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Kebrom TH. Shade signals activate distinct molecular mechanisms that induce dormancy and inhibit flowering in vegetative axillary buds of sorghum. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e626. [PMID: 39166257 PMCID: PMC11333302 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branches grow from axillary buds and play a crucial role in shaping shoot architecture and determining crop yield. Shade signals inactivate phytochrome B (phyB) and induce bud dormancy, thereby inhibiting shoot branching. Prior transcriptome profiling of axillary bud dormancy in a phyB-deficient mutant (58M, phyB-1) and bud outgrowth in wild-type (100M, PHYB) sorghum genotypes identified differential expression of genes associated with flowering, plant hormones, and sugars, including SbCN2, SbNCED3, SbCKX1, SbACO1, SbGA2ox1, and SbCwINVs. This study examined the expression of these genes during bud dormancy induced by shade and defoliation in 100M sorghum. The aim was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms activated by shade in axillary buds by comparing them with those activated by defoliation. The expression of marker genes for sugar levels suggests shade and defoliation reduce the sugar supply to the buds and induce bud dormancy. Intriguingly, both shade signals and defoliation downregulated SbNCED3, suggesting that ABA might not play a role in promoting axillary bud dormancy in sorghum. Whereas the cytokinin (CK) degrading gene SbCKX1 was upregulated solely by shade signals in the buds, the CK inducible genes SbCGA1 and SbCwINVs were downregulated during both shade- and defoliation-induced bud dormancy. This indicates a decrease in CK levels in the dormant buds. Shade signals dramatically upregulated SbCN2, an ortholog of the Arabidopsis TFL1 known for inhibiting flowering, whereas defoliation did not increase SbCN2 expression in the buds. Removing shade temporarily downregulated SbCN2 in dormant buds, further indicating its expression is not always correlated with bud dormancy. Because shade signals also trigger a systemic early flowering signal, SbCN2 might be activated to protect the buds from transitioning to flowering before growing into branches. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that shade signals activate two distinct molecular mechanisms in sorghum buds: one induces dormancy by reducing CK and sugars, whereas the other inhibits flowering by activating SbCN2. Given the agricultural significance of TFL1-like genes, the rapid regulation of SbCN2 by light signals in axillary buds revealed in this study warrants further investigation to explore its potential in crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfamichael H. Kebrom
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural ResourcesPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexasUSA
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, College of EngineeringPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexasUSA
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2
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Wen R, Zhu M, Yu J, Kou L, Ahmad S, Wei X, Jiao G, Hu S, Sheng Z, Zhao F, Tang S, Shao G, Yu H, Hu P. Photosynthesis regulates tillering bud elongation and nitrogen-use efficiency via sugar-induced NGR5 in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1440-1454. [PMID: 38923565 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rice tillering is one of the most important agronomical traits largely determining grain yield. Photosynthesis and nitrogen availability are two important factors affecting rice tiller bud elongation; however, underlying mechanism and their cross-talk is poorly understood. Here, we used map-based cloning, transcriptome profiling, phenotypic analysis, and molecular genetics to understand the roles of the Decreased Tiller Number 1 (DTN1) gene that encodes the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and involves in photosynthesis required for light-induced axillary bud elongation in rice. Deficiency of DTN1 results in the reduced photosynthetic rate and decreased contents of sucrose and other sugars in both leaves and axillary buds, and the reduced tiller number in dtn1 mutant could be partially rescued by exogenous sucrose treatment. Furthermore, we found that the expression of nitrogen-mediated tiller growth response 5 (NGR5) was remarkably decreased in shoot base of dtn1-2, which can be activated by sucrose treatment. Overexpression of NGR5 in the dtn1-2 could partially rescue the reduced tiller number, and the tiller number of dtn1-2 was insensitive to nitrogen supply. This work demonstrated that the sugar level regulated by photosynthesis and DTN1 could positively regulate NGR5 expression, which coordinates the cross-talk between carbon and nitrate to control tiller bud outgrowth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Maodi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Junming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Seed Center and Plant Genetic Resources Bank, Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture, Riyadh, 14712, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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3
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Wu W, Dong X, Chen G, Lin Z, Chi W, Tang W, Yu J, Wang S, Jiang X, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang C, Cheng X, Zhang W, Xuan W, Terzaghi W, Ronald PC, Wang H, Wang C, Wan J. The elite haplotype OsGATA8-H coordinates nitrogen uptake and productive tiller formation in rice. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1516-1526. [PMID: 38872029 PMCID: PMC11250373 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen promotes the formation of nonproductive tillers in rice, which decreases nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Developing high-NUE rice cultivars through balancing nitrogen uptake and the formation of productive tillers remains a long-standing challenge, yet how these two processes are coordinated in rice remains elusive. Here we identify the transcription factor OsGATA8 as a key coordinator of nitrogen uptake and tiller formation in rice. OsGATA8 negatively regulates nitrogen uptake by repressing transcription of the ammonium transporter gene OsAMT3.2. Meanwhile, it promotes tiller formation by repressing the transcription of OsTCP19, a negative modulator of tillering. We identify OsGATA8-H as a high-NUE haplotype with enhanced nitrogen uptake and a higher proportion of productive tillers. The geographical distribution of OsGATA8-H and its frequency change in historical accessions suggest its adaption to the fertile soil. Overall, this study provides molecular and evolutionary insights into the regulation of NUE and facilitates the breeding of rice cultivars with higher NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yuan Y, Lyu B, Qi J, Liu X, Wang Y, Delaplace P, Du Y. A novel regulator of wheat tillering LT1 identified by using an upgraded BSA method, uni-BSA. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:47. [PMID: 38939116 PMCID: PMC11199477 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Branching/tillering is a critical process for plant architecture and grain yield. However, Branching is intricately controlled by both endogenous and environmental factors. The underlying mechanisms of tillering in wheat remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified Less Tiller 1 (LT1) as a novel regulator of wheat tillering using an enhanced bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method, uni-BSA. This method effectively reduces alignment noise caused by the high repetitive sequence content in the wheat genome. Loss-of-function of LT1 results in fewer tillers due to defects in axillary meristem initiation and bud outgrowth. We mapped LT1 to a 6 Mb region on the chromosome 2D short arm and validated a nucleotide-binding (NB) domain encoding gene as LT1 using CRISPR/Cas9. Furthermore, the lower sucrose concentration in the shoot bases of lt1 might result in inadequate bud outgrowth due to disturbances in the sucrose biosynthesis pathways. Co-expression analysis suggests that LT1 controls tillering by regulating TaROX/TaLAX1, the ortholog of the Arabidopsis tiller regulator REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION (ROX) or the rice axillary meristem regulator LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1). This study not only offers a novel genetic resource for cultivating optimal plant architecture but also underscores the importance of our innovative BSA method. This uni-BSA method enables the swift and precise identification of pivotal genes associated with significant agronomic traits, thereby hastening gene cloning and crop breeding processes in wheat. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01484-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Plant Sciences, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bo Lyu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Juan Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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5
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Li X, He D, White RG, Delhaize E, Ryan PR, Ingvordsen CH, Scafaro AP, Atkin OK, Wasson A, Richards R. Reduced tillering and dwarfing genes alter root traits and rhizo-economics in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14336. [PMID: 38783514 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The tiller inhibition (tin) and Reduced height (Rht) genes strongly influence the carbon partitioning and architecture of wheat shoots, but their effects on the energy economy of roots have not been examined in detail. We examined multiple root traits in three sets of near-isogenic wheat lines (NILs) that differ in the tin gene or various dwarfing gene alleles (Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c and Rht-B1b + Rht-D1b) to determine their effects on root structure, anatomy and carbon allocation. The tin gene resulted in fewer tillers but more costly roots in an extreme tin phenotype with a Banks genetic background due to increases in root-to-shoot ratio, total root length, and whole root respiration. However, this effect depended on the genetic background as tin caused both smaller shoots and roots in a different genetic background. The semi-dwarf gene Rht-B1b caused few changes to the root structure, whereas Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c and the double dwarf (Rht-B1b + Rht-D1b) decreased the root biomass. Rht-B1c reduced the energy cost of roots by increasing specific root length, increasing the volume of cortical aerenchyma and by reducing root length, number, and biomass without affecting the root-to-shoot ratio. This work informs researchers using tin and Rht genes how to modify root system architecture to suit specific environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Di He
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Emmanuel Delhaize
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter R Ryan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Andrew P Scafaro
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anton Wasson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Hnizil O, Baidani A, Khlila I, Taghouti M, Nsarellah N, Amamou A. Dissecting Genotype by Environment Interactions in Moroccan Wheat: An Advanced Biplot and Heatmap Analysis Unveiling Agronomic, Quality Traits, and Genotypic Stability for Tailored Breeding Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1068. [PMID: 38674477 PMCID: PMC11054286 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This five-year study (2016-2021) across diverse Moroccan agro-climatic zones investigated genotype by environment (G × E) interactions in wheat, focusing on variations in agronomic traits and quality attributes such as protein and gluten content. Significant environmental effects were observed on key traits, like yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and spikes per square meter (Spk/m2), highlighting environmental factors' role in wheat yield variability. In the Tassaout (TST) location, notable genotypic effects emerged for traits like biomass, underscoring genetic factors' importance in specific contexts, while in Sidi El Aidi (SEA) and Marchouch (MCH), genotypic effects on yield and its components were predominantly absent, indicating a more substantial environmental influence. These findings illustrate the complexity of G × E interactions and the need for breeding strategies considering genetic potential and environmental adaptability, especially given the trade-offs between yield enhancement and quality maintenance. Insights from the biplot and heatmap analyses enhanced the understanding of genotypes' dynamic interactions with environmental factors, establishing a basis for strategic genotype selection and management to optimize wheat yield and quality. This research contributes to sustainable wheat breeding in Morocco, aligning with global efforts to adapt wheat breeding strategies to changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Hnizil
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Aziz Baidani
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilham Khlila
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Mouna Taghouti
- Research Unit of Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Breeding, National Institute for Agronomic Research, P.B. 6356, Institutes 1010, Rabat 10101, Morocco;
| | - Nasserelhaq Nsarellah
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Ali Amamou
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
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Wan X, Zou LH, Pan X, Ge Y, Jin L, Cao Q, Shi J, Tian D. Auxin and carbohydrate control flower bud development in Anthurium andraeanum during early stage of sexual reproduction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:159. [PMID: 38429715 PMCID: PMC10908059 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower buds of Anthurium andraeanum frequently cease to grow and abort during the early flowering stage, resulting in prolonged planting times and increased commercialization costs. Nevertheless, limited knowledge exists of the mechanism of flower development after initiation in A. andraeanum. RESULTS In this study, the measurement of carbohydrate flow and intensity between leaves and flowers during different growth stages showed that tender leaves are strong sinks and their concomitant flowers are weak ones. This suggested that the tender leaves compete with their concomitant flower buds for carbohydrates during the early growth stages, potentially causing the abortion of the flower buds. The analysis of transcriptomic differentially expressed genes suggested that genes related to sucrose metabolism and auxin response play an important role during flower bud development. Particularly, co-expression network analysis found that AaSPL12 is a hub gene engaged in flower development by collaborating carbohydrate and auxin signals. Yeast Two Hybrid assays revealed that AaSPL12 can interact with AaARP, a protein that serves as an indicator of dormancy. Additionally, the application of exogenous IAA and sucrose can suppress the expression of AaARP, augment the transcriptional abundance of AaSPL12, and consequently expedite flower development in Anthurium andraeanum. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings indicated that the combination of auxin and sugar signals could potentially suppress the repression of AaARP protein to AaSPL12, thus advancing the development of flower buds in Anthurium andraeanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wan
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Long-Hai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaying Ge
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunyang Cao
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiewei Shi
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danqing Tian
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311251, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Bai J, Guo H, Xiong H, Xie Y, Gu J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Ding Y, Liu L. Strigolactone and abscisic acid synthesis and signaling pathways are enhanced in the wheat oligo-tillering mutant ot1. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:12. [PMID: 38313680 PMCID: PMC10837411 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Tiller number greatly contributes to grain yield in wheat. Using ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis, we previously discovered the oligo-tillering mutant ot1. The tiller number was significantly lower in ot1 than in the corresponding wild type from the early tillering stage until the heading stage. Compared to the wild type, the thousand-grain weight and grain length were increased by 15.41% and 31.44%, respectively, whereas the plant height and spike length were decreased by 26.13% and 37.25%, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted at the regreening and jointing stages to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases showed differential expression of genes associated with ADP binding, transmembrane transport, and transcriptional regulation during tiller development. Differences in tiller number in ot1 led to the upregulation of genes in the strigolactone (SL) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways. Specifically, the SL biosynthesis genes DWARF (D27), D17, D10, and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1) were upregulated by 3.37- to 8.23-fold; the SL signal transduction genes D14 and D53 were upregulated by 1.81- and 1.32-fold, respectively; the ABA biosynthesis genes 9-CIS-EPOXICAROTENOID DIOXIGENASE 3 (NCED3) and NCED5 were upregulated by 1.66- and 3.4-fold, respectively; and SNF1-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASE2 (SnRK2) and PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C (PP2C) genes were upregulated by 1.30- to 4.79-fold. This suggested that the tiller number reduction in ot1 was due to alterations in plant hormone pathways. Genes known to promote tillering growth were upregulated, whereas those known to inhibit tillering growth were downregulated. For example, PIN-FORMED 9 (PIN9), which promotes tiller development, was upregulated by 8.23-fold in ot1; Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1), which inhibits tiller development, was downregulated by 1.74-fold. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of TILLER NUMBER 1 (TN1) or TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), indicating that the tiller reduction in ot1 was not controlled by known genes. Our findings provide valuable data for subsequent research into the genetic bases and regulatory mechanisms of wheat tillering. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01450-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Song X, Gu X, Chen S, Qi Z, Yu J, Zhou Y, Xia X. Far-red light inhibits lateral bud growth mainly through enhancing apical dominance independently of strigolactone synthesis in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:429-441. [PMID: 37916615 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of red light to far-red light (R:FR) is perceived by light receptors and consequently regulates plant architecture. Regulation of shoot branching by R:FR ratio involves plant hormones. However, the roles of strigolactone (SL), the key shoot branching hormone and the interplay of different hormones in the light regulation of shoot branching in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are elusive. Here, we found that defects in SL synthesis genes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7) and CCD8 in tomato resulted in more lateral bud growth but failed to reverse the FR inhibition of lateral bud growth, which was associated with increased auxin synthesis and decreased synthesis of cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroid (BR). Treatment of auxin also inhibited shoot branching in ccd mutants. However, CK released the FR inhibition of lateral bud growth in ccd mutants, concomitant with the upregulation of BR synthesis genes. Furthermore, plants that overexpressed BR synthesis gene showed more lateral bud growth and the shoot branching was less sensitive to the low R:FR ratio. The results indicate that SL synthesis is dispensable for light regulation of shoot branching in tomato. Auxin mediates the response to R:FR ratio to regulate shoot branching by suppressing CK and BR synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhao Y, Zha M, Xu C, Hou F, Wang Y. Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Antagonistic Effect of Decapitation and Strigolactones on the Tillering Control in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:91. [PMID: 38202400 PMCID: PMC10780617 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Removing the panicle encourages the growth of buds on the elongated node by getting rid of apical dominance. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that suppress tillering in rice. The present study employed panicle removal (RP) and external application of synthesized strigolactones (GR) to modulate rice bud growth at node 2. We focused on the full-heading stage to investigate proteomic changes related to bud germination (RP-Co) and suppression (GR-RP). A total of 434 represented differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected, with 272 DAPs explicitly specified in the bud germination process, 106 in the bud suppression process, and 28 in both. DAPs in the germination process were most associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome biogenesis. DAPs were most associated with metabolic pathways and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the bud suppression process. Sucrose content and two enzymes of sucrose degradation in buds were also determined. Comparisons of DAPs between the two reversed processes revealed that sucrose metabolism might be a key to modulating rice bud growth. Moreover, sucrose or its metabolites should be a signal downstream of the SLs signal transduction that modulates rice bud outgrowth. Contemplating the result so far, it is possible to open new vistas of research to reveal the interaction between SLs and sucrose signaling in the control of tillering in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Manrong Zha
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Congshan Xu
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China;
| | - Fangxu Hou
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou 416000, China
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11
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Shi L, Wang L, Li W. Interaction of Phytohormones and External Environmental Factors in the Regulation of the Bud Dormancy in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17200. [PMID: 38139028 PMCID: PMC10743443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy and release are essential phenomena that greatly assist in adapting to adverse growing conditions and promoting the holistic growth and development of perennial plants. The dormancy and release process of buds in temperate perennial trees involves complex interactions between physiological and biochemical processes influenced by various environmental factors, representing a meticulously orchestrated life cycle. In this review, we summarize the role of phytohormones and their crosstalk in the establishment and release of bud dormancy. External environmental factors, such as light and temperature, play a crucial role in regulating bud germination. We also highlight the mechanisms of how light and temperature are involved in the regulation of bud dormancy by modulating phytohormones. Moreover, the role of nutrient factors, including sugar, in regulating bud dormancy is also discussed. This review provides a foundation for enhancing our understanding of plant growth and development patterns, fostering agricultural production, and exploring plant adaptive responses to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weixing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (L.W.)
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12
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Chen R, Luo L, Li K, Li Q, Li W, Wang X. Dormancy-Associated Gene 1 (OsDRM1) as an axillary bud dormancy marker: Retarding Plant Development, and Modulating Auxin Response in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154117. [PMID: 37924628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy-Associated Genes 1/Auxin-Repressed Proteins (DRM1/ARP) are associated with bud dormancy, repression of plant growth, and responsiveness to hormones. To further explore the function of DRM1 proteins in rice, we isolated a dormancy-associated gene1 (OsDRM1) through microarray analysis. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that OsDRM1 is predominantly expressed in dormant axillary buds, while it is weakly expressed in growing buds, indicating that OsDRM1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for bud dormancy in rice. Overexpression of OsDRM1 in transgenic plants delayed axillary bud outgrowth by suppressing cell division within the buds. Further studies in OsDRM1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed a reduction in plant height, inhibition of root and hypocotyl elongation, and delayed heading time. Under auxin treatment, overexpression of OsDRM1 in transgenic lines partially rescued the shortened length of the primary and crown root. Taken together, these results indicated that OsDRM1 delayed bud growth by arresting the cell cycle and act as a growth repressor affect rice development by modulated auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Chen
- Horticultural Science Research Center, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Forest, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Li
- Horticultural Science Research Center, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Horticultural Science Research Center, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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13
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Yuan Y, Khourchi S, Li S, Du Y, Delaplace P. Unlocking the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth: Advances in Understanding Shoot Branching. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3628. [PMID: 37896091 PMCID: PMC10610460 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex and tightly regulated developmental process that is essential for determining plant architecture and crop yields. The outgrowth of tiller buds is a crucial step in shoot branching, and it is influenced by a variety of internal and external cues. This review provides an extensive overview of the genetic, plant hormonal, and environmental factors that regulate shoot branching in several plant species, including rice, Arabidopsis, tomato, and wheat. We especially highlight the central role of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a key gene in orchestrating bud outgrowth. In addition, we discuss how the phytohormones cytokinins, strigolactones, and auxin interact to regulate tillering/branching. We also shed light on the involvement of sugar, an integral component of plant development, which can impact bud outgrowth in both trophic and signaling ways. Finally, we emphasize the substantial influence of environmental factors, such as light, temperature, water availability, biotic stresses, and nutrients, on shoot branching. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaced regulatory mechanisms that underpin shoot branching and highlights the adaptable nature of plants to survive and persist in fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Said Khourchi
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Shujia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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14
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Ogrodowicz P, Wojciechowicz MK, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Kempa M. The Effects of Growth Modification on Pollen Development in Spring Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance. Cells 2023; 12:1656. [PMID: 37371126 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress inducing pollen sterility can reduce crop yield worldwide. The regulatory crosstalk associated with the effects of drought on pollen formation at the cellular level has not been explored in detail so far. In this study, we performed morphological and cytoembryological analysis of anther perturbations and examined pollen development in two spring barley genotypes that differ in earliness and drought tolerance. The Syrian breeding line CamB (drought-tolerant) and the European cultivar Lubuski (drought-sensitive) were used as experimental materials to analyze the drought-induced changes in yield performance, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, the pollen grain micromorphology and ultrastructure during critical stages of plant development. In addition, fluctuations in HvGAMYB expression were studied, as this transcription factor is closely associated with the development of the anther. In the experiments, the studied plants were affected by drought, as was confirmed by the analyses of yield performance and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. However, contrary to our expectations, the pollen development of plants grown under specific conditions was not severely affected. The results also suggest that growth modification, as well as the perturbation in light distribution, can affect the HvGAMYB expression. This study demonstrated that the duration of the vegetation period can influence plant drought responses and, as a consequence, the processes associated with pollen development as every growth modification changes the dynamics of drought effects as well as the duration of plant exposition to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Katarzyna Wojciechowicz
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 1 Wieniawskiego Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Kempa
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Yang H, Li Y, Qiao Y, Sun H, Liu W, Qiao W, Li W, Liu M, Dong B. Low light stress promotes new tiller regeneration by changing source-sink relationship and activating expression of expansin genes in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1562-1581. [PMID: 36695201 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low light stress seriously decreased wheat grain number through the formation of aborted spike during the reproductive period and induced new tiller regeneration to offset the loss of grain number. However, the mechanism by which plants coordinate spike aborted growth and the regeneration of new tillers remains unknown. To better understand this coordinated process, morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were performed under low light stress at the young microspore stage. Our findings indicated that leaves exhausted most stored carbohydrates in 1 day of darkness. However, spike and uppermost internode (UI) were converted from sink to source, due to increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased cytokinin content. During this process, genes encoding amylases, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) and sucrose transporters or sucrose carriers (SUT/SUC) were upregulated in spike and UI, which degraded starch into soluble sugars and loaded them into the phloem. Subsequently, soluble sugars were transported to tiller node (TN) where cytokinin and auxin content increased and ABA content decreased, followed by unloading into TN cells by upregulated cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes and highly expressed H+ /hexose symporter genes. Finally, expansin genes integrated the sugar pathway and hormone pathway, and regulate the formation of new tillers directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baodi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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16
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Ran F, Yuan Y, Bai X, Li C, Li J, Chen H. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism affects kentucky bluegrass rhizome expansion. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:221. [PMID: 37101108 PMCID: PMC10131326 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizome is vital for carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the whole plant. However, the effect of carbon and nitrogen in the rhizome on rhizome expansion remains unclear. RESULTS Three wild Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasms with different rhizome expansion capacity (strong expansion capacity, 'YZ'; medium expansion capacity, 'WY'; and weak expansion capacity, 'AD') were planted in the field and the rhizomes number, tiller number, rhizome dry weight, physiological indicators and enzyme activity associated carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were measured. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized to analyze the metabolomic of the rhizomes. The results showed that the rhizome and tiller numbers of the YZ were 3.26 and 2.69-fold of that of the AD, respectively. The aboveground dry weight of the YZ was the greatest among all three germplasms. Contents of soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, NO3--N, and free amino acid were significantly higher in rhizomes of the YZ than those of the WY and AD (P < 0.05). The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) of the YZ were the highest among all three germplasm, with values of 17.73 A·g- 1 h- 1, 5.96 µmol·g- 1 min- 1, and 11.35 mg·g- 1 h- 1, respectively. Metabolomics analyses revealed that a total of 28 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were up-regulated, and 25 DEMs were down-regulated in both comparison groups (AD vs. YZ group and WY vs. YZ group). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that metabolites related to histidine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism were associated with rhizomes carbon and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results suggest that soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, NO3--N, and free amino acid in rhizome are important to and promote rhizome expansion in Kentucky bluegrass, while tryptamine, 3-methylhistidine, 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole, and histamine may be key metabolites in promoting carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rhizome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Ran
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yajuan Yuan
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoming Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Changning Li
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juanxia Li
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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17
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Ogrodowicz P, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Kempa M. The effects of heading time on yield performance and HvGAMYB expression in spring barley subjected to drought. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:289-302. [PMID: 36897474 PMCID: PMC10076406 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
In the lifetime of a plant, flowering is not only an essential part of the reproductive process but also a critical developmental stage that can be vulnerable to environmental stresses. To ensure survival during drought, plants accelerate the flowering process, and this response is known as "drought escape." HvGAMYB-transcription factor associated, among others, with flowering process and anther development in barley-has also an important role in developmental modification and yield performance in plants subjected to stressed conditions. Due to the fact that information about the mechanisms associated both with the flowering acceleration and the anther or pollen disruption is limited, the exploration of the potential HvGAMYB role in flower development may shed light on pollen and spike morphology formations in plants grown under unfavorable water conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize differences in responses to drought among early- and late-heading barley genotypes. These two subgroups of plants-differentiated in terms of phenology-were analyzed, and traits linked to plant phenotype, physiology, and yield were investigated. In our study, the drought stress reactions of two barley subgroups showed a wide range of diversity in terms of yield performance, anther morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, and pollen viability. The studied plants exhibited different yield performances under control and drought conditions. Moreover, the random distribution of genotypes on the biplot showing variability of OJIP parameters in the second developmental point of our investigation revealed that prolonged drought stress caused that among early- and late-heading plants, the studied genotypes exhibited different responses to applied stress conditions. The results of this study also showed that the HvGAMYB expression level was correlated positively with traits associated with lateral spike morphology in the second developmental point of this investigation, which showed that this association occurred only under prolonged drought and highlighted the drought stress duration effect on the HvGAMYB expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Kempa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
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18
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Dong C, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Li D, Xie Z, Cui G, Chen Y, Wu L, Li Z, Liu G, Zhang X, Liu C, Chu J, Zhao G, Xia C, Jia J, Sun J, Kong X, Liu X. Tiller Number1 encodes an ankyrin repeat protein that controls tillering in bread wheat. Nat Commun 2023; 14:836. [PMID: 36788238 PMCID: PMC9929037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food for more than one-third of the world's population. Tiller number is an important agronomic trait in wheat, but only few related genes have been cloned. Here, we isolate a wheat mutant, tiller number1 (tn1), with much fewer tillers. We clone the TN1 gene via map-based cloning: TN1 encodes an ankyrin repeat protein with a transmembrane domain (ANK-TM). We show that a single amino acid substitution in the third conserved ankyrin repeat domain causes the decreased tiller number of tn1 mutant plants. Resequencing and haplotype analysis indicate that TN1 is conserved in wheat landraces and modern cultivars. Further, we reveal that the expression level of the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene TaNCED3 and ABA content are significantly increased in the shoot base and tiller bud of the tn1 mutants; TN1 but not tn1 could inhibit the binding of TaPYL to TaPP2C via direct interaction with TaPYL. Taken together, we clone a key wheat tiller number regulatory gene TN1, which promotes tiller bud outgrowth probably through inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Danping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhencheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lifen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jizeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Damerval C, Claudot C, Le Guilloux M, Conde e Silva N, Brunaud V, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Caius J, Delannoy E, Nadot S, Jabbour F, Deveaux Y. Evolutionary analyses and expression patterns of TCP genes in Ranunculales. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055196. [PMID: 36531353 PMCID: PMC9752903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TCP transcription factors play a role in a large number of developmental processes and are at the crossroads of numerous hormonal biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The complete repertoire of TCP genes has already been characterized in several plant species, but not in any species of early diverging eudicots. We focused on the order Ranunculales because of its phylogenetic position as sister group to all other eudicots and its important morphological diversity. Results show that all the TCP genes expressed in the floral transcriptome of Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) are the orthologs of the TCP genes previously identified from the fully sequenced genome of Aquilegia coerulea. Phylogenetic analyses combined with the identification of conserved amino acid motifs suggest that six paralogous genes of class I TCP transcription factors were present in the common ancestor of angiosperms. We highlight independent duplications in core eudicots and Ranunculales within the class I and class II subfamilies, resulting in different numbers of paralogs within the main subclasses of TCP genes. This has most probably major consequences on the functional diversification of these genes in different plant clades. The expression patterns of TCP genes in Nigella damascena were consistent with the general suggestion that CIN and class I TCP genes may have redundant roles or take part in same pathways, while CYC/TB1 genes have more specific actions. Our findings open the way for future studies at the tissue level, and for investigating redundancy and subfunctionalisation in TCP genes and their role in the evolution of morphological novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Damerval
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carmine Claudot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Le Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia Conde e Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - José Caius
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Yves Deveaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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20
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Dhariwal R, Hiebert CW, Randhawa HS. QTL analysis identified two major all-internodes solidness loci from a completely solid-stemmed spring wheat line. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035620. [PMID: 36457538 PMCID: PMC9707402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The culms of solid-stemmed wheat cultivars are filled with "pith" - a parenchymatous tissue largely composed of soft, spongy, and compact parenchyma cells. Breeding solid-stemmed cultivars is the most effective way to decrease the detrimental impact of wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) on wheat production. Although a major solid stem gene has been previously identified from durum wheat, it produces an intermediate level of stem solidness in common wheat which is insufficient to provide the required level of WSS resistance. The maximum resistance is achieved when stems are totally filled with pith. Thus, to identify a secondary source of solidness in common wheat, we developed three mapping populations from wheat cvs. Sadash, 'AAC Innova' and 'AAC Cameron', each crossed separately with P2711, a completely solid-stemmed hexaploid wheat breeding line. All populations were genotyped using either wheat 15K or 90K Infinium iSelect SNP Assay and high-density linkage maps were generated from individual populations along with consensus maps for chromosomes 3B and 3D from all populations. 'Sadash/P2711' and 'AAC Innova/P2711' populations were subjected to extensive phenotyping in ≥3 environments followed by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses using population-specific and consensus linkage maps. We identified two major solid stem QTLs in the distal regions of chromosome arms 3BL and 3DL in both populations in addition to several population-specific or common minor QTLs. Internode-specific QTL analyses detected both major QTLs of chromosomes 3B and 3D across internodes, from top to bottom of the stalk, but minor QTLs were largely detected in upper or middle internodes. Our results suggest that both major QTLs are sufficient to develop highly solid-stemmed cvs; however, the minor loci, which additively enhance the pith expression, can be coupled with major genes to achieve a complete solid stem phenotype in common wheat. Comparative and haplotype analyses showed that the 3B locus is homoeologous to 3D, the former being mapped to a 1.1 Mb genomic region. Major QTLs identified in this study can be incorporated in modern wheat cultivars to achieve maximum WSS resistance from high pith expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Dhariwal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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21
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Kebrom TH, Doust AN. Activation of apoplastic sugar at the transition stage may be essential for axillary bud outgrowth in the grasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023581. [PMID: 36388483 PMCID: PMC9643854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branches develop from buds in leaf axils. Once formed from axillary meristems, the buds enter a transition stage before growing into branches. The buds may transition into dormancy if internal and environmental factors limit sucrose supply to the buds. A fundamental question is why sucrose can be limiting at the transition stage for bud outgrowth, whereas new buds continue to be formed. Sucrose is transported to sink tissues through symplastic or apoplastic pathways and a shift from symplastic to apoplastic pathway is common during seed and fruit development. In addition, symplastic connected tissues are stronger sinks than symplastically isolated tissues that rely on sugars effluxed to the apoplast. Recent studies in sorghum, sugarcane, and maize indicate activation of apoplastic sugar in buds that transition to outgrowth but not to dormancy, although the mode of sugar transport during bud formation is still unclear. Since the apoplastic pathway in sorghum buds was specifically activated during bud outgrowth, we posit that sugar for axillary bud formation is most likely supplied through the symplastic pathway. This suggests a key developmental change at the transition stage, which alters the sugar transport pathway of newly-formed buds from symplastic to apoplastic, making the buds a less strong sink for sugars. We suggest therefore that bud outgrowth that relies on overflow of excess sucrose to the apoplast will be more sensitive to internal and environmental factors that enhance the growth of sink tissues and sucrose demand in the parent shoot; whereas bud formation that relies on symplastic sucrose will be less affected by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfamichael H. Kebrom
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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22
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Wu J, Xu D, Fu L, Wu L, Hao W, Li J, Dong Y, Wang F, Wu Y, He Z, Si H, Ma C, Xia X. Fine mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene YrZM175 in bread wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2665-2673. [PMID: 35986759 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A stripe rust resistance gene YrZM175 in Chinese wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 was mapped to a genomic interval of 636.4 kb on chromosome arm 2AL, and a candidate gene was predicted. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is a worldwide wheat disease that causes large losses in production. Fine mapping and cloning of resistance genes are important for accurate marker-assisted breeding. Here, we report the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of stripe rust resistance gene YrZM175 in a Chinese wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175. Fifteen F1, 7,325 F2 plants and 117 F2:3 lines derived from cross Avocet S/Zhongmai 175 were inoculated with PST race CYR32 at the seedling stage in a greenhouse, and F2:3 lines were also evaluated for stripe rust reaction in the field using mixed PST races. Bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) analyses revealed 13 SNPs in the region 762.50-768.52 Mb on chromosome arm 2AL. By genome mining, we identified SNPs and InDels between the parents and contrasting bulks and mapped YrZM175 to a 0.72-cM, 636.4-kb interval spanned by YrZM175-InD1 and YrZM175-InD2 (763,452,916-764,089,317 bp) including two putative disease resistance genes based on IWGSC RefSeq v1.0. Collinearity analysis indicated similar target genomic intervals in Chinese Spring, Aegilops tauschii (2D: 647.7-650.5 Mb), Triticum urartu (2A: 750.7-752.3 Mb), Triticum dicoccoides (2A: 771.0-774.5 Mb), Triticum turgidum (2B: 784.7-788.2 Mb), and Triticum aestivum cv. Aikang 58 (2A: 776.3-778.9 Mb) and Jagger (2A: 789.3-791.7 Mb). Through collinearity analysis, sequence alignments of resistant and susceptible parents and gene expression level analysis, we predicted TRITD2Bv1G264480 from Triticum turgidum to be a candidate gene for map-based cloning of YrZM175. A gene-specific marker for TRITD2Bv1G264480 co-segregated with the resistance gene. Molecular marker analysis and stripe rust response data revealed that YrZM175 was different from genes Yr1, Yr17, Yr32, and YrJ22 located on chromosome 2A. Fine mapping of YrZM175 lays a solid foundation for functional gene analysis and marker-assisted selection for improved stripe rust resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui province, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dengan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong province, China
| | - Luping Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4 Shizishan Road, Chengdu, 610011, Sichuan province, China
| | - Weihao Hao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui province, China
| | - Jihu Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong province, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengju Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan province, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) China Office c/o, CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui province, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui province, China.
| | - Xianchun Xia
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui province, China.
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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23
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Chen L, Jameson GB, Guo Y, Song J, Jameson PE. The LONELY GUY gene family: from mosses to wheat, the key to the formation of active cytokinins in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:625-645. [PMID: 35108444 PMCID: PMC8989509 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
LONELY GUY (LOG) was first identified in a screen of rice mutants with defects in meristem maintenance. In plants, LOG codes for cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase, which converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides directly to the active free bases. Many enzymes with the PGGxGTxxE motif have been misannotated as lysine decarboxylases; conversely not all enzymes containing this motif are cytokinin-specific LOGs. As LOG mutants clearly impact yield in rice, we investigated the LOG gene family in bread wheat. By interrogating the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome database, we show that wheat has multiple LOGs. The close alignment of TaLOG1, TaLOG2 and TaLOG6 with the X-ray structures of two functional Arabidopsis thaliana LOGs allows us to infer that the wheat LOGs 1-11 are functional LOGs. Using RNA-seq data sets, we assessed TaLOG expression across 70 tissue types, their responses to various stressors, the pattern of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and intron/exon patterns. TaLOG gene family members are expressed variously across tissue types. When the TaLOG CREs are compared with those of the cytokinin dehydrogenases (CKX) and glucosyltransferases (CGT), there is close alignment of CREs between TaLOGs and TaCKXs reflecting the key role of CKX in maintaining cytokinin homeostasis. However, we suggest that the main homeostatic mechanism controlling cytokinin levels in response to biotic and abiotic challenge resides in the CGTs, rather than LOG or CKX. However, LOG transgenics and identified mutants in rice variously impact yield, providing interesting avenues for investigation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | | | - Yichu Guo
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jiancheng Song
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
- Yantai Jien Biological Science & Technology LtdYEDAYantaiChina
| | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
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24
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Wang Z, Wu F, Chen X, Zhou W, Shi H, Lin Y, Hou S, Yu S, Zhou H, Li C, Liu Y. Fine mapping of the tiller inhibition gene TIN4 contributing to ideal plant architecture in common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:527-535. [PMID: 34716761 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A tiller inhibition gene, TIN4, was mapped to an approximately 311 kb genomic interval on chromosome arm 2DL of wheat. The tiller is one of the key components of plant morphological architecture and a central agronomic trait affecting spike number in wheat. Low tiller number has been proposed as a major component of crop ideotypes for high yield potential. In this study, we characterized the development of tillering in near-isogenic lines (NIL7A and NIL7B), indicating that the TIN4 gene inhibited the growth of tillering buds and negatively regulated tiller number. Low-tillering was controlled by a single gene (TIN4) located on chromosome 2DL by genetic analysis and bulked segregant RNA-seq analysis. A total of 17 new polymorphic markers were developed in this study, and 61 recombinants were identified in the secondary F2 population containing 4,266 individuals. TIN4 was finally mapped on a 0.35 cM interval, co-segregated with molecular marker M380, within a 311 kb genomic interval of the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring reference genome sequence that contained twelve predicted genes. Yield experiments showed that the yield of low-tillering lines was higher than that of high-tillering lines at a higher density. Overall, this study provides a foundation for the construction of a low-tillering ideotype for improving wheat yield and further cloning TIN4 by map-based cloning approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanlin Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shifan Yu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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25
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Wen S, Zhang M, Tu K, Fan C, Tian S, Bi C, Chen Z, Zhao H, Wei C, Shi X, Yu J, Sun Q, You M. A Major Quantitative Trait Loci Cluster Controlling Three Components of Yield and Plant Height Identified on Chromosome 4B of Common Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:799520. [PMID: 35087558 PMCID: PMC8786729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.799520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yield is not only affected by three components of yield, but also affected by plant height (PH). Identification and utilization of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these four traits is vitally important for breeding high-yielding wheat varieties. In this work, we conducted a QTL analysis using the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two winter wheat varieties of China, "Nongda981" (ND981) and "Nongda3097" (ND3097), exhibiting significant differences in spike number per unit area (SN), grain number per spike (GNS), thousand grain weight (TGW), and PH. A total of 11 environmentally stable QTL for these four traits were detected. Among them, four major and stable QTLs (QSn.cau-4B-1.1, QGns.cau-4B-1, QTgw.cau-4B-1.1, and QPh.cau-4B-1.2) explaining the highest phenotypic variance for SN, GNS, TGW, and PH, respectively, were mapped on the same genomic region of chromosome 4B and were considered a QTL cluster. The QTL cluster spanned a genetic distance of about 12.3 cM, corresponding to a physical distance of about 8.7 Mb. Then, the residual heterozygous line (RHL) was used for fine mapping of the QTL cluster. Finally, QSn.cau-4B-1.1, QGns.cau-4B-1, and QPh.cau-4B-1.2 were colocated to the physical interval of about 1.4 Mb containing 31 annotated high confidence genes. QTgw.cau-4B-1.1 was divided into two linked QTL with opposite effects. The elite NILs of the QTL cluster increased SN and PH by 55.71-74.82% and 14.73-23.54%, respectively, and increased GNS and TGW by 29.72-37.26% and 5.81-11.24% in two environments. Collectively, the QTL cluster for SN, GNS, TGW, and PH provides a theoretical basis for improving wheat yield, and the fine-mapping result will be beneficial for marker-assisted selection and candidate genes cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhe Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Keling Tu
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Chaofeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoxiong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshan You
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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26
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Bai Y, Zhao X, Yao X, Yao Y, An L, Li X, Wang Y, Gao X, Jia Y, Guan L, Li M, Wu K, Wang Z. Genome wide association study of plant height and tiller number in hulless barley. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260723. [PMID: 34855842 PMCID: PMC8639095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum), also called naked barley, is a unique variety of cultivated barley. The genome-wide specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method is a rapid deep sequencing technology that is used for the selection and identification of genetic loci or markers. In this study, we collected 300 hulless barley accessions and used the SLAF-seq method to identify candidate genes involved in plant height (PH) and tiller number (TN). We obtained a total of 1407 M paired-end reads, and 228,227 SLAF tags were developed. After filtering using an integrity threshold of >0.8 and a minor allele frequency of >0.05, 14,504,892 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci were screened out. The remaining SNPs were used for the construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, and the three subcluster members showed no obvious differentiation among regional varieties. We used a genome wide association study approach to identify 1006 and 113 SNPs associated with TN and PH, respectively. Based on best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP), 41 and 29 SNPs associated with TN and PH, respectively. Thus, several of genes, including Hd3a and CKX5, may be useful candidates for the future genetic breeding of hulless barley. Taken together, our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling barley architecture, which is important for breeding and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Good Agricultural Practices Research Center of Traditional, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Likun An
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yatao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (ZW)
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (ZW)
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van Voorthuizen MJ, Song J, Novák O, Jameson PE. Plant Growth Regulators INCYDE and TD-K Underperform in Cereal Field Trials. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112309. [PMID: 34834672 PMCID: PMC8618831 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using plant growth regulators to alter cytokinin homeostasis with the aim of enhancing endogenous cytokinin levels has been proposed as a strategy to increase yields in wheat and barley. The plant growth regulators INCYDE and CPPU inhibit the cytokinin degrading enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), while TD-K inhibits the process of senescence. We report that the application of these plant growth regulators in wheat and barley field trials failed to enhance yields, or change the components of yields. Analyses of the endogenous cytokinin content showed a high concentration of trans-zeatin (tZ) in both wheat and barley grains at four days after anthesis, and statistically significant, but probably biologically insignificant, increases in cisZ-O-glucoside, along with small decreases in cZ riboside (cZR), dihydro Z (DHZ), and DHZR and DHZOG cytokinins, following INCYDE application to barley at anthesis. We discuss possible reasons for the lack of efficacy of the three plant growth regulators under field conditions and comment on future approaches to manipulating yield in the light of the strong homeostatic mechanisms controlling endogenous cytokinin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. van Voorthuizen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (M.J.v.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiancheng Song
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (M.J.v.V.); (J.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (M.J.v.V.); (J.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Systematic Characterization of TCP Gene Family in Four Cotton Species Revealed That GhTCP62 Regulates Branching in Arabidopsis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111104. [PMID: 34827097 PMCID: PMC8614845 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play an essential role in regulating various physiological and biochemical functions during plant growth. However, the function of TCP transcription factors in G. hirsutum has not yet been studied. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and correlation analysis of the TCP transcription factor family in G. hirsutum. We identified 72 non-redundant GhTCP genes and divided them into seven subfamilies, based on phylogenetic analysis. Most GhTCP genes in the same subfamily displayed similar exon and intron structures and featured highly conserved motif structures in their subfamily. Additionally, the pattern of chromosomal distribution demonstrated that GhTCP genes were unevenly distributed on 24 out of 26 chromosomes, and that fragment replication was the main replication event of GhTCP genes. In TB1 sub-family genes, GhTCP62 was highly expressed in the axillary buds, suggesting that GhTCP62 significantly affected cotton branching. Additionally, subcellular localization results indicated that GhTCP62 is located in the nucleus and possesses typical transcription factor characteristics. The overexpression of GhTCP62 in Arabidopsis resulted in fewer rosette-leaf branches and cauline-leaf branches. Furthermore, the increased expression of HB21 and HB40 genes in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhTCP62 suggests that GhTCP62 may regulate branching by positively regulating HB21 and HB40.
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Yao FQ, Li XH, Wang H, Song YN, Li ZQ, Li XG, Gao XQ, Zhang XS, Bie XM. Down-expression of TaPIN1s Increases the Tiller Number and Grain Yield in Wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34592922 PMCID: PMC8482684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiller number is a factor determining panicle number and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Auxin plays an important role in the regulation of branch production. PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1), an auxin efflux carrier, plays a role in the regulation of tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa); however, little is known on the roles of PIN1 in wheat. RESULTS Nine homologs of TaPIN1 genes were identified in wheat, of which TaPIN1-6 genes showed higher expression in the stem apex and young leaf in wheat, and the TaPIN1-6a protein was localized in the plasma membrane. The down-expression of TaPIN1s increased the tiller number in TaPIN1-RNA interference (TaPIN1-RNAi) transgenic wheat plants, indicating that auxin might mediate the axillary bud production. By contrast, the spikelet number, grain number per panicle, and the 1000-grain weight were decreased in the TaPIN1-RNAi transgenic wheat plants compared with those in the wild type. In summary, a reduction of TaPIN1s expression increased the tiller number and grain yield per plant of wheat. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic analysis and protein structure of nine TaPIN1 proteins were analyzed, and subcellular localization of TaPIN1-6a was located in the plasma membrane. Knock-down expression of TaPIN1 genes increased the tiller number of transgenic wheat lines. Our study suggests that TaPIN1s is required for the regulation of grain yield in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Quan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Min Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Sarwar R, Jiang T, Ding P, Gao Y, Tan X, Zhu K. Genome-wide analysis and functional characterization of the DELLA gene family associated with stress tolerance in B. napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 34157966 PMCID: PMC8220683 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is an essential crop for oil and livestock feed. Eventually, this crop's economic interest is at the most risk due to anthropogenic climate change. DELLA proteins constitute a significant repressor of plant growth to facilitate survival under constant stress conditions. DELLA proteins lack DNA binding domain but can interact with various transcription factors or transcription regulators of different hormonal families. Significant progress has been made on Arabidopsis and cereal plants. However, no comprehensive study regarding DELLA proteins has been delineated in rapeseed. RESULTS In our study, we have identified 10 BnaDELLA genes. All of the BnaDELLA genes are closely related to five AtDELLA genes, suggesting a relative function and structure. Gene duplication and synteny relationship among Brassica. napus, Arabidopsis. thaliana, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Brassica nigra genomes were also predicted to provide valuable insights into the BnaDELLA gene family evolutionary characteristics. Chromosomal mapping revealed the uneven distribution of BnaDELLA genes on eight chromosomes, and site-specific selection assessment proposes BnaDELLA genes purifying selection. The motifs composition in all BnaDELLA genes is inconsistent; however, every BnaDELLA gene contains 12 highly conserved motifs, encoding DELLA and GRAS domains. The two known miRNAs (bna-miR6029 and bna-miR603) targets BnaC07RGA and BnaA09GAI, were also predicted. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis has exhibited the BnaDELLA genes diverse expression patterns in the root, mature-silique, leaf, flower, flower-bud, stem, shoot-apex, and seed. Additionally, cis-acting element prediction shows that all BnaDELLA genes contain light, stress, and hormone-responsive elements on their promoters. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment report indicated that the BnaDELLA gene family might regulate stress responses. Combine with transcriptomic data used in this study, we detected the distinct expression patterns of BnaDELLA genes under biotic and abiotic stresses. CONCLUSION In this study, we investigate evolution feature, genomic structure, miRNAs targets, and expression pattern of the BnaDELLA gene family in B. napus, which enrich our understanding of BnaDELLA genes in B. napus and suggests modulating individual BnaDELLA expression is a promising way to intensify rapeseed stress tolerance and harvest index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehman Sarwar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Meng X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xiong S, Wei Y, Guo J, Zhang J, Wang L, Ma X, Tegeder M. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and physiological studies reveal key players in wheat nitrogen use efficiency under both high and low nitrogen supply. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4435-4456. [PMID: 33829261 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effective use of available nitrogen (N) to improve crop grain yields provides an important strategy to reduce environmental N pollution and promote sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the common genetic basis of N use efficiency (NUE) at varying N availability. Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in the field with high, moderate, and low N supply. Cultivar Zhoumai 27 outperformed Aikang 58 independent of the N supply and showed improved growth, canopy leaf area index, flag leaf surface area, grain number, and yield, and enhanced NUE due to both higher N uptake and utilization efficiency. Further, transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed using flag leaves that provide assimilates for grain growth. The results showed that many genes or proteins that are up- or down-regulated under all N regimes are associated with N and carbon metabolism and transport. This was reinforced by cultivar differences in photosynthesis, assimilate phloem transport, and grain protein/starch yield. Overall, our study establishes that improving NUE at both high and low N supply requires distinct adjustments in leaf metabolism and assimilate partitioning. Identified key genes/proteins may individually or concurrently regulate NUE and are promising targets for maximizing crop NUE irrespective of the N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WAUSA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Shuping Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Yihao Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianbiao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinming Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WAUSA
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Munguambe NE, Inoue S, Demeter Z, Yamagata Y, Yasui H, Zheng SH, Fujita D. Substitution Mapping of a Locus Responsible for Hybrid Breakdown in Populations Derived From Interspecific Introgression Line. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633247. [PMID: 33968097 PMCID: PMC8097182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid breakdown, a form of postzygotic reproductive barrier, has been reported to hinder gene flow in many crosses between wild and cultivated rice. Here, the phenomenon of hybrid breakdown was observed as low-tillering (i.e., low tiller number) in some progeny of an interspecific cross produced in an attempt to introduce Oryza meridionalis Ng (W1625) chromosomal segments into Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica "Taichung 65" (T65). Low-tillering lines were obtained in BC4-derived progeny from a cross between W1625 and "Taichung 65," but the locus for low-tillering could not be mapped in segregating populations. As a second approach to map the locus for low-tillering, we analyzed an F2 population derived from a cross between the low-tillering lines and a high-yielding indica cultivar, "Takanari." A major QTL for low-tillering, qLTN4, was detected between PCR-based markers MS10 and RM307 on the long arm of chromosome 4, with a LOD score of 15.6. The low-tillering phenotype was associated with weak growth and pale yellow phenotype; however, low-tillering plant had less reduction of grain fertility. In an F4 population (4896 plants), 563 recombinant plants were identified and the low-tillering locus was delimited to a 4.6-Mbp region between markers W1 and C5-indel3729. This region could not be further delimited because recombination is restricted in this region of qLTN4, which is near the centromere. Understanding the genetic basis of hybrid breakdown, including the low-tillering habit, will be important for improving varieties in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilsa Emilia Munguambe
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shouta Inoue
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Zita Demeter
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamagata
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideshi Yasui
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shao-Hui Zheng
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujita
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Niu K, Zhang R, Zhu R, Wang Y, Zhang D, Ma H. Cadmium stress suppresses the tillering of perennial ryegrass and is associated with the transcriptional regulation of genes controlling axillary bud outgrowth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:112002. [PMID: 33529920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a grass species with superior tillering capacity, plays a potential role in the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils. Tiller production is inhibited in response to serious Cd stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of Cd stress-induced inhibition of tiller development is not well documented. To address this issue, we investigated the phenotype, the expression levels of genes involved in axillary bud initiation and bud outgrowth, and endogenous hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways in seedlings of perennial ryegrass under Cd stress. The results showed that the number of tillers and axillary buds in the Cd-treated seedlings decreased by 67% and 21%, respectively. The suppression of tiller production in the Cd-treated seedlings was more closely associated with the inhibition of axillary bud outgrowth than with bud initiation. Cd stress upregulated the expression level of genes related to axillary bud dormancy and downregulated bud activity genes. Additionally, genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling, auxin transport and signaling, and cytokinin degradation were upregulated in Cd-treated seedlings, and cytokinin biosynthesis gene expression were decreased by Cd stress. The content of zeatin in the Cd-treated pants was significantly reduced by 69~85% compared to the control plants. The content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) remains constant under Cd stress. Overall, Cd stress induced axillary bud dormancy and subsequently inhibited axillary bud outgrowth. The decrease of zeatin content and upregulation of genes involved in strigolactone signaling and bud dormancy might be responsible for the inhibition of axillary bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiju Niu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Ruiting Zhu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2004384118. [PMID: 33836559 PMCID: PMC7980468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004384118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost a century, auxin had been well-known as the master regulator of apical dominance. Recently, however, sugars were shown to be the initial regulator of apical dominance, while strigolactones (SLs) and cytokinins (CKs) act downstream of auxin to control bud outgrowth. However, the interactions of the different pathways have remained outstanding questions. Here, we report that brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for the release of apical dominance in tomato. CK signaling relays information from auxin, SL, and sugars to promote the production of BRs, which activate the BZR1 transcription factor to suppress the expression of BRANCHED1, an inhibitor of bud outgrowth. These findings demonstrate that hormonal and metabolic pathways impinge on a common BR signaling for controlling shoot branching. The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.
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Fichtner F, Barbier FF, Annunziata MG, Feil R, Olas JJ, Mueller-Roeber B, Stitt M, Beveridge CA, Lunn JE. Regulation of shoot branching in arabidopsis by trehalose 6-phosphate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2135-2151. [PMID: 33068448 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a sucrose signalling metabolite that has been implicated in regulation of shoot branching, but its precise role is not understood. We expressed tagged forms of TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1 (TPS1) to determine where Tre6P is synthesized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and investigated the impact of localized changes in Tre6P levels, in axillary buds or vascular tissues, on shoot branching in wild-type and branching mutant backgrounds. TPS1 is expressed in axillary buds and the subtending vasculature, as well as in the leaf and stem vasculature. Expression of a heterologous Tre6P phosphatase (TPP) to lower Tre6P in axillary buds strongly delayed bud outgrowth in long days and inhibited branching in short days. TPP expression in the vasculature also delayed lateral bud outgrowth and decreased branching. Increased Tre6P in the vasculature enhanced branching and was accompanied by higher expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and upregulation of sucrose transporters. Increased vascular Tre6P levels enhanced branching in branched1 but not in ft mutant backgrounds. These results provide direct genetic evidence of a local role for Tre6P in regulation of axillary bud outgrowth within the buds themselves, and also connect Tre6P with systemic regulation of shoot branching via FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Francois F Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maria G Annunziata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Justyna J Olas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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Zhao X, Wen B, Li C, Tan Q, Liu L, Chen X, Li L, Fu X. Overexpression of the Peach Transcription Factor Early Bud-Break 1 Leads to More Branches in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681283. [PMID: 34220902 PMCID: PMC8247907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important adaptive trait that determines plant architecture. In a previous study, the Early bud-break 1 (EBB1) gene in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina) cultivar Zhongyou 4 was transformed into poplar (Populus trichocarpa). PpEBB1-oe poplar showed a more branched phenotype. To understand the potential mechanisms underlying the EBB1-mediated branching, transcriptomic and proteomics analyses were used. The results showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with light response, sugars, brassinosteroids (BR), and nitrogen metabolism were significantly enriched in PpEBB1-oe poplar. In addition, contents of sugars, BR, and amino acids were measured. Results showed that PpEBB1 significantly promoted the accumulation of fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and starch. Contents of brassinolide (BL), castasterone (CS), and 6-deoxocathasterone (6-deoxoCS) were all significantly changed with overexpressing PpEBB1. Various types of amino acids were measured and four of them were significantly improved in PpEBB1-oe poplar, including aspartic acid (Asp), arginine (Arg), cysteine (Cys), and tryptohpan (Trp). Taken together, shoot branching is a process controlled by a complex regulatory network, and PpEBB1 may play important roles in this process through the coordinating multiple metabolic pathways involved in shoot branching, including light response, phytohormones, sugars, and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
- Ling Li,
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiling Fu,
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Mallet J, Laufs P, Leduc N, Le Gourrierec J. Photocontrol of Axillary Bud Outgrowth by MicroRNAs: Current State-of-the-Art and Novel Perspectives Gained From the Rosebush Model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:770363. [PMID: 35173747 PMCID: PMC8841825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is highly dependent on environmental factors. While many species show some light dependence for branching, the rosebush shows a strict requirement for light to allow branching, making this species an excellent model to further understand how light impinges on branching. Here, in the first part, we provide a review of the current understanding of how light may modulate the complex regulatory network of endogenous factors like hormones (SL, IAA, CK, GA, and ABA), nutrients (sugar and nitrogen), and ROS to control branching. We review the regulatory contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to branching in different species, highlighting the action of such evolutionarily conserved factors. We underline some possible pathways by which light may modulate miRNA-dependent regulation of branching. In the second part, we exploit the strict light dependence of rosebush for branching to identify putative miRNAs that could contribute to the photocontrol of branching. For this, we first performed a profiling of the miRNAs expressed in early light-induced rosebush buds and next tested whether they were predicted to target recognized regulators of branching. Thus, we identified seven miRNAs (miR156, miR159, miR164, miR166, miR399, miR477, and miR8175) that could target nine genes (CKX1/6, EXPA3, MAX4, CYCD3;1, SUSY, 6PFK, APX1, and RBOHB1). Because these genes are affecting branching through different hormonal or metabolic pathways and because expression of some of these genes is photoregulated, our bioinformatic analysis suggests that miRNAs may trigger a rearrangement of the regulatory network to modulate branching in response to light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mallet
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: José Le Gourrierec,
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Li J, Wen S, Fan C, Zhang M, Tian S, Kang W, Zhao W, Bi C, Wang Q, Lu S, Guo W, Ni Z, Xie C, Sun Q, You M. Characterization of a major quantitative trait locus on the short arm of chromosome 4B for spike number per unit area in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2259-2269. [PMID: 32347319 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An InDel marker closely linked with a major and stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4BS, QSnpa.cau-4B, controlling spike number per unit area will benefit wheat yield improvement. Spike number per unit area (SNPA) is an essential yield-related trait, and analyzing its genetic basis is important for cultivar improvement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we used the F2 population derived from a cross between two wheat accessions displaying significant differences in SNPA to perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Through bulked segregant analysis, a major and stable QTL that explained 18.11-82.11% of the phenotypic variation was identified on chromosome 4BS. The QTL interval was validated using F4:5 and F6:7 families and narrowed it to a 24.91-38.36 Mb region of chromosome 4BS according to the 'Chinese Spring' reference genome sequence. In this region, variations in 16 genes caused amino acid changes and three genes were present in only one parent. Among these, we annotated a gene orthologous to TB1 in maize (Zea mays), namely TraesCS4B01G042700, which carried a 44-bp deletion in its promoter in the higher-SNPA parent. An InDel marker based on the insertion/deletion polymorphism was designed and used to diagnose the allelic distribution within a natural population. The frequency of the 44-bp deletion allele associated with higher SNPA was relatively low (13.24%), implying that this favorable allele has not been widely utilized and could be valuable for wheat yield improvement. In summary, we identified a major and stable QTL for SNPA and developed a diagnostic marker for the more-spiked trait, which will be beneficial for molecular-assisted breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Shaozhe Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Chaofeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Minghu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Wenjing Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Chan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshan You
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,, China.
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Gouda G, Gupta MK, Donde R, Kumar J, Parida M, Mohapatra T, Dash SK, Pradhan SK, Behera L. Characterization of haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Gn1a for high grain number formation in rice plant. Genomics 2020; 112:2647-2657. [PMID: 32087244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Natural Genetic Variation Underlying Tiller Development in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:1197-1212. [PMID: 31996357 PMCID: PMC7144072 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lateral branches called tillers contribute to grain yield and define shoot architecture, but genetic control of tiller number and developmental rate are not well characterized. The primary objectives of this work were to examine relationships between tiller number and other agronomic and morphological traits and identify natural genetic variation associated with tiller number and rate, and related traits. We grew 768 lines from the USDA National Small Grain Collection in the field and collected data over two years for tiller number and rate, and agronomic and morphological traits. Our results confirmed that spike row-type and days to heading are correlated with tiller number, and as much as 28% of tiller number variance was associated with these traits. In addition, negative correlations between tiller number and leaf width and stem diameter were observed, indicating trade-offs between tiller development and other vegetative growth. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with tiller number or rate. Of these, 40% overlapped QTL associated with days to heading and 22% overlapped QTL associated with spike row-type, further supporting that tiller development is associated with these traits. Some QTL associated with tiller number or rate, including the major QTL on chromosome 3H, were not associated with other traits, suggesting that some QTL may be directly related to rate of tiller development or axillary bud number. These results enhance our knowledge of the genetic control of tiller development in barley, which is important for optimizing tiller number and rate for yield improvement.
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Chen L, Zhao J, Song J, Jameson PE. Cytokinin dehydrogenase: a genetic target for yield improvement in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:614-630. [PMID: 31782596 PMCID: PMC7004901 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone group, the cytokinins, is implicated in both qualitative and quantitative components of yield. Cytokinins have opposing actions in shoot and root growth-actions shown to involve cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX), the enzyme that inactivates cytokinin. We revise and provide unambiguous names for the CKX gene family members in wheat, based on the most recently released wheat genome database, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 & v2.0. We review expression data of CKX gene family members in wheat, revealing tissue-specific gene family member expression as well as sub-genome-specific expression. Manipulation of CKX in cereals shows clear impacts on yield, root growth and orientation, and Zn nutrition, but this also emphasizes the necessity to unlink promotive effects on grain yield from negative effects of cytokinin on root growth and uptake of mineral nutrients, particularly Zn and Fe. Wheat is the most widely grown cereal crop globally, yet is under-research compared with rice and maize. We highlight gaps in our knowledge of the involvement of CKX for wheat. We also highlight the necessity for accurate analysis of endogenous cytokinins, acknowledging why this is challenging, and provide examples where inadequate analyses of endogenous cytokinins have led to unjustified conclusions. We acknowledge that the allohexaploid nature of bread wheat poses challenges in terms of uncovering useful mutations. However, we predict TILLING followed by whole-exome sequencing will uncover informative mutations and we indicate the potential for stacking mutations within the three genomes to modify yield components. We model a wheat ideotype based on CKX manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jiqiang Zhao
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | | | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
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42
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Zhu Y, Wagner D. Plant Inflorescence Architecture: The Formation, Activity, and Fate of Axillary Meristems. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a034652. [PMID: 31308142 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The above-ground plant body in different plant species can have very distinct forms or architectures that arise by recurrent redeployment of a finite set of building blocks-leaves with axillary meristems, stems or branches, and flowers. The unique architectures of plant inflorescences in different plant families and species, on which this review focuses, determine the reproductive success and yield of wild and cultivated plants. Major contributors to the inflorescence architecture are the activity and developmental trajectories adopted by axillary meristems, which determine the degree of branching and the number of flowers formed. Recent advances in genetic and molecular analyses in diverse flowering plants have uncovered both common regulatory principles and unique players and/or regulatory interactions that underlie inflorescence architecture. Modulating activity of these regulators has already led to yield increases in the field. Additional insight into the underlying regulatory interactions and principles will not only uncover how their rewiring resulted in altered plant form, but will also enhance efforts at optimizing plant architecture in desirable ways in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Bertheloot J, Barbier F, Boudon F, Perez-Garcia MD, Péron T, Citerne S, Dun E, Beveridge C, Godin C, Sakr S. Sugar availability suppresses the auxin-induced strigolactone pathway to promote bud outgrowth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:866-879. [PMID: 31529696 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Apical dominance occurs when the growing shoot tip inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds. Apically-derived auxin in the nodal stem indirectly inhibits bud outgrowth via cytokinins and strigolactones. Recently, sugar deprivation was found to contribute to this phenomenon. Using rose and pea, we investigated whether sugar availability interacts with auxin in bud outgrowth control, and the role of cytokinins and strigolactones, in vitro and in planta. We show that sucrose antagonises auxin's effect on bud outgrowth, in a dose-dependent and coupled manner. Sucrose also suppresses strigolactone inhibition of outgrowth and the rms3 strigolactone-perception mutant is less affected by reducing sucrose supply. However, sucrose does not interfere with the regulation of cytokinin levels by auxin and stimulates outgrowth even with optimal cytokinin supply. These observations were assembled into a computational model in which sucrose represses bud response to strigolactones, largely independently of cytokinin levels. It quantitatively captures our observed dose-dependent sucrose-hormones effects on bud outgrowth and allows us to express outgrowth response to various combinations of auxin and sucrose levels as a simple quantitative law. This study places sugars in the bud outgrowth regulatory network and paves the way for a better understanding of branching plasticity in response to environmental and genotypic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bertheloot
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - François Barbier
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Frédéric Boudon
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP & Univ. Montpellier, Avenue Agropolis, TA A-108/01, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Péron
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin Centre de Versailles-Grignon (IJPB), INRA, Agro-ParisTech, CNRS, Versailles, France
| | - Elizabeth Dun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Inria, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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Zhang X, Lin Z, Wang J, Liu H, Zhou L, Zhong S, Li Y, Zhu C, Liu J, Lin Z. The tin1 gene retains the function of promoting tillering in maize. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5608. [PMID: 31811145 PMCID: PMC6898233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet maize and popcorn retain tillering growth habit during maize diversification. However, the underlying molecular genetic mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that the retention of maize tillering is controlled by a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), tin1, which encodes a C2H2-zinc-finger transcription factor that acts independently of tb1. In sweet maize, a splice-site variant from G/GT to C/GT leads to intron retention, which enhances tin1 transcript levels and consequently increases tiller number. Comparative genomics analysis and DNA diversity analysis reveal that tin1 is under parallel selection across different cereal species. tin1 is involved in multiple pathways, directly represses two tiller-related genes, gt1 and Laba1/An-2, and interacts with three TOPLESS proteins to regulate the outgrowth of tiller buds. Our results support that maize tin1, derived from a standing variation in wild progenitor teosinte population, determines tillering retention during maize diversification. Unlike the other domesticated maize, sweet maize and popcorn retain tillering growth habit, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors identify a transcription factor tin1 that maintains outgrowth of tiller independent of tb1 and show its conservation in foxtail millet and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhelong Lin
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hangqin Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Leina Zhou
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyang Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Can Zhu
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongwei Lin
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Schneider A, Godin C, Boudon F, Demotes-Mainard S, Sakr S, Bertheloot J. Light Regulation of Axillary Bud Outgrowth Along Plant Axes: An Overview of the Roles of Sugars and Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1296. [PMID: 31681386 PMCID: PMC6813921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apical dominance, the process by which the growing apical zone of the shoot inhibits bud outgrowth, involves an intricate network of several signals in the shoot. Auxin originating from plant apical region inhibits bud outgrowth indirectly. This inhibition is in particular mediated by cytokinins and strigolactones, which move from the stem to the bud and that respectively stimulate and repress bud outgrowth. The action of this hormonal network is itself modulated by sugar levels as competition for sugars, caused by the growing apical sugar sink, may deprive buds from sugars and prevents bud outgrowth partly by their signaling role. In this review, we analyze recent findings on the interaction between light, in terms of quantity and quality, and apical dominance regulation. Depending on growth conditions, light may trigger different pathways of the apical dominance regulatory network. Studies pinpoint to the key role of shoot-located cytokinin synthesis for light intensity and abscisic acid synthesis in the bud for R:FR in the regulation of bud outgrowth by light. Our analysis provides three major research lines to get a more comprehensive understanding of light effects on bud outgrowth. This would undoubtedly benefit from the use of computer modeling associated with experimental observations to deal with a regulatory system that involves several interacting signals, feedbacks, and quantitative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schneider
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Soulaiman Sakr
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
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46
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Ye L, Wang Y, Long L, Luo H, Shen Q, Broughton S, Wu D, Shu X, Dai F, Li C, Zhang G. A Trypsin Family Protein Gene Controls Tillering and Leaf Shape in Barley. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:701-713. [PMID: 31427466 PMCID: PMC6776861 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tillering or branching is an important agronomic trait in plants, especially cereal crops. Previously, in barley (Hordeum vulgare) 'Vlamingh', we identified the high number of tillers1 (hnt1) mutant from a γ-ray-treated segregating population. hnt1 exhibited more tillers per plant, narrower leaves, and reduced plant height compared with the wild-type parent. In this study, we show that the hnt1-increased tiller number per plant is caused by accelerated outgrowth of tiller buds and that hnt1 narrower leaves are caused by a reduction in vascular tissue and cell number. Genetic analysis revealed that a 2-bp deletion in the gene HORVU2Hr1G098820 (HvHNT1), encoding a trypsin family protein, was responsible for the hnt1 mutant phenotype. Gene function was further confirmed by transgenic complementation with HvHNT1 and RNA interference experiments. HvHNT1 was expressed in vascular tissue, leaf axils, and adventitious root primordia and shown to negatively regulate tiller development. Mutation of HvHNT1 led to the accumulation of a putative cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase (HvPPIase), which physically interacts with the HvHNT1 protein in the nucleus of plant cells. Our data suggest that HvHNT1 controls tiller development and leaf width through HvPPIase, thus contributing to understanding of the molecular players that control tillering in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhen Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- New Rural Development Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Creative Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lizhi Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance/State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia 6132, Australia
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sue Broughton
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance/State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch Western Australia 6132, Australia
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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47
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Wolde GM, Schnurbusch T. Inferring vascular architecture of the wheat spikelet based on resource allocation in the branched head t (bh t-A1) near isogenic lines. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:1023-1035. [PMID: 32172750 DOI: 10.1071/fp19041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial genetic and physiological efforts were made to understand the causal factors of floral abortion and grain filling problem in wheat. However, the vascular architecture during wheat spikelet development is surprisingly under-researched. We used the branched headt near-isogenic lines, FL-bht-A1-NILs, to visualise the dynamics of spikelet fertility and dry matter accumulation in spikelets sharing the same rachis node (henceforth Primary Spikelet, PSt, and Secondary Spikelet, SSt). The experiment was conducted after grouping FL-bht-A1-NILs into two groups, where tillers were consistently removed from one group. Our results show differential spikelet fertility and dry matter accumulation between the PSt and SSt, but also showed a concomitant improvement after de-tillering. This suggests a tight regulation of assimilate supply and dry matter accumulation in wheat spikelets. Since PSt and SSt share the same rachis node, the main vascular bundle in the rachis/rachilla is expected to bifurcate to connect each spikelet/floret to the vascular system. We postulate that the vascular structure in the wheat spikelet might even follow Murray's law, where the wide conduits assigned at the base of the spikelet feed the narrower conduits of the distal florets. We discuss our results based on the two modalities of the vascular network systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw M Wolde
- Independent HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; and Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Independent HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; and Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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48
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Zhuang L, Ge Y, Wang J, Yu J, Yang Z, Huang B. Gibberellic acid inhibition of tillering in tall fescue involving crosstalks with cytokinins and transcriptional regulation of genes controlling axillary bud outgrowth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110168. [PMID: 31481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tiller production in grass species is controlled by both axillary bud initiation and bud outgrowth, which may be regulated by plant hormones. However, how gibberellic acid (GA) affects tillering in perennial grass species is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of GA in regulating tiller development. Tall fescue seedlings were treated with different concentrations of GA3 by foliar application, dose-dependent inhibitory effects of GA on tiller production were observed. GA3 (25 μM) slowed down the transition from axillary buds to tillers by specifically inhibiting the outgrowth of axillary buds. GA-inhibition of tillering were not related to endogenous content for auxin or strigolactone, but was mainly due to the antagonistic interaction with cytokinins (CK), as shown by the decreased CK content and up-regulation expression of CK degradation genes in GA3-treated plants. Furthermore, GA could act through regulating the expression of FaTB1 specifically expressed in axillary buds to repress bud outgrowth. These results provide insights for the regulatory mechanisms of GA for tiller bud outgrowth through crosstalks with CK and signaling of FaTB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhuang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jingjin Yu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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49
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An J, Niu H, Ni Y, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, He R, Li J, Jiao Z, Zhang J, Li H, Li Q, Niu J. The miRNA-mRNA Networks Involving Abnormal Energy and Hormone Metabolisms Restrict Tillering in a Wheat Mutant dmc. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4586. [PMID: 31533225 PMCID: PMC6770018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tillers not only determine plant architecture but also influence crop yield. To explore the miRNA regulatory network restraining tiller development in a dwarf-monoculm wheat mutant (dmc) derived from Guomai 301 (wild type, WT), we employed miRNome and transcriptome integrative analysis, real-time qRT-PCR, histochemistry, and determinations of the key metabolites and photosynthesis parameters. A total of 91 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified between dmc and WT. Among them, 40 key DEMs targeted 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including the key DEGs encode growth-regulating factors (GRF), auxin response factors (ARF), and other proteins involved in the metabolisms of hormones and carbohydrates, etc. Compared with WT, both the chlorophyll contents and the photosynthesis rate were lower in dmc. The contents of glucose, sucrose, fructose, and maltose were lower in dmc. The contents of auxin (IAA) and zeatin (ZA) were significantly lower, but gibberellin (GA) was significantly higher in the tiller tissues of dmc. This research demonstrated that the DEMs regulating hormone and carbohydrate metabolisms were important causes for dmc to not tiller. A primary miRNA-mRNA regulatory model for dmc tillering was established. The lower photosynthesis rate, insufficient energy, and abnormal hormone metabolisms restrict tillering in dmc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhang An
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hao Niu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yongjing Ni
- Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Yumei Jiang
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yongxing Zheng
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Ruishi He
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Junchang Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhixin Jiao
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Huijuan Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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50
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CsBRC1 inhibits axillary bud outgrowth by directly repressing the auxin efflux carrier CsPIN3 in cucumber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17105-17114. [PMID: 31391306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907968116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important agronomic trait that directly determines plant architecture and affects crop productivity. To promote crop yield and quality, axillary branches need to be manually removed during cucumber production for fresh market and thus are undesirable. Auxin is well known as the primary signal imposing for apical dominance and acts as a repressor for lateral bud outgrowth indirectly. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) family gene BRANCHED1 (BRC1) has been shown to be the central integrator for multiple environmental and developmental factors that functions locally to inhibit shoot branching. However, the direct molecular link between auxin and BRC1 remains elusive. Here we find that cucumber BRANCHED1 (CsBRC1) is expressed in axillary buds and displays a higher expression level in cultivated cucumber than in its wild ancestor. Knockdown of CsBRC1 by RNAi leads to increased bud outgrowth and reduced auxin accumulation in buds. We further show that CsBRC1 directly binds to the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (CsPIN3) and negatively regulates its expression in vitro and in vivo. Elevated expression of CsPIN3 driven by the CsBRC1 promoter results in highly branched cucumber with decreased auxin levels in lateral buds. Therefore, our data suggest that CsBRC1 inhibits lateral bud outgrowth by direct suppression of CsPIN3 functioning and thus auxin accumulation in axillary buds in cucumber, providing a strategy to breed for cultivars with varying degrees of shoot branching grown in different cucumber production systems.
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