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Noctor G, Cohen M, Trémulot L, Châtel-Innocenti G, Van Breusegem F, Mhamdi A. Glutathione: a key modulator of plant defence and metabolism through multiple mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4549-4572. [PMID: 38676714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions are fundamental to energy conversion in living cells, and also determine and tune responses to the environment. Within this context, the tripeptide glutathione plays numerous roles. As an important antioxidant, glutathione confers redox stability on the cell and also acts as an interface between signalling pathways and metabolic reactions that fuel growth and development. It also contributes to the assembly of cell components, biosynthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites, inactivation of potentially deleterious compounds, and control of hormonal signalling intensity. The multiplicity of these roles probably explains why glutathione status has been implicated in influencing plant responses to many different conditions. In particular, there is now a considerable body of evidence showing that glutathione is a crucial player in governing the outcome of biotic stresses. This review provides an overview of glutathione synthesis, transport, degradation, and redox turnover in plants. It examines the expression of genes associated with these processes during pathogen challenge and related conditions, and considers the diversity of mechanisms by which glutathione can influence protein function and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Mathias Cohen
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lug Trémulot
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Gilles Châtel-Innocenti
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Ponce TP, Bugança MDS, da Silva VS, de Souza RF, Moda-Cirino V, Tomaz JP. Differential Gene Expression in Contrasting Common Bean Cultivars for Drought Tolerance during an Extended Dry Period. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:935. [PMID: 39062714 PMCID: PMC11276061 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), besides being an important source of nutrients such as iron, magnesium, and protein, are crucial for food security, especially in developing countries. Common bean cultivation areas commonly face production challenges due to drought occurrences, mainly during the reproductive period. Dry spells last approximately 20 days, enough time to compromise production. Hence, it is crucial to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms that confer drought tolerance to improve common bean cultivars' adaptation to drought. Sixty six RNASeq libraries, generated from tolerant and sensitive cultivars in drought time sourced from the R5 phenological stage at 0 to 20 days of water deficit were sequenced, generated over 1.5 billion reads, that aligned to 62,524 transcripts originating from a reference transcriptome, as well as 6673 transcripts obtained via de novo assembly. Differentially expressed transcripts were functionally annotated, revealing a variety of genes associated with molecular functions such as oxidoreductase and transferase activity, as well as biological processes related to stress response and signaling. The presence of regulatory genes involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control was also highlighted, for example, LEA proteins and dehydrins associated with dehydration protection, and transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, and NAC, which modulate plant response to water deficit. Additionally, genes related to membrane and protein protection, as well as water and ion uptake and transport, were identified, including aquaporins, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferases, antioxidant enzymes such as GSTs and CYPs, and thioredoxins. This study highlights the complexity of plant response to water scarcity, focusing on the functional diversity of the genes involved and their participation in the biological processes essential for plant adaptation to water stress. The identification of regulatory and cell protection genes offers promising prospects for genetic improvement aiming at the production of common bean varieties more resistant to drought. These findings have the potential to drive sustainable agriculture, providing valuable insights to ensure food security in a context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pijus Ponce
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Conservacionista, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Michely da Silva Bugança
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Victória Stern da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Rogério Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Vânia Moda-Cirino
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Conservacionista, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Juarez Pires Tomaz
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Conservacionista, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
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3
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Zhang C, Li Z, Sun T, Zang S, Wang D, Su Y, Wu Q, Que Y. Sugarcane ScCAX4 is a Negative Regulator of Resistance to Pathogen Infection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13205-13216. [PMID: 38809782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger in various physiological processes within plants. The significance of the Ca2+/H+ exchanger (CAX) has been established in facilitating Ca2+ transport in plants; however, disease resistance functions of the CAX gene remain elusive. In this study, we conducted sequence characterization and expression analysis for a sugarcane CAX gene, ScCAX4 (GenBank Accession Number: MW206380). In order to further investigate the disease resistance functions, this gene was then transiently overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, which were subsequently inoculated with Fusarium solani var. coeruleum. Results showed that ScCAX4 overexpression increased the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to pathogen infection by regulating the expression of genes related to salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) pathways, suggesting its negative role in disease resistance. Furthermore, we genetically transformed the ScCAX4 gene into N. benthamiana and obtained three positive T2 generation lines. Interestingly, the symptomatology of transgenic plants was consistent with that of transient overexpression after pathogen inoculation. Notably, the JA content in transgenic overexpression lines was significantly higher than that in the wild-type. RNA-seq revealed that ScCAX4 could mediate multiple signaling pathways, and the JA signaling pathway played a key role in modulating disease resistance. Finally, a regulatory model was depicted for the increased susceptibility to pathogen infection conferred by the ScCAX4 gene. This study provides genetic resources for sugarcane molecular breeding and the research direction for plant CAX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Haikou, 571101 Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Haikou, 571101 Hainan, China
| | - Shoujian Zang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qibin Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Haikou, 571101 Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Haikou, 571101 Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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4
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Jiménez A, López-Martínez R, Martí MC, Cano-Yelo D, Sevilla F. The integration of TRX/GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in plant stress and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108298. [PMID: 38176187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant acclimation to changing environmental conditions involves the interaction of different signalling molecules, including reactive oxygen species and hormones. Redox regulation exerted by thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX), two oxidoreductases, is emerging as a specific point of control mediating signal transduction pathways associated with plant growth and stress response. Phytohormones are messengers that coordinate plant cell activities to regulate growth, defence, and productivity, although their cross-talk with components of the redox system is less known. The present review focuses on our current knowledge of the interplay that occurs between TRX and GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in connection with the control of plant development and stress responses. Here, we consider the regulation that phytohormones exert on TRX and GRX systems, as well as the involvement of these redox proteins in the control of phytohormone-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel López-Martínez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Desiré Cano-Yelo
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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5
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Mahiwal S, Pahuja S, Pandey GK. Review: Structural-functional relationship of WRKY transcription factors: Unfolding the role of WRKY in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128769. [PMID: 38096937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
WRKY as the name suggests, are the transcription factors (TFs) that contain the signature WRKY domains, hence named after it. Since their discovery in 1994, they have been well studied in plants with exploration of approximately 74 WRKY genes in the model plant, Arabidopsis alone. However, the study of these transcription factors (TFs) is not just limited to model plant now. They have been studied widely in crop plants as well, because of their tremendous contribution in stress as well as in growth and development. Here, in this review, we describe the story of WRKY TFs from their identification to their origin, the binding mechanisms, structure and their contribution in regulating plant development and stress physiology. High throughput transcriptomics-based data also opened a doorway to understand the comprehensive and detailed functioning of WRKY TFs in plants. Indeed, the detailed functional role of each and every WRKY member in regulating the gene expression is required to pave the path to develop holistic understanding of their role in stress physiology and developmental processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sonam Pahuja
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
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6
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Kumar D, Chaudhury RS, Mandal K, Pradhan P, Bhattacharya S, Das B, Mukhopadhyay R, Phani V, Prudveesh K, Nath S, Mandal R, Boro P. Identification of genes associated to β -N oxalyl- L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid and their role in mitigating salt stress in a low-neurotoxin cultivar of Lathyrus sativus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108388. [PMID: 38295528 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Grass pea has the potential to become a miracle crop if the stigma attached to it as a toxic plant is ignored. In light of the following, we conducted transcriptome analyses on the high and low ODAP-containing cultivars i.e., Nirmal and Bidhan respectively in both normal and salt stress conditions. In this study, genes that work upstream and downstream to β-ODAP have been found. Among these genes, AAO3 and ACL5 were related to ABA and polyamine biosynthesis, showing the relevance of ABA and polyamines in boosting the β-ODAP content in Nirmal. Elevated β-ODAP levels in salt stress-treated Bidhan may have evolved tolerance by positively regulating the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid and jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Although the concentration of β-ODAP in Bidhan increased under salt stress, it was lower than in stress-treated Nirmal. Despite this, the expression of stress-related genes that work downstream to β-ODAP was found higher in stress-treated Bidhan. This could be because stress-treated Nirmal has lower GSH, proline, and higher H2O2, resulting in the development of severe oxidative stress. Overall, our research not only identified new genes linked with β-ODAP, but also revealed the molecular mechanism by which a low β-ODAP-containing cultivar developed tolerance against salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Majhian, West Bengal, India.
| | - Riman Saha Chaudhury
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, The Neotia University, Sarisha, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, India
| | - Kajal Mandal
- Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Prajjwal Pradhan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Sampurna Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Bimal Das
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Ria Mukhopadhyay
- School of Agriculture, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Victor Phani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Majhian, West Bengal, India
| | - Kantamraju Prudveesh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Majhian, West Bengal, India
| | - Sahanob Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupsanatan Mandal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Boro
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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7
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Nowroz F, Hasanuzzaman M, Siddika A, Parvin K, Caparros PG, Nahar K, Prasad PV. Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1244515. [PMID: 38264020 PMCID: PMC10803661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1244515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport. Ozone can lead to stomatal closure and alter stomatal conductance, thereby hindering carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Ozone-induced leaf chlorosis is common. All of these factors lead to a reduction in photosynthesis under O3 stress. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 disrupts plant physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, respiration, and translocation of assimilates and metabolites. As a result, plant growth and reproductive performance are negatively affected. Thus, reduction in crop yield and deterioration of crop quality are the greatest effects of O3 stress on plants. Increased rates of hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and ion leakage are the common indicators of oxidative damage in plants exposed to O3 stress. Ozone disrupts the antioxidant defense system of plants by disturbing enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. Improving photosynthetic pathways, various physiological processes, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone regulation, which can be achieved through various approaches, have been reported as vital strategies for improving O3 stress tolerance in plants. In plants, O3 stress can be mitigated in several ways. However, improvements in crop management practices, CO2 fertilization, using chemical elicitors, nutrient management, and the selection of tolerant crop varieties have been documented to mitigate O3 stress in different plant species. In this review, the responses of O3-exposed plants are summarized, and different mitigation strategies to decrease O3 stress-induced damage and crop losses are discussed. Further research should be conducted to determine methods to mitigate crop loss, enhance plant antioxidant defenses, modify physiological characteristics, and apply protectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Nowroz
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khursheda Parvin
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pedro Garcia Caparros
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - P.V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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8
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Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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9
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Backer R, Naidoo S, van den Berg N. The expression of the NPR1-dependent defense response pathway genes in Persea americana (Mill.) following infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:548. [PMID: 37936068 PMCID: PMC10631175 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A plant's defense against pathogens involves an extensive set of phytohormone regulated defense signaling pathways. The salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway is one of the most well-studied in plant defense. The bulk of SA-related defense gene expression and the subsequent establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is dependent on the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1). Therefore, understanding the NPR1 pathway and all its associations has the potential to provide valuable insights into defense against pathogens. The causal agent of Phytophthora root rot (PRR), Phytophthora cinnamomi, is of particular importance to the avocado (Persea americana) industry, which encounters considerable economic losses on account of this pathogen each year. Furthermore, P. cinnamomi is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, suggesting that the SA-signaling pathway plays an essential role in the initial defense response. Therefore, the NPR1 pathway which regulates downstream SA-induced gene expression would be instrumental in defense against P. cinnamomi. Thus, we identified 92 NPR1 pathway-associated orthologs from the P. americana West Indian pure accession genome and interrogated their expression following P. cinnamomi inoculation, using RNA-sequencing data. In total, 64 and 51 NPR1 pathway-associated genes were temporally regulated in the partially resistant (Dusa®) and susceptible (R0.12) P. americana rootstocks, respectively. Furthermore, 42 NPR1 pathway-associated genes were differentially regulated when comparing Dusa® to R0.12. Although this study suggests that SAR was established successfully in both rootstocks, the evidence presented indicated that Dusa® suppressed SA-signaling more effectively following the induction of SAR. Additionally, contrary to Dusa®, data from R0.12 suggested a substantial lack of SA- and NPR1-related defense gene expression during some of the earliest time-points following P. cinnamomi inoculation. This study represents the most comprehensive investigation of the SA-induced, NPR1-dependent pathway in P. americana to date. Lastly, this work provides novel insights into the likely mechanisms governing P. cinnamomi resistance in P. americana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Backer
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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10
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Song H, Guo Z, Duan Z, Li M, Zhang J. WRKY transcription factors in Arachis hypogaea and its donors: From identification to function prediction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108131. [PMID: 37897893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Since the initial isolation of a WRKY TF in Ipomoea batatas in 1994, WRKY TFs have been identified in plants, protozoa, and fungi. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a key oil and protein crop for humans and a forage source for animal consumption. Several Arachis genomes have been sequenced and genome-wide WRKY TFs have been identified. In this review, we summarized WRKY TFs and their functions in A. hypogaea and its donors. We also standardized the nomenclature for Arachis WRKY TFs to ensure uniformity. We determined the evolutionary relationships between Arachis and Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY (AtWRKY) TFs using a phylogenetic analysis. Biological functions and regulatory networks of Arachis WRKY TFs were predicted using AtWRKY TFs. Thus, this review paves the way for studies of Arachis WRKY TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhenquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Meiran Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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11
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Arnaiz A, Romero-Puertas MC, Santamaria ME, Rosa-Diaz I, Arbona V, Muñoz A, Grbic V, González-Melendi P, Mar Castellano M, Sandalio LM, Martinez M, Diaz I. The Arabidopsis thioredoxin TRXh5regulates the S-nitrosylation pattern of the TIRK receptor being both proteins essential in the modulation of defences to Tetranychus urticae. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102902. [PMID: 37797370 PMCID: PMC10622877 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between plants and phytophagous arthropods encompasses a complex network of molecules, signals, and pathways to overcome defences generated by each interacting organism. Although most of the elements and modulators involved in this interplay are still unidentified, plant redox homeostasis and signalling are essential for the establishment of defence responses. Here, focusing on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, we demonstrate the involvement in plant defence of the thioredoxin TRXh5, a small redox protein whose expression is induced by mite infestation. TRXh5 is localized in the cell membrane system and cytoplasm and is associated with alterations in the content of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Protein S-nitrosylation signal in TRXh5 over-expression lines is decreased and alteration in TRXh5 level produces changes in the JA/SA hormonal crosstalk of infested plants. Moreover, TRXh5 interacts and likely regulates the redox state of an uncharacterized receptor-like kinase, named THIOREDOXIN INTERACTING RECEPTOR KINASE (TIRK), also induced by mite herbivory. Feeding bioassays performed withTRXh5 over-expression plants result in lower leaf damage and reduced egg accumulation after T. urticae infestation than in wild-type (WT) plants. In contrast, mites cause a more severe injury in trxh5 mutant lines where a greater number of eggs accumulates. Likewise, analysis of TIRK-gain and -loss-of-function lines demonstrate the defence role of this receptor in Arabidopsis against T. urticae. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the interaction between TRXh5 and TIRK and highlight the importance of TRXh5 and TIRK in the establishment of effective Arabidopsis defences against spider mite herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Rosa-Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Muñoz
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5BT, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Mar Castellano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luisa Maria Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Sevilla F, Martí MC, De Brasi-Velasco S, Jiménez A. Redox regulation, thioredoxins, and glutaredoxins in retrograde signalling and gene transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5955-5969. [PMID: 37453076 PMCID: PMC10575703 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signal transduction pathways via redox sensors and the thiol-dependent signalling network is of increasing interest in cell biology for their implications in plant growth and productivity. Redox regulation is an important point of control in protein structure, interactions, cellular location, and function, with thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs) being key players in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. The crosstalk between second messengers, ROS, thiol redox signalling, and redox homeostasis-related genes controls almost every aspect of plant development and stress response. We review the emerging roles of TRXs and GRXs in redox-regulated processes interacting with other cell signalling systems such as organellar retrograde communication and gene expression, especially in plants during their development and under stressful environments. This approach will cast light on the specific role of these proteins as redox signalling components, and their importance in different developmental processes during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sabrina De Brasi-Velasco
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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13
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Ben Saad R, Ben Romdhane W, Baazaoui N, Bouteraa MT, Chouaibi Y, Mnif W, Ben Hsouna A, Kačániová M. Functional Characterization of Lobularia maritima LmTrxh2 Gene Involved in Cold Tolerance in Tobacco through Alleviation of ROS Damage to the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033030. [PMID: 36769352 PMCID: PMC9917683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is a key environmental factor affecting plant growth and development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in all organisms and implicated in several cellular processes, including redox reactions. However, their role in the regulation of cold stress in the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima remains unknown. We recently showed that overexpression of LmTrxh2, which is the gene that encodes the h-type Trx protein previously isolated from L. maritima, led to an enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco. This study functionally characterized the LmTrxh2 gene via its overexpression in tobacco and explored its cold tolerance mechanisms. Results of the RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated differential temporal and spatial regulation of LmTrxh2 in L. maritima under cold stress at 4 °C. LmTrxh2 overexpression enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic tobacco, as evidenced by increased germination rate, fresh weight and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities; reduced malondialdehyde levels, membrane leakage, superoxide anion (O2-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels; and higher retention of chlorophyll than in non-transgenic plants (NT). Furthermore, the transcript levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (NtSOD and NtCAT1), stress-responsive late embryogenis abundant protein 5 (NtLEA5), early response to dehydration 10C (NtERD10C), DRE-binding proteins 1A (NtDREB1A), and cold-responsive (COR) genes (NtCOR15A, NtCOR47, and NtKIN1) were upregulated in transgenic lines compared with those in NT plants under cold stress, indicating that LmTrxh2 conferred cold stress tolerance by enhancing the ROS scavenging ability of plants, thus enabling them to maintain membrane integrity. These results suggest that LmTrxh2 promotes cold tolerance in tobacco and provide new insight into the improvement of cold-stress resistance to cold stress in non-halophyte plants and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ben Saad
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (R.B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Chouaibi
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Faculty of Horticulture, Institute of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.B.S.); (M.K.)
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14
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Borrowman S, Kapuganti JG, Loake GJ. Expanding roles for S-nitrosylation in the regulation of plant immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:357-368. [PMID: 36513331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Following pathogen recognition, plant cells produce a nitrosative burst resulting in a striking increase in nitric oxide (NO), altering the redox state of the cell, which subsequently helps orchestrate a plethora of immune responses. NO is a potent redox cue, efficiently relayed between proteins through its co-valent attachment to highly specific, powerfully reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiols, resulting in formation of protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). This process, known as S-nitrosylation, can modulate the function of target proteins, enabling responsiveness to cellular redox changes. Key targets of S-nitrosylation control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the transcription of immune-response genes, the triggering of the hypersensitive response (HR) and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here, we bring together recent advances in the control of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation, furthering our appreciation of how changes in cellular redox status reprogramme plant immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Borrowman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | | | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK; Centre for Engineering Biology, Max Born Crescent, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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15
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Zhou J, Song T, Zhou H, Zhang M, Li N, Xiang J, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification, characterization, evolution, and expression pattern analyses of the typical thioredoxin gene family in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020584. [PMID: 36618641 PMCID: PMC9813791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Typical thioredoxin (TRX) plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in plants. However, the typical TRX genes in wheat still need to be comprehensively and deeply studied. In this research, a total of 48 typical TaTRX genes belonging to eight subtypes were identified via a genome-wide search in wheat, and the gene structures, protein conserved motifs, and protein 3D structures of the same subtype were very similar. Evolutionary analysis showed that there are two pairs of tandem duplication genes and 14 clusters of segmental duplication genes in typical TaTRX family members; TaTRX15, TaTRX36, and TaTRX42 had positive selection compared with the orthologs of their ancestral species; rice and maize have 11 and 13 orthologous typical TRXs with wheat, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that typical TaTRXs were involved in maintaining redox homeostasis in wheat cells. Estimation of ROS content, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression analysis in a line overexpressing one typical TaTRX confirmed that TRX plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in wheat. A predictive analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter region showed that typical TaTRXs were extensively involved in various hormone metabolism and response processes to stress. The results predicted using public databases or verified using RT-qPCR show that typical TaTRXs were able to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, and their expression in wheat was spatiotemporal. A total of 16 wheat proteins belonging to four different families interacting with typical TaTRXs were predicted. The above comprehensive analysis of typical TaTRX genes can enrich our understanding of this gene family in wheat and provide valuable insights for further gene function research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Singh A, Banerjee A, Roychoudhury A. Fluoride tolerance in rice is negatively regulated by the 'stress-phytohormone' abscisic acid (ABA), but promoted by ABA-antagonist growth regulators, melatonin, and gibberellic acid. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1331-1350. [PMID: 35084591 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript aimed at investigating whether abscisic acid (ABA) promotes fluoride tolerance, similar to inciting salt adaptation in rice. Seeds of three salt-tolerant rice genotypes were maintained at 32 °C under 16/8 h light/dark photoperiodic cycle with 700 μmol photons m-2 s-1 intensity and 50% relative humidity in a plant growth chamber for 20 days. Suppressed ABA biosynthesis, and downregulated expression of ABA-inducible genes like Rab16A, Osem, and TRAB1 triggered NaCl-induced growth inhibition and physiological injuries like chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage, formation of H2O2, malondialdehyde, and methylglyoxal in Matla. Reduced ABA accumulation increased the levels of melatonin and gibberellic acid in NaF (50 mg L-1)-stressed Nonabokra and Matla, which altogether promoted fluoride tolerance. Higher ABA content in NaF-stressed Jarava stimulated fluoride uptake via chloride channels, thus exhibiting severe fluoride susceptibility, in spite of higher production of ABA-associated osmolytes like proline, glycine-betaine and polyamines via the concerted action of genes like PDH, ADC, ODC, SAMDC, SPDS, SPMS, DAO, and PAO. Increased accumulation of compatible solutes in presence of high endogenous ABA promoted salt tolerance in Jarava; the same was insufficient to ameliorate fluoride-induced injuries in this cultivar. Treatment with ABA biosynthetic inhibitor, Na2WO4 promoted fluoride tolerance in Jarava, whereas further supplementation with exogenous ABA resulted in reversion back to fluoride-susceptible phenotype. Our work clearly established that ABA cannot always be considered as a 'universal' stress hormone as known in literature, since it acts as a negative regulator of fluoride tolerance which is more tightly regulated in rice via melatonin- and gibberellic acid-dependent pathways in ABA-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Yu X, Hou Y, Cao L, Zhou T, Wang S, Hu K, Chen J, Qu S. MicroRNA candidate miRcand137 in apple is induced by Botryosphaeria dothidea for impairing host defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1814-1832. [PMID: 35512059 PMCID: PMC9237668 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing is a master gene regulatory pathway in plant-pathogen interactions. The differential accumulation of miRNAs among plant varieties alters the expression of target genes, affecting plant defense responses and causing resistance differences among varieties. Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important phytopathogenic fungus of apple (Malus domestica). Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, a wild apple species, is highly resistant, whereas the apple cultivar "Fuji" is highly susceptible. Here, we identified a 22-nt miRNA candidate named miRcand137 that compromises host resistance to B. dothidea infection and whose processing was affected by precursor sequence variation between M. hupehensis and "Fuji." miRcand137 guides the direct cleavage of and produced target-derived secondary siRNA against Ethylene response factor 14 (ERF14), a transcriptional activator of pathogenesis-related homologs that confers disease resistance to apple. We showed that miRcand137 acts as an inhibitor of apple immunity by compromising ERF14-mediated anti-fungal defense and revealed a negative association between miRcand137 expression and B. dothidea sensitivity in both resistant and susceptible apples. Furthermore, MIRCAND137 was transcriptionally activated by the invading fungi but not by the fungal elicitor, implying B. dothidea induced host miRcand137 as an infection strategy. We propose that the inefficient miRcand137 processing in M. hupehensis decreased pathogen-initiated miRcand137 accumulation, leading to higher resistance against B. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yingjun Hou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lifang Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Sanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kaixu Hu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Lelarge-Trouverie C, Mhamdi A, Guérard F, Noctor G. Measuring Stress-Induced Changes in Defense Phytohormones and Related Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2526:215-223. [PMID: 35657523 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring quantitative changes in plant hormones and derivatives is crucial to understand how reactive oxygen species trigger signaling cascades to regulate stress responses. In this chapter, we describe the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure that we use to extract and quantify salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and related compounds in common extracts of Arabidopsis tissue. The method can provide quantitative data on SA, SA glucosides, and JA, as well as information on oxidized and conjugated forms of these compounds and related derivatives of benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lelarge-Trouverie
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Florence Guérard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay Cedex, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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19
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Xu P, Ma W, Liu J, Hu J, Cai W. Overexpression of a small GTP-binding protein Ran1 in Arabidopsis leads to promoted elongation growth and enhanced disease resistance against P. syringae DC3000. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:977-991. [PMID: 34312926 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants resist infection through an innate immune response, which is usually associated with slowing of growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying the trade-off between plant growth and defense remain unclear. The present study reveals that growth/defense trade-offs mediated by gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways are uncoupled during constitutive overexpression of transgenic AtRAN1 and AtRAN1Q72L (active, GTP-locked form) Arabidopsis plants. It is well known that the small GTP-binding protein Ran (a Ras-related nuclear protein) functions in the nucleus-cytoplasmic transport of proteins. Although there is considerable evidence indicating that nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of specific proteins can participate in hormone signaling, the role of Ran-dependent nuclear transport in hormone signaling is not yet fully understood. In this report, we used a combination of genetic and molecular methods to reveal whether AtRAN1 is involved in both GA and SA signaling pathways. Constitutively overexpressed AtRAN1 promoted both elongation growth and the disease resistance response, whereas overexpression of AtRAN1Q72L in the atran2atran3 double mutant background clearly inhibited elongation growth and the defense response. Furthermore, we found that AtRAN1 coordinated plant growth and defense by promoting the stability of the DELLA protein RGA in the nucleus and by modulating NPR1 nuclear localization. Interestingly, genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa) overexpressing AtRAN1 exhibited increased plant height and yield per plant. Altogether, the ability to achieve growth/defense trade-offs through AtRAN1 overexpression provides an approach to maximizing crop yield to meet rising global food demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Microbiology and Immunity Department, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, No. 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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20
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Chibani K, Pucker B, Dietz KJ, Cavanagh A. Genome-wide analysis and transcriptional regulation of the typical and atypical thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2715-2730. [PMID: 34561866 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs), a large subclass of ubiquitous oxidoreductases, are involved in thiol redox regulation. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of TRXs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, revealing 41 genes encoding 18 typical and 23 atypical TRXs, and 6 genes encoding thioredoxin reductases (TRs). The high number of atypical TRXs indicates special functions in plants that mostly await elucidation. We identified an atypical class of thioredoxins called TRX-c in the genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Localized to the chloroplast, TRX-c displays atypical CPLC, CHLC and CNLC motifs in the active sites. In silico analysis of the transcriptional regulations of TRXs revealed high expression of TRX-c in leaves and strong regulation under cold, osmotic, salinity and metal ion stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chibani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Department of Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Amanda Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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21
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Saleem M, Fariduddin Q, Castroverde CDM. Salicylic acid: A key regulator of redox signalling and plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:381-397. [PMID: 34715564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and developmental signaling. However, biotic and abiotic stresses can cause ROS over-accumulation leading to oxidative stress. Therefore, a suitable equilibrium is vital for redox homeostasis in plants, and there have been major advances in this research arena. Salicylic acid (SA) is known as a chief regulator of ROS; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. SA plays an important role in establishing the hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This is underpinned by a robust and complex network of SA with Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis Related protein-1 (NPR1), ROS, calcium ions (Ca2+), nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation of ROS and antioxidant defense system signalling by SA at the physiological and molecular levels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how SA controls redox homeostasis would provide a fundamental framework to develop approaches that will improve plant growth and fitness, in order to meet the increasing global demand for food and bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saleem
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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22
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Shi B, Wang J, Gao H, Yang Q, Wang Y, Day B, Ma Q. The small GTP-binding protein TaRop10 interacts with TaTrxh9 and functions as a negative regulator of wheat resistance against the stripe rust. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110937. [PMID: 34134844 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins, also known as ROPs (Rho of Plants), are a subfamily of the Ras superfamily of signaling G-proteins and are required for numerous signaling processes, ranging from growth and development to biotic and abiotic signaling. In this study, we cloned and characterized wheat TaRop10, a homolog of Arabidopsis ROP10 and member of the class II ROP, and uncovered a role for TaRop10 in wheat response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). TaRop10 was downregulated by actin depolymerization and was observed to be differentially induced by abiotic stress and the perception of plant hormones. A combination of yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that TaRop10 interacted with a h-type thioredoxin (TaTrxh9). Knocking-down of TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 was performed using the BSMV-VIGS (barley stripe mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing) technique and revealed that TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 play a role in the negative regulation of defense signaling in response to Pst infection. In total, the data presented herein further illuminate our understanding of how intact plant cells accommodate fungal infection structures, and furthermore, support the function of TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 in negative modulation of defense signaling in response to stripe rust infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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23
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Wang J, Liang C, Yang S, Song J, Li X, Dai X, Wang F, Juntawong N, Tan F, Zhang X, Jiao C, Zou X, Chen W. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of heat stress-induced mechanisms in pepper seedlings. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11509. [PMID: 34141478 PMCID: PMC8180192 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most important vegetable crops, pepper has rich nutritional value and high economic value. Increasing heat stress due to the global warming has a negative impact on the growth and yield of pepper. Methods To understand the heat stress response mechanism of pepper, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was employed to identify possible heat-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways in 17CL30 and 05S180 pepper seedlings under heat stress. Result In the present study, we investigated the changes of phenotype, physiology, and proteome in heat-tolerant (17CL30) and heat-sensitive (05S180) pepper cultivars in response to heat stress. Phenotypic and physiological changes showed that 17CL30 had a stronger ability to resist heat stress compared with 05S180. In proteomic analysis, a total of 3,874 proteins were identified, and 1,591 proteins were considered to participate in the process of heat stress response. According to bioinformatic analysis of heat-responsive proteins, the heat tolerance of 17CL30 might be related to a higher ROS scavenging, photosynthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress defense, compared with 05S180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengliang Liang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jingshuang Song
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongze Dai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Niran Juntawong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fangjun Tan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xilu Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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24
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Bleau JR, Spoel SH. Selective redox signaling shapes plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:53-65. [PMID: 33793940 PMCID: PMC8154045 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A review of recent progress in understanding the mechanisms whereby plants utilize selective and reversible redox signaling to establish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade R Bleau
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Author for communication:
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25
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Schreiber KJ, Chau-Ly IJ, Lewis JD. What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1029. [PMID: 34064647 PMCID: PMC8150971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic bacteria possess an arsenal of effector proteins that enable them to subvert host recognition and manipulate the host to promote pathogen fitness. The type III secretion system (T3SS) delivers type III-secreted effector proteins (T3SEs) from bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and various Xanthomonas species. These T3SEs interact with and modify a range of intracellular host targets to alter their activity and thereby attenuate host immune signaling. Pathogens have evolved T3SEs with diverse biochemical activities, which can be difficult to predict in the absence of structural data. Interestingly, several T3SEs are activated following injection into the host cell. Here, we review T3SEs with documented enzymatic activities, as well as T3SEs that facilitate virulence-promoting processes either indirectly or through non-enzymatic mechanisms. We discuss the mechanisms by which T3SEs are activated in the cell, as well as how T3SEs modify host targets to promote virulence or trigger immunity. These mechanisms may suggest common enzymatic activities and convergent targets that could be manipulated to protect crop plants from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Schreiber
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (K.J.S.); (I.J.C.-L.)
| | - Ilea J. Chau-Ly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (K.J.S.); (I.J.C.-L.)
| | - Jennifer D. Lewis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (K.J.S.); (I.J.C.-L.)
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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26
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Boubakri H, Chihaoui SA, Najjar E, Gargouri M, Barhoumi F, Jebara M. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of H-type Trx family in Phaseolus vulgaris revealed distinctive isoforms associated with symbiotic N 2-fixing performance and abiotic stress response. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 260:153410. [PMID: 33765508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are implicated in plant development and stress tolerance through redox regulation of target proteins. Trxs of Type h (Trxhs) constitute the largest and the most complicated cluster in the Trx family because of their unknown individual functions. Here, we identified and characterized the Phaseolus vulgaris Trxh family during development, mutualistic interactions and in response to abiotic stress. P. vulgaris (common bean) Trxh gene family (PvTrxh) encompasses 12 isoforms (PvTrxh1-h12), subdivided into 3 groups according to their amino acid sequence features. In silico RNA-seq -based expression analysis showed a differential expression of PvTrxh genes during development. RT-qPCR analysis of PvTrxh genes during nodule organogenesis revealed their highest expression in the nodule primordium (NP). Interestingly, in response to symbiosis, specific PvTrxh isoforms (PvTrxh3 and h5) were found to be highly upregulated compared to mock-inoculated plants. In addition, their expression patterns in the NP positively correlated with the symbiotic N2-fixing efficiency of the Rhizobium strain, as revealed by a number of symbiotic efficiency parameters (ARA, leghemoglobin content, biomass, and total soluble proteins), concomitantly with increased amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). On the other hand, distinctive PvTrxh isoforms were found to be upregulated in plant leaves, where H2O2 amounts were elevated, in response to both salt and drought constraints. When exogenously applied, H2O2 upregulated specific PvTrxh isoforms in plant leaves and roots. These findings point to a specific, rather than redundant, function for Trxh proteins in common bean beside the association of distinctive Trxh isoforms with symbiosis and abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Boubakri
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Saif-Allah Chihaoui
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Eya Najjar
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Gargouri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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27
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Thioredoxin h2 and o1 Show Different Subcellular Localizations and Redox-Active Functions, and Are Extrachloroplastic Factors Influencing Photosynthetic Performance in Fluctuating Light. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050705. [PMID: 33946819 PMCID: PMC8147087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains eight different h-type thioredoxins (Trx) being distributed in different cell organelles. Although Trx h2 is deemed to be confined to mitochondria, its subcellular localization and function are discussed controversially. Here, cell fractionation studies were used to clarify this question, showing Trx h2 protein to be exclusively localized in microsomes rather than mitochondria. Furthermore, Arabidopsis trxo1, trxh2 and trxo1h2 mutants were analyzed to compare the role of Trx h2 with mitochondrial Trx o1. Under medium light, trxo1 and trxo1h2 showed impaired growth, while trxh2 was similar to wild type. In line with this, trxo1 and trxo1h2 clustered differently from wild type with respect to nocturnal metabolite profiles, revealing a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione redox states. Under fluctuating light, these genotypic differences were attenuated. Instead, the trxo1h2 double mutant showed an improved NADPH redox balance, compared to wild type, accompanied by increased photosynthetic efficiency, specifically in the high-light phases. Conclusively, Trx h2 and Trx o1 are differentially localized in microsomes and mitochondria, respectively, which is associated with different redox-active functions and effects on plant growth in constant light, while there is a joint role of both Trxs in regulating NADPH redox balance and photosynthetic performance in fluctuating light.
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28
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Shi B, Zhao X, Li M, Dong Z, Yang Q, Wang Y, Gao H, Day B, Ma Q. Wheat Thioredoxin ( TaTrxh1) Associates With RD19-Like Cysteine Protease TaCP1 to Defend Against Stripe Rust Fungus Through Modulation of Programmed Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:426-438. [PMID: 33297713 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0304-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) function within the antioxidant network through modulation of one or more redox reactions involved in oxidative-stress signaling. Given their function in regulating cellular redox, Trx proteins also fulfill key roles in plant immune signaling. Here, TaTrxh1, encoding a subgroup h member of the Trx family, was identified and cloned in wheat (Triticum aestivum), which was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici invasion and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Overexpression of TaTrxh1 in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) induced programmed cell death. Silencing of TaTrxh1 in wheat enhanced susceptibility to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in different aspects, including reactive oxygen species accumulation and pathogen-responsive or -related gene expression. Herein, we observed that the cellular concentration of SA was significantly reduced in TaTrxh1-silenced plants, indicating that TaTrxh1 possibly regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust through a SA-associated defense signaling pathway. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify TaTrxh1-interacting partners, we further show that interaction with TaCP1 (a RD19-like cysteine protease) and subsequent silencing of TaCP1 reduced wheat resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. In total, the data presented herein demonstrate that TaTrxh1 enhances wheat resistance against P. striiformis f. sp. tritici via SA-dependent resistance signaling and that TaTrxh1 interaction with TaCP1 is required for wheat resistance to stripe rust.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinbei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Nunes da Silva M, Santos CS, Cruz A, López-Villamor A, Vasconcelos MW. Chitosan increases Pinus pinaster tolerance to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by promoting plant antioxidative metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3781. [PMID: 33580134 PMCID: PMC7881030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pine wilt disease (PWD), for which no effective treatment is available at the moment, is a constant threat to Pinus spp. plantations worldwide, being responsible for significant economic and environmental losses every year. It has been demonstrated that elicitation with chitosan increases plant tolerance to the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of the PWD, but the biochemical and genetic aspects underlying this response have not been explored. To understand the influence of chitosan in Pinus pinaster tolerance against PWN, a low-molecular-weight (327 kDa) chitosan was applied to mock- and PWN-inoculated plants. Nematode population, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, lignin and gene expression related to oxidative stress (thioredoxin 1, TRX) and plant defence (defensin, DEF, and a-farnesene synthase, AFS), were analysed at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). At 28 dpi, PWN-infected plants elicited with chitosan showed a sixfold lower nematode population when compared to non-elicited plants. Higher levels of MDA, catalase, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and lignin were detected in chitosan-elicited plants following infection. The expression levels of DEF gene were higher in elicited plants, while TRX and AFS expression was lower, possibly due to the disease containment-effect of chitosan. Combined, we conclude that chitosan induces pine defences against PWD via modulation of metabolic and transcriptomic mechanisms related with plant antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nunes da Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla S Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cruz
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián López-Villamor
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Carballeira 8, Salcedo, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
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Deschoenmaeker F, Mihara S, Niwa T, Taguchi H, Wakabayashi KI, Toyoshima M, Shimizu H, Hisabori T. Thioredoxin pathway in anabaena sp. PCC 7120: activity of NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C. J Biochem 2021; 169:709-719. [PMID: 33537746 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the physiological role of NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) in cyanobacteria, we investigated an NTRC-deficient mutant strain of Anabaena sp., PCC 7120, cultivated under different regimes of nitrogen supplementation and light exposure. The deletion of ntrC did not induce a change in the cell structure and metabolic pathways. However, time-dependent changes in the abundance of specific proteins and metabolites were observed. A decrease in chlorophyll a was correlated with a decrease in chlorophyll a biosynthesis enzymes and PSI subunits. The deletion of ntrC led to a deregulation of nitrogen metabolism, including the NtcA accumulation and heterocyst-specific proteins while nitrate ions were available in the culture medium. Interestingly, this deletion resulted in a redox imbalance, indicated by higher peroxide levels, higher catalase activity, and the induction of chaperones such as MsrA. Surprisingly, the antioxidant protein 2-Cys Prx was down-regulated. The deficiency in ntrC also resulted in the accumulation of metabolites such as 6-phosphogluconate, ADP, and ATP. Higher levels of NADP+ and NADPH partly correlated with higher G6PDH activity. Rather than impacting protein expression levels, NTRC appears to be involved in the direct regulation of enzymes, especially during the dark to light transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Deschoenmaeker
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toyoshima
- Department of Bioinformatic Engeneering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engeneering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Genome-Wide Analysis of LysM-Containing Gene Family in Wheat: Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis during Development and Defense. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010031. [PMID: 33383636 PMCID: PMC7823900 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysin motif (LysM) family comprise a number of defense proteins that play important roles in plant immunity. The LysM family includes LysM-containing receptor-like proteins (LYP) and LysM-containing receptor-like kinase (LYK). LysM generally recognizes the chitin and peptidoglycan derived from bacteria and fungi. Approximately 4000 proteins with the lysin motif (Pfam PF01476) are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our study identified 57 LysM genes and 60 LysM proteins in wheat and renamed these genes and proteins based on chromosome distribution. According to the phylogenetic and gene structure of intron-exon distribution analysis, the 60 LysM proteins were classified into seven groups. Gene duplication events had occurred among the LysM family members during the evolution process, resulting in an increase in the LysM gene family. Synteny analysis suggested the characteristics of evolution of the LysM family in wheat and other species. Systematic analysis of these species provided a foundation of LysM genes in crop defense. A comprehensive analysis of the expression and cis-elements of LysM gene family members suggested that they play an essential role in defending against plant pathogens. The present study provides an overview of the LysM family in the wheat genome as well as information on systematic, phylogenetic, gene duplication, and intron-exon distribution analyses that will be helpful for future functional analysis of this important protein family, especially in Gramineae species.
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Ji H, Liu D, Zhang Z, Sun J, Han B, Li Z. A bacterial F-box effector suppresses SAR immunity through mediating the proteasomal degradation of OsTrxh2 in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1054-1072. [PMID: 32881160 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial pathogens usually cause diseases by secreting and translocating numerous virulence effectors into host cells and suppressing various host immunity pathways. It has been demonstrated that the extensive ubiquitin systems of host cells are frequently interfered with or hijacked by numerous pathogenic bacteria, through various strategies. Some type-III secretion system (T3SS) effectors of plant pathogens have been demonstrated to impersonate the F-box protein (FBP) component of the SKP1/CUL1/F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin system for their own benefit. Although numerous putative eukaryotic-like F-box effectors have been screened for different bacterial pathogens by bioinformatics analyses, the targets of most F-box effectors in host immune systems remain unknown. Here, we show that XopI, a putative F-box effector of African Xoo (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) strain BAI3, strongly inhibits the host's OsNPR1-dependent resistance to Xoo. The xopI knockout mutant displays lower virulence in Oryza sativa (rice) than BAI3. Mechanistically, we identify a thioredoxin protein, OsTrxh2, as an XopI-interacting protein in rice. Although OsTrxh2 positively regulates rice immunity by catalyzing the dissociation of OsNPR1 into monomers in rice, the XopI effector serves as an F-box adapter to form an OSK1-XopI-OsTrxh2 interaction complex, and further disrupts OsNPR1-mediated resistance through proteasomal degradation of OsTrxh2. Our results indicate that XopI targets OsTrxh2 and further represses OsNPR1-dependent signaling, thereby subverting systemic acquired resistance (SAR) immunity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ji
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhaoxin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Plant Protection, Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, 253015, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Wang P, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Cai Z, Liao J, Tan Q, Xiang M, Chang L, Xu D, Tian Q, Wang D. Genome-wide identification and analysis of NPR family genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida. Gene 2020; 769:145210. [PMID: 33069807 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related (NPR) genes are bona fide transcription cofactors in the signal transduction pathway of salicylic acid (SA) and play critical regulatory roles in plant immunity. However, the NPR family genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida have not yet been comprehensively identified and analyzed as of yet. In the present study, NPR genes in B. juncea var. tumida seedlings were identified, and the tissue-specific expression patterns of NPR genes in the seedling were analyzed under salt stress (200 mM) treatment and infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae. A total of 19 NPR family genes clustering into six separate groups were identified in the genome of B. juncea var. tumida. These BjuNPR family genes were located in 11 of 18 chromosomes of B. juncea var. tumida and each possessed 1-5 exons. The BjuNPR family members had similar protein structures and conserved motifs. The BjuNPR genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns in the root, stem, leaf, flower and pod. Some BjuNPR genes were sensitive to salt stress and showed up-regulated or down-regulated expression patterns and most BjuNPR genes were up-regulated upon infection by P. brassicae. This study provides a foundation for further research into BjuNPR genes regulation in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Control Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crops of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhaoming Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Qin Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Meiqin Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Lijie Chang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Qin Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Diandong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China.
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Emami H, Kumar A, Kempken F. Transcriptomic analysis of poco1, a mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:209. [PMID: 32397956 PMCID: PMC7216612 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering is a crucial stage during plant development. Plants may respond to unfavorable conditions by accelerating reproductive processes like flowering. In a recent study, we showed that PRECOCIOUS1 (POCO1) is a mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein involved in flowering time and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we use RNA-seq data to investigate global gene expression alteration in the poco1 mutant. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis was performed during different developmental stages for wild-type and poco1 plants. The most profound differences in gene expression were found when wild-type and poco1 plants of the same developmental stage were compared. Coverage analysis confirmed the T-DNA insertion in POCO1, which was concomitant with truncated transcripts. Many biological processes were found to be enriched. Several flowering-related genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which may be involved in the early-flowering phenotype of poco1, were differentially regulated. Numerous ABA-associated genes, including the core components of ABA signaling such as ABA receptors, protein phosphatases, protein kinases, and ABA-responsive element (ABRE) binding proteins (AREBs)/ABRE-binding factors (ABFs) as well as important genes for stomatal function, were mostly down-regulated in poco1. Drought and oxidative stress-related genes, including ABA-induced stress genes, were differentially regulated. RNA-seq analysis also uncovered differentially regulated genes encoding various classes of transcription factors and genes involved in cellular signaling. Furthermore, the expression of stress-associated nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins (NGEMPs) was found to be altered in poco1. Redox-related genes were affected, suggesting that the redox state in poco1 might be altered. CONCLUSION The identification of various enriched biological processes indicates that complex regulatory mechanisms underlie poco1 development. Differentially regulated genes associated with flowering may contribute to the early-flowering phenotype of poco1. Our data suggest the involvement of POCO1 in the early ABA signaling process. The down-regulation of many ABA-related genes suggests an association of poco1 mutation with the ABA signaling deficiency. This condition further affects the expression of many stress-related, especially drought-associated genes in poco1, consistent with the drought sensitivity of poco1. poco1 mutation also affects the expression of genes associated with the cellular regulation, redox, and mitochondrial perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Emami
- Department of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Present address: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Present address: Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Frank Kempken
- Department of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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Chai M, Cheng H, Yan M, Priyadarshani S, Zhang M, He Q, Huang Y, Chen F, Liu L, Huang X, Lai L, Chen H, Cai H, Qin Y. Identification and expression analysis of the DREB transcription factor family in pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9006. [PMID: 32377449 PMCID: PMC7194095 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dehydration responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors play a crucial role in plant growth, development and stress responses. Although DREB genes have been characterized in many plant species, genome-wide identification of the DREB gene family has not yet been reported in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). Results Using comprehensive genome-wide screening, we identified 20 AcoDREB genes on 14 chromosomes. These were categorized into five subgroups. AcoDREBs within a group had similar gene structures and domain compositions. Using gene structure analysis, we showed that most AcoDREB genes (75%) lacked introns, and that the promoter regions of all 20 AcoDREB genes had at least one stress response-related cis-element. We identified four genes with high expression levels and six genes with low expression levels in all analyzed tissues. We detected expression changes under abiotic stress for eight selected AcoDREB genes. Conclusions This report presents the first genome-wide analysis of the DREB transcription factor family in pineapple. Our results provide preliminary data for future functional analysis of AcoDREB genes in pineapple, and useful information for developing new pineapple varieties with key agronomic traits such as stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Chai
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Han Cheng
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Maokai Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Svgn Priyadarshani
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing He
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Youmei Huang
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fangqian Chen
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Linyi Lai
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Lab of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Lab of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Complex relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression due to Lr28 in wheat-leaf rust pathosystem. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1339-1360. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bäumler J, Riber W, Klecker M, Müller L, Dissmeyer N, Weig AR, Mustroph A. AtERF#111/ABR1 is a transcriptional activator involved in the wounding response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:969-990. [PMID: 31385625 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AtERF#111/ABR1 belongs to the group X of the ERF/AP2 transcription factor family (GXERFs) and is shoot specifically induced under submergence and hypoxia. It was described to be an ABA-response repressor, but our data reveal a completely different function. Surprisingly, AtERF#111 expression is strongly responsive to wounding stress. Expression profiling of ERF#111-overexpressing (OE) plants, which show morphological phenotypes like increased root hair length and number, strengthens the hypothesis of AtERF#111 being involved in the wounding response, thereby acting as a transcriptional activator of gene expression. Consistent with a potential function outside of oxygen signalling, we could not assign AtERF#111 as a target of the PRT6 N-degron pathway, even though it starts with a highly conserved N-terminal Met-Cys (MC) motif. However, the protein is unstable as it is degraded in an ubiquitin-dependent manner. Finally, direct target genes of AtERF#111 were identified by microarray analyses and subsequently confirmed by protoplast transactivation assays. The special roles of diverse members of the plant-specific GXERFs in coordinating stress signalling and wound repair mechanisms have been recently hypothesized, and our data suggest that AtERF#111 is indeed involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bäumler
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Willi Riber
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maria Klecker
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Science Campus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Leon Müller
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Science Campus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alfons R Weig
- Genomics & Bioinformatics, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Charfeddine M, Charfeddine S, Ghazala I, Bouaziz D, Bouzid RG. Investigation of the response to salinity of transgenic potato plants overexpressing the transcription factor StERF94. J Biosci 2019; 44:141. [PMID: 31894122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important constraints threatening the cultivation of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). It affects plant growth and leads to significant yield loss. Consequently, it is important to improve the tolerance of potato plants to salinity. In this context, we investigated the involvement of a potato ethylene responsive factor (StERF94) in plant response to salinity, since our previous genome-wide analysis showed that it may be related to biotic and abiotic stress response. ERF proteins belong to a large family of transcription factors that participate in plant response to abiotic stresses. We have previously identified the StERF94 gene which shows increased expression in potato plants submitted to salt treatment. In this study, transgenic potato plants overexpressing StERF94 were produced and submitted to salt treatment (100 mM NaCl) in vitro and under greenhouse culture conditions. StERF94 transgenic lines showed lower decrease of stem elongation under salt treatment in comparison to non-transgenic wild-type plants. Moreover, these plants showed a low level of H2O2 and Malondialdehyde content, and an increase in catalase and GPX (Gluthation peroxidase) activities compared to non-transgenic plants. In a second step, enhanced expression of some target genes for example CuZn-SOD, DHN25 (Dehydrin) and ERD (Early Responsive to Dehydration) was noted in the StERF94 transgenic plants, submitted to salt treatment. The StERF94 factor was also involved in the activation of osmoprotectant synthesis. Taken together, all these data suggest that overexpression of the StERF94 transcription factor increases the tolerance of potato plants to salinity by improving plant growth, osmoprotectant synthesis and antioxidant activityleading to low oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Charfeddine
- Laboratoire d'Amelioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agroressources, Ecole Nationale dIngenieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Members of the WRKY Gene Family and Their Cold Stress Response in Prunus mume. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110911. [PMID: 31717396 PMCID: PMC6896039 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume, which is a rosaceous arbor with very high ornamental, edible and medical values, has a distribution that is mainly restricted by low temperature. WRKY transcription factor genes play crucial roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. However, the WRKY gene family has not been characterised in P. mume. There were 58 PmWRKYs identified from genome of P. mume. They were anchored onto eight link groups and categorised into three broad groups. The gene structure and motif composition were reasonably conservative in each group. Investigation of gene duplication indicated that nine and seven PmWRKYs were arranged in tandem and segmental duplications, respectively. PmWRKYs were discriminately expressed in different tissues (i.e., roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) in P. mume. The 17 cold-related candidate genes were selected based on RNA-seq data. Further, to investigate the function of PmWRKYs in low temperatures, the expression patterns under artificial cold treatments were analysed. The results showed that the expression levels of the 12 PmWRKYs genes significantly and 5 genes slightly changed in stems. In particular, the expression level of PmWRKY18 was up-regulated after ABA treatment. In addition, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of 17 PmWRKYs were analysed in winter. These results indicated that 17 PmWRKYs were potential transcription factors regulating cold resistance in P. mume.
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Charfeddine M, Charfeddine S, Ghazala I, Bouaziz D, Bouzid RG. Investigation of the response to salinity of transgenic potato plants overexpressing the transcription factor StERF94. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Identification and Functional Characterization of a Soybean ( Glycine max) Thioesterase that Acts on Intermediates of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100397. [PMID: 31597241 PMCID: PMC6843456 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Plants possess many acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) thioesterases (TEs) with unique specificity. One such TE is methylketone synthase 2 (MKS2), an enzyme with a single-hotdog-fold structure found in several tomato species that hydrolyzes 3-ketoacyl-ACPs to give free 3-ketoacids. (2) Methods: In this study, we identified and characterized a tomato MKS2 homolog gene, namely, GmMKS2, in the genome of soybean (Glycine max). (3) Results: GmMKS2 underwent alternative splicing to produce three alternative transcripts, but only one encodes a protein with thioesterase activity when recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Heterologous expression of the main transcript of GmMKS2, GmMKS2-X2, in E. coli generated various types of fatty acids, including 3-ketoacids-with 3-ketotetradecenoic acid (14:1) being the most abundant-cis-Δ5-dodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxyacids, suggesting that GmMKS2 acts as an acyl-ACP thioesterase. In plants, the GmMKS2-X2 transcript level was found to be higher in the roots compared to other examined organs. In silico analysis revealed that there is a substantial enrichment of putative cis-regulatory elements related to disease-resistance responses and abiotic stress responses in the promoter of this gene. (4) Conclusions: GmMKS2 showed broad substrate specificities toward a wide range of acyl-ACPs that varied in terms of chain length, oxidation state, and saturation degree. Our results suggest that GmMKS2 might have a stress-related physiological function in G. max.
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Kapoor D, Singh S, Kumar V, Romero R, Prasad R, Singh J. Antioxidant enzymes regulation in plants in reference to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Neller KCM, Diaz CA, Platts AE, Hudak KA. De novo Assembly of the Pokeweed Genome Provides Insight Into Pokeweed Antiviral Protein (PAP) Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1002. [PMID: 31447869 PMCID: PMC6691146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are RNA glycosidases thought to function in defense against pathogens. These enzymes remove purine bases from RNAs, including rRNA; the latter activity decreases protein synthesis in vitro, which is hypothesized to limit pathogen proliferation by causing host cell death. Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) is a RIP synthesized by the American pokeweed plant (Phytolacca americana). PAP inhibits virus infection when expressed in crop plants, yet little is known about the function of PAP in pokeweed due to a lack of genomic tools for this non-model species. In this work, we de novo assembled the pokeweed genome and annotated protein-coding genes. Sequencing comprised paired-end reads from a short-insert library of 83X coverage, and our draft assembly (N50 = 42.5 Kb) accounted for 74% of the measured pokeweed genome size of 1.3 Gb. We obtained 29,773 genes, 73% of which contained known protein domains, and identified several PAP isoforms. Within the gene models of each PAP isoform, a long 5' UTR intron was discovered, which was validated by RT-PCR and sequencing. Presence of the intron stimulated reporter gene expression in tobacco. To gain further understanding of PAP regulation, we complemented this genomic resource with expression profiles of pokeweed plants subjected to stress treatments [jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid, polyethylene glycol, and wounding]. Cluster analysis of the top differentially expressed genes indicated that some PAP isoforms shared expression patterns with genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, JA-mediated signaling, and metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. The newly sequenced promoters of all PAP isoforms contained cis-regulatory elements associated with diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. These elements mediated response to JA in tobacco, based on reporter constructs containing promoter truncations of PAP-I, the most abundant isoform. Taken together, this first genomic resource for the Phytolaccaceae plant family provides new insight into the regulation and function of PAP in pokeweed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian E. Platts
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Farooq MA, Niazi AK, Akhtar J, Farooq M, Souri Z, Karimi N, Rengel Z. Acquiring control: The evolution of ROS-Induced oxidative stress and redox signaling pathways in plant stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:353-369. [PMID: 31207496 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) - the byproducts of aerobic metabolism - influence numerous aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act like a double-edged sword; they play multiple beneficial roles at low concentrations, whereas at high concentrations ROS and related redox-active compounds cause cellular damage through oxidative stress. To examine the dual role of ROS as harmful oxidants and/or crucial cellular signals, this review elaborates that (i) how plants sense and respond to ROS in various subcellular organelles and (ii) the dynamics of subsequent ROS-induced signaling processes. The recent understanding of crosstalk between various cellular compartments in mediating their redox state spatially and temporally is discussed. Emphasis on the beneficial effects of ROS in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating diverse cellular functions, and activating acclimation responses in plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses are described. The comprehensive view of cellular ROS dynamics covering the breadth and versatility of ROS will contribute to understanding the complexity of apparently contradictory ROS roles in plant physiological responses in less than optimum environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Khan Niazi
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Akhtar
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zed Rengel
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Deschoenmaeker FDR, Mihara S, Niwa T, Taguchi H, Nomata J, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T. Disruption of the Gene trx-m1 Impedes the Growth of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 under Nitrogen Starvation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1504-1513. [PMID: 31038682 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria possess a sophisticated photosynthesis-based metabolism with admirable plasticity. This plasticity is possible via the deep regulation network, the thiol-redox regulations operated by thioredoxin (hereafter, Trx). In this context, we characterized the Trx-m1-deficient mutant strain of Anabaena sp., PCC 7120 (shortly named A.7120), cultivated under nitrogen limitation. Trx-m1 appears to coordinate the nitrogen response and its absence induces large changes in the proteome. Our data clearly indicate that Trx-m1 is crucial for the diazotrophic growth of A.7120. The lack of Trx-m1 resulted in a large differentiation of heterocysts (>20% of total cells), which were barely functional probably due to a weak expression of nitrogenase. In addition, heterocysts of the mutant strain did not display the usual cellular structure of nitrogen-fixative cells. This unveiled why the mutant strain was not able to grow under nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frï Dï Ric Deschoenmaeker
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, 4259-S2-19 Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, 4259-S2-19 Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jiro Nomata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Gong P, Riemann M, Dong D, Stoeffler N, Gross B, Markel A, Nick P. Two grapevine metacaspase genes mediate ETI-like cell death in grapevine defence against infection of Plasmopara viticola. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:951-969. [PMID: 30793222 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metacaspase, as hypersensitive response (HR) executors, has been identified in many plant species. Previously, the entire gene family of metacaspase has been uncovered, but there are still questions that remain unclear regarding HR-regulating gene members. In this study, based on metacaspase expression during different grapevine genotypes interacting with Plasmopara viticola, we identified MC2 and MC5 as candidates involved in HR. We overexpressed both metacaspases as GFP fusions in tobacco BY-2 cells to address subcellular localization and cellular functions. We found MC2 located at the ER, while MC5 was nucleocytoplasmic. In these overexpressor lines, cell death elicited by the bacterial protein harpin, is significantly enhanced, indicating MC2 and MC5 mediated defence-related programmed cell death (PCD). This effect was mitigated, when the membrane-located NADPH oxidase was inhibited by the specific inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, or when cells were complemented with methyl jasmonate, a crucial signal of basal immunity. Both findings are consistent with a role of MC2 and MC5 in cell death-related immunity. Using a dual-luciferase reporter system in grapevine cells we demonstrated both MC2 and MC5 promoter alleles from V. rupestris were more responsive to harpin than those from V. vinifera cv 'Müller-Thurgau', while they were not induced by MeJA as signal linked with basal immunity. These findings support a model, where MC2 and MC5 act specifically as executors of the HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Gong
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Duan Dong
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nadja Stoeffler
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernadette Gross
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Markel
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Mata-Pérez C, Spoel SH. Thioredoxin-mediated redox signalling in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:27-33. [PMID: 30709489 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation of plant immune responses is associated with rapid production of vast amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that dramatically alter cellular redox homeostasis. Even though excessive ROS/RNS accumulation can cause widespread cellular damage and thus constitute a major risk, plant cells have evolved to utilise these molecules as important signalling cues. Particularly their ability to modify redox-sensitive cysteine residues has emerged as a key mechanism to control the activity, conformation, protein-protein interaction and localisation of a growing number of immune signalling proteins. Regulated reversal of cysteine oxidation is dependent on activities of the conserved superfamily of Thioredoxin (TRX) enzymes that function as cysteine reductases. The plant immune system recruits specific TRX enzymes that have the potential to functionally regulate numerous immune signalling proteins. Although our knowledge of different TRX immune targets is now expanding, little remains known about how these enzymes select their substrates, what range of oxidized residues they target, and if they function selectively in different redox-mediated immune signalling pathways. In this review we discuss these questions by examining evidence showing TRX enzymes exhibit novel activities that play important roles in diverse aspects of plant immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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Han X, Kahmann R. Manipulation of Phytohormone Pathways by Effectors of Filamentous Plant Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:822. [PMID: 31297126 PMCID: PMC6606975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones regulate a large variety of physiological processes in plants. In addition, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) are responsible for primary defense responses against abiotic and biotic stresses, while plant growth regulators, such as auxins, brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellins (GAs), also contribute to plant immunity. To successfully colonize plants, filamentous pathogens like fungi and oomycetes have evolved diverse strategies to interfere with phytohormone pathways with the help of secreted effectors. These include proteins, toxins, polysaccharides as well as phytohormones or phytohormone mimics. Such pathogen effectors manipulate phytohormone pathways by directly altering hormone levels, by interfering with phytohormone biosynthesis, or by altering or blocking important components of phytohormone signaling pathways. In this review, we outline the various strategies used by filamentous phytopathogens to manipulate phytohormone pathways to cause disease.
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Deschoenmaeker F, Mihara S, Niwa T, Taguchi H, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T. The Absence of Thioredoxin m1 and Thioredoxin C in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 Leads to Oxidative Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2432-2441. [PMID: 30101290 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins perform redox regulation in cells, and they are involved in several other biological processes (e.g. oxidative stress tolerance). In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 (A. 7120), eight Trx isoforms have been identified via genomic analysis. Among these Trx isoforms, the absence of Trx-m1 and TrxC appears to result in oxidative stress in A. 7120 together with alterations of the thylakoid membrane structure and phycobiliprotein composition. To analyze the physiological changes in these Trx disruptants thoroughly, quantitative proteomics was applied. Certainly, the mutants exhibited similar alterations in the proteome including decreased relative abundance of phycobiliproteins and an increased level of proteins involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Nevertheless, the results also indicated that the mutants exhibited changes in the relative abundance of different sets of proteins participating in reactive oxygen species detoxification, such as Fe-SOD in Δtrx-m1 and PrxQ in ΔtrxC, suggesting distinct functions of Trx-m1 and TrxC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Deschoenmaeker
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoko Mihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-19, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute for Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-R1-8, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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