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Mao Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Xu Q, Liu JH, Li C. Vacuolar proteomic analysis reveals tonoplast transporters for accumulation of citric acid and sugar in citrus fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad249. [PMID: 38288255 PMCID: PMC10822839 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vacuole largely dictates the fruit taste and flavor, as most of the sugars and organic acids are stored in the vacuoles of the fruit. However, difficulties associated with vacuole separation severely hinder identification and characterization of vacuolar proteins in fruit species. In this study, we established an effective approach for separating vacuoles and successfully purified vacuolar protein from six types of citrus fruit with varying patterns of sugar and organic acid contents. By using label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis, 1443 core proteins were found to be associated with the essential functions of vacuole in citrus fruit. Correlation analysis of metabolite concentration with proteomic data revealed a transporter system for the accumulation of organic acid and soluble sugars in citrus. Furthermore, we characterized the physiological roles of selected key tonoplast transporters, ABCG15, Dict2.1, TMT2, and STP7 in the accumulation of citric acid and sugars. These findings provide a novel perspective and practical solution for investigating the transporters underlying the formation of citrus taste and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Mao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeqi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Gann PJI, Dharwadker D, Cherati SR, Vinzant K, Khodakovskaya M, Srivastava V. Targeted mutagenesis of the vacuolar H + translocating pyrophosphatase gene reduces grain chalkiness in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1261-1276. [PMID: 37256847 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grain chalkiness is a major concern in rice production because it impacts milling yield and cooking quality, eventually reducing market value of the rice. A gene encoding vacuolar H+ translocating pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) is a major quantitative trait locus in indica rice, controlling grain chalkiness. Higher transcriptional activity of this gene is associated with increased chalk content. However, whether the suppression of V-PPase could reduce chalkiness is not clear. Furthermore, natural variation in the chalkiness of japonica rice has not been linked with V-PPase. Here, we describe promoter targeting of the japonica V-PPase allele that led to reduced grain chalkiness and the development of more translucent grains. Disruption of a putative GATA element by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 suppressed V-PPase activity, reduced grain chalkiness and impacted post-germination growth that could be rescued by the exogenous supply of sucrose. The mature grains of the targeted lines showed a much lower percentage of large or medium chalk. Interestingly, the targeted lines developed a significantly lower chalk under heat stress, a major inducer of grain chalk. Metabolomic analysis showed that pathways related to starch and sugar metabolism were affected in the developing grains of the targeted lines that correlated with higher inorganic pyrophosphate and starch contents and upregulation of starch biosynthesis genes. In summary, we show a biotechnology approach of reducing grain chalkiness in rice by downregulating the transcriptional activity of V-PPase that presumably leads to altered metabolic rates, including starch biosynthesis, resulting in more compact packing of starch granules and formation of translucent rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James Icalia Gann
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Dominic Dharwadker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, West Maple Street, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sajedeh Rezaei Cherati
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 727704, USA
| | - Kari Vinzant
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 727704, USA
| | - Mariya Khodakovskaya
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 727704, USA
| | - Vibha Srivastava
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, 315 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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3
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Omer S, Macero C, Daga D, Zheng K, Jeong J. An Adapted Protocol for Quantitative Rhizosphere Acidification Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2665:37-46. [PMID: 37166591 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3183-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Acidification of the rhizosphere is a key process in the homeostasis of multiple essential nutrients, including iron. Under iron deficiency, the release of protons from the roots helps solubilize and increase the accessibility of iron in the soil. Rhizosphere acidification has been widely examined in many iron homeostasis studies, generally using a qualitative method based on the color change of bromocresol purple, a pH indicator dye, near the roots. In this chapter, we introduce an adapted version of a rhizosphere acidification assay protocol that allows for the quantitative assessment of small pH changes in the rhizosphere. This colorimetric method also utilizes bromocresol purple, but the ratio of its absorbance at 434 nm and 588 nm is considered to quantify protons released into the assay solution. Furthermore, the assay is compatible with small sample volumes, such as those with young Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Omer
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
- Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Claire Macero
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Dayishaa Daga
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Zheng
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeeyon Jeong
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA.
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4
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Drincovich MF, Maurino VG. Adjustments of carbon allocation and stomatal dynamics by target localized strategies to increase crop productivity under changing climates. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 272:153685. [PMID: 35364488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop productivity to ensure food security for future generations is one of the greatest challenges in current plant research. This challenge is even greater due to global climate changes, as enhancing crop yields must occur against the backdrop of increasingly changing environments, particularly rising temperatures and water constraints. Global crop yield growth depends on an improved dynamic balance between carbon and water usage. Here we discuss different approaches that highlight the role of vascular tissue and guard cells in attempting to mitigate the carbon-water trade-off. We argue that crop engineering in the future will require the incorporation of a combination of improved traits. Since targeted gene modifications generally produce fewer undesirable pleiotropic effects than constitutive modifications, we envision that modifications of specific cell types, such as phloem companion cells and guard cells, represent an effective approach for adding beneficial gene modifications in the same plant. This approach will enable trait stacking to design future crops with both high yield and resilience to various climate change stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Gene regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to combat salt stress in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1556-1572. [PMID: 34260753 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major challenge that will be faced more and more by human population in the near future. Higher salt concentrations in the soil limit the growth and production of crops, which poses serious threats to global food production. Various plant breeding approaches have been followed in the past which are reported to reduce the effect of salt stress by inducing the level of protective metabolites like osmolytes and antioxidants. Conventional breeding approaches are time-consuming and not cost-effective. In recent times, genetic engineering has been largely followed to confer salt tolerance through introgressions of single transgenes or stacking multiple transgenes. However, most of such works are limited only at the laboratory level and field trials are still awaited to prove the long-term efficacy of such transgenics. In this review, we attempt to present a broad overview of the current strategies undertaken to develop halophytic and salt-tolerant crops. The salt-induced damages in the plants are highlighted, followed by representing the novel traits, associated with salt stress, which can be used for engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic crops. Additionally, the role of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in plants for amelioration of salt-induced damages has been reviewed. The role of post-transcriptional mechanisms such as microRNA regulation, genome editing and alternative splicing, during salt stress, and their implications in the development of salt-tolerant crops are also discussed. Finally, we present a short overview about the role of ion transporters and rhizobacteria in the engineering of salt tolerance in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
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6
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Yang X, Liu D, Lu H, Weston DJ, Chen JG, Muchero W, Martin S, Liu Y, Hassan MM, Yuan G, Kalluri UC, Tschaplinski TJ, Mitchell JC, Wullschleger SD, Tuskan GA. Biological Parts for Plant Biodesign to Enhance Land-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9798714. [PMID: 37849951 PMCID: PMC10521660 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9798714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A grand challenge facing society is climate change caused mainly by rising CO2 concentration in Earth's atmosphere. Terrestrial plants are linchpins in global carbon cycling, with a unique capability of capturing CO2 via photosynthesis and translocating captured carbon to stems, roots, and soils for long-term storage. However, many researchers postulate that existing land plants cannot meet the ambitious requirement for CO2 removal to mitigate climate change in the future due to low photosynthetic efficiency, limited carbon allocation for long-term storage, and low suitability for the bioeconomy. To address these limitations, there is an urgent need for genetic improvement of existing plants or construction of novel plant systems through biosystems design (or biodesign). Here, we summarize validated biological parts (e.g., protein-encoding genes and noncoding RNAs) for biological engineering of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) traits in terrestrial plants to accelerate land-based decarbonization in bioenergy plantations and agricultural settings and promote a vibrant bioeconomy. Specifically, we first summarize the framework of plant-based CDR (e.g., CO2 capture, translocation, storage, and conversion to value-added products). Then, we highlight some representative biological parts, with experimental evidence, in this framework. Finally, we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and curation of biological parts for CDR engineering in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Degao Liu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Precision Plant Genomics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Department of Academic Education, Central Community College-Hastings, Hastings, NE 68902USA
| | - David J. Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Stanton Martin
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Md Mahmudul Hassan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Julie C. Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Stan D. Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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7
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Sanden NC, Schulz A. Stationary sieve element proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153511. [PMID: 34537466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants use the phloem to move sugars and other molecules from source leaves to sink organs such as roots and fruits. Within the phloem, enucleate sieve elements provide the low-resistance pipe system that enable bulk flow of sap. In this review, we provide an overview of the highly specific protein machinery that localize to mature sieve elements without entering the phloem translocation stream. Generally, the proteins either maintain the flow, protect the sieve element against pathogens or transmit system wide signals. A notable exception is found in poppy, where part of the opium biosynthesis is compartmentalized in sieve elements. Biosynthesis of sieve element proteins happens either continuously in companion cell or transiently in immature sieve elements before nuclear disintegration. The latter population is translated during differentiation and stays functional without turnover during the entire lifespan of sieve elements. We discuss how protein longevity imposes some interesting restrictions on plants, especially in arborescent monocots with long living sieve elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Christian Sanden
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Section for Transport Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schulz
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Section for Transport Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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8
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Menadue DJ, Riboni M, Baumann U, Schilling RK, Plett DC, Roy SJ. Proton-pumping pyrophosphatase homeolog expression is a dynamic trait in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum). PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e354. [PMID: 34646976 PMCID: PMC8496507 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) have been shown to enhance biomass and yield. However, to date, there has been little work towards identify genes encoding H+-PPases in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) (TaVPs) and limited knowledge on how the expression of these genes varies across different growth stages and tissue types. In this study, the IWGSC database was used to identify two novel TaVP genes, TaVP4 and TaVP5, and elucidate the complete homeolog sequences of the three known TaVP genes, bringing the total number of bread wheat TaVPs from 9 to 15. Gene expression levels of each TaVP homeolog were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in four diverse wheat varieties in terms of phenotypic traits related to high vacuolar pyrophosphatase expression. Homeolog expression was analyzed across multiple tissue types and developmental stages. Expression levels of the TaVP homeologs were found to vary significantly between varieties, tissues and plant developmental stages. During early development (Z10 and Z13), expressions of TaVP1 and TaVP2 homeologs were higher in shoot tissue than root tissue, with both shoot and root expression increasing in later developmental stages (Z22). TaVP2-D was expressed in all varieties and tissue types and was the most highly expressed homeolog at all developmental stages. Expression of the TaVP3 homeologs was restricted to developing grain (Z75), while TaVP4 homeolog expression was higher at Z22 than earlier developmental stages. Variation in TaVP4B was detected among varieties at Z22 and Z75, with Buck Atlantico (high biomass) and Scout (elite Australian cultivar) having the highest levels of expression. These findings offer a comprehensive overview of the bread wheat H+-PPase family and identify variation in TaVP homeolog expression that will be of use to improve the growth, yield, and abiotic stress tolerance of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jamie Menadue
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Matteo Riboni
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rhiannon Kate Schilling
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and RegionsSouth Australian Research and Development InstituteUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Darren Craig Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant AcceleratorThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry ClimateUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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9
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Xu Q, Liesche J. Sugar export from Arabidopsis leaves: actors and regulatory strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5275-5284. [PMID: 34037757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant acclimation and stress responses depend on the dynamic optimization of carbon balance between source and sink organs. This optimization also applies to the leaf export rate of photosynthetically produced sugars. So far, investigations into the molecular mechanisms of how the rate is controlled have focused on sugar transporters responsible for loading sucrose into the phloem sieve element-companion cell complex of leaf veins. Here, we take a broader view of the various proteins with potential direct influence on the leaf sugar export rate in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, helped by the cell type-specific transcriptome data that have recently become available. Furthermore, we integrate current information on the regulation of these potential target proteins. Our analysis identifies putative control points and units of transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally co-regulated genes. Most notable is the potential regulatory unit of sucrose transporters (SUC2, SWEET11, SWEET12, and SUC4) and proton pumps (AHA3 and AVP1). Our analysis can guide future research aimed at understanding the regulatory network controlling leaf sugar export by providing starting points for characterizing regulatory strategies and identifying regulatory factors that link sugar export rate to the major signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Pyrophosphate as an alternative energy currency in plants. Biochem J 2021; 478:1515-1524. [PMID: 33881486 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the conditions of [Mg2+] elevation that occur, in particular, under low oxygen stress and are the consequence of the decrease in [ATP] and increase in [ADP] and [AMP], pyrophosphate (PPi) can function as an alternative energy currency in plant cells. In addition to its production by various metabolic pathways, PPi can be synthesized in the combined reactions of pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) by so-called PK/PPDK substrate cycle, and in the reverse reaction of membrane-bound H+-pyrophosphatase, which uses the energy of electrochemical gradients generated on tonoplast and plasma membrane. The PPi can then be consumed in its active forms of MgPPi and Mg2PPi by PPi-utilizing enzymes, which require an elevated [Mg2+]. This ensures a continuous operation of glycolysis in the conditions of suppressed ATP synthesis, keeping metabolism energy efficient and less dependent on ATP.
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11
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Fan W, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhou W, Yang J, Yuan L, Zhang P, Wang H. The H +-pyrophosphatase IbVP1 regulates carbon flux to influence the starch metabolism and yield of sweet potato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:20. [PMID: 33518705 PMCID: PMC7847997 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Storage roots of sweet potato are important sink organs for photoassimilates and energy, and carbohydrate metabolism in storage roots affects yield and starch production. Our previous study showed that sweet potato H+-pyrophosphatase (IbVP1) plays a vital role in mitigating iron deficiency and positively controls fibrous root growth. However, its roles in regulating starch production in storage roots have not been investigated. In this study, we found that IbVP1 overexpression in sweet potato improved the photosynthesis ability of and sucrose content in source leaves and increased both the starch content in and total yield of sink tissues. Using 13C-labeled sucrose feeding, we determined that IbVP1 overexpression promotes phloem loading and sucrose long-distance transport and enhances Pi-use efficiency. In sweet potato plants overexpressing IbVP1, the expression levels of starch biosynthesis pathway genes, especially AGPase and GBSSI, were upregulated, leading to changes in the structure, composition, and physicochemical properties of stored starch. Our study shows that the IbVP1 gene plays an important role in regulating starch metabolism in sweet potato. Application of the VP1 gene in genetic engineering of sweet potato cultivars may allow the improvement of starch production and yield under stress or nutrient-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yandi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinliang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Cosse M, Seidel T. Plant Proton Pumps and Cytosolic pH-Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672873. [PMID: 34177988 PMCID: PMC8220075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pumps create a proton motif force and thus, energize secondary active transport at the plasma nmembrane and endomembranes of the secretory pathway. In the plant cell, the dominant proton pumps are the plasma membrane ATPase, the vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), and the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). All these pumps act on the cytosolic pH by pumping protons into the lumen of compartments or into the apoplast. To maintain the typical pH and thus, the functionality of the cytosol, the activity of the pumps needs to be coordinated and adjusted to the actual needs. The cellular toolbox for a coordinated regulation comprises 14-3-3 proteins, phosphorylation events, ion concentrations, and redox-conditions. This review combines the knowledge on regulation of the different proton pumps and highlights possible coordination mechanisms.
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Hussain SB, Shi CY, Guo LX, Du W, Bai YX, Kamran HM, Fernie AR, Liu YZ. Type I H+-pyrophosphatase regulates the vacuolar storage of sucrose in citrus fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5935-5947. [PMID: 32589717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the general role of the vacuolar pyrophosphatase proton pump (V-PPase) in sucrose accumulation in citrus species. First, three citrus V-PPase genes, designated CsVPP-1, CsVPP-2, and CsVPP-4, were identified in the citrus genome. CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 belonging to citrus type I V-PPase genes are targeted to the tonoplast, and CsVPP-4 belonging to citrus type II V-PPase genes is located in the Golgi bodies. Moreover, there was a significantly positive correlation between transcript levels of type I V-PPase genes and sucrose, rather than hexose, content in fruits of seven citrus cultivars. Drought and abscisic acid treatments significantly induced the CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 transcript levels, as well as the sucrose content. The overexpression of type I V-PPase genes significantly increased PPase activity, decreased pyrophosphate contents, and increased sucrose contents, whereas V-PPase inhibition produced the opposite effect in both citrus fruits and leaves. Furthermore, altering the expression levels of type I V-PPase genes significantly influenced the transcript levels of sucrose transporter genes. Taken together, this study demonstrated that CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 play key roles in sucrose storage in the vacuole by regulating pyrophosphate homeostasis, ultimately the sucrose biosynthesis and transcript levels of sucrose transport genes, providing a novel lead for engineering or breeding modified taste in citrus and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cai-Yun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ying-Xing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Wijewardene I, Mishra N, Sun L, Smith J, Zhu X, Payton P, Shen G, Zhang H. Improving drought-, salinity-, and heat-tolerance in transgenic plants by co-overexpressing Arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 and Larrea Rubisco activase gene RCA. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110499. [PMID: 32540017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The severity and frequency of many abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and heat, cause substantial crop losses worldwide, which poses a serious challenge in food security. To increase crop production, new approaches are needed. Previous research has shown that overexpression of the tonoplast H+ pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 leads to improved drought and salt tolerance in transgenic plants. Other research showed that overexpression of thermotolerant ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase gene could maintain photosynthesis at higher temperatures, which contributes to higher heat tolerance in transgenic plants. In nature, abiotic stresses rarely come alone, instead these stresses often occur in various combinations. Therefore, it is desirable to make crops more tolerant to multiple stresses, which will likely lead to higher crop yield under various stress conditions. It is shown here that co-overexpression of the Arabidopsis gene AVP1 and the Larrea Rubisco activase gene RCA significantly increases drought, salinity and heat tolerance, resulting in higher biomass and seed yield than wild-type plants. AVP1/RCA co-overexpressing plants are as more drought- and salt-tolerant as AVP1-overexpressing plants, and as more heat-tolerant as RCA-overexpressing plants. More importantly, they produce higher seed yields than AVP1-overexpressing, RCA-overexpressing, and wild-type plants under combined drought and heat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inosha Wijewardene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Neelam Mishra
- St. Joseph's College Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560027, India
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Xunlu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Paxton Payton
- USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Fukuda M, Mieda M, Sato R, Kinoshita S, Tomoyama T, Ferjani A, Maeshima M, Segami S. Lack of Vacuolar H + -Pyrophosphatase and Cytosolic Pyrophosphatases Causes Fatal Developmental Defects in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 32528505 PMCID: PMC7266078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytosolic level of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is finely regulated, with PPi hydrolyzed primarily by the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase, VHP1/FUGU5/AVP1) and secondarily by five cytosolic soluble pyrophosphatases (sPPases; PPa1-PPa5) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function mutants of H+-PPase (fugu5s) have been reported to show atrophic phenotypes in their rosette leaves when nitrate is the sole nitrogen source in the culture medium. For this phenotype, two questions remain unanswered: why does atrophy depend on physical contact between shoots and the medium, and how does ammonium prevent such atrophy. To understand the mechanism driving this phenotype, we analyzed the growth and phenotypes of mutants on ammonium-free medium in detail. fugu5-1 showed cuticle defects, cell swelling, reduced β-glucan levels, and vein malformation in the leaves, suggesting cell wall weakening and cell lethality. Based on the observation in the double mutants fugu5-1 ppa1 and fugu5-1 ppa4 of more severe atrophy compared to fugu5-1, the nitrogen-dependent phenotype might be linked to PPi metabolism. To elucidate the role of ammonium in this process, we examined the fluctuations of sPPase mRNA levels and the possibility of alternative PPi-removing factors, such as other types of pyrophosphatase. First, we found that both the protein and mRNA levels of sPPases were unaffected by the nitrogen source. Second, to assess the influence of other PPi-removing factors, we examined the phenotypes of triple knockout mutants of H+-PPase and two sPPases on ammonium-containing medium. Both fugu5 ppa1 ppa2 and fugu5 ppa1 ppa4 had nearly lethal embryonic phenotypes, with the survivors showing striking dwarfism and abnormal morphology. Moreover, fugu5 ppa1+/- ppa4 showed severe atrophy at the leaf margins. The other triple mutants, fugu5 ppa1 ppa5 and fugu5 ppa2 ppa4, exhibited death of root hairs and were nearly sterile due to deformed pistils, respectively, even when grown on standard medium. Together, these results suggest that H+-PPase and sPPases act in concert to maintain PPi homeostasis, that the existence of other PPi removers is unlikely, and that ammonium may suppress the production of PPi during nitrogen metabolism rather than stimulating PPi hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marika Mieda
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomoyama
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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Regmi KC, Yogendra K, Farias JG, Li L, Kandel R, Yadav UP, Sha S, Trittermann C, Short L, George J, Evers J, Plett D, Ayre BG, Roy SJ, Gaxiola RA. Improved Yield and Photosynthate Partitioning in AVP1 Expressing Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:273. [PMID: 32256508 PMCID: PMC7090233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental factor to improve crop productivity involves the optimization of reduced carbon translocation from source to sink tissues. Here, we present data consistent with the positive effect that the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana H+-PPase (AVP1) has on reduced carbon partitioning and yield increases in wheat. Immunohistochemical localization of H+-PPases (TaVP) in spring wheat Bobwhite L. revealed the presence of this conserved enzyme in wheat vasculature and sink tissues. Of note, immunogold imaging showed a plasma membrane localization of TaVP in sieve element- companion cell complexes of Bobwhite source leaves. These data together with the distribution patterns of a fluorescent tracer and [U14C]-sucrose are consistent with an apoplasmic phloem-loading model in wheat. Interestingly, 14C-labeling experiments provided evidence for enhanced carbon partitioning between shoots and roots, and between flag leaves and milk stage kernels in AVP1 expressing Bobwhite lines. In keeping, there is a significant yield improvement triggered by the expression of AVP1 in these lines. Green house and field grown transgenic wheat expressing AVP1 also produced higher grain yield and number of seeds per plant, and exhibited an increase in root biomass when compared to null segregants. Another agriculturally desirable phenotype showed by AVP1 Bobwhite plants is a robust establishment of seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C. Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Kalenahalli Yogendra
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Júlia Gomes Farias
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Raju Kandel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Umesh P. Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Shengbo Sha
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Trittermann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura Short
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessey George
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Evers
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Darren Plett
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian G. Ayre
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Stuart John Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Wani SH, Kumar V, Khare T, Guddimalli R, Parveda M, Solymosi K, Suprasanna P, Kavi Kishor PB. Engineering salinity tolerance in plants: progress and prospects. PLANTA 2020; 251:76. [PMID: 32152761 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to integrate conceptual framework based on the current understanding of salt stress responses with different approaches for manipulating and improving salt tolerance in crop plants. Soil salinity exerts significant constraints on global crop production, posing a serious challenge for plant breeders and biotechnologists. The classical transgenic approach for enhancing salinity tolerance in plants revolves by boosting endogenous defence mechanisms, often via a single-gene approach, and usually involves the enhanced synthesis of compatible osmolytes, antioxidants, polyamines, maintenance of hormone homeostasis, modification of transporters and/or regulatory proteins, including transcription factors and alternative splicing events. Occasionally, genetic manipulation of regulatory proteins or phytohormone levels confers salinity tolerance, but all these may cause undesired reduction in plant growth and/or yields. In this review, we present and evaluate novel and cutting-edge approaches for engineering salt tolerance in crop plants. First, we cover recent findings regarding the importance of regulatory proteins and transporters, and how they can be used to enhance salt tolerance in crop plants. We also evaluate the importance of halobiomes as a reservoir of genes that can be used for engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic crops. Additionally, the role of microRNAs as critical post-transcriptional regulators in plant adaptive responses to salt stress is reviewed and their use for engineering salt-tolerant crop plants is critically assessed. The potentials of alternative splicing mechanisms and targeted gene-editing technologies in understanding plant salt stress responses and developing salt-tolerant crop plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, 192 101, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
| | | | | | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE-Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, India
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18
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Munns R, Day DA, Fricke W, Watt M, Arsova B, Barkla BJ, Bose J, Byrt CS, Chen ZH, Foster KJ, Gilliham M, Henderson SW, Jenkins CLD, Kronzucker HJ, Miklavcic SJ, Plett D, Roy SJ, Shabala S, Shelden MC, Soole KL, Taylor NL, Tester M, Wege S, Wegner LH, Tyerman SD. Energy costs of salt tolerance in crop plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1072-1090. [PMID: 31004496 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is expanding into regions that are affected by salinity. This review considers the energetic costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants and provides a framework for a quantitative assessment of costs. Different sources of energy, and modifications of root system architecture that would maximize water vs ion uptake are addressed. Energy requirements for transport of salt (NaCl) to leaf vacuoles for osmotic adjustment could be small if there are no substantial leaks back across plasma membrane and tonoplast in root and leaf. The coupling ratio of the H+ -ATPase also is a critical component. One proposed leak, that of Na+ influx across the plasma membrane through certain aquaporin channels, might be coupled to water flow, thus conserving energy. For the tonoplast, control of two types of cation channels is required for energy efficiency. Transporters controlling the Na+ and Cl- concentrations in mitochondria and chloroplasts are largely unknown and could be a major energy cost. The complexity of the system will require a sophisticated modelling approach to identify critical transporters, apoplastic barriers and root structures. This modelling approach will inform experimentation and allow a quantitative assessment of the energy costs of NaCl tolerance to guide breeding and engineering of molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Michelle Watt
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Helmholtz Association, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Helmholtz Association, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2481, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kylie J Foster
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Colin L D Jenkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stanley J Miklavcic
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Megan C Shelden
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Lars H Wegner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Singer SD, Soolanayakanahally RY, Foroud NA, Kroebel R. Biotechnological strategies for improved photosynthesis in a future of elevated atmospheric CO 2. PLANTA 2019; 251:24. [PMID: 31784816 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of photosynthesis using biotechnological approaches has been the focus of much research. It is now vital that these strategies be assessed under future atmospheric conditions. The demand for crop products is expanding at an alarming rate due to population growth, enhanced affluence, increased per capita calorie consumption, and an escalating need for plant-based bioproducts. While solving this issue will undoubtedly involve a multifaceted approach, improving crop productivity will almost certainly provide one piece of the puzzle. The improvement of photosynthetic efficiency has been a long-standing goal of plant biotechnologists as possibly one of the last remaining means of achieving higher yielding crops. However, the vast majority of these studies have not taken into consideration possible outcomes when these plants are grown long-term under the elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) that will be evident in the not too distant future. Due to the considerable effect that CO2 levels have on the photosynthetic process, these assessments should become commonplace as a means of ensuring that research in this field focuses on the most effective approaches for our future climate scenarios. In this review, we discuss the main biotechnological research strategies that are currently underway with the aim of improving photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production/yields in the context of a future of e[CO2], as well as alternative approaches that may provide further photosynthetic benefits under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Raju Y Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Roland Kroebel
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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20
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Primo C, Pizzio GA, Yang J, Gaxiola RA, Scholz-Starke J, Hirschi KD. Plant proton pumping pyrophosphatase: the potential for its pyrophosphate synthesis activity to modulate plant growth. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:989-996. [PMID: 31081197 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular pyrophosphate (PPi) homeostasis is vital for normal plant growth and development. Plant proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+ -PPases) are enzymes with different tissue-specific functions related to the regulation of PPi homeostasis. Enhanced expression of plant H+ -PPases increases biomass and yield in different crop species. Here, we emphasise emerging studies utilising heterologous expression in yeast and plant vacuole electrophysiology approaches, as well as phylogenetic relationships and structural analysis, to showcase that the H+ -PPases possess a PPi synthesis function. We postulate this synthase activity contributes to modulating and promoting plant growth both in H+ -PPase-engineered crops and in wild-type plants. We propose a model where the PPi synthase activity of H+ -PPases maintains the PPi pool when cells adopt PPi-dependent glycolysis during high energy demands and/or low oxygen environments. We conclude by proposing experiments to further investigate the H+ -PPase-mediated PPi synthase role in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Primo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G A Pizzio
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - J Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - K D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis substantially enhances plant tolerance to drought, salt, and heat stresses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7642. [PMID: 31113977 PMCID: PMC6529626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as water deficit, salt, and heat are major environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth, development, and productivity. Previous studies showed that overexpression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 increases salt and water deficit stress tolerance and overexpression of the rice SUMO E3 ligase gene OsSIZ1 improves heat and water deficit stress tolerance in transgenic plants. In this report, the effects of co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis on abiotic stress tolerance were studied. It was found that AVP1/OsSIZ1 co-overexpressing plants performed significantly better than AVP1-overexpressing plants and OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants, and produced 100% more seed than wild-type plants under single stress or multiple stress conditions. The increased stress tolerance in AVP1/OsSIZ1 co-overexpressing plants was substantially larger than the increased stress tolerance in AVP1-overexpressing plants and OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants under every abiotic stress condition tested. This research provides the proof-of-concept that crop yields might be substantially improved using this approach.
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Roles of the Hydrophobic Gate and Exit Channel in Vigna radiata Pyrophosphatase Ion Translocation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1619-1632. [PMID: 30878480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-embedded pyrophosphatase (M-PPase) hydrolyzes pyrophosphate to drive ion (H+ and/or Na+) translocation. We determined crystal structures and functions of Vigna radiata M-PPase (VrH+-PPase), the VrH+-PPase-2Pi complex and mutants at hydrophobic gate (residue L555) and exit channel (residues T228 and E225). Ion pore diameters along the translocation pathway of three VrH+-PPases complexes (Pi-, 2Pi- and imidodiphosphate-bound states) present a unique wave-like profile, with different pore diameters at the hydrophobic gate and exit channel, indicating that the ligands induced pore size alterations. The 2Pi-bound state with the largest pore diameter might mimic the hydrophobic gate open. In mutant structures, ordered waters detected at the hydrophobic gate among VrH+-PPase imply the possibility of solvation, and numerous waters at the exit channel might signify an open channel. A salt-bridge, E225-R562 is at the way out of the exit channel of VrH+-PPase; E225A mutant makes the interaction eliminated and reveals a decreased pumping ability. E225-R562 might act as a latch to regulate proton release. A water wire from the ion gate (R-D-K-E) through the hydrophobic gate and into the exit channel may reflect the path of proton transfer.
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23
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Decker D, Kleczkowski LA. UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases: Distinct and Essential Enzymes With Overlapping Substrate Specificities, Providing de novo Precursors for Glycosylation Reactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1822. [PMID: 30662444 PMCID: PMC6329318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are the key precursors for all glycosylation reactions and are required both for oligo- and polysaccharides synthesis and protein and lipid glycosylation. Among all nucleotide sugars, UDP-sugars are the most important precursors for biomass production in nature (e.g., synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins for cell wall production). Several recent studies have already suggested a potential role for UDP-Glc in plant growth and development, and UDP-Glc has also been suggested as a signaling molecule, in addition to its precursor function. In this review, we will cover primary mechanisms of formation of UDP-sugars, by focusing on UDP-sugar metabolizing pyrophosphorylases. The pyrophosphorylases can be divided into three families: UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGPase), UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), and UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAGPase), which can be distinguished both by their amino acid sequences and by differences in substrate specificity. Substrate specificities of these enzymes are discussed, along with structure-function relationships, based on their crystal structures and homology modeling. Earlier studies with transgenic plants have revealed that each of the pyrophosphorylases is essential for plant survival, and their loss or a decrease in activity results in reproductive impairment. This constitutes a problem when studying exact in vivo roles of the enzymes using classical reverse genetics approaches. Thus, strategies involving the use of specific inhibitors (reverse chemical genetics) are also discussed. Further characterization of the properties/roles of pyrophosphorylases should address fundamental questions dealing with mechanisms and control of carbohydrate synthesis and may allow to identify targets for manipulation of biomass production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Stadler R, Sauer N. The AtSUC2 Promoter: A Powerful Tool to Study Phloem Physiology and Development. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2014:267-287. [PMID: 31197803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9562-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sucrose carrier AtSUC2 of Arabidopsis thaliana is localized in the phloem, where it catalyzes the uptake of sucrose from the apoplast into companion cells. Imported sucrose moves passively via plasmodesmata from the companion cells into the neighboring sieve elements that distribute this disaccharide to the different sink organs. Phloem loading of sucrose by the AtSUC2 protein is an essential process, and mutants lacking this protein stay tiny, develop no or only few flowers, and have a strongly reduced root system. The promoter of the AtSUC2 gene is active exclusively in companion cells of the phloem. Moreover, it drives very strong expression not only in Arabidopsis, but also in all plant species tested so far, including monocot species. Due to these features, the AtSUC2 promoter has become an important tool in diverse areas of plant research during the last two decades. It was used to study phloem development and function including phloem loading and unloading. Furthermore, it was helpful in analyzing the pathways of posttranscriptional silencing by RNA interference, the regulation of flowering, mechanisms of nutrient withdrawal by phloem-feeding pathogens, and other physiological functions that are related to long distance transport. The present paper gives an overview of different approaches in plant research that utilized the strong and companion cell-specific expression of own or foreign genes driven by the AtSUC2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stadler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Scholz-Starke J, Primo C, Yang J, Kandel R, Gaxiola RA, Hirschi KD. The flip side of the Arabidopsis type I proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (AVP1): Using a transmembrane H + gradient to synthesize pyrophosphate. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1290-1299. [PMID: 30510138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy partitioning and plant growth are mediated in part by a type I H+-pumping pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase). A canonical role for this transporter has been demonstrated at the tonoplast where it serves a job-sharing role with V-ATPase in vacuolar acidification. Here, we investigated whether the plant H+-PPase from Arabidopsis also functions in "reverse mode" to synthesize PPi using the transmembrane H+ gradient. Using patch-clamp recordings on Arabidopsis vacuoles, we observed inward currents upon Pi application on the cytosolic side. These currents were strongly reduced in vacuoles from two independent H+-PPase mutant lines (vhp1-1 and fugu5-1) lacking the classical PPi-induced outward currents related to H+ pumping, whereas they were significantly larger in vacuoles with engineered heightened expression of the H+-PPase. Current amplitudes related to reverse-mode H+ transport depended on the membrane potential, cytosolic Pi concentration, and magnitude of the pH gradient across the tonoplast. Of note, experiments on vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from yeast expressing the Arabidopsis H+-PPase (AVP1) demonstrated Pi-dependent PPi synthase activity in the presence of a pH gradient. Our work establishes that a plant H+-PPase can operate as a PPi synthase beyond its canonical role in vacuolar acidification and cytosolic PPi scavenging. We propose that the PPi synthase activity of H+-PPase contributes to a cascade of events that energize plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Primo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jian Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Raju Kandel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
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26
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Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase Is Required for High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113617. [PMID: 30453498 PMCID: PMC6274811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient in all organisms. However, high levels of Mg2+ in the environment are toxic to plants. In this study, we identified the vacuolar-type H⁺-pyrophosphatase, AVP1, as a critical enzyme for optimal plant growth under high-Mg conditions. The Arabidopsis avp1 mutants displayed severe growth retardation, as compared to the wild-type plants upon excessive Mg2+. Unexpectedly, the avp1 mutant plants retained similar Mg content to wild-type plants under either normal or high Mg conditions, suggesting that AVP1 may not directly contribute to Mg2+ homeostasis in plant cells. Further analyses confirmed that the avp1 mutant plants contained a higher pyrophosphate (PPi) content than wild type, coupled with impaired vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase activity. Interestingly, expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase1 gene IPP1, which facilitates PPi hydrolysis but not proton translocation into vacuole, rescued the growth defects of avp1 mutants under high-Mg conditions. These results provide evidence that high-Mg sensitivity in avp1 mutants possibly resulted from elevated level of cytosolic PPi. Moreover, genetic analysis indicated that mutation of AVP1 was additive to the defects in mgt6 and cbl2 cbl3 mutants that are previously known to be impaired in Mg2+ homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest AVP1 is required for cellular PPi homeostasis that in turn contributes to high-Mg tolerance in plant cells.
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Huang J, Huang Z, Zhou X, Xia C, Imran M, Wang S, Xu C, Zha M, Liu Y, Zhang C. Tissue-specific transcriptomic profiling of Plantago major provides insights for the involvement of vasculature in phosphate deficiency responses. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:159-175. [PMID: 30267144 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature of higher plants is important with transport of both nutrient and information molecules. To understand the correspondence of this tissue in molecular responses under phosphate (Pi) deficiency, Plantago major, a model plant for vasculature biology study, was chosen in our analysis. After RNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly of 24 libraries prepared from the vasculature of P. major, 37,309 unigenes with a mean length of 1571 base pairs were obtained. Upon 24 h of Pi deficiency, 237 genes were shown to be differentially expressed in the vasculature of P. major. Among these genes, only 27 have been previously identified to be specifically expressed in the vasculature tissues in other plant species. Temporal expression of several marker genes associated with Pi deficiency showed that the time period of first 24 h is at the beginning stage of more dynamic expression patterns. In this study, we found several physiological processes, e.g., "phosphate metabolism and remobilization", "sucrose metabolism, loading and synthesis", "plant hormone metabolism and signal transduction", "transcription factors", and "metabolism of other minerals", were mainly involved in early responses to Pi deficiency in the vasculature. A number of vasculature genes with promising roles in Pi deficiency adaptation have been identified and deserve further functional characterization. This study clearly demonstrated that plant vasculature is actively involved in Pi deficiency responses and understanding of this process may help to create plants proficient to offset Pi deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chao Xia
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Congshan Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Manrong Zha
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- The Institute of Sericulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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28
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Ainsworth EA, Lemonnier P. Phloem function: a key to understanding and manipulating plant responses to rising atmospheric [CO 2]? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 43:50-56. [PMID: 29329037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) directly stimulates photosynthesis and reduces stomatal conductance in C3 plants. Both of these physiological effects have the potential to alter phloem function at elevated [CO2]. Recent research has clearly established that photosynthetic capacity is correlated to vascular traits associated with phloem loading and water transport, but the effects of elevated [CO2] on these relationships are largely unexplored. Plants also employ different strategies for loading sucrose and other sugars into the phloem, and there is potential for species with different phloem loading strategies to respond differently to elevated [CO2]. Recent research manipulating sucrose transporters and other key enzymes with roles in phloem loading show promise for maximizing crop performance in an elevated [CO2] world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, USA.
| | - Pauline Lemonnier
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, USA
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29
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Hanchi M, Thibaud MC, Légeret B, Kuwata K, Pochon N, Beisson F, Cao A, Cuyas L, David P, Doerner P, Ferjani A, Lai F, Li-Beisson Y, Mutterer J, Philibert M, Raghothama KG, Rivasseau C, Secco D, Whelan J, Nussaume L, Javot H. The Phosphate Fast-Responsive Genes PECP1 and PPsPase1 Affect Phosphocholine and Phosphoethanolamine Content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2943-2962. [PMID: 29475899 PMCID: PMC5884592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation-mediated induction of the HAD-type phosphatases PPsPase1 (AT1G73010) and PECP1 (AT1G17710) has been reported in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about their in vivo function or impact on plant responses to nutrient deficiency. The preferences of PPsPase1 and PECP1 for different substrates have been studied in vitro but require confirmation in planta. Here, we examined the in vivo function of both enzymes using a reverse genetics approach. We demonstrated that PPsPase1 and PECP1 affect plant phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine content, but not the pyrophosphate-related phenotypes. These observations suggest that the enzymes play a similar role in planta related to the recycling of polar heads from membrane lipids that is triggered during phosphate starvation. Altering the expression of the genes encoding these enzymes had no effect on lipid composition, possibly due to compensation by other lipid recycling pathways triggered during phosphate starvation. Furthermore, our results indicated that PPsPase1 and PECP1 do not influence phosphate homeostasis, since the inactivation of these genes had no effect on phosphate content or on the induction of molecular markers related to phosphate starvation. A combination of transcriptomics and imaging analyses revealed that PPsPase1 and PECP1 display a highly dynamic expression pattern that closely mirrors the phosphate status. This temporal dynamism, combined with the wide range of induction levels, broad expression, and lack of a direct effect on Pi content and regulation, makes PPsPase1 and PECP1 useful molecular markers of the phosphate starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hanchi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nathalie Pochon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Pascale David
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Peter Doerner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan 184-8501
| | - Fan Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Philibert
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Kashchandra G Raghothama
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Corinne Rivasseau
- CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, UMR5168, Grenoble, France
| | - David Secco
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009 WA, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
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Gutiérrez-Luna FM, Hernández-Domínguez EE, Valencia-Turcotte LG, Rodríguez-Sotres R. Review: "Pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatases in plants, their involvement in stress responses and their possible relationship to secondary metabolism". PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:11-19. [PMID: 29362089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced as byproduct of biosynthesis in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast, or in the tonoplast and Golgi by membrane-bound H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (PPv). Inorganic pyrophosphatases (E.C. 3.6.1.1; GO:0004427) impulse various biosynthetic reactions by recycling PPi and are essential to living cells. Soluble and membrane-bound enzymes of high specificity have evolved in different protein families and multiple pyrophosphatases are encoded in all plant genomes known to date. The soluble proteins are present in cytoplasm, extracellular space, inside chloroplasts, and perhaps inside mitochondria, nucleus or vacuoles. The cytoplasmic isoforms may compete for PPi with the PPv enzymes and how PPv and soluble activities are controlled is currently unknown, yet the cytoplasmic PPi concentration is high and fairly constant. Manipulation of the PPi metabolism impacts primary metabolism and vice versa, indicating a tight link between PPi levels and carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes appear to play a role in germination, development and stress adaptive responses. In addition, the transgenic overexpression of PPv has been used to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress, but the reasons behind this tolerance are not completely understood. Finally, the relationship of PPi to stress suggest a currently unexplored link between PPi and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Morayna Gutiérrez-Luna
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Lilián Gabriela Valencia-Turcotte
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Sotres
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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31
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Abstract
The phloem plays a central role in transporting resources and signalling molecules from fully expanded leaves to provide precursors for, and to direct development of, heterotrophic organs located throughout the plant body. We review recent advances in understanding mechanisms regulating loading and unloading of resources into, and from, the phloem network; highlight unresolved questions regarding the physiological significance of the vast array of proteins and RNAs found in phloem saps; and evaluate proposed structure/function relationships considered to account for bulk flow of sap, sustained at high rates and over long distances, through the transport phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Liesche
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling , China
| | - John Patrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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32
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Julius BT, Leach KA, Tran TM, Mertz RA, Braun DM. Sugar Transporters in Plants: New Insights and Discoveries. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1442-1460. [PMID: 28922744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate partitioning is the process of carbon assimilation and distribution from source tissues, such as leaves, to sink tissues, such as stems, roots and seeds. Sucrose, the primary carbohydrate transported long distance in many plant species, is loaded into the phloem and unloaded into distal sink tissues. However, many factors, both genetic and environmental, influence sucrose metabolism and transport. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of sugar transporters and sucrose metabolic enzymes is key to improving agriculture. In this review, we highlight recent findings that (i) address the path of phloem loading of sucrose in rice and maize leaves; (ii) discuss the phloem unloading pathways in stems and roots and the sugar transporters putatively involved; (iii) describe how heat and drought stress impact carbohydrate partitioning and phloem transport; (iv) shed light on how plant pathogens hijack sugar transporters to obtain carbohydrates for pathogen survival, and how the plant employs sugar transporters to defend against pathogens; and (v) discuss novel roles for sugar transporters in plant biology. These exciting discoveries and insights provide valuable knowledge that will ultimately help mitigate the impending societal challenges due to global climate change and a growing population by improving crop yield and enhancing renewable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Julius
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristen A Leach
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thu M Tran
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Plant Imaging Consortium, USA
| | - Rachel A Mertz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Plant Imaging Consortium, USA
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Heuer S, Gaxiola R, Schilling R, Herrera-Estrella L, López-Arredondo D, Wissuwa M, Delhaize E, Rouached H. Improving phosphorus use efficiency: a complex trait with emerging opportunities. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:868-885. [PMID: 27859875 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients for plants, and is indispensable for plant growth and development. P deficiency severely limits crop yield, and regular fertilizer applications are required to obtain high yields and to prevent soil degradation. To access P from the soil, plants have evolved high- and low-affinity Pi transporters and the ability to induce root architectural changes to forage P. Also, adjustments of numerous cellular processes are triggered by the P starvation response, a tightly regulated process in plants. With the increasing demand for food as a result of a growing population, the demand for P fertilizer is steadily increasing. Given the high costs of fertilizers and in light of the fact that phosphate rock, the source of P fertilizer, is a finite natural resource, there is a need to enhance P fertilizer use efficiency in agricultural systems and to develop plants with enhanced Pi uptake and internal P-use efficiency (PUE). In this review we will provide an overview of continuing relevant research and highlight different approaches towards developing crops with enhanced PUE. In this context, we will summarize our current understanding of root responses to low phosphorus conditions and will emphasize the importance of combining PUE with tolerance of other stresses, such as aluminum toxicity. Of the many genes associated with Pi deficiency, this review will focus on those that hold promise or are already at an advanced stage of testing (OsPSTOL1, AVP1, PHO1 and OsPHT1;6). Finally, an update is provided on the progress made exploring alternative technologies, such as phosphite fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Heuer
- University of Adelaide / Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
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Fan W, Wang H, Wu Y, Yang N, Yang J, Zhang P. H + -pyrophosphatase IbVP1 promotes efficient iron use in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:698-712. [PMID: 27864852 PMCID: PMC5425394 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies limiting crop production globally, especially in arid regions because of decreased availability of iron in alkaline soils. Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] grows well in arid regions and is tolerant to Fe deficiency. Here, we report that the transcription of type I H+ -pyrophosphatase (H+ -PPase) gene IbVP1 in sweet potato plants was strongly induced by Fe deficiency and auxin in hydroponics, improving Fe acquisition via increased rhizosphere acidification and auxin regulation. When overexpressed, transgenic plants show higher pyrophosphate hydrolysis and plasma membrane H+ -ATPase activity compared with the wild type, leading to increased rhizosphere acidification. The IbVP1-overexpressing plants showed better growth, including enlarged root systems, under Fe-sufficient or Fe-deficient conditions. Increased ferric precipitation and ferric chelate reductase activity in the roots of transgenic lines indicate improved iron uptake, which is also confirmed by increased Fe content and up-regulation of Fe uptake genes, e.g. FRO2, IRT1 and FIT. Carbohydrate metabolism is significantly affected in the transgenic lines, showing increased sugar and starch content associated with the increased expression of AGPase and SUT1 genes and the decrease in β-amylase gene expression. Improved antioxidant capacities were also detected in the transgenic plants, which showed reduced H2 O2 accumulation associated with up-regulated ROS-scavenging activity. Therefore, H+ -PPase plays a key role in the response to Fe deficiency by sweet potato and effectively improves the Fe acquisition by overexpressing IbVP1 in crops cultivated in micronutrient-deficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yinliang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Nan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and ResourcesShanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Schilling RK, Tester M, Marschner P, Plett DC, Roy SJ. AVP1: One Protein, Many Roles. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:154-162. [PMID: 27989652 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) gene (AVP1) increases plant growth under various abiotic stress conditions and, importantly, under nonstressed conditions. Many interpretations have been proposed to explain these phenotypes, including greater vacuolar ion sequestration, increased auxin transport, enhanced heterotrophic growth, and increased transport of sucrose from source to sink tissues. In this review, we evaluate all the roles proposed for AVP1, using findings published to date from mutant plants lacking functional AVP1 and transgenic plants expressing AVP1. It is clear that AVP1 is one protein with many roles, and that one or more of these roles act to enhance plant growth. The complexity suggests that a systems biology approach to evaluate biological networks is required to investigate these intertwined roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon K Schilling
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Petra Marschner
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Darren C Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Regmi KC, Li L, Gaxiola RA. Alternate Modes of Photosynthate Transport in the Alternating Generations of Physcomitrella patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1956. [PMID: 29181017 PMCID: PMC5693889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Physcomitrella patens has emerged as a model moss system to investigate the evolution of various plant characters in early land plant lineages. Yet, there is merely a disparate body of ultrastructural and physiological evidence from other mosses to draw inferences about the modes of photosynthate transport in the alternating generations of Physcomitrella. We performed a series of ultrastructural, fluorescent tracing, physiological, and immunohistochemical experiments to elucidate a coherent model of photosynthate transport in this moss. Our ultrastructural observations revealed that Physcomitrella is an endohydric moss with water-conducting and putative food-conducting cells in the gametophytic stem and leaves. Movement of fluorescent tracer 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate revealed that the mode of transport in the gametophytic generation is symplasmic and is mediated by plasmodesmata, while there is a diffusion barrier composed of transfer cells that separates the photoautotrophic gametophyte from the nutritionally dependent heterotrophic sporophyte. We posited that, analogous to what is found in apoplasmically phloem loading higher plants, the primary photosynthate sucrose, is actively imported into the transfer cells by sucrose/H+ symporters (SUTs) that are, in turn, powered by P-type ATPases, and that the transfer cells harbor an ATP-conserving Sucrose Synthase (SUS) pathway. Supporting our hypothesis was the finding that a protonophore (2,4-dinitrophenol) and a SUT-specific inhibitor (diethyl pyrocarbonate) reduced the uptake of radiolabeled sucrose into the sporangia. In situ immunolocalization of P-type ATPase, Sucrose Synthase, and Proton Pyrophosphatase - all key components of the SUS pathway - showed that these proteins were prominently localized in the transfer cells, providing further evidence consistent with our argument.
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Pizzio GA, Hirschi KD, Gaxiola RA. Conjecture Regarding Posttranslational Modifications to the Arabidopsis Type I Proton-Pumping Pyrophosphatase (AVP1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1572. [PMID: 28955362 PMCID: PMC5601048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Agbiotechnology uses genetic engineering to improve the output and value of crops. Altering the expression of the plant Type I Proton-pumping Pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) has already proven to be a useful tool to enhance crop productivity. Despite the effective use of this gene in translational research, information regarding the intracellular localization and functional plasticity of the pump remain largely enigmatic. Using computer modeling several putative phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation target sites were identified that may regulate Arabidopsis H+-PPase (AVP1- Arabidopsis Vacuolar Proton-pump 1) subcellular trafficking and activity. These putative regulatory sites will direct future research that specifically addresses the partitioning and transport characteristics of this pump. We posit that fine-tuning H+-PPases activity and cellular distribution will facilitate rationale strategies for further genetic improvements in crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston A. Pizzio
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gaston A. Pizzio, ; Roberto A. Gaxiola,
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Roberto A. Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, TempeAZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Gaston A. Pizzio, ; Roberto A. Gaxiola,
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Sun T, Xu L, Sun H, Yue Q, Zhai H, Yao Y. VvVHP1; 2 Is Transcriptionally Activated by VvMYBA1 and Promotes Anthocyanin Accumulation of Grape Berry Skins via Glucose Signal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1811. [PMID: 29104582 PMCID: PMC5655013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four vacuolar H+-PPase (VHP) genes were identified in the grape genome. Among them, VvVHP1; 2 was strongly expressed in berry skin and its expression exhibited high correlations to anthocyanin content of berry skin during berry ripening and under ABA and UVB treatments. VvVHP1; 2 was transcriptionally activated directly by VvMYBA1, and VvVHP1; 2 overexpression promoted anthocyanin accumulation in berry skins and Arabidopsis leaves; therefore, VvVHP1; 2 mediated VvMYBA1-regulated berry pigmentation. On the other hand, RNA-Seq analysis of WT and transgenic berry skins revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, flavonoid metabolism and regulation and solute carrier family expression were the most clearly altered biological processes. Further experiments elucidated that VvVHP1; 2 overexpression up-regulated the expression of the genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport via hexokinase-mediated glucose signal and thereby promoted anthocyanin accumulation in berry skins and Arabidopsis leaves. Additionally, modifications of sugar status caused by enhanced hexokinase activities likely play a key role in VvVHP1; 2-induced sugar signaling.
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Kang P, Bao AK, Kumar T, Pan YQ, Bao Z, Wang F, Wang SM. Assessment of Stress Tolerance, Productivity, and Forage Quality in T 1 Transgenic Alfalfa Co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 from Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1598. [PMID: 27833624 PMCID: PMC5081344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinization, desertification, and soil nutrient deprivation are threatening the production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in northern China. We have previously generated T0 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 genes with enhanced salt and drought tolerance. To further develop this excellent breeding material into the new forage cultivar, stress tolerance, productivity, and forage quality of T1 transgenic alfalfa (GM) were assessed in this study. The GM inherited the traits of salt and drought tolerance from T0 generation. Most importantly, co-overexpression of ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 enhanced the tolerance to Pi deficiency in GM, which was associated with more Pi accumulation in plants. Meanwhile, T1 transgenic alfalfa developed a larger root system with increased root size, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio, which may be one important reason for the improvement of phosphorus nutrition and high biomass accumulation in GM under various conditions. GM also accumulated more crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude ash than wild-type (WT) plants, especially under stress conditions and in the field. More interestingly, the crude fat contents sharply dropped in WT (by 66-74%), whereas showed no change or decreased less in GM, when subjected to salinity, drought or low-Pi. Our results indicate that T1 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 shows stronger stress tolerance, higher productivity and better forage quality. This study provides a solid foundation for creating the alfalfa cultivars with high yield, good quality and wide adaptability on saline, dry, and nutrient-deprived marginal lands of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- *Correspondence: Ai-Ke Bao, Suo-Min Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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Regmi KC, Pizzio GA, Gaxiola RA. Structural basis for the reversibility of proton pyrophosphatase. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1231294. [PMID: 27611445 PMCID: PMC5257167 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1231294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton Pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme regarded as a bona fide vacuolar marker. However, H+-PPase also localizes at the plasma membrane of the phloem, where, evidence suggests that it functions as a Pyrophosphate Synthase and participates in phloem loading and photosynthate partitioning. We believe that this pyrophosphate synthesising function of H+-PPase is fundamentally rooted to its molecular structure, and here we postulate, on the basis of published crystal structures of membrane-bound pyrophosphatases, a plausible mechanism of pyrophosphate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C. Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gaston A. Pizzio
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto A. Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- CONTACT Roberto A. Gaxiola
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Gaxiola RA, Regmi K, Paez-Valencia J, Pizzio G, Zhang S. Plant H(+)-PPases: Reversible Enzymes with Contrasting Functions Dependent on Membrane Environment. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:317-319. [PMID: 26407528 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Taylor Mall, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA.
| | - Kamesh Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Taylor Mall, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Taylor Mall, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA; Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gaston Pizzio
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Taylor Mall, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA; Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Consorcio CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Parc de Recerca de la UAB C/de la Vall Moronta, Edifici CRAG Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés) 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shangji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Taylor Mall, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA
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Bao AK, Du BQ, Touil L, Kang P, Wang QL, Wang SM. Co-expression of tonoplast Cation/H(+) antiporter and H(+)-pyrophosphatase from xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum improves alfalfa plant growth under salinity, drought and field conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:964-75. [PMID: 26268400 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are major environmental factors limiting the growth and productivity of alfalfa worldwide as this economically important legume forage is sensitive to these kinds of abiotic stress. In this study, transgenic alfalfa lines expressing both tonoplast NXH and H(+)-PPase genes, ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 from the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum L., were produced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic alfalfa plants co-expressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 grew better with greater plant height and dry mass under normal or stress conditions (NaCl or water-deficit) in the greenhouse. The growth performance of transgenic alfalfa plants was associated with more Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) accumulation in leaves and roots, as a result of co-expression of ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1. Cation accumulation contributed to maintaining intracellular ions homoeostasis and osmoregulation of plants and thus conferred higher leaf relative water content and greater photosynthesis capacity in transgenic plants compared to WT when subjected to NaCl or water-deficit stress. Furthermore, the transgenic alfalfa co-expressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 also grew faster than WT plants under field conditions, and most importantly, exhibited enhanced photosynthesis capacity by maintaining higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and water-use efficiency than WT plants. Our results indicate that co-expression of tonoplast NHX and H(+)-PPase genes from a xerophyte significantly improved the growth of alfalfa, and enhanced its tolerance to high salinity and drought. This study laid a solid basis for reclaiming and restoring saline and arid marginal lands as well as improving forage yield in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao-Qiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Lanzhou, China
| | - Leila Touil
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Laboratory of arid and oasis cropping, Institute of Arid Area (IRA), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Peng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Hernández A, Herrera-Palau R, Madroñal JM, Albi T, López-Lluch G, Perez-Castiñeira JR, Navas P, Valverde F, Serrano A. Vacuolar H(+)-Pyrophosphatase AVP1 is Involved in Amine Fungicide Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Provides Tridemorph Resistance in Yeast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:85. [PMID: 26904057 PMCID: PMC4746327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Amine fungicides are widely used as crop protectants. Their success is believed to be related to their ability to inhibit postlanosterol sterol biosynthesis in fungi, in particular sterol-Δ(8),Δ(7)-isomerases and sterol-Δ(14)-reductases, with a concomitant accumulation of toxic abnormal sterols. However, their actual cellular effects and mechanisms of death induction are still poorly understood. Paradoxically, plants exhibit a natural resistance to amine fungicides although they have similar enzymes in postcicloartenol sterol biosynthesis that are also susceptible to fungicide inhibition. A major difference in vacuolar ion homeostasis between plants and fungi is the presence of a dual set of primary proton pumps in the former (V-ATPase and H(+)-pyrophosphatase), but only the V-ATPase in the latter. Abnormal sterols affect the proton-pumping capacity of V-ATPases in fungi and this has been proposed as a major determinant in fungicide action. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model fungus, we provide evidence that amine fungicide treatment induced cell death by apoptosis. Cell death was concomitant with impaired H(+)-pumping capacity in vacuole vesicles and dependent on vacuolar proteases. Also, the heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana main H(+)-pyrophosphatase (AVP1) at the fungal vacuolar membrane reduced apoptosis levels in yeast and increased resistance to amine fungicides. Consistently, A. thaliana avp1 mutant seedlings showed increased susceptibility to this amine fungicide, particularly at the level of root development. This is in agreement with AVP1 being nearly the sole H(+)-pyrophosphatase gene expressed at the root elongation zones. All in all, the present data suggest that H(+)-pyrophosphatases are major determinants of plant tolerance to amine fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hernández
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Herrera-Palau
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M. Madroñal
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Tomás Albi
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and Centre of Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla, Spain
| | - José R. Perez-Castiñeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and Centre of Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Aurelio Serrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
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Regmi KC, Zhang S, Gaxiola RA. Apoplasmic loading in the rice phloem supported by the presence of sucrose synthase and plasma membrane-localized proton pyrophosphatase. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:257-68. [PMID: 26614751 PMCID: PMC4724047 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although Oryza sativa (rice) is one of the most important cereal crops, the mechanism by which sucrose, the major photosynthate, is loaded into its phloem is still a matter of debate. Current opinion holds that the phloem loading pathway in rice could involve either a symplasmic or an apoplasmic route. It was hypothesized, on the basis of a complementary body of evidence from arabidopsis, which is an apoplasmic loader, that the membrane specificity of proton pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPases; OVPs) in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complexes of rice source leaves would support the existence of either of the aforementioned phloem loading mechanisms. Additionally, it was contended that the presence of sucrose synthase in the SE-CC complexes would be consistent with an apoplasmic sucrose loading route in rice. METHODS Conventional chemical fixation methods were used for immunohistochemical localization of H(+)-PPases and sucrose synthase in rice and arabidopsis at the light microscopy level, while ultrastructural immunogold labelling of H(+)-PPases and sucrose synthase was performed on high-pressure frozen source leaves of rice. KEY RESULTS Using immunogold labelling, it was found that OVPs predominantly localize at the plasma membrane (PM) of the SE-CC complexes in rice source leaf minor veins, while in the root meristematic cells, OVPs preferentially localize at the vacuoles. The PM specificity of OPVs in the SE-CC complexes was deemed to support apoplasmic loading in the rice phloem. Further backing for this interpretation came from the sucrose synthase-specific immunogold labelling at the SE-CC complexes of rice source leaves. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with the idea that, in the same way as in arabidopsis and a majority of grasses, sucrose is actively loaded into the SE-CC complexes of rice leaves using an apoplasmic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Shangji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Gaxiola RA, Regmi K, Hirschi KD. Moving On Up: H(+)-PPase Mediated Crop Improvement. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:347-349. [PMID: 26818803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of H(+)-PPase in diverse crop systems triggers agriculturally beneficial phenotypes including augmented stress tolerance, improved water and nutrient use efficiencies, and increased biomass and yield. We argue that further research is warranted to maximize the full potential of this simple and successful biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA.
| | - Kamesh Regmi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 852872, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Li SW, Shi RF, Leng Y, Zhou Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the gene expression profile that specifically responds to IBA during adventitious rooting in mung bean seedlings. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:43. [PMID: 26755210 PMCID: PMC4709940 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin plays a critical role in inducing adventitious rooting in many plants. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is the most widely employed auxin for adventitious rooting. However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulate the process of adventitious rooting are less well known. RESULTS The RNA-Seq data analysis indicated that IBA treatment greatly increased the amount of clean reads and the amount of expressed unigenes by 24.29 % and 27.42 % and by 4.3 % and 5.04 % at two time points, respectively, and significantly increased the numbers of unigenes numbered with RPKM = 10-100 and RPKM = 500-1000 by 13.04 % and 3.12 % and by 24.66 % and 108.2 % at two time points, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the enrichment of down-regulated GOs was 2.87-fold higher than that of up-regulated GOs at stage 1, suggesting that IBA significantly down-regulated gene expression at 6 h. The GO functional category indicated that IBA significantly up- or down-regulated processes associated with auxin signaling, ribosome assembly and protein synthesis, photosynthesis, oxidoreductase activity and extracellular region, secondary cell wall biogenesis, and the cell wall during the development process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment indicated that ribosome biogenesis, plant hormone signal transduction, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, ribosome, cutin, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism were the pathways most highly regulated by IBA. A total of 6369 differentially expressed (2-fold change > 2) unigenes (DEGs) with 3693 (58 %) that were up-regulated and 2676 (42 %) down-regulated, 5433 unigenes with 2208 (40.6 %) that were up-regulated and 3225 (59.4 %) down-regulated, and 7664 unigenes with 3187 (41.6 %) that were up-regulated and 4477 (58.4 %) down-regulated were detected at stage 1, stage 2, and between stage 1 and stage 2, respectively, suggesting that IBA treatment increased the number of DEGs. A total of 143 DEGs specifically involved in plant hormone signaling and 345 transcription factor (TF) genes were also regulated by IBA. qRT-PCR validation of the 36 genes with known functions indicated a strong correlation with the RNA-Seq data. CONCLUSIONS The changes in GO functional categories, KEGG pathways, and global DEG profiling during adventitious rooting induced by IBA were analyzed. These results provide valuable information about the molecular traits of IBA regulation of adventitious rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Weng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Fang Shi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Leng
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P.R. China.
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Ferjani A, Maeshima M. Editorial: Multiple Facets of H(+)-Pyrophosphatase and Related Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1265. [PMID: 27621736 PMCID: PMC5002413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei UniversityKoganei, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ali Ferjani
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
- Masayoshi Maeshima
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Khadilkar AS, Yadav UP, Salazar C, Shulaev V, Paez-Valencia J, Pizzio GA, Gaxiola RA, Ayre BG. Constitutive and Companion Cell-Specific Overexpression of AVP1, Encoding a Proton-Pumping Pyrophosphatase, Enhances Biomass Accumulation, Phloem Loading, and Long-Distance Transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:401-14. [PMID: 26530315 PMCID: PMC4704589 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant productivity is determined in large part by the partitioning of assimilates between the sites of production and the sites of utilization. Proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPases) are shown to participate in many energetic plant processes, including general growth and biomass accumulation, CO2 fixation, nutrient acquisition, and stress responses. H(+)-PPases have a well-documented role in hydrolyzing pyrophosphate (PPi) and capturing the released energy to pump H(+) across the tonoplast and endomembranes to create proton motive force (pmf). Recently, an additional role for H(+)-PPases in phloem loading and biomass partitioning was proposed. In companion cells (CCs) of the phloem, H(+)-PPases localize to the plasma membrane rather than endomembranes, and rather than hydrolyzing PPi to create pmf, pmf is utilized to synthesize PPi. Additional PPi in the CCs promotes sucrose oxidation and ATP synthesis, which the plasma membrane P-type ATPase in turn uses to create more pmf for phloem loading of sucrose via sucrose-H(+) symporters. To test this model, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants were generated with constitutive and CC-specific overexpression of AVP1, encoding type 1 ARABIDOPSIS VACUOLAR PYROPHOSPHATASE1. Plants with both constitutive and CC-specific overexpression accumulated more biomass in shoot and root systems. (14)C-labeling experiments showed enhanced photosynthesis, phloem loading, phloem transport, and delivery to sink organs. The results obtained with constitutive and CC-specific promoters were very similar, such that the growth enhancement mediated by AVP1 overexpression can be attributed to its role in phloem CCs. This supports the model for H(+)-PPases functioning as PPi synthases in the phloem by arguing that the increases in biomass observed with AVP1 overexpression stem from improved phloem loading and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswad S Khadilkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Umesh P Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Carolina Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Gaston A Pizzio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Roberto A Gaxiola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
| | - Brian G Ayre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.S.K., U.P.Y., C.S., V.S., B.G.A.); andSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (J.P.-V., G.A.P., R.A.G.)
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Lv S, Jiang P, Wang D, Li Y. H(+)-pyrophosphatase from Salicornia europaea enhances tolerance to low phosphate under salinity in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1128615. [PMID: 26669625 PMCID: PMC4871661 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1128615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil salinity threatens crop productivity worldwide. High soil salinity is usually accompanied by the low availability of many mineral nutrients. Here, we investigated the potential role that the H(+)- PPase could play in optimizing P use efficiency under salinity in plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing either SeVP1 or SeVP2 from Salicornia europaea outperformed the wild-types under low phosphate (Pi) as well as low Pi plus salt conditions. Our results suggested that H(+)-PPase could increase external Pi acquisition through promoting root development and upregulating phosphate transporters, thus to protect plants from Pi limiting stress. This study provides a potential strategy for improving crop yields challenged by the co-occurrence of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Duoliya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Molecular Cloning, Expression Analysis, and Functional Characterization of the H(+)-Pyrophosphatase from Jatropha curcas. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:1273-85. [PMID: 26643082 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
H(+)-pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase) is a primary pyrophosphate (PPi)-energized proton pump to generate electrochemical H(+) gradient for ATP production and substance translocations across membranes. It plays an important role in stress adaptation that was intensively substantiated by numerous transgenic plants overexpressing H(+)-PPases yet devoid of any correlated studies pointing to the elite energy plant, Jatropha curcas. Herein, we cloned the full length of J. curcas H(+)-PPase (JcVP1) complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription PCR, based on the assembled sequence of its ESTs highly matched to Hevea brasiliensis H(+)-PPase. This gene encodes a polypeptide of 765 amino acids that was predicted as a K(+)-dependent H(+)-PPase evolutionarily closest to those of other Euphorbiaceae plants. Many cis-regulatory elements relevant to environmental stresses, molecular signals, or tissue-specificity were identified by promoter prediction within the 1.5-kb region upstream of JcVP1 coding sequence. Meanwhile, the responses of JcVP1 expression to several common abiotic stresses (salt, drought, heat, cold) were characterized with a considerable accordance with the inherent stress tolerance of J. curcas. Moreover, we found that the heterologous expression of JcVP1 could significantly improve the salt tolerance in both recombinant Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and this effect could be further fortified in yeast by N-terminal addition of a vacuole-targeting signal peptide from the H(+)-PPase of Trypanosoma cruzi.
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