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Grover S, Mou DF, Shrestha K, Puri H, Pingault L, Sattler SE, Louis J. Impaired Brown midrib12 function orchestrates sorghum resistance to aphids via an auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39233513 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, a complex heterogenous polymer present in virtually all plant cell walls, plays a critical role in protecting plants from various stresses. However, little is known about how lignin modifications in sorghum will impact plant defense against sugarcane aphids (SCA), a key pest of sorghum. We utilized the sorghum brown midrib (bmr) mutants, which are impaired in monolignol synthesis, to understand sorghum defense mechanisms against SCA. We found that loss of Bmr12 function and overexpression (OE) of Bmr12 provided enhanced resistance and susceptibility to SCA, respectively, as compared with wild-type (WT; RTx430) plants. Monitoring of the aphid feeding behavior indicated that SCA spent more time in reaching the first sieve element phase on bmr12 plants compared with RTx430 and Bmr12-OE plants. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that bmr12 plants displayed altered auxin metabolism upon SCA infestation and specifically, elevated levels of auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) were observed in bmr12 plants compared with RTx430 and Bmr12-OE plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of IAA-Asp restored resistance in Bmr12-OE plants, and artificial diet aphid feeding trial bioassays revealed that IAA-Asp is associated with enhanced resistance to SCA. Our findings highlight the molecular underpinnings that contribute to sorghum bmr12-mediated resistance to SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - De-Fen Mou
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Heena Puri
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Lise Pingault
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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2
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Jiang C, Wang J, Fu X, Zhao C, Zhang W, Gao H, Zhu C, Song X, Zhao Y, An Y, Huang L, Chen N, Lu MZ, Zhang J. PagPXYs improve drought tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis in the cambium of Populus alba × P. glandulosa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112106. [PMID: 38663480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PXY (Phloem intercalated with xylem) is a receptor kinase required for directional cell division during the development of plant vascular tissue. Drought stress usually affects plant stem cell division and differentiation thereby limiting plant growth. However, the role of PXY in cambial activities of woody plants under drought stress is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the biological functions of two PXY genes (PagPXYa and PagPXYb) in poplar growth and development and in response to drought stress in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa, '84K'). Expression analysis indicated that PagPXYs, similar to their orthologs PtrPXYs in Populus trichocarpa, are mainly expressed in the stem vascular system, and related to drought. Interestingly, overexpression of PagPXYa and PagPXYb in poplar did not have a significant impact on the growth status of transgenic plants under normal condition. However, when treated with 8 % PEG6000 or 100 mM H2O2, PagPXYa and PagPXYb overexpressing lines consistently exhibited more cambium cell layers, fewer xylem cell layers, and enhanced drought tolerance compared to the non-transgenic control '84K'. In addition, PagPXYs can alleviate the damage caused by H2O2 to the cambium under drought stress, thereby maintaining the cambial division activity of poplar under drought stress, indicating that PagPXYs play an important role in plant resistance to drought stress. This study provides a new insight for further research on the balance of growth and drought tolerance in forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hesheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Cannon AE, Horn PJ. The Molecular Frequency, Conservation and Role of Reactive Cysteines in Plant Lipid Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:826-844. [PMID: 38113384 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cysteines (Cys) are chemically reactive amino acids containing sulfur that play diverse roles in plant biology. Recent proteomics investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed the presence of thiol post-translational modifications (PTMs) in several Cys residues. These PTMs are presumed to impact protein structure and function, yet mechanistic data regarding the specific Cys susceptible to modification and their biochemical relevance remain limited. To help address these limitations, we have conducted a wide-ranging analysis by integrating published datasets encompassing PTM proteomics (comparing S-sulfenylation, persulfidation, S-nitrosylation and S-acylation), genomics and protein structures, with a specific focus on proteins involved in plant lipid metabolism. The prevalence and distribution of modified Cys residues across all analyzed proteins is diverse and multifaceted. Nevertheless, by combining an evaluation of sequence conservation across 100+ plant genomes with AlphaFold-generated protein structures and physicochemical predictions, we have unveiled structural propensities associated with Cys modifications. Furthermore, we have identified discernible patterns in lipid biochemical pathways enriched with Cys PTMs, notably involving beta-oxidation, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and wax biosynthesis. These collective findings provide valuable insights for future investigations targeting the mechanistic foundations of Cys modifications and the regulation of modified proteins in lipid metabolism and other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Cannon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Patrick J Horn
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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4
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Broad RC, Ogden M, Dutta A, Dracatos PM, Whelan J, Persson S, Khan GA. The fnr-like mutants confer isoxaben tolerance by initiating mitochondrial retrograde signalling. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38935864 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Isoxaben is a pre-emergent herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds. While the phytotoxic mechanism is not completely understood, isoxaben interferes with cellulose synthesis. Certain mutations in cellulose synthase complex proteins can confer isoxaben tolerance; however, these mutations can cause compromised cellulose synthesis and perturbed plant growth, rendering them unsuitable as herbicide tolerance traits. We conducted a genetic screen to identify new genes associated with isoxaben tolerance by screening a selection of Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA mutants. We found that mutations in a FERREDOXIN-NADP(+) OXIDOREDUCTASE-LIKE (FNRL) gene enhanced tolerance to isoxaben, exhibited as a reduction in primary root stunting, reactive oxygen species accumulation and ectopic lignification. The fnrl mutant did not exhibit a reduction in cellulose levels following exposure to isoxaben, indicating that FNRL operates upstream of isoxaben-induced cellulose inhibition. In line with these results, transcriptomic analysis revealed a highly reduced response to isoxaben treatment in fnrl mutant roots. The fnrl mutants displayed constitutively induced mitochondrial retrograde signalling, and the observed isoxaben tolerance is partially dependent on the transcription factor ANAC017, a key regulator of mitochondrial retrograde signalling. Moreover, FNRL is highly conserved across all plant lineages, implying conservation of its function. Notably, fnrl mutants did not show a growth penalty in shoots, making FNRL a promising target for biotechnological applications in breeding isoxaben tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan C Broad
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Ogden
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Arka Dutta
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M Dracatos
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Hoffmann N, Mohammad E, McFarlane HE. Disrupting cell wall integrity impacts endomembrane trafficking to promote secretion over endocytic trafficking. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3731-3747. [PMID: 38676707 PMCID: PMC11194303 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The plant cell wall provides a strong yet flexible barrier to protect cells from the external environment. Modifications of the cell wall, either during development or under stress conditions, can induce cell wall integrity responses and ultimately lead to alterations in gene expression, hormone production, and cell wall composition. These changes in cell wall composition presumably require remodelling of the secretory pathway to facilitate synthesis and secretion of cell wall components and cell wall synthesis/remodelling enzymes from the Golgi apparatus. Here, we used a combination of live-cell confocal imaging and transmission electron microscopy to examine the short-term and constitutive impact of isoxaben, which reduces cellulose biosynthesis, and Driselase, a cocktail of cell-wall-degrading fungal enzymes, on cellular processes during cell wall integrity responses in Arabidopsis. We show that both treatments altered organelle morphology and triggered rebalancing of the secretory pathway to promote secretion while reducing endocytic trafficking. The actin cytoskeleton was less dynamic following cell wall modification, and organelle movement was reduced. These results demonstrate active remodelling of the endomembrane system and actin cytoskeleton following changes to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3B2Canada
| | - Eskandar Mohammad
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3B2Canada
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6
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Zhang W, Higgins EE, Robinson SJ, Clarke WE, Boyle K, Sharpe AG, Fobert PR, Parkin IAP. A systems genomics and genetics approach to identify the genetic regulatory network for lignin content in Brassica napus seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393621. [PMID: 38903439 PMCID: PMC11188405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Seed quality traits of oilseed rape, Brassica napus (B. napus), exhibit quantitative inheritance determined by its genetic makeup and the environment via the mediation of a complex genetic architecture of hundreds to thousands of genes. Thus, instead of single gene analysis, network-based systems genomics and genetics approaches that combine genotype, phenotype, and molecular phenotypes offer a promising alternative to uncover this complex genetic architecture. In the current study, systems genetics approaches were used to explore the genetic regulation of lignin traits in B. napus seeds. Four QTL (qLignin_A09_1, qLignin_A09_2, qLignin_A09_3, and qLignin_C08) distributed on two chromosomes were identified for lignin content. The qLignin_A09_2 and qLignin_C08 loci were homologous QTL from the A and C subgenomes, respectively. Genome-wide gene regulatory network analysis identified eighty-three subnetworks (or modules); and three modules with 910 genes in total, were associated with lignin content, which was confirmed by network QTL analysis. eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) analysis revealed four cis-eQTL genes including lignin and flavonoid pathway genes, cinnamoyl-CoA-reductase (CCR1), and TRANSPARENT TESTA genes TT4, TT6, TT8, as causal genes. The findings validated the power of systems genetics to identify causal regulatory networks and genes underlying complex traits. Moreover, this information may enable the research community to explore new breeding strategies, such as network selection or gene engineering, to rewire networks to develop climate resilience crops with better seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Erin E. Higgins
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Robinson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wayne E. Clarke
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kerry Boyle
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Sharpe
- Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Pierre R. Fobert
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isobel A. P. Parkin
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Wu J, Chen Y, Xu Y, An Y, Hu Z, Xiong A, Wang G. Effects of Jasmonic Acid on Stress Response and Quality Formation in Vegetable Crops and Their Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1557. [PMID: 38891365 PMCID: PMC11175075 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid plays an important role in plant growth and development, participating in many physiological processes, such as plant disease resistance, stress resistance, organ development, root growth, and flowering. With the improvement in living standards, people have higher requirements regarding the quality of vegetables. However, during the growth process of vegetables, they are often attacked by pests and diseases and undergo abiotic stresses, resulting in their growth restriction and decreases in their yield and quality. Therefore, people have found many ways to regulate the growth and quality of vegetable crops. In recent years, in addition to the role that JA plays in stress response and resistance, it has been found to have a regulatory effect on crop quality. Therefore, this study aims to review the jasmonic acid accumulation patterns during various physiological processes and its potential role in vegetable development and quality formation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. The information provided in this manuscript sheds new light on the improvements in vegetable yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yangyang Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yahong An
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhenzhu Hu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanglong Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huaian 223003, China
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He J, Zhou Y, Geilfus CM, Cao J, Fu D, Baram S, Liu Y, Li Y. Enhancing tomato fruit antioxidant potential through hydrogen nanobubble irrigation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae111. [PMID: 38898962 PMCID: PMC11186064 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Eating fruits and vegetables loaded with natural antioxidants can boost human health considerably and help fight off diseases linked to oxidative stress. Hydrogen has unique antioxidant effects. However, its low-solubility and fast-diffusion has limited its applications in agriculture. Integration of hydrogen with nanobubble technology could address such problems. However, the physiological adaptation and response mechanism of crops to hydrogen nanobubbles is still poorly understood. Antioxidant concentrations of lycopene, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and resveratrol in hydrogen nanobubble water drip-irrigated tomato fruits increased by 16.3-264.8% and 2.2-19.8%, respectively, compared to underground water and oxygen nanobubble water. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were combined to investigate the regulatory mechanisms that differed from the controls. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed differences in the abundances of genes responsible for hormonal control, hydrogenase genes, and necessary synthetic metabolites of antioxidants, which helped to clarify the observed improvements in antioxidants. This is the first case of hydrogen nanobubble water irrigation increasing numerous natural antioxidant parts in fruits. Considering the characteristics of hydrogen and the application of the nanobubble technology in agriculture, the findings of the present study could facilitate the understanding of the potential effects of hydrogen on biological processes and the mechanisms of action on plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Hessen 65366, Germany
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shahar Baram
- Institute for Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Yanzheng Liu
- Department of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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9
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Li W, Liu W, Xu Z, Zhu C, Han D, Liao J, Li K, Tang X, Xie Q, Yang C, Lai J. Heat-induced SUMOylation differentially affects bacterial effectors in plant cells. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2103-2116. [PMID: 38445983 PMCID: PMC11132898 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens deliver effectors into host cells to suppress immunity. How host cells target these effectors is critical in pathogen-host interactions. SUMOylation, an important type of posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells, plays a critical role in immunity, but its effect on bacterial effectors remains unclear in plant cells. In this study, using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we found that at least 16 effectors from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 are SUMOylated by the enzyme cascade from Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation of SUMOylation sites on the effector HopB1 enhances its function in the induction of plant cell death via stability attenuation of a plant receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1)-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1. By contrast, SUMOylation is essential for the function of another effector, HopG1, in the inhibition of mitochondria activity and jasmonic acid signaling. SUMOylation of both HopB1 and HopG1 is increased by heat treatment, and this modification modulates the functions of these 2 effectors in different ways in the regulation of plant survival rates, gene expression, and bacterial infection under high temperatures. Therefore, the current work on the SUMOylation of effectors in plant cells improves our understanding of the function of dynamic protein modifications in plant-pathogen interactions in response to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zewei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengluo Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danlu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Chen S, Zhang L, Ma Q, Chen M, Cao X, Zhao S, Zhang X. Jasmonate ZIM Domain Protein ( JAZ) Gene SLJAZ15 Increases Resistance to Orobanche aegyptiaca in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1493. [PMID: 38891302 PMCID: PMC11174562 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. is a holoparasitic plant that severely reduces tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in China. However, there is a lack of effective control methods and few known sources of genetic resistance. In this study, we focused on key genes in the JAZ family, comparing the JAZ family in Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) to the tomato genome. After identifying the JAZ family members in S. lycopersicum, we performed chromosomal localization and linear analysis with phylogenetic relationship analysis of the JAZ family. We also analyzed the gene structure of the JAZ gene family members in tomato and the homology of the JAZ genes among the different species to study their relatedness. The key genes for O. aegyptiaca resistance were identified using VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing), and the parasitization rate of silenced tomato plants against O. aegyptiaca increased by 47.23-91.13%. The genes were localized in the nucleus by subcellular localization. Heterologous overexpression in A. thaliana showed that the key gene had a strong effect on the parasitization process of O. aegyptiaca, and the overexpression of the key gene reduced the parasitization rate of O. aegyptiaca 1.69-fold. Finally, it was found that the SLJAZ15 gene can positively regulate the hormone content in tomato plants and affect plant growth and development, further elucidating the function of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.C.); (L.Z.); (Q.M.); (M.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuekun Zhang
- Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.C.); (L.Z.); (Q.M.); (M.C.); (X.C.)
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11
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ajayi O, Zelinsky E, Anderson CT. A core of cell wall proteins functions in wall integrity responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e579. [PMID: 38576997 PMCID: PMC10987976 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell walls surround all plant cells, and their composition and structure are tightly regulated to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. In response to wall damage, the cell wall integrity (CWI) system is engaged to ameliorate effects on plant growth. Despite the central role CWI plays in plant development, our current understanding of how this system functions at the molecular level is limited. Here, we investigated the transcriptomes of etiolated seedlings of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with defects in three major wall polysaccharides, pectin (quasimodo2), cellulose (cellulose synthase3 je5), and xyloglucan (xyloglucan xylosyltransferase1 and 2), to probe whether changes in the expression of cell wall-related genes occur and are similar or different when specific wall components are reduced or missing. Many changes occurred in the transcriptomes of pectin- and cellulose-deficient plants, but fewer changes occurred in the transcriptomes of xyloglucan-deficient plants. We hypothesize that this might be because pectins interact with other wall components and/or integrity sensors, whereas cellulose forms a major load-bearing component of the wall; defects in either appear to trigger the expression of structural proteins to maintain wall cohesion in the absence of a major polysaccharide. This core set of genes functioning in CWI in plants represents an attractive target for future genetic engineering of robust and resilient cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi Ajayi
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and FormationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ellen Zelinsky
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and FormationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles T. Anderson
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and FormationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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13
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Ma QH. Lignin Biosynthesis and Its Diversified Roles in Disease Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:295. [PMID: 38540353 PMCID: PMC10969841 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is complex, three-dimensional biopolymer existing in plant cell wall. Lignin biosynthesis is increasingly highlighted because it is closely related to the wide applications in agriculture and industry productions, including in pulping process, forage digestibility, bio-fuel, and carbon sequestration. The functions of lignin in planta have also attracted more attentions recently, particularly in plant defense response against different pathogens. In this brief review, the progress in lignin biosynthesis is discussed, and the lignin's roles in disease resistance are thoroughly elucidated. This issue will help in developing broad-spectrum resistant crops in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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14
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Im JH, Son S, Kim WC, Kim K, Mitsuda N, Ko JH, Han KH. Jasmonate activates secondary cell wall biosynthesis through MYC2-MYB46 module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1099-1114. [PMID: 37983636 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of secondary cell wall (SCW) is tightly regulated spatiotemporally by various developmental and environmental signals. Successful fine-tuning of the trade-off between SCW biosynthesis and stress responses requires a better understanding of how plant growth is regulated under environmental stress conditions. However, the current understanding of the interplay between environmental signaling and SCW formation is limited. The lipid-derived plant hormone jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are important signaling components involved in various physiological processes including plant growth, development, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies suggest that JA is involved in SCW formation but the signaling pathway has not been studied for how JA regulates SCW formation. We tested this hypothesis using the transcription factor MYB46, a master switch for SCW biosynthesis, and JA treatments. Both the transcript and protein levels of MYB46, a master switch for SCW formation, were significantly increased by JA treatment, resulting in the upregulation of SCW biosynthesis. We then show that this JA-induced upregulation of MYB46 is mediated by MYC2, a central regulator of JA signaling, which binds to the promoter of MYB46. We conclude that this MYC2-MYB46 module is a key component of the plant response to JA in SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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15
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Ogden M, Whitcomb SJ, Khan GA, Roessner U, Hoefgen R, Persson S. Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben causes nutrient-dependent and tissue-specific Arabidopsis phenotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:612-617. [PMID: 37823413 PMCID: PMC10828196 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogden
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Sarah J Whitcomb
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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16
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Entila F, Han X, Mine A, Schulze-Lefert P, Tsuda K. Commensal lifestyle regulated by a negative feedback loop between Arabidopsis ROS and the bacterial T2SS. Nat Commun 2024; 15:456. [PMID: 38212332 PMCID: PMC10784570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the plant health-promoting effects of plant microbiota, these assemblages also comprise potentially detrimental microbes. How plant immunity controls its microbiota to promote plant health under these conditions remains largely unknown. We find that commensal bacteria isolated from healthy Arabidopsis plants trigger diverse patterns of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production dependent on the immune receptors and completely on the NADPH oxidase RBOHD that selectively inhibited specific commensals, notably Xanthomonas L148. Through random mutagenesis, we find that L148 gspE, encoding a type II secretion system (T2SS) component, is required for the damaging effects of Xanthomonas L148 on rbohD mutant plants. In planta bacterial transcriptomics reveals that RBOHD suppresses most T2SS gene expression including gspE. L148 colonization protected plants against a bacterial pathogen, when gspE was inhibited by ROS or mutation. Thus, a negative feedback loop between Arabidopsis ROS and the bacterial T2SS tames a potentially detrimental leaf commensal and turns it into a microbe beneficial to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederickson Entila
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Akira Mine
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China.
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17
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Pfeilmeier S, Werz A, Ote M, Bortfeld-Miller M, Kirner P, Keppler A, Hemmerle L, Gäbelein CG, Petti GC, Wolf S, Pestalozzi CM, Vorholt JA. Leaf microbiome dysbiosis triggered by T2SS-dependent enzyme secretion from opportunistic Xanthomonas pathogens. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:136-149. [PMID: 38172620 PMCID: PMC10769872 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In healthy plants, the innate immune system contributes to maintenance of microbiota homoeostasis, while disease can be associated with microbiome perturbation or dysbiosis, and enrichment of opportunistic plant pathogens like Xanthomonas. It is currently unclear whether the microbiota change occurs independently of the opportunistic pathogens or is caused by the latter. Here we tested if protein export through the type-2 secretion system (T2SS) by Xanthomonas causes microbiome dysbiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana in immunocompromised plants. We found that Xanthomonas strains secrete a cocktail of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes that promote Xanthomonas growth during infection. Disease severity and leaf tissue degradation were increased in A. thaliana mutants lacking the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Experiments with gnotobiotic plants, synthetic bacterial communities and wild-type or T2SS-mutant Xanthomonas revealed that virulence and leaf microbiome composition are controlled by the T2SS. Overall, a compromised immune system in plants can enrich opportunistic pathogens, which damage leaf tissues and ultimately cause microbiome dysbiosis by facilitating growth of specific commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfeilmeier
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anja Werz
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marine Ote
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Kirner
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lucas Hemmerle
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sarah Wolf
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Truong TTT, Chiu CC, Su PY, Chen JY, Nguyen TP, Ohme-Takagi M, Lee RH, Cheng WH, Huang HJ. Signaling pathways involved in microbial indoor air pollutant 3-methyl-1-butanol in the induction of stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7556-7568. [PMID: 38165546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution is a global problem and one of the main stress factors that has negative effects on plant and human health. 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB), an indoor air pollutant, is a microbial volatile organic compound (mVOC) commonly found in damp indoor dwellings. In this study, we reported that 1 mg/L of 3MB can elicit a significant reduction in the stomatal aperture ratio in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Our results also showed that 3MB enhances the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells of wild-type Arabidopsis after 24 h exposure. Further investigation of 24 h 3MB fumigation of rbohD, the1-1, mkk1, mkk3, and nced3 mutants revealed that ROS production, cell wall integrity, MAPK kinases cascade, and phytohormone abscisic acid are all involved in the process of 3MB-induced stomatal. Our findings proposed a mechanism by which 3MB regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbial indoor air pollutant induces stomatal closure is critical for modulating the intake of harmful gases from indoor environments into leaves. Investigations into how stomata respond to the indoor mVOC 3MB will shed light on the plant's "self-defense" system responding to indoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Trinh Thi Truong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Technology, The University of Danang-Campus in Kontum, No. 704 Phan Dinh Phung, Kontum, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Chou Chiu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tri-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hua Lee
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Rd, Nangang District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan, Taiwan.
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19
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Liu X, Ma Z, Tran TM, Rautengarten C, Cheng Y, Yang L, Ebert B, Persson S, Miao Y. Balanced callose and cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis quorum-sensing signaling and pattern-triggered immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:137-152. [PMID: 37647538 PMCID: PMC10756761 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall (CW) is one of the most important physical barriers that phytopathogens must conquer to invade their hosts. This barrier is a dynamic structure that responds to pathogen infection through a complex network of immune receptors, together with CW-synthesizing and CW-degrading enzymes. Callose deposition in the primary CW is a well-known physical response to pathogen infection. Notably, callose and cellulose biosynthesis share an initial substrate, UDP-glucose, which is the main load-bearing component of the CW. However, how these 2 critical biosynthetic processes are balanced during plant-pathogen interactions remains unclear. Here, using 2 different pathogen-derived molecules, bacterial flagellin (flg22) and the diffusible signal factor (DSF) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, we show a negative correlation between cellulose and callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). By quantifying the abundance of callose and cellulose under DSF or flg22 elicitation and characterizing the dynamics of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these 2 polymers, we show that the balance of these 2 CW components is mediated by the activity of a β-1,3-glucanase (BG2). Our data demonstrate balanced cellulose and callose biosynthesis during plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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20
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Quinn O, Kumar M, Turner S. The role of lipid-modified proteins in cell wall synthesis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:51-66. [PMID: 37682865 PMCID: PMC10756762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic extracellular matrix. Plant primary cell walls are the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate cell expansion. Specialized cells deposit a secondary cell wall that provides support and permits water transport. The composition and organization of the cell wall varies between cell types and species, contributing to the extensibility, stiffness, and hydrophobicity required for its proper function. Recently, many of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis, maintenance, and remodeling of the cell wall have been identified as being post-translationally modified with lipids. These modifications exhibit diverse structures and attach to proteins at different sites, which defines the specific role played by each lipid modification. The introduction of relatively hydrophobic lipid moieties promotes the interaction of proteins with membranes and can act as sorting signals, allowing targeted delivery to the plasma membrane regions and secretion into the apoplast. Disruption of lipid modification results in aberrant deposition of cell wall components and defective cell wall remodeling in response to stresses, demonstrating the essential nature of these modifications. Although much is known about which proteins bear lipid modifications, many questions remain regarding the contribution of lipid-driven membrane domain localization and lipid heterogeneity to protein function in cell wall metabolism. In this update, we highlight the contribution of lipid modifications to proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of plant cell walls, with a focus on the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, N-myristoylation, prenylation, and S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Quinn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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21
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Soni N, Bacete L. The interplay between cell wall integrity and cell cycle progression in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:367-382. [PMID: 38091166 PMCID: PMC10730644 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that play crucial roles in growth, development, and stress responses. Despite our growing understanding of cell wall biology, the connections between cell wall integrity (CWI) and cell cycle progression in plants remain poorly understood. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between CWI and cell cycle progression in plants, drawing insights from studies in yeast and mammals. We provide an overview of the plant cell cycle, highlight the role of endoreplication in cell wall composition, and discuss recent findings on the molecular mechanisms linking CWI perception to cell wall biosynthesis and gene expression regulation. Furthermore, we address future perspectives and unanswered questions in the field, such as the identification of specific CWI sensing mechanisms and the role of CWI maintenance in the growth-defense trade-off. Elucidating these connections could have significant implications for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Soni
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laura Bacete
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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23
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Traxler C, Gaines TA, Küpper A, Luemmen P, Dayan FE. The nexus between reactive oxygen species and the mechanism of action of herbicides. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105267. [PMID: 37734554 PMCID: PMC10591016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbicides are small molecules that act by inhibiting specific molecular target sites within primary plant metabolic pathways resulting in catastrophic and lethal consequences. The stress induced by herbicides generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), but little is known about the nexus between each herbicide mode of action (MoA) and their respective ability to induce ROS formation. Indeed, some herbicides cause dramatic surges in ROS levels as part of their primary MoA, whereas other herbicides may generate some ROS as a secondary effect of the stress they imposed on plants. In this review, we discuss the types of ROS and their respective reactivity and describe their involvement for each known MoA based on the new Herbicide Resistance Action Committee classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Traxler
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anita Küpper
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Bayer CropScience, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter Luemmen
- Research & Development Division, Bayer AG, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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24
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Truong TTT, Chiu CC, Chen JY, Su PY, Nguyen TP, Trinh NN, Mimura T, Lee RH, Chang CH, Huang HJ. Uncovering molecular mechanisms involved in microbial volatile compounds-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:143-155. [PMID: 37985583 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial volatile compounds (mVCs) may cause stomatal closure to limit pathogen invasion as part of plant innate immune response. However, the mechanisms of mVC-induced stomatal closure remain unclear. In this study, we co-cultured Enterobacter aerogenes with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings without direct contact to initiate stomatal closure. Experiments using the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive fluorescent dye, H2DCF-DA, showed that mVCs from E. aerogenes enhanced ROS production in guard cells of wild-type plants. The involvement of ROS in stomatal closure was then demonstrated in an ROS production mutant (rbohD). In addition, we identified two stages of signal transduction during E. aerogenes VC-induced stomatal closure by comparing the response of wild-type Arabidopsis with a panel of mutants. In the early stage (3 h exposure), E. aerogenes VCs induced stomatal closure in wild-type and receptor-like kinase THESEUS1 mutant (the1-1) but not in rbohD, plant hormone-related mutants (nced3, erf4, jar1-1), or MAPK kinase mutants (mkk1 and mkk3). However, in the late stage (24 h exposure), E. aerogenes VCs induced stomatal closure in wild-type and rbohD but not in nced3, erf4, jar1-1, the1-1, mkk1 or mkk3. Taken together, our results suggest that E. aerogenes mVC-induced plant immune responses modulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis by a multi-phase mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Trinh Thi Truong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Faculty of Technology, The University of Danang-Campus in Kontum, The University of Danang, Kon Tum City, 580000, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Chou Chiu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tri-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc-Nam Trinh
- Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, No. 12, Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Ruey-Hua Lee
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Chang
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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25
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Tyagi A, Ali S, Park S, Bae H. Deciphering the role of mechanosensitive channels in plant root biology: perception, signaling, and adaptive responses. PLANTA 2023; 258:105. [PMID: 37878056 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Mechanosensitive channels are integral membrane proteins that rapidly translate extrinsic or intrinsic mechanical tensions into biological responses. They can serve as potential candidates for developing smart-resilient crops with efficient root systems. Mechanosensitive (MS) calcium channels are molecular switches for mechanoperception and signal transduction in all living organisms. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding mechanoperception and signal transduction in bacteria and animals, this remains largely unknown in plants. However, identification and validation of MS channels such as Mid1-complementing activity channels (MCAs), mechanosensitive-like channels (MSLs), and Piezo channels (PIEZO) has been the most significant discovery in plant mechanobiology, providing novel insights into plant mechanoperception. This review summarizes recent advances in root mechanobiology, focusing on MS channels and their related signaling players, such as calcium ions (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phytohormones. Despite significant advances in understanding the role of Ca2+ signaling in root biology, little is known about the involvement of MS channel-driven Ca2+ and ROS signaling. Additionally, the hotspots connecting the upstream and downstream signaling of MS channels remain unclear. In light of this, we discuss the present knowledge of MS channels in root biology and their role in root developmental and adaptive traits. We also provide a model highlighting upstream (cell wall sensors) and downstream signaling players, viz., Ca2+, ROS, and hormones, connected with MS channels. Furthermore, we highlighted the importance of emerging signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and neurotransmitters (NTs), and their association with root mechanoperception. Finally, we conclude with future directions and knowledge gaps that warrant further research to decipher the complexity of root mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Schulz K, Machaj G, Knox P, Hancock RD, Verrall SR, Korpinen R, Saranpää P, Kärkönen A, Karpinska B, Foyer CH. Restraining Quiescence Release-Related Ageing in Plant Cells: A Case Study in Carrot. Cells 2023; 12:2465. [PMID: 37887309 PMCID: PMC10605352 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blackening of cut carrots causes substantial economic losses to the food industry. Blackening was not observed in carrots that had been stored underground for less than a year, but the susceptibility to blackening increased with the age of the carrots that were stored underground for longer periods. Samples of black, border, and orange tissues from processed carrot batons and slices, prepared under industry standard conditions, were analyzed to identify the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underpinning processing-induced blackening. The black tissues showed substantial molecular and metabolic rewiring and large changes in the cell wall structure, with a decreased abundance of xyloglucan, pectins (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, galactan and arabinan), and higher levels of lignin and other phenolic compounds when compared to orange tissues. Metabolite profiling analysis showed that there was a major shift from primary to secondary metabolism in the black tissues, which were depleted in sugars, amino acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates but were rich in phenolic compounds. These findings suggest that processing triggers a release from quiescence. Transcripts encoding proteins associated with secondary metabolism were less abundant in the black tissues, but there were no increases in transcripts associated with oxidative stress responses, programmed cell death, or senescence. We conclude that restraining quiescence release alters cell wall metabolism and composition, particularly regarding pectin composition, in a manner that increases susceptibility to blackening upon processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Schulz
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Gabriela Machaj
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Robert D. Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Susan R. Verrall
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 1BE, UK;
| | - Risto Korpinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.K.); (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Pekka Saranpää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.K.); (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.K.); (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
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27
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. ROS interplay between plant growth and stress biology: Challenges and future perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108032. [PMID: 37757722 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as a multifunctional signaling molecules that modulate diverse stress and growth responses. Earlier studies on ROS in plants primarily focused on its toxicity and ROS-scavenging processes, but recent findings are offering new insights on its role in signal perception and transduction. Further, the interaction of cell wall receptors, calcium channels, HATPase, protein kinases, and hormones with NADPH oxidases (respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), provides concrete evidence that ROS regulates major signaling cascades in different cellular compartments related to stress and growth responses. However, at the molecular level there are many knowledge gaps regarding how these players influence ROS signaling and how ROS regulate them during growth and stress events. Furthermore, little is known about how plant sensors or receptors detect ROS under various environmental stresses and induce subsequent signaling cascades. In light of this, we provided an update on the role of ROS signaling in plant growth and stress biology. First, we focused on ROS signaling, its production and regulation by cell wall receptor like kinases. Next, we discussed the interplay between ROS, calcium and hormones, which forms a major signaling trio regulatory network of signal perception and transduction. We also provided an overview on ROS and nitric oxide (NO) crosstalk. Furthermore, we emphasized the function of ROS signaling in biotic, abiotic and mechanical stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. Finally, we conclude by highlighting challenges and future perspectives of ROS signaling in plants that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zhao X, Jiang X, Li Z, Song Q, Xu C, Luo K. Jasmonic acid regulates lignin deposition in poplar through JAZ5-MYB/NAC interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232880. [PMID: 37546258 PMCID: PMC10401599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone involved in plant defense, growth, and development, etc. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying JA-mediated lignin deposition and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that JA can inhibit lignin deposition and SCW thickening in poplar trees through exogenous MeJA treatment and observation of the phenotypes of a JA synthesis mutant, opdat1. Hence, we identified a JA signal inhibitor PtoJAZ5, belonging to the TIFY gene family, which is involved in the regulation of secondary vascular development of Populus tomentosa. RT-qPCR and GUS staining revealed that PtoJAZ5 was highly expressed in poplar stems, particularly in developing xylem. Overexpression of PtoJAZ5 inhibited SCW thickening and down-regulated the expression of SCW biosynthesis-related genes. Further biochemical analysis showed that PtoJAZ5 interacted with multiple SCW switches NAC/MYB transcription factors, including MYB3 and WND6A, through yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementation experiments. Transcriptional activation assays demonstrated that MYB3-PtoJAZ5 and WND6A-PtoJAZ5 complexes regulated the expression of lignin synthetic genes. Our results suggest that PtoJAZ5 plays a negative role in JA-induced lignin deposition and SCW thickening in poplar and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying JA-mediated regulation of SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changzhen Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Yue F, Zheng F, Li Q, Mei J, Shu C, Qian W. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Points to the Biological Processes of Hybrid Incompatibility between Brassica napus and B. oleracea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2622. [PMID: 37514237 PMCID: PMC10384443 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Improving Brassica napus via introgression of the genome components from its parental species, B. oleracea and B. rapa, is an important breeding strategy. Interspecific hybridization between B. napus and B. rapa is compatible with high rate of survival ovules, while the hybridization between B. napus and B. oleracea is incompatible with the high occurrence of embryo abortion. To understand the diverse embryo fate in the two interspecific hybridizations, here, the siliques of B. napus pollinated with B. oleracea (AE) and B. rapa (NE) were employed for transcriptome sequencing at 8 and 16 days after pollination. Compared to NE and the parental line of B. napus, more specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1274 and 1698) were obtained in AE and the parental line of B. napus at 8 and 16 days after pollination (DAP). These numbers were 51 and 5.8 times higher than the number of specific DEGs in NE and parental line of B. napus at 8 and 16 DAP, respectively, suggesting more complex transcriptional changes in AE. Most of DEGs in the terms of cell growth and cell wall formation exhibited down-regulated expression patterns (96(down)/131(all) in AE8, 174(down)/235(all) in AE16), while most of DEGs in the processes of photosynthesis, photorespiration, peroxisome, oxidative stress, and systemic acquired resistance exhibited up-regulated expression patterns (222(up)/304(all) in AE8, 214(up)/287(all) in AE16). This is in accordance with a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the siliques of B. napus pollinated with B. oleracea. Our data suggest that the disorder of plant hormone metabolism, retardation of cell morphogenesis, and the accumulation of ROS may be associated with hybrid incompatibility between B. napus and B. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yue
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fajing Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinfei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaqin Mei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunlei Shu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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30
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Qi J, Yang S, Salam A, Yang C, Khan AR, Wu J, Azhar W, Gan Y. OsRbohI Regulates Rice Growth and Development via Jasmonic Acid Signalling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:686-699. [PMID: 37036744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules, generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases encoded by respiratory burst oxidase homologs. The functions of the OsRbohs gene family in rice are diverse and poorly understood. OsRbohI was recently identified as a newly evolved gene in the rice OsRbohs gene family. However, the function of OsRbohI in regulating rice growth is not yet reported. In this study, our results indicate that knockout (KO) OsRbohI mutants showed significantly shorter shoot and primary roots, along with lower ROS content than the control lines, whereas the overexpression (OE) lines displayed contrasting results. Further experiments showed that the abnormal length of the shoot and root is mainly caused by altered cell size. These results indicate that OsRbohI regulates rice shoot and root growth through the ROS signal. More importantly, RNA-seq analysis and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment demonstrated that OsRbohI regulates rice growth via the JA synthesis and signaling pathways. Compared with the control, the results showed that the KO mutants were more sensitive to JA, whereas the OE lines were less sensitive to JA. Collectively, our results reveal a novel pathway in which OsRbohI regulates rice growth and development by affecting their ROS homeostasis through JA synthesis and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Qi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wardah Azhar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Shin SY, Lee CM, Kim HS, Kim C, Jeon JH, Lee HJ. Ethylene signals modulate the survival of Arabidopsis leaf explants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37237253 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf explants are major materials in plant tissue cultures. Incubation of detached leaves on phytohormone-containing media, which is an important process for producing calli and regenerating plants, change their cell fate. Although hormone signaling pathways related to cell fate transition have been widely studied, other molecular and physiological events occurring in leaf explants during this process remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we identified that ethylene signals modulate expression of pathogen resistance genes and anthocyanin accumulation in leaf explants, affecting their survival during culture. Anthocyanins accumulated in leaf explants, but were not observed near the wound site. Ethylene signaling mutant analysis revealed that ethylene signals are active and block anthocyanin accumulation in the wound site. Moreover, expression of defense-related genes increased, particularly near the wound site, implying that ethylene induces defense responses possibly by blocking pathogenesis via wounding. We also found that anthocyanin accumulation in non-wounded regions is required for drought resistance in leaf explants. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the key roles of ethylene in the regulation of defense gene expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf explants. Our results suggest a survival strategy of detached leaves, which can be applied to improve the longevity of explants during tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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32
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Bai Q, Niu Z, Chen Q, Gao C, Zhu M, Bai J, Liu M, He L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wan D. The C 2 H 2 -type zinc finger transcription factor OSIC1 positively regulates stomatal closure under osmotic stress in poplar. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:943-960. [PMID: 36632734 PMCID: PMC10106854 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt and drought impair plant osmotic homeostasis and greatly limit plant growth and development. Plants decrease stomatal aperture to reduce water loss and maintain osmotic homeostasis, leading to improved stress tolerance. Herein, we identified the C2 H2 transcription factor gene OSMOTIC STRESS INDUCED C2 H2 1 (OSIC1) from Populus alba var. pyramidalis to be induced by salt, drought, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of OSIC1 conferred transgenic poplar more tolerance to high salinity, drought and PEG6000 treatment by reducing stomatal aperture, while its mutant generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, OSIC1 directly up-regulates PalCuAOζ in vitro and in vivo, encoding a copper-containing polyamine oxidase, to enhance H2 O2 accumulation in guard cells and thus modulates stomatal closure when stresses occur. Additionally, ABA-, drought- and salt-induced PalMPK3 phosphorylates OSIC1 to increase its transcriptional activity to PalCuAOζ. This regulation of OSIC1 at the transcriptional and protein levels guarantees rapid stomatal closure when poplar responds to osmotic stress. Our results revealed a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism of H2 O2 production in guard cells mediated by the OSIC1-PalCuAOζ module. These findings deepen our understanding of how perennial woody plants, like poplar, respond to osmotic stress caused by salt and drought and provide potential targets for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of PharmacologyNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Zhimin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qingyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Mingjia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiexian Bai
- College of Computer Information Engineering,Shanxi Technology and Business CollegeTaiyuanChina
| | - Meijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ling He
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yuanzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Bio‐resources and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Lepri A, Longo C, Messore A, Kazmi H, Madia VN, Di Santo R, Costi R, Vittorioso P. Plants and Small Molecules: An Up-and-Coming Synergy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1729. [PMID: 37111951 PMCID: PMC10145415 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system has led to a rapid and wide improvement in molecular genetics techniques for studying gene function and regulation. However, there are still several drawbacks that cannot be easily solved with molecular genetic approaches, such as the study of unfriendly species, which are of increasing agronomic interest but are not easily transformed, thus are not prone to many molecular techniques. Chemical genetics represents a methodology able to fill this gap. Chemical genetics lies between chemistry and biology and relies on small molecules to phenocopy genetic mutations addressing specific targets. Advances in recent decades have greatly improved both target specificity and activity, expanding the application of this approach to any biological process. As for classical genetics, chemical genetics also proceeds with a forward or reverse approach depending on the nature of the study. In this review, we addressed this topic in the study of plant photomorphogenesis, stress responses and epigenetic processes. We have dealt with some cases of repurposing compounds whose activity has been previously proven in human cells and, conversely, studies where plants have been a tool for the characterization of small molecules. In addition, we delved into the chemical synthesis and improvement of some of the compounds described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lepri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - C. Longo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - A. Messore
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - H. Kazmi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - V. N. Madia
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - R. Di Santo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - R. Costi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - P. Vittorioso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
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Chen Q, Qu M, Chen Q, Meng X, Fan H. Phosphoproteomics analysis of the effect of target of rapamycin kinase inhibition on Cucumis sativus in response to Podosphaera xanthii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107641. [PMID: 36940522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved sensor of cell growth in yeasts, plants, and mammals. Despite the extensive research on the TOR complex in various biological processes, large-scale phosphoproteomics analysis of TOR phosphorylation events upon environmental stress are scarce. Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii poses a major threat to the quality and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Previous studies concluded that TOR participated in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Hence, studying the underlying mechanism of TOR-P. xanthii infection is particularly important. In this study, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics studies of Cucumis against P. xanthii attack under AZD-8055 (TOR inhibitor) pretreatment. A total of 3384 phosphopeptides were identified from the 1699 phosphoproteins. The Motif-X analysis showed high sensitivity and specificity of serine sites under AZD-8055-treatment or P. xanthii stress, and TOR exhibited a unique preference for proline at +1 position and glycine at -1 position to enhance the phosphorylation response to P. xanthii. The functional analysis suggested that the unique responses were attributed to proteins related to plant hormone signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade signaling, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and circadian rhythm; and calcium signaling- and defense response-related proteins. Our results provided rich resources for understanding the molecular mechanism of how the TOR kinase controlled plant growth and stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mengqi Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qinglei Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Fruit Vegetables of Shenyang, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Fruit Vegetables of Shenyang, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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35
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Jiang X, Zhou W, Wang H, You J, Liu W, Zhang M. TMT-Based Proteomic Analysis of Continuous Cropping Response in Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030765. [PMID: 36983920 PMCID: PMC10052164 DOI: 10.3390/life13030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of Codonopsis tangshen, an important herb used in Chinese traditional medicine, have been seriously affected by continuous cropping obstacles. Therefore, understanding the molecular responses of C. tangshen to continuous cropping is imperative to improve its resistance to continuous cropping obstacles. Here, physiological and biochemical results showed that the levels of chlorophyll and malonaldehyde (MDA) were higher in the continuous cropping (LZ) group compared with those of the non-continuous cropping (FLZ) group, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was lower in the LZ group than in the FLZ group. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the response mechanism to continuous cropping obstacles in C. tangshen. A total of 70 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were significantly involved in relevant pathways, including photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome activity, and secondary metabolites. The results suggest that these DEPs in C. tangshen might play a critical role in response to continuous cropping. These findings could provide scientific basis for improving C. tangshen’s resistance to continuous cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Wuxian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jinwen You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Wenlu Liu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Meide Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-9776-7016
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36
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Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044054. [PMID: 36835462 PMCID: PMC9961072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls are essential structures for plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Thus, plants have evolved signaling mechanisms to monitor the changes in the cell wall structure, triggering compensatory changes to sustain cell wall integrity (CWI). CWI signaling can be initiated in response to environmental and developmental signals. However, while environmental stress-associated CWI signaling has been extensively studied and reviewed, less attention has been paid to CWI signaling in relation to plant growth and development under normal conditions. Fleshy fruit development and ripening is a unique process in which dramatic alternations occur in cell wall architecture. Emerging evidence suggests that CWI signaling plays a pivotal role in fruit ripening. In this review, we summarize and discuss the CWI signaling in relation to fruit ripening, which will include cell wall fragment signaling, calcium signaling, and NO signaling, as well as Receptor-Like Protein Kinase (RLKs) signaling with an emphasis on the signaling of FERONIA and THESEUS, two members of RLKs that may act as potential CWI sensors in the modulation of hormonal signal origination and transduction in fruit development and ripening.
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37
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Qian C, Ji Z, Sun Y, Zhang M, Kan J, Xiao L, Liu J, Jin C, Yang W, Qi X. Lignin Biosynthesis in Postharvest Water Bamboo ( Zizania latifolia) Shoots during Cold Storage Is Regulated by RBOH-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3201-3209. [PMID: 36762739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignification is a major cause of senescence in fresh shoots of water bamboo (Zizania latifolia), which is a popular vegetable in southeast Asia; however, its physiological and molecular mechanisms is less understood. In the present study, lignin content and transcriptome change in postharvested water bamboo shoots under cold storage were investigated. We found that lignin significantly accumulated in the epidermis of the shoots with the increase of firmness. In the cold storage shoots, the major up-regulated genes were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The lignin biosynthesis genes PAL, 4CL, C4H, CCoAOMT, CCR, F5H, CAD, and POD family were up-regulated during cold storage, while HCT and C3H were down-regulated. The MAPK signaling pathway was also up-regulated and respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH) genes were strongly up-regulated. Therefore, we investigated the RBOH gene family and their expression profile in water bamboo shoots. The results indicated that 10 ZlRBOHs were up-regulated in cold storage shoots. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), an inhibitor of RBOH oxidase, significantly inhibited the expression of genes involved in lignin deposition and biosynthesis, while H2O2 enhanced these processes. These results suggest that lignification of water bamboo shoots is regulated by RBOH-mediated ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Qian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zhengjie Ji
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Juan Kan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Lixia Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wenfei Yang
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Area of Jiangsu, Huaian 223001, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
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38
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McNeil CJ, Araujo K, Godfrey K, Slupsky CM. Metabolite Signature and Differential Expression of Genes in Washington Navel Oranges ( Citrus sinensis) Infected by Spiroplasma citri. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:299-308. [PMID: 35984373 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0177-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spiroplasma citri is the pathogen that causes citrus stubborn disease (CSD). Infection of citrus with S. citri has been shown to cause leaf mottling, reduce fruit yield, and stunt tree growth. Fruit from trees exhibiting symptoms of CSD are misshapen and discolored. The symptoms of CSD are easily confused with nutrient deficiencies or symptoms of citrus greening disease. In this study, young Washington navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) were graft-inoculated with budwood originating from trees confirmed to be infected with S. citri. Leaf samples were collected monthly for 10 months for metabolomics and differential gene expression analyses. Significant differences in the concentration of metabolites and expressed genes were observed between control and S. citri-infected trees throughout the experiment. Metabolites and genes associated with important defense and stress pathways, including jasmonic acid signaling, cell wall modification, amino acid biosynthesis, and the production of antioxidant and antimicrobial secondary metabolites, were impacted by S. citri throughout the study, and even prior to symptom development. This work fills a current gap in knowledge surrounding the pathogenicity of S. citri and provides an updated mechanistic explanation for the development of CSD symptoms in S. citri-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J McNeil
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Karla Araujo
- Contained Research Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Kristine Godfrey
- Contained Research Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Woolfson KN, Zhurov V, Wu T, Kaberi KM, Wu S, Bernards MA. Transcriptomic analysis of wound-healing in Solanum tuberosum (potato) tubers: Evidence for a stepwise induction of suberin-associated genes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113529. [PMID: 36473515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Suberin deposition involves both phenolic and aliphatic polymer biosynthesis and deposition in the same tissue. Therefore, any consideration of exploiting suberin for crop enhancement (e.g., enhanced storage, soil borne disease resistance) requires knowledge of both phenolic and aliphatic component biosynthesis and their coordinated, temporal deposition. In the present study, we use a wound-healing potato tuber system to explore global transcriptome changes during the early stages of wound-healing. Wounding leads to initial and substantial transcriptional changes that follow distinctive temporal patterns - primary metabolic pathways were already functional, or up-regulated immediately, and maintained at levels that would allow for precursor carbon skeletons and energy to feed into downstream metabolic processes. Genes involved in pathways for phenolic production (i.e., the shikimate pathway and phenylpropanoid metabolism) were up-regulated early while those involved in aliphatic suberin production (i.e., fatty acid biosynthesis and modification) were transcribed later into the time course. The pattern of accumulation of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and degradation steps support a role for ABA in regulating aliphatic suberin production. Evaluation of putative Casparian strip membrane-like genes pinpointed wound-responsive candidates that may mediate the suberin deposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn N Woolfson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Karina M Kaberi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7.
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40
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The Key Roles of ROS and RNS as a Signaling Molecule in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020268. [PMID: 36829828 PMCID: PMC9952064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Over the past two decades, various studies have endorsed the notion that these molecules can act as intracellular and intercellular signaling molecules at a very low concentration to control plant growth and development, symbiotic association, and defense mechanisms in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, the upsurge of ROS and RNS under stressful conditions can lead to cell damage, retarded growth, and delayed development of plants. As signaling molecules, ROS and RNS have gained great attention from plant scientists and have been studied under different developmental stages of plants. However, the role of RNS and RNS signaling in plant-microbe interactions is still unknown. Different organelles of plant cells contain the enzymes necessary for the formation of ROS and RNS as well as their scavengers, and the spatial and temporal positions of these enzymes determine the signaling pathways. In the present review, we aimed to report the production of ROS and RNS, their role as signaling molecules during plant-microbe interactions, and the antioxidant system as a balancing system in the synthesis and elimination of these species.
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Casey C, Köcher T, Champion C, Jandrasits K, Mosiolek M, Bonnot C, Dolan L. Reduced coenzyme Q synthesis confers non-target site resistance to the herbicide thaxtomin A. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010423. [PMID: 36608112 PMCID: PMC9851558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbicide resistance in weeds is a growing threat to global crop production. Non-target site resistance is problematic because a single resistance allele can confer tolerance to many herbicides (cross resistance), and it is often a polygenic trait so it can be difficult to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. Most characterized molecular mechanisms of non-target site resistance are caused by gain-of-function mutations in genes from a few key gene families-the mechanisms of resistance caused by loss-of-function mutations remain unclear. In this study, we first show that the mechanism of non-target site resistance to the herbicide thaxtomin A conferred by loss-of-function of the gene PAM16 is conserved in Marchantia polymorpha, validating its use as a model species with which to study non-target site resistance. To identify mechanisms of non-target site resistance caused by loss-of-function mutations, we generated 107 UV-B mutagenized M. polymorpha spores and screened for resistance to the herbicide thaxtomin A. We isolated 13 thaxtomin A-resistant mutants and found that 3 mutants carried candidate resistance-conferring SNPs in the MpRTN4IP1L gene. Mprtn4ip1l mutants are defective in coenzyme Q biosynthesis and accumulate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than wild-type plants. Mutants are weakly resistant to thaxtomin A and cross resistant to isoxaben, suggesting that loss of MpRTN4IP1L function confers non-target site resistance. Mutants are also defective in thaxtomin A metabolism. We conclude that loss of MpRTN4IP1L function is a novel mechanism of non-target site herbicide resistance and propose that other mutations that increase ROS levels or decrease thaxtomin A metabolism could contribute to thaxtomin A resistance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Casey
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Clément Champion
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Clémence Bonnot
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Wang F, Lu T, Zhu L, Cao A, Xie S, Chen X, Shen H, Xie Q, Li R, Zhu J, Jin X, Li H. Multicopper oxidases GbAO and GbSKS are involved in the Verticillium dahliae resistance in Gossypium barbadense. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153887. [PMID: 36543064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate oxidase (AO) and skewed5 (SKU5)-similar (SKS) proteins belong to the multicopper oxidase (MCO) family and play important roles in plants in response to environmental stress via modulation of oxidoreduction homeostasis. Currently, reports on the response of Gossypium barbadense MCO to Verticillium wilt (VW) caused by Verticillium dahliae are still limited. Herein, RNA sequencing of two G. barbadense cultivars of VW-resistant XH21 and VW-susceptible XH7 under V. dahliae treatment, combined with physiological and genetic analysis, was performed to analyze the function and mechanism of multicopper oxidases GbAO and GbSKS involved in V. dahliae resistance. The identified differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in the regulation of oxidoreduction reaction, and extracellular components and signaling. Interestingly, ascorbate oxidase family members were discovered as the most significantly upregulated genes after V. dahliae treatment, including GbAO3A/D, GbSKS3A/D, and GbSKS16A/D. H2O2 and Asc contents, especially reductive Asc in both XH21 and XH7, were shown to be increased. Silenced expression of respective GbAO3A/D, GbSKS3A/D, and GbSKS16A/D in virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) cotton plants significantly decreased the resistance to V. dahliae, coupled with the reduced contents of pectin and lignin. Our results indicate that AO might be involved in cotton VW resistance via the regulation of cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Tianxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Aiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Shuangquan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Xifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China; College of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Cai J, Yang S, Liu W, Yan J, Jiang B, Xie D. A transcriptome analysis of Benincasa hispida revealed the pathways and genes involved in response to Phytophthora melonis infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1106123. [PMID: 36618646 PMCID: PMC9815465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wilt disease caused by Phytophthora melonis infection is one of the most serious threats to Benincasa hispida production. However, the mechanism of the response of B. hispida to a P. melonis infection remains largely unknown. In the present study, two B. hispida cultivars with different degrees of resistance to P. melonis were identified: B488 (a moderately resistant cultivar) and B214 (a moderately susceptible cultivar). RNA-seq was performed on P. melonis-infected B488 and B214 12 hours post infection (hpi). Compared with the control, 680 and 988 DEGs were respectively detected in B488 and B214. A KEGG pathway analysis combined with a cluster analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, the MAPK signaling pathway-plant, and plant hormone signal transduction were the most relevant pathways during the response of both B488 and B214 to P. melonis infection, as well as the differentially expressed genes in the two cultivars. In addition, a cluster analysis of transcription factor genes in DEGs identified four genes upregulated in B488 but not in B214 at 6 hpi and 12 hpi, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These were candidate genes for elucidating the mechanism of the B. hispida response to P. melonis infection and laying the foundation for the improvement of B. hispida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songguang Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dasen Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Chen X, Li N, Liu C, Wang H, Li Y, Xie Y, Ma F, Liang J, Li C. Exogenous GABA improves the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2563-2577. [PMID: 35972819 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important factor limiting apple production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exists widely in plants and participates in the response to abiotic stress as a metabolite or signaling molecule. The role of exogenous GABA in apple plants, response to long-term drought stress remains unclear. Our study confirmed that exogenous GABA affects the drought resistance of apple plants under long-term drought stress. We found that 1 mM exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress. The plants showed better growth, less reactive oxygen radical accumulation, less damage to cell membranes and greater active photosynthetic capacity. Under long-term drought stress, exogenous GABA facilitated GABA shunt, resulting in more accumulation of organic acids, namely citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, in roots and stems of apple seedlings. In addition, exogenous GABA upregulated the expression of cellulose-related genes and lignin-related genes, and activated secondary cell wall-related transcription factors to synthesize more cellulose and lignin. A multiple factorial analysis confirmed that the GABA shunt and the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin substantially contributed to the growth of apple seedlings with the application of exogenous GABA under long-term drought stress. Our results suggested that exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Yu W, Li S, Zheng B, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Zheng X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xue Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of polyethylene packing delaying lignification of Pleurotus eryngii. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 5:100117. [PMID: 35845151 PMCID: PMC9278076 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomics analysis of polyethylene (PE) on lignification of P. eryngii. Differentially expressed genes are enriched in process of lignin decomposition. PE delayed lignification by regulation of gene related to lignin metabolism. Visualization of lignin changes in P. eryngii by confocal Raman microspectroscopy.
Transcriptome analysis is important for the quality improvement of edible fungi, however, the effect of polyethylene (PE) packaging on the preservation of Pleurotus eryngii at the transcriptome level still needs to be further investigated. In order to elucidate the effect of PE on delaying lignification of P. eryngii, this study focused on exploring effects of PE on enzymes and genes involved in lignification. The results showed that PE packaging delayed the deterioration of phenotype, color difference and weight loss rate of P. eryngii, inhibited lignin and H2O2 content and maintained firmness and cellulose content. The activities of PAL, POD, 4-CL were inhibited, and more laccase expression was activated. Fifty-five differentially expressed genes associated with laccase, multifunctional peroxidase (VP), POD and 4-CL were screened from 10 d, 20 d and 30 d transcriptome data. These results show that PE could inhibit lignification of P. eryngii by up-regulating laccase and VP related genes involved in lignin decomposition and down-regulating the expression of genes involved in lignin synthesis. Meanwhile, we employed Confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) to realize lignin cell level visualization and PE could reduce lignin deposition and weaken the lignin signal bands formed. Therefore, PE can alleviate the lignification of P. eryngii during storage by regulating the expression of specific genes, advancing the understanding of lignification in postharvest P. eryngii at the molecular level, and CRM has the potential to detect the changes of P. eryngii cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Shihao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert Holley Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, 300384 Tianjin, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Ishida K, Noutoshi Y. The function of the plant cell wall in plant-microbe interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:273-284. [PMID: 36279746 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is an interface of plant-microbe interactions. The ability of microbes to decompose cell wall polysaccharides contributes to microbial pathogenicity. Plants have evolved mechanisms to prevent cell wall degradation. However, the role of the cell wall in plant-microbe interactions is not well understood. Here, we discuss four functions of the plant cell wall-physical defence, storage of antimicrobial compounds, production of cell wall-derived elicitors, and provision of carbon sources-in the context of plant-microbe interactions. In addition, we discuss the four families of cell surface receptors associated with plant cell walls (malectin-like receptor kinase family, wall-associated kinase family, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family, and lysin motif receptor-like kinase family) that have been the subject of several important studies in recent years. This review summarises the findings on both plant cell wall and plant immunity, improving our understanding and may provide impetus to various researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konan Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Kim M, Yang SH, Han HG, Kim E, Kim S, Oh YL, Ro HS. Mitochondrial Effects on the Physiological Characteristics of Lentinula edodes. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:374-381. [PMID: 36404899 PMCID: PMC9645275 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2138226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the mating of filamentous basidiomycetes, dikaryotic mycelia are generated through the reciprocal movement of nuclei to a monokaryotic cytoplasm where a nucleus of compatible mating type resides, resulting in the establishment of two different dikaryotic strains having the same nuclei but different mitochondria. To better understand the role of mitochondria in mushrooms, we created four sets of dikaryotic strains of Lentinula edodes, including B2 × E13 (B2 side) and B2 × E13 (E13 side), B5 × E13 (B5 side) and B5 × E13 (E13 side), E8 × H3 (E8 side) and E8 × H3 (H3 side), and K3 × H3 (K3 side) and K3 × H3 (H3 side). The karyotypes and mitochondrial types of the dikaryotic strains were successfully identified by the A mating type markers and the mitochondrial variable length tandem repeat markers, respectively. Comparative analyses of the dikaryotic strains on the mycelial growth, substrate browning, fruiting characteristics, and mitochondrial gene expression revealed that certain mitochondria are more effective in the mycelial growth and the production of fruiting body, possibly through the activated energy metabolism. Our findings indicate that mitochondria affect the physiology of dikaryotic strains having the same nuclear information and therefore a selection strategy aimed at mitochondrial function is needed in the development of new mushroom strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseek Kim
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeok Yang
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Gang Han
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Lee Oh
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Su Ro
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Nickolov K, Gauthier A, Hashimoto K, Laitinen T, Väisänen E, Paasela T, Soliymani R, Kurusu T, Himanen K, Blokhina O, Fagerstedt KV, Jokipii-Lukkari S, Tuominen H, Häggman H, Wingsle G, Teeri TH, Kuchitsu K, Kärkönen A. Regulation of PaRBOH1-mediated ROS production in Norway spruce by Ca 2+ binding and phosphorylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978586. [PMID: 36311083 PMCID: PMC9608432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases that generate superoxide anion radicals, which then dismutate to H2O2, into the apoplast using cytoplasmic NADPH as an electron donor. PaRBOH1 is the most highly expressed RBOH gene in developing xylem as well as in a lignin-forming cell culture of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Since no previous information about regulation of gymnosperm RBOHs exist, our aim was to resolve how PaRBOH1 is regulated with a focus on phosphorylation. The N-terminal part of PaRBOH1 was found to contain several putative phosphorylation sites and a four-times repeated motif with similarities to the Botrytis-induced kinase 1 target site in Arabidopsis AtRBOHD. Phosphorylation was indicated for six of the sites in in vitro kinase assays using 15 amino-acid-long peptides for each of the predicted phosphotarget site in the presence of protein extracts of developing xylem. Serine and threonine residues showing positive response in the peptide assays were individually mutated to alanine (kinase-inactive) or to aspartate (phosphomimic), and the wild type PaRBOH1 and the mutated constructs transfected to human kidney embryogenic (HEK293T) cells with a low endogenous level of extracellular ROS production. ROS-producing assays with HEK cells showed that Ca2+ and phosphorylation synergistically activate the enzyme and identified several serine and threonine residues that are likely to be phosphorylated including a novel phosphorylation site not characterized in other plant species. These were further investigated with a phosphoproteomic study. Results of Norway spruce, the first gymnosperm species studied in relation to RBOH regulation, show that regulation of RBOH activity is conserved among seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloian Nickolov
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UniLaSalle, Agro-Ecology, Hydrogeochemistry, Environments & Resources, UP 2018.C101 of the Ministry in Charge of Agriculture (AGHYLE) Research Unit CS UP 2018.C101, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Teresa Laitinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enni Väisänen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Paasela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Biochemistry & Dev. Biology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Blokhina
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurt V. Fagerstedt
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soile Jokipii-Lukkari
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Teemu H. Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Park CJ, Shin R. Calcium channels and transporters: Roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964059. [PMID: 36161014 PMCID: PMC9493244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) serves as a ubiquitous second messenger by mediating various signaling pathways and responding to numerous environmental conditions in eukaryotes. Therefore, plant cells have developed complex mechanisms of Ca2+ communication across the membrane, receiving the message from their surroundings and transducing the information into cells and organelles. A wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses cause the increase in [Ca2+]cyt as a result of the Ca2+ influx permitted by membrane-localized Ca2+ permeable cation channels such as CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATE CHANNELs (CNGCs), and voltage-dependent HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CALCIUM2+ PERMEABLE CHANNELs (HACCs), as well as GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE RECEPTORs (GLRs) and TWO-PORE CHANNELs (TPCs). Recently, resistosomes formed by some NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECEPTORs (NLRs) are also proposed as a new type of Ca2+ permeable cation channels. On the contrary, some Ca2+ transporting membrane proteins, mainly Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/H+ exchangers, are involved in Ca2+ efflux for removal of the excessive [Ca2+]cyt in order to maintain the Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. The Ca2+ efflux mechanisms mediate the wide ranges of cellular activities responding to external and internal stimuli. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent discoveries of various membrane proteins involved in Ca2+ influx and efflux which play an essential role in fine-tuning the processing of information for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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50
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Han Y, Yang R, Wang Q, Wang B, Prusky D. Sodium silicate promotes wound healing by inducing the deposition of suberin polyphenolic and lignin in potato tubers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942022. [PMID: 36092440 PMCID: PMC9453558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a postharvest characteristic of potato tubers through accumulating suberin and lignin, which could reduce decay and water loss during storage. This study aimed to explore the impact and mechanisms of sodium silicate on wound healing of potatoes. After being wounded, "Atlantic" potato tubers were treated with water or 50 mM sodium silicate. The results showed that sodium silicate treatment accelerated the formation of wound healing structures and significantly reduced the weight loss and disease index of tubers. Furthermore, sodium silicate induced the genes expression and enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) involved in the phenylpropane metabolism, enhancing the synthesis of the main precursors of suberin polyphenolic (SPP) and lignin, such as coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and cinnamyl alcohol. Meanwhile, the gene expression of StPOD and StNOX was activated, and the production of O2- and H2O2 was promoted, which could be used for injury signal transmission and oxidative crosslinking of SPP monomers and lignin precursors. Besides, antimicrobial compounds, total phenolics, and flavonoids were also induced. We suggest that sodium silicate could promote wound healing by inducing the deposition of SPP, lignin, and antimicrobial compounds in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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