1
|
Grandis A, Santos HP, Tonini PP, Salles IS, Peres ASC, Carpita NC, Buckeridge MS. Role of cell wall polysaccharides in water distribution during seed imbibition of Hymenaea courbaril L. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38967306 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Seed water imbibition is critical to seedling establishment in tropical forests. The seeds of the neotropical tree Hymenaea courbaril have no oil reserves and have been used as a model to study storage cell wall polysaccharide (xyloglucan - XyG) mobilization. We studied pathways of water imbibition in Hymenaea seeds. To understand seed features, we performed carbohydrate analysis and scanning electron microscopy. We found that the seed coat comprises a palisade of lignified cells, below which are several cell layers with cell walls rich in pectin. The cotyledons are composed mainly of storage XyG. From a single point of scarification on the seed surface, we followed water imbibition pathways in the entire seed using fluorescent dye and NMRi spectroscopy. We constructed composites of cellulose with Hymenaea pectin or XyG. In vitro experiments demonstrated cell wall polymer capacity to imbibe water, with XyG imbibition much slower than the pectin-rich layer of the seed coat. We found that water rapidly crosses the lignified layer and reaches the pectin-rich palisade layer so that water rapidly surrounds the whole seed. Water travels very slowly in cotyledons (most of the seed mass) because it is imbibed in the XyG-rich storage walls. However, there are channels among the cotyledon cells through which water travels rapidly, so the primary cell walls containing pectins will retain water around each storage cell. The different seed tissue dynamic interactions between water and wall polysaccharides (pectins and XyG) are essential to determining water distribution and preparing the seed for germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Grandis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H P Santos
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Bento Goncalves, Brazil
| | - P P Tonini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I S Salles
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S C Peres
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Av. Nascimento de Castro, Natal, Brazil
| | - N C Carpita
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M S Buckeridge
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco -Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Li X, Zhang M, Xiong C. Spatial specificity of metabolism regulation of abscisic acid-imposed seed germination inhibition in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis sieb et zucc). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1417632. [PMID: 38966139 PMCID: PMC11222580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1417632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Abscisic acid (ABA) can negatively regulate seed germination, but the mechanisms of ABA-mediated metabolism modulation are not well understood. Moreover, it remains unclear whether metabolic pathways vary with the different tissue parts of the embryo, such as the radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledon. Methods In this report, we performed the first comprehensive metabolome analysis of the radicle and hypocotyl + cotyledon in Pinus koraiensis seeds in response to ABA treatment during germination. Results and discussion Metabolome profiling showed that following ABA treatment, 67 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites in the embryo were closely associated with pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, galactose metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Meanwhile, 62 metabolites in the hypocotyl + cotyledon were primarily involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. We can conclude that ABA may inhibit Korean pine seed germination primarily by disrupting the biosynthesis of certain plant hormones mediated by cysteine and methionine metabolism and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, as well as reducing the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability regulated by glutathione metabolism and shikimate pathway in radicle. ABA may strongly disrupt the structure and function of cellular membranes due to alterations in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and weaken glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the hypocotyl + cotyledon, both of which are major contributors to ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. These results highlight that the spatial modulation of metabolic pathways in Pinus koraiensis seeds underlies the germination response to ABA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention Laboratory of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinghuan Li
- Department of Health Management, Guiyang Institute of Information Science and Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang Q, Chen Y, Jiang L, Chen J, Li C, Zeng W, Liu Q, Li P. Characterization and mechanism of seed dormancy in Symplocos paniculata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1322238. [PMID: 38259922 PMCID: PMC10801264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Symplocos paniculata is a highly desirable oil species for biodiesel and premium edible oil feedstock. While germplasm preservation and breeding are crucial, the severity of seed dormancy poses a challenge to successful germination. We employed S. paniculata seeds as experimental materials and conducted an investigation into the types and causes of seed dormancy by analyzing the morphology and developmental characteristics of its embryo, exploring the water permeability property of the endocarp, and examining the presence of endogenous inhibitors, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for overcoming seed dormancy and maximizing germplasm resource utilization. The findings revealed that the seed embryo had matured into a fully developed embryo, and no dormancy in terms of embryo morphology was observed. Upon reaching maturity, the endocarp of seeds undergoes significant lignification, resulting in notable differences in water absorption between cracked and intact seeds. The impermeability of the endocarp is one of the factors contributing to mechanical restriction. The different phases of endosperm extraction exerted varying effects on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds, with the methanol phase exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. The presence of endogenous inhibitors emerged as the primary factor contributing to physiological dormancy in seeds. GC-MS analysis and validation trials revealed that fatty acids and phenolics, including hexadecanoic acid, oxadecanoic acid, and m-cresol, constituted the main types of endogenous inhibitory compounds found within the endosperm. These findings suggest that the seed dormancy in S. paniculata seeds has endocarp mechanical restriction, and the presence of endogenous inhibitors causes physiological dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Yunzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jingzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Peiwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Sun XR, Pritchard HW, Shen YB, Wu XQ, Peng CY. The metagenomics of soil bacteria and fungi and the release of mechanical dormancy in hard seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1187614. [PMID: 37441178 PMCID: PMC10335401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistence in the soil is a function of seed physiology, particularly non-germination and inherent lifespan. However, for seeds with mechanical dormancy, non-germination is also a function of the composition and activity of the soil microbiota. We attempted to screen out microorganisms in the soil that can specifically and rapidly decompose the hard fruit pericarps of Tilia miqueliana Maxim., a unique native tree species in China. Using the classical replica plating method, more than 100 different culturable microorganisms that could rapidly erode the pericarp were collected from the surface of pericarps under different culture conditions. At the same time, we successfully extended the concept of metagenomics and applied it to the identification of mixed artificial cultures. The decomposition process of the pericarps in soil was also simulated artificially. The physical and chemical data suggested a potential mechanism of microbial scarification and cracking in pericarp, whilst the embryos inside the eroded fruits retained good viability. Our discoveries could pave the way for the removal of physical and mechanical obstacles that prevent hard coat seeds from germinating. We anticipate that the use of this technology will improve the germination of other hard coat seeds. More research is needed to investigate the impacts on other seeds. The findings of this research can inform the design of experiments on the seed ecology of persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Sun
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Bao Shen
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yin Peng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tarnawa Á, Kende Z, Sghaier AH, Kovács GP, Gyuricza C, Khaeim H. Effect of Abiotic Stresses from Drought, Temperature, and Density on Germination and Seedling Growth of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091792. [PMID: 37176849 PMCID: PMC10181215 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and seedling growth are highly sensitive to deficit moisture and temperature stress. This study was designed to investigate barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds' germination and seedling growth under conditions of abiotic stresses. Constant temperature levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C were used for the germination test. Drought and waterlogging stresses using 30 different water levels were examined using two methods: either based at 1 milliliter intervals or, on the other hand, as percentages of thousand kernel weight (TKW). Seedling density in a petri dish and antifungal application techniques were also investigated. Temperature significantly impacted germination time and seedling development with an ideal range of 15-20 °C, with a more comprehensive range to 10 °C. Higher temperatures reversely affected germination percentage, and the lower ones affected the germination and seedling growth rate. Germination commenced at 130% water of the TKW, and the ideal water range for seedling development was greater and more extensive than the range for germination, which means there is a difference between the starting point for germination and the seedling development. Seed size define germination water requirements and provides an objective and more precise basis suggesting an optimal range supply of 720% and 1080% of TKW for barley seedling development. A total of 10 seeds per 9 cm petri dish may be preferable over greater densities. The techniques of priming seeds with an antifungal solution (Bordóilé or Hypo) or antifungal application at even 5 ppm in the media significantly prevented fungal growth. This study is novel regarding the levels and types of abiotic stresses, the crop, the experimental and measurement techniques, and in comparison to the previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Tarnawa
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u.1, Gödöllő, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kende
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u.1, Gödöllő, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Asma Haj Sghaier
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u.1, Gödöllő, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Péter Kovács
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u.1, Gödöllő, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Gyuricza
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u.1, Gödöllő, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hussein Khaeim
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u.1, Gödöllő, 2100 Budapest, Hungary
- Field Crop Department, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah 58002, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaghdoud C, Ollio I, Solano CJ, Ochoa J, Suardiaz J, Fernández JA, Martínez Ballesta MDC. Red LED Light Improves Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Radicle Emergence and Growth through the Modulation of Aquaporins, Hormone Homeostasis, and Metabolite Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054779. [PMID: 36902208 PMCID: PMC10002511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red LED light (R LED) is an efficient tool to improve seed germination and plant growth under controlled environments since it is more readily absorbed by photoreceptors' phytochromes compared to other wavelengths of the spectrum. In this work, the effect of R LED on the radicle emergence and growth (Phase III of germination) of pepper seeds was evaluated. Thus, the impact of R LED on water transport through different intrinsic membrane proteins, via aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, was determined. In addition, the remobilization of distinct metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and hormones was analysed. R LED induced a higher germination speed index, regulated by an increased water uptake. PIP2;3 and PIP2;5 aquaporin isoforms were highly expressed and could contribute to a faster and more effective hydration of embryo tissues, leading to a reduction of the germination time. By contrast, TIP1;7, TIP1;8, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2 gene expressions were reduced in R LED-treated seeds, pointing to a lower need for protein remobilization. NIP4;5 and XIP1;1 were also involved in radicle growth but their role needs to be elucidated. In addition, R LED induced changes in amino acids and organic acids as well as sugars. Therefore, an advanced metabolome oriented to a higher energetic metabolism was observed, conditioning better seed germination performance together with a rapid water flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Bureau de Transfert de Technologie (BuTT), Université de Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Irene Ollio
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristóbal J. Solano
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan Suardiaz
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325457
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge N, Jia JS, Yang L, Huang RM, Wang QY, Chen C, Meng ZG, Li LG, Chen JW. Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36721119 PMCID: PMC9890714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is an essential plant in the family of Araliaceae. Its seeds are classified as a type of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and are characterized by recalcitrance during the after-ripening process. However, it is not clear about the molecular mechanism on the after-ripening in recalcitrant seeds. RESULTS In this study, exogenous supply of gibberellic acid (GA3) with different concentrations shortened after-ripening process and promoted the germination of P. notoginseng seeds. Among the identified plant hormone metabolites, exogenous GA3 results in an increased level of endogenous hormone GA3 through permeation. A total of 2971 and 9827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to 50 mg L-1 GA3 (LG) and 500 mg L-1 GA3 (HG) treatment, respectively, and the plant hormone signal and related metabolic pathways regulated by GA3 was significantly enriched. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that GA3 treatment enhances GA biosynthesis and accumulation, while inhibiting the gene expression related to ABA signal transduction. This effect was associated with higher expression of crucial seed embryo development and cell wall loosening genes, Leafy Contyledon1 (LEC1), Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA), expansins (EXP) and Pectinesterase (PME). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous GA3 application promotes germination and shorts the after-ripening process of P. notoginseng seeds by increasing GA3 contents through permeation. Furthermore, the altered ratio of GA and ABA contributes to the development of the embryo, breaks the mechanical constraints of the seed coat and promotes the protrusion of the radicle in recalcitrant P. notoginseng seeds. These findings improve our knowledge of the contribution of GA to regulating the dormancy of MPD seeds during the after-ripening process, and provide new theoretical guidance for the application of recalcitrant seeds in agricultural production and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Shan Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Rong-Mei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Gui Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Long-Geng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian R, Sun X, Liu C, Chu J, Zhao M, Zhang WH. A Medicago truncatula lncRNA MtCIR1 negatively regulates response to salt stress. PLANTA 2023; 257:32. [PMID: 36602592 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A lncRNA MtCIR1 negatively regulates the response to salt stress in Medicago truncatula seed germination by modulating seedling growth and ABA metabolism and signaling by enhancing Na+ accumulation. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to varying abiotic stresses. A large number of lncRNAs that are responsive to abiotic stress have been identified in plants; however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stress by lncRNAs are largely unclear. Here, we functionally characterized a salt stress-responsive lncRNA derived from the leguminous model plant M. truncatula, referred to as MtCIR1, by expressing MtCIR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana in which no such homologous sequence was observed. Expression of MtCIR1 rendered seed germination more sensitive to salt stress by enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) due to suppressing the expression of the ABA catabolic enzyme CYP707A2. Expression of MtCIR1 also suppressed the expression of genes associated with ABA receptors and signaling. The ABA-responsive gene AtPGIP2 that was involved in degradation of cell wall during seed germination was up-regulated by expressing MtCIR1. On the other hand, expression of MtCIR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced foliar Na+ accumulation by down-regulating genes encoding Na+ transporters, thus rendering the transgenic plants more sensitive to salt stress. These results demonstrate that the M. truncatula lncRNA MtCIR1 negatively regulates salt stress response by targeting ABA metabolism and signaling during seed germination and foliar Na+ accumulation by affecting Na+ transport under salt stress during seedling growth. These novel findings would advance our knowledge on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in response of plants to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of a DEAD-box RNA Helicase BnRH6 Reveals Its Involvement in Salt Stress Response in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010002. [PMID: 36613447 PMCID: PMC9819673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important vegetable oil crops worldwide. Abiotic stresses such as salinity are great challenges for its growth and productivity. DEAD-box RNA helicase 6 (RH6) is a subfamily member of superfamily 2 (SF2), which plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, no report is available on RH6 in regulating plant abiotic stress response. This study investigated the function and regulatory mechanism for BnRH6. BnRH6 was targeted to the nucleus and cytoplasmic processing body (P-body), constitutively expressed throughout the lifespan, and induced by salt stress. Transgenic overexpressing BnRH6 in Brassica and Arabidopsis displayed salt hypersensitivity, manifested by lagging seed germination (decreased to 55−85% of wild-type), growth stunt, leaf chlorosis, oxidative stress, and over-accumulation of Na ions with the K+/Na+ ratio being decreased by 18.3−28.6%. Given the undesirable quality of knockout Brassica plants, we utilized an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant rh6-1 to investigate downstream genes by transcriptomics. We constructed four libraries with three biological replicates to investigate global downstream genes by RNA sequencing. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2-fold, p < 0.05) showed that 41 genes were upregulated and 66 genes were downregulated in rh6-1 relative to wild-type under salt stress. Most of them are well-identified and involved in transcription factors, ABA-responsive genes, and detoxified components or antioxidants. Our research suggests that BnRH6 can regulate a group of salt-tolerance genes to negatively promote Brassica adaptation to salt stress.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhaliwal LK, Angeles-Shim RB. Cell Membrane Features as Potential Breeding Targets to Improve Cold Germination Ability of Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233400. [PMID: 36501439 PMCID: PMC9738148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress breeding that focuses on the improvement of chilling tolerance at the germination stage is constrained by the complexities of the trait which involves integrated cellular, biochemical, hormonal and molecular responses. Biological membrane serves as the first line of plant defense under stress. Membranes receive cold stress signals and transduce them into intracellular responses. Low temperature stress, in particular, primarily and effectively affects the structure, composition and properties of cell membranes, which ultimately disturbs cellular homeostasis. Under cold stress, maintenance of membrane integrity through the alteration of membrane lipid composition is of prime importance to cope with the stress. This review describes the critical role of cell membranes in cold stress responses as well as the physiological and biochemical manifestations of cold stress in plants. The potential of cell membrane properties as breeding targets in developing strategies to improve cold germination ability is discussed using cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as a model.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun X, Chen J, Fan W, Liu S, Kamruzzaman M. Production of Reactive Oxygen Species via Nanobubble Water Improves Radish Seed Water Absorption and the Expression of Aquaporin Genes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11724-11731. [PMID: 36103666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubbles (NBs) stimulate seed germination; however, the mechanism of the promotion effect of NBs remains unclear. The impact of NBs on seed water absorption was investigated; we subsequently studied the genes associated with the response of radish seeds to NB water and used RNA sequencing to generate their expression profiles, especially those of aquaporin genes. NB water significantly promoted germination. The times at which 50% of the germinating seeds achieved germination (T50) for the submerged radish seeds in NB and control water were 11.6 and 17.4 h, respectively. NB water-germinated radish seeds showed a water uptake rate coefficient that was 15% higher than that of those germinated in control water. Through GO enrichment and cluster analyses, it was evident that NB water significantly increased the level of expression of the genes associated with the following activities: oxidoreductase, peroxidase, and antioxidant. Our results demonstrated that NB water increases the water uptake rate of radish seeds via two mechanisms. The NB water-produced exogenous hydroxyl radical (•OH) increases the seed coat's water permeability and enhances cell wall loosening, and NB water increases the aquaporin gene expression level of radish seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jingrao Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mohammed Kamruzzaman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu J, Xue T, Ren L, Cui M, Jiang T, Yang X. Study on pecan seed germination influenced by seed endocarp. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:851-855. [PMID: 36045711 PMCID: PMC9372702 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondeep physiological dormancy exists in freshly harvested pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seed, and the endocarp inhibits the seed germination. New methods were tried to detect if "chemical dormancy" or "mechanical dormancy" was caused by the endocarp. The germination of freshly harvested pecan seed with the removal of different parts of the endocarp and the fracture pressure of the endocarp of pecan seed soaked in water at different temperatures were tested. The results showed that (1) there was no significant difference in germination rate between the pecan kernel keeping in touch and out of touch with the same part of the endocarp, (2) whether a part of endocarp was removed to expose the radicle, preventing endocarp from splitting by glue inhibited the radicle elongation significantly, (3) the fracture pressure of the endocarp decreased significantly over water uptake time, and (4) little difference in the fracture pressure of the endocarp between different soaking temperatures. In conclusion, it suggested that (1) the endocarp caused "mechanical dormancy" but "chemical dormancy," (2) the prevention of radicle elongation was due to the endocarp pressuring the cotyledon rather than the direct physical restriction on the radicle, and (3) the radicle elongation seemed to be able to respond to the suture split and the pressure on the cotyledon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Civil and Architecture and Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Department of Civil and Architecture and Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Liying Ren
- Department of Civil and Architecture and Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Mingxia Cui
- Department of Civil and Architecture and Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Shiwaitaoyuan Ecoagriculture Cooperative, Anhui, China
| | - Xutao Yang
- Department of Chuzhou Forestry Station, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gerna D, Clara D, Allwardt D, Mitter B, Roach T. Tailored Media Are Key to Unlocking the Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Distinct Compartments of Germinating Seeds. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0017222. [PMID: 35867396 PMCID: PMC9431621 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00172-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds offer an internal microbial niche, termed the endosphere, colonized by communities of endophytic bacteria. To elucidate the functions of seed endophytes during germination and early plant growth, studies with culturable isolates are essential. Conventional growth media favor few fast-growing taxa, while micro organisms with restricted nutrient requirements are usually outcompeted prior to isolation. Consequently, current knowledge of the interaction between seeds and their endophytes remains limited to only few bacterial taxa, despite a "black box" of unculturable isolates colonizing the endosphere. Here, we designed various solid media to mimic the endosphere of germinating soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds and assessed their effect on the diversity of culturable endophytic bacteria. The embryonic axis (i.e., the future plant) possessed higher richness and harbored more unique genera (i.e., Brevundimonas, Methylobacterium, Microbacterium, Pseudoclavibacter, and Rathayibacter) than cotyledons (i.e., seed storage organs). Overall, media containing germinating and ground seeds enabled culturing and isolation of the broadest diversity of endophytic bacteria, viewed through the molecular identification of 246 isolates. The use of multiple tailored media helped uncover trophic adaptation of the core taxa. Furthermore, comparison of seeds from four lots of distinct cultivars and origin revealed few overlapping taxa, indicating that the parental environment, including soil and fertilization regime, influenced seed endophytic diversity. Extended diversity of native seed endophytic bacteria revealed the functional relevance of unique Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Curtobacterium strains to seed germination under salt stress, exemplifying the importance of enhanced culturing approaches to elucidate the role of microbiota in seed germination. IMPORTANCE Plant growth-promoting endophytic isolates that appear to advance seed germination are often obtained from plant niches other than the seed endosphere. Isolating pure cultures of native endophytes from seeds during germination is crucial to investigate their function during early plant growth. Here, the diversity of endophytic bacteria isolated from seeds during soybean germination was enhanced by combining media tailored to the nutritional composition of the seed endosphere, including pregerminated seeds themselves. Our results show that isolation from distinct soybean seed compartments affected such diversity, with the embryonic axis harboring more unique taxa while displaying higher endophytic richness. Furthermore, using pools of seeds from separate lots, each corresponding to a certain cultivar and field site, supported isolation of further unique strains that often unveiled substantial effects on germination performance. Such findings are relevant to assist studies on the interactions between seeds and their native endophytic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerna
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Clara
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee Allwardt
- Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farooq MA, Ma W, Shen S, Gu A. Underlying Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms for Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158502. [PMID: 35955637 PMCID: PMC9369107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the burgeoning population of the world, the successful germination of seeds to achieve maximum crop production is very important. Seed germination is a precise balance of phytohormones, light, and temperature that induces endosperm decay. Abscisic acid and gibberellins—mainly with auxins, ethylene, and jasmonic and salicylic acid through interdependent molecular pathways—lead to the rupture of the seed testa, after which the radicle protrudes out and the endosperm provides nutrients according to its growing energy demand. The incident light wavelength and low and supra-optimal temperature modulates phytohormone signaling pathways that induce the synthesis of ROS, which results in the maintenance of seed dormancy and germination. In this review, we have summarized in detail the biochemical and molecular processes occurring in the seed that lead to the germination of the seed. Moreover, an accurate explanation in chronological order of how phytohormones inside the seed act in accordance with the temperature and light signals from outside to degenerate the seed testa for the thriving seed’s germination has also been discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Yang X, Li X, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Lin H, Kang D, Shen Y. Nondestructive in situ monitoring of pea seeds germination using optical coherence tomography. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e428. [PMID: 35844779 PMCID: PMC9277031 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and uniform plant stand in the field are the most critical crop growth stages determining the final yield. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds production is often hampered due to the seed dormancy caused by the hard seed coat. Such effect is mainly attributed to poor or uneven germination and unsynchronised seedling emergence. Understanding the time course of water intake and several critical germination indicators can reveal many features of seed germination such as rate and uniformity. This paper used optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive and cross-sectional imaging technique, to monitor the inner structural changes throughout the germination process. A sequence of cross-sectional OCT images of pea (P. sativum L.) seeds, together with additional microscopic optical images, was recorded continuously and in situ for over 40 h. OCT and microscopic images revealed the changes in the internal structure and the external shape of the pea seeds during germination, respectively. It was found that the cross-sectional OCT images helped to identify the critical indicators distinguishing the different phases of germination pea seeds. Therefore, the presented OCT approach offers a fast and nondestructive way to precisely measure the structural indicators in different germination phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Zhiyi Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Dingming Kang
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaochun Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chandrasekaran U, Zhao X, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Endosperm weakening: The gateway to a seed's new life. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:31-39. [PMID: 35276594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, during which the embryo, surrounded by several tissues, undergoes a transition from the quiescent to a highly active state. Endosperm weakening, a key step in this transition, plays an important role in radicle protrusion. Endosperm weakening is initiated upon water uptake, followed by multiple key molecular events occurring within and outside endosperm cells. Although available transcriptomes have provided information about pivotal genes involved in this process, a complete understanding of the signaling pathways are yet to be elucidated. Much remains to be learnt about the diverse intercellular signals, such as reactive oxygen species-mediated redox signals, phytohormone crosstalk, environmental cue-dependent oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisomal-mediated pectin degradation, and storage protein mobilization during endosperm cell wall loosening. This review discusses the evidences from recent researches into the mechanism of endosperm weakening. Further, given that the endosperm has great potential for manipulation by crop breeding and biotechnology, we offer several novel insights, which will be helpful in this research field and in its application to the improvement of crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and moisture are essential factors in germination and seedling growth. The purpose of this research was to assess the germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under various abiotic stressors. It was conducted in the Agronomy Institute of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary. Six distinct temperature levels were used: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. Stresses of drought and waterlogging were quantified using 25 water levels based on single-milliliter intervals and as a percentage based on thousand kernel weight (TKW). Seedling density was also tested. Temperature significantly influenced germination duration and seedling development. 20 °C was ideal with optimal range of 15 °C to less than 25 °C. Germination occurred at water amount of 75% of the TKW, and its ideal range was lower and narrower than the range for seedling development. Seed size provided an objective basis for defining germination water requirements. The current study established an optimal water supply range for wheat seedling growth of 525–825 percent of the TKW. Fifteen seeds within a 9 cm Petri dish may be preferred to denser populations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Zhang M, Dong S, Liu YL, Li ZH. The Opposite Roles of White Light in Regulating Germination of Fresh and Aged Seed in Tobacco. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112457. [PMID: 34834820 PMCID: PMC8618267 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Light is one of the important environmental factors for seeds to evaluate whether the natural environment is appropriate for germination and subsequent seedlings emergence. The mechanism of light-mediated germination is mainly concerned with fresh seeds (FS) of model plants but is poorly understood in aged seeds. Here, the effects of light on germination of FS and naturally aged seeds (NAS) in tobacco and their relationship with plant hormones gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated. The results demonstrated that light promoted and inhibited the germination of FS and NAS, respectively. GA and ABA were involved in the germination control of NAS, as well as in FS. However, light suppressed GA signal and stimulated ABA signal in NAS, whereas it stimulated GA signal and suppressed ABA signal in FS. In addition, light stimulated the GA accumulation and reduction in ABA in FS while inhibiting the increase in GA level in NAS. Together, the present study demonstrates that light has opposite effects on the germination of FS and NAS, which are closely related to the metabolism and/or signaling of plant hormones ABA and GA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Shuai Dong
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Walker M, Pérez M, Steinbrecher T, Gawthrop F, Pavlović I, Novák O, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Marone F, Nakabayashi K, Leubner-Metzger G. Molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation underpinning morphological dormancy: a case study using Apium graveolens (Apiaceae). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1020-1036. [PMID: 34510583 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Underdeveloped (small) embryos embedded in abundant endosperm tissue, and thus having morphological dormancy (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), are considered to be the ancestral state in seed dormancy evolution. This trait is retained in the Apiaceae family, which provides excellent model systems for investigating the underpinning mechanisms. We investigated Apium graveolens (celery) MD by combined innovative imaging and embryo growth assays with the quantification of hormone metabolism, as well as the analysis of hormone and cell-wall related gene expression. The integrated experimental results demonstrated that embryo growth occurred inside imbibed celery fruits in association with endosperm degradation, and that a critical embryo size was required for radicle emergence. The regulation of these processes depends on gene expression leading to gibberellin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the embryo and on crosstalk between the fruit compartments. ABA degradation associated with distinct spatiotemporal patterns in ABA sensitivity control embryo growth, endosperm breakdown and radicle emergence. This complex interaction between gibberellins, IAA and ABA metabolism, and changes in the tissue-specific sensitivities to these hormones is distinct from non-MD seeds. We conclude that the embryo growth to reach the critical size and the associated endosperm breakdown inside MD fruits constitute a unique germination programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- Tozer Seeds, Tozer Seeds Ltd, Cobham, KT11 3EH, UK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | | | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ribeiro-Oliveira JP, Bosseli MA, da Silva EAA. Acceleration in Germination Sensu stricto Plays a Central Role on Seedling Vigor in Post-Germination. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102151. [PMID: 34685958 PMCID: PMC8539353 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An obvious relationship between germination sensu stricto and seedling development during post-germination has been considered, but not explained concerning vigor. Taking this into account, we used measurements of water dynamics in germinating seeds and seedling development to clarify that relationship. The biological model was soybean seeds, since it is the most relevant 'true seed' produced around world. Our findings suggest that the way energy is used (acceleration) and not its input (velocity) is the main aspect relating seed germination and seedling development, especially when considering vigor. However, velocity and acceleration can be complementary in analyses of seed physiology. Other measurements proposed here also have potential uses for testing vigor in seed lots, such as seedling vigor index and biological activity in the lot. Therefore, water dynamics in germinating seeds can be an interesting way for testing seed lots, because it is an easier, faster and cheaper method in relation to other non-destructive procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Santa Mônica, Uberlândia 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Bosseli
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Santa Mônica, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros Street, 1780, Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang C, Hao N, Xia Y, Du Y, Huang K, Wu T. CsKDO is a candidate gene regulating seed germination lethality in cucumber. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:417-425. [PMID: 34912168 PMCID: PMC8661486 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination plays an important role in the initial stage of plant growth. However, few related studies focused on lethality after seed germination in plants. In this study, we identified an Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis mutant Csleth with abnormal seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The radicle of the Csleth mutant grew slowly and detached from the cotyledon until 14 d after sowing. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of Csleth was controlled by a single recessive gene. MutMap+ and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping results demonstrated that Csa3G104930 encoding 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (CsKDO) was the candidate gene of the Csleth mutant. The transition mutation of aspartate occurred in Csa3G104930 co-segregated with the phenotyping data. CsKDO was highly expressed in male flowers in wild type cucumbers. Subcellular localization results showed that CsKDO was located in the nucleus. Overall, these results suggest CsKDO regulates lethality during seed germination in cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural
University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural
University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
| | - Yutong Xia
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural
University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhu M, Dai S, Ma Q, Li S. Identification of the initial water-site and movement in Gleditsia sinensis seeds and its relation to seed coat structure. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:55. [PMID: 34034763 PMCID: PMC8147069 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water uptake is essential for seed germination. However, Gleditsia sinensis seeds have a water-impermeable seed coat, which is beneficial for its adaption to the environment, but prohibits its germination without treatment. This feature may be associated with the structure of the seed coat. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify and describe the initial water uptake site and water movement and to determine the relationship between seed coat structure and water absorption. RESULTS A water temperature of 80 °C was optimal to break the hardseededness of G. sinensis seeds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the seed coat consisted of a palisade layer and light line that can hinder water entry into the seed. Also, a structure of vascular bundles existed in the hilar region. Hot water treatment caused the tightly closed micropyle to open and the cavity beneath it expanded; the layer of palisade cells in the lens was raised. The embryo dye-tracking tests showed that the radicle tip was the initial region to be stained red. After staining for 24 h, the red-stained area on the vascular bundle side of cotyledon was more extensive than that on the other side. Further studies by MRI maps indicated that the micropyle was the initial site for water imbibition. Some water then migrated along the space between the seed coat and the endosperm to the chalazal; simultaneously, the rest of the water reached the embryonic axis and spread into cotyledons. The maps of 20-24 h showed that water was unevenly distributed within the cotyledons in a way that the edge parts were more hydrated than the center. Blocking tests showed that the hilar region was the initial and an important region during seed imbibition. The medial region and chalazal portion were capable of imbibing water when the hilar region was blocked, but water absorption was later and slower than that through the hilar region. CONCLUSION MRI technology provides a promising and non-invasive technique to identify the water gap and the path of water movement in the seed. Combined with the results of SEM, the relation between seed coat and its imbibition can be inferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Song Dai
- Institute of Forestry Scientific Research and Technology Extension, Tongren Academy of Sciences, Tongren, 55430 China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miray R, Kazaz S, To A, Baud S. Molecular Control of Oil Metabolism in the Endosperm of Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1621. [PMID: 33562710 PMCID: PMC7915183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperm seeds, the endosperm develops to varying degrees and accumulates different types of storage compounds remobilized by the seedling during early post-germinative growth. Whereas the molecular mechanisms controlling the metabolism of starch and seed-storage proteins in the endosperm of cereal grains are relatively well characterized, the regulation of oil metabolism in the endosperm of developing and germinating oilseeds has received particular attention only more recently, thanks to the emergence and continuous improvement of analytical techniques allowing the evaluation, within a spatial context, of gene activity on one side, and lipid metabolism on the other side. These studies represent a fundamental step toward the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing oil metabolism in this particular tissue. In particular, they highlight the importance of endosperm-specific transcriptional controls for determining original oil compositions usually observed in this tissue. In the light of this research, the biological functions of oils stored in the endosperm of seeds then appear to be more diverse than simply constituting a source of carbon made available for the germinating seedling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (R.M.); (S.K.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ribeiro-Oliveira JP, Ranal MA, Boselli MA. Water Dynamics on Germinating Diaspores: Physiological Perspectives from Biophysical Measurements. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:5196176. [PMID: 33575666 PMCID: PMC7869936 DOI: 10.34133/2020/5196176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that classical biophysical measurements of water dynamics on germinating diaspores (seeds and other dispersal units) can improve the understanding of the germination process in a simpler, safer, and newer way. This was done using diaspores of cultivated species as a biological model. To calculate the water dynamics measurements (weighted mass, initial diffusion coefficient, velocity, and acceleration), we used the mass of diaspores recorded over germination time. Weighted mass of germinating diaspores has a similar pattern, independent of the physiological quality, species, or genetic improvement degree. However, the initial diffusion coefficient (related to imbibition per se), velocity, and acceleration (related to the whole germination metabolism) are influenced by species characters, highlighting the degree of genetic improvement and physiological quality. Changes in the inflection of velocity curves demonstrated each phase of germination sensu stricto. There is no pattern related to the number of these phases, which could range between three and six. Regression models can demonstrate initial velocity and velocity increments for each phase, giving an idea of the management of germinative metabolism. Our finds demonstrated that germination is a polyphasic process with a species-specific pattern but still set by the degree of genetic improvement and (or) physiological quality of diaspores. Among the biophysical measurements, velocity has the greatest potential to define the germination metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M. A. Ranal
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M. A. Boselli
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang H, Zhang Y, Xiao N, Zhang G, Wang F, Chen X, Fang R. Rice GERMIN-LIKE PROTEIN 2-1 Functions in Seed Dormancy under the Control of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellic Acid Signaling Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1157-1170. [PMID: 32321839 PMCID: PMC7333727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a natural phenomenon in plants. It ensures that seeds complete the grain-filling stage before germination and prevents germination in unsuitable ecological conditions. In this study, we determined the previously unknown function of the rice (Oryza sativa) gene GERMIN-LIKE PROTEIN 2-1 (OsGLP2-1) in seed dormancy. Using artificial microRNA and CRISPR/CAS9 approaches, suppression of OsGLP2-1 expression in rice resulted in the release of dormancy in immature seeds. Conversely, overexpression of OsGLP2-1 driven by the OsGLP2-1 native promoter led to greater seed dormancy. Seed scutellum-specific expression of OsGLP2-1 was increased by exogenous abscisic acid, but decreased with gibberellic acid treatment. We provide evidence that OsGLP2-1 is antagonistically controlled at the transcriptional level by ABA INSENSITIVE5 and GAMYB transcription factors. We conclude that OsGLP2-1 acts as a buffer, maintaining appropriate equilibrium for the regulation of primary dormancy during seed development in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The seed water content as a time-independent physiological trait during germination in wild tree species such as Ceiba aesculifolia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10429. [PMID: 32591557 PMCID: PMC7319967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds constitute a key physiological stage in plants life cycle. During seed germination, there is a spatial-temporal imbibition pattern that correlates with described physiological processes. However, only the moment of testa rupture has been described as a critical, discrete stage. Could a specific relative water content (RWC) value reflect a physiological stage useful for comparisons between seed batches? We tracked seed-by-seed imbibition during germination to homogenize sampling and selected a transcriptomic approach to analyse the physiological transitions that occur in seed batches collected in different years and with contrasting phenotypic responses to a priming treatment. The seed RWC reflected the transcriptional transitions that occur during germination, regardless of imbibition time or collection year, and revealed a set of biological processes that occur in the dry seed and during early germination are associated with the phenotypic response to priming. As climate shifts, so do the timing of developmental events important for determining organismal fitness, and poses another challenge to the comprehension of molecular and physiological processes driving the interaction between organisms and environment. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of physiological traits, specific to a particular developmental stage, is a reliable time-independent approach.
Collapse
|
28
|
Punzo P, Ruggiero A, Possenti M, Perrella G, Nurcato R, Costa A, Morelli G, Grillo S, Batelli G. DRT111/SFPS Splicing Factor Controls Abscisic Acid Sensitivity during Seed Development and Germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:793-807. [PMID: 32123040 PMCID: PMC7271812 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA splicing is a fundamental mechanism contributing to the definition of the cellular protein population in any given environmental condition. DNA-DAMAGE REPAIR/TOLERATION PROTEIN111 (DRT111)/SPLICING FACTOR FOR PHYTOCHROME SIGNALING is a splicing factor previously shown to interact with phytochrome B and characterized for its role in splicing of pre-mRNAs involved in photomorphogenesis. Here, we show that DRT111 interacts with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Splicing Factor1, involved in 3' splicing site recognition. Double- and triple-mutant analysis shows that DRT111 controls splicing of ABI3 and acts upstream of the splicing factor SUPPRESSOR OF ABI3-ABI5. DRT111 is highly expressed in seeds and stomata of Arabidopsis and is induced by long-term treatments of polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid (ABA). DRT111 knock-out mutants are defective in ABA-induced stomatal closure and are hypersensitive to ABA during seed germination. Conversely, DRT111 overexpressing plants show ABA-hyposensitive seed germination. RNA-sequencing experiments show that in dry seeds, DRT111 controls expression and splicing of genes involved in osmotic-stress and ABA responses, light signaling, and mRNA splicing, including targets of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). Consistently, expression of the germination inhibitor SOMNUS, induced by ABI3 and PIF1, is upregulated in imbibed seeds of drt111-2 mutants. Together, these results indicate that DRT111 controls sensitivity to ABA during seed development, germination, and stomatal movements, and integrates ABA- and light-regulated pathways to control seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Punzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Possenti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perrella
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 75026 Rotondella, Matera, Italy
| | - Roberta Nurcato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Costa
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoai PTT, Tyerman SD, Schnell N, Tucker M, McGaughey SA, Qiu J, Groszmann M, Byrt CS. Deciphering aquaporin regulation and roles in seed biology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1763-1773. [PMID: 32109278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are the typical dispersal and propagation units of angiosperms and gymnosperms. Water movement into and out of seeds plays a crucial role from the point of fertilization through to imbibition and seed germination. A class of membrane intrinsic proteins called aquaporins (AQPs) assist with the movement of water and other solutes within seeds. These highly diverse and abundant proteins are associated with different processes in the development, longevity, imbibition, and germination of seed. However, there are many AQPs encoded in a plant's genome and it is not yet clear how, when, or which AQPs are involved in critical stages of seed biology. Here we review the literature to examine the evidence for AQP involvement in seeds and analyse Arabidopsis seed-related transcriptomic data to assess which AQPs are likely to be important in seed water relations and explore additional roles for AQPs in seed biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phan T T Hoai
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Viet Nam
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Nicholas Schnell
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Matthew Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Samantha A McGaughey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gerna D, Roach T, Mitter B, Stöggl W, Kranner I. Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in Interkingdom Interaction Between Bacteria and Wheat Seeds and Seedlings. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:336-348. [PMID: 31631769 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0248-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In endophytes, the abundance of genes coding for enzymes processing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), argues for a crucial role of ROS metabolism in plant-microbe interaction for plant colonization. Here, we studied H2O2 metabolism of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds and their microbiota during germination and early seedling growth, the most vulnerable stages in the plant life cycle. Treatment with hot steam diminished the seed microbiota, and these seeds produced less extracellular H2O2 than untreated seeds. Using a culture-dependent approach, Pantoea and Pseudomonas genera were the most abundant epiphytes of dry untreated seeds. Incubating intact seedlings from hot steam-treated seeds with Pantoea strains triggered H2O2 production, whereas Pseudomonas strains dampened H2O2 levels, attributable to higher catalase activities. The genus Pantoea was much less represented among seedling endophytes than genus Pseudomonas, with other endophytic genera, including Bacillus and Paenibacillus, also possessing high catalase activities. Overall, our results show that certain bacteria of the seed microbiota are able to modulate the extracellular redox environment during germination and early seedling growth, and high catalase activity is proposed as a key trait of seed endophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerna
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chomontowski C, Podlaski S. Impact of sugar beet seed priming using the SMP method on the properties of the pericarp. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 31959098 PMCID: PMC6972028 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined the effects of two solid matrix priming methods on changes in the characteristics of two lots of the same variety of sugar beet fruits that differ in the level of vigour. RESULTS Seed treatment within each level of vigour did not significantly affect helium and apparent density, total pore volume and total porosity. However, there was a tendency to increase porosity due to priming. This is probably why seed priming significantly increased mesopore diameter in both high and low vigour seeds. These changes increased the water content in the pericarp and the seeds and increased the water potential during germination. The high level of electrical conductivity of the fruit extracts was associated with low seed vigour. Low vigour resulted in higher humidity of the pericarp and decreased seed moisture and was also associated with lower water potential of the pericarp and seeds. CONCLUSIONS A significant difference in the water content in the pericarp and seeds was indicative of imbibition and problems with water flow between these centres, which resulted in a low water diffusion coefficient of the pericarp. This low water diffusion coefficient was correlated with the prolongation of the seed germination time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chomontowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - S Podlaski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo Y, Liang J, Zeng G, Li X, Chen M, Jiang L, Xing W, Tang N. Responses of seeds of typical Brassica crops to tetracycline stress: Sensitivity difference and source analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109597. [PMID: 31465956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics can induce adverse effects on plants. Brassica crop seeds, for their advantages, are used widely in seed germination test to investigate phytotoxicity of substances. However, their performances on evaluating antibiotics remain to be studied to select sensitive species for control of potential risks. In this work, common species of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), edible rape (Brassica napus L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) with three cultivars each were selected to compare and analyze the sensitivity difference of their seeds to tetracycline (TC) stress. Results showed that the ratio of axis to cotyledon (RAC) by fresh weight was an alternative endpoint besides radicle length (RL) in the test. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on the effective concentrations causing x% inhibition (ECx) in RL of seeds exposed to TC was applied to compare the sensitivity of seeds and estimate the hazardous concentration for x% species (HCx). From the species-dependent sensitivity and the sensitivity difference of cultivars in the same species of seeds to TC, the performance of Chinese cabbage was the best in the study. The sensitivity of seeds to TC could be evaluated by EC20 related to seed physical traits and germination indices, while the extent of seeds affected by TC could be evaluated by EC50 related to the composition of seed storage reserves. We recommended that it was a new idea to analyze responses of different seeds to TC at large scale according to seed innate characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenle Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Evaluation of Biochar and Compost Mixes as Substitutes to a Commercial Propagation Mix. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of biochar (BC) on seed propagation depend on the type of BC, BC incorporation rate, base substrate, and plant seed species. Limited research tested BC-compost mixes for seed propagation. High percentages (70% or 80%, by volume) of BC with vermicompost (VC) or chicken manure compost (CM) were evaluated to substitute a commercial propagation mix (control) in three experiments. Seeds, including basil, coleus, edamame, marigold, okra, petunia, radish, salvia, tomato, vinca, and zinnia in Experiments 1 and 2 had similar or higher emergence percentages (EPs) and emergence indexes (EIs) in both BC:VC mixes, while celosia, cowpea, corn, and pumpkin had lower EPs or EIs in either 8BC:2VC or 7BC:3VC mixes compared to the control. Seedling fresh weights in both BC:VC mixes were similar to the control except for vinca, pumpkin, marigold, and salvia. The BC:VC mixes had no negative effects on plant dry weights at 7 weeks after transplanting. In Experiment 3, BC:CM mixes suppressed the seed germination or seedling growth of coleus, corn, cowpea, marigold, petunia, pumpkin, radish, salvia, vinca, watermelon, and zinnia due to high pH and CM’s high electrical conductivity. Therefore, 7BC:3VC and 8BC:2VC can be used as seed propagation mix, while 7BC:3CM and 8BC:2CM are not recommended.
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu D, Sun J, Zhu D, Lyu G, Zhang C, Liu J, Wang H, Zhang X, Gao D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiles of Late Embryogenesis-Abundant (LEA) Genes during Grain Maturation in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090696. [PMID: 31510067 PMCID: PMC6770980 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) genes play important roles in plant growth and development, especially the cellular dehydration tolerance during seed maturation. In order to comprehensively understand the roles of LEA family members in wheat, we carried out a series of analyses based on the latest genome sequence of the bread wheat Chinese Spring. 121 Triticum aestivum L. LEA (TaLEA) genes, classified as 8 groups, were identified and characterized. TaLEA genes are distributed in all chromosomes, most of them with a low number of introns (≤3). Expression profiles showed that most TaLEA genes expressed specifically in grains. By qRT-PCR analysis, we confirmed that 12 genes among them showed high expression levels during late stage grain maturation in two spring wheat cultivars, Yangmai16 and Yangmai15. For most genes, the peak of expression appeared earlier in Yangmai16. Statistical analysis indicated that expression level of 8 genes in Yangmai 16 were significantly higher than Yangmai 15 at 25 days after anthesis. Taken together, our results provide more knowledge for future functional analysis and potential utilization of TaLEA genes in wheat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Guofeng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Derong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A Weighted Mean Value Analysis to Identify Biological Pathway Activity Changes during Poplar Seed Germination. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus × xiaohei T. S. Hwang et Liang) is an excellent model plant, with a known genome sequence, for studying woody plant developmental processes, such as seed germination. Here, we report the transcriptional profiling of poplar seeds at five germination stages using RNA-Seq technology. We focused on identifying biological pathway activity changes during seed germination and transcription factors that play important roles in different stages. Among the 16 significantly changing clusters obtained using the STEM method, transcription was significantly enriched in five different clusters, 8, 21, 25, 27, and 35. The oxidative phosphorylation-related genes were only enriched in cluster 9, and expression patterns decreased in 6 and 24 HAI, while ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes were only enriched in cluster 16, and expression patterns increased in 6 HAI. A weighted mean method analysis determined that most primary metabolism-associated categories, such as major carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and protein metabolism, were elevated between 6 and 48 h after imbibition (HAI). ATP synthesis and C1 metabolism had highly active expression patterns between 0.75 and 48 HAI. The photosynthesis category-associated genes that were identified appeared highly active at 144 HAI. The homogenization of transcription factors in each cluster revealed that the HAP2, C3H zinc finger family, and C2C2(Zn) GATA transcription factors were present in relatively high numbers in cluster 8, while HAP5, Zn-finger (CCHC), FHA, and E2F/DP transcription factor families, as well as SNF7, were present in high numbers in cluster 25. Thus, we identified a series of biological pathway activity changes that occur, and transcription factors that are active, during poplar seed germination. Moreover, this study provides an integrated view of transcriptional regulation that can reveal the molecular events occurring during seed germination.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hesse L, Bunk K, Leupold J, Speck T, Masselter T. Structural and functional imaging of large and opaque plant specimens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3659-3678. [PMID: 31188449 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three- and four-dimensional imaging techniques are a prerequisite for spatially resolving the form-structure-function relationships in plants. However, choosing the right imaging method is a difficult and time-consuming process as the imaging principles, advantages and limitations, as well as the appropriate fields of application first need to be compared. The present study aims to provide an overview of three imaging methods that allow for imaging opaque, large and thick (>5 mm, up to several centimeters), hierarchically organized plant samples that can have complex geometries. We compare light microscopy of serial thin sections followed by 3D reconstruction (LMTS3D) as an optical imaging technique, micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) based on ionizing radiation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which uses the natural magnetic properties of a sample for image acquisition. We discuss the most important imaging principles, advantages, and limitations, and suggest fields of application for each imaging technique (LMTS, µ-CT, and MRI) with regard to static (at a given time; 3D) and dynamic (at different time points; quasi 4D) structural and functional plant imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Hesse
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bunk
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tom Masselter
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruggiero A, Landi S, Punzo P, Possenti M, Van Oosten MJ, Costa A, Morelli G, Maggio A, Grillo S, Batelli G. Salinity and ABA Seed Responses in Pepper: Expression and Interaction of ABA Core Signaling Components. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:304. [PMID: 30941154 PMCID: PMC6433719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in various aspects of plant growth and development, including adaptation to stresses, fruit development and ripening. In seeds, ABA participates through its core signaling components in dormancy instauration, longevity determination, and inhibition of germination in unfavorable environmental conditions such as high soil salinity. Here, we show that seed germination in pepper was delayed but only marginally reduced by ABA or NaCl with respect to control treatments. Through a similarity search, pepper orthologs of ABA core signaling components PYL (PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1-LIKE), PP2C (PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE2C), and SnRK2 (SUCROSE NONFERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2) genes were identified. Gene expression analyses of selected members showed a low abundance of PYL and SnRK2 transcripts in dry seeds compared to other tissues, and an up-regulation at high concentrations of ABA and/or NaCl for both positive and negative regulators of ABA signaling. As expected, in hydroponically-grown seedlings exposed to NaCl, only PP2C encoding genes were up-regulated. Yeast two hybrid assays performed among putative pepper core components and with Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs confirmed the ability of the identified proteins to function in ABA signaling cascade, with the exception of a CaABI isoform cloned from seeds. BiFC assay in planta confirmed some of the interactions obtained in yeast. Altogether, our results indicate that a low expression of perception and signaling components in pepper seeds might contribute to explain the observed high percentages of seed germination in the presence of ABA. These results might have direct implications on the improvement of seed longevity and vigor, a bottleneck in pepper breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ruggiero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Reaserch Division Portici, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Reaserch Division Portici, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Punzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Reaserch Division Portici, Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Possenti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Costa
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Reaserch Division Portici, Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Rome, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Reaserch Division Portici, Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Reaserch Division Portici, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lechowska K, Kubala S, Wojtyla Ł, Nowaczyk G, Quinet M, Lutts S, Garnczarska M. New Insight on Water Status in Germinating Brassica napus Seeds in Relation to Priming-Improved Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E540. [PMID: 30696013 PMCID: PMC6387248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed priming is a pre-sowing method successfully used to improve seed germination. Since water plays a crucial role in germination, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between better germination performances of osmoprimed Brassica napus seeds and seed water status during germination. To achieve this goal, a combination of different kinds of approaches was used, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, TEM, and SEM as well as semi-quantitative PCR (semi-qPCR). The results of this study showed that osmopriming enhanced the kinetics of water uptake and the total amount of absorbed water during both the early imbibition stage and in the later phases of seed germination. The spin⁻spin relaxation time (T₂) measurement suggests that osmopriming causes faster water penetration into the seed and more efficient tissue hydration. Moreover, factors potentially affecting water relations in germinating primed seeds were also identified. It was shown that osmopriming (i) changes the microstructural features of the seed coat, e.g., leads to the formation of microcracks, (ii) alters the internal structure of the seed by the induction of additional void spaces in the seed, (iii) increases cotyledons cells vacuolization, and (iv) modifies the expression pattern of aquaporin genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lechowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Szymon Kubala
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Wojtyla
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Nowaczyk
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute⁻Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 45, boîte L7.07.13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute⁻Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 45, boîte L7.07.13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Małgorzata Garnczarska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu Y, Han C, Deng X, Liu D, Liu N, Yan Y. Integrated physiology and proteome analysis of embryo and endosperm highlights complex metabolic networks involved in seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:63-76. [PMID: 30041047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and proteomic changes in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination in the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhengmai 366. Upon imbibition, seed size and water content increased rapidly, followed by a series of metabolic changes including increases in soluble sugar content and α-amylase activity, a decrease in starch content, and a rapid increase in plant hormones. In total, 57 and 45 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) from the embryo and endosperm, respectively, were identified at five germination stages (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h). Principal component analysis revealed a significant proteome difference between embryo and endosperm as well as the different germination stages. The largest proteome changes occurred 24 h after seed imbibition. Embryo DAP spots were mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress/defense, and protein metabolism; those from the endosperm were primarily related to storage protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a complicated interaction network between energy-related proteins and other proteins. Metabolic pathway analysis highlighted complex regulatory networks in the embryo and endosperm that regulate wheat seed germination. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Caixia Han
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Dongmiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Evaluation of 3D/2D Imaging and Image Processing Techniques for the Monitoring of Seed Imbibition. J Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/jimaging4070083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
Ajala-Luccas D, Ribeiro-Oliveira JP, Duarte Silveira LE, da Silva EAA. An integrative insight on dormancy alleviation in diaspores of Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga, a tropical grass with great economic and ecological impact. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:252-262. [PMID: 29106773 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Even though exhaustively studied, dormancy alleviation in diaspores of Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga remains a mystery. To clarify this, we asked the following question: could dormancy alleviation in diaspores of this species be associated with ageing, GA/ABA balance and remaining structures of the panicoid spikelet? We answer this question using diaspores of U. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi as a biological model, a cultivar with a wide edaphoclimatic range in Neotropical areas and whose diaspores possess 'deep dormancy' when dispersed. We analysed both germination and early plant development using a split-plot model. Our findings demonstrate that dormancy alleviation in diaspores of U. humidicola is a synergic phenomenon driven by crosstalk between age, GA/ABA balance and remaining structures of the panicoid spikelet covering caryopses, since this interaction acts on the dynamics of germination and early plant development. We demonstrate that: (i) spreading germination time is a maternal survival mechanism of this species, which has repercussions for occupational aggressiveness of the species; (ii) remaining structures of the panicoid spikelet covering caryopses are the main modulator of embryo development. These structures control the after-ripening process, which is modulated by some molecular factor. We also highlight that it is necessary to review concepts about dormancy of dispersal units in this grass species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ajala-Luccas
- Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas-UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J P Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L E Duarte Silveira
- Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas-UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E A A da Silva
- Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas-UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Onelli E, Moscatelli A, Gagliardi A, Zaninelli M, Bini L, Baldi A, Caccianiga M, Reggi S, Rossi L. Retarded germination of Nicotiana tabacum seeds following insertion of exogenous DNA mimics the seed persistent behavior. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187929. [PMID: 29216220 PMCID: PMC5720674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco seeds show a coat-imposed dormancy in which the seed envelope tissues (testa and endosperm) impose a physical constraint on the radicle protrusion. The germination-limiting process is represented by the endosperm rupture which is induced by cell-wall weakening. Transgenic tobacco seeds, obtained by insertion of exogenous genes codifying for seed-based oral vaccines (F18 and VT2eB), showed retarded germination with respect to the wild type and modified the expression of endogenous proteins. Morphological and proteomic analyses of wild type and transgenic seeds revealed new insights into factors influencing seed germination. Our data showed that the interference of exogenous DNA influences the germination rather than the dormancy release, by modifying the maturation process. Dry seeds of F18 and VT2eB transgenic lines accumulated a higher amount of reserve and stress-related proteins with respect to the wild type. Moreover, the storage proteins accumulated in tobacco F18 and VT2eB dry seeds have structural properties that do not enable the early limited proteolysis observed in the wild type. Morphological observations by electron and light microscopy revealed a retarded mobilization of the storage material from protein and lipid bodies in transgenic seeds, thus impairing water imbibition and embryo elongation. In addition, both F18 and VT2eB dry seeds are more rounded than the wild type. Both the morphological and biochemical characteristics of transgenic seeds mimic the seed persistent profile, in which their roundness enables them to be buried in the soil, while the higher content of storage material enables the hypocotyl to elongate more and the cotyledons to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomic, Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaninelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomic, Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Penfield S. Revealing the water uptake pathways of seeds with high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:965-966. [PMID: 29110309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Penfield
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu S, Oshita S, Kawabata S, Thuyet DQ. Nanobubble Water's Promotion Effect of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Sprouts Supported by RNA-Seq Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12478-12486. [PMID: 28965413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiological promotion effect of nanobubble (NB) water on living organisms is still a poorly understood phenomenon which was discovered 1 decade ago. Here, we analyzed the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) embryo transcriptome following the exposure to NB water and low-concentration hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using RNA-Seq. We found that 349 genes were differentially expressed after 24 h exposure to NB water and 97 genes were differentially expressed after exposure to H2O2 solution. Gene ontology enrichment and cluster analyses revealed that NB water induced expression of genes related to cell division and cell wall loosening. RNA-Seq, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme activity measurements all pointed to gene-encoding peroxidases as a major factor responsible for the effects of physiological enhancement due to NB water. The exogenous hydroxyl radical (•OH) produced by NB water significantly increased the expression of genes related to peroxidase and NADPH, thus leading to an increased endogenous superoxide anion (O2•-) inside the barley seed. Appropriately, low concentrations of exogenously added reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous ROS played important roles in plant growth and development. When ROS levels were low, the endogenous ROS was eliminated by ascorbate peroxidase and other peroxidases instead of activating the catalase and superoxidase dismutase. This data set will serve as the foundation for a system biology approach to understand physiological promotion effects of NB water on living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 10191, China
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oshita
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dang Quoc Thuyet
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zaynab M, Kanwal S, Furqan M, Islam W, Noman A, Ali GM, Rehman N, Zafar S, Sughra K, Jahanzab M. Proteomic approach to address low seed germination in Cyclobalnopsis gilva. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1441-1451. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Das A, Kim DW, Khadka P, Rakwal R, Rohila JS. Unraveling Key Metabolomic Alterations in Wheat Embryos Derived from Freshly Harvested and Water-Imbibed Seeds of Two Wheat Cultivars with Contrasting Dormancy Status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1203. [PMID: 28747920 PMCID: PMC5506182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Untimely rains in wheat fields during harvest season can cause pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), which deteriorates the yield and quality of wheat crop. Metabolic homeostasis of the embryo plays a role in seed dormancy, determining the status of the maturing grains either as dormant (PHS-tolerant) or non-dormant (PHS-susceptible). Very little is known for direct measurements of global metabolites in embryonic tissues of dormant and non-dormant wheat seeds. In this study, physiologically matured and freshly harvested wheat seeds of PHS-tolerant (cv. Sukang, dormant) and PHS-susceptible (cv. Baegjoong, non-dormant) cultivars were water-imbibed, and the isolated embryos were subjected to high-throughput, global non-targeted metabolomic profiling. A careful comparison of identified metabolites between Sukang and Baegjoong embryos at 0 and 48 h after imbibition revealed that several key metabolic pathways [such as: lipids, fatty acids, oxalate, hormones, the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs), and amino acids] and phytochemicals were differentially regulated between dormant and non-dormant varieties. Most of the membrane lipids were highly reduced in Baegjoong compared to Sukang, which indicates that the cell membrane instability in response to imbibition could also be a key factor in non-dormant wheat varieties for their untimely germination. This study revealed that several key marker metabolites (e.g., RFOs: glucose, fructose, maltose, and verbascose), were highly expressed in Baegjoong after imbibition. Furthermore, the data showed that the key secondary metabolites and phytochemicals (vitexin, chrysoeriol, ferulate, salidroside and gentisic acid), with known antioxidant properties, were comparatively low at basal levels in PHS-susceptible, non-dormant cultivar, Baegjoong. In conclusion, the results of this investigation revealed that after imbibition the metabolic homeostasis of dormant wheat is significantly less affected compared to non-dormant wheat. The inferences from this study combined with proteomic and transcriptomic studies will advance the molecular understanding of the pathways and enzyme regulations during PHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aayudh Das
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, BurlingtonVT, United States
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, BrookingsSD, United States
| | - Dea-Wook Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationWanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Pramod Khadka
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, BrookingsSD, United States
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Jai S. Rohila
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, BrookingsSD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steinbrecher T, Leubner-Metzger G. The biomechanics of seed germination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:765-783. [PMID: 27927995 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
From a biomechanical perspective, the completion of seed (and fruit) germination depends on the balance of two opposing forces: the growth potential of the embryonic axis (radicle-hypocotyl growth zone) and the restraint of the seed-covering layers (endosperm, testa, and pericarp). The diverse seed tissues are composite materials which differ in their dynamic properties based on their distinct cell wall composition and water uptake capacities. The biomechanics of embryo cell growth during seed germination depend on irreversible cell wall loosening followed by water uptake due to the decreasing turgor, and this leads to embryo elongation and eventually radicle emergence. Endosperm weakening as a prerequisite for radicle emergence is a widespread phenomenon among angiosperms. Research into the biochemistry and biomechanics of endosperm weakening has demonstrated that the reduction in puncture force of a seed's micropylar endosperm is environmentally and hormonally regulated and involves tissue-specific expression of cell wall remodelling proteins such as expansins, diverse hydrolases, and the production of directly acting apoplastic reactive oxygen. The endosperm-weakening biomechanics and its underlying cell wall biochemistry differ between the micropylar (ME) and chalazal (CE) endosperm domains. In the ME, they involve cell wall loosening, cell separation, and programmed cell death to provide decreased and localized ME tissue resistance, autolysis, and finally the formation of an ME hole required for radicle emergence. Future work will further unravel the molecular mechanisms, environmental regulation, and evolution of the diverse biomechanical cell wall changes underpinning the control of germination by endosperm weakening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Steinbrecher
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hourston JE, Ignatz M, Reith M, Leubner-Metzger G, Steinbrecher T. Biomechanical properties of wheat grains: the implications on milling. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0828. [PMID: 28100826 PMCID: PMC5310733 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millennia of continuous innovation have driven ever increasing efficiency in the milling process. Mechanically characterizing wheat grains and discerning the structure and function of the wheat bran layers can contribute to continuing innovation. We present novel shear force and puncture force testing regimes to characterize different wheat grain cultivars. The forces endured by wheat grains during the milling process can be quantified, enabling us to measure the impact of commonly applied grain pretreatments, such as microwave heating, extended tempering, enzyme and hormone treatments on grains of different ‘hardness’. Using these methods, we demonstrate the importance of short tempering phases prior to milling and identify ways in which our methods can detect differences in the maximum force, energy and breaking behaviours of hard and soft grain types. We also demonstrate for the first time, endosperm weakening in wheat, through hormone stratification on single bran layers. The modern milling process is highly refined, meaning that small, cultivar specific, adjustments can result in large increases in downstream profits. We believe that methods such as these, which enable rapid testing of milling pretreatments and material properties can help to drive an innovation process that has been core to our industrial efforts since prehistory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Hourston
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Michael Ignatz
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Martin Reith
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Tina Steinbrecher
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ji SH, Choi KH, Pengkit A, Im JS, Kim JS, Kim YH, Park Y, Hong EJ, Jung SK, Choi EH, Park G. Effects of high voltage nanosecond pulsed plasma and micro DBD plasma on seed germination, growth development and physiological activities in spinach. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 605:117-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
50
|
Srimany A, George C, Naik HR, Pinto DG, Chandrakumar N, Pradeep T. Developmental patterning and segregation of alkaloids in areca nut (seed of Areca catechu) revealed by magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry imaging. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 125:35-42. [PMID: 26896852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Areca nut (seed of Areca catechu) is consumed by people from different parts of Asia, including India. The four major alkaloids present in areca nut are arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline and guvacine. Upon cutting, the nut reveals two kinds of regions; white and brown. In our present study, we have monitored the formation of these two regions within the nut during maturation, using the non-invasive techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and volume localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI MS) imaging have been used to study the associated change in the alkaloid contents of these two regions during the growth of the nut. Our study reveals that white and brown regions start forming within the nut when the liquid within starts solidifying. At the final stage of maturity, arecoline, arecaidine and guvacoline get segregated in the brown region whereas guvacine gets to the white region of the nut. The transport of molecules with maturity and corresponding pattern formation are expected to be associated with a multitude of physiochemical changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Srimany
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Christy George
- MRI-MRS Centre, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Hemanta R Naik
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Danica Glenda Pinto
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - N Chandrakumar
- MRI-MRS Centre, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - T Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|