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Charagh S, Hui S, Wang J, Raza A, Zhou L, Xu B, Zhang Y, Sheng Z, Tang S, Hu S, Hu P. Unveiling Innovative Approaches to Mitigate Metals/Metalloids Toxicity for Sustainable Agriculture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14226. [PMID: 38410873 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic activities, environmental pollution of heavy metals/metalloids (HMs) has increased and received growing attention in recent decades. Plants growing in HM-contaminated soils have slower growth and development, resulting in lower agricultural yield. Exposure to HMs leads to the generation of free radicals (oxidative stress), which alters plant morpho-physiological and biochemical pathways at the cellular and tissue levels. Plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms to avoid or tolerate the toxic effects of HMs, including HMs absorption and accumulation in cell organelles, immobilization by forming complexes with organic chelates, extraction via numerous transporters, ion channels, signaling cascades, and transcription elements, among others. Nonetheless, these internal defensive mechanisms are insufficient to overcome HMs toxicity. Therefore, unveiling HMs adaptation and tolerance mechanisms is necessary for sustainable agriculture. Recent breakthroughs in cutting-edge approaches such as phytohormone and gasotransmitters application, nanotechnology, omics, and genetic engineering tools have identified molecular regulators linked to HMs tolerance, which may be applied to generate HMs-tolerant future plants. This review summarizes numerous systems that plants have adapted to resist HMs toxicity, such as physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Diverse adaptation strategies have also been comprehensively presented to advance plant resilience to HMs toxicity that could enable sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Suozhen Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Nicotianamine: A Key Player in Metal Homeostasis and Hyperaccumulation in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10822. [PMID: 37446000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotianamine (NA) is a low-molecular-weight N-containing metal-binding ligand, whose accumulation in plant organs changes under metal deficiency or excess. Although NA biosynthesis can be induced in vivo by various metals, this non-proteinogenic amino acid is mainly involved in the detoxification and transport of iron, zinc, nickel, copper and manganese. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NA biosynthesis and its regulation, considers the mechanisms of NA secretion by plant roots, as well as the mechanisms of intracellular transport of NA and its complexes with metals, and its role in radial and long-distance metal transport. Its role in metal tolerance is also discussed. The NA contents in excluders, storing metals primarily in roots, and in hyperaccumulators, accumulating metals mainly in shoots, are compared. The available data suggest that NA plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation mechanisms. The study of metal-binding compounds is of interdisciplinary significance, not only regarding their effects on metal toxicity in plants, but also in connection with the development of biofortification approaches to increase the metal contents, primarily of iron and zinc, in agricultural plants, since the deficiency of these elements in food crops seriously affects human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Xue T, Liao X, Li H, Xie Y, Wei W, Chen J, Liu Z, Ji X. Remediation of Cd contaminated paddy fields by intercropping of the high- and low- Cd-accumulating rice cultivars. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163133. [PMID: 37001672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulators with crops have been widely applied in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils. However, most studies were done on drylands since the majority of the hyperaccumulators are susceptible to the aquatic environment, making the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy fields particularly difficult. Our study attempts to address the issue by intercropping the high-Cd-accumulating (henceforth, "high-Cd") rice cultivars with the low-Cd-accumulating (henceforth, "low-Cd") ones, and to study the Cd removal, uptake and translocation during the remediation process. The results indicated that intercropping mode with 20-cm row spacing (intercropping-20 treatment) performed better than the that with 30-cm row spacing (intercropping-30 treatment), while intercropping had stronger impact on late rice compared to early rice. In general, the physiological condition of rice was stable under the intercropping-20 treatment, suggesting the growth of rice was not impeded. For late rice, as the intercropping-20 treatment can significantly reduce soil pH and increase the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extracted Cd (DTPA-extracted Cd) from the rhizosphere soil, Cd accumulated more in the tissues of the high-Cd rice cultivars (H2), and its dry biomass increased. As a result, a drastic improvement in the total Cd removal rate by 38.55 % was noticed. Therefore, the reduction of total Cd concentration in 0-20 cm profile caused by removal, thus it could provide safer soil environment for the growth of low Cd-rice cultivars (L2), leading to a significant drop in the root Cd concentration and safer production of L2. Interestingly, intercropping had no effect on the yield per plant of low-Cd rice cultivars. For early rice, intercropping-20 treatment exerted trivial effects to all aspects. The intercropping-30 treatment has poor representativeness of all indicators because of the large intercropping distance. Our results demonstrate that intercropping of the high-Cd and the low-Cd rice cultivars is a potential mode for Cd remediation in paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agri-Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze River Plain, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hongying Li
- Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yunhe Xie
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agri-Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze River Plain, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agri-Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze River Plain, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agri-Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze River Plain, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhaobing Liu
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agri-Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze River Plain, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agri-Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze River Plain, Changsha 410125, China.
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Tang Z, Wang HQ, Chen J, Chang JD, Zhao FJ. Molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and detoxification of trace metals and metalloids in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:570-593. [PMID: 36546407 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations (e.g., Cu, Zn, Ni, Co), while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations (e.g., As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg). Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities. Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants, as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health. Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils. The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress, genotoxicity, programmed cell death, and disturbance in multiple physiological processes. Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding, complexation, vacuolar sequestration, efflux, and translocation. Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity, detoxification, and regulation, as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Sharma R, Lenaghan SC. Duckweed: a potential phytosensor for heavy metals. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2231-2243. [PMID: 35980444 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, heavy metal (HM) contamination is one of the primary causes of environmental pollution leading to decreased quality of life for those affected. In particular, HM contamination in groundwater poses a serious risk to human health and the potential for destabilization of aquatic ecosystems. At present, strategies to remove HM contamination from wastewater are inefficient, costly, laborious, and often the removal poses as much risk to the environment as the initial contamination. Phytoremediation, plant-based removal of contaminants from soil or water, has long been viewed as an economical and sustainable solution to remove toxic metals from the environment. However, to date, phytoremediation has demonstrated limited successes despite a large volume of literature supporting its potential. A key aspect for achieving robust and meaningful phytoremediation is the selection of a plant species that is well suited to the task. For the removal of pollutants from wastewater, hydrophytes, like duckweed, exhibit significant potential due to their rapid growth on nutrient-rich water, ease of collection, and ability to survive in various ecosystems. As a model for ecotoxicity studies, duckweed is an ideal candidate, as it is easy to cultivate under controlled and even sterile conditions, and the rapid growth enables multi-generational studies. Similarly, recent advances in the genetic engineering and genome-editing of duckweed will enable the transition from fundamental ecotoxicity studies to engineered solutions for phytoremediation of HMs. This review will provide insight into the suitability of duckweeds for phytoremediation of HMs and strategies for engineering next-generation duckweed to provide real-world environmental solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sharma
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 102 Food Safety and Processing Building 2600 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, B012 McCord Hall, 2640 Morgan Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 102 Food Safety and Processing Building 2600 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, B012 McCord Hall, 2640 Morgan Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Li X, Zhang L, Ren H, Wang X, Mi F. Zinc toxicity response in Ceratoides arborescens and identification of CaMTP, a novel zinc transporter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976311. [PMID: 36161019 PMCID: PMC9505901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for several physiological and biochemical processes. Changes in soil Zn levels can negatively affect plant physiology. Although the mechanism of Zn nutrition has been studied extensively in crops and model plants, there has been little research on steppe plants, particularly live in alkaline soils of arid and semiarid regions. Ceratoides arborescens is used in arid and semiarid regions as forage and ecological restoration germplasm, which is studied can enrich the mechanism of Zn nutrition. The plants were exposed to three different Zn treatments, Zn-deficient (-Zn 0 mM L-1), Zn-normal (Control, 0.015 mM L-1), and Zn-excess (+Zn, 0.15 mM L-1), for 3 weeks. Individual biomass, ion concentrations, photosynthetic system, and antioxidant characteristics were measured. High Zn supply significantly decreased plant biomass and induced chlorosis and growth defects and increased Zn concentration but decreased Fe and Ca concentrations, unlike in controls (p < 0.05). High Zn supply also reduced plant chlorophyll content, which consequently decreased the photosynthesis rate. Increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and soluble sugar and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase could resist the high-level Zn stress. In contrast, low Zn supply did not affect plant growth performance. We also identified a novel protein through RNA transcriptome analysis, named CaMTP, that complemented the sensitivity of a yeast mutant to excessive Zn, which was found to be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum through transient gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The gene CaMTP identified to be highly sensitive to Zn stress is a potential candidate for overcoming mineral stress in dicot crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- M-Grass Ecology and Environment (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fugui Mi
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Chorianopoulou SN, Bouranis DL. The Role of Sulfur in Agronomic Biofortification with Essential Micronutrients. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151979. [PMID: 35956455 PMCID: PMC9370111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants, being necessary for their growth and metabolism and exhibiting diverse roles throughout their life cycles. Inside the plant body, S is present either in one of its inorganic forms or incorporated in an organic compound. Moreover, organic S compounds may contain S in its reduced or oxidized form. Among others, S plays roles in maintaining the homeostasis of essential micronutrients, e.g., iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). One of the most well-known connections is homeostasis between S and Fe, mainly in terms of the role of S in uptake, transportation, and distribution of Fe, as well as the functional interactions of S with Fe in the Fe-S clusters. This review reports the available information describing the connections between the homeostasis of S and Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn in plants. The roles of S- or sulfur-derived organic ligands in metal uptake and translocation within the plant are highlighted. Moreover, the roles of these micronutrients in S homeostasis are also discussed.
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Zaborowska M, Wyszkowska J, Borowik A, Kucharski J. Effect of Separate and Combined Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Zinc on the Soil Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115937. [PMID: 35682625 PMCID: PMC9180857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The research objective was established by taking into account common sources of soil contamination with bisphenol A (B) and zinc (Zn2+), as well as the scarcity of data on the effect of metabolic pathways involved in the degradation of organic compounds on the complexation of zinc in soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of soil homeostasis disorders arising under the pressure of both the separate and combined toxicity of bisphenol A and Zn2+. With a broad pool of indicators, such as indices of the effect of xenobiotics (IFX), humic acid (IFH), plants (IFP), colony development (CD), ecophysiological diversity (EP), the Shannon-Weaver and the Simpson indices, as well as the index of soil biological fertility (BA21), the extent of disturbances was verified on the basis of enzymatic activity, microbiological activity, and structural diversity of the soil microbiome. A holistic character of the study was achieved, having determined the indicators of tolerance (IT) of Sorghum Moench (S) and Panicum virgatum (P), the ratio of the mass of their aerial parts to roots (PR), and the SPAD leaf greenness index. Bisphenol A not only failed to perform a complexing role towards Zn2+, but in combination with this heavy metal, had a particularly negative effect on the soil microbiome and enzymatic activity. The NGS analysis distinguished certain unique genera of bacteria in all objects, representing the phyla Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, as well as fungi classified as members of the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Sorghum Moench (S) proved to be more sensitive to the xenobiotics than Panicum virgatum (P).
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Frémont A, Sas E, Sarrazin M, Gonzalez E, Brisson J, Pitre FE, Brereton NJB. Phytochelatin and coumarin enrichment in root exudates of arsenic-treated white lupin. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:936-954. [PMID: 34392550 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic metalloids, such as arsenic, can represent a substantial human health and environmental risk. Some plants are thought to tolerate soil toxicity using root exudation, however, the nature of this response to arsenic remains largely unknown. Here, white lupin plants were exposed to arsenic in a semi-hydroponic system and their exudates were profiled using untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Arsenic concentrations up to 1 ppm were tolerated and led to the accumulation of 12.9 μg As g-1 dry weight (DW) and 411 μg As g-1 DW in above-ground and belowground tissues, respectively. From 193 exuded metabolites, 34 were significantly differentially abundant due to 1 ppm arsenic, including depletion of glutathione disulphide and enrichment of phytochelatins and coumarins. Significant enrichment of phytochelatins in exudates of arsenic-treated plants was further confirmed using exudate sampling with strict root exclusion. The chemical tolerance toolkit in white lupin included nutrient acquisition metabolites as well as phytochelatins, the major intracellular metal-binding detoxification oligopeptides which have not been previously reported as having an extracellular role. These findings highlight the value of untargeted metabolite profiling approaches to reveal the unexpected and inform strategies to mitigate anthropogenic pollution in soils around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Frémont
- University of Montreal-Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eszter Sas
- University of Montreal-Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics (C3G)-Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbiome Research Platform-McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4), Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Brisson
- University of Montreal-Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Emmanuel Pitre
- University of Montreal-Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Stanton C, Sanders D, Krämer U, Podar D. Zinc in plants: Integrating homeostasis and biofortification. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:65-85. [PMID: 34952215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plays many essential roles in life. As a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under environmental and cellular conditions, the Zn2+ cation is central in determining protein structure and catalytic function of nearly 10% of most eukaryotic proteomes. While specific functions of zinc have been elucidated at a molecular level in a number of plant proteins, wider issues abound with respect to the acquisition and distribution of zinc by plants. An important challenge is to understand how plants balance between Zn supply in soil and their own nutritional requirement for zinc, particularly where edaphic factors lead to a lack of bioavailable zinc or, conversely, an excess of zinc that bears a major risk of phytotoxicity. Plants are the ultimate source of zinc in the human diet, and human Zn deficiency accounts for over 400 000 deaths annually. Here, we review the current understanding of zinc homeostasis in plants from the molecular and physiological perspectives. We provide an overview of approaches pursued so far in Zn biofortification of crops. Finally, we outline a "push-pull" model of zinc nutrition in plants as a simplifying concept. In summary, this review discusses avenues that can potentially deliver wider benefits for both plant and human Zn nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale Sanders
- John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Dorina Podar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Low-molecular-weight ligands in plants: role in metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:51-96. [PMID: 32653983 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition is one of the key factors determining plant productivity. In plants, metal homeostasis is achieved through the functioning of a complex system governing metal uptake, translocation, distribution, and sequestration, leading to the maintenance of a regulated delivery of micronutrients to metal-requiring processes as well as detoxification of excess or non-essential metals. Low-molecular-weight ligands, such as nicotianamine, histidine, phytochelatins, phytosiderophores, and organic acids, play an important role in metal transport and detoxification in plants. Nicotianamine and histidine are also involved in metal hyperaccumulation, which determines the ability of some plant species to accumulate a large amount of metals in their shoots. In this review we extensively summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the main pathways for the biosynthesis of these ligands, their involvement in metal uptake, radial and long-distance transport, as well as metal influx, isolation and sequestration in plant tissues and cell compartments. It is analyzed how diverse endogenous ligand levels in plants can determine their different tolerance to metal toxic effects. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the physiological role of these compounds in metal homeostasis, which is an essential task of modern ionomics and plant physiology. It is of key importance in studying the influence of metal deficiency or excess on various physiological processes, which is a prerequisite to the improvement of micronutrient uptake efficiency and crop productivity and to the development of a variety of applications in phytoremediation, phytomining, biofortification, and nutritional crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276.
| | - A D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276
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12
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Meychik N, Nikolaeva Y, Kushunina M. The significance of ion-exchange properties of plant root cell walls for nutrient and water uptake by plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:140-147. [PMID: 34107383 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the key aspects of ion exchange and diffusion in plant root cell walls and the implications of these processes for the uptake of mineral nutrients and water under both normal and adverse environmental conditions. The data available to date shows that the ion-exchange properties of plant root cell walls are influenced by the plant age and growth conditions, and also vary between species. The cell wall volume and its ability to swell, which regulate the hydraulic conductivity of the cell wall, are determined by the pH and ionic strength of the external solution. It is concluded that the analysis of physico-chemical properties of plant cell wall is an important step in the understanding of the complex processes of water and nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Meychik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskiye gory 1/12, 119234, Russia.
| | - Yuliya Nikolaeva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskiye gory 1/12, 119234, Russia
| | - Maria Kushunina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskiye gory 1/12, 119234, Russia
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13
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Carrillo JT, Borthakur D. Methods for metal chelation in plant homeostasis: Review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:95-107. [PMID: 33826996 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal uptake, transport and storage in plants depend on specialized ligands with closely related functions. Individual studies differing by species, nutrient availability, tissue type, etc. are not comprehensive enough to understand plant metal homeostasis in its entirety. A thorough review is required that distinguishes the role of ligands directly involved in chelation from the myriad of plant responses to general stress. Distinguishing between the functions of metal chelating compounds is the primary focus of this review; reactive oxygen species mediation and other aspects of metal homeostasis are also discussed. High molecular weight ligands (polysaccharides, phytochelatin, metallothionein), low molecular weight ligands (nicotianamine, histidine, secondary metabolites) and select studies which demonstrate the complex nature of plant metal homeostasis are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Carrillo
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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14
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Corso M, An X, Jones CY, Gonzalez-Doblas V, Schvartzman MS, Malkowski E, Willats WGT, Hanikenne M, Verbruggen N. Adaptation of Arabidopsis halleri to extreme metal pollution through limited metal accumulation involves changes in cell wall composition and metal homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:669-682. [PMID: 33421150 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metallophytes constitute powerful models for the study of metal homeostasis, adaptation to extreme environments and the evolution of naturally selected traits. Arabidopsis halleri is a pseudometallophyte which shows constitutive zinc/cadmium (Zn/Cd) tolerance and Zn hyperaccumulation but high intraspecific variability in Cd accumulation. To examine the molecular basis of the variation in metal tolerance and accumulation, ionome, transcriptome and cell wall glycan array profiles were compared in two genetically close A. halleri populations from metalliferous and nonmetalliferous sites in Northern Italy. The metallicolous population displayed increased tolerance to and reduced hyperaccumulation of Zn, and limited accumulation of Cd, as well as altered metal homeostasis, compared to the nonmetallicolous population. This correlated well with the differential expression of transporter genes involved in trace metal entry and in Cd/Zn vacuolar sequestration in roots. Many cell wall-related genes were also more highly expressed in roots of the metallicolous population. Glycan array and histological staining analyses demonstrated that there were major differences between the two populations in terms of the accumulation of specific root pectin and hemicellulose epitopes. Our results support the idea that both specific cell wall components and regulation of transporter genes play a role in limiting accumulation of metals in A. halleri at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Xinhui An
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Catherine Yvonne Jones
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Verónica Gonzalez-Doblas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - M Sol Schvartzman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Eugeniusz Malkowski
- Plant Ecophysiology Team, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - William G T Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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15
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Peng JS, Guan YH, Lin XJ, Xu XJ, Xiao L, Wang HH, Meng S. Comparative understanding of metal hyperaccumulation in plants: a mini-review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1599-1607. [PMID: 32060864 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator plants are ideal models for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of plant metal homeostasis and environmental adaptation due to their notable traits of metal accumulation and tolerance. These traits may benefit either the biofortification of essential mineral nutrients or the phytoremediation of nonessential toxic metals. A common mechanism by which elevated expression of key genes involved in metal transport or chelation contributes to hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance was proposed mainly from studies examining two Brassicaceae hyperaccumulators, namely Arabidopsis halleri and Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens). Meanwhile, recent findings regarding systems outside the Brassicaceae hyperaccumulators indicated that functional enhancement of key genes might represent a strategy evolved by hyperaccumulator plants. This review provides a brief outline of metal hyperaccumulation in plants and highlights commonalities and differences among various hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Yu-Hao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Shuan Meng
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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16
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Chen P, Li Z, Luo D, Jia R, Lu H, Tang M, Hu Y, Yue J, Huang Z. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals key genes and pathways in two different cadmium tolerance kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivars. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128211. [PMID: 33297170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination has become a massive environmental problem. Kenaf is an industrial fiber crop with high tolerance to heavy metals and could be potentially used for soil phytoremediation. However, the molecular mechanism of Cd in kenaf tolerance remains largely unknown. In the present study, using two contrasting Cd sensitive kenaf (GH and YJ), the key factors accounting for differential Cd tolerance were investigated. GH has a stronger Cd transport and accumulation ability than YJ. In addition, physiological index investigation on malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities showed GH has a stronger detoxification capacity than YJ. Furthermore, the cell ultrastructure of GH is more stable than that of YJ under Cd stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2221 (689 up and 1532 down) and 3321 (2451 up and 870 down) genes were differentially expressed in GH and YJ, respectively. More DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were characterized as up-regulated in GH, indicating GH is inclined to activate gene expression to cope with cadmium stress. GO and KEGG analyses indicate that DEGs were assigned and enriched in different pathways. Plenty of critical Cd-induced DEGs such as SOD2, PODs, MT1, DTXs, NRT1, ABCs, CES, AP2/ERF, MYBs, NACs, and WRKYs were identified. The DEGs involved pathways, including antioxidant, heavy metal transport or detoxification, substance transport, plant hormone and calcium signals, ultrastructural component, and a wide range of transcription factors were suggested to play crucial roles in kenaf Cd tolerance, and accounting for the difference in Cd stress sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruixing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Meiqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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17
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Dou X, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. Strong accumulation capacity of hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. for low or insoluble Cd compounds in soil and its implication for phytoremediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127564. [PMID: 32673873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This experiment is to explore whether one hyperaccumulator shows the strongly accumulative capacities for low or insoluble Cd compounds in soil. Soil potting experiment was conducted to analyze the accumulation capacity of Solanum nigrum L. for 10 different Cd compounds under two levels. The results clearly indicated: The Cd concentrations of shoots and roots were very high for different Cd compounds in soils even with low or insoluble Cd compounds compared with easily soluble Cd in the treatments of soil contaminated with Cd at different concentrations. Furthermore, the EFs and TFs were all larger than 1 either. Based on the results, although the bioavailabilities of some Cd compounds in soil were lower, S. nigrum's ability to accumulate them was still very strong. Phytoremediation may be widely used to treat with soil contaminated by different cadmium compounds. In addition, the total Cd content is also very important in evaluating the risk of Cd contamination in soil. Thus, phytoextraction is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Dou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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18
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Balafrej H, Bogusz D, Triqui ZEA, Guedira A, Bendaou N, Smouni A, Fahr M. Zinc Hyperaccumulation in Plants: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E562. [PMID: 32365483 PMCID: PMC7284839 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential microelement involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. Abnormal zinc amounts, mostly due to human activities, can be toxic to flora, fauna, and humans. In plants, excess zinc causes morphological, biochemical, and physiological disorders. Some plants have the ability to resist and even accumulate zinc in their tissues. To date, 28 plant species have been described as zinc hyperaccumulators. These plants display several morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations resulting from the activation of molecular Zn hyperaccumulation mechanisms. These adaptations can be varied between species and within populations. In this review, we describe the physiological and biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in zinc hyperaccumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Balafrej
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et développement des Plantes, Université Montpellier 2, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Zine-El Abidine Triqui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelkarim Guedira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Najib Bendaou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
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19
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De-Jesús-García R, Rosas U, Dubrovsky JG. The barrier function of plant roots: biological bases for selective uptake and avoidance of soil compounds. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:383-397. [PMID: 32213271 DOI: 10.1071/fp19144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The root is the main organ through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant organism. In addition, root fulfils several other functions. Here, we propose that the root also performs the barrier function, which is essential not only for plant survival but for plant acclimation and adaptation to a constantly changing and heterogeneous soil environment. This function is related to selective uptake and avoidance of some soil compounds at the whole plant level. We review the toolkit of morpho-anatomical, structural, and other components that support this view. The components of the root structure involved in selectivity, permeability or barrier at a cellular, tissue, and organ level and their properties are discussed. In consideration of the arguments supporting barrier function of plant roots, evolutionary aspects of this function are also reviewed. Additionally, natural variation in selective root permeability is discussed which suggests that the barrier function is constantly evolving and is subject of natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramces De-Jesús-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenuenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Ulises Rosas
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenuenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico; and Corresponding author.
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20
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Corso M, García de la Torre VS. Biomolecular approaches to understanding metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in plants. Metallomics 2020; 12:840-859. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trace metal elements are essential for plant growth but become toxic at high concentrations, while some non-essential elements, such as Cd and As, show toxicity even in traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin
- Université Paris-Saclay
- INRAE
- AgroParisTech
- 78000 Versailles
| | - Vanesa S. García de la Torre
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
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21
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Grillet L, Schmidt W. Iron acquisition strategies in land plants: not so different after all. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:11-18. [PMID: 31220347 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to its ability to accept and donate electrons, iron (Fe) is an indispensable component of electron transport chains and a cofactor in many vital enzymes. Except for waterlogged conditions, under which the lack of oxygen prevents oxidation and precipitation of iron as Fe3+ hydroxides, the availability of iron in soils is generally far below the plant's demand for optimal growth. Plants have evolved two phylogenetically separated and elaborately regulated strategies to mobilize iron from the soil, featuring mechanisms which are thought to be mutually exclusive. However, recent studies uncovered several shared components of the two strategies, questioning the validity of the concept of mutual exclusivity. Here, we use publicly available data obtained from the model species rice (Oryza sativa) to unveil similarities and incongruities between co-expression networks derived from transcriptomic profiling of iron-deficient rice and Arabidopsis plants. This approach revealed striking similarities in the topographies of the resulting co-expression networks with relatively minor deviations in the molecular attributes of the comprised genes, which nonetheless lead to different physiological functions. The analysis also discovered several novel players that are possibly involved in the regulation plant adaptation to iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Grillet
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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22
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Carbonare LD, White MD, Shukla V, Francini A, Perata P, Flashman E, Sebastiani L, Licausi F. Zinc Excess Induces a Hypoxia-Like Response by Inhibiting Cysteine Oxidases in Poplar Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1614-1628. [PMID: 31019003 PMCID: PMC6752924 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus spp.) is a tree species considered for the remediation of soil contaminated by metals, including zinc (Zn). To improve poplar's capacity for Zn assimilation and compartmentalization, it is necessary to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that enable these features as well as their regulation at the molecular level. We observed that the molecular response of poplar roots to Zn excess overlapped with that activated by hypoxia. Therefore, we tested the effect of Zn excess on hypoxia-sensing components and investigated the consequence of root hypoxia on poplar fitness and Zn accumulation capacity. Our results suggest that high intracellular Zn concentrations mimic iron deficiency and inhibit the activity of the oxygen sensors Plant Cysteine Oxidases, leading to the stabilization and activation of ERF-VII transcription factors, which are key regulators of the molecular response to hypoxia. Remarkably, excess Zn and waterlogging similarly decreased poplar growth and development. Simultaneous excess Zn and waterlogging did not exacerbate these parameters, although Zn uptake was limited. This study unveils the contribution of the oxygen-sensing machinery to the Zn excess response in poplar, which may be exploited to improve Zn tolerance and increase Zn accumulation capacity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Shukla
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Francini
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emily Flashman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Biology Department, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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23
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Uraguchi S, Weber M, Clemens S. Elevated root nicotianamine concentrations are critical for Zn hyperaccumulation across diverse edaphic environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2003-2014. [PMID: 30809818 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri thrives across an extremely broad edaphic range. Zn hyperaccumulation is found on soils differing in available Zn by up to six orders of magnitude, raising the question as to whether a common set of mechanisms confers this species-wide ability. Elevated root concentrations of the metal chelator nicotianamine due to strong constitutive expression of AhNAS2 are important for hyperaccumulation. In order to analyse the relevance of AhNAS2 under more natural conditions representing a range of metalliferous and nonmetalliferous habitats, we collected soil at eight different A. halleri sites and cultivated wild-type and AhNAS2-RNAi lines in these soils. AhNAS2 transcript abundance and root nicotianamine concentrations in wild-type plants were barely influenced by soil metal concentrations. The RNAi effect was fully expressed in different soils. Zn hyperaccumulation in AhNAS2-silenced lines was significantly reduced in seven soils. Root-to-shoot translocation of Cd, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Co was also affected by AhNAS2 silencing, albeit to a lower extent and less consistently. Leaf Fe levels were unaffected by AhNAS2 knockdown. Results demonstrate that elevated nicotianamine production in roots of A. halleri is a Zn hyperaccumulation factor regardless of the edaphic environment, that is, contributes to Zn hyperaccumulation in soils with contrasting Zn availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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24
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Luo J, Liu Y, Tao Q, Hou Q, Wu K, Song Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Li J, Hashmi MLUR, Liang Y, Li T. Successive phytoextraction alters ammonia oxidation and associated microbial communities in heavy metal contaminated agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:616-625. [PMID: 30763842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction is an attractive strategy for remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metal (HM), yet the effects of this practice on biochemical processes involved in soil nutrient cycling remain unknown. Here we investigated the impact of successive phytoextraction with a Cd/Zn co-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii (Crassulaceae) on potential nitrification rates (PNRs), abundance and composition of nitrifying communities and functional genes associated with nitrification using archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling and quantitative real-time PCR. The PNRs in rhizosphere were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the unplanted soils, and decreased markedly with planting time. The decrease of PNR was more paralleled by changes in numbers of copy and transcript of archaeal amoA gene than the bacterial counterpart. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that phytoextraction induced shifts in community structure of soil group 1.1b lineage-dominated ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), Nitrosospira cluster 3-like ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). A strong positive correlation was observed between amoA gene transcript numbers and PNRs, whereas root exudates showed negative effect on PNR. This effect was further corroborated by incubation test with the concentrated root exudates of S. alfredii. Partial least squares path model demonstrated that PNR was predominantly controlled by number of AOA amoA gene transcripts which were strongly influenced by root exudation and HM level in soil. Our result reveals that successive phytoextraction of agricultural soil contaminated by HMs using S. alfredii could inhibit ammonia oxidation and thereby reduce nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiong Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Keren Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchao Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Laeeq Ur Rehman Hashmi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chen CL, Cui Y, Cui M, Zhou WJ, Wu HL, Ling HQ. A FIT-binding protein is involved in modulating iron and zinc homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1698-1714. [PMID: 29677391 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fe and Zn are essential micronutrients for plant growth, and the interrelationship regarding their homeostasis is very complicated. In this study, we identified a FIT-binding protein (FBP) using the yeast two-hybrid system. The C-terminus of FBP binds to the bHLH domain of FIT, abolishing the DNA-binding capacity of FIT. Knockout of FBP results in an enhanced expression of NAS genes and a higher nicotianamine content, and the fbp mutant exhibits tolerance to excessive Zn. Physiological analyses reveal that the mutant fbp retains a larger amount of Zn in roots and transfers a greater proportion of Fe to shoots than that in wild type under Zn-excessive stress. As FBP is expressed in the root stele, the negative regulation caused by sequestration of FIT is restricted to this tissue, whereas other FIT-regulated genes, such as IRT1 and FRO2, which mainly expressed in root epidermis, do not show transcriptional upregulation in the fbp mutant. As an antagonistic partner, FBP offers a new approach to spatially fine-tune the expression of genes controlled by FIT. In conclusion, our findings provide a new insight to understand the interrelationship of Fe and Zn homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Man Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui-Lan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Fu H, Yu H, Li T, Zhang X. Influence of cadmium stress on root exudates of high cadmium accumulating rice line (Oryza sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:168-175. [PMID: 29276952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment with two different cadmium (Cd) accumulating rice lines of Lu527-8 (the high Cd accumulating rice line) and Lu527-4 (the normal rice line) was carried out to explore the links among Cd stress, root exudates and Cd accumulation. The results showed that (1) Cd stress increased quantities of organic acids, but had no effect on composition in root exudates of the two rice lines. In Cd treatments, the contents of every detected organic acid in root exudates of Lu527-8 were 1.76-2.43 times higher than those of Lu527-4. Significant positive correlations between organic acids contents and Cd contents in plants were observed in both rice lines, except that malic acid was only highly relevant to Lu527-8, but not to Lu527-4. (2) Both composition and quantities of amino acids in root exudates changed a lot under Cd stress and this change differed in two rice lines. In control, four amino acids (glutamic acid, glycine, tyrosine and histidine) were detected in two rice lines. Under Cd stress, eight amino acids in Lu527-8 and seven amino acids in Lu527-4 could be detected, among which phenylalanine was only secreted by Lu527-8 and alanine, methionine and lysine were secreted by both rice lines. The contents of those four newly secreted amino acids from Lu527-8 increased significantly with the increase of Cd dose and each had a high-positive correlation with Cd contents, but the same change did not appear in Lu527-4. The difference between two rice lines in secretion of organic acids and amino acids may be related to their different Cd uptake properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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27
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Yao X, Ma F, Li Y, Ding X, Zou D, Niu Y, Bian H, Deng J. Effect of water cadmium concentration and water level on the growth performance of Salix triandroides cuttings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8002-8011. [PMID: 29305802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth performance of Salix triandroides cuttings at three water cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg L-1) and three water levels (- 40 cm, water level 40 cm below the soil surface; 0 cm, water level even with the soil surface; and 40 cm, water level 40 cm above soil surface) was investigated to evaluate its potential in phytoextraction strategies. Compared to cuttings in the - 40 or 0 cm water levels, cuttings in the 40 cm water level showed significantly lower biomass, height, and adventitious root length and significantly fewer leaves and adventitious roots. However, these growth and morphological parameters were not different among the three water Cd concentrations. Water level decreased stomatal conduction and transpiration rate but showed no significant effects on chlorophyll concentration or photosynthetic rate. Chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance were higher at 40 mg L-1 Cd treatment than at 0 or 20 mg L-1 Cd treatment; yet, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were not different. Cd concentration in the leaves and stems increased as the water level increased, but the highest Cd concentration in the roots occurred in the 0 cm water level. As water Cd concentration increased, Cd concentration in the leaves, stems, and roots increased in all three water levels, except in stems in the - 40 cm water level. Under Cd stress, cuttings in the - 40 or 0 cm water levels were characterized by a higher bioaccumulation coefficient, but a lower translocation factor, than those in the 40 cm water level. However, the bioaccumulation coefficient increased with increasing water Cd concentration in all three water levels, as did the translocation factor in the 40 cm water level. The tolerance index for the cuttings was the same among all water levels and water Cd concentrations. The results clearly indicated that the low water level increased plant growth and Cd accumulation in underground parts, while the high water level decreased plant growth but increased Cd accumulation in aboveground parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fengfeng Ma
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yandong Niu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Yueyang, 414000, China
| | - Hualin Bian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiajun Deng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Merlot S, Sanchez Garcia de la Torre V, Hanikenne M. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Trace Element Hyperaccumulation. AGROMINING: FARMING FOR METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Koźmińska A, Wiszniewska A, Hanus-Fajerska E, Muszyńska E. Recent strategies of increasing metal tolerance and phytoremediation potential using genetic transformation of plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 12:1-14. [PMID: 29503668 PMCID: PMC5829118 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-017-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Avoidance and reduction of soil contamination with heavy metals is one of the most serious global challenges. Nowadays, science offers us new opportunities of utilizing plants to extract toxic elements from the soil by means of phytoremediation. Plant abilities to uptake, translocate, and transform heavy metals, as well as to limit their toxicity, may be significantly enhanced via genetic engineering. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent strategies aimed at the improvement of plant phytoremediation potential using plant transformation and employing current achievements in nuclear and cytoplasmic genome transformation. Strategies for obtaining plants suitable for effective soil clean-up and tolerant to excessive concentrations of heavy metals are critically assessed. Promising directions in genetic manipulations, such as gene silencing and cis- and intragenesis, are also discussed. Moreover, the ways of overcoming disadvantages of phytoremediation using genetic transformation approachare proposed. The knowledge gathered here could be useful for designing new research aimed at biotechnological improvement of phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Koźmińska
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alina Wiszniewska
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Bothe H, Słomka A. Divergent biology of facultative heavy metal plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:45-61. [PMID: 29028613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metal plants (the metallophytes), facultative species can live both in soils contaminated by an excess of heavy metals and in non-affected sites. In contrast, obligate metallophytes are restricted to polluted areas. Metallophytes offer a fascinating biology, due to the fact that species have developed different strategies to cope with the adverse conditions of heavy metal soils. The literature distinguishes between hyperaccumulating, accumulating, tolerant and excluding metallophytes, but the borderline between these categories is blurred. Due to the fact that heavy metal soils are dry, nutrient limited and are not uniform but have a patchy distribution in many instances, drought-tolerant or low nutrient demanding species are often regarded as metallophytes in the literature. In only a few cases, the concentrations of heavy metals in soils are so toxic that only a few specifically adapted plants, the genuine metallophytes, can cope with these adverse soil conditions. Current molecular biological studies focus on the genetically amenable and hyperaccumulating Arabidopsis halleri and Noccaea (Thlaspi) caerulescens of the Brassicaceae. Armeria maritima ssp. halleri utilizes glands for the excretion of heavy metals and is, therefore, a heavy metal excluder. The two endemic zinc violets of Western Europe, Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria of the Aachen-Liège area and Viola lutea ssp. westfalica of the Pb-Cu-ditch of Blankenrode, Eastern Westphalia, as well as Viola tricolor ecotypes of Eastern Europe, keep their cells free of excess heavy metals by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which bind heavy metals. The Caryophyllaceae, Silene vulgaris f. humilis and Minuartia verna, apparently discard leaves when overloaded with heavy metals. All Central European metallophytes have close relatives that grow in areas outside of heavy metal soils, mainly in the Alps, and have, therefore, been considered as relicts of the glacial epoch in the past. However, the current literature favours the idea that hyperaccumulation of heavy metals serves plants as deterrent against attack by feeding animals (termed elemental defense hypothesis). The capability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals in A. halleri and N. caerulescens is achieved by duplications and alterations of the cis-regulatory properties of genes coding for heavy metal transporting/excreting proteins. Several metallophytes have developed ecotypes with a varying content of such heavy metal transporters as an adaption to the specific toxicity of a heavy metal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bothe
- Botanical Institute, The University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Str., 30-387 Cracow, Poland.
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31
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Chen YT, Wang Y, Yeh KC. Role of root exudates in metal acquisition and tolerance. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:66-72. [PMID: 28654805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants acquire mineral nutrients mostly through the rhizosphere; they secrete a large number of metabolites into the rhizosphere to regulate nutrient availability and to detoxify undesirable metal pollutants in soils. The secreted metabolites are inorganic ions, gaseous molecules, and mainly carbon-based compounds. This review focuses on the mechanisms and regulation of low-molecular-weight organic-compound exudation in terms of metal acquisition. We summarize findings on riboflavin/phenolic-facilitated and phytosiderophore-facilitated iron acquisition and discuss recent studies of the functions and secretion mechanisms of low-molecular-weight organic acids in heavy-metal detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tze Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Wang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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Structural and functional variability in root-associated bacterial microbiomes of Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7961-7976. [PMID: 28894921 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between roots and microbes affect plant's resistance to abiotic stress. However, the structural and functional variation of root-associated microbiomes and their effects on metal accumulation in hyperaccumulators remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize the root-associated microbiota of a hyperaccumulating (HP) and a non-hyperaccumulating (NHP) genotype of Sedum alfredii by 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling. We show that distinct microbiomes are observed in four spatially separable compartments: the bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere. Both the rhizosphere and rhizoplane were preferentially colonized by Proteobacteria, and the endosphere by Actinobacteria. The rhizosphere and endophytic microbiomes were dominated by the family of Sphingomonadaceae and Streptomycetaceae, respectively, which benefited for their survival and adaptation. The bacterial α-diversity decreases along the spatial gradient from the rhizosphere to the endosphere. Soil type and compartment were strongest determinants of root-associated community variation, and host genotype explained a small, but significant amount of variation. The enrichment of Bacteroidetes and depletion of Firmicutes and Planctomycetes in the HP endosphere compared with that of the NHP genotype may affect metal hyperaccumulation. Program PICRUSt predicted moderate functional differences in bacterial consortia across rhizocompartments and soil types. The functional categories involved in membrane transporters (specifically ATP-binding cassette transporters) and energy metabolism were overrepresented in endosphere of HP in comparison with NHP genotypes. Taken together, our study reveals substantial variation in structure and function of microbiomes colonizing different compartments, with the endophytic microbiota potentially playing an important role in heavy metal hyperaccumulation.
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Sitko K, Rusinowski S, Kalaji HM, Szopiński M, Małkowski E. Photosynthetic Efficiency as Bioindicator of Environmental Pressure in A. halleri. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:290-302. [PMID: 28455400 PMCID: PMC5580744 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In earlier ecophysiological studies that were conducted on Arabidopsis halleri plants, scientists focused on the mechanisms of Cd and Zn hyperaccumulation but did not take into consideration the environmental factors that can significantly affect the physiological responses of plants in situ. In this study, we investigated A. halleri that was growing on two nonmetalliferous and three metalliferous sites, which were characterized by different environmental conditions. We compared these populations in order to find differences within the metallicolous and nonmetallicolous groups that have not yet been investigated. The concentrations of several elements in the plant and soil samples also were investigated. To our knowledge, the concentration and fluorescence of chlorophyll were measured for A. halleri in situ for the first time. Our study confirmed the hyperaccumulation of Cd and Zn for each metallicolous population. For the metallicolous populations, the inhibition of parameters that describe the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus with increasing accumulations of heavy metals in the shoots also was observed. It was found that the nonmetallicolous plant populations from the summit of Ciemniak Mountain had larger antenna dimensions and chlorophyll content but a lower percentage of active reaction centers. To our knowledge, in this study, the internal high physiological diversity within the populations that inhabit metalliferous and nonmetalliferous sites is presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Hazem M Kalaji
- SI Technology, 01-460 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szopiński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Małkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Xu D, Hanschen FS, Witzel K, Nintemann SJ, Nour-Eldin HH, Schreiner M, Halkier BA. Rhizosecretion of stele-synthesized glucosinolates and their catabolites requires GTR-mediated import in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3205-3214. [PMID: 27702989 PMCID: PMC5853541 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Casparian strip-generated apoplastic barriers not only control the radial flow of both water and ions but may also constitute a hindrance for the rhizosecretion of stele-synthesized phytochemicals. Here, we establish root-synthesized glucosinolates (GLS) are in Arabidopsis as a model to study the transport routes of plant-derived metabolites from the site of synthesis to the rhizosphere. Analysing the expression of GLS synthetic genes in the root indicate that the stele is the major site for the synthesis of aliphatic GLS, whereas indole GLS can be synthesized in both the stele and the cortex. Sampling root exudates from the wild type and the double mutant of the GLS importers GTR1 and GTR2 show that GTR-mediated retention of stele-synthesized GLS is a prerequisite for the exudation of both intact GLS and their catabolites into the rhizosphere. The expression of the GTRs inside the stele, combined with the previous observation that GLS are exported from biosynthetic cells, suggest three possible routes of stele-synthesized aliphatic GLS after their synthesis: (i) GTR-dependent import to cells symplastically connected to the cortical cells and the rhizosphere; (ii) GTR-independent transport via the xylem to the shoot; and (iii) GTR-dependent import to GLS-degrading myrosin cells at the cortex. The study suggests a previously undiscovered role of the import process in the rhizosecretion of root-synthesized phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Franziska S Hanschen
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Department of Plant Health, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Nintemann
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Chang HF, Wang SL, Yeh KC. Effect of Gallium Exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana is Similar to Aluminum Stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1241-1248. [PMID: 28088849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although gallium (Ga) is a rare element, it is widely used in semiconductor devices. Ga contamination of the environment has been found in semiconductor-producing countries. Here, the physiological and molecular impacts of Ga in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in medium culture. The primary symptom of Ga toxicity is inhibition of root growth. The increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA) suggests that Ga stress could cause oxidative damage in plants. Roots were the main Ga accumulating sites. The distinctive Ga granules were deposited within the intercellular space in roots. The granules are Ga(OH)3 precipitation, which indicates immobilization or limited translocation of Ga in A. thaliana. Ga stress induces root secretion of organic acids such as citrate and malate. The expression of the transporters AtALMT and AtMATE, responsible for citrate and malate secretion, respectively, were elevated under Ga stress, so the secretion may play a role in the resistance. Indeed, supplying exogenous citrate significantly enhanced Ga tolerance. The overall response to Ga exposure in A. thaliana is highly similar to that with aluminum stress. Our findings provide information for risk assessment in Ga-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Li Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
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36
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Lo JC, Tsednee M, Lo YC, Yang SC, Hu JM, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T, Lee DC, Yeh KC. Evolutionary analysis of iron (Fe) acquisition system in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:569-83. [PMID: 26948158 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To acquire appropriate iron (Fe), vascular plants have developed two unique strategies, the reduction-based strategy I of nongraminaceous plants for Fe(2+) and the chelation-based strategy II of graminaceous plants for Fe(3+) . However, the mechanism of Fe uptake in bryophytes, the earliest diverging branch of land plants and dominant in gametophyte generation is less clear. Fe isotope fractionation analysis demonstrated that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha uses reduction-based Fe acquisition. Enhanced activities of ferric chelate reductase and proton ATPase were detected under Fe-deficient conditions. However, M. polymorpha did not show mugineic acid family phytosiderophores, the key components of strategy II, or the precursor nicotianamine. Five ZIP (ZRT/IRT-like protein) homologs were identified and speculated to be involved in Fe uptake in M. polymorpha. MpZIP3 knockdown conferred reduced growth under Fe-deficient conditions, and MpZIP3 overexpression increased Fe content under excess Fe. Thus, a nonvascular liverwort, M. polymorpha, uses strategy I for Fe acquisition. This system may have been acquired in the common ancestor of land plants and coopted from the gametophyte to sporophyte generation in the evolution of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chi Lo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chung Yang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Der-Chuen Lee
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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38
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Tsednee M, Huang YC, Chen YR, Yeh KC. Identification of metal species by ESI-MS/MS through release of free metals from the corresponding metal-ligand complexes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26785. [PMID: 27240899 PMCID: PMC4886218 DOI: 10.1038/srep26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used to analyze metal species in a variety of samples. Here, we describe an application for identifying metal species by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with the release of free metals from the corresponding metal-ligand complexes. The MS/MS data were used to elucidate the possible fragmentation pathways of different metal-deoxymugineic acid (-DMA) and metal-nicotianamine (-NA) complexes and select the product ions with highest abundance that may be useful for quantitative multiple reaction monitoring. This method can be used for identifying different metal-ligand complexes, especially for metal species whose mass spectra peaks are clustered close together. Different metal-DMA/NA complexes were simultaneously identified under different physiological pH conditions with this method. We further demonstrated the application of the technique for different plant samples and with different MS instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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39
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Morina F, Jovanović L, Prokić L, Veljović-Jovanović S, Smith JAC. Physiological basis of differential zinc and copper tolerance of Verbascum populations from metal-contaminated and uncontaminated areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10005-20. [PMID: 26865485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination represents a strong selective pressure favoring tolerant genotypes and leading to differentiation between plant populations. We investigated the adaptive capacity of early-colonizer species of Verbascum recently exposed to Zn- and Cu-contaminated soils (10-20 years). Two Verbascum thapsus L. populations from uncontaminated sites (NMET1, NMET2), one V. thapsus from a zinc-contaminated site (MET1), and a Verbascum lychnitis population from an open-cast copper mine (MET2) were exposed to elevated Zn or Cu in hydroponic culture under glasshouse conditions. MET populations showed considerably higher tolerance to both Zn and Cu than NMET populations as assessed by measurements of growth and net photosynthesis, yet they accumulated higher tissue Zn concentrations in the shoot. Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration increased with Zn and Cu treatment in the NMET populations, which was correlated to stomatal closure, decrease of net photosynthesis, and nutritional imbalance, indicative of interference with xylem loading and divalent-cation homeostasis. At the cellular level, the sensitivity of NMET2 to Zn and Cu was reflected in significant metal-induced ROS accumulation and ion leakage from roots as well as strong induction of peroxidase activity (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), while Zn had no significant effect on ABA concentration and POD activity in MET1. Interestingly, MET2 had constitutively higher root ABA concentration and POD activity. We propose that ABA distribution between shoots and roots could represent an adaptive mechanism for maintaining low ABA levels and unaffected stomatal conductance. The results show that metal tolerance can occur in Verbascum populations after relatively short time of exposure to metal-contaminated soil, indicating their potential use for phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filis Morina
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Veljović-Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
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40
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Krężel A, Maret W. The biological inorganic chemistry of zinc ions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:3-19. [PMID: 27117234 PMCID: PMC5120989 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The solution and complexation chemistry of zinc ions is the basis for zinc biology. In living organisms, zinc is redox-inert and has only one valence state: Zn(II). Its coordination environment in proteins is limited by oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur donors from the side chains of a few amino acids. In an estimated 10% of all human proteins, zinc has a catalytic or structural function and remains bound during the lifetime of the protein. However, in other proteins zinc ions bind reversibly with dissociation and association rates commensurate with the requirements in regulation, transport, transfer, sensing, signalling, and storage. In contrast to the extensive knowledge about zinc proteins, the coordination chemistry of the “mobile” zinc ions in these processes, i.e. when not bound to proteins, is virtually unexplored and the mechanisms of ligand exchange are poorly understood. Knowledge of the biological inorganic chemistry of zinc ions is essential for understanding its cellular biology and for designing complexes that deliver zinc to proteins and chelating agents that remove zinc from proteins, for detecting zinc ion species by qualitative and quantitative analysis, and for proper planning and execution of experiments involving zinc ions and nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (ZnO). In most investigations, reference is made to zinc or Zn2+ without full appreciation of how biological zinc ions are buffered and how the d-block cation Zn2+ differs from s-block cations such as Ca2+ with regard to significantly higher affinity for ligands, preference for the donor atoms of ligands, and coordination dynamics. Zinc needs to be tightly controlled. The interaction with low molecular weight ligands such as water and inorganic and organic anions is highly relevant to its biology but in contrast to its coordination in proteins has not been discussed in the biochemical literature. From the discussion in this article, it is becoming evident that zinc ion speciation is important in zinc biochemistry and for biological recognition as a variety of low molecular weight zinc complexes have already been implicated in biological processes, e.g. with ATP, glutathione, citrate, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, nicotianamine, or bacillithiol. Zinc ions not bound to proteins have critical roles in cell biology. Zinc has a unique coordination chemistry, poorly appreciated in the biosciences. Its coordination chemistry is significantly different from that of calcium ions. Specific conditions apply for buffering cellular zinc ions. Investigations with zinc need to consider solution chemistry and metal buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Krężel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Metal Metabolism Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences of Medicine, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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41
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Huguet S, Isaure MP, Bert V, Laboudigue A, Proux O, Flank AM, Vantelon D, Sarret G. Fate of cadmium in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis halleri grown in a contaminated dredged sediment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:468-480. [PMID: 26233782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In regions impacted by mining and smelting activities, dredged sediments are often contaminated with metals. Phytotechnologies could be used for their management, but more knowledge on the speciation of metals in the sediment and on their fate after colonization by plant roots is needed. This work was focused on a dredged sediment from the Scarpe river (North of France), contaminated with Zn and Cd. Zn, Cd hyperaccumulating plants Arabidopsis halleri from metallicolous and non-metallicolous origin were grown on the sediment for five months in a pot experiment. The nature and extent of the modifications in Cd speciation with or without plant were determined by electron microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence and bulk and micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In addition, changes in Cd exchangeable and bioavailable pools were evaluated, and Cd content in leachates was measured. Finally, Cd plant uptake and plant growth parameters were monitored. In the original sediment, Cd was present as a mixed Zn, Cd, Fe sulfide. After five months, although pots still contained reduced sulfur, Cd-bearing sulfides were totally oxidized in vegetated pots, whereas a minor fraction (8%) was still present in non-vegetated ones. Secondary species included Cd bound to O-containing groups of organic matter and Cd phosphates. Cd exchangeability and bioavailability were relatively low and did not increase during changes in Cd speciation, suggesting that Cd released by sulfide oxidation was readily taken up with strong interactions with organic matter and phosphate ligands. Thus, the composition of the sediment, the oxic conditions and the rhizospheric activity (regardless of the plant origin) created favorable conditions for Cd stabilization. However, it should be kept in mind that returning to anoxic conditions may change Cd speciation, so the species formed cannot be considered as stable on the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séphanie Huguet
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour and CNRS, Hélioparc, 2 Av. Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France; INERIS, Parc technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; EMDouai, MPE-GCE, 930 Boulevard Lahure, 59500 Douai, France.
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour and CNRS, Hélioparc, 2 Av. Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Valérie Bert
- INERIS, Parc technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Olivier Proux
- OSUG, UMS832 CNRS/UJF, 414 rue de la piscine, 38400 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Anne-Marie Flank
- Beamline LUCIA, SLS, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Vantelon
- Beamline LUCIA, SLS, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Géraldine Sarret
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
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Ricachenevsky FK, Menguer PK, Sperotto RA, Fett JP. Got to hide your Zn away: Molecular control of Zn accumulation and biotechnological applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:1-17. [PMID: 26025516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, with key catalytic and structural functions. Zn deficiency in plants, common in alkaline soils, results in growth arrest and sterility. On the other hand, Zn can become toxic at elevated concentrations. Several studies revealed molecules involved with metal acquisition in roots, distribution within the plant and translocation to seeds. Transmembrane Zn transport proteins and Zn chelators are involved in avoiding its toxic effects. Plant species with the capacity to hyperaccumulate and hypertolerate Zn have been characterized. Plants that accumulate and tolerate high amounts of Zn and produce abundant biomass may be useful for phytoremediation, allowing cleaning of metal-contaminated soils. The study of Zn hyperaccumulators may provide indications of genes and processes useful for biofortification, for developing crops with high amounts of nutrients in edible tissues. Future research needs to focus on functional characterization of Zn transporters in planta, elucidation of Zn uptake and sensing mechanisms, and on understanding the cross-talk between Zn homeostasis and other physiological processes. For this, new research should use multidisciplinary approaches, combining traditional and emerging techniques, such as genome-encoded metal sensors and multi-element imaging, quantification and speciation using synchrotron-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Janette Palma Fett
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Cornu JY, Deinlein U, Höreth S, Braun M, Schmidt H, Weber M, Persson DP, Husted S, Schjoerring JK, Clemens S. Contrasting effects of nicotianamine synthase knockdown on zinc and nickel tolerance and accumulation in the zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:738-750. [PMID: 25545296 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nicotianamine synthesis in roots of Arabidopsis halleri has been established as a zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation factor. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of nicotianamine-dependent root-to-shoot translocation of metals. Metal tolerance and accumulation in wild-type (WT) and AhNAS2-RNA interference (RNAi) plants were analysed. Xylem exudates were subjected to speciation analysis and metabolite profiling. Suppression of root nicotianamine synthesis had no effect on Zn and cadmium (Cd) tolerance but rendered plants nickel (Ni)-hypersensitive. It also led to a reduction of Zn root-to-shoot translocation, yet had the opposite effect on Ni mobility, even though both metals form coordination complexes of similar stability with nicotianamine. Xylem Zn concentrations were positively, yet nonstoichiometrically, correlated with nicotianamine concentrations. Two fractions containing Zn coordination complexes were detected in WT xylem. One of them was strongly reduced in AhNAS2-suppressed plants and coeluted with (67) Zn-labelled organic acid complexes. Organic acid concentrations were not responsive to nicotianamine concentrations and sufficiently high to account for complexing the coordinated Zn. We propose a key role for nicotianamine in controlling the efficiency of Zn xylem loading and thereby the formation of Zn coordination complexes with organic acids, which are the main Zn ligands in the xylem but are not rate-limiting for Zn translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Cornu
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; INRA, UMR 1391 ISPA, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, F-33170, Gradignan, France
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44
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Abstract
Root exudation of nicotianamine is required for excess zinc tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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