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Adamowski M, Matijević I, Friml J. Developmental patterning function of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery. eLife 2024; 13:e68993. [PMID: 38381485 PMCID: PMC10881123 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The GNOM (GN) Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor for ARF small GTPases (ARF-GEF) is among the best studied trafficking regulators in plants, playing crucial and unique developmental roles in patterning and polarity. The current models place GN at the Golgi apparatus (GA), where it mediates secretion/recycling, and at the plasma membrane (PM) presumably contributing to clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The mechanistic basis of the developmental function of GN, distinct from the other ARF-GEFs including its closest homologue GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1), remains elusive. Insights from this study largely extend the current notions of GN function. We show that GN, but not GNL1, localizes to the cell periphery at long-lived structures distinct from clathrin-coated pits, while CME and secretion proceed normally in gn knockouts. The functional GN mutant variant GNfewerroots, absent from the GA, suggests that the cell periphery is the major site of GN action responsible for its developmental function. Following inhibition by Brefeldin A, GN, but not GNL1, relocates to the PM likely on exocytic vesicles, suggesting selective molecular associations en route to the cell periphery. A study of GN-GNL1 chimeric ARF-GEFs indicates that all GN domains contribute to the specific GN function in a partially redundant manner. Together, this study offers significant steps toward the elucidation of the mechanism underlying unique cellular and development functions of GNOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciek Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research InstituteBłoniePoland
| | - Ivana Matijević
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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2
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Zeng Y, Liang Z, Liu Z, Li B, Cui Y, Gao C, Shen J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhuang X, Erdmann PS, Wong KB, Jiang L. Recent advances in plant endomembrane research and new microscopical techniques. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:41-60. [PMID: 37507353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of various membrane-bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and the lysosome/vacuole. Membrane trafficking between distinct compartments is mainly achieved by vesicular transport. As the endomembrane compartments and the machineries regulating the membrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, our current knowledge on organelle biogenesis and endomembrane trafficking in plants has mainly been shaped by corresponding studies in mammals and yeast. However, unique perspectives have emerged from plant cell biology research through the characterization of plant-specific regulators as well as the development and application of the state-of-the-art microscopical techniques. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the plant endomembrane system, with a focus on several distinct pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, protein sorting at the TGN, endosomal sorting on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar trafficking/vacuole biogenesis, and the autophagy pathway. We also give an update on advanced imaging techniques for the plant cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, Milan, I-20157, Italy
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Sharma P, Lakra N, Goyal A, Ahlawat YK, Zaid A, Siddique KHM. Drought and heat stress mediated activation of lipid signaling in plants: a critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216835. [PMID: 37636093 PMCID: PMC10450635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a principal component of plasma membrane, acting as a protective barrier between the cell and its surroundings. Abiotic stresses such as drought and temperature induce various lipid-dependent signaling responses, and the membrane lipids respond differently to environmental challenges. Recent studies have revealed that lipids serve as signal mediators forreducing stress responses in plant cells and activating defense systems. Signaling lipids, such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, and N-acylethanolamines, are generated in response to stress. Membrane lipids are essential for maintaining the lamellar stack of chloroplasts and stabilizing chloroplast membranes under stress. However, the effects of lipid signaling targets in plants are not fully understood. This review focuses on the synthesis of various signaling lipids and their roles in abiotic stress tolerance responses, providing an essential perspective for further investigation into the interactions between plant lipids and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sharma
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Alisha Goyal
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Yogesh K. Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial (GGM) Science College, Cluster University Jammu, Jammu, India
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4
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Yan H, Sun M, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Zhang A, Lin C, Wu B, He M, Xu B, Wang J, Qin P, Mendieta JP, Nie G, Wang J, Jones CS, Feng G, Srivastava RK, Zhang X, Bombarely A, Luo D, Jin L, Peng Y, Wang X, Ji Y, Tian S, Huang L. Pangenomic analysis identifies structural variation associated with heat tolerance in pearl millet. Nat Genet 2023; 55:507-518. [PMID: 36864101 PMCID: PMC10011142 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important cereal crop worldwide and shows superior heat tolerance. Here, we developed a graph-based pan-genome by assembling ten chromosomal genomes with one existing assembly adapted to different climates worldwide and captured 424,085 genomic structural variations (SVs). Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed the expansion of the RWP-RK transcription factor family and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related genes in heat tolerance. The overexpression of one RWP-RK gene led to enhanced plant heat tolerance and transactivated ER-related genes quickly, supporting the important roles of RWP-RK transcription factors and ER system in heat tolerance. Furthermore, we found that some SVs affected the gene expression associated with heat tolerance and SVs surrounding ER-related genes shaped adaptation to heat tolerance during domestication in the population. Our study provides a comprehensive genomic resource revealing insights into heat tolerance and laying a foundation for generating more robust crops under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Min Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yarong Jin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingchao Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Source and Environmental Conservation, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chris S Jones
- Feed and Forage Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, UPV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
- Department of Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Sun F, Ma J, Shi W, Yang Y. Genome-wide association analysis revealed genetic variation and candidate genes associated with the yield traits of upland cotton under drought conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135302. [PMID: 37123844 PMCID: PMC10130383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses seriously affecting cotton yield. At present, the main cotton-producing areas in China are primarily arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers and genes associated with cotton yield traits under drought conditions is of great importance for stabilize cotton yield under such conditions. In this study, resequencing data were used to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 8 traits of 150 cotton germplasms. Under drought stress, 18 SNPs were significantly correlated with yield traits (single-boll weight (SBW) and seed (SC)), and 8 SNPs were identified as significantly correlated with effective fruit shoot number (EFBN) traits (a trait that is positively correlated with yield). Finally, a total of 15 candidate genes were screened. The combined results of the GWAS and transcriptome data analysis showed that four genes were highly expressed after drought stress, and these genes had significantly increased expression at 10, 15 and 25 DPA of fiber development. qRT-PCR was performed on two samples with drought tolerance extremes (drought-resistant Xinluzao 45 and drought-sensitive Xinluzao 26), revealing that three of the genes had the same differential expression pattern. This study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic analysis of cotton yield traits under drought stress, and provides gene resources for improved breeding of cotton yield traits under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Weijun Shi
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlong Yang,
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6
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Rui Q, Tan X, Liu F, Bao Y. An Update on the Key Factors Required for Plant Golgi Structure Maintenance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933283. [PMID: 35837464 PMCID: PMC9274083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant Golgi apparatus serves as the central station of the secretory pathway and is the site where protein modification and cell wall matrix polysaccharides synthesis occur. The polarized and stacked cisternal structure is a prerequisite for Golgi function. Our understanding of Golgi structure maintenance and trafficking are largely obtained from mammals and yeast, yet, plant Golgi has many different aspects. In this review, we summarize the key players in Golgi maintenance demonstrated by genetic studies in plants, which function in ER-Golgi, intra-Golgi and post-Golgi transport pathways. Among these, we emphasize on players in intra-Golgi trafficking.
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7
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Li M, Zhao R, Du Y, Shen X, Ning Q, Li Y, Liu D, Xiong Q, Zhang Z. The Coordinated KNR6-AGAP-ARF1 Complex Modulates Vegetative and Reproductive Traits by Participating in Vesicle Trafficking in Maize. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102601. [PMID: 34685581 PMCID: PMC8533723 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The KERNEL NUMBER PER ROW6 (KNR6)-mediated phosphorylation of an adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPase-activating protein (AGAP) forms a key regulatory module for the numbers of spikelets and kernels in the ear inflorescences of maize (Zea mays L.). However, the action mechanism of the KNR6–AGAP module remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized the AGAP-recruited complex and its roles in maize cellular physiology and agronomically important traits. AGAP and its two interacting Arf GTPase1 (ARF1) members preferentially localized to the Golgi apparatus. The loss-of-function AGAP mutant produced by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in defective Golgi apparatus with thin and compact cisternae, together with delayed internalization and repressed vesicle agglomeration, leading to defective inflorescences and roots, and dwarfed plants with small leaves. The weak agap mutant was phenotypically similar to knr6, showing short ears with fewer kernels. AGAP interacted with KNR6, and a double mutant produced shorter inflorescence meristems and mature ears than the single agap and knr6 mutants. We hypothesized that the coordinated KNR6–AGAP–ARF1 complex modulates vegetative and reproductive traits by participating in vesicle trafficking in maize. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic insight into the regulation of inflorescence development, and ear length and kernel number, in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Ran Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qiang Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yunfu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Dan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qing Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.S.); (Q.N.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (Q.X.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Cao H, Gong R, Yuan S, Su Y, Lv W, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Deng X, Tong P, Liang S, Wang X, Hong Y. Phospholipase Dα6 and phosphatidic acid regulate gibberellin signaling in rice. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51871. [PMID: 34396669 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane lipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid mediator involved in various cellular and physiological processes. Here, we show that PLDα6 and PA regulate the distribution of GIBBERELLIN (GA)-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1), a soluble gibberellin receptor in rice. PLDα6-knockout (KO) plants display less sensitivity to GA than WT, and PA restores the mutant to a normal GA response. PA binds to GID1, as documented by liposome binding, fat immunoblotting, and surface plasmon resonance. Arginines 79 and 82 of GID1 are two key amino acid residues required for PA binding and also for GID1's nuclear localization. The loss of PLDα6 impedes GA-induced nuclear localization of GID1. In addition, PLDα6-KO plants attenuated GA-induced degradation of the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1). These data suggest that PLDα6 and PA positively mediate GA signaling in rice via PA binding to GID1 and promotion of its nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Gong
- The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weixin Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjun Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihu Liang
- The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Xing J, Zhang L, Duan Z, Lin J. Coordination of Phospholipid-Based Signaling and Membrane Trafficking in Plant Immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:407-420. [PMID: 33309101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, defense-associated signal transduction involves key membrane-related processes, such as phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking. Coordination of these processes occurs in the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane (PM) and luminal/extracellular membranes. Deciphering the spatiotemporal organization of phospholipids and lipid-protein interactions provides crucial information on the mechanisms that link phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking in plant immunity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of these connections, including deployment of key enzymes and molecules in phospholipid pathways, and roles of lipid diversity in membrane trafficking. We highlight the mechanisms that mediate feedback between phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking to regulate plant immunity, including their novel roles in balancing endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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10
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Phosphatidic acid: an emerging versatile class of cellular mediators. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:533-546. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lipids function not only as the major structural components of cell membranes, but also as molecular messengers that transduce signals to trigger downstream signaling events in the cell. Phosphatidic acid (PA), the simplest and a minor class of glycerophospholipids, is a key intermediate for the synthesis of membrane and storage lipids, and also plays important roles in mediating diverse cellular and physiological processes in eukaryotes ranging from microbes to mammals and higher plants. PA comprises different molecular species that can act differently, and is found in virtually all organisms, tissues, and organellar membranes, with variations in total content and molecular species composition. The cellular levels of PA are highly dynamic in response to stimuli and multiple enzymatic reactions can mediate its production and degradation. Moreover, its unique physicochemical properties compared with other glycerophospholipids allow PA to influence membrane structure and dynamics, and interact with various proteins. PA has emerged as a class of new lipid mediators modulating various signaling and cellular processes via its versatile effects, such as membrane tethering, conformational changes, and enzymatic activities of target proteins, and vesicular trafficking.
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11
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Prabhakaran Mariyamma N, Clarke KJ, Yu H, Wilton EE, Van Dyk J, Hou H, Schultz EA. Members of the Arabidopsis FORKED1-LIKE gene family act to localize PIN1 in developing veins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4773-4790. [PMID: 29982821 PMCID: PMC6137986 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reticulate leaf vein pattern typical of angiosperms is proposed to have been a driving force for their evolutionary success. Vein pattern is established through auxin canalization via the auxin efflux protein PINFORMED1 (PIN1). During formation of vein loops, PIN1 cellular localization is increasingly restricted to either the basal side of cells in the lower domain or to the apical side in the upper domain. We previously identified the gene FORKED1 (FKD1) to be required for PIN1 asymmetric localization and for the formation of closed vein loops. FKD1 encodes a plant-specific protein with a domain of unknown function (DUF828) and a Pleckstrin-like homology domain. The Arabidopsis genome encodes eight similar proteins, which we term the FORKED1-LIKE (FL) gene family. Five FL family members localize primarily to the trans-Golgi network or the Golgi, and several co-localize with FKD1-green flourescent protein (GFP) and RABA1c, suggesting action in the secretory pathway. While single FL gene family mutations do not result in vein pattern defects, triple mutants with mutations in FKD1, FL2, and FL3 result in a more symmetric PIN1 localization and a highly disconnected vein pattern. Our data suggest that FL genes act redundantly with FKD1 in the secretory pathway to establish appropriate PIN1 localization in provascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurtis J Clarke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Houlin Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Emily E Wilton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jordan Van Dyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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12
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Yao HY, Xue HW. Phosphatidic acid plays key roles regulating plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:851-863. [PMID: 29660254 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Martinec J, Ruelland E. The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:43-53. [PMID: 29842906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France.
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14
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Lei C, Fan S, Li K, Meng Y, Mao J, Han M, Zhao C, Bao L, Zhang D. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Regulation Networks of IBA-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030667. [PMID: 29495482 PMCID: PMC5877528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation, which is controlled by endogenous and environmental factors, is indispensable for vegetative asexual propagation. However, comprehensive proteomic data on AR formation are still lacking. The aim of this work was to study indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-induced AR formation in the dwarf apple rootstock 'T337'. In this study, the effect of IBA on AR formation was analysed. Subsequent to treatment with IBA, both the rooting rate and root length of 'T337' increased significantly. An assessment of hormone levels in basal stem cuttings suggested that auxin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide were higher in basal stem cuttings that received the exogenous IBA application; while zeatin riboside, gibberellins, and jasmonic acid were lower than non-treated basal stem cuttings. To explore the underlying molecular mechanism, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic technique was employed to identify the expression profiles of proteins at a key period of adventitious root induction (three days after IBA treatment). In total, 3355 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Many DEPs were closely related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, protein homeostasis, reactive oxygen and nitric oxide signaling, and cell wall remodeling biological processes; as well as the phytohormone signaling, which was the most critical process in response to IBA treatment. Further, RT-qPCR analysis was used to evaluate the expression level of nine genes that are involved in phytohormone signaling and their transcriptional levels were mostly in accordance with the protein patterns. Finally, a putative work model was proposed. Our study establishes a foundation for further research and sheds light on IBA-mediated AR formation in apple as well as other fruit rootstock cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Sheng Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuan Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiangping Mao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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15
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Wang X, Chung KP, Lin W, Jiang L. Protein secretion in plants: conventional and unconventional pathways and new techniques. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:21-37. [PMID: 28992209 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein secretion is an essential process in all eukaryotic cells and its mechanisms have been extensively studied. Proteins with an N-terminal leading sequence or transmembrane domain are delivered through the conventional protein secretion (CPS) pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. This feature is conserved in yeast, animals, and plants. In contrast, the transport of leaderless secretory proteins (LSPs) from the cytosol to the cell exterior is accomplished via the unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. So far, the CPS pathway has been well characterized in plants, with several recent studies providing new information about the regulatory mechanisms involved. On the other hand, studies on UPS pathways in plants remain descriptive, although a connection between UPS and the plant defense response is becoming more and more apparent. In this review, we present an update on CPS and UPS. With the emergence of new techniques, a more comprehensive understanding of protein secretion in plants can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Kin Pan Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Weili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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16
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Singh MK, Jürgens G. Specificity of plant membrane trafficking - ARFs, regulators and coat proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:85-93. [PMID: 29024759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of all eukaryotic proteins are delivered to their destination by trafficking within the endomembrane system. Such cargo proteins are incorporated into forming membrane vesicles on donor compartments and delivered to acceptor compartments by vesicle fusion. How cargo proteins are sorted into forming vesicles is still largely unknown. Here we review the roles of small GTPases of the ARF/SAR1 family, their regulators designated ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs) and ARF GTPase-activating proteins (ARF-GAPs) as well as coat protein complexes during membrane vesicle formation. Although conserved across eukaryotes, these four functional groups of proteins display plant-specific modifications in composition, structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Singh
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Tan JJD, Ma Z, Xie Y, Yang L, Miao Y. Quantitative analysis of actin filament assembly in yeast and plant by live cell fluorescence microscopy. Micron 2017; 103:78-83. [PMID: 28992458 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells depend on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton to regulate many conserved intracellular events such as endocytosis, morphogenesis, polarized cell growth, and cytokinesis (Engqvist-Goldstein and Drubin, 2003; Salbreux et al., 2012; Pruyne et al., 2004; Pollard, 2010). These activities depend on a precise and well-organized spatiotemporal actin assembly that involves many conserved processes found in eukaryotic cells ranging from a unicellular organism, such as yeast, to multicellular organisms, such as plants and human. In particular, both budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been proven to be the powerful and great model organisms to study the molecular mechanisms of the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and the actin-driven processes in walled-cells. Here we describe the methods in imaging and image processing to analyze dynamic actin filament assembly in budding yeast and Arabidopsis using a wide-field fluorescent microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jun Dao Tan
- Ageing Research Institute for Society and Education, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore.
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18
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Yoo CM, Naramoto S, Sparks JA, Khan BR, Nakashima J, Fukuda H, Blancaflor EB. Deletion analysis of AGD1 reveals domains crucial for its plasma membrane recruitment and function in root hair polarity. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AGD1, a plant ACAP-type ADP-ribosylation factor-GTPase activating protein (ARF-GAP), functions in specifying root hair polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana. To better understand how AGD1 modulates root hair growth, we generated full length and domain-deleted AGD1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) constructs, and followed their localization during root hair development. AGD1-GFP localized to the cytoplasm and was recruited to specific regions of the root hair plasma membrane (PM). Distinct PM AGD1-GFP signal was first detected along the site of root hair bulge formation. The construct continued to mark the PM at the root hair apical dome but only during periods of reduced growth. During rapid tip-growth, AGD1-GFP labeled the PM of the lateral flanks and dissipated from the apical-most PM. Deletion analysis and a single domain GFP fusion revealed that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is the minimal unit required for recruitment of AGD1 to the PM. Our results indicate that differential recruitment of AGD1 to specific PM domains is an essential component of the membrane trafficking machinery that facilitates root hair developmental phase transitions and responses to changes in the root microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Yoo
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Present address: Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aobaku, Japan
| | - J. Alan Sparks
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Bibi Rafeiza Khan
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Jin Nakashima
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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19
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Wei F, Fanella B, Guo L, Wang X. Membrane glycerolipidome of soybean root hairs and its response to nitrogen and phosphate availability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36172. [PMID: 27812010 PMCID: PMC5095881 DOI: 10.1038/srep36172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular extensions of specific root epidermal cells important in plant nutrition and water absorption. To determine membrane glycerolipids in root hairs and roots may differ, as well as their respective response to nutrient availability, this study analyzed the membrane glycerolipid species in soybean root hairs and in roots stripped of root hairs, and their response to nitrogen (N) and phosphate (Pi) supplementation. The ratio of phospholipids to galactolipids was 1.5 fold higher in root hairs than in stripped roots. Under Pi deficiency, the ratio of phospholipids to galactolipids in stripped roots decreased with the greatest decrease found in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in root hairs and stripped roots, and root hairs had an increased level of phosphatidic acid (PA). When seedlings were not supplied with N, the level of the N-containing lipids PE and phosphatidylserine in root hairs decreased whereas the level of non-N-containing lipids galactolipids and PA increased compared to N-supplied conditions. In stripped roots, the level of major membrane lipids was not different between N-sufficient and -deficient conditions. The results indicate that the membrane glycerolipidomes in root hairs are more responsive to nutrient availability than are the rest of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Brian Fanella
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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20
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Dümmer M, Michalski C, Essen LO, Rath M, Galland P, Forreiter C. EHB1 and AGD12, two calcium-dependent proteins affect gravitropism antagonistically in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 206:114-124. [PMID: 27728837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR GTPase-ACTIVATING PROTEIN (AGD) 12, a member of the ARF-GAP protein family, affects gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. A loss-of-function mutant lacking AGD12 displayed diminished gravitropism in roots and hypocotyls indicating that both organs are affected by this regulator. AGD12 is structurally related to ENHANCED BENDING (EHB) 1, previously described as a negative effector of gravitropism. In contrast to agd12 mutants, ehb1 loss-of function seedlings displayed enhanced gravitropic bending. While EHB1 and AGD12 both possess a C-terminal C2/CaLB-domain, EHB1 lacks the N-terminal ARF-GAP domain present in AGD12. Subcellular localization analysis using Brefeldin A indicated that both proteins are elements of the trans Golgi network. Physiological analyses provided evidence that gravitropic signaling might operate via an antagonistic interaction of ARF-GAP (AGD12) and EHB1 in their Ca2+-activated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Dümmer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Michalski
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Magnus Rath
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Paul Galland
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Forreiter
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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21
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Kim MY, Kim BY, Oh SM, Reljic R, Jang YS, Yang MS. Oral immunisation of mice with transgenic rice calli expressing cholera toxin B subunit fused to consensus dengue cEDIII antigen induces antibodies to all four dengue serotypes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:347-56. [PMID: 27566485 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is an emerging global health threat. DENV consists of four distinct serotypes, necessitating a tetravalent vaccine. In this study, expression of consensus envelope protein domain III (cEDIII) fused to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in transgenic rice calli was improved using the luminal binding protein BiP at the N-terminus and the SEKDEL signal sequences at the C-terminus, targeting the recombinant protein to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that the fusion protein showed higher levels of expression when compared to the fusion proteins using rice amylase 3D (RAmy3D) or CTB native signal sequence only. The CTB-cEDIII fusion protein was evaluated as an oral dengue vaccine candidate in mice. Serotype specific systemic IgG antibodies and specific IgA response in feces were detected and furthermore, T cell proliferation and high frequency antibody-secreting B cells were detected in the spleen. These results suggest the possible use of plant-based dengue tetravalent vaccine targeted to the mucosal immune system for induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Byeong-Young Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Oh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
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22
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Ji H, Kim SR, Kim YH, Suh JP, Park HM, Sreenivasulu N, Misra G, Kim SM, Hechanova SL, Kim H, Lee GS, Yoon UH, Kim TH, Lim H, Suh SC, Yang J, An G, Jena KK. Map-based Cloning and Characterization of the BPH18 Gene from Wild Rice Conferring Resistance to Brown Planthopper (BPH) Insect Pest. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34376. [PMID: 27682162 PMCID: PMC5041133 DOI: 10.1038/srep34376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) is a phloem sap-sucking insect pest of rice which causes severe yield loss. We cloned the BPH18 gene from the BPH-resistant introgression line derived from the wild rice species Oryza australiensis. Map-based cloning and complementation test revealed that the BPH18 encodes CC-NBS-NBS-LRR protein. BPH18 has two NBS domains, unlike the typical NBS-LRR proteins. The BPH18 promoter::GUS transgenic plants exhibited strong GUS expression in the vascular bundles of the leaf sheath, especially in phloem cells where the BPH attacks. The BPH18 proteins were widely localized to the endo-membranes in a cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network, and prevacuolar compartments, suggesting that BPH18 may recognize the BPH invasion at endo-membranes in phloem cells. Whole genome sequencing of the near-isogenic lines (NILs), NIL-BPH18 and NIL-BPH26, revealed that BPH18 located at the same locus of BPH26. However, these two genes have remarkable sequence differences and the independent NILs showed differential BPH resistance with different expression patterns of plant defense-related genes, indicating that BPH18 and BPH26 are functionally different alleles. These findings would facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanism of BPH resistance and the identified novel alleles to fast track breeding BPH resistant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonso Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Ryul Kim
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Yul-Ho Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Pil Suh
- National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Gopal Misra
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Suk-Man Kim
- IRRI-Korea Office, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sherry Lou Hechanova
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hakbum Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ung-Han Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyemin Lim
- Division of Tree Breeding, National Institute of Forest Science Institute, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jungil Yang
- Division of Tree Breeding, National Institute of Forest Science Institute, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Division of Tree Breeding, National Institute of Forest Science Institute, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kshirod K Jena
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
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23
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Hou Q, Ufer G, Bartels D. Lipid signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1029-48. [PMID: 26510494 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear that membrane lipids also serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signalling lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, N-acylethanolamines, free fatty acids and others. The enzymatic production and metabolism of these signalling molecules are tightly regulated and can rapidly be activated upon abiotic stress signals. Abiotic stress like water deficit and temperature stress triggers lipid-dependent signalling cascades, which control the expression of gene clusters and activate plant adaptation processes. Signalling lipids are able to recruit protein targets transiently to the membrane and thus affect conformation and activity of intracellular proteins and metabolites. In plants, knowledge is still scarce of lipid signalling targets and their physiological consequences. This review focuses on the generation of signalling lipids and their involvement in response to abiotic stress. We describe lipid-binding proteins in the context of changing environmental conditions and compare different approaches to determine lipid-protein interactions, crucial for deciphering the signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancan Hou
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Guido Ufer
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
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Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Marais C, Wattelet-Boyer V, Bouyssou G, Hocquellet A, Dupuy JW, Batailler B, Brocard L, Boutté Y, Maneta-Peyret L, Moreau P. The Qb-SNARE Memb11 interacts specifically with Arf1 in the Golgi apparatus of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6665-6678. [PMID: 26208648 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins are critical for the function of the secretory pathway. The SNARE Memb11 is involved in membrane trafficking at the ER-Golgi interface. The aim of the work was to decipher molecular mechanisms acting in Memb11-mediated ER-Golgi traffic. In mammalian cells, the orthologue of Memb11 (membrin) is potentially involved in the recruitment of the GTPase Arf1 at the Golgi membrane. However molecular mechanisms associated to Memb11 remain unknown in plants. Memb11 was detected mainly at the cis-Golgi and co-immunoprecipitated with Arf1, suggesting that Arf1 may interact with Memb11. This interaction of Memb11 with Arf1 at the Golgi was confirmed by in vivo BiFC (Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation) experiments. This interaction was found to be specific to Memb11 as compared to either Memb12 or Sec22. Using a structural bioinformatic approach, several sequences in the N-ter part of Memb11 were hypothesized to be critical for this interaction and were tested by BiFC on corresponding mutants. Finally, by using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we determined that only the GDP-bound form of Arf1 interacts with Memb11. Together, our results indicate that Memb11 interacts with the GDP-bound form of Arf1 in the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claireline Marais
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Valérie Wattelet-Boyer
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Bouyssou
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Agnès Hocquellet
- University of Bordeaux- INP Bordeaux, BPRVS, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Proteome platform, Functional Genomic Center of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Batailler
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Kim EH, Lee Y, Kim HU. Fibrillin 5 Is Essential for Plastoquinone-9 Biosynthesis by Binding to Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthases in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2956-71. [PMID: 26432861 PMCID: PMC4682332 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins are lipid-associated proteins in plastids and are ubiquitous in plants. They accumulate in chromoplasts and sequester carotenoids during the development of flowers and fruits. However, little is known about the functions of fibrillins in leaf tissues. Here, we identified fibrillin 5 (FBN5), which is essential for plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Homozygous fbn5-1 mutations were seedling-lethal, and XVE:FBN5-B transgenic plants expressing low levels of FBN5-B had a slower growth rate and were smaller than wild-type plants. In chloroplasts, FBN5-B specifically interacted with solanesyl diphosphate synthases (SPSs) 1 and 2, which biosynthesize the solanesyl moiety of PQ-9. Plants containing defective FBN5-B accumulated less PQ-9 and its cyclized product, plastochromanol-8, but the levels of tocopherols were not affected. The reduced PQ-9 content of XVE:FBN5-B transgenic plants was consistent with their lower photosynthetic performance and higher levels of hydrogen peroxide under cold stress. These results indicate that FBN5-B is required for PQ-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with SPS. Our study adds FBN5 as a structural component involved in the biosynthesis of PQ-9. FBN5 binding to the hydrophobic solanesyl moiety, which is generated by SPS1 and SPS2, in FBN5-B/SPS homodimeric complexes stimulates the enzyme activity of SPS1 and SPS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjik Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
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Zhao J. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant defence response: from protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions to hormone signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1721-36. [PMID: 25680793 PMCID: PMC4669553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) and PLD-derived phosphatidic acids (PAs) play vital roles in plant hormonal and environmental responses and various cellular dynamics. Recent studies have further expanded the functions of PLDs and PAs into plant-microbe interaction. The molecular diversities and redundant functions make PLD-PA an important signalling complex regulating lipid metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling in plant defence through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions or hormone signalling. Different PLD-PA signalling complexes and their targets have emerged as fast-growing research topics for understanding their numerous but not yet established roles in modifying pathogen perception, signal transduction, and downstream defence responses. Meanwhile, advanced lipidomics tools have allowed researchers to reveal further the mechanisms of PLD-PA signalling complexes in regulating lipid metabolism and signalling, and their impacts on jasmonic acid/oxylipins, salicylic acid, and other hormone signalling pathways that essentially mediate plant defence responses. This review attempts to summarize the progress made in spatial and temporal PLD/PA signalling as well as PLD/PA-mediated modification of plant defence. It presents an in-depth discussion on the functions and potential mechanisms of PLD-PA complexes in regulating actin filament/microtubule cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling, and in influencing lipid metabolism-derived metabolites as critical signalling components in plant defence responses. The discussion puts PLD-PA in a broader context in order to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Dynamics. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8694. [PMID: 25732993 PMCID: PMC4346799 DOI: 10.1038/srep08694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has emerged as a convincing susceptibility gene for multiple mental disorders, but its mechanistic link to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia related psychiatric conditions is yet to be further understood. Here, we showed that DISC1 localizes to the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). EXOC1, a subunit of the exocyst complex, interacted with DISC1 and affected its recruitment to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1). Notably, knockdown of DISC1 and EXOC1 elicited an exaggerated ER calcium response upon stimulation of IP3R agonists. Similar abnormal ER calcium responses were observed in hippocampal neurons from DISC1-deficient mutant mice. Moreover, perturbation of ER calcium dynamics upon DISC1 knockdown was effectively reversed by treatment with antipsychotic drugs, such as clozapine and haloperidol. These results collectively indicate that DISC1 is a regulatory factor in ER calcium dynamics, linking a perturbed intracellular calcium signaling and schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Peng B, Kong H, Li Y, Wang L, Zhong M, Sun L, Gao G, Zhang Q, Luo L, Wang G, Xie W, Chen J, Yao W, Peng Y, Lei L, Lian X, Xiao J, Xu C, Li X, He Y. OsAAP6 functions as an important regulator of grain protein content and nutritional quality in rice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4847. [PMID: 25209128 PMCID: PMC4175581 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grains from cereals contribute an important source of protein to human food, and grain protein content (GPC) is an important determinant of nutritional quality in cereals. Here we show that the quantitative trait locus (QTL) qPC1 in rice controls GPC by regulating the synthesis and accumulation of glutelins, prolamins, globulins, albumins and starch. qPC1 encodes a putative amino acid transporter OsAAP6, which functions as a positive regulator of GPC in rice, such that higher expression of OsAAP6 is correlated with higher GPC. OsAAP6 greatly enhances root absorption of a range of amino acids and has effects on the distribution of various amino acids. Two common variations in the potential cis-regulatory elements of the OsAAP6 5'-untranslated region seem to be associated with GPC diversity mainly in indica cultivars. Our results represent the first step toward unravelling the mechanism of regulation underlying natural variation of GPC in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huili Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yibo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Gongwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junxiao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wen Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingmin Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caiguo Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang X, Su Y, Liu Y, Kim SC, Fanella B. Phosphatidic Acid as Lipid Messenger and Growth Regulators in Plants. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-42011-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yorimitsu T, Sato K, Takeuchi M. Molecular mechanisms of Sar/Arf GTPases in vesicular trafficking in yeast and plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:411. [PMID: 25191334 PMCID: PMC4140167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPase proteins play essential roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking systems in eukaryotic cells. Two types of small GTPases, secretion-associated Ras-related protein (Sar) and ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf), act in the biogenesis of transport vesicles. Sar/Arf GTPases function as molecular switches by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound forms, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, respectively. Activated Sar/Arf GTPases undergo a conformational change, exposing the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix for insertion into membranes. The process triggers the recruitment and assembly of coat proteins to the membranes, followed by coated vesicle formation and scission. In higher plants, Sar/Arf GTPases also play pivotal roles in maintaining the dynamic identity of organelles in the secretory pathway. Sar1 protein strictly controls anterograde transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the recruitment of plant COPII coat components onto membranes. COPII vesicle transport is responsible for the organization of highly conserved polygonal ER networks. In contrast, Arf proteins contribute to the regulation of multiple trafficking routes, including transport through the Golgi complex and endocytic transport. These transport systems have diversified in the plant kingdom independently and exhibit several plant-specific features with respect to Golgi organization, endocytic cycling, cell polarity and cytokinesis. The functional diversification of vesicular trafficking systems ensures the multicellular development of higher plants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of Sar/Arf GTPases, highlighting the molecular details of GTPase regulation in vesicle formation in yeast and advances in knowledge of the characteristics of vesicle trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Takeuchi, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan e-mail:
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McLoughlin F, Testerink C. Phosphatidic acid, a versatile water-stress signal in roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:525. [PMID: 24391659 PMCID: PMC3870300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adequate water supply is of utmost importance for growth and reproduction of plants. In order to cope with water deprivation, plants have to adapt their development and metabolism to ensure survival. To maximize water use efficiency, plants use a large array of signaling mediators such as hormones, protein kinases, and phosphatases, Ca(2) (+), reactive oxygen species, and low abundant phospholipids that together form complex signaling cascades. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a signaling lipid that rapidly accumulates in response to a wide array of abiotic stress stimuli. PA formation provides the cell with spatial and transient information about the external environment by acting as a protein-docking site in cellular membranes. PA reportedly binds to a number of proteins that play a role during water limiting conditions, such as drought and salinity and has been shown to play an important role in maintaining root system architecture. Members of two osmotic stress-activated protein kinase families, sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 and mitogen activated protein kinases were recently shown bind PA and are also involved in the maintenance of root system architecture and salinity stress tolerance. In addition, PA regulates several proteins involved in abscisic acid-signaling. PA-dependent recruitment of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase under water limiting conditions indicates a role in regulating metabolic processes. Finally, a recent study also shows the PA recruits the clathrin heavy chain and a potassium channel subunit, hinting toward additional roles in cellular trafficking and potassium homeostasis. Taken together, the rapidly increasing number of proteins reported to interact with PA implies a broad role for this versatile signaling phospholipid in mediating salt and water stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christa Testerink
- *Correspondence: Christa Testerink, Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94215, 1090GE Amsterdam, Netherlands e-mail:
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Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is recognized as an important class of lipid messengers. The cellular PA levels are dynamic; PA is produced and metabolized by several enzymatic reactions, including different phospholipases, lipid kinases, and phosphatases. PA interacts with various proteins and the interactions may modulate enzyme catalytic activities and/or tether proteins to membranes. The PA-protein interactions are impacted by changes in cellular pH and other effectors, such as cations. PA is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, secretion, cell proliferation, and survival. Manipulations of different PA production reactions alter cellular and organismal response to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Further investigations of PA's function and mechanisms of action will advance not only the understanding of cell signaling networks but also may lead to biotechnological and pharmacological applications.
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Christ B, Süssenbacher I, Moser S, Bichsel N, Egert A, Müller T, Kräutler B, Hörtensteiner S. Cytochrome P450 CYP89A9 is involved in the formation of major chlorophyll catabolites during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1868-80. [PMID: 23723324 PMCID: PMC3694711 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs) were described as products of chlorophyll breakdown in Arabidopsis thaliana. NCCs are formyloxobilin-type catabolites derived from chlorophyll by oxygenolytic opening of the chlorin macrocycle. These linear tetrapyrroles are generated from their fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite (FCC) precursors by a nonenzymatic isomerization inside the vacuole of senescing cells. Here, we identified a group of distinct dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolites (DCCs) as the major breakdown products in wild-type Arabidopsis, representing more than 90% of the chlorophyll of green leaves. The molecular constitution of the most abundant nonfluorescent DCC (NDCC), At-NDCC-1, was determined. We further identified cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP89A9 as being responsible for NDCC accumulation in wild-type Arabidopsis; cyp89a9 mutants that are deficient in CYP89A9 function were devoid of NDCCs but accumulated proportionally higher amounts of NCCs. CYP89A9 localized outside the chloroplasts, implying that FCCs occurring in the cytosol might be its natural substrate. Using recombinant CYP89A9, we confirm FCC specificity and show that fluorescent DCCs are the products of the CYP89A9 reaction. Fluorescent DCCs, formed by this enzyme, isomerize to the respective NDCCs in weakly acidic medium, as found in vacuoles. We conclude that CYP89A9 is involved in the formation of dioxobilin-type catabolites of chlorophyll in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Christ
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lee JY, Sarowar S, Kim HS, Kim H, Hwang I, Kim YJ, Pai HS. Silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana Neuroblastoma-Amplified Gene causes ER stress and cell death. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:69. [PMID: 23621803 PMCID: PMC3654999 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma Amplified Gene (NAG) was identified as a gene co-amplified with the N-myc gene, whose genomic amplification correlates with poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. Later it was found that NAG is localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is a component of the syntaxin 18 complex that is involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport in human cells. Homologous sequences of NAG are found in plant databases, but its function in plant cells remains unknown. RESULTS Nicotiana benthamania Neuroblastoma-Amplified Gene (NbNAG) encodes a protein of 2,409 amino acids that contains the secretory pathway Sec39 domain and is mainly localized in the ER. Silencing of NbNAG by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in growth arrest and acute plant death with morphological markers of programmed cell death (PCD), which include chromatin fragmentation and modification of mitochondrial membrane potential. NbNAG deficiency caused induction of ER stress genes, disruption of the ER network, and relocation of bZIP28 transcription factor from the ER membrane to the nucleus, similar to the phenotypes of tunicamycin-induced ER stress in a plant cell. NbNAG silencing caused defects in intracellular transport of diverse cargo proteins, suggesting that a blocked secretion pathway by NbNAG deficiency causes ER stress and programmed cell death. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAG, a conserved protein from yeast to mammals, plays an essential role in plant growth and development by modulating protein transport pathway, ER stress response and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sujon Sarowar
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Identification of novel candidate phosphatidic acid-binding proteins involved in the salt-stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Biochem J 2013; 450:573-81. [PMID: 23323832 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PA (phosphatidic acid) is a lipid second messenger involved in an array of processes occurring during a plant's life cycle. These include development, metabolism, and both biotic and abiotic stress responses. PA levels increase in response to salt, but little is known about its function in the earliest responses to salt stress. In the present study we have combined an approach to isolate peripheral membrane proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with lipid-affinity purification, to identify putative proteins that interact with PA and are recruited to the membrane in response to salt stress. Of the 42 putative PA-binding proteins identified by MS, a set of eight new candidate PA-binding proteins accumulated at the membrane fraction after 7 min of salt stress. Among these were CHC (clathrin heavy chain) isoforms, ANTH (AP180 N-terminal homology) domain clathrin-assembly proteins, a putative regulator of potassium transport, two ribosomal proteins, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and a PI (phosphatidylinositol) 4-kinase. PA binding and salt-induced membrane recruitment of GAPDH and CHC were confirmed by Western blot analysis of the cellular fractions. In conclusion, the approach of the present study is an effective way to isolate biologically relevant lipid-binding proteins and provides new leads in the study of PA-mediated salt-stress responses in roots.
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Wang J, Shen J, Cai Y, Robinson DG, Jiang L. Successful transport to the vacuole of heterologously expressed mung bean 8S globulin occurs in seed but not in vegetative tissues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1587-601. [PMID: 23382549 PMCID: PMC3617825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the subcellular location of mung bean (Vigna radiata) 8S globulin in transient expression systems as well as in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells and different tissues from a transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) line stably expressing this storage globulin. When transiently expressed in protoplasts from both BY-2 cells and Arabidopsis suspension cultured cells, the 8S globulin located to structures that were neither Golgi nor pre-vacuolar compartments (PVCs). Immunogold electron microscopy of the transgenics reveals the 8S globulin-positive structures to be small, spherical, ribosome-covered endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived bodies. In BY-2 cells and all vegetative cells, the 8S globulin was present as a pro-form. However, in Arabidopsis embryos, with the onset of endogenous storage protein synthesis, the 8S globulin exited the ER and passed through the PVC to the protein storage vacuole where it was processed to its smaller mature form. These results clearly demonstrated that, when taken out of context and expressed in vegetative cells, the mung bean 8S storage globulin cannot exit the ER, and indicate that natural targeting of storage proteins to the vacuole should be better studied in the maturing seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - David G. Robinson
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
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Min MK, Jang M, Lee M, Lee J, Song K, Lee Y, Choi KY, Robinson DG, Hwang I. Recruitment of Arf1-GDP to Golgi by Glo3p-type ArfGAPs is crucial for golgi maintenance and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:676-91. [PMID: 23266962 PMCID: PMC3561012 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.209148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor1 (Arf1), a member of the small GTP-binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in protein trafficking to multiple organelles. In its GDP-bound form, Arf1 is recruited from the cytosol to organelle membranes, where it functions in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking. However, the mechanism of Arf1-GDP recruitment remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that two Glo3p-type Arf GTPase-activating proteins (ArfGAPs), ArfGAP domain8 (AGD8) and AGD9, are involved in the recruitment of Arf1-GDP to the Golgi apparatus in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). RNA interference plants expressing low levels of AGD8 and AGD9 exhibited abnormal Golgi morphology, inhibition of protein trafficking, and arrest of plant growth and development. In RNA interference plants, Arf1 was poorly recruited to the Golgi apparatus. Conversely, high levels of AGD8 and AGD9 induced Arf1 accumulation at the Golgi and suppressed Golgi disruption and inhibition of vacuolar trafficking that was caused by overexpression of AGD7. Based on these results, we propose that the Glo3p-type ArfGAPs AGD8 and AGD9 recruit Arf1-GDP from the cytosol to the Golgi for Arf1-mediated protein trafficking, which is essential for plant development and growth.
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Burén S, Ortega-Villasante C, Otvös K, Samuelsson G, Bakó L, Villarejo A. Use of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A peptide co-expression system to study intracellular protein trafficking in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51973. [PMID: 23251667 PMCID: PMC3522588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A tool for stoichiometric co-expression of effector and target proteins to study intracellular protein trafficking processes has been provided by the so called 2A peptide technology. In this system, the 16–20 amino acid 2A peptide from RNA viruses allows synthesis of multiple gene products from single transcripts. However, so far the use of the 2A technology in plant systems has been limited. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of this work was to assess the suitability of the 2A peptide technology to study the effects exerted by dominant mutant forms of three small GTPase proteins, RABD2a, SAR1, and ARF1 on intracellular protein trafficking in plant cells. Special emphasis was given to CAH1 protein from Arabidopsis, which is trafficking to the chloroplast via a poorly characterized endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi pathway. Dominant negative mutants for these GTPases were co-expressed with fluorescent marker proteins as polyproteins separated by a 20 residue self-cleaving 2A peptide. Cleavage efficiency analysis of the generated polyproteins showed that functionality of the 2A peptide was influenced by several factors. This enabled us to design constructs with greatly increased cleavage efficiency compared to previous studies. The dominant negative GTPase variants resulting from cleavage of these 2A peptide constructs were found to be stable and active, and were successfully used to study the inhibitory effect on trafficking of the N-glycosylated CAH1 protein through the endomembrane system. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate that the 2A peptide is a suitable tool when studying plant intracellular protein trafficking and that transient protoplast and in planta expression of mutant forms of SAR1 and RABD2a disrupts CAH1 trafficking. Similarly, expression of dominant ARF1 mutants also caused inhibition of CAH1 trafficking to a different extent. These results indicate that early trafficking of the plastid glycoprotein CAH1 depends on canonical vesicular transport mechanisms operating between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Burén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Ding Y, Wang J, Wang J, Stierhof YD, Robinson DG, Jiang L. Unconventional protein secretion. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:606-15. [PMID: 22784825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that protein secretion or exocytosis is achieved via a conventional ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-Golgi-TGN (trans-Golgi network)-PM (plasma membrane) pathway in the plant endomembrane system. However, such signal peptide (SP)-dependent protein secretion cannot explain the increasing number of SP-lacking proteins which are found outside of the PM in plant cells. The process by which such leaderless secretory proteins (LSPs) gain access to the cell exterior is termed unconventional protein secretion (UPS) and has been well-studied in animal and yeast cells, but largely ignored by the plant community. Here, we review the evidence for UPS in plants especially in regard to the recently discovered EXPO (exocyst-positive-organelle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xu C, Gao X, Sun X, Wen CK. The basal level ethylene response is important to the wall and endomembrane structure in the hypocotyl cells of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:434-455. [PMID: 22591458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sub-cellular events that occur during the ethylene-modulated cell elongation were characterized by examining the ultra-structure of etiolated Arabidopsis seedling hypocotyl cells. Preventing the basal level ethylene response facilitated cell elongation, and the cells exhibited wall loosening and separation phenotype. Nearby the wall separation sites were frequently associated with an increase in the cortical rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) membranes, the presence of paramural bodies, and the circular Golgi formation. The cortical rER proliferation and circular Golgi phenotype were reverted by the protein biosynthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The cortical rER membranes were longer when the ethylene response was prevented and shortened with elevated ethylene responses. Proteomic changes between wild type and the ethylene-insensitive mutant ethylene insensitive2 (ein2) seedling hypocotyls indicated that distinct subsets of proteins involving endomembrane trafficking, remodeling, and wall modifications were differentially expressed. FM4-64 staining supported the proteomic changes, which indicated reduced endocytosis activity with alleviation of the ethylene response. The basal level ethylene response has an important role in endomembrane trafficking, biological materials transport and maintenance of the endomembrane organization. It is possible that endomembrane alterations may partly associate with the wall modifications, though the biological significance of the alterations should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, China
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Yao HY, Xue HW. Signals and mechanisms affecting vesicular trafficking during root growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 14:571-579. [PMID: 21764358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is mediated by distinct exocytic and endocytic routes in eukaryotic cells. These pathways involve RAB family proteins, ADP-ribosylation factor, RHO proteins of the Ras superfamily, and SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptors). Studies have shown that vesicular trafficking plays a crucial role in protein localization and movement, signal transduction, and multiple developmental processes. Here we summarize the role of vesicular trafficking in root and root hair growth and in auxin-mediated root development, focusing on the regulation of the polarized subcellular distribution of the PIN proteins (auxin efflux carriers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300, Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Du C, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chong K. Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor-GTPase-activating protein stimulates the transport of AUX1 endosome, which relies on actin cytoskeletal organization in rice root development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:698-709. [PMID: 21631728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport, which depends on polarized subcellular distribution of AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) influx carriers and PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers, mediates various processes of plant growth and development. Endosomal recycling of PIN1 is mediated by an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)ribosylation factor (ARF)-GTPase exchange factor protein, GNOM. However, the mediation of auxin influx carrier recycling is poorly understood. Here, we report that overexpression of OsAGAP, an ARF-GTPase-activating protein in rice, stimulates vesicle transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus in protoplasts and transgenic plants and induces the accumulation of early endosomes and AUX1. AUX1 endosomes could partially colocalize with FM4-64 labeled early endosome after actin disruption. Furthermore, OsAGAP is involved in actin cytoskeletal organization, and its overexpression tends to reduce the thickness and bundling of actin filaments. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis revealed exocytosis of the AUX1 recycling endosome was not affected in the OsAGAP overexpression cells, and was only slightly promoted when the actin filaments were completely disrupted by Lat B. Thus, we propose that AUX1 accumulation in the OsAGAP overexpression and actin disrupted cells may be due to the fact that endocytosis of the auxin influx carrier AUX1 early endosome was greatly promoted by actin cytoskeleton disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Role of phosphatidic acid in plant galactolipid synthesis. Biochimie 2011; 94:86-93. [PMID: 21501653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a precursor metabolite for phosphoglycerolipids and also for galactoglycerolipids, which are essential lipids for formation of plant membranes. PA has in addition a main regulatory role in a number of developmental processes notably in the response of the plant to environmental stresses. We review here the different pools of PA dispatched at different locations in the plant cell and how these pools are modified in different growth conditions, particularly during plastid membrane biogenesis and when the plant is exposed to phosphate deprivation. We analyze how these modifications can affect galactolipid synthesis by tuning the activity of MGD1 enzyme allowing a coupling of phospho- and galactolipid metabolisms. Some mechanisms are considered to explain how physicochemical properties of PA allow this lipid to act as a central internal sensor in plant physiology.
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Testerink C, Munnik T. Molecular, cellular, and physiological responses to phosphatidic acid formation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2349-61. [PMID: 21430291 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an essential phospholipid involved in membrane biosynthesis and signal transduction in all eukaryotes. This review focuses on its role as lipid second messenger during plant stress, metabolism, and development. The contribution of different individual isoforms of enzymes that generate and break down PA will be discussed and the downstream responses highlighted, with particular focus on proteins that bind PA. Through characterization of several of these PA targets, a molecular and genetic basis for PA's role in plant stress and development is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Testerink
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cai Y, Jia T, Lam SK, Ding Y, Gao C, San MWY, Pimpl P, Jiang L. Multiple cytosolic and transmembrane determinants are required for the trafficking of SCAMP1 via an ER-Golgi-TGN-PM pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 65:882-96. [PMID: 21251105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
How polytopic plasma membrane (PM) proteins reach their destination in plant cells remains elusive. Using transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells, we previously showed that the rice secretory carrier membrane protein 1 (SCAMP1), an integral membrane protein with four transmembrane domains (TMDs), is localized to the PM and trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, we study the transport pathway and sorting signals of SCAMP1 by following its transient expression in tobacco BY-2 protoplasts and show that SCAMP1 reaches the PM via an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-TGN-PM pathway. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function analysis of various green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions with SCAMP1 mutations further demonstrates that: (i) the cytosolic N-terminus of SCAMP1 contains an ER export signal; (ii) the transmembrane domain 2 (TMD2) and TMD3 of SCAMP1 are essential for Golgi export; (iii) SCAMP1 TMD1 is essential for TGN-to-PM targeting; (iv) the predicted topology of SCAMP1 and its various mutants remain identical as demonstrated by protease protection assay. Therefore, both the cytosolic N-terminus and TMD sequences of SCAMP1 play integral roles in mediating its transport to the PM via an ER-Golgi-TGN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Park M, Jürgens G. Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:111. [PMID: 22645561 PMCID: PMC3355779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome a decade ago has facilitated the functional analysis of various biological processes including membrane traffic by which many proteins are delivered to their sites of action and turnover. In particular, membrane traffic between post-Golgi compartments plays an important role in cell signaling, taking care of receptor-ligand interaction and inactivation, which requires secretion, endocytosis, and recycling or targeting to the vacuole for degradation. Here, we discuss recent studies that address the identity of post-Golgi compartments, the machinery involved in traffic and fusion or functionally characterized cargo proteins that are delivered to or pass through post-Golgi compartments. We also provide an outlook on future challenges in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misoon Park
- Entwicklungsgenetik, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- Entwicklungsgenetik, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gerd Jürgens, Entwicklungsgenetik, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. e-mail:
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Stefano G, Renna L, Rossi M, Azzarello E, Pollastri S, Brandizzi F, Baluska F, Mancuso S. AGD5 is a GTPase-activating protein at the trans-Golgi network. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 64:790-799. [PMID: 21105926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ARF-GTPases are important proteins that control membrane trafficking events. Their activity is largely influenced by the interplay between guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which facilitate the activation or inactivation of ARF-GTPases, respectively. There are 15 predicted proteins that contain an ARF-GAP domain within the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, and these are classified as ARF-GAP domain (AGD) proteins. The function and subcellular distribution of AGDs, including the ability to activate ARF-GTPases in vivo, that remain largely uncharacterized to date. Here we show that AGD5 is localised to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where it co-localises with ARF1, a crucial GTPase that is involved in membrane trafficking and which was previously shown to be distributed on Golgi and post-Golgi structures of unknown nature. Taking advantage of the in vivo AGD5-ARF1 interaction at the TGN, we show that mutation of an arginine residue that is critical for ARF-GAP activity of AGD5 leads to longer residence of ARF1 on the membranes, as expected if GTP hydrolysis on ARF1 was impaired due to a defective GAP. Our results establish the nature of the post-Golgi compartments in which ARF1 localises, as well as identifying the role of AGD5 in vivo as a TGN-localised GAP. Furthermore, in vitro experiments established the promiscuous interaction between AGD5 and the plasma membrane-localised ADP ribosylation factor B (ARFB), confirming that ARF-GAP specificity for ARF-GTPases within the cell environment may be spatially regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Stefano
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, viale delle Idee, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy.
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Huh SM, Noh EK, Kim HG, Jeon BW, Bae K, Hu HC, Kwak JM, Park OK. Arabidopsis Annexins AnnAt1 and AnnAt4 Interact with Each Other and Regulate Drought and Salt Stress Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:1499-514. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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