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Ma N, Sun T, Liu G, Wang Q, Liu C, Liu N, Han S, Zhen W, Hou C, Wang D. Translationally controlled tumor protein interacts with TaCIPK23 to positively regulate wheat resistance to Puccinia triticina. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39180235 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypersensitive response-programmed cell death (HR-PCD) regulated by Ca2+ signal is considered the major regulator of resistance against Puccinia triticina (Pt.) infection in wheat. In this study, the bread wheat variety Thatcher and its near-isogenic line with the leaf rust resistance locus Lr26 were infected with the Pt. race 260 to obtain the compatible and incompatible combinations, respectively. The expression of translationally controlled tumor protein (TaTCTP) was upregulated upon infection with Pt., through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism in the incompatible combination. The knockdown of TaTCTP markedly increased the area of dying cell and the number of Pt. haustorial mother cells (HMCs) at the infection sites, whereas plants overexpressing the gene exhibited enhanced resistance. The interaction between TaTCTP and calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase 23 (TaCIPK23) was also investigated, and the interaction was found occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum. TaCIPK23 phosphorylated TaTCTP in vitro. The expression of a phospho-mimic TaTCTP mutant in Nicotiana benthamiana promoted HR-like cell death. Silencing TaCIPK23 or TaCIPK23/TaTCTP co-silencing resulted in the same results as silencing TaTCTP. This suggested that TaTCTP is a novel phosphorylation target of TaCIPK23, and both participate in the resistance of wheat to Pt. in the same pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tianjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunji Liu
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shengfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Regulation and Control of Crop Growth of Hebei, Baoding, China
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Baoding, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Chen JS, Wang ST, Mei Q, Sun T, Hu JT, Xiao GS, Chen H, Xuan YH. The role of CBL-CIPK signaling in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:53. [PMID: 38714550 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants have a variety of regulatory mechanisms to perceive, transduce, and respond to biotic and abiotic stress. One such mechanism is the calcium-sensing CBL-CIPK system responsible for the sensing of specific stressors, such as drought or pathogens. CBLs perceive and bind Calcium (Ca2+) in response to stress and then interact with CIPKs to form an activated complex. This leads to the phosphorylation of downstream targets, including transporters and ion channels, and modulates transcription factor levels and the consequent levels of stress-associated genes. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the response of the CBL-CIPK pathway to biotic and abiotic stresses, including regulating ion transport channels, coordinating plant hormone signal transduction, and pathways related to ROS signaling. Investigation of the function of the CBL-CIPK pathway is important for understanding plant stress tolerance and provides a promising avenue for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - S T Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Q Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - T Sun
- Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - J T Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - G S Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China.
| | - H Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Y H Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Plant Protection, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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3
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Ganie SA, McMulkin N, Devoto A. The role of priming and memory in rice environmental stress adaptation: Current knowledge and perspectives. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1895-1915. [PMID: 38358119 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are dynamic, following the unpredictable changes of physical environmental parameters such as temperature, water and nutrients. Physiological and phenotypical responses to stress are intercalated by periods of recovery. An earlier stress can be remembered as 'stress memory' to mount a response within a generation or transgenerationally. The 'stress priming' phenomenon allows plants to respond quickly and more robustly to stressors to increase survival, and therefore has significant implications for agriculture. Although evidence for stress memory in various plant species is accumulating, understanding of the mechanisms implicated, especially for crops of agricultural interest, is in its infancy. Rice is a major food crop which is susceptible to abiotic stresses causing constraints on its cultivation and yield globally. Advancing the understanding of the stress response network will thus have a significant impact on rice sustainable production and global food security in the face of climate change. Therefore, this review highlights the effects of priming on rice abiotic stress tolerance and focuses on specific aspects of stress memory, its perpetuation and its regulation at epigenetic, transcriptional, metabolic as well as physiological levels. The open questions and future directions in this exciting research field are also laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Nancy McMulkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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4
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Wang J, Han M, Huang Y, Zhao J, Liu C, Ma Y. Flooding Tolerance of Rice: Regulatory Pathways and Adaptive Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1178. [PMID: 38732393 PMCID: PMC11085783 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rice is a major food crop for more than half of the world's population, while its production is seriously threatened by flooding, a common environmental stress worldwide. Flooding leads to oxygen deficiency, which is a major problem for submerged plants. Over the past three decades, significant progress has been made in understanding rice adaptation and molecular regulatory mechanisms in response to flooding. At the seed germination and seedling establishment stages, the CIPK15-SnRK1A-MYBS1 signaling cascade plays a central role in determining rice submergence tolerance. However, from seedlings to mature plants for harvesting, SUB1A- and SK1/SK2-regulated pathways represent two principal and opposite regulatory mechanisms in rice. In addition, phytohormones, especially gibberellins, induce adaptive responses to flooding throughout the rice growth period. This review summarizes the significant adaptive traits observed in flooded rice varieties and updates the molecular genetics and mechanisms of submergence tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.W.); (Y.H.)
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingzhen Han
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanguang Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yamei Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.H.); (J.Z.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Sun C, Li Y, Zhao T, Bi W, Song Y, Liang X, Wang X, Dou D, Xu G. Potato calcium sensor modules StCBL3-StCIPK7 and StCBL3-StCIPK24 negatively regulate plant immunity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38182981 PMCID: PMC10768403 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease on potato. Dissecting critical immune components in potato will be supportive for engineering P. infestans resistance. Upon pathogens attack, plant Ca2+ signature is generated and decoded by an array of Ca2+ sensors, among which calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) coupled with plant specific CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are much less explored in plant immunity. RESULTS In this study, we identified that two differential potato CBL-CIPK modules regulate plant defense responses against Phytophthora and ROS production, respectively. By deploying virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system-based pathogen inoculation assays, StCBL3 was shown to negatively regulate Phytophthora resistance. Consistently, StCBL3 was further found to negatively regulate PTI and ETI responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, StCIPK7 was identified to act together with StCBL3 to negatively regulate Phytophthora resistance. StCIPK7 physically interacts with StCBL3 and phosphorylates StCBL3 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. StCBL3 promotes StCIPK7 kinase activity. On the other hand, another StCBL3-interacting kinase StCIPK24 negatively modulating flg22-triggered accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interacting with StRBOHB. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that the StCBL3-StCIPK7 complex negatively modulates Phytophthora resistance and StCBL3-StCIPK24 complex negatively regulate ROS production. Our results offer new insights into the roles of potato CBL-CIPK in plant immunity and provide valuable gene resources to engineer the disease resistance potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weishuai Bi
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Song
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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6
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Son S, Park SR. The rice SnRK family: biological roles and cell signaling modules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285485. [PMID: 38023908 PMCID: PMC10644236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-activated signaling pathways orchestrate cellular responses to control plant growth and development and mitigate the effects of adverse environmental conditions. During this process, signaling components are modulated by central regulators of various signal transduction pathways. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is one of the most important events transmitting signals downstream, via the posttranslational modification of signaling components. The plant serine and threonine kinase SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) family, which is classified into three subgroups, is highly conserved in plants. SnRKs participate in a wide range of signaling pathways and control cellular processes including plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Recent notable discoveries have increased our understanding of how SnRKs control these various processes in rice (Oryza sativa). In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of OsSnRK signaling pathways in plant growth, development, and stress responses and discuss recent insights. This review lays the foundation for further studies on SnRK signal transduction and for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Z, Tang W, Sun Z, Li J, Yang B, Liu Y, Wang B, Xu D, Yang J, Zhang Y. OsCIPK9 Interacts with OsSOS3 and Affects Salt-Related Transport to Improve Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3723. [PMID: 37960079 PMCID: PMC10647249 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt is harmful to crop production. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in rice. CIPK genes have various functions, including regulating salt tolerance and other types of stress and nitrogen use efficiency. In rice, OsCIPK24 is known to regulate salt tolerance, but other OsCIPKs could also function in salt tolerance. In this study, we identified another OsCIPK-OsCIPK9-that can regulate salt tolerance. Knockout of OsCIPK9 in rice could improve salt tolerance. Through expression analyses, OsCIPK9 was found to be mainly expressed in the roots and less expressed in mature leaves. Meanwhile, OsCIPK9 had the highest expression 6 h after salt treatment. In addition, we proved the interaction between OsCIPK9 and OsSOS3. The RNA-seq data showed that OsCIPK9 strongly responded to salt treatment, and the transporters related to salt tolerance may be downstream genes of OsCIPK9. Finally, haplotype analyses revealed that Hap6 and Hap8 mainly exist in indica, potentially providing a higher salt tolerance. Overall, a negative regulator of salt tolerance, OsCIPK9, which interacted with OsSOS3 similarly to OsCIPK24 and influenced salt-related transporters, was identified, and editing OsCIPK9 potentially could be helpful for breeding salt-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Zhou
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Weijie Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Jingfang Li
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Bo Yang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.S.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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8
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Negi NP, Prakash G, Narwal P, Panwar R, Kumar D, Chaudhry B, Rustagi A. The calcium connection: exploring the intricacies of calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248648. [PMID: 37849843 PMCID: PMC10578444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules. Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of pathogen recognition, signal perception, and intricate cell signaling for their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathogenic attack induces calcium ion accumulation in the plant cells, resulting in calcium signatures that regulate the synthesis of proteins of defense system. These calcium signatures induct different calcium dependent proteins such as calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and other signaling molecules to orchestrate the complex defense signaling. Using advanced biotechnological tools, the role of Ca2+ signaling during plant-microbe interactions and the role of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant defense mechanism has been revealed to some extent. The Emerging perspectives on calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions suggest that this complex interplay could be harnessed to improve plant resistance against pathogenic microbes. We present here an overview of current understanding in calcium signatures during plant-microbe interaction so as to imbibe a future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Prabha Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Geeta Prakash
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Narwal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pring S, Kato H, Imano S, Camagna M, Tanaka A, Kimoto H, Chen P, Shrotri A, Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A, Saito M, Suzuki T, Terauchi R, Sato I, Chiba S, Takemoto D. Induction of plant disease resistance by mixed oligosaccharide elicitors prepared from plant cell wall and crustacean shells. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14052. [PMID: 37882264 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Basal plant immune responses are activated by the recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), or breakdown molecules released from the plants after damage by pathogen penetration, so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). While chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS), a primary component of fungal cell walls, is most known as MAMP, plant cell wall-derived oligosaccharides, cello-oligosaccharides (COS) from cellulose, and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) from hemicellulose are representative DAMPs. In this study, elicitor activities of COS prepared from cotton linters, XOS prepared from corn cobs, and chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS) from crustacean shells were comparatively investigated. In Arabidopsis, COS, XOS, or CHOS treatment triggered typical defense responses such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phosphorylation of MAP kinases, callose deposition, and activation of the defense-related transcription factor WRKY33 promoter. When COS, XOS, and CHOS were used at concentrations with similar activity in inducing ROS production and callose depositions, CHOS was particularly potent in activating the MAPK kinases and WRKY33 promoters. Among the COS and XOS with different degrees of polymerization, cellotriose and xylotetraose showed the highest activity for the activation of WRKY33 promoter. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of RNAseq data revealed that simultaneous treatment of COS, XOS, and CHOS (oligo-mix) effectively activates plant disease resistance. In practice, treatment with the oligo-mix enhanced the resistance of tomato to powdery mildew, but plant growth was not inhibited but rather tended to be promoted, providing evidence that treatment with the oligo-mix has beneficial effects on improving disease resistance in plants, making them a promising class of compounds for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreynich Pring
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Imano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maurizio Camagna
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kimoto
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
| | - Pengru Chen
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Abhijit Shrotri
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Resonac Corporation (Showa Denko K.K.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Liu X, Wang X, Yang C, Wang G, Fan B, Shang Y, Dang C, Xie C, Wang Z. Genome-wide identification of TaCIPK gene family members in wheat and their roles in host response to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125691. [PMID: 37422244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a destructive disease affecting wheat crops worldwide. Functional genes can be activated in response to Bgt inoculations. Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) together with CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) forms the CBL-CIPK protein complex that participates in Ca2+ sensor kinase-related signaling pathways responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screening and identified 27 CIPK subfamilies (123 CIPK transcripts, TaCIPKs) including 55 new and 47 updated TaCIPKs in wheat. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 123 TaCIPKs could be divided into four groups. Segmental duplications and tandem repeats promoted the expansion of the TaCIPK family. Gene function was further evidenced by differences in gene structure, cis-elements, and protein domains. TaCIPK15-4A was cloned in this study. TaCIPK15-4A contained 17 serine, seven tyrosine, and 15 threonine phosphorylation sites and localized in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. TaCIPK15-4A expression was induced after Bgt inoculation. Virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression experiments indicated that TaCIPK15-4A could play a positive role in wheat disease resistance to Bgt. Overall, these results provide insights into the role of the TaCIPK gene family in wheat resistance and could be beneficial for further research to prevent Bgt infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Chenxiao Yang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Baoli Fan
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Yuntao Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Chen Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China.
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Chen YN, Ho CH. CIPK15-mediated inhibition of NH 4+ transport protects Arabidopsis from submergence. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20235. [PMID: 37810036 PMCID: PMC10560025 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) serves as a vital nitrogen source for plants, but it can turn toxic when it accumulates in excessive amounts. Toxicity is aggravated under hypoxic/anaerobic conditions, e.g., during flooding or submergence, due to a lower assimilation capacity. AMT1; 1 mediates NH4+ uptake into roots. Under conditions of oxygen-deficiency, i.e., submergence, the CBL-interacting protein kinase OsCIPK15 has been shown to trigger SnRK1A signaling, promoting starch mobilization, thereby the increasing availability of ATP, reduction equivalents and acceptors for NH4+ assimilation in rice. Our previous study in Arabidopsis demonstrates that AtCIPK15 phosphorylates AMT1; 1 whose activity is under allosteric feedback control by phosphorylation of T460 in the cytosolic C-terminus. Here we show that submergence cause higher NH4+ accumulation in wild-type, plant but not of nitrate, nor in a quadruple amt knock-out mutant. In addition, submergence triggers rapid accumulation of AtAMT1;1 and AtCIPK15 transcripts as well as AMT1 phosphorylation. Significantly, cipk15 knock-out mutants do not exhibit an increase in AMT1 phosphorylation; however, they do display heightened sensitivity to submergence. These findings suggest that CIPK15 suppresses AMT activity, resulting in decreased NH4+ accumulation during submergence, a period when NH4+ assimilation capacity may be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ning Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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12
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Xiong X, Li J, Su P, Duan H, Sun L, Xu S, Sun Y, Zhao H, Chen X, Ding D, Zhang X, Tang J. Genetic dissection of maize (Zea mays L.) chlorophyll content using multi-locus genome-wide association studies. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:384. [PMID: 37430212 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chlorophyll content (CC) is a key factor affecting maize photosynthetic efficiency and the final yield. However, its genetic basis remains unclear. The development of statistical methods has enabled researchers to design and apply various GWAS models, including MLM, MLMM, SUPER, FarmCPU, BLINK and 3VmrMLM. Comparative analysis of their results can lead to more effective mining of key genes. RESULTS The heritability of CC was 0.86. Six statistical models (MLM, BLINK, MLMM, FarmCPU, SUPER, and 3VmrMLM) and 1.25 million SNPs were used for the GWAS. A total of 140 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were detected, with 3VmrMLM and MLM detecting the most (118) and fewest (3) QTNs, respectively. The QTNs were associated with 481 genes and explained 0.29-10.28% of the phenotypic variation. Additionally, 10 co-located QTNs were detected by at least two different models or methods, three co-located QTNs were identified in at least two different environments, and six co-located QTNs were detected by different models or methods in different environments. Moreover, 69 candidate genes within or near these stable QTNs were screened based on the B73 (RefGen_v2) genome. GRMZM2G110408 (ZmCCS3) was identified by multiple models and in multiple environments. The functional characterization of this gene indicated the encoded protein likely contributes to chlorophyll biosynthesis. In addition, the CC differed significantly between the haplotypes of the significant QTN in this gene, and CC was higher for haplotype 1. CONCLUSION This study's results broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of CC, mining key genes related to CC and may be relevant for the ideotype-based breeding of new maize varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Su
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
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Kato-Noguchi H. Defensive Molecules Momilactones A and B: Function, Biosynthesis, Induction and Occurrence. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040241. [PMID: 37104180 PMCID: PMC10140866 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Labdane-related diterpenoids, momilactones A and B were isolated and identified in rice husks in 1973 and later found in rice leaves, straws, roots, root exudate, other several Poaceae species and the moss species Calohypnum plumiforme. The functions of momilactones in rice are well documented. Momilactones in rice plants suppressed the growth of fungal pathogens, indicating the defense function against pathogen attacks. Rice plants also inhibited the growth of adjacent competitive plants through the root secretion of momilactones into their rhizosphere due to the potent growth-inhibitory activity of momilactones, indicating a function in allelopathy. Momilactone-deficient mutants of rice lost their tolerance to pathogens and allelopathic activity, which verifies the involvement of momilactones in both functions. Momilactones also showed pharmacological functions such as anti-leukemia and anti-diabetic activities. Momilactones are synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate through cyclization steps, and the biosynthetic gene cluster is located on chromosome 4 of the rice genome. Pathogen attacks, biotic elicitors such as chitosan and cantharidin, and abiotic elicitors such as UV irradiation and CuCl2 elevated momilactone production through jasmonic acid-dependent and independent signaling pathways. Rice allelopathy was also elevated by jasmonic acid, UV irradiation and nutrient deficiency due to nutrient competition with neighboring plants with the increased production and secretion of momilactones. Rice allelopathic activity and the secretion of momilactones into the rice rhizosphere were also induced by either nearby Echinochloa crus-galli plants or their root exudates. Certain compounds from Echinochloa crus-galli may stimulate the production and secretion of momilactones. This article focuses on the functions, biosynthesis and induction of momilactones and their occurrence in plant species.
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14
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Chen H, Lin Q, Li Z, Chu J, Dong H, Mei Q, Xuan Y. Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 31 confers resistance to sheath blight via modulation of ROS homeostasis in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:221-231. [PMID: 36633167 PMCID: PMC9923392 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB) severely threatens rice cultivation and production; however, the molecular mechanism of rice defence against ShB remains unclear. Screening of transposon Ds insertion mutants identified that Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31) mutants were more susceptible to ShB, while CIPK31 overexpressors (OX) were less susceptible. Sequence analysis indicated two haplotypes of CIPK31: Hap_1, with significantly higher CIPK31 expression, was less sensitive to ShB than the Hap_2 lines. Further analyses showed that the NAF domain of CIPK31 interacted with the EF-hand motif of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOHA) to inhibit RBOHA-induced H2 O2 production, and RBOHA RNAi plants were more susceptible to ShB. These data suggested that the CIPK31-mediated increase in resistance is not associated with RBOHA. Interestingly, the study also found that CIPK31 interacted with catalase C (CatC); cipk31 mutants accumulated less H2 O2 while CIPK31 OX accumulated more H2 O2 compared to the wild-type control. Further analysis showed the interaction of the catalase domain of CatC with the NAF domain of CIPK31 by which CIPK31 inhibits CatC activity to accumulate more H2 O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qiujun Lin
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing TechnologyLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jin Chu
- Institution of Plant ProtectionLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Hai Dong
- Institution of Plant ProtectionLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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15
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He F, Wang C, Sun H, Tian S, Zhao G, Liu C, Wan C, Guo J, Huang X, Zhan G, Yu X, Kang Z, Guo J. Simultaneous editing of three homoeologues of TaCIPK14 confers broad-spectrum resistance to stripe rust in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:354-368. [PMID: 36326663 PMCID: PMC9884018 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases resulting in significant losses to wheat production worldwide. The development of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control diseases. Altering the susceptibility genes that promote pathogen compatibility via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology has become a new strategy for developing disease-resistant wheat varieties. Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) has been demonstrated to be involved in defence responses during plant-pathogen interactions. However, whether wheat CIPK functions as susceptibility factor is still unclear. Here, we isolated a CIPK homoeologue gene TaCIPK14 from wheat. Knockdown of TaCIPK14 significantly increased wheat resistance to Pst, whereas overexpression of TaCIPK14 resulted in enhanced wheat susceptibility to Pst by decreasing different aspects of the defence response, including accumulation of ROS and expression of pathogenesis-relative genes. We generated wheat Tacipk14 mutant plants by simultaneous modification of the three homoeologues of wheat TaCIPK14 via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The Tacipk14 mutant lines expressed race-nonspecific (RNS) broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) to Pst. Moreover, no significant difference was found in agronomic yield traits between Tacipk14 mutant plants and Fielder control plants under greenhouse and field conditions. These results demonstrate that TaCIPK14 acts as an important susceptibility factor in wheat response to Pst, and knockout of TaCIPK14 represents a powerful strategy for generating new disease-resistant wheat varieties with BSR to Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ce Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Huilin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Guosen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cuiping Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xueling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Gangming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xiumei Yu
- Technological Innovation Centre for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei ProvinceHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Fattorini L, Leonelli F. Rice Phytoalexins: Half a Century of Amazing Discoveries; Part I: Distribution, Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:260. [PMID: 36678973 PMCID: PMC9862927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, providing approximately 20% of the world's food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over half a century, both for their biological role and their potential application in agronomic and pharmaceutical fields. In recent decades, the growing interest of the research community, combined with advances in chemical, biological, and biomolecular investigation methods, has led to a notable acceleration in the growth of knowledge on rice phytoalexins. This review provides an overview of the knowledge gained in recent decades on the diversity, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and bioactivity of rice phytoalexins, with particular attention to the most recent advances in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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17
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Yang S, Li J, Lu J, Wang L, Min F, Guo M, Wei Q, Wang W, Dong X, Mao Y, Hu L, Wang X. Potato calcineurin B-like protein CBL4, interacting with calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase CIPK2, positively regulates plant resistance to stem canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1032900. [PMID: 36687567 PMCID: PMC9845770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calcium sensor calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting partners, CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), have emerged as a complex network in response to abiotic and biotic stress perception. However, little is known about how CBL-CIPK complexes function in potatoes. Methods In this study, we identified the components of one potato signaling complex, StCBL4-StCIPK2, and characterized its function in defense against Rhizoctonia solani causing stem canker in potato. Results Expressions of both StCBL4 and StCIPK2 from potato were coordinately induced upon R. solani infection and following exposure to the defense genes. Furthermore, transient overexpression of StCBL4 and StCIPK2 individually and synergistically increased the tolerance of potato plants to R. solani in Nicotiana benthamiana. Additionally, the transgenic potato has also been shown to enhance resistance significantly. In contrast, susceptibility to R. solani was exhibited in N. benthamiana following virus-induced gene silencing of NbCBL and NbCIPK2. Evidence revealed that StCBL4 could interact in yeast and in planta with StCIPK2. StCBL4 and StCIPK2 transcription was induced upon R. solani infection and this expression in response to the pathogen was enhanced in StCBL4- and StCIPK2-transgenic potato. Moreover, accumulated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly upregulated and enhanced in both StCBL4- and StCIPK2- transgenic potato. Discussion Accordingly, StCBL4 and StCIPK2 were involved in regulating the immune response to defend the potato plant against R. solani. Together, our data demonstrate that StCBL4 functions in concert with StCIPK2, as positive regulators of immunity, contributing to combating stem canker disease in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fanxiang Min
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuezhi Dong
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanzhi Mao
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Linshuang Hu
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodan Wang,
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Calcium decoders and their targets: The holy alliance that regulate cellular responses in stress signaling. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:371-439. [PMID: 36858741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is versatile communication network in the cell. Stimuli perceived by cells are transposed through Ca2+-signature, and are decoded by plethora of Ca2+ sensors present in the cell. Calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases and calcineurin B-like proteins are major classes of proteins that decode the Ca2+ signature and serve in the propagation of signals to different parts of cells by targeting downstream proteins. These decoders and their targets work together to elicit responses against diverse stress stimuli. Over a period of time, significant attempts have been made to characterize as well as summarize elements of this signaling machinery. We begin with a structural overview and amalgamate the newly identified Ca2+ sensor protein in plants. Their ability to bind Ca2+, undergo conformational changes, and how it facilitates binding to a wide variety of targets is further embedded. Subsequently, we summarize the recent progress made on the functional characterization of Ca2+ sensing machinery and in particular their target proteins in stress signaling. We have focused on the physiological role of Ca2+, the Ca2+ sensing machinery, and the mode of regulation on their target proteins during plant stress adaptation. Additionally, we also discuss the role of these decoders and their mode of regulation on the target proteins during abiotic, hormone signaling and biotic stress responses in plants. Finally, here, we have enumerated the limitations and challenges in the Ca2+ signaling. This article will greatly enable in understanding the current picture of plant response and adaptation during diverse stimuli through the lens of Ca2+ signaling.
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Xiao C, Zhang H, Xie F, Pan ZY, Qiu WM, Tong Z, Wang ZQ, He XJ, Xu YH, Sun ZH. Evolution, gene expression, and protein‒protein interaction analyses identify candidate CBL-CIPK signalling networks implicated in stress responses to cold and bacterial infection in citrus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:420. [PMID: 36045357 PMCID: PMC9434895 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold is a major abiotic stress and Huanglongbing and citrus canker disease are two devastating bacterial diseases for citrus. The Ca2+-CBL-CIPK network is known to regulate different types of stress signalling in plants. How do CBL-CIPK signalling networks function in response to cold and infection by CLas or Xcc in citrus? RESULTS Eight calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and seventeen CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) were identified from the cold-tolerant satsuma mandarin 'Guijing2501' (Citrus. unshiu) and CLas/Xcc-sensitive sweet orange (C. sinensis). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CBL and CIPK family members in citrus were classified into an ancient and a recent clade according to their conserved domain characteristics and/or intron/exon structures. Genome duplication analysis suggested that both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the amplification of the CBL and CIPK gene families in citrus under intense purifying selection, and the duplication events only existed in the recent clades. Expression comparison of the duplicated gene pairs indicated that the duplicated CBL and CIPK genes underwent functional differentiation. Further expression analysis identified that CBL1, 5, 6, and 8 and CIPK2, 8, 12, 15, 16, and 17 were significantly regulated by multiple stresses, including cold, Xcc infection and/or CLas infection, in citrus, whereas CBL2/7 and CIPK1/4/5/11/13/14 were independently highly regulated by cold and CIPK3 was uniquely responsive to Xcc infection. The combination analyses of targeted Y2H assay and expression analysis revealed that CBL6-CIPK8 was the common signalling network in response to cold and Xcc infection, while CBL6/CBL8-CIPK14 was uniquely responsive to cold in citrus. Further stable transformation and cold tolerance assay indicated that overexpression of CuCIPK16 enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis with higher POD activity and lower MDA content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, evolution, gene expression and protein‒protein interaction analyses of citrus CBLs and CIPKs were comprehensively conducted over a genome-wide range. The results will facilitate future functional characterization of individual citrus CBLs and CIPKs under specific stresses and provide clues for the clarification of cold tolerance and disease susceptibility mechanisms in corresponding citrus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xiao
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Fan Xie
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhi-Yong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wen-Ming Qiu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Zhu Tong
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Ze-Qiong Wang
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Xiu-Juan He
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Yu-Hai Xu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Zhong-Hai Sun
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
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Huang C, Wang D, Chen H, Deng W, Chen D, Chen P, Wang J. Genome-Wide Identification of DUF26 Domain-Containing Genes in Dongxiang Wild Rice and Analysis of Their Expression Responses under Submergence. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3351-3363. [PMID: 36005127 PMCID: PMC9406443 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The DUF26 domain-containing protein is an extracellular structural protein, which plays an important role in signal transduction. Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is the northern-most common wild rice in China. Using domain analysis, 85 DUF26 domain-containing genes were identified in Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) and further divided into four categories. The DUF26 domain-containing genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes, and there were 18 pairs of tandem repeats. Gene sequence analysis showed that there were significant differences in the gene structure and motif distribution of the DUF26 domain in different categories. Motifs 3, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, and 18 were highly conserved in all categories. It was also found that there were eight plasmodesmata localization proteins (PDLPs) with a unique motif 19. Collinearity analysis showed that DXWR had a large number of orthologous genes with wheat, maize, sorghum and zizania, of which 17 DUF26 domain-containing genes were conserved in five gramineous crops. Under the stress of anaerobic germination and seedling submergence treatment, 33 DUF26 domain-containing genes were differentially expressed in varying degrees. Further correlation analysis with the expression of known submergence tolerance genes showed that these DUF26 domain-containing genes may jointly regulate the submergence tolerance process with these known submergence tolerance genes in DXWR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ping Chen
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-185-7906-9996 (P.C.); +86-133-8753-2293 (J.W.)
| | - Jilin Wang
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-185-7906-9996 (P.C.); +86-133-8753-2293 (J.W.)
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21
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OsASR6 Alleviates Rice Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae via Transcriptional Suppression of OsCIPK15. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126622. [PMID: 35743079 PMCID: PMC9223573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific ASR (abscisic acid, stress and ripening) transcription factors are pivotal regulators of plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, their functions in plant disease resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the role of OsASR6 in rice plants’ resistance to two important bacterial diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying OsASR6-regulated resistance. The expression of OsASR6 was strongly elevated in response to both Xoo and Xoc challenges. Silencing of OsASR6 in OsASR6-RNAi transgenic plants markedly enhanced rice resistance to the two bacterial pathogens. Moreover, comparative transcriptome analyses for OsASR6-RNAi and wild-type plants inoculated and uninoculated with Xoc demonstrated that OsASR6 suppressed rice resistance to Xoc by comprehensively fine-tuning CIPK15- and WRKY45-1-mediated immunity, SA signaling and redox homeostasis. Further luciferase reporter assays confirmed that OsASR6 negatively regulated CIPK15 but not WRKY45-1 expression in planta. Overexpression of OsCIPK15 strongly enhanced rice resistance to Xoo and Xoc. Collectively, these results reveal that OsASR6 alleviates rice resistance through the transcriptional suppression of OsCIPK15, and thus links calcium signaling to rice resistance against X. oryzae. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying OsASR6-mediated regulation of rice resistance to X. oryzae.
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Marwein R, Singh S, Maharana J, Kumar S, Arunkumar KP, Velmurugan N, Chikkaputtaiah C. Transcriptome-wide analysis of North-East Indian rice cultivars in response to Bipolaris oryzae infection revealed the importance of early response to the pathogen in suppressing the disease progression. Gene 2022; 809:146049. [PMID: 34743920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brown spot disease (BSD) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Bipolaris oryzae is one of the major and neglected fungal diseases worldwide affecting rice production. Despite its significance, very limited knowledge on genetics and genomics of rice in response to B. oryzae available. Our study firstly identified moderately resistant (Gitesh) and susceptible (Shahsarang) North-East Indian rice cultivars in response to a native Bipolaris oryzae isolate BO1. Secondly, a systematic comparative RNA seq was performed for both cultivars at four different time points viz. 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post infestation (hpi). Differential gene expression analysis revealed the importance of early response to the pathogen in suppressing disease progression. The pathogen negatively regulates the expression of photosynthetic-related genes at early stages in both cultivars. Of the cell wall modification enzymes, cellulose synthase and callose synthase are important for signal transduction and defense. Cell wall receptors OsLYP6, OsWAK80 might positively and OsWAK25 negatively regulate disease resistance. Jasmonic acid and/or abscisic acid signaling pathways are presumably involved in disease resistance, whereas salicylic acid pathway, and an ethylene response gene OsEBP-89 in promoting disease. Surprisingly, pathogenesis-related proteins showed no antimicrobial impact on the pathogen. Additionally, transcription factors OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY45 together might negatively regulate resistance to the pathogen. Taken together, our study has identified and provide key regulatory genes involved in response to B. oryzae which serve as potential resources for functional genetic analysis to develop genetic tolerance to BSD of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwandahun Marwein
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Distributed Information Centre (DIC), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kallare P Arunkumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute (CMER&TI), Lahdoigarh, Jorhat 785700, Assam, India
| | - Natarajan Velmurugan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Biological Sciences Division, Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, CSIR-NEIST, Naharlagun 791110, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Ma Y, Chen Q, He J, Cao J, Liu Z, Wang J, Yang Y. The kinase CIPK14 functions as a negative regulator of plant immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111017. [PMID: 34620426 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a critical second messenger in plants, Ca2+ is involved in numerous biological processes including biotic and abiotic stress responses. The CBL-interacting protein kinases, known as CIPKs, are essential components in Ca2+-mediated signal transduction pathways. Here, we found that CIPK14 plays a role in the process of regulating immune response in Arabidopsis. The CIPK14 loss-of-function mutants exhibited enhanced resistance to the P. syringae, whereas CIPK14 overexpression plants were more susceptible to bacterial pathogen. Enhanced resistance in cipk14 mutants were accompanied by increased accumulation of SA and elevated expression of defense marker genes (PR1, EDS1, EDS5, ICS1). Overexpression of CIPK14 suppressed Pst DC3000, Pst DC3000 hrcC and flg22 induced generation of ROS and callose deposition. As compared with wild type plants, the expression levels of MPK3/6-dependent PTI marker genes (FRK1, CYP81F2, WAK2, FOX) were up-regulated in cipk14 mutants but down-regulated in CIPK14 overexpression plants after flg22 and elf18 treatment. Additionally, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function of CIPK14 significantly altered the phosphorylation status of MPK3/6 under flg22 treatment, suggesting that CIPK14 is a general modulator of plant immunity at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Taken together, our results uncover that CIPK14 acts as a negative regulator in plant immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiahan He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Mao J, Yuan J, Mo Z, An L, Shi S, Visser RGF, Bai Y, Sun Y, Liu G, Liu H, Wang Q, van der Linden CG. Overexpression of NtCBL5A Leads to Necrotic Lesions by Enhancing Na + Sensitivity of Tobacco Leaves Under Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740976. [PMID: 34603362 PMCID: PMC8484801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars are salt-tolerant and thus are potential model plants to study the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance. The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN (CBL) is a vital family of plant calcium sensor proteins that can transmit Ca2+ signals triggered by environmental stimuli including salt stress. Therefore, assessing the potential of NtCBL for genetic improvement of salt stress is valuable. In our studies on NtCBL members, constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A was found to cause salt supersensitivity with necrotic lesions on leaves. NtCBL5A-overexpressing (OE) leaves tended to curl and accumulated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. The supersensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves was specifically induced by Na+, but not by Cl-, osmotic stress, or drought stress. Ion content measurements indicated that NtCBL5A-OE leaves showed sensitivity to the Na+ accumulation levels that wild-type leaves could tolerate. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling showed that many immune response-related genes are significantly upregulated and photosynthetic machinery-related genes are significantly downregulated in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In addition, the expression of several cation homeostasis-related genes was also affected in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In conclusion, the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A interferes with the normal salt stress response of tobacco plants and leads to Na+-dependent leaf necrosis by enhancing the sensitivity of transgenic leaves to Na+. This Na+ sensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves might result from the abnormal Na+ compartmentalization, plant photosynthesis, and plant immune response triggered by the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A. Identifying genes and pathways involved in this unusual salt stress response can provide new insights into the salt stress response of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Mao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jiaping Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Mo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lulu An
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
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Jayaprakash A, Roy A, Thanmalagan RR, Arunachalam A, Ptv L. Immune response gene coexpression network analysis of Arachis hypogaea infected with Aspergillus flavus. Genomics 2021; 113:2977-2988. [PMID: 34153499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infection and aflatoxin contamination is a major bottleneck for peanut cultivation and value chain industry. In this study, a transcriptomic network study was conducted by retrieving publically available RNA-seq datasets of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties infected by A. flavus separately to understand the peanut defense mechanism against A. flavus. The gene expression analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to the different levels of infection and coexpression network of DEGs deciphered hub genes involved in the immune process in resistant and susceptible varieties. The interplay of resistance conferring genes and cell wall related genes was observed through functional enrichment analysis in response to pathogen infection and identified few key genes such as Protein P21, R genes, Pattern Recognition Receptor genes, Pectinesterases, Laccase and Thaumatin-like protein 1b as candidate genes in imparting immune response against A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Abhijeet Roy
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Raja Rajeswary Thanmalagan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu 605602, India
| | - Lakshmi Ptv
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India.
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26
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Yu SM, Lee HT, Lo SF, Ho THD. How does rice cope with too little oxygen during its early life? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:36-41. [PMID: 31880324 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most crops cannot germinate underwater. Rice exhibits certain degrees of tolerance to oxygen deficiency for anaerobic germination (AG) and anaerobic seedling development (ASD). Direct rice seeding, whereby seeds are sown into soil rather than transplanting seedlings from the nursery, becomes an increasingly popular cultivation method due to labor shortages and opportunities for sustainable cultivation. Flooding is common under direct seeding, but most rice varieties have poor capability of AG/ASD, which is a major obstacle to broad adoption of direct seeding. A better understanding of the physiological basis and molecular mechanisms regulating AG/ASD should facilitate rice breeding for enhanced seedling vigor under flooding. This review highlights recent advances on molecular and physiological mechanisms and future breeding strategies of rice AG/ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Fang Lo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Hua David Ho
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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27
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The Molecular Regulatory Pathways and Metabolic Adaptation in the Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Rice in Response to Low O 2 Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101363. [PMID: 33066550 PMCID: PMC7602250 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, flooding/submergence is one of the major abiotic stresses for higher plants, with deleterious effects on their growth and survival. Therefore, flooding/submergence is a large challenge for agriculture in lowland areas worldwide. Long-term flooding/submergence can cause severe hypoxia stress to crop plants and can result in substantial yield loss. Rice has evolved distinct adaptive strategies in response to low oxygen (O2) stress caused by flooding/submergence circumstances. Recently, direct seeding practice has been increasing in popularity due to its advantages of reducing cultivation cost and labor. However, establishment and growth of the seedlings from seed germination under the submergence condition are large obstacles for rice in direct seeding practice. The physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying tolerant and sensitive phenotypes in rice have been extensively investigated. Here, this review focuses on the progress of recent advances in the studies of the molecular mechanisms and metabolic adaptions underlying anaerobic germination (AG) and coleoptile elongation. Further, we highlight the prospect of introducing quantitative trait loci (QTL) for AG into rice mega varieties to ensure the compatibility of flooding/submergence tolerance traits and yield stability, thereby advancing the direct seeding practice and facilitating future breeding improvement.
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28
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Ma X, Li QH, Yu YN, Qiao YM, Haq SU, Gong ZH. The CBL-CIPK Pathway in Plant Response to Stress Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5668. [PMID: 32784662 PMCID: PMC7461506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous stresses and developmental processes in plants. The major Ca2+ sensors, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form a CBL-CIPK signaling network, which functions as a key component in the regulation of multiple stimuli or signals in plants. In this review, we describe the conserved structure of CBLs and CIPKs, characterize the features of classification and localization, draw conclusions about the currently known mechanisms, with a focus on novel findings in response to multiple stresses, and summarize the physiological functions of the CBL-CIPK network. Moreover, based on the gradually clarified mechanisms of the CBL-CIPK complex, we discuss the present limitations and potential prospects for future research. These aspects may provide a deeper understanding and functional characterization of the CBL-CIPK pathway and other signaling pathways under different stresses, which could promote crop yield improvement via biotechnological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Quan-Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Yi-Ming Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Saeed ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
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Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Sheteiwy MS, Ramakrishnan M, Landi M, Araniti F, Sharma A. Trichoderma: The "Secrets" of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060762. [PMID: 32570799 PMCID: PMC7355703 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sood
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vipul Kumar
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
| | - Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.S.)
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30
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Singh NK, Shukla P, Kirti PB. A CBL-interacting protein kinase AdCIPK5 confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Sci Rep 2020; 10:418. [PMID: 31941979 PMCID: PMC6962456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL interacting protein kinases play important roles in adaptation to stress conditions. In the present study, we isolated a CBL-interacting protein kinase homolog (AdCIPK5) from a wild peanut (Arachis diogoi) with similarity to AtCIPK5 of Arabidopsis. Expression analyses in leaves of the wild peanut showed AdCIPK5 induction by exogenous signaling molecules including salicylic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene or abiotic stress factors like salt, PEG and sorbitol. The recombinant AdCIPK5-GFP protein was found to be localized to the nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. We overexpressed AdCIPK5 in tobacco plants and checked their level of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. While wild type and transgenic plants displayed no significant differences to the treatment with the phytopathogen, Phytophthora parasitica pv nicotianae, the expression of AdCIPK5 increased salt and osmotic tolerance in transgenic plants. Analysis of different physiological parameters revealed that the transgenic plants maintained higher chlorophyll content and catalase activity with lower levels of H2O2 and MDA content during the abiotic stress conditions. AdCIPK5 overexpression also contributed to the maintenance of a higher the K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress. The enhanced tolerance of transgenic plants was associated with elevated expression of stress-related marker genes; NtERD10C, NtERD10D, NtNCED1, NtSus1, NtCAT and NtSOS1. Taken together, these results indicate that AdCIPK5 is a positive regulator of salt and osmotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
- Agricultural Research Organization-the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
| | - Pawan Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, NH-1A, Gallandar, Pampore, 192121, J & K, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
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Kojima T, Asakura N, Hasegawa S, Hirasawa T, Mizuno Y, Takemoto D, Katou S. Transcriptional induction of capsidiol synthesis genes by wounding can promote pathogen signal-induced capsidiol synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:576. [PMID: 31864296 PMCID: PMC6925906 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are exposed to various forms of environmental stress. Penetration by pathogens is one of the most serious environmental insults. Wounding caused by tissue damage or herbivory also affects the growth and reproduction of plants. Moreover, wounding disrupts physical barriers present at the plant surface and increases the risk of pathogen invasion. Plants cope with environmental stress by inducing a variety of responses. These stress responses must be tightly controlled, because their unnecessary induction is detrimental to plant growth. In tobacco, WIPK and SIPK, two wound-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases, have been shown to play important roles in regulating wound responses. However, their contribution to downstream wound responses such as gene expression is not well understood. RESULTS To identify genes regulated by WIPK and SIPK, the transcriptome of wounded WIPK/SIPK-suppressed plants was analyzed. Among the genes down-regulated in WIPK/SIPK-suppressed plants, the largest group consisted of those involved in the production of antimicrobial phytoalexins. Almost all genes involved in the biosynthesis of capsidiol, a major phytoalexin in tobacco, were transcriptionally induced by wounding in WIPK/SIPK-dependent and -independent manners. 5-epi-aristolochene synthase (EAS) is the committing enzyme for capsidiol synthesis, and the promoter of EAS4, a member of the EAS family, was analyzed. Reporter gene analysis revealed that at least two regions each 40-50 bp length were involved in activation of the EAS4 promoter by wounding, as well as by artificial activation of WIPK and SIPK. Unlike transcripts of the capsidiol synthesis genes, accumulation of EAS protein and capsidiol itself were not induced by wounding; however, wounding significantly enhanced their subsequent induction by a pathogen-derived elicitor. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a so-called priming phenomenon since the induction of EAS by wounding is only visible at the transcript level. By inducing transcripts, not the proteins, of EAS and possibly other capsidiol synthesis genes at wound sites, plants can produce large quantities of capsidiol quickly if pathogens invade the wound site, whereas plants can minimize energy loss and avoid the cytotoxic effects of capsidiol where pathogens do not gain entry during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kojima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Asakura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shiori Hasegawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Taishi Hirasawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yuri Mizuno
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinpei Katou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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Xuan YH, Kumar V, Han X, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Kim CM, Gao Y, Han CD. CBL-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE 9 regulates ammonium-dependent root growth downstream of IDD10 in rice (Oryza sativa). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:947-960. [PMID: 30715138 PMCID: PMC6881222 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS INDETERMINATE DOMAIN 10 (IDD10) is a key transcription factor gene that activates the expression of a large number of NH4+-responsive genes including AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER 1;2 (AMT1;2). Primary root growth of rice (Oryza sativa) idd10 mutants is hypersensitive to NH4+. The involvement of CALCINEURIN B-LIKE INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE (CIPK) genes in the action of IDD10 on NH4+-mediated root growth was investigated. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to analyse NH4+- and IDD10-dependent expression of CIPK genes. IDD10-regulated CIPK target genes were identified using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and transient transcription assays. Root growth rate, ammonium content and 15N uptake of cipk mutants were measured to determine their sensitivity to NH4+ and to compare these phenotypes with those of idd10. The genetic relationship between CIPK9 OX and idd10 was investigated by crosses between the CIPK9 and IDD10 lines. KEY RESULTS AMT1;2 was overexpressed in idd10 to determine whether NH4+-hypersensitive root growth of idd10 resulted from limitations in NH4+ uptake or from low cellular levels of NH4+. High NH4+ levels in idd10/AMT1;2 OX did not rescue the root growth defect. Next, the involvement of CIPK genes in NH4+-dependent root growth and interactions between IDD10 and CIPK genes was investigated. Molecular analysis revealed that IDD10 directly activated transcription of CIPK9 and CIPK14. Expression of CIPK8, 9, 14/15 and 23 was sensitive to exogenous NH4+. Further studies revealed that cipk9 and idd10 had almost identical NH4+-sensitive root phenotypes, including low efficiency of 15NH4+ uptake. Analysis of plants containing both idd10 and CIPK9 OX showed that CIPK9 OX could rescue the NH4+-dependent root growth defects of idd10. CONCLUSIONS CIPK9 was involved in NH4+-dependent root growth and appeared to act downstream of IDD10. This information will be useful in future explorations of NH4+ signalling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- For correspondence. E-mails: or
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-deok Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- For correspondence. E-mails: or
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Ma X, Gai WX, Qiao YM, Ali M, Wei AM, Luo DX, Li QH, Gong ZH. Identification of CBL and CIPK gene families and functional characterization of CaCIPK1 under Phytophthora capsici in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:775. [PMID: 31653202 PMCID: PMC6814991 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are major Ca2+ sensors that interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to regulate growth and development in plants. The CBL-CIPK network is involved in stress response, yet little is understood on how CBL-CIPK function in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), a staple vegetable crop that is threatened by biotic and abiotic stressors. Results In the present study, nine CaCBL and 26 CaCIPK genes were identified in pepper and the genes were named based on their chromosomal order. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed that CaCBL and CaCIPK genes clustered in four and five groups, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays showed that CaCBL and CaCIPK genes were constitutively expressed in different tissues, and their expression patterns were altered when the plant was exposed to Phytophthora capsici, salt and osmotic stress. CaCIPK1 expression changed in response to stress, including exposure to P. capsici, NaCl, mannitol, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH), cold and heat stress. Knocking down CaCIPK1 expression increased the susceptibility of pepper to P. capsici, reduced root activity, and altered the expression of defense related genes. Transient overexpression of CaCIPK1 enhanced H2O2 accumulation, cell death, and expression of genes involved in defense. Conclusions Nine CaCBL and 26 CaCIPK genes were identified in the pepper genome, and the expression of most CaCBL and CaCIPK genes were altered when the plant was exposed to stress. In particular, we found that CaCIPK1 is mediates the pepper plant’s defense against P. capsici. These results provide the groundwork for further functional characterization of CaCBL and CaCIPK genes in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xian Gai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xu Luo
- Xuhuai Region Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
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Marcec MJ, Gilroy S, Poovaiah BW, Tanaka K. Mutual interplay of Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in plant immune response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:343-354. [PMID: 31128705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Second messengers are cellular chemicals that act as "language codes", allowing cells to pass outside information to the cell interior. The cells then respond through triggering downstream reactions, including transcriptional reprograming to affect appropriate adaptive responses. The spatiotemporal patterning of these stimuli-induced signal changes has been referred to as a "signature", which is detected, decoded, and transmitted to elicit these downstream cellular responses. Recent studies have suggested that dynamic changes in second messengers, such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), serve as signatures for both intracellular signaling and cell-to-cell communications. These second messenger signatures work in concert with physical signal signatures (such as electrical and hydraulic waves) to create a "lock and key" mechanism that triggers appropriate response to highly varied stresses. In plants, detailed information of how these signatures deploy their downstream signaling networks remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence suggests a mutual interplay between Ca2+ and ROS signaling has important implications for fine-tuning cellular signaling networks in plant immunity. These two signaling mechanisms amplify each other and this interaction may be a critical element of their roles in information processing for plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Marcec
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - B W Poovaiah
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Liu P, Guo J, Zhang R, Zhao J, Liu C, Qi T, Duan Y, Kang Z, Guo J. TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to activate wheat defense responses to stripe rust. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:956-968. [PMID: 30451367 PMCID: PMC6587807 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase (CIPKs) has been shown to be required for biotic stress tolerance of plants in plant-pathogen interactions. However, the roles of CIPKs in immune signalling of cereal crops and an in-depth knowledge of substrates of CIPKs in response to biotic stress are under debate. In this study, we identified and cloned a CIPK homologue gene TaCIPK10 from wheat. TaCIPK10 was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) inoculation and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. In vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrated that the kinase activity of TaCIPK10 is regulated by Ca2+ and TaCBL4. Knockdown TaCIPK10 significantly reduced wheat resistance to Pst, whereas TaCIPK10 overexpression resulted in enhanced wheat resistance to Pst by the induction of defense response in different aspects, including hypersensitive cell death, ROS accumulation and pathogenesis-relative genes expression. Moreover, TaCIPK10 physically interacted with and phosphorylated TaNH2, which was homologous to AtNPR3/4. Silencing of TaNH2 in wheat resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the avirulent Pst race, CYR23, indicating its positive role in wheat resistance. Our results demonstrate that TaCIPK10 positively regulate wheat resistance to Pst as molecular links between of Ca2+ and downstream components of defense response and TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to regulate wheat resistance to Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Tuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yinghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Jamsheer K M, Jindal S, Laxmi A. Evolution of TOR-SnRK dynamics in green plants and its integration with phytohormone signaling networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2239-2259. [PMID: 30870564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR)-sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) signaling is an ancient regulatory mechanism that originated in eukaryotes to regulate nutrient-dependent growth. Although the TOR-SnRK1 signaling cascade shows highly conserved functions among eukaryotes, studies in the past two decades have identified many important plant-specific innovations in this pathway. Plants also possess SnRK2 and SnRK3 kinases, which originated from the ancient SnRK1-related kinases and have specialized roles in controlling growth, stress responses and nutrient homeostasis in plants. Recently, an integrative picture has started to emerge in which different SnRKs and TOR kinase are highly interconnected to control nutrient and stress responses of plants. Further, these kinases are intimately involved with phytohormone signaling networks that originated at different stages of plant evolution. In this review, we highlight the evolution and divergence of TOR-SnRK signaling components in plants and their communication with each other as well as phytohormone signaling to fine-tune growth and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- Amity Food & Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sunita Jindal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Zhang H, Fu Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Wang C, Song W, Yan Z, Wang Y, Ji W. Transcriptome and Proteome-Based Network Analysis Reveals a Model of Gene Activation in Wheat Resistance to Stripe Rust. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051106. [PMID: 30836695 PMCID: PMC6429138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an important fungal foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). To study the mechanism underlying the defense of wheat to Pst, we used the next-generation sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technologies to generate transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of seedling leaves at different stages under conditions of pathogen stress. By conducting comparative proteomic analysis using iTRAQ, we identified 2050, 2190, and 2258 differentially accumulated protein species at 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi). Using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the transcriptome, we identified a stress stage-specific module enriching in transcription regulator genes. The homologs of several regulators, including splicing and transcription factors, were similarly identified as hub genes operating in the Pst-induced response network. Moreover, the Hsp70 protein were predicted as a key point in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks from STRING database. Taking the genetics resistance gene locus into consideration, we identified 32 induced proteins in chromosome 1BS as potential candidates involved in Pst resistance. This study indicated that the transcriptional regulation model plays an important role in activating resistance-related genes in wheat responding to Pst stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Changyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Zhang Y, Lv Y, Jahan N, Chen G, Ren D, Guo L. Sensing of Abiotic Stress and Ionic Stress Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3298. [PMID: 30352959 PMCID: PMC6275032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants need to cope with complex environments throughout their life cycle. Abiotic stresses, including drought, cold, salt and heat, can cause a reduction in plant growth and loss of crop yield. Plants sensing stress signals and adapting to adverse environments are fundamental biological problems. We review the stress sensors in stress sensing and the responses, and then discuss ionic stress signaling and the responses. During ionic stress, the calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CBL-CIPK) complex is identified as a primary element of the calcium sensor for perceiving environmental signals. The CBL-CIPK system shows specificity and variety in its response to different stresses. Obtaining a deeper understanding of stress signaling and the responses will mitigate or solve crop yield crises in extreme environments with fast-growing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Noushin Jahan
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Pan W, Shen J, Zheng Z, Yan X, Shou J, Wang W, Jiang L, Pan J. Overexpression of the Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) HsCIPKs enhances rice tolerance to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stresses. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:51. [PMID: 30209684 PMCID: PMC6135728 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) signaling system plays a key regulatory role in plant stress signaling. The roles of plant-specific CIPKs, essential for CBL-CIPK functions, in the response to various abiotic stresses have been extensively studied so far. However, until now, the possible roles of the CIPKs in the plant response to heavy metal toxicities are largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we used bioinformatic and molecular strategies to isolate 12 HsCIPK genes in Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) and subsequently identified their functional roles in the response to heavy metal toxicities. The results showed that multiple HsCIPKs were transcriptionally regulated by heavy metal toxicities (e.g., Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu) and other abiotic stresses (e.g., salt, drought, aluminum, low and high temperature, and abscisic acid). Furthermore, the ectopic overexpression of each HsCIPK in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare) showed that transgenic plants of multiple HsCIPKs displayed enhanced tolerance of root growth to heavy metal toxicities (Hg, Cd, Cr, and Cu), salt and drought stresses. These results suggest that HsCIPKs are involved in the response to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley HsCIPKs possess broad applications in genetically engineering of rice with tolerance to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuai Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinqiu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongzhong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianxin Shou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Liu P, Duan Y, Liu C, Xue Q, Guo J, Qi T, Kang Z, Guo J. The calcium sensor TaCBL4 and its interacting protein TaCIPK5 are required for wheat resistance to stripe rust fungus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4443-4457. [PMID: 29931351 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as Ca2+ sensors to activate specific protein kinases, namely CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). Recent research has demonstrated that the CBL-CIPK complex is not only required for abiotic stress signaling, but is also probably involved in biotic stress perception. However, the role of this complex in immune signaling, including pathogen perception, is unknown. In this study, we isolated one signaling component of the TaCBL-TaCIPK complex (TaCBL4-TaCIPK5) and characterized its role in the interaction between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst, stripe rust fungus). Among all TaCBLs in wheat, TaCBL4 mRNA accumulation markedly increased after infection by Pst. Silencing of TaCBL4 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to avirulent Pst infection. In addition, screening determined that TaCIPK5 physically interacted with TaCBL4 in planta and positively contributed to wheat resistance to Pst. Moreover, the disease resistance phenotype of TaCBL4 and TaCIPK5 co-silenced plants was consistent with that of single-knockdown plants. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly altered in all silenced plants during Pst infection. Together these findings demonstrate that the TaCBL4-TaCIPK5 complex positively modulates wheat resistance in a ROS-dependent manner, and provide new insights into the roles of CBL-CIPK in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Ye NH, Wang FZ, Shi L, Chen MX, Cao YY, Zhu FY, Wu YZ, Xie LJ, Liu TY, Su ZZ, Xiao S, Zhang H, Yang J, Gu HY, Hou XX, Hu QJ, Yi HJ, Zhu CX, Zhang J, Liu YG. Natural variation in the promoter of rice calcineurin B-like protein10 (OsCBL10) affects flooding tolerance during seed germination among rice subspecies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:612-625. [PMID: 29495079 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has two ecotypes, upland and lowland rice, that have been observed to show different tolerance levels under flooding stress. In this study, two rice cultivars, upland (Up221, flooding-intolerant) and lowland (Low88, flooding-tolerant), were initially used to study their molecular mechanisms in response to flooding germination. We observed that variations in the OsCBL10 promoter sequences in these two cultivars might contribute to this divergence in flooding tolerance. Further analysis using another eight rice cultivars revealed that the OsCBL10 promoter could be classified as either a flooding-tolerant type (T-type) or a flooding-intolerant type (I-type). The OsCBL10 T-type promoter only existed in japonica lowland cultivars, whereas the OsCBL10 I-type promoter existed in japonica upland, indica upland and indica lowland cultivars. Flooding-tolerant rice cultivars containing the OsCBL10 T-type promoter have shown lower Ca2+ flow and higher α-amylase activities in comparison to those in flooding-intolerant cultivars. Furthermore, the OsCBL10 overexpression lines were sensitive to both flooding and hypoxic treatments during rice germination with enhanced Ca2+ flow in comparison to wild-type. Subsequent findings also indicate that OsCBL10 may affect OsCIPK15 protein abundance and its downstream pathways. In summary, our results suggest that the adaptation to flooding stress during rice germination is associated with two different OsCBL10 promoters, which in turn affect OsCBL10 expression in different cultivars and negatively affect OsCIPK15 protein accumulation and its downstream cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Hui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun-Ying Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wu
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Yuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze-Zhuo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hai-Yong Gu
- The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDRRI), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qi-Juan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Peng Y, van Wersch R, Zhang Y. Convergent and Divergent Signaling in PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Effector-Triggered Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:403-409. [PMID: 29135338 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0145-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants use diverse immune receptors to sense pathogen attacks. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors localized on the plasma membrane leads to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Detection of pathogen effectors by intracellular or plasma membrane-localized immune receptors results in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Despite the large variations in the magnitude and duration of immune responses triggered by different PAMPs or pathogen effectors during PTI and ETI, plasma membrane-localized immune receptors activate similar downstream molecular events such as mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, oxidative burst, ion influx, and increased biosynthesis of plant defense hormones, indicating that defense signals initiated at the plasma membrane converge at later points. On the other hand, activation of ETI by immune receptors localized to the nucleus appears to be more directly associated with transcriptional regulation of defense gene expression. Here, we review recent progress in signal transductions downstream of different groups of plant immune receptors, highlighting the converging and diverging molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Peng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rowan van Wersch
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Ho VT, Tran AN, Cardarelli F, Perata P, Pucciariello C. A calcineurin B-like protein participates in low oxygen signalling in rice. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:917-928. [PMID: 32480620 DOI: 10.1071/fp16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Following the identification of the calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 15 (CIPK15), which is a regulator of starch degradation, the low O2 signal elicited during rice germination under submergence has been linked to the sugar sensing cascade and calcium (Ca2+) signalling. CIPK proteins are downstream effectors of calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), which act as Ca2+ sensors, whose role under low O2 has yet to be established. In the present study we describe CBL4 as a putative CIPK15 partner, transcriptionally activated under low O2 in rice coleoptiles. The transactivation of the rice embryo CBL4 transcript and CBL4 promoter was influenced by the Ca2+ blocker ruthenium red (RR). The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay associated to fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis confirmed that CBL4 interacts with CIPK15. The CBL4-CIPK15 complex is localised in the cytoplasm and the plasma-membrane. Experiments in protoplasts showed a dampening of α-amylase 3 (RAMY3D) expression after CBL4 silencing by artificial miRNA. Our results suggest that under low O2, the Ca2+ sensor CBL4 interacts with CIPK15 to regulate RAMY3D expression in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet The Ho
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anh Nguyet Tran
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Sardar A, Nandi AK, Chattopadhyay D. CBL-interacting protein kinase 6 negatively regulates immune response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3573-3584. [PMID: 28541442 PMCID: PMC5853215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) is an essential mediator of the plant innate immune response. Here, we report that a calcium-regulated protein kinase Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinase 6 (CIPK6) functions as a negative regulator of immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis lines with compromised expression of CIPK6 exhibited enhanced disease resistance to the bacterial pathogen and to P. syringae harboring certain but not all avirulent effectors, while restoration of CIPK6 expression resulted in abolition of resistance. Plants overexpressing CIPK6 were more susceptible to P. syringae. Enhanced resistance in the absence of CIPK6 was accompanied by increased accumulation of salicylic acid and elevated expression of defense marker genes. Salicylic acid accumulation was essential for improved immunity in the absence of CIPK6. CIPK6 negatively regulated the oxidative burst associated with perception of pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs) and bacterial effectors. Accelerated and enhanced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in response to bacterial and fungal elicitors was observed in the absence of CIPK6. The results of this study suggested that CIPK6 negatively regulates effector-triggered and PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Sardar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Nandi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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Kurusu T, Kuchitsu K. Autophagy, programmed cell death and reactive oxygen species in sexual reproduction in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:491-499. [PMID: 28364377 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the major cellular processes of recycling of proteins, metabolites and intracellular organelles, and plays crucial roles in the regulation of innate immunity, stress responses and programmed cell death (PCD) in many eukaryotes. It is also essential in development and sexual reproduction in many animals. In plants, although autophagy-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana show phenotypes in abiotic and biotic stress responses, their life cycle seems normal and thus little had been known until recently about the roles of autophagy in development and reproduction. Rice mutants defective in autophagy show sporophytic male sterility and immature pollens, indicating crucial roles of autophagy during pollen maturation. Enzymatic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs) play multiple roles in regulating anther development, pollen tube elongation and fertilization. Significance of autophagy and ROS in the regulation of PCD of transient cells during plant sexual reproduction is discussed in comparison with animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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Guo W, Chen T, Hussain N, Zhang G, Jiang L. Characterization of Salinity Tolerance of Transgenic Rice Lines Harboring HsCBL8 of Wild Barley ( Hordeum spontanum) Line from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1678. [PMID: 27891136 PMCID: PMC5102885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice is more sensitive to salinity, particularly at its early vegetative and later productive stages. Wild plants growing in harsh environments such as wild barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau adapt to the adverse environment with allelic variations at the loci responsible for stressful environment, which could be used for rice genetic improvement. In this study, we overexpressed HsCBL8 encoding a calcium-sensor calcineurin B-like (CBL) protein in rice. The gene was isolated from XZ166, a wild-barley (Hordeum spontanum) line originated from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We found that XZ166 responded to high NaCl concentration (200 mM) with more HsCBL8 transcripts than CM72, a cultivated barley line known for salinity tolerance. XZ166 is significantly different from CM72 with nucleotide sequences at HsCBL8. The overexpression of HsCBL8 in rice resulted in significant improvement of water protection in vivo and plasma membrane, more proline accumulation, and a reduction of overall Na+ uptake but little change in K+ concentration in the plant tissues. Notably, HsCBL8 did not act on some genes downstream of the rice CBL family genes, suggesting an interesting interaction between HsCBL8 and unknown factors to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Guo
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Tianlong Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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Sanyal SK, Rao S, Mishra LK, Sharma M, Pandey GK. Plant Stress Responses Mediated by CBL-CIPK Phosphorylation Network. Enzymes 2016; 40:31-64. [PMID: 27776782 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At any given time and location, plants encounter a flood of environmental stimuli. Diverse signal transduction pathways sense these stimuli and generate a diverse array of responses. Calcium (Ca2+) is generated as a second messenger due to these stimuli and is responsible for transducing the signals downstream in the pathway. A large number of Ca2+ sensor-responder components are responsible for Ca2+ signaling in plants. The sensor-responder complexes calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are pivotal players in Ca2+-mediated signaling. The CIPKs are the protein kinases and hence mediate signal transduction mainly by the process of protein phosphorylation. Elaborate studies conducted in Arabidopsis have shown the involvement of CBL-CIPK complexes in abiotic and biotic stresses, and nutrient deficiency. Additionally, studies in crop plants have also indicated their role in the similar responses. In this chapter, we review the current literature on the CBL and CIPK network, shedding light into the enzymatic property and mechanism of action of CBL-CIPK complexes. We also summarize various reports on the functional modulation of the downstream targets by the CBL-CIPK modules across all plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sanyal
- University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - S Rao
- University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - L K Mishra
- University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - M Sharma
- University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - G K Pandey
- University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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Transcriptome analysis of genes related to resistance against powdery mildew in wheat-Thinopyrum alien addition disomic line germplasm SN6306. Gene 2016; 590:5-17. [PMID: 27265028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew, which is mainly caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), seriously damages wheat production. The wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien addition disomic line germplasm SN6306, being one of the important sources of genes for wheat resistance, is highly resistant to Bgt E09 and to many other powdery mildew physiological races. However, knowledge on the resistance mechanism of SN6306 remains limited. Our study employed high-throughput RNA sequencing based on next-generation sequencing technology (Illumina) to obtain an overview of the transcriptome characteristics of SN6306 and its parent wheat Yannong 15 (YN15) during Bgt infection. The sequencing generated 104,773 unigenes, 9909 of which showed varied expression levels. Among the 9909 unigenes, 1678 unigenes showed 0 reads in YN15. The expression levels in Bgt-inoculated SN6306 and YN15 of exactly 39 unigenes that showed 0 or considerably low reads in YN15 were validated to identify the genes involved in Bgt resistance. Among the 39 unigenes, 12 unigenes were upregulated in SN6306 by 3-45 times. These unigenes mainly encoded kinase, synthase, proteases, and signal transduction proteins, which may play an important role in the resistance against Bgt. To confirm whether the unigenes that showed 0 reads in YN15 are really unique to SN6306, 8 unigenes were cloned and sequenced. Results showed that the selected unigenes are more similar to SN6306 and Th. intermedium than to the wheat cultivar YN15. The sequencing results further confirmed that the unigenes showing 0 reads in YN15 are unique to SN6306 and are most likely derived from Th. intermedium (Host) Nevski. Thus, the genes from Th. intermedium most probably conferred the resistance of SN6306 to Bgt.
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49
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, del-Val E, Larsen J. Ecological functions ofTrichodermaspp. and their secondary metabolites in the rhizosphere: interactions with plants. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw036. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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50
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Sanyal SK, Pandey A, Pandey GK. The CBL-CIPK signaling module in plants: a mechanistic perspective. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:89-108. [PMID: 25953089 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In a given environment, plants are constantly exposed to multitudes of stimuli. These stimuli are sensed and transduced to generate a diverse array of responses by several signal transduction pathways. Calcium (Ca2+ ) signaling is one such important pathway involved in transducing a large number of stimuli or signals in both animals and plants. Ca2+ engages a plethora of decoders to mediate signaling in plants. Among these groups of decoders, the sensor responder complex of calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play a very significant role in transducing these signals. The signal transduction mechanism in most cases is phosphorylation events, but some structural role for the pair has also come to light recently. In this review, we discuss the structural nature of the sensor-responder duo; their mechanism of substrate phosphorylation and also their structural role in modulating targets. Moreover, the mechanism of complex formation and mechanistic role of protein phosphatases with CBL-CIPK module has been mentioned. A comparison of CBL-CIPK with other decoders of Ca2+ signaling in plants also signifies the relatedness and diversity in signaling pathways. Further an attempt has been made to compare this aspect of Ca2+ signaling pathways in different plant species to develop a holistic understanding of conservation of stimulus-response-coupling mediated by this Ca2+ -CBL-CIPK module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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