct absorption of high-intensity UV-B induces complex abiotic stresses in plants, including excessive light exposure, heat, and dehydration. However, UV-B stress signaling mechanisms in plants including soybean (Glycine max [L.]) remain poorly understood. Here, we surveyed the overall transcriptional responses of two soybean genotypes, UV-B-sensitive Cheongja 3 and UV-B-resistant Buseok, to continuous UV-B irradiation for 0 (control), 0.5, and 6 h using RNA-seq analysis. Homology analysis using UV-B-related genes from Arabidopsis thaliana revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) likely involved in UV-B stress responses. Functional classification of the DEGs showed that the categories of immune response, stress defense signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were over-represented. UV-B-resistant Buseok utilized phosphatidic acid-dependent signaling pathways (based on subsequent reactions of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase) rather than phospholipase D in response to UV-B exposure at high fluence rates, and genes involved in its downstream pathways, such as ABA signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and ROS overproduction, were upregulated in this genotype. In addition, the DEGs for TIR-NBS-LRR and heat shock proteins are positively activated. These results suggest that defense mechanisms against UV-B stress at high fluence rates are separate from the photomorphogenic responses utilized by plants to adapt to low-level UV light. Our study provides valuable information for deep understanding of UV-B stress defense mechanisms and for the development of resistant soybean genotypes that survive under high-intensity UV-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Yoon
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sangrae Shim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Do Kim
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA
| | - Jungmin Ha
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Shin
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA
| | - Sungtaeg Kang
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook UniversityCheonan, South Korea
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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18
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Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Gene-expression profile of developing pollen tube of Pyrus bretschneideri. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 20:11-21. [PMID: 26547040 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pollen is an ideal model system for investigation of cell growth. In order to better understand the molecular biology mechanisms of the process of pear pollen tube development, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to characterize the expression of genes during four development stages of pear pollen, including mature pollen grains (MP), hydrated pollen grains (HP), growing pollen tubes (PT) and stopped-growth pollen tubes (SPT). The four libraries generated a total of 47,072,151 clean reads that were mapped and assembled into 21,394 genes. Transcripts from the four stages were classified into 38 functional subcategories. Between MP and HP, 305 genes were differentially expressed, and 502 genes were differentially expressed between HP and PT. More importantly, we have observed that 2208 genes were differentially expressed between PT and SPT, and this is the first report of the gene expression comparison between the two development stages. Eight of the differentially expressed genes were randomly selected to confirm the RNA-Seq results by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Taken together, this research provides a platform for future research on pear pollen tube growth and growth cessation.
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20
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Mushtaq M, Gani A, Shetty PH, Masoodi F, Ahmad M. Himalayan cheese (Kalari/kradi): Effect of different storage temperatures on its physicochemical, microbiological and antioxidant properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Gou JY, Li K, Wu K, Wang X, Lin H, Cantu D, Uauy C, Dobon-Alonso A, Midorikawa T, Inoue K, Sánchez J, Fu D, Blechl A, Wallington E, Fahima T, Meeta M, Epstein L, Dubcovsky J. Wheat Stripe Rust Resistance Protein WKS1 Reduces the Ability of the Thylakoid-Associated Ascorbate Peroxidase to Detoxify Reactive Oxygen Species. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1755-70. [PMID: 25991734 PMCID: PMC4498197 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici (Pst). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene has an unusual combination of serine/threonine kinase and START lipid binding domains and confers partial resistance to Pst. Here, we show that wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants transformed with the complete WKS1 (variant WKS1.1) are resistant to Pst, whereas those transformed with an alternative splice variant with a truncated START domain (WKS1.2) are susceptible. WKS1.1 and WKS1.2 preferentially bind to the same lipids (phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol phosphates) but differ in their protein-protein interactions. WKS1.1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associated ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Increased expression of WKS1.1 in transgenic wheat accelerates leaf senescence in the absence of Pst. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1.1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify reactive oxygen species and contributes to cell death. This response takes several days longer than typical hypersensitive cell death responses, thus allowing the limited pathogen growth and restricted sporulation that is characteristic of the WKS1 partial resistance response to Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Gou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kati Wu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Huiqiong Lin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Albor Dobon-Alonso
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Takamufi Midorikawa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Juan Sánchez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daolin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ann Blechl
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710
| | - Emma Wallington
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Madhu Meeta
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Lynn Epstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
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Li J, Henty-Ridilla JL, Staiger BH, Day B, Staiger CJ. Capping protein integrates multiple MAMP signalling pathways to modulate actin dynamics during plant innate immunity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7206. [PMID: 26018794 PMCID: PMC4458898 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and animals perceive diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors and activate innate immune signalling. The actin cytoskeleton has been suggested as a target for innate immune signalling and a key transducer of cellular responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying actin remodelling and the precise functions of these rearrangements during innate immunity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate rapid actin remodelling in response to several distinct MAMP signalling pathways in plant epidermal cells. The regulation of actin dynamics is a convergence point for basal defence machinery, such as cell wall fortification and transcriptional reprogramming. Our quantitative analyses of actin dynamics and genetic studies reveal that MAMP-stimulated actin remodelling is due to the inhibition of capping protein (CP) by the signalling lipid, phosphatidic acid. In addition, CP promotes resistance against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. These findings demonstrate that CP is a central target for the plant innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 335 Hansen Life Sciences Building, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 335 Hansen Life Sciences Building, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 335 Hansen Life Sciences Building, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-6254, USA
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 335 Hansen Life Sciences Building, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064, USA
- The Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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23
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Hyodo K, Taniguchi T, Manabe Y, Kaido M, Mise K, Sugawara T, Taniguchi H, Okuno T. Phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase D promotes RNA replication of a plant RNA virus. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004909. [PMID: 26020241 PMCID: PMC4447390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses are intracellular obligate parasites replicate using the membrane-bound replicase complexes that contain multiple viral and host components. To replicate, (+)RNA viruses exploit host resources and modify host metabolism and membrane organization. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes the production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid second messenger that modulates diverse intracellular signaling in various organisms. PA is normally present in small amounts (less than 1% of total phospholipids), but rapidly and transiently accumulates in lipid bilayers in response to different environmental cues such as biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the precise functions of PLD and PA remain unknown. Here, we report the roles of PLD and PA in genomic RNA replication of a plant (+)RNA virus, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV). We found that RCNMV RNA replication complexes formed in Nicotiana benthamiana contained PLDα and PLDβ. Gene-silencing and pharmacological inhibition approaches showed that PLDs and PLDs-derived PA are required for viral RNA replication. Consistent with this, exogenous application of PA enhanced viral RNA replication in plant cells and plant-derived cell-free extracts. We also found that a viral auxiliary replication protein bound to PA in vitro, and that the amount of PA increased in RCNMV-infected plant leaves. Together, our findings suggest that RCNMV hijacks host PA-producing enzymes to replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Kaido
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mise
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Okuno
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Rodas-Junco BA, Muñoz-Sánchez JA, Vázquez-Flota F, Hernández-Sotomayor SMT. Salicylic-acid elicited phospholipase D responses in Capsicum chinense cell cultures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 90:32-37. [PMID: 25766278 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant response to different stress types can occur through stimulus recognition and the subsequent signal transduction through second messengers that send information to the regulation of metabolism and the expression of defense genes. The phospholipidic signaling pathway forms part of the plant response to several phytoregulators, such as salicylic acid (SA), which has been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. In this work, we studied the effects of SA treatment on [(32)-P]Pi phospholipid turnover and phospholipase D (PLD) activity using cultured Capsicum chinense cells. In cultured cells, the PIP2 turnover showed changes after SA treatment, while the most abundant phospholipids (PLs), such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), did not show changes during the temporal course. SA treatment significantly increased phosphatidic acid (PA) turnover over time compared to control cells. The PA accumulation in cells treated with 1-butanol showed a decrease in messengers; at the same time, there was a 1.5-fold increase in phosphatidylbutanol. These results suggest that the participation of the PLD pathway is a source of PA production, and the activation of this mechanism may be important in the cell responses to SA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Rodas-Junco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J A Muñoz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - F Vázquez-Flota
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - S M T Hernández-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Wang Y, Braun OÖ, Zhang S, Norström E, Thorlacius H. Thrombin generation in abdominal sepsis is Rho-kinase-dependent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:691-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao J. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant defence response: from protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions to hormone signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1721-36. [PMID: 25680793 PMCID: PMC4669553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) and PLD-derived phosphatidic acids (PAs) play vital roles in plant hormonal and environmental responses and various cellular dynamics. Recent studies have further expanded the functions of PLDs and PAs into plant-microbe interaction. The molecular diversities and redundant functions make PLD-PA an important signalling complex regulating lipid metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling in plant defence through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions or hormone signalling. Different PLD-PA signalling complexes and their targets have emerged as fast-growing research topics for understanding their numerous but not yet established roles in modifying pathogen perception, signal transduction, and downstream defence responses. Meanwhile, advanced lipidomics tools have allowed researchers to reveal further the mechanisms of PLD-PA signalling complexes in regulating lipid metabolism and signalling, and their impacts on jasmonic acid/oxylipins, salicylic acid, and other hormone signalling pathways that essentially mediate plant defence responses. This review attempts to summarize the progress made in spatial and temporal PLD/PA signalling as well as PLD/PA-mediated modification of plant defence. It presents an in-depth discussion on the functions and potential mechanisms of PLD-PA complexes in regulating actin filament/microtubule cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling, and in influencing lipid metabolism-derived metabolites as critical signalling components in plant defence responses. The discussion puts PLD-PA in a broader context in order to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Zhang Q, Xiao S. Lipids in salicylic acid-mediated defense in plants: focusing on the roles of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:387. [PMID: 26074946 PMCID: PMC4446532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved effective defense strategies to protect themselves from various pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential signaling molecule that mediates pathogen-triggered signals perceived by different immune receptors to induce downstream defense responses. While many proteins play essential roles in regulating SA signaling, increasing evidence also supports important roles for signaling phospholipids in this process. In this review, we collate the experimental evidence in support of the regulatory roles of two phospholipids, phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), and their metabolizing enzymes in plant defense, and examine the possible mechanistic interaction between phospholipid signaling and SA-dependent immunity with a particular focus on the immunity-stimulated biphasic PA production that is reminiscent of and perhaps mechanistically connected to the biphasic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and SA accumulation during defense activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Shunyuan Xiao, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Krčková Z, Brouzdová J, Daněk M, Kocourková D, Rainteau D, Ruelland E, Valentová O, Pejchar P, Martinec J. Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C1: characterization and its involvement in response to heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:928. [PMID: 26581502 PMCID: PMC4631941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) protein family is encoded by the genes NPC1 - NPC6. It has been shown that NPC4 and NPC5 possess phospholipase C activity; NPC3 has lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity. NPC3, 4 and 5 play roles in the responses to hormones and abiotic stresses. NPC1, 2 and 6 has not been studied functionally yet. We found that Arabidopsis NPC1 expressed in Escherichia coli possesses phospholipase C activity in vitro. This protein was able to hydrolyse phosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol. NPC1-green fluorescent protein was localized to secretory pathway compartments in Arabidopsis roots. In the knock out T-DNA insertion line NPC1 (npc1) basal thermotolerance was impaired compared with wild-type (WT); npc1 exhibited significant decreases in survival rate and chlorophyll content at the seventh day after heat stress (HS). Conversely, plants overexpressing NPC1 (NPC1-OE) were more resistant to HS compared with WT. These findings suggest that NPC1 is involved in the plant response to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Brouzdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- 1ERL Inserm U1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Medecine Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, UPECCréteil, France
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Jan Martinec,
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Qu Y, An Z, Zhuang B, Jing W, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Copper amine oxidase and phospholipase D act independently in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba and Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:533-544. [PMID: 24817219 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that both copper amine oxidase (CuAO; EC 1.4.3.6) and phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) are involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. In this study, we investigated the interaction between CuAO and PLD in the ABA response. Pretreatment with either CuAO or PLD inhibitors alone or that with both additively led to impairment of ABA-induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure in Vicia faba. ABA-stimulated PLD activation could not be inhibited by the CuAO inhibitor, and CuAO activity was not affected by the PLD inhibitor. These data suggest that CuAO and PLD act independently in the ABA response. To further examine PLD and CuAO activities in ABA responses, we used the Arabidopsis mutants cuaoζ and pldα1. Ablation of guard cell-expressed CuAOζ or PLDα1 gene retarded ABA-induced H2O2 generation and stomatal closure. As a product of PLD, phosphatidic acid (PA) substantially enhanced H2O2 production and stomatal closure in wide type, pldα1, and cuaoζ. Moreover, putrescine (Put), a substrate of CuAO as well as an activator of PLD, induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure in WT but not in both mutants. These results suggest that CuAO and PLD act independently in ABA-induced stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Qu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Cloning and molecular characterization of phospholipase D (PLD) delta gene from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4351-60. [PMID: 24590739 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a non-climacteric fruit with a short postharvest life. The regulation of phospholipase D (PLD) activity closely relates to postharvest browning and senescence of longan fruit. In this study, a novel cDNA clone of longan PLDδ (LgPLDδ) was obtained and registered in GenBank (accession No. JF791814). The deduced amino acid sequence possessed all of the three typical domains of plant PLDs, a C2 domain and two catalytic HxKxxxxD motifs. The tertiary structure of LgPLDδ was further predicted. The western blot result showed that the LgPLDδ protein was specifically recognized by PLDδ antibody. The Q-RT-PCR (real-time quantitative PCR) result showed that the level of LgPLDδ mRNA expression was higher in senescent tissues than in developing tissues, which was also high in postharvest fruit. The western-blotting result further certified the different expression of LgPLDδ. These results provided a scientific basis for further investigating the mechanism of postharvest longan fruit adapting to environmental stress.
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Scotti-Campos P, Pais IP, Partelli FL, Batista-Santos P, Ramalho JC. Phospholipids profile in chloroplasts of Coffea spp. genotypes differing in cold acclimation ability. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:243-9. [PMID: 23988560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental temperature change may induce modifications in membrane lipid properties and composition, which account for different physiological responses among plant species. Coffee plants, as many tropical species, are particularly sensitive to cold, but genotypes can present differences that can be exploited to improve crop management and breeding. This work intended to highlight the changes promoted by low non-freezing temperatures (chilling) in phospholipid (PL) composition of chloroplast membranes of genotypes from two Coffea species, Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí (moderately tolerant) and Coffea canephora cv. Conilon (Clone 153, more susceptible), and relate them with cold sensitivity differences. Such evaluation was performed considering a gradual temperature decrease, chilling (4 °C) exposure and a recovery period under rewarming conditions. Catuaí presented an earlier acclimation response than Clone 153 (CL 153). It displayed a higher metabolic activity during acclimation (total fatty acids and total PL increases) and chilling (phosphatidylglycerol increases), and an overall better recovery. Catuaí also showed the highest phosphatidylglycerol unsaturation (higher double bond index) after chilling, in contrast with CL 153 (gradual unsaturation decrease). Higher unsaturation degree in Catuaí than in CL 153 was also observed for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, resulting, mainly, from raises in unsaturated C18:2 and C18:3. It is suggested that an enhanced PL synthesis and turnover induced by a gradual cold exposure, as well as unsaturation increases in major PL classes, is related to decreased Catuaí susceptibility to low temperatures and strongly contributes to sustain photosynthetic activity in this genotype under chilling conditions, as reported in previous work by this team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Scotti-Campos
- Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel P Pais
- Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fábio L Partelli
- Dept. Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Univ. Norte Espírito Santo, Univ. Federal Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Paula Batista-Santos
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente (Plant Stress), Centro de Ambiente, Agricultura e Desenvolvimento (BioTrop), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José C Ramalho
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente (Plant Stress), Centro de Ambiente, Agricultura e Desenvolvimento (BioTrop), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Zhao Q, Dixon RA. Altering the cell wall and its impact on plant disease: from forage to bioenergy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 52:69-91. [PMID: 24821183 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The individual sugars found within the major classes of plant cell wall polymers are dietary components of herbivores and are targeted for release in industrial processes for fermentation to liquid biofuels. With a growing understanding of the biosynthesis of the complex cell wall polymers, genetic modification strategies are being developed to target the cell wall to improve the digestibility of forage crops and to render lignocellulose less recalcitrant for bioprocessing. This raises concerns as to whether altering cell wall properties to improve biomass processing traits may inadvertently make plants more susceptible to diseases and pests. Here, we review the impacts of cell wall modification on plant defense, as assessed from studies in model plants utilizing mutants or transgenic modification and in crop plants specifically engineered for improved biomass or bioenergy traits. Such studies reveal that cell wall modifications can indeed have unintended impacts on plant defense, but these are not always negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhao
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401;
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Johansson ON, Fahlberg P, Karimi E, Nilsson AK, Ellerström M, Andersson MX. Redundancy among phospholipase D isoforms in resistance triggered by recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRpm1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:639. [PMID: 25431578 PMCID: PMC4230166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a highly sophisticated system for defense against microorganisms. So called MAMP (microbe-associated molecular patterns) triggered immunity (MTI) prevents the majority of non-adapted pathogens from causing disease. Adapted plant pathogens use secreted effector proteins to interfere with such signaling. Recognition of microbial effectors or their activity by plant resistance (R)-proteins triggers a second line of defense resulting in effector triggered immunity (ETI). The latter usually comprises the hypersensitive response (HR) which includes programmed cell death at the site of infection. Phospholipase D (PLD) mediated production of phosphatidic acid (PA) has been linked to both MTI and ETI in plants. Inhibition of PLD activity has been shown to attenuate MTI as well as ETI. In this study, we systematically tested single and double knockouts in all 12 genes encoding PLDs in Arabidopsis thaliana for effects on ETI and MTI. No single PLD could be linked to ETI triggered by recognition of effectors secreted by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. However, repression of PLD dependent PA production by n-butanol strongly inhibited the HR following Pseudomonas syringae effector recognition. In addition some pld mutants were more sensitive to n-butanol than wild type. Thus, the effect of mutations of PLDs could become detectable, and the corresponding genes can be proposed to be involved in the HR. Only knockout of PLDδ caused a loss of MTI-induced cell wall based defense against the non-host powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi. This is thus in stark contrast to the involvement of a multitude of PLD isoforms in the HR triggered by AvrRpm1 recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar N. Johansson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fahlberg
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elham Karimi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehran, Iran
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Ellerström
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats X. Andersson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Mats X. Andersson, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden e-mail:
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Kawano Y, Kaneko-Kawano T, Shimamoto K. Rho family GTPase-dependent immunity in plants and animals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:522. [PMID: 25352853 PMCID: PMC4196510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sophisticated forms of immune systems have developed to cope with a variety of pathogens. Accumulating evidence indicates that Rac (also known as Rop), a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, is a key regulator of immunity in plants and animals. Like other small GTPases, Rac/Rop GTPases function as a molecular switch downstream of immune receptors by cycling between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active forms in cells. Rac/Rop GTPases trigger various immune responses, thereby resulting in enhanced disease resistance to pathogens. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have contributed to our current understanding of the Rac/Rop family GTPases and the upstream and downstream proteins involved in plant immunity. We also compare the features of effector-triggered immunity between plants and animals, and discuss the in vivo monitoring of Rac/Rop activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kawano
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoji Kawano, Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan e-mail:
| | | | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, Japan
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Gonorazky G, Distéfano AM, García-Mata C, Lamattina L, Laxalt AM. Phospholipases in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Plant Signaling. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-42011-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Iakimova ET, Michaeli R, Woltering EJ. Involvement of phospholipase D-related signal transduction in chemical-induced programmed cell death in tomato cell cultures. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1169-1183. [PMID: 23604388 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) are incorporated in a complex metabolic network in which the individual PLD isoforms are suggested to regulate specific developmental and stress responses, including plant programmed cell death (PCD). Despite the accumulating knowledge, the mechanisms through which PLD/PA operate during PCD are still poorly understood. In this work, the role of PLDα1 in PCD and the associated caspase-like proteolysis, ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) synthesis in tomato suspension cells was studied. Wild-type (WT) and PLDα1-silenced cell lines were exposed to the cell death-inducing chemicals camptothecin (CPT), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and CdSO(4). A range of caspase inhibitors effectively suppressed CPT-induced PCD in WT cells, but failed to alleviate cell death in PLDα1-deficient cells. Compared to WT, in CPT-treated PLDα1 mutant cells, reduced cell death and decreased production of H(2)O(2) were observed. Application of ethylene significantly enhanced CPT-induced cell death both in WT and PLDα1 mutants. Treatments with the PA derivative lyso-phosphatidic acid and mastoparan (agonist of PLD/PLC signalling downstream of G proteins) caused severe cell death. Inhibitors, specific to PLD and PLC, remarkably decreased the chemical-induced cell death. Taken together with our previous findings, the results suggest that PLDα1 contributes to caspase-like-dependent cell death possibly communicated through PA, reactive oxygen species and ethylene. The dead cells expressed morphological features of PCD such as protoplast shrinkage and nucleus compaction. The presented findings reveal novel elements of PLD/PA-mediated cell death response and suggest that PLDα1 is an important factor in chemical-induced PCD signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena T Iakimova
- Plant Sciences Group, Horticultural Supply Chains, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 630, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhao J, Devaiah SP, Wang C, Li M, Welti R, Wang X. Arabidopsis phospholipase Dβ1 modulates defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:228-240. [PMID: 23577648 PMCID: PMC4066384 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infection of higher plants often induces rapid production of phosphatidic acid (PA) and changes in lipid profiles, but the enzymatic basis and the function of the lipid change in pathogen-plant interactions are not well understood. Infection of phospholipase D β1 (PLDβ1)-deficient plants by Pseudomonas syringae tomato pv DC3000 (Pst DC30000) resulted in less bacterial growth than in wild-type plants, and the effect was more profound in virulent Pst DC3000 than avirulent Pst DC3000 (carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2) infection. The expression levels of salicylic acid (SA)-inducible genes were higher, but those inducible by jasmonic acid (JA) showed lower expression in PLDβ1 mutants than in wild-type plants. However, PLDβ1-deficient plants were more susceptible than wild-type plants to the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The PLDβ1-deficient plants had lower levels of PA, JA and JA-related defense gene expression after B. cinerea inoculation. PLDβ1 plays a positive role in pathogen-induced JA production and plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B. cinerea, but a negative role in the SA-dependent signaling pathway and plant tolerance to infection with biotrophic Pst DC3000. PLDβ1 is responsible for most of the increase in PA production in response to necrotrophic B. cinerea and virulent Pst DC3000 infection, but contributes less to avirulent Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2)-induced PA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
- College of Plant Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Cunxi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
| | - Maoyin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121 and Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121 and Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
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Wang L, Zhu X, Liu J, Chu X, Jiao J, Liang Y. Involvement of phospholipases C and D in the defence responses of riboflavin-treated tobacco cells. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:441-9. [PMID: 22684579 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin is an activator of defence responses in plants that increases resistance against diseases caused by fungal, oomycete, bacterial and viral pathogens. However, the mechanisms driving defence activation by riboflavin are poorly understood. We investigated the signal transduction pathways of phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells using a pharmacological approach to confirm whether riboflavin-mediated activation of the defence response is dependent on both PLC and PLD. The expression patterns analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the tobacco PLC and PLD gene families were differentially expressed in riboflavin-treated tobacco cells. PLC and PLD expression accompanied defence responses including the expression of defence response genes (PAL, PR-1a and PR-1b), the production of hydrogen peroxide and the accumulation of the phytoalexin scopoletin in tobacco cells treated with riboflavin. These defence responses were significantly inhibited in the presence of the PLC inhibitor U73122 and the PLD inhibitor 1-butanol; however, inhibitor analogues had no effect. Moreover, treating tobacco cells with phosphatidic acid, a signalling molecule produced by phospholipase catalysis, induced the accumulation of the phytoalexin scopoletin and compensated for the suppressive effects of U73122 and 1-butanol on riboflavin-induced accumulation of the phytoalexin. These results offer pharmacological evidence that PLC and PLD play a role in riboflavin-induced defences of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61#, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
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Terecskei K, Tóth R, Gyula P, Kevei É, Bindics J, Coupland G, Nagy F, Kozma-Bognár L. The circadian clock-associated small GTPase LIGHT INSENSITIVE PERIOD1 suppresses light-controlled endoreplication and affects tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:278-90. [PMID: 23144185 PMCID: PMC3532258 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are biochemical timers regulating many physiological and molecular processes according to the day/night cycle. The small GTPase LIGHT INSENSITIVE PERIOD1 (LIP1) is a circadian clock-associated protein that regulates light input to the clock. In the absence of LIP1, the effect of light on free-running period length is much reduced. Here, we show that in addition to suppressing red and blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis, LIP1 is also required for light-controlled inhibition of endoreplication and tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We demonstrate that in the processes of endoreplication and photomorphogenesis, LIP1 acts downstream of the red and blue light photoreceptors phytochrome B and cryptochromes. Manipulation of the subcellular distribution of LIP1 revealed that the circadian function of LIP1 requires nuclear localization of the protein. Our data collectively suggest that LIP1 influences several signaling cascades and that its role in the entrainment of the circadian clock is independent from the other pleiotropic effects. Since these functions of LIP1 are important for the early stages of development or under conditions normally experienced by germinating seedlings, we suggest that LIP1 is a regulator of seedling establishment.
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Potocký M, Pejchar P, Gutkowska M, Jiménez-Quesada MJ, Potocká A, Alché JDD, Kost B, Žárský V. NADPH oxidase activity in pollen tubes is affected by calcium ions, signaling phospholipids and Rac/Rop GTPases. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1654-63. [PMID: 22762791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) are crucial for tip growth of pollen tubes. However, the regulation of NOX activity in pollen tubes remains unknown. Using purified plasma membrane fractions from tobacco and olive pollen and tobacco BY-2 cells, we demonstrate that pollen NOX is activated by calcium ions and low abundant signaling phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in vitro and in vivo. Our data also suggest possible synergism between Ca(2+) and phospholipid-mediated NOX activation in pollen. Rac/Rop small GTPases are also necessary for normal pollen tube growth and have been proposed to regulate ROS production in root hairs. We show here elevated ROS formation in pollen tubes overexpressing wild-type NtRac5 and constitutively active NtRac5, while overexpression of dominant-negative NtRac5 led to a decrease of ROS in pollen tubes. We also show that PA formed by distinct phospholipases D (PLD) is involved in pathways both upstream and downstream of NOX-mediated ROS generation and identify NtPLDδ as a PLD isoform acting in the ROS response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany, vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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41
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Kiirika LM, Bergmann HF, Schikowsky C, Wimmer D, Korte J, Schmitz U, Niehaus K, Colditz F. Silencing of the Rac1 GTPase MtROP9 in Medicago truncatula stimulates early mycorrhizal and oomycete root colonizations but negatively affects rhizobial infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:501-16. [PMID: 22399646 PMCID: PMC3375982 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.193706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
RAC/ROP proteins (ρ-related GTPases of plants) are plant-specific small G proteins that function as molecular switches within elementary signal transduction pathways, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during early microbial infection via the activation of NADPH oxidase homologs of plants termed RBOH (for respiratory burst oxidase homolog). We investigated the role of Medicago truncatula Jemalong A17 small GTPase MtROP9, orthologous to Medicago sativa Rac1, via an RNA interference silencing approach. Composite M. truncatula plants (MtROP9i) whose roots have been transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying the RNA interference vector were generated and infected with the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus Glomus intraradices and the rhizobial bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti as well as with the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. MtROP9i transgenic lines showed a clear growth-reduced phenotype and revealed neither ROS generation nor MtROP9 and MtRBOH gene expression after microbial infection. Coincidently, antioxidative compounds were not induced in infected MtROP9i roots, as documented by differential proteomics (two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis). Furthermore, MtROP9 knockdown clearly promoted mycorrhizal and A. euteiches early hyphal root colonization, while rhizobial infection was clearly impaired. Infected MtROP9i roots showed, in part, extremely swollen noninfected root hairs and reduced numbers of deformed nodules. S. meliloti nodulation factor treatments of MtROP9i led to deformed root hairs showing progressed swelling of its upper regions or even of the entire root hair and spontaneous constrictions but reduced branching effects occurring only at swollen root hairs. These results suggest a key role of Rac1 GTPase MtROP9 in ROS-mediated early infection signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Colditz
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Plant Genetics, Department III, Plant Molecular Biology, D–30419 Hannover, Germany (L.M.K., C.S., D.W., J.K., U.S., F.C.); University of Bielefeld, Department 7, Proteome and Metabolome Research, D–33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.F.B., K.N.)
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42
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Abstract
In recent years, the functional roles of effectors from a wide variety of fungal and oomycete pathogens have begun to emerge. As a product of this work, the importance of effector-lipid interactions has been made apparent. Phospholipids are not only important signaling molecules, but they also play important roles in the trafficking of endosomes and the localization of proteins. Characterizing effector-lipid interactions can provide novel information regarding the functions of effectors relevant to their cellular and subcellular targeting and their potential effects on host signaling and vesicle trafficking. We present here two techniques that can be used to screen for and validate protein-lipid interactions without the need to access highly specialized machinery. We describe in detail how to perform lipid filter and liposome-binding assays and provide suggestions for troubleshooting potential problems with these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv D Kale
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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43
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Puckette M, Iyer NJ, Tang Y, Dai XB, Zhao P, Mahalingam R. Differential mRNA translation in Medicago truncatula accessions with contrasting responses to ozone-induced oxidative stress. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:187-204. [PMID: 21873294 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute ozone is a model abiotic elicitor of oxidative stress and a useful tool for understanding biochemical and molecular events during oxidative signaling. Two Medicago truncatula accessions with contrasting responses to ozone were used to examine translational regulation during ozone stress. In ozone-resistant JE154, significant reduction in ribosome loading was observed within one hour of ozone treatment, suggesting energy homeostasis as a vital factor for oxidative stress management. Polysomal RNA-based expression profiling with Affymetrix arrays revealed extensive changes in the translatomes of both accessions. Messenger RNAs with low GC content in their 5' and 3'-UTRs were preferentially associated with polysomes during oxidative stress. Genebins analysis revealed extensive changes in various gene ontologies in both accessions. Extensive changes in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism genes were corroborated with increased levels of NAD(+) and NADH in JE154. The significantly lower NAD(+):NADH redox status in JE154, in conjunction with higher ATP amounts, provided a cellular milieu conducive for overcoming oxidative stress. Low levels of ATP, NADH, and suppression of antioxidant defense responses, abet build-up of ozone-derived ROS and ultimately lead to oxidative cell death in Jemalong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Puckette
- 246 Noble Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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44
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Kim WT. The Arabidopsis sn-1-specific mitochondrial acylhydrolase AtDLAH is positively correlated with seed viability. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5683-98. [PMID: 21856645 PMCID: PMC3223057 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-derived molecules produced by acylhydrolases play important roles in the regulation of diverse cellular functions in plants. In Arabidopsis, the DAD1-like phospholipase A1 family consists of 12 members, all of which possess a lipase 3 domain. In this study, the biochemical and cellular functions of AtDLAH, an Arabidopsis thaliana DAD1-like acylhydrolase, were examined. Bacterially expressed AtDLAH contained phospholipase A1 activity for catalysing the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position. However, AtDLAH displayed an even stronger preference for 1-lysophosphatidylcholine, 1-monodiacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that AtDLAH is a sn-1-specific acylhydrolase. The AtDLAH gene was highly expressed in young seedlings, and its encoded protein was exclusively localized to the mitochondria. AtDLAH-overexpressing transgenic seeds (35S:AtDLAH) were markedly tolerant to accelerated-ageing treatment and thus had higher germination percentages than wild-type seeds. In contrast, the atdlah loss-of-function knockout mutant seeds were hypersusceptible to accelerated-ageing conditions. The 35S:AtDLAH seeds, as opposed to the atdlah seeds, exhibited a dark red staining pattern following tetrazolium treatment under both normal and accelerated-ageing conditions, suggesting that AtDLAH expression is positively correlated with seed viability. The enhanced viability of 35S:AtDLAH seeds was accompanied by more densely populated epidermal cells, lower levels of accumulated lipid hydroperoxides, and higher levels of polar lipids as compared with wild-type and atdlah mutant seeds. These results suggest that AtDLAH, a mitochondrial-localized sn-1-specific acylhydrolase, plays an important role in Arabidopsis seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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45
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Qin Y, Yang Z. Rapid tip growth: insights from pollen tubes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:816-24. [PMID: 21729760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pollen tubes extend rapidly in an oscillatory manner by the extreme form of polarized growth, tip growth, and provide an exciting system for studying the spatiotemporal control of polarized cell growth. The Rho-family ROP GTPase is a key signaling molecule in this growth control and is periodically activated at the apical plasma membrane to spatially define the apical growth region and temporally precede the burst of growth. The spatiotemporal dynamics of ROP GTPase is interconnected with actin dynamics and polar exocytosis that is required for tip-targeted membrane and wall expansion. Recent advances in the study of the mechanistic interlinks between ROP-centered signaling and spatiotemporal dynamics of cell membrane and wall remodeling will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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46
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Testerink C, Munnik T. Molecular, cellular, and physiological responses to phosphatidic acid formation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2349-61. [PMID: 21430291 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an essential phospholipid involved in membrane biosynthesis and signal transduction in all eukaryotes. This review focuses on its role as lipid second messenger during plant stress, metabolism, and development. The contribution of different individual isoforms of enzymes that generate and break down PA will be discussed and the downstream responses highlighted, with particular focus on proteins that bind PA. Through characterization of several of these PA targets, a molecular and genetic basis for PA's role in plant stress and development is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Testerink
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dietz KJ, Jacquot JP, Harris G. Hubs and bottlenecks in plant molecular signalling networks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:919-38. [PMID: 20958306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Conditional control of plant cell function and development relies on appropriate signal perception, signal integration and processing. The development of high throughput technologies such as proteomics and interactomics has enabled the identification of protein interaction networks that mediate signal processing from inputs to appropriate outputs. Such networks can be depicted in graphical representations using nodes and edges allowing for the immediate visualization and analysis of the network's topology. Hubs are network elements characterized by many edges (often degree grade k ≥ 5) which confer a degree of topological importance to them. The review introduces the concept of networks, hubs and bottlenecks and describes four examples from plant science in more detail, namely hubs in the redox regulatory network of the chloroplast with ferredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin, in mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signal processing, in photomorphogenesis with the COP9 signalosome, COP1 and CDD, and monomeric GTPase function. Some guidance is provided to appropriate internet resources, web repositories, databases and their use. Plant networks can be generated from existing public databases and this type of analysis is valuable in support of existing hypotheses, or to allow for the generation of new concepts or ideas. However, intensive manual curating of in silico networks is still always necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Dietz
- Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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48
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Hsu SW, Cheng CL, Tzen TCJ, Wang CS. Rop GTPase and its target Cdc42/Rac-interactive-binding motif-containing protein genes respond to desiccation during pollen maturation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1197-1209. [PMID: 20488922 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report unique desiccation-associated ABA signaling transduction through which the Rop (Rho GTPase of plants) gene is regulated during the stage of pollen maturation. A gene encoding Rho GTPase was identified in lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) pollen. Phylogenetic tree analysis of lily LLP-Rop1 revealed that the protein shares greatest similarity with Group 4 Rops. The LLP-Rop1 gene was spatially and temporally regulated in lily plants during anther development. Accumulation of the LLP-Rop1 transcript decreased its level of accumulation while LLP-12-2, a Rop-interactive CRIB motif-containing (RIC) transcript increased either by premature drying of developing anther/pollen or by the exogenous application of various concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) during pollen maturation and tube growth. Application of norflurazon, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, also resulted in the downregulation of the LLP-Rop1 gene while LLP-12-2 was upregulated by ABA. Furthermore, an increase in ABA in the maturing pollen correlated with desiccation that occurred in the anther prior to anthesis. LLP-Rop1 overexpression inhibited tube elongation, and caused tube expansion and the formation of a ballooned tip. CFP-LLP-Rop1 was localized to the cytoplasm having a greater intensity along the tube plasma membrane. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of lily pollen tubes coexpressing CFP-LLP-Rop1 and YFP-LLP-12-2 demonstrated that LLP-12-2 is a target RIC protein of active LLP-Rop1, but the interaction between LLP-Rop1 and LLP-12-2 proteins is probably irrelevant of dehydration in the dried pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227
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49
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Recycling domains in plant cell morphogenesis: small GTPase effectors, plasma membrane signalling and the exocyst. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:723-8. [PMID: 20298250 DOI: 10.1042/bst0380723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Rho/Rop small GTPase regulatory module is central for initiating exocytotically ACDs (active cortical domains) in plant cell cortex, and a growing array of Rop regulators and effectors are being discovered in plants. Structural membrane phospholipids are important constituents of cells as well as signals, and phospholipid-modifying enzymes are well known effectors of small GTPases. We have shown that PLDs (phospholipases D) and their product, PA (phosphatidic acid), belong to the regulators of the secretory pathway in plants. We have also shown that specific NOXs (NADPH oxidases) producing ROS (reactive oxygen species) are involved in cell growth as exemplified by pollen tubes and root hairs. Most plant cells exhibit several distinct plasma membrane domains (ACDs), established and maintained by endocytosis/exocytosis-driven membrane protein recycling. We proposed recently the concept of a 'recycling domain' (RD), uniting the ACD and the connected endosomal recycling compartment (endosome), as a dynamic spatiotemporal entity. We have described a putative GTPase-effector complex exocyst involved in exocytic vesicle tethering in plants. Owing to the multiplicity of its Exo70 subunits, this complex, along with many RabA GTPases (putative recycling endosome organizers), may belong to core regulators of RD organization in plants.
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50
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Chen L, Hamada S, Fujiwara M, Zhu T, Thao NP, Wong HL, Krishna P, Ueda T, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Kawasaki T, Shimamoto K. The Hop/Sti1-Hsp90 chaperone complex facilitates the maturation and transport of a PAMP receptor in rice innate immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2010; 7:185-96. [PMID: 20227662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents a critical first step of innate defense in plants and animals. However, maturation and transport of PRRs are not well understood. We find that the rice chitin receptor OsCERK1 interacts with Hsp90 and its cochaperone Hop/Sti1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Hop/Sti1 and Hsp90 are required for efficient transport of OsCERK1 from the ER to the plasma membrane (PM) via a pathway dependent on Sar1, a small GTPase which regulates ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Further, Hop/Sti1 and Hsp90 are present at the PM in a complex (designated the "defensome") with OsRac1, a plant-specific Rho-type GTPase. Finally, Hop/Sti1 was required for chitin-triggered immunity and resistance to rice blast fungus. Our results suggest that the Hop/Sti1-Hsp90 chaperone complex plays an important and likely conserved role in the maturation and transport of PRRs and may function to link PRRs and Rac/Rop GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
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