1
|
Kessler A, Mueller MB. Induced resistance to herbivory and the intelligent plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2345985. [PMID: 38687704 PMCID: PMC11062368 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant induced responses to environmental stressors are increasingly studied in a behavioral ecology context. This is particularly true for plant induced responses to herbivory that mediate direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. These seemingly adaptive alterations of plant defense phenotypes in the context of other environmental conditions have led to the discussion of such responses as intelligent behavior. Here we consider the concept of plant intelligence and some of its predictions for chemical information transfer in plant interaction with other organisms. Within this framework, the flow, perception, integration, and storage of environmental information are considered tunable dials that allow plants to respond adaptively to attacking herbivores while integrating past experiences and environmental cues that are predictive of future conditions. The predictive value of environmental information and the costs of acting on false information are important drivers of the evolution of plant responses to herbivory. We identify integrative priming of defense responses as a mechanism that allows plants to mitigate potential costs associated with acting on false information. The priming mechanisms provide short- and long-term memory that facilitates the integration of environmental cues without imposing significant costs. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary prediction of the plant intelligence hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael B. Mueller
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Huang Y, Shen Z, Wu M, Huang M, Hong SB, Xu L, Zang Y. Advances in functional studies of plant MYC transcription factors. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:195. [PMID: 39103657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family in plants and play a central role in governing a wide range of physiological processes. These processes encompass plant growth, development, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in comprehending the multifaceted regulatory functions of MYCs. This advancement has been achieved through the cloning of MYCs and the characterization of plants with MYC deficiencies or overexpression, employing comprehensive genome-wide 'omics' and protein-protein interaction technologies. MYCs act as pivotal components in integrating signals from various phytohormones' transcriptional regulators to orchestrate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we have compiled current research on the role of MYCs as molecular switches that modulate signal transduction pathways mediated by phytohormones and phytochromes. This comprehensive overview allows us to address lingering questions regarding the interplay of signals in response to environmental cues and developmental shift. It also sheds light on the potential implications for enhancing plant resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses through genetic improvements achieved by plant breeding and synthetic biology efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Liai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geng R, Li X, Huang J, Zhou W. The chloroplast singlet oxygen-triggered biosynthesis of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid is mediated by EX1 and GUN1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2852-2864. [PMID: 38600785 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defence hormones like salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play pivotal roles in triggering cell death. However, the precise mechanism governing the interaction between ROS and SA/JA remains elusive. Recently, our research revealed that RNAi mutants with suppressed expression of PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH8 (PCD8) exhibit an overabundance of tetrapyrrole intermediates, particularly uroporphyrinogen III (Uro III), leading to the accumulation of singlet oxygen (1O2) during the transition from darkness to light, thereby instigating leaf necrosis. In this investigation, we uncovered that 1O2 stimulates biosynthesis of SA and JA, activating SA/JA signalling and the expression of responsive genes in PCD8 RNAi (pcd8) mutants. Introducing NahG or knocking out PAD4 or NPR1 significantly alleviates the cell death phenotype of pcd8 mutants, while coi1 partially mitigates the pcd8 phenotype. Further exploration revealed that EX1 and GUN1 can partially rescue the pcd8 phenotype by reducing the levels of Uro III and 1O2. Notably, mutations in EX1 mutations but not GUN1, substantially diminish SA content in pcd8 mutants compared to the wild type, implying that EX1 acts as the primary mediator of 1O2 signalling-mediated SA biosynthesis. Moreover, the triple ex1 gun1 pcd8 displays a phenotype similar to ex1. Overall, our findings underscore that the 1O2-induced cell death phenotype requires EX1/GUN1-mediated retrograde signalling in pcd8 mutants, providing novel insights into the interplay between ROS and SA/JA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudan Geng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bleker C, Ramšak Ž, Bittner A, Podpečan V, Zagorščak M, Wurzinger B, Baebler Š, Petek M, Križnik M, van Dieren A, Gruber J, Afjehi-Sadat L, Weckwerth W, Županič A, Teige M, Vothknecht UC, Gruden K. Stress Knowledge Map: A knowledge graph resource for systems biology analysis of plant stress responses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100920. [PMID: 38616489 PMCID: PMC11211517 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress Knowledge Map (SKM; https://skm.nib.si) is a publicly available resource containing two complementary knowledge graphs that describe the current knowledge of biochemical, signaling, and regulatory molecular interactions in plants: a highly curated model of plant stress signaling (PSS; 543 reactions) and a large comprehensive knowledge network (488 390 interactions). Both were constructed by domain experts through systematic curation of diverse literature and database resources. SKM provides a single entry point for investigations of plant stress response and related growth trade-offs, as well as interactive explorations of current knowledge. PSS is also formulated as a qualitative and quantitative model for systems biology and thus represents a starting point for a plant digital twin. Here, we describe the features of SKM and show, through two case studies, how it can be used for complex analyses, including systematic hypothesis generation and design of validation experiments, or to gain new insights into experimental observations in plant biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Bleker
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andras Bittner
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vid Podpečan
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Zagorščak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Križnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annelotte van Dieren
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Juliane Gruber
- Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Afjehi-Sadat
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Core Facility Shared Services, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anže Županič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pastierovič F, Mogilicherla K, Hradecký J, Kalyniukova A, Dvořák O, Roy A, Tomášková I. Genome-Wide Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Unveiling the Defence Mechanisms of Populus tremula against Sucking and Chewing Insect Herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6124. [PMID: 38892311 PMCID: PMC11172939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants and insects coevolved as an evolutionarily successful and enduring association. The molecular arms race led to evolutionary novelties regarding unique mechanisms of defence and detoxification in plants and insects. While insects adopt mechanisms to conquer host defence, trees develop well-orchestrated and species-specific defence strategies against insect herbivory. However, current knowledge on the molecular underpinnings of fine-tuned tree defence responses against different herbivore insects is still restricted. In the current study, using a multi-omics approach, we unveiled the defence response of Populus tremula against aphids (Chaitophorus populialbae) and spongy moths (Lymantria dispar) herbivory. Comparative differential gene expression (DGE) analyses revealed that around 272 and 1203 transcripts were differentially regulated in P. tremula after moth and aphid herbivory compared to uninfested controls. Interestingly, 5716 transcripts were differentially regulated in P. tremula between aphids and moth infestation. Further investigation showed that defence-related stress hormones and their lipid precursors, transcription factors, and signalling molecules were over-expressed, whereas the growth-related counterparts were suppressed in P. tremula after aphid and moth herbivory. Metabolomics analysis documented that around 37% of all significantly abundant metabolites were associated with biochemical pathways related to tree growth and defence. However, the metabolic profiles of aphid and moth-fed trees were quite distinct, indicating species-specific response optimization. After identifying the suitable reference genes in P. tremula, the omics data were further validated using RT-qPCR. Nevertheless, our findings documented species-specific fine-tuning of the defence response of P. tremula, showing conservation on resource allocation for defence overgrowth under aphid and moth herbivory. Such findings can be exploited to enhance our current understanding of molecular orchestration of tree responses against herbivory and aid in developing insect pest resistance P. tremula varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pastierovič
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Alina Kalyniukova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Ondřej Dvořák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shan Y, Wang D, Zhao FH, Song J, Zhu H, Li Y, Zhang XJ, Dai XF, Han D, Chen JY. Insights into the biocontrol and plant growth promotion functions of Bacillus altitudinis strain KRS010 against Verticillium dahliae. BMC Biol 2024; 22:116. [PMID: 38764012 PMCID: PMC11103837 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a soil-borne vascular fungal disease, which has caused great losses to cotton yield and quality worldwide. The strain KRS010 was isolated from the seed of Verticillium wilt-resistant Gossypium hirsutum cultivar "Zhongzhimian No. 2." RESULTS The strain KRS010 has a broad-spectrum antifungal activity to various pathogenic fungi as Verticillium dahliae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum spp., and Magnaporthe oryzae, of which the inhibition rate of V. dahliae mycelial growth was 73.97% and 84.39% respectively through confrontation test and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) treatments. The strain was identified as Bacillus altitudinis by phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequences, and the strain physio-biochemical characteristics were detected, including growth-promoting ability and active enzymes. Moreover, the control efficiency of KRS010 against Verticillium wilt of cotton was 93.59%. After treatment with KRS010 culture, the biomass of V. dahliae was reduced. The biomass of V. dahliae in the control group (Vd991 alone) was 30.76-folds higher than that in the treatment group (KRS010+Vd991). From a molecular biological aspect, KRS010 could trigger plant immunity by inducing systemic resistance (ISR) activated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. Its extracellular metabolites and VOCs inhibited the melanin biosynthesis of V. dahliae. In addition, KRS010 had been characterized as the ability to promote plant growth. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that B. altitudinis KRS010 is a beneficial microbe with a potential for controlling Verticillium wilt of cotton, as well as promoting plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shan
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157012, China
| | - Dan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Fu-Hua Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157012, China
| | - Jian Song
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - He Zhu
- The Cotton Research Center of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Cotton Industry Technology System Liaohe Comprehensive Experimental Station, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Economic Crops, Liaoyang, 111000, China
| | - Yue Li
- The Cotton Research Center of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Cotton Industry Technology System Liaohe Comprehensive Experimental Station, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Economic Crops, Liaoyang, 111000, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157012, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Dongfei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saadaoui M, Faize M, Rifai A, Tayeb K, Omri Ben Youssef N, Kharrat M, Roeckel-Drevet P, Chaar H, Venisse JS. Evaluation of Tunisian wheat endophytes as plant growth promoting bacteria and biological control agents against Fusarium culmorum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300791. [PMID: 38758965 PMCID: PMC11101125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) applications have emerged as an ideal substitute for synthetic chemicals by their ability to improve plant nutrition and resistance against pathogens. In this study, we isolated fourteen root endophytes from healthy wheat roots cultivated in Tunisia. The isolates were identified based from their 16S rRNA gene sequences. They belonged to Bacillota and Pseudomonadota taxa. Fourteen strains were tested for their growth-promoting and defense-eliciting potentials on durum wheat under greenhouse conditions, and for their in vitro biocontrol power against Fusarium culmorum, an ascomycete responsible for seedling blight, foot and root rot, and head blight diseases of wheat. We found that all the strains improved shoot and/or root biomass accumulation, with Bacillus mojavensis, Paenibacillus peoriae and Variovorax paradoxus showing the strongest promoting effects. These physiological effects were correlated with the plant growth-promoting traits of the bacterial endophytes, which produced indole-related compounds, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and solubilized phosphate and zinc. Likewise, plant defense accumulations were modulated lastingly and systematically in roots and leaves by all the strains. Testing in vitro antagonism against F. culmorum revealed an inhibition activity exceeding 40% for five strains: Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus peoriae, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoae agglomerans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These strains exhibited significant inhibitory effects on F. culmorum mycelia growth, sporulation, and/or macroconidia germination. P. peoriae performed best, with total inhibition of sporulation and macroconidia germination. These finding highlight the effectiveness of root bacterial endophytes in promoting plant growth and resistance, and in controlling phytopathogens such as F. culmorum. This is the first report identifying 14 bacterial candidates as potential agents for the control of F. culmorum, of which Paenibacillus peoriae and/or its intracellular metabolites have potential for development as biopesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Saadaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, Tunis, Tunisia
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Aicha Rifai
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Koussa Tayeb
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization CNRST-URL10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Noura Omri Ben Youssef
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | | | - Hatem Chaar
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Tunisia, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spoel SH, Dong X. Salicylic acid in plant immunity and beyond. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1451-1464. [PMID: 38163634 PMCID: PMC11062473 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defence hormone in plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has attracted major research interest. With applications of modern technologies over the past 30 years, studies of the effects of SA on plant growth, development, and defence have revealed many new research frontiers and continue to deliver surprises. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of SA metabolism, perception, and signal transduction mechanisms in plant immunity. An overarching theme emerges that SA executes its many functions through intricate regulation at multiple steps: SA biosynthesis is regulated both locally and systemically, while its perception occurs through multiple cellular targets, including metabolic enzymes, redox regulators, transcription cofactors, and, most recently, an RNA-binding protein. Moreover, SA orchestrates a complex series of post-translational modifications of downstream signaling components and promotes the formation of biomolecular condensates that function as cellular signalling hubs. SA also impacts wider cellular functions through crosstalk with other plant hormones. Looking into the future, we propose new areas for exploration of SA functions, which will undoubtedly uncover more surprises for many years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roychowdhury R, Mishra S, Anand G, Dalal D, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta R. Decoding the molecular mechanism underlying salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant immunity: an integrated overview from its biosynthesis to the mode of action. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14399. [PMID: 38894599 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone, well-known for its regulatory role in shaping plant immune responses. In recent years, significant progress has been made in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying SA biosynthesis, perception, and downstream signalling cascades. Through the concerted efforts employing genetic, biochemical, and omics approaches, our understanding of SA-mediated defence responses has undergone remarkable expansion. In general, following SA biosynthesis through Avr effectors of the pathogens, newly synthesized SA undergoes various biochemical changes to achieve its active/inactive forms (e.g. methyl salicylate). The activated SA subsequently triggers signalling pathways associated with the perception of pathogen-derived signals, expression of defence genes, and induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to tailor the intricate regulatory networks that coordinate plant immune responses. Nonetheless, the mechanistic understanding of SA-mediated plant immune regulation is currently limited because of its crosstalk with other signalling networks, which makes understanding this hormone signalling more challenging. This comprehensive review aims to provide an integrated overview of SA-mediated plant immunity, deriving current knowledge from diverse research outcomes. Through the integration of case studies, experimental evidence, and emerging trends, this review offers insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing SA-mediated immunity and signalling. Additionally, this review discusses the potential applications of SA-mediated defence strategies in crop improvement, disease management, and sustainable agricultural practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Sapna Mishra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Debalika Dalal
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati Central University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yun SH, Khan IU, Noh B, Noh YS. Genomic overview of INA-induced NPR1 targeting and transcriptional cascades in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3572-3588. [PMID: 38261978 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) triggers transcriptional reprogramming that leads to SA-induced immunity in plants. NPR1 is an SA receptor and master transcriptional regulator in SA-triggered transcriptional reprogramming. Despite the indispensable role of NPR1, genome-wide direct targets of NPR1 specific to SA signaling have not been identified. Here, we report INA (functional SA analog)-specific genome-wide targets of Arabidopsis NPR1 in plants expressing GFP-fused NPR1 under its native promoter. Analyses of NPR1-dependently expressed direct NPR1 targets revealed that NPR1 primarily activates genes encoding transcription factors upon INA treatment, triggering transcriptional cascades required for INA-induced transcriptional reprogramming and immunity. We identified genome-wide targets of a histone acetyltransferase, HAC1, including hundreds of co-targets shared with NPR1, and showed that NPR1 and HAC1 regulate INA-induced histone acetylation and expression of a subset of the co-targets. Genomic NPR1 targeting was principally mediated by TGACG-motif binding protein (TGA) transcription factors. Furthermore, a group of NPR1 targets mostly encoding transcriptional regulators was already bound to NPR1 in the basal state and showed more rapid and robust induction than other NPR1 targets upon SA signaling. Thus, our study unveils genome-wide NPR1 targeting, its role in transcriptional reprogramming, and the cooperativity between NPR1, HAC1, and TGAs in INA-induced immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hun Yun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bosl Noh
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Noh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali J, Tonğa A, Islam T, Mir S, Mukarram M, Konôpková AS, Chen R. Defense strategies and associated phytohormonal regulation in Brassica plants in response to chewing and sap-sucking insects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376917. [PMID: 38645389 PMCID: PMC11026728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved distinct defense strategies in response to a diverse range of chewing and sucking insect herbivory. While chewing insect herbivores, exemplified by caterpillars and beetles, cause visible tissue damage and induce jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense responses, sucking insects, such as aphids and whiteflies, delicately tap into the phloem sap and elicit salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses. This review aims to highlight the specificity of defense strategies in Brassica plants and associated underlying molecular mechanisms when challenged by herbivorous insects from different feeding guilds (i.e., chewing and sucking insects). To establish such an understanding in Brassica plants, the typical defense responses were categorized into physical, chemical, and metabolic adjustments. Further, the impact of contrasting feeding patterns on Brassica is discussed in context to unique biochemical and molecular modus operandi that governs the resistance against chewing and sucking insect pests. Grasping these interactions is crucial to developing innovative and targeted pest management approaches to ensure ecosystem sustainability and Brassica productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Tonğa
- Entomology Department, Diyarbakır Plant Protection Research Institute, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
| | - Tarikul Islam
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sajad Mir
- Entomology Section, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alena Sliacka Konôpková
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Rizhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nabi Z, Manzoor S, Nabi SU, Wani TA, Gulzar H, Farooq M, Arya VM, Baloch FS, Vlădulescu C, Popescu SM, Mansoor S. Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Effector-Triggered Immunity: crosstalk and cooperation of PRR and NLR-mediated plant defense pathways during host-pathogen interactions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:587-604. [PMID: 38737322 PMCID: PMC11087456 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of the molecular basis underlying plant-pathogen interactions is imperative for the development of sustainable resistance strategies against pathogens. Plants employ a dual-layered immunological detection and response system wherein cell surface-localized Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and intracellular Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptors (NLRs) play pivotal roles in initiating downstream signalling cascades in response to pathogen-derived chemicals. Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) is associated with PRRs and is activated by the recognition of conserved molecular structures, known as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns. When PTI proves ineffective due to pathogenic effectors, Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) frequently confers resistance. In ETI, host plants utilize NLRs to detect pathogen effectors directly or indirectly, prompting a rapid and more robust defense response. Additionally epigenetic mechanisms are participating in plant immune memory. Recently developed technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 helps in exposing novel prospects in plant pathogen interactions. In this review we explore the fascinating crosstalk and cooperation between PRRs and NLRs. We discuss epigenomic processes and CRISPR/Cas9 regulating immune response in plants and recent findings that shed light on the coordination of these defense layers. Furthermore, we also have discussed the intricate interactions between the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways in plants, offering insights into potential synergistic interactions that would be harnessed for the development of novel and sustainable resistance strategies against diverse group of pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarka Nabi
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Subaya Manzoor
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132 India
| | | | - Humira Gulzar
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Mehreena Farooq
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOH-SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190025 India
| | - Vivak M. Arya
- Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, 33100 Yenişehir, Mersin Turkey
| | - Carmen Vlădulescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A. I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Mariana Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A. I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palukaitis P, Yoon JY. Defense signaling pathways in resistance to plant viruses: Crosstalk and finger pointing. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:77-212. [PMID: 38461031 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to infection by plant viruses involves proteins encoded by plant resistance (R) genes, viz., nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLRs), immune receptors. These sensor NLRs are activated either directly or indirectly by viral protein effectors, in effector-triggered immunity, leading to induction of defense signaling pathways, resulting in the synthesis of numerous downstream plant effector molecules that inhibit different stages of the infection cycle, as well as the induction of cell death responses mediated by helper NLRs. Early events in this process involve recognition of the activation of the R gene response by various chaperones and the transport of these complexes to the sites of subsequent events. These events include activation of several kinase cascade pathways, and the syntheses of two master transcriptional regulators, EDS1 and NPR1, as well as the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. The phytohormones, which transit from a primed, resting states to active states, regulate the remainder of the defense signaling pathways, both directly and by crosstalk with each other. This regulation results in the turnover of various suppressors of downstream events and the synthesis of various transcription factors that cooperate and/or compete to induce or suppress transcription of either other regulatory proteins, or plant effector molecules. This network of interactions results in the production of defense effectors acting alone or together with cell death in the infected region, with or without the further activation of non-specific, long-distance resistance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding these processes and the components of the local responses, their interactions, regulation, and crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang D, Chen T, Wu Y, Tang H, Yu J, Dai X, Zheng Y, Wan X, Yang Y, Tan X. Genome-wide analysis of the peanut CaM/CML gene family reveals that the AhCML69 gene is associated with resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:200. [PMID: 38378471 PMCID: PMC10880322 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulins (CaMs)/CaM-like proteins (CMLs) are crucial Ca2+-binding sensors that can decode and transduce Ca2+ signals during plant development and in response to various stimuli. The CaM/CML gene family has been characterized in many plant species, but this family has not yet been characterized and analyzed in peanut, especially for its functions in response to Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to analyze the CaM/CML genes and their functions in resistance to R. solanacearum. RESULTS Here, 67, 72, and 214 CaM/CML genes were identified from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively. The genes were divided into nine subgroups (Groups I-IX) with relatively conserved exon‒intron structures and motif compositions. Gene duplication, which included whole-genome duplication, tandem repeats, scattered repeats, and unconnected repeats, produced approximately 81 pairs of homologous genes in the AhCaM/CML gene family. Allopolyploidization was the main reason for the greater number of AhCaM/CML members. The nonsynonymous (Ka) versus synonymous (Ks) substitution rates (less than 1.0) suggested that all homologous pairs underwent intensive purifying selection pressure during evolution. AhCML69 was constitutively expressed in different tissues of peanut plants and was involved in the response to R. solanacearum infection. The AhCML69 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Transient overexpression of AhCML69 in tobacco leaves increased resistance to R. solanacearum infection and induced the expression of defense-related genes, suggesting that AhCML69 is a positive regulator of disease resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the AhCaM/CML gene family and potential genetic resources for the molecular design and breeding of peanut bacterial wilt resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yushuang Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiquan Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiong R, Peng Z, Zhou H, Xue G, He A, Yao X, Weng W, Wu W, Ma C, Bai Q, Ruan J. Genome-wide identification, structural characterization and gene expression analysis of the WRKY transcription factor family in pea (Pisum sativum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:113. [PMID: 38365619 PMCID: PMC10870581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WRKY gene family is one of the largest families of transcription factors in higher plants, and WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stresses; however, the WRKY gene family in pea has not been systematically reported. RESULTS In this study, 89 pea WRKY genes were identified and named according to the random distribution of PsWRKY genes on seven chromosomes. The gene family was found to have nine pairs of tandem duplicates and 19 pairs of segment duplicates. Phylogenetic analyses of the PsWRKY and 60 Arabidopsis WRKY proteins were performed to determine their homology, and the PsWRKYs were classified into seven subfamilies. Analysis of the physicochemical properties, motif composition, and gene structure of pea WRKYs revealed significant differences in the physicochemical properties within the PsWRKY family; however, their gene structure and protein-conserved motifs were highly conserved among the subfamilies. To further investigate the evolutionary relationships of the PsWRKY family, we constructed comparative syntenic maps of pea with representative monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and found that it was most recently homologous to the dicotyledonous WRKY gene families. Cis-acting element analysis of PsWRKY genes revealed that this gene family can respond to hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA). Further analysis of the expression of 14 PsWRKY genes from different subfamilies in different tissues and fruit developmental stages, as well as under five different hormone treatments, revealed differences in their expression patterns in the different tissues and fruit developmental stages, as well as under hormone treatments, suggesting that PsWRKY genes may have different physiological functions and respond to hormones. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we systematically identified WRKY genes in pea for the first time and further investigated their physicochemical properties, evolution, and expression patterns, providing a theoretical basis for future studies on the functional characterization of pea WRKY genes during plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Zhonghua Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Sichuan Province Seed Station, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Guoxing Xue
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Ailing He
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Weijiao Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Qing Bai
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P R China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hundacker J, Linda T, Hilker M, Lortzing V, Bittner N. The impact of insect egg deposition on Pinus sylvestris transcriptomic and phytohormonal responses to larval herbivory. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae008. [PMID: 38227779 PMCID: PMC10878248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Plants can improve their resistance to feeding damage by insects if they have perceived insect egg deposition prior to larval feeding. Molecular analyses of these egg-mediated defence mechanisms have until now focused on angiosperm species. It is unknown how the transcriptome of a gymnosperm species responds to insect eggs and subsequent larval feeding. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is known to improve its defences against larvae of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini L. if it has previously received sawfly eggs. Here, we analysed the transcriptomic and phytohormonal responses of Scots pine needles to D. pini eggs (E-pine), larval feeding (F-pine) and to both eggs and larval feeding (EF-pine). Pine showed strong transcriptomic responses to sawfly eggs and-as expected-to larval feeding. Many egg-responsive genes were also differentially expressed in response to feeding damage, and these genes play an important role in biological processes related to cell wall modification, cell death and jasmonic acid signalling. EF-pine showed fewer transcriptomic changes than F-pine, whereas EF-treated angiosperm species studied so far showed more transcriptional changes to the initial phase of larval feeding than only feeding-damaged F-angiosperms. However, as with responses of EF-angiosperms, EF-pine showed higher salicylic acid concentrations than F-pine. Based on the considerable overlap of the transcriptomes of E- and F-pine, we suggest that the weaker transcriptomic response of EF-pine than F-pine to larval feeding damage is compensated by the strong, egg-induced response, which might result in maintained pine defences against larval feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janik Hundacker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Tom Linda
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Vivien Lortzing
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Norbert Bittner
- Applied Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang M, Li W, Zhang T, Liu Y, Liu L. Botrytis cinerea-induced F-box protein 1 enhances disease resistance by inhibiting JAO/JOX-mediated jasmonic acid catabolism in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:297-311. [PMID: 38155572 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial phytohormone that regulates plant immunity. The endogenous JA level is determined by the rates of its biosynthesis and catabolism in plants. The activation of JA biosynthesis has been well documented; however, how plants repress JA catabolism upon pathogen infection remains elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized Botrytis cinerea-induced F-box protein 1 (BFP1) in Arabidopsis. The expression of BFP1 was induced by B. cinerea in a JA signaling-dependent manner, and BFP1 protein was critical for plant defense against B. cinerea and plant response to JA. In addition, BFP1 overexpression increased plant defenses against broad-spectrum pathogens without fitness costs. Further experiments demonstrated that BFP1 interacts with and mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of jasmonic acid oxidases (JAOs, also known as jasmonate-induced oxygenases, JOXs), the enzymes that hydroxylate JA to 12OH-JA. Consistent with this, BFP1 affects the accumulation of JA and 12OH-JA during B. cinerea infection. Moreover, mutation of JAO2 complemented the phenotypes of the bfp1 mutant. Collectively, our results unveil a new mechanism used by plants to activate immune responses upon pathogen infection: suppressing JA catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yueyan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sulaiman HY, Runno-Paurson E, Niinemets Ü. The same boat, different storm: stress volatile emissions in response to biotrophic fungal infections in primary and alternate hosts. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2217030. [PMID: 37232366 PMCID: PMC10730184 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2217030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rust infection results in stress volatile emissions, but due to the complexity of host-pathogen interaction and variations in innate defense and capacity to induce defense, biochemical responses can vary among host species. Fungal-dependent modifications in volatile emissions have been well documented in numerous host species, but how emission responses vary among host species is poorly understood. Our recent experiments demonstrated that the obligate biotrophic crown rust fungus (P. coronata) differently activated primary and secondary metabolic pathways in its primary host Avena sativa and alternate host Rhamnus frangula. In A. sativa, emissions of methyl jasmonate, short-chained lipoxygenase products, long-chained saturated fatty acid derivatives, mono- and sesquiterpenes, carotenoid breakdown products, and benzenoids were initially elicited in an infection severity-dependent manner, but the emissions decreased under severe infection and photosynthesis was almost completely inhibited. In R. frangula, infection resulted in low-level induction of stress volatile emissions, but surprisingly, in enhanced constitutive isoprene emissions, and even severely-infected leaves maintained a certain photosynthesis rate. Thus, the same pathogen elicited a much stronger response in the primary than in the alternate host. We argue that future work should focus on resolving mechanisms of different fungal tolerance and resilience among primary and secondary hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Runno-Paurson
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andrade FM, Sales L, Favaris AP, Bento JMS, Mithöfer A, Peñaflor MFGV. Identity Matters: Multiple Herbivory Induces Less Attractive or Repellent Coffee Plant Volatile Emission to Different Natural Enemies. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:696-709. [PMID: 37875650 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Co-infestations by herbivores, a common situation found in natural settings, can distinctly affect induced plant defenses compared to single infestations. Related tritrophic interactions might be affected through the emission of changed blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In a previous study, we observed that the infestation by red spider mite (Oligonychus ilicis) on coffee plants facilitated the infestation by white mealybug (Planococcus minor), whereas the reverse sequence of infestation did not occur. Here, we examined the involvement of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways in the plant-mediated asymmetrical facilitation between red spider mites and white mealybugs as well as the effect of multiple herbivory on attractiveness to the predatory mite Euseius concordis and the ladybug Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Both mite and mealybug herbivory led to the accumulation of JA-Ile, JA, and cis-OPDA in plants, although the catabolic reactions of JA-Ile were specifically regulated by each herbivore. Infestation by mites or mealybugs induced the release of novel volatiles by coffee plants, which selectively attracted their respective predators. Even though the co-infestation by mites and mealybugs resulted in a stronger accumulation of JA-Ile, JA and SA than the single infestation treatments, the volatile emission was similar to that of mite-infested or mealybug-infested plants. However, multiple infestation had a negative impact on the attractiveness of HIPVs to the predators, making them less attractive to the predatory mite and a repellent to the ladybug. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of the susceptibility induced by mites, and the effect of multiple infestation on each predator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Sales
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Arodí P Favaris
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Simões Bento
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Fernanda G V Peñaflor
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, PO Box 3037, Lavras, 37203-202, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bai S, Long J, Cui Y, Wang Z, Liu C, Liu F, Wang Z, Li Q. Regulation of hormone pathways in wheat infested by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:554. [PMID: 37940874 PMCID: PMC10634187 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat powdery mildew is an obligate biotrophic pathogen infecting wheat, which can pose a serious threat to wheat production. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out on wheat leaves infected by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from 0 h to 7 d. RESULTS KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed that the upstream biosynthetic pathways and downstream signal transduction pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene were highly enriched at all infection periods. Trend analysis showed that the expressions of hormone-related genes were significantly expressed from 1 to 4 d, suggesting that 1 d-4 d is the main period in which hormones play a defensive role. During this period of time, the salicylic acid pathway was up-regulated, while the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways were suppressed. Meanwhile, four key modules and 11 hub genes were identified, most of which were hormone related. CONCLUSION This study improves the understanding of the dynamical responses of wheat to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici infestation at the transcriptional level and provides a reference for screening core genes regulated by hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jiaohui Long
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Fenglou Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhangjun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tavan M, Hanachi P, Mirjalili MH. Biochemical changes and enhanced accumulation of phenolic compounds in cell culture of Perilla frutescens (L.) by nano-chemical elicitation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108151. [PMID: 37931559 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt is a renowned medicinal plant with pharmaceutically valuable phenolic acids and flavonoids. The present study was aimed to study the eliciting effect of silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs, 50 and 100 mg/L), and methyl jasmonate (MeJa, 50 and 100 μM) on the biochemical traits, the accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidative capacity of P. frutescens cell suspension culture. Suspension cells were obtained from friable calli derived from nodal explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BAP. The 21 days old cell suspension culture established from nodal explant derived callus supplemented with 100 mg/L MeJa resulted in the highest activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes, and CuNPs 100 mg/L treated cells indicated the maximum content of total phenol, total anthocyanin, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and H2O2. Also, the highest content of ferulic acid (1.41 ± 0.03, mg/g DW), rosmarinic acid (19.29 ± 0.12, mg/g DW), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (16.81 ± 0.18, U/mg protein) were observed with 100 mg/L CuNPs, exhibiting a total increase of 1.58-fold, 2.12-fold, and 1.51-fold, respectively, higher than untreated cells. On the other hand, AgNPs 100 mg/L treated cells indicated the most amounts of caffeic acid (0.57 ± 0.03, mg/g DW) and rutin (1.13 ± 0.07, mg/g DW), as well as the highest scavenging potential of free radicals. Overall, the results of the present study can be applied for the large-scale production of valuable phenolic acids and flavonoids from P. frutescens through CuNPs and AgNPs 100 mg/L elicited cell suspension cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Tavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Q, Yin Z, Tan W, Sun X, Cao H, Wang D. The resistance of the jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) to the devastating insect pest Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera, Insecta) involves the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105597. [PMID: 37945226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera, Insecta), cosmopolitan true bug, is a major pest of the Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba). To propose control measures of A. lucorum, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of resistance in two varieties of jujube (wild jujube and winter jujube) with different sensitivities to this pest. We monitored changes of two species of jujube in the transcriptome, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) content, and the expression of genes involved in signaling pathways. The preference of A. lucorum for jujube with exogenous SA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were also examined. The results showed that wild jujube leaves infested by A. lucorum showed stronger resistance and non-selectivity to A. lucorum than winter jujube. By comparing data from the A. lucorum infested plants with the control, A total of 438 and 796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in winter and wild jujube leaves, respectively. GO analysis revealed that biological process termed "plant-pathogen interactions", "plant hormone transduction" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". Most of DEGs enriched in JA pathways were upregulated, while most DEGs of SA pathways were downregulated. A. lucorum increased the JA content but decreased the SA content in jujube. Consistently, the JA and SA contents in winter jujube were lower than those in wild jujube leaves. The key genes ZjFAD3, ZjLOX, ZjAOS, ZjAOC3 and ZjAOC4 involved in JA synthesis of jujube leaves were significantly up-regulated after A. lucorum infestation, especially the expression and up-regulation ratio of ZjFAD3, ZjLOX and ZjAOS in wild jujube were significantly higher than those in winter jujube. MeJA-treated jujube showed an obvious repellent effect on A. lucorum. Based on these findings, we conclude that A. lucorum infestation of jujube induced the JA pathway and suppressed the SA pathway. In jujube leaves the ZjFAD3, ZjLOX and ZjAOS played important roles in increasing of JA content in jujube leaves. Thus, JA played an important role in repelling and resisting against A. lucorum in jujube.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wei Tan
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Xia Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Deya Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang P, Zhou J, Sun W, Li H, Li D, Zhuge Q. Characteristics and function of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene family in poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111857. [PMID: 37673220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen-associated protein 1 (PR1) plays an important role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 17 PtPR1 genes were identified in Populus trichocarpa genome. The 17 PtPR1 genes were distributed on 7 chromosomes, and divided into A, B subfamilies by evolutionary tree analysis. RTqPCR analysis showed that the PtPR1 gene family showed different degrees of response to drought stress. PtPR1 genes showed changes in expression in response to fungal pathogen Septotinia populiperda or insect attacks (Nausinoe geometralis, Hyphantria cunea). Also, we found that subfamily B of PtPR1 may play an important role in response to biotic stress. We identified a new resistance gene PtPR1A. Overexpression of PtPR1A in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, while overexpression of PtPR1A in poplar significantly enhanced the resistance to S. populiperda. The present study investigates the expression pattern of the PtPR1 genes under biotic and abiotic stresses, and it found that the characteristics of the PtPR1 genes diverged, which provided a theoretical basis for the further study of the PtPR1 genes in the plant defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jeyaraj A, Elango T, Chen X, Zhuang J, Wang Y, Li X. Advances in understanding the mechanism of resistance to anthracnose and induced defence response in tea plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1330-1346. [PMID: 37522519 PMCID: PMC10502868 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is susceptible to anthracnose disease that causes considerable crop loss and affects the yield and quality of tea. Multiple Colletotrichum spp. are the causative agents of this disease, which spreads quickly in warm and humid climates. During plant-pathogen interactions, resistant cultivars defend themselves against the hemibiotrophic pathogen by activating defence signalling pathways, whereas the pathogen suppresses plant defences in susceptible varieties. Various fungicides have been used to control this disease on susceptible plants, but these fungicide residues are dangerous to human health and cause fungicide resistance in pathogens. The problem-solving approaches to date are the development of resistant cultivars and ecofriendly biocontrol strategies to achieve sustainable tea cultivation and production. Understanding the infection stages of Colletotrichum, tea plant resistance mechanisms, and induced plant defence against Colletotrichum is essential to support sustainable disease management practices in the field. This review therefore summarizes the current knowledge of the identified causative agent of tea plant anthracnose, the infection strategies and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides, anthracnose disease resistance mechanisms, and the caffeine-induced defence response against Colletotrichum infection. The information reported in this review will advance our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and eventually help us to develop new disease control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anburaj Jeyaraj
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Xuan Chen
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Zhuang
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shirai M, Eulgem T. Molecular interactions between the soilborne pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and its host plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1264569. [PMID: 37780504 PMCID: PMC10539690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1264569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mentioned for the first time in an article 1971, the occurrence of the term "Macrophomina phaseolina" has experienced a steep increase in the scientific literature over the past 15 years. Concurrently, incidences of M. phaseolina-caused crop diseases have been getting more frequent. The high levels of diversity and plasticity observed for M. phasolina genomes along with a rich equipment of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, secondary metabolites and putative virulence effectors as well as the unusual longevity of microsclerotia, their asexual reproduction structures, make this pathogen very difficult to control and crop protection against it very challenging. During the past years several studies have emerged reporting on host defense measures against M. phaseolina, as well as mechanisms of pathogenicity employed by this fungal pathogen. While most of these studies have been performed in crop systems, such as soybean or sesame, recently interactions of M. phaseolina with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been described. Collectively, results from various studies are hinting at a complex infection cycle of M. phaseolina, which exhibits an early biotrophic phase and switches to necrotrophy at later time points during the infection process. Consequently, responses of the hosts are complex and seem coordinated by multiple defense-associated phytohormones. However, at this point no robust and strong host defense mechanism against M. phaseolina has been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Eulgem
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Philosoph AM, Dombrovsky A, Luria N, Sela N, Elad Y, Frenkel O. Rapid defense mechanism suppression during viral- oomycete disease complex formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124911. [PMID: 37360707 PMCID: PMC10288809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Combined infection of the host plant with pathogens involving different parasitic lifestyles may result in synergistic effects that intensify disease symptoms. Understanding the molecular dynamics during concurrent infection provides essential insight into the host response. The transcriptomic pattern of cucumber plants infected with a necrotrophic pathogen, Pythium spinosum, and a biotrophic pathogen, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was studied at different time points, under regimes of single and co-infection. Analysis of CGMMV infection alone revealed a mild influence on host gene expression at the stem base, while the infection by P. spinosum is associated with drastic changes in gene expression. Comparing P. spinosum as a single infecting pathogen with a later co-infection by CGMMV revealed a rapid host response as early as 24 hours post-CGMMV inoculation with a sharp downregulation of genes related to the host defense mechanism against the necrotrophic pathogen. Suppression of the defense mechanism of co-infected plants was followed by severe stress, including 30% plants mortality and an increase of the P. spinosum hyphae. The first evidence of defense recovery against the necrotrophic pathogen only occurred 13 days post-viral infection. These results support the hypothesis that the viral infection of the Pythium pre-infected plants subverted the host defense system and changed the equilibrium obtained with P. spinosum. It also implies a time window in which the plants are most susceptible to P. spinosum after CGMMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit M. Philosoph
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Levi Eshkol School of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saadaoui M, Faize M, Bonhomme L, Benyoussef NO, Kharrat M, Chaar H, Label P, Venisse JS. Assessment of Tunisian Trichoderma Isolates on Wheat Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Fusarium Seedling Blight Suppression. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1512. [PMID: 37375014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms, including members of the Trichoderma genus, are known for their ability to promote plant growth and disease resistance, as well as being alternatives to synthetic inputs in agriculture. In this study, 111 Trichoderma strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Florence Aurore, an ancient wheat variety that was cultivated in an organic farming system in Tunisia. A preliminary ITS analysis allowed us to cluster these 111 isolates into three main groups, T. harzianum (74 isolates), T. lixii (16 isolates) and T. sp. (21 isolates), represented by six different species. Their multi-locus analysis (tef1, translation elongation factor 1; rpb2, RNA polymerase B) identified three T. afroharzianum, one T. lixii, one T. atrobrunneum and one T. lentinulae species. These six new strains were selected to determine their suitability as plant growth promoters (PGP) and biocontrol agents (BCA) against Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSB) in wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum. All of the strains exhibited PGP abilities correlated to ammonia and indole-like compound production. In terms of biocontrol activity, all of the strains inhibited the development of F. culmorum in vitro, which is linked to the production of lytic enzymes, as well as diffusible and volatile organic compounds. An in planta assay was carried out on the seeds of a Tunisian modern wheat variety (Khiar) by coating them with Trichoderma. A significant increase in biomass was observed, which is associated with increased chlorophyll and nitrogen. An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains (with Th01 being the most effective) by suppressing morbid symptoms in germinated seeds and seedlings, as well as by limiting F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growth. Plant transcriptome analysis revealed that the isolates triggered several SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes involved in F. culmorum resistance in the roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlings. This finding makes these strains very promising in promoting growth and controlling FSB disease in modern wheat varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Saadaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, B.P. n° 94-ROMMANA, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Hedi Karray Street, El Menzah, Ariana 1004, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization URL-CNRST 10, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Noura Omri Benyoussef
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Hedi Karray Street, El Menzah, Ariana 1004, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Hedi Karray Street, El Menzah, Ariana 1004, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Chaar
- Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Hedi Karray Street, El Menzah, Ariana 1004, Tunisia
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Label
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Wang F, Song W, Yang Z, Li L, Ma Q, Tan X, Wei Z, Li Y, Li J, Yan F, Chen J, Sun Z. Different viral effectors suppress hormone-mediated antiviral immunity of rice coordinated by OsNPR1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3011. [PMID: 37230965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are plant hormones that typically act antagonistically in dicotyledonous plants and SA and JA signaling is often manipulated by pathogens. However, in monocotyledonous plants, the detailed SA-JA interplay in response to pathogen invasion remains elusive. Here, we show that different types of viral pathogen can disrupt synergistic antiviral immunity mediated by SA and JA via OsNPR1 in the monocot rice. The P2 protein of rice stripe virus, a negative-stranded RNA virus in the genus Tenuivirus, promotes OsNPR1 degradation by enhancing the association of OsNPR1 and OsCUL3a. OsNPR1 activates JA signaling by disrupting the OsJAZ-OsMYC complex and boosting the transcriptional activation activity of OsMYC2 to cooperatively modulate rice antiviral immunity. Unrelated viral proteins from different rice viruses also interfere with the OsNPR1-mediated SA-JA interplay to facilitate viral pathogenicity, suggesting that this may be a more general strategy in monocot plants. Overall, our findings highlight that distinct viral proteins convergently obstruct JA-SA crosstalk to facilitate viral infection in monocot rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fengmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zihang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yeo IC, de Azevedo Manhaes AME, Liu J, Avila J, He P, Devarenne TP. An unexpected role for tomato threonine deaminase 2 in host defense against bacterial infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:527-545. [PMID: 36530164 PMCID: PMC10152684 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often act antagonistically in controlling plant defense pathways in response to hemibiotrophs/biotrophs (hemi/biotroph) and herbivores/necrotrophs, respectively. Threonine deaminase (TD) converts threonine to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia as the committed step in isoleucine (Ile) biosynthesis and contributes to JA responses by producing the Ile needed to make the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants have two TD genes: TD1 and TD2. A defensive role for TD2 against herbivores has been characterized in relation to JA-Ile production. However, it remains unknown whether TD2 is also involved in host defense against bacterial hemi/biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Here, we show that in response to the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin flg22 peptide, an activator of SA-based defense responses, TD2 activity is compromised, possibly through carboxy-terminal cleavage. TD2 knockdown (KD) plants showed increased resistance to the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae but were more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, suggesting TD2 plays opposite roles in response to hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. This TD2 KD plant differential response to different pathogens is consistent with SA- and JA-regulated defense gene expression. flg22-treated TD2 KD plants showed high expression levels of SA-responsive genes, whereas TD2 KD plants treated with the fungal PAMP chitin showed low expression levels of JA-responsive genes. This study indicates TD2 acts negatively in defense against hemibiotrophs and positively against necrotrophs and provides insight into a new TD2 function in the elaborate crosstalk between SA and JA signaling induced by pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Julian Avila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Timothy P Devarenne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Islam MR, Chowdhury R, Roy AS, Islam MN, Mita MM, Bashar S, Saha P, Rahat RA, Hasan M, Akter MA, Alam MZ, Latif MA. Native Trichoderma Induced the Defense-Related Enzymes and Genes in Rice against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091864. [PMID: 37176922 PMCID: PMC10180545 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of Trichoderma is a form of biological control that has been effective in combating Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causative agent of the devastating disease known as bacterial blight of rice. In this present study, four strains of Trichoderma, viz., T. paraviridescens (BDISOF67), T. erinaceum (BDISOF91), T. asperellum (BDISOF08), and T. asperellum (BDISOF09), were collected from the rice rhizosphere and used to test their potentiality in reducing bacterial blight. The expression patterns of several core defense-related enzymes and genes related to SA and JA pathways were studied to explore the mechanism of induced resistance by those Trichoderma strains. The results primarily indicated that all Trichoderma were significantly efficient in reducing the lesion length of the leaf over rice check variety (IR24) through enhancing the expression of core defense-related enzymes, such as PAL, PPO, CAT, and POD activities by 4.27, 1.77, 3.53, and 1.57-fold, respectively, over control. Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR exhibited an upregulation of genes OsPR1, OsPR10, OsWRKY45, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY71, OsHI-LOX, and OsACS2 after 24 h of inoculation with all tested Trichoderma strains. However, in the case of RT-PCR, no major changes in OsPR1 and OsPR10 expression were observed in plants treated with different Trichoderma strains during different courses of time. Collectively, Trichoderma induced resistance in rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae by triggering these core defense-related enzymes and genes associated with SA and JA pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rabin Chowdhury
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Saha Roy
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mamuna Mahjabin Mita
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samrin Bashar
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Plabon Saha
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan Ahmed Rahat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Arjina Akter
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Latif
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Padilla YG, Gisbert-Mullor R, López-Galarza S, Albacete A, Martínez-Melgarejo PA, Calatayud Á. Short-term water stress responses of grafted pepper plants are associated with changes in the hormonal balance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170021. [PMID: 37180400 PMCID: PMC10167040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an important role in regulating the plant behavior to drought. In previous studies, NIBER® pepper rootstock showed tolerance to drought in terms of production and fruit quality compared to ungrafted plants. In this study, our hypothesis was that short-term exposure to water stress in young, grafted pepper plants would shed light on tolerance to drought in terms of modulation of the hormonal balance. To validate this hypothesis, fresh weight, water use efficiency (WUE) and the main hormone classes were analyzed in self-grafted pepper plants (variety onto variety, V/V) and variety grafted onto NIBER® (V/N) at 4, 24, and 48h after severe water stress was induced by PEG addition. After 48h, WUE in V/N was higher than in V/V, due to major stomata closure to maintain water retention in the leaves. This can be explained by the higher abscisic acid (ABA) levels observed in the leaves of V/N plants. Despite the interaction between ABA and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), in relation to stomata closure is controversial, we observed an important increase of ACC at the end of the experiment in V/N plants coinciding with an important rise of the WUE and ABA. The maximum concentration of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid after 48h was found in the leaves of V/N, associated with their role in abiotic stress signaling and tolerance. Respect to auxins and cytokinins, the highest concentrations were linked to water stress and NIBER®, but this effect did not occur for gibberellins. These results show that hormone balance was affected by water stress and rootstock genotype, where NIBER® rootstock displayed a better ability to overcome short-term water stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Gara Padilla
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Gisbert-Mullor
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Valenciano de Estudios sobre el Riego (CVER), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Valenciano de Estudios sobre el Riego (CVER), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Research and Development of Murcia (IMIDA), Department of Plant Production and Agrotechnology, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo N, Qu H, Zhi Y, Zhang Y, Cheng S, Chu J, Zhang Z, Xu G. Knockout of amino acid transporter gene OsLHT1 accelerates leaf senescence and enhances resistance to rice blast fungus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad125. [PMID: 37010326 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant amino acid transporters (AATs) regulate not only long-distance transport and reallocation of nitrogen (N) from source to sink organs, but also amount of amino acids in leaves hijacked by invaded pathogens. However, the function of AATs in plant defense responses to pathogen infection remains unknown. In this study, we found that rice amino acid transporter gene OsLHT1 was expressed in leaves and up-regulated by maturing, N starvation and inoculation of blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Knockout of OsLHT1 resulted in development stage- and N supply-dependent premature senescence of leaves at vegetative growth stage. In comparison to wild type, Oslht1 mutant lines showed sustained rusty red spots on fully mature leaf blades irrespective of N supply levels. Notably, no relationship between the severity of leaf rusty red spots and concentration of total N or amino acids was found in Oslht1 mutants at different developmental stages. Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoids, enhanced expression of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related defense genes and production of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, accumulation of reactive oxygen species. OsLHT1 inactivation dramatically prevented the leaf invasion of M. oryzae, the hemi-biotrophic ascomycete fungus. Overall, these results establish a module connecting the activity of amino acid transporter with leaf metabolism and defense to rice blast fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu X, Guo L, Zhu R, Zhou X, Zhang J, Li D, He S, Qiao Y. Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh113 associates with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB to inhibit catalase-mediated immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 36972124 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora species are the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and the main threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their pathogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Avh113 effector is required for the virulence of Phytophthora sojae and is important for development of Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) in soybean (Glycine max). Ectopic expression of PsAvh113 enhanced viral and Phytophthora infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. PsAvh113 directly associated with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB, inducing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The internal repeat 2 (IR2) motif of PsAvh113 was important for its virulence and interaction with GmDPB, while silencing and overexpression of GmDPB in soybean hairy roots altered the resistance to P. sojae. Upon binding to GmDPB, PsAvh113 decreased the transcription of the downstream gene GmCAT1, which acts as a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, we revealed that PsAvh113 suppressed the GmCAT1-induced cell death by associating with GmDPB, thereby enhancing plant susceptibility to Phytophthora. Together, our findings reveal a vital role of PsAvh113 in inducing PRSR in soybean and offer a novel insight into the interplay between defence and counter-defence during the P. sojae infection of soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sharma I, Kashyap S, Agarwala N. Biotic stress-induced changes in root exudation confer plant stress tolerance by altering rhizospheric microbial community. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132824. [PMID: 36968415 PMCID: PMC10036841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Every organism on the earth maintains some kind of interaction with its neighbours. As plants are sessile, they sense the varied above-ground and below-ground environmental stimuli and decipher these dialogues to the below-ground microbes and neighbouring plants via root exudates as chemical signals resulting in the modulation of the rhizospheric microbial community. The composition of root exudates depends upon the host genotype, environmental cues, and interaction of plants with other biotic factors. Crosstalk of plants with biotic agents such as herbivores, microbes, and neighbouring plants can change host plant root exudate composition, which may permit either positive or negative interactions to generate a battlefield in the rhizosphere. Compatible microbes utilize the plant carbon sources as their organic nutrients and show robust co-evolutionary changes in changing circumstances. In this review, we have mainly focused on the different biotic factors responsible for the synthesis of alternative root exudate composition leading to the modulation of rhizosphere microbiota. Understanding the stress-induced root exudate composition and resulting change in microbial community can help us to devise strategies in engineering plant microbiomes to enhance plant adaptive capabilities in a stressful environment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumar V, Chaudhary P, Prasad A, Dogra V, Kumar A. Jasmonic acid limits Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA infection in rice by modulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:520-530. [PMID: 36764267 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight disease of rice caused by a soil-borne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA is one of the major threats to rice production globally. During host-pathogen interactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in pathogen virulence and plant defense. For example, necrotrophic pathogens induce ROS production to damage host cells, whereas the host can incite ROS to kill the pathogen. From the host perspective, it is essential to understand how the antioxidant machinery maintains a delicate balance of ROS to protect itself from its lethal effects. Here, we investigated the pathogen-induced accumulation of ROS and implicated damage in two rice genotypes (PR114, susceptible; ShB, moderately tolerant) varying in the level of susceptibility to R. solani AG1-IA. Compared to PR114, ShB exhibited a better antioxidant response and reasonably lesser oxidative damage. Further, we observed elevated levels of jasmonic acid (JA) in ShB, which was otherwise decreased in PR114 in response to pathogen infection. As depicted, an elevated level of JA was in agreement with the expression profiles of genes involved in its biosynthesis and signaling. To further ascertain if the heightened antioxidant response is JA-dependent or independent, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was exogenously applied to PR114, and antioxidant response in terms of gene expression, enzyme activities, and oxidative damage was studied in R. solani infected samples. Surprisingly, the exogenous application of MeJA complemented the antioxidant response and reduced oxidative damage in PR114, thus suggesting that the antioxidant defense system is under transcriptional control of JA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Chaudhary
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apoorva Prasad
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parmagnani AS, Kanchiswamy CN, Paponov IA, Bossi S, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Bacterial Volatiles (mVOC) Emitted by the Phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora Promote Arabidopsis thaliana Growth and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030600. [PMID: 36978848 PMCID: PMC10045578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens are well known for their devastating activity that causes worldwide significant crop losses. However, their exploitation for crop welfare is relatively unknown. Here, we show that the microbial volatile organic compound (mVOC) profile of the bacterial phytopathogen, Erwinia amylovora, enhances Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root growth. GC-MS head-space analyses revealed the presence of typical microbial volatiles, including 1-nonanol and 1-dodecanol. E. amylovora mVOCs triggered early signaling events including plasma transmembrane potential Vm depolarization, cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuation, K+-gated channel activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) burst from few minutes to 16 h upon exposure. These early events were followed by the modulation of the expression of genes involved in plant growth and defense responses and responsive to phytohormones, including abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin (including the efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN3). When tested, synthetic 1-nonanol and 1-dodecanol induced root growth and modulated genes coding for ROS. Our results show that E. amylovora mVOCs affect A. thaliana growth through a cascade of early and late signaling events that involve phytohormones and ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra S. Parmagnani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ivan A. Paponov
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5967
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Raghavan I, Ravi Gopal B, Carroll E, Wang ZQ. Cardenolide Increase in Foxglove after 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole Treatment Reveals a Potential Link between Cardenolide and Phytosterol Biosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:107-116. [PMID: 36222367 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardenolides are steroidal metabolites in Digitalis lanata with potent cardioactive effects on animals. In plants, cardenolides are likely involved in various stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of cardenolide increase during stresses is mostly unknown. Additionally, cardenolides are proposed to arise from cholesterol, but indirect results show that phytosterols may also be substrates for cardenolide biosynthesis. Here, we show that cardenolides increased after methyl jasmonate (MJ), sorbitol, potassium chloride (KCl) and salicylic acid analog [2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTH)] treatments. However, the expression of three known genes for cardenolide biosynthesis did not correlate well with these increases. Specifically, the expression of progesterone-5β-reductases (P5βR and P5βR2) did not correlate with the cardenolide increase. The expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) correlated with changes in cardenolide levels only during the BTH treatment. Mining the D. lanata transcriptome identified genes involved in cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthesis: C24 sterol sidechain reductase 1 (SSR1), C4 sterol methyl oxidase 1, and 3 (SMO1 and SMO3). Surprisingly, the expression of all three genes correlated well with the cardenolide increase after the BTH treatment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SSR1 is likely involved in both cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthesis. In addition, SMO1 is likely specific to phytosterol biosynthesis, and SMO3 is specific to cholesterol biosynthesis. These results suggest that stress-induced increase of cardenolides in foxglove may correlate with cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthesis. In summary, this work shows that cardenolides are important for stress responses in D. lanata and reveals a potential link between phytosterol and cardenolide biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Raghavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Baradwaj Ravi Gopal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Emily Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Zhen Q Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng Y, Liang C, Qiu Z, Zhou S, Liu J, Yang Y, Wang R, Yin J, Ma C, Cui Z, Song J, Li D. Jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth in pear. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1105521. [PMID: 36824194 PMCID: PMC9941643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The quality of seedlings is an important factor for development of the pear industry. A strong seedling with few branches and suitable internodes is ideal material as a rootstock for grafting and breeding. Several branching mutants of pear rootstocks were identified previously. In the present study, 'QAU-D03' (Pyrus communis L.) and it's mutants were used to explore the mechanism that affects branch formation by conducting phenotypic trait assessment, hormone content analysis, and transcriptome analysis. The mutant plant (MP) showed fewer branches, shorter 1-year-old shoots, and longer petiole length, compared to original plants (OP), i.e., wild type. Endogenous hormone analysis revealed that auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid contents in the stem tips of MP were significantly higher than those of the original plants. In particular, the jasmonic acid content of the MP was 1.8 times higher than that of the original plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PcCOI1, which is a transcriptional regulatory gene downstream of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, was expressed more highly in the MP than in the original plants, whereas the expression levels of PcJAZ and PcMYC were reduced in the MP compared with that of the original plants. In response to treatment with exogenous methyl jasmonate, the original plants phenotype was consistent with that of the MP in developing less branches. These results indicate that jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth of pear trees and that jasmonic acid downstream regulatory genes play a crucial role in regulating branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenglin Liang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Qiu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dingli Li
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gattoni KM, Park SW, Lawrence KS. Evaluation of the mechanism of action of Bacillus spp. to manage Meloidogyne incognita with split root assay, RT-qPCR and qPCR. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1079109. [PMID: 36743572 PMCID: PMC9895862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to determine the mechanism of action of two Bacillus spp. that can manage Meloidogyne incognita population density in cotton. The overall objectives are 1) determine the efficacy and direct antagonistic capabilities of the Bacillus spp. and 2) determine the systemic capabilities of the Bacillus spp. The greenhouse in planta assay indicated B. amyloliquefaciens QST713 and B. firmus I-1582 could manage M. incognita similarly to the chemical standard fluopyram. An in vitro assay determined that B. firmus I-1582 and its extracted metabolites were able to directly manage M. incognita second stage juveniles by increasing mortality rate above 75%. A split root assay, used to determine systemic capabilities of the bacteria, indicated B. amyloliquefaciens QST713 and B. firmus I-1582 could indirectly decrease the nematode population density. Another species, B. mojavensis strain 2, also demonstrated systemic capabilities but was not a successful biological control agent because it supported a high population density in greenhouse in planta assay and in the split root assay. A RT-qPCR assay was used to confirm any systemic activity observed in the split root assay. At 24 hours both B. amyloliquefaciens QST713 and B. firmus I-1582 upregulated one gene involved in the initial stages of JA synthesis pathway but not another gene involved in the later stages of JA synthesis. These results point to a JA intermediate molecule, most likely OPDA, stimulated by the bacteria rather than JA in a short-term systemic response. After 1 week, the Bacillus spp. stimulated a SA-responsive defense related gene. The long-term systemic response to the Bacillus spp. indicates salicylic acid also plays a role in defense conferred by these bacteria. The final assay was a qPCR to determine the concentration of the bacteria on the cotton roots after 24 days. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 and B. firmus I-43 1582 were able to colonize the root successfully, with the concentration after 24 days not significantly differing from the concentration at inoculation. This study identifies two bacteria that work via systemic resistance and will help aid in implementing these species in an integrated management system.
Collapse
|
40
|
Li J, Zhang J, Wu T, Liu P, Li P, Yao X, Liu H, Ciren Y. Multi Omics Analysis Revealed a Resistance Mechanism of Tibetan Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., Qingke) Infected by Ustilago hordei. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36616285 PMCID: PMC9824760 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare L., qingke) is the principal cereal cultivated on Tibet. Ustilago hordei causing covered smut is a serious disease that limits the yield of qingke. Here, based on multi omics study including metabolome, proteome and transcriptome, we show that during infection, primary metabolisms such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipids were significantly changed. Jasmonic acid, which perform as a biotic stress signaler, was significantly repressed, and related genes or proteins also showed different expression in infected qingke. In addition, other defense-related compounds such as riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and protease inhibitors were also detected in omics data. Our results revealed a preliminary biological profile of qingke infected by U. hordei and provide a resource for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Pu Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - Xiaobo Yao
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850031, China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850031, China
| | - Yangla Ciren
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850031, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Knocking Out the Transcription Factor OsNAC092 Promoted Rice Drought Tolerance. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121830. [PMID: 36552339 PMCID: PMC9776343 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental drought stress threatens rice production. Previous studies have reported that related NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC) transcription factors play an important role in drought stress. Herein, we identified and characterized OsNAC092, encoding an NAC transcription factor that is highly expressed and induced during drought tolerance. OsNAC092 knockout lines created using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system exhibited increased drought resistance in rice. RNA sequencing showed that the knockout of OsNAC092 caused a global expression change, and differential gene expression is chiefly associated with "response to light stimulus," "MAPK signaling pathway," "plant hormone signal transduction," "response to oxidative stress," "photosynthesis," and "water deprivation." In addition, the antioxidants and enzyme activities of the redox response were significantly increased. OsNAC092 mutant rice exhibited a higher ability to scavenge more ROS and maintained a high GSH/GSSG ratio and redox level under drought stress, which could protect cells from oxidant stress, revealing the importance of OsNAC092 in the rice's response to abiotic stress. Functional analysis of OsNAC092 will be useful to explore many rice resistance genes in molecular breeding to aid in the development of modern agriculture.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang Y, Yuan S, Shao C, Zhu W, Xiao D, Zhang C, Hou X, Li Y. BcOPR3 Mediates Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens in Arabidopsis and Non-heading Chinese Cabbage. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2523-2537. [PMID: 35852468 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-22-0049-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways usually mediate the defense response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, respectively. Our previous work showed that after non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) was infected with the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica, expression of the JA biosynthetic gene BcOPR3 is induced; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we overexpressed BcOPR3 in Arabidopsis and silenced BcOPR3 in NHCC001 plants to study the defensive role of BcOPR3 in plants against pathogen invasion. The results showed that overexpression of BcOPR3 increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) but enhanced its resistance to Botrytis cinerea. BcOPR3-silenced NHCC001 plants with a 50% reduction in BcOPR3 expression increased their resistance to downy mildew by reducing the hyphal density and spores of H. parasitica. In addition, BcOPR3-partly silenced NHCC001 plants were also resistant to B. cinerea, which could be the result of a synergistic effect of JA and SA. These findings indicate a complicated role of BcOPR3 in the mediating defense responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gildea L, Ayariga JA, Xu J, Villafane R, Robertson BK, Samuel-Foo M, Ajayi OS. Cannabis sativa CBD Extract Exhibits Synergy with Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics against Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar typhimurium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122360. [PMID: 36557613 PMCID: PMC9784314 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New generation antibiotics are needed to combat the development of resistance to antimicrobials. One of the most promising new classes of antibiotics is cannabidiol (CBD). It is a non-toxic and low-resistance chemical that can be used to treat bacterial infections. The antibacterial activity of Cannabis sativa L. byproducts, specifically CBD, has been of growing interest in the field of novel therapeutics. As research continues to define and characterize the antibacterial activity that CBD possesses against a wide variety of bacterial species, it is important to examine potential interactions between CBD and common therapeutics such as broad-spectrum antibiotics. In this study it is demonstrated that CBD-antibiotic (combination of CBD and antibiotic) co-therapy can effectively fight Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) via membrane integrity disruption. This research serves to examine the potential synergy between CBD and three broad-spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin, kanamycin, and polymyxin B) for potential CBD-antibiotic co-therapy. In this study, it is revealed that S. typhimurium growth is inhibited at very low dosages of CBD-antibiotic. This interesting finding demonstrates that CBD and CBD-antibiotic co-therapies are viable novel alternatives to combating S. typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Gildea
- The Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Joseph Atia Ayariga
- The Industrial Hemp Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (O.S.A.)
| | - Junhuan Xu
- The Industrial Hemp Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Robert Villafane
- The Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Boakai K. Robertson
- The Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Michelle Samuel-Foo
- The Industrial Hemp Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Olufemi S. Ajayi
- The Industrial Hemp Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (O.S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sampedro-Guerrero J, Vives-Peris V, Gomez-Cadenas A, Clausell-Terol C. Encapsulation Reduces the Deleterious Effects of Salicylic Acid Treatments on Root Growth and Gravitropic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214019. [PMID: 36430498 PMCID: PMC9696185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of salicylic acid (SA) on plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses is well documented. However, the mechanism by which exogenous SA protects plants and its interactions with other phytohormones remains elusive. SA effect, both free and encapsulated (using silica and chitosan capsules), on Arabidopsis thaliana development was studied. The effect of SA on roots and rosettes was analysed, determining plant morphological characteristics and hormone endogenous levels. Free SA treatment affected length, growth rate, gravitropic response of roots and rosette size in a dose-dependent manner. This damage was due to the increase of root endogenous SA concentration that led to a reduction in auxin levels. The encapsulation process reduced the deleterious effects of free SA on root and rosette growth and in the gravitropic response. Encapsulation allowed for a controlled release of the SA, reducing the amount of hormone available and the uptake by the plant, mitigating the deleterious effects of the free SA treatment. Although both capsules are suitable as SA carrier matrices, slightly better results were found with chitosan. Encapsulation appears as an attractive technology to deliver phytohormones when crops are cultivated under adverse conditions. Moreover, it can be a good tool to perform basic experiments on phytohormone interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-C.); (C.C.-T.)
| | - Carolina Clausell-Terol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-C.); (C.C.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu X, Zeng Y, Yang L, Li M, Fu M, Zhang S. Plagiodera versicolora feeding induces systemic and sexually differential defense responses in poplars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13804. [PMID: 36270748 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dioecious plants have evolved effective defense strategies to deal with various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known regarding sexual differences in their defense against herbivores. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of systemic defense responses in male and female Populus cathayana attacked by Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting. The results revealed that P. cathayana exhibits sexually differential responses to a defoliator. The percentage of damaged leaf area was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, the observed saccharide changes imply that males and females exhibit different response times to defoliators. The contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased in both sexes but were higher in females. Specifically, the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway plays an important role. Expression of pest-related genes further revealed that hormones induce changes in downstream genes and metabolites, and upregulation of JA ZIM-domain (JAZ) and CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) was more significant in females. In the undamaged adjacent leaves, metabolite and gene changes displayed similar patterns to the damaged local leaves, but levels of JA, JAZ1, and COI1 were higher in females. Therefore, our data confirmed that plants initiate the JA pathway to defend against herbivores, that there is systematic signal transduction, and that this ability is stronger in females than in males. This study provides new insights into the resistance of dioecious plants to herbivory and adds a new theoretical basis for the systemic signal transduction of plants in response to biotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Val-Torregrosa B, Bundó M, Mallavarapu MD, Chiou TJ, Flors V, San Segundo B. Loss-of-function of NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION confers disease resistance in Arabidopsis by modulating hormone signaling and camalexin content. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111374. [PMID: 35839945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an important macronutrient required for plant growth and development. It is absorbed by the roots in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Under Pi limiting conditions, plants activate the Phosphate Starvation Response (PSR) system to enhance Pi acquisition. The NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTION (NLA) gene is a component of the Arabidopsis PSR, and its expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR827. We show that loss-of-function of NLA and MIR827 overexpression increases Pi level and enhances resistance to infection by the fungal pathogen Plectosphaerella cucumerina in Arabidopsis. Upon pathogen infection, high Pi plants (e.g. nla plants and wild type plants grown under high Pi supply) showed enhanced callose deposition. High Pi plants also exhibited superinduction of camalexin biosynthesis genes which is consistent with increased levels of camalexin during pathogen infection. Pathogen infection and treatment with fungal elicitors, triggered up-regulation of MIR827 and down-regulation of NLA expression. Under non-infection conditions, the nla plants showed increased levels of SA and JA compared with wild type plants, their levels further increasing upon pathogen infection. Overall, the outcomes of this study suggest that NLA plays a role in Arabidopsis immunity, while supporting convergence between Pi signaling and immune signaling in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Val-Torregrosa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mani Deepika Mallavarapu
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tzyy-Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, 115 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor Flors
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Carrer de la Vall Moronta, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano, 117, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ribeiro B, Erffelinck ML, Lacchini E, Ceulemans E, Colinas M, Williams C, Van Hamme E, De Clercq R, Perassolo M, Goossens A. Interference between ER stress-related bZIP-type and jasmonate-inducible bHLH-type transcription factors in the regulation of triterpene saponin biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903793. [PMID: 36247618 PMCID: PMC9562455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene saponins (TS) are a structurally diverse group of metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. They primarily serve as defense compounds and their production is often triggered by biotic stresses through signaling cascades that are modulated by phytohormones such as the jasmonates (JA). Two JA-modulated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs), triterpene saponin biosynthesis activating regulator 1 (TSAR1) and TSAR2, have previously been identified as direct activators of TS biosynthesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Here, we report on the involvement of the core endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs bZIP17 and bZIP60 in the regulation of TS biosynthesis. Expression and processing of M. truncatula bZIP17 and bZIP60 proteins were altered in roots with perturbed TS biosynthesis or treated with JA. Accordingly, such roots displayed an altered ER network structure. M. truncatula bZIP17 and bZIP60 proteins were shown to localize in the nucleus and appeared to be capable of interfering with the TSAR-mediated transactivation of TS biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, interference between ER stress-related bZIP and JA-modulated bHLH TFs in the regulation of JA-dependent terpene biosynthetic pathways may be widespread in the plant kingdom, as we demonstrate that it also occurs in the regulation of monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Erffelinck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evi Ceulemans
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maite Colinas
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Williams
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rebecca De Clercq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Perassolo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng L, Yang P, Niu Z, Tian M, Wang J, Sun C, Zhang S, Peng Z, Zhu J, Yang Z. Dissecting in vivo responses of phytohormones to Alternaria solani infection reveals orchestration of JA- and ABA-mediated antifungal defenses in potato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac188. [PMID: 37180032 PMCID: PMC10167417 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zheng
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Pan Yang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Zijian Niu
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Mengjun Tian
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Chaofei Sun
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | - Zechi Peng
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jing Y, Zhan M, Li C, Pei T, Wang Q, Li P, Ma F, Liu C. The apple FERONIA receptor-like kinase MdMRLK2 negatively regulates Valsa canker resistance by suppressing defence responses and hypersensitive reaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1170-1186. [PMID: 35412700 PMCID: PMC9276949 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Valsa canker, caused by the fungus Valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in China and other East Asian countries. The plant receptor-like kinase FERONIA is involved in plant cell growth, development, and immunity. However, little is known about the function of FERONIA in apple defence against V. mali. In this study, we found that MdMRLK2 was highly induced by V. mali in twigs of V. mali-susceptible Malus mellana but not in those of the resistant species Malus yunnaensis. 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants showed compromised resistance relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Further analyses indicated that 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants had enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) levels and reduced salicylic acid (SA) levels relative to the WT on V. mali infection. MdMRLK2 overexpression also suppressed polyphenol accumulation and inhibited the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and chitinase (CHT) during V. mali infection. Moreover, MdMRLK2 interacted with MdHIR1, a hypersensitive-induced response protein, and suppressed the MdHIR1-mediated hypersensitive reaction (HR), probably by impairing MdHIR1 self-interaction. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that overexpression of MdMRLK2 compromises Valsa canker resistance, probably by (a) altering ABA and SA levels, (b) suppressing polyphenol accumulation, (c) inhibiting PAL, GLU, and CHT activities, and (d) blocking MdHIR1-mediated HR by disrupting MdHIR1 self-interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Minghui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chunrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao P, Liu L, Cao J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhong N. Transcriptome Analysis of Tryptophan-Induced Resistance against Potato Common Scab. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158420. [PMID: 35955553 PMCID: PMC9369096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato common scab (CS) is a worldwide soil-borne disease that severely reduces tuber quality and market value. We observed that foliar application of tryptophan (Trp) could induce resistance against CS. However, the mechanism of Trp as an inducer to trigger host immune responses is still unclear. To facilitate dissecting the molecular mechanisms, the transcriptome of foliar application of Trp and water (control, C) was compared under Streptomyces scabies (S) inoculation and uninoculation. Results showed that 4867 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under S. scabies uninoculation (C-vs-Trp) and 2069 DEGs were identified under S. scabies inoculation (S-vs-S+Trp). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that Trp induced resistance related to the metabolic process, response to stimulus, and biological regulation. As phytohormone metabolic pathways related to inducing resistance, the expression patterns of candidate genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) pathways were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Their expression patterns showed that the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathways could be co-induced by Trp under S. scabies uninoculation. However, the SAR pathway was induced by Trp under S. scabies inoculation. This study will provide insights into Trp-induced resistance mechanisms of potato for controlling CS, and extend the application methods of Trp as a plant resistance inducer in a way that is cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (L.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The Enterprise Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Potato Fertilizer and Pesticide, Hulunbuir 021000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (L.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (L.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (L.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonglong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (L.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Naiqin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (L.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The Enterprise Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Potato Fertilizer and Pesticide, Hulunbuir 021000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (N.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|