1
|
Chen W, Zhang X, Lu C, Chang H, Chachar Z, Fan L, An Y, Li X, Qi Y. Genome-wide association study of carotenoids in maize kernel. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20495. [PMID: 39129567 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the contents of four carotenoids in 244 maize inbred lines were detected and about three million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genome-wide association study to preliminarily analyze the genetic mechanism of maize kernel carotenoids. We identified 826 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were significantly associated with carotenoids contents, and two key candidate genes Zm00001d029526 (CYP18) and Zm00001d023336 (wrky91) were obtained. In addition, we found a germplasm IL78 with higher carotenoids. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for screening genes that guide kernel carotenoids selection breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanli Lu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Chang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Fan
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Qi
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xing L, Zhang Y, Ge M, Zhao L, Huo X. Identification of WRKY gene family in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. reveals that DoWRKY71 enhanced the tolerance to cold and ABA stress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17016. [PMID: 38560473 PMCID: PMC10981886 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors constitute one of the largest plant-specific gene families, regulating various aspects of plant growth, development, physiological processes, and responses to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the WRKY gene family of yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.), to understand their expression patterns during the growth and development process and their response to different treatments of yam and analyze the function of DoWRKY71 in detail. A total of 25 DoWRKY genes were identified from the transcriptome of yam, which were divided into six clades (I, IIa, IIc, IId, IIe, III) based on phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of conserved motifs revealed 10 motifs, varying in length from 16 to 50 amino acids. Based on real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, DoWRKY genes were expressed at different stages of growth and development and responded differentially to various abiotic stresses. The expression level of DoWRKY71 genes was up-regulated in the early stage and then down-regulated in tuber enlargement. This gene showed responsiveness to cold and abiotic stresses, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Therefore, further study was conducted on this gene. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the DoWRKY71 protein was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, the overexpression of DoWRKY71 enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic tobacco and promoted ABA mediated stomatal closure. This study presents the first systematic analysis of the WRKY gene family in yam, offering new insights for studying WRKY transcription factors in yam. The functional study of DoWRKY71 lays theoretical foundation for further exploring the regulatory function of the DoWRKY71 gene in the growth and development related signaling pathway of yam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xing
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingran Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiuwen Huo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang S, Ashraf U, Duan M, Ren Y, Xing P, Yan Z, Tang X. Ultrasonic seed treatment improved seed germination, growth, and yield of rice by modulating associated physio-biochemical mechanisms. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106821. [PMID: 38387222 PMCID: PMC10901143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasonic seed (US) treatment could alter seed germination mechanism, however, US induced alterations in morph-physiological attributes and yield of fragrant rice were rarely reported. In the present study, the seeds of three fragrant rice cultivars viz., Xiangyaxiangzhan, Meixiangzhan 2, Ruanhuayou 6100 and one non-fragrant rice viz., Wufengyou 615 were exposed to ultrasonic waves at 20-40 kHz for 1.5 min (T) whereas the seeds without exposure were taken as control (CK). Results showed that US treatment caused minor cracks on seed surface while improved seed germination rate (1.79 %-11.09 %) and 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) (3.36 %-46.91 %). Furthermore, peroxidase (POD) activity and methionine sulfoxide reductase activity was increased by 29.15 %-74.13 % and 11.26 %-20.87 %, respectively; however, methionine sulfoxide reductase related protein repairing gene MSRA4 was down-regulated by 17.93 % -41.04 % under T, compared to CK. Besides, US treatment also improved soluble protein in flag leaf (0.92 %-40.79 %), photosynthesis (3.37 %-16.46 %), biomass (5.17 %-31.87 %), as well as 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content (4.77 %-15.48 %) in rice grains. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that the dry weight at the maturity stage were significantly related to the POD, glutathione reductase (GR) activity, IAA, and abscisic acid (ABA) content while germination rate was positively related to the GR activity, ABA content, and yield, but which were negatively related to the IAA and gibberellic acid content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, 537000, China
| | - Pipeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuosheng Yan
- Guangzhou Golden Rice Agricultural Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabrangy A. Using Magnetic Fields to Enhance the Seed Germination, Growth, and Yield of Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2788:375-395. [PMID: 38656526 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3782-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Geomagnetic field (GMF) protects living organisms on the Earth from the radiation coming from space along with other environmental factors during evolution, and it has affected the growth and development of plants. Many researchers have always been interested in investigating these effects in different aspects. In this chapter, we focus on the methods of using different types of magnetic fields (MFs) to investigate the dimensions of their biological effects on plants. The aim is to increase seed germination, growth characters, and yield of plants using the following methods: (1) Using MFs lower than GMF to study effects of GMF on the growth and yield of plants. (2) Using reversed magnetic fields (RMFs) lower than GMF to study its effects on the growth and development of plants during evolution. (3) Using static magnetic fields (SMFs) higher than GMF and reversed SMFs to study effects of the south (S) and north (N) magnetic pole on plants. (4) Using electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to increase and accelerate seed germination, growth, and yield of plants, and establish the status of plants against other environmental stresses. (5) Using magnetized water (MW) to improve plant seed germination, growth, and yield. (6) Using high gradient magnetic field (HGMF) to study magneto-tropism in plants. In this chapter, we recommend application of various types of MFs to study their biological effects on plants to improve crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Shabrangy
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peery SR, Carle SW, Wysock M, Pumphrey MO, Steber CM. LMA or vivipary? Wheat grain can germinate precociously during grain maturation under the cool conditions used to induce late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156784. [PMID: 37457341 PMCID: PMC10338928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study found that wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain can germinate precociously during the maturation phase of grain development, a phenomenon called vivipary that was associated with alpha-amylase induction. Farmers receive severe discounts for grain with low falling number (FN), an indicator that grain contains sufficiently elevated levels of the starch-digesting enzyme alpha-amylase to pose a risk to end-product quality. High grain alpha-amylase can result from: preharvest sprouting (PHS)/germination when mature wheat is rained on before harvest, or from late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) when grain experiences cool temperatures during the soft dough stage of grain maturation (Zadoks growth stage 85). An initial LMA-induction experiment found that low FN was associated with premature visible germination, suggesting that cool and humid conditions caused vivipary. Methods To examine whether LMA and vivipary are related, controlled environment experiments examined the conditions that induce vivipary, whether LMA could be induced without vivipary, and whether the pattern of alpha-amylase expression during vivipary better resembled PHS or LMA. Results Vivipary was induced in the soft to hard dough stages of grain development (Zadok's stages 83-87) both on agar and after misting of the mother plant. This premature germination was associated with elevated alpha-amylase activity. Vivipary was more strongly induced under the cooler conditions used for LMA-induction (18°C day/7.5°C night) than warmer conditions (25°C day/18°C night). Cool temperatures could induce LMA with little or no visible germination when low humidity was maintained, and susceptibility to vivipary was not always associated with LMA susceptibility in a panel of 8 varieties. Mature grain preharvest sprouting results in much higher alpha-amylase levels at the embryo-end of the kernel. In contrast, vivipary resulted in a more even distribution of alpha-amylase that was reminiscent of LMA. Discussion Vivipary can occur in susceptible varieties under moist, cool conditions, and the resulting alpha-amylase activity may result in low FN problems when a farm experiences cool, rainy conditions before the crop is mature. While there are genotypic differences in LMA and vivipary susceptibility, overlapping mechanisms are likely involved since they are similarly controlled by temperature and growth stage, and result in similar patterns of alpha-amylase expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Peery
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Scott W. Carle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Matthew Wysock
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael O. Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Camille M. Steber
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Veerabagu M, van der Schoot C, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Rinne PLH. Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1785-1804. [PMID: 36760106 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perennial para- and endo-dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para-dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo-dormancy is the short-day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para-dormancy, whereas endo-dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA-deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox-biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA-metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4 -inducible α- and γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD-callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA-deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo-dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short-day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para-dormancy, PD-callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short-day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo-dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou M, Xu Y, Wang F, Yang X, Lu S, Zhang Y. Effects of seasonal temperature regimes on embryo growth and endogenous hormones of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114629. [PMID: 36938041 PMCID: PMC10022827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a mechanism that prevents seeds from germinating at times of the year when conditions are unfavorable, that is, when the chance of seed survival is low. Determining the seasonal dynamics of seed dormancy is important for exploring how plant regeneration is adapted to the environment. We studied the seed dormancy status of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, an endangered species in China, under simulated seasonal temperature regimes. The embryo length, embryo-to-seed (E : S) ratio, and percentage of seeds with a split seed coat increased when seeds were stratified at spring and autumn temperature regimes. The abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased during stratification at simulated seasonal temperatures, but no obvious pattern in the content of gibberellic acid (GA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) was observed. The GA-ABA and IAA-ABA ratios increased during stratification. These results suggest that T. chinensis var. mairei seeds have morphophysiological dormancy, and that the seasonal dynamics of seed dormancy break are controlled by endogenous hormones and their balances, which was confirmed by the results of a field experiment. Our study provides useful information for understanding the natural population regeneration and propagation of this threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunbao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niu L, Liu L, Zhang J, Scali M, Wang W, Hu X, Wu X. Genetic Engineering of Starch Biosynthesis in Maize Seeds for Efficient Enzymatic Digestion of Starch during Bioethanol Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043927. [PMID: 36835340 PMCID: PMC9967003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize accumulates large amounts of starch in seeds which have been used as food for human and animals. Maize starch is an importantly industrial raw material for bioethanol production. One critical step in bioethanol production is degrading starch to oligosaccharides and glucose by α-amylase and glucoamylase. This step usually requires high temperature and additional equipment, leading to an increased production cost. Currently, there remains a lack of specially designed maize cultivars with optimized starch (amylose and amylopectin) compositions for bioethanol production. We discussed the features of starch granules suitable for efficient enzymatic digestion. Thus far, great advances have been made in molecular characterization of the key proteins involved in starch metabolism in maize seeds. The review explores how these proteins affect starch metabolism pathway, especially in controlling the composition, size and features of starch. We highlight the roles of key enzymes in controlling amylose/amylopectin ratio and granules architecture. Based on current technological process of bioethanol production using maize starch, we propose that several key enzymes can be modified in abundance or activities via genetic engineering to synthesize easily degraded starch granules in maize seeds. The review provides a clue for developing special maize cultivars as raw material in the bioethanol industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liangwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng X, Xiong J, Zhang W, Guan H, Zheng D, Xiong H, Jia L, Hu Y, Zhou H, Wen Y, Zhang X, Wu F, Wang Q, Xu J, Lu Y. ZmLBD5, a class-II LBD gene, negatively regulates drought tolerance by impairing abscisic acid synthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1364-1376. [PMID: 36305873 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors. Class-I LBD genes have been widely demonstrated to play pivotal roles in organ development; however, knowledge on class-II genes remains limited. Here, we report that ZmLBD5, a class-II LBD gene, is involved in the regulation of maize (Zea mays) growth and the drought response by affecting gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. ZmLBD5 is mainly involved in regulation of the TPS-KS-GA2ox gene module, which is comprised of key enzyme-encoding genes involved in GA and ABA biosynthesis. ABA insufficiency increases stomatal density and aperture in overexpression plants and causes a drought-sensitive phenotype by promoting water transpiration. Increased GA1 levels promotes seedling growth in overexpression plants. Accordingly, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lbd5 seedlings are dwarf but drought-tolerant. Moreover, lbd5 has a higher grain yield under drought stress conditions and shows no penalty in well-watered conditions compared to the wild type. On the whole, ZmLBD5 is a negative regulator of maize drought tolerance, and it is a potentially useful target for drought resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huarui Guan
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Li Jia
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Zhou
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Fengkai Wu
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Liu S, Zhang Q, Cui M, Zhao M, Li N, Wang S, Wu R, Zhang L, Cao Y, Wang L. The interaction of ABA and ROS in plant growth and stress resistances. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050132. [PMID: 36507454 PMCID: PMC9729957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) plays an extremely important role in plant growth and adaptive stress, including but are not limited to seed germination, stomatal closure, pathogen infection, drought and cold stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are response molecules widely produced by plant cells under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The production of apoplast ROS is induced and regulated by ABA, and participates in the ABA signaling pathway and its regulated plant immune system. In this review, we summarize ABA and ROS in apoplast ROS production, plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant growth regulation, ABA signal transduction, and the regulatory relationship between ABA and other plant hormones. In addition, we also discuss the effects of protein post-translational modifications on ABA and ROS related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Meixiang Cui
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Nanyang Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Suna Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ruigang Wu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar S, Shah SH, Vimala Y, Jatav HS, Ahmad P, Chen Y, Siddique KHM. Abscisic acid: Metabolism, transport, crosstalk with other plant growth regulators, and its role in heavy metal stress mitigation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:972856. [PMID: 36186053 PMCID: PMC9515544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.972856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) stress is threatening agricultural crops, ecological systems, and human health worldwide. HM toxicity adversely affects plant growth, physiological processes, and crop productivity by disturbing cellular ionic balance, metabolic balance, cell membrane integrity, and protein and enzyme activities. Plants under HM stress intrinsically develop mechanisms to counter the adversities of HM but not prevent them. However, the exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) is a strategy for boosting the tolerance capacity of plants against HM toxicity by improving osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant machinery. ABA is an essential plant growth regulator that modulates various plant growth and metabolic processes, including seed development and germination, vegetative growth, stomatal regulation, flowering, and leaf senescence under diverse environmental conditions. This review summarizes ABA biosynthesis, signaling, transport, and catabolism in plant tissues and the adverse effects of HM stress on crop plants. Moreover, we describe the role of ABA in mitigating HM stress and elucidating the interplay of ABA with other plant growth regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Shah
- Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Yerramilli Vimala
- Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Hanuman Singh Jatav
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University Jobner, Jaipur, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin Y, Wang B, Tian L, Zhao L, Guo S, Zhang H, Xu L, Han Z. Identification of miRNAs and their target genes associated with improved maize seed vigor induced by gibberellin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008872. [PMID: 36176685 PMCID: PMC9514094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High seed vigor is crucial for agricultural production owing to its potential in high quality and yield of crops and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism associated with maize seed vigor is highly necessary. To better understand the involvement and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs correlated with maize seed vigor, small RNAs and degradome sequencing of two inbred lines Yu537A and Yu82 were performed. A total of 791 mature miRNAs were obtained with different expressions, among of which 505 miRNAs were newly identified and the rest miRNAs have been reported before by comparing the miRNAs with the sequences in miRbase database. Analysis of miRNA families showed maize seeds contain fewer miRNA families and larger miRNA families compared with animals, indicating that functions of miRNAs in maize seeds were more synergistic than animals. Degradome sequencing was used to identify the targets of miRNAs and the results showed a total of 6,196 targets were obtained. Function analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs and targets showed Glycan degradation and galactose metabolism were closely correlated with improved maize seed vigor. These findings provide valuable information to understand the involvement of miRNAs with maize seed vigor and these putative genes will be valuable resources for improving the seed vigor in future maize breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Jin
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lei Tian
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linxi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shulei Guo
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengchao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lengrui Xu
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zanping Han
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Badoni S, Parween S, Henry RJ, Sreenivasulu N. Systems seed biology to understand and manipulate rice grain quality and nutrition. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35723584 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2058460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most essential crops since it meets the calorific needs of 3 billion people around the world. Rice seed development initiates upon fertilization, leading to the establishment of two distinct filial tissues, the endosperm and embryo, which accumulate distinct seed storage products, such as starch, storage proteins, and lipids. A range of systems biology tools deployed in dissecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of transcriptome data, methylation, and small RNA based regulation operative during seed development, influencing the accumulation of storage products was reviewed. Studies of other model systems are also considered due to the limited information on the rice transcriptome. This review highlights key genes identified through a holistic view of systems biology targeted to modify biochemical composition and influence rice grain quality and nutritional value with the target of improving rice as a functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Badoni
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| | - Sabiha Parween
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| | - Robert J Henry
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ling LZ, Zhang SD. Comparative proteomic analysis between mature and germinating seeds in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13304. [PMID: 35578673 PMCID: PMC9107301 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The long dormancy period of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds affects the supply of this scarce plant, which is used as an important traditional Chinese medicine. Mature seeds with a globular embryo and germinating seeds with developed embryo were used to explore the mechanisms of seed germination in this species. The protein profiles between the mature and germinating seeds were compared using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach. Of the 4,488 proteins identified, a total of 1,305 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these DEPs indicated that metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the two top pathways. Additionally, phytohormone quantification shows that the abscisic acid (ABA) level significantly decreased, whereas the GA3 level dramatically increased among nine endogenous gibberellins (GAs), resulting in a significant increase of the GA3/ABA ratio in germinating seeds. The biosynthesis pathways of carotenoid as a precursor for ABA production and GA were further analyzed, and showed that proteinic expressions of the candidate genes in the two pathways did not correlate with the transcriptional abundances. However, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), a rate limited enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, was significantly decreased in mRNA levels in germinating seeds. By contrast, gibberellin 20-oxidase (GA20ox), a key enzyme GA biosynthesis, exhibited the major increase in one copy and a slight decrease in three others at the protentional level in germinating seeds. Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox), an inactivate enzyme in bioactive GAs, has the tendency to down-regulate in mRNA or at the proteinic level in germinating seeds. Altogether, these results suggested that the analyses of ABA and GA levels, the GA3/ABA ratio, and the expressional patterns of their regulatory genes may provide a novel mechanistic understanding of how phytohormones regulate seed germination in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang A, Jin L, Yarra R, Cao H, Chen P, John Martin JJ. Transcriptome analysis reveals key developmental and metabolic regulatory aspects of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) during zygotic embryo development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 35279075 PMCID: PMC8917659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil palm is the most efficient oil-producing crop in the world, and the yield of palm oil is associated with embryonic development. However, a comprehensive understanding of zygotic embryo development at the molecular level remains elusive. In order to address this issue, we report the transcriptomic analysis of zygotic embryo development in oil palm, specifically focusing on regulatory genes involved in important biological pathways. RESULTS In this study, three cDNA libraries were prepared from embryos at S1 (early-stage), S2 (middle-stage), and S3 (late-stage). There were 16,367, 16,500, and 18,012 genes characterized at the S1, S2, and S3 stages of embryonic development, respectively. A total of 1522, 2698, and 142 genes were differentially expressed in S1 vs S2, S1 vs S3, and S2 vs S3, respectively. Using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to identify key genes and pathways. In the hormone signaling pathway, genes related to auxin antagonize the output of cytokinin which regulates the development of embryo meristem. The genes related to abscisic acid negatively regulating the synthesis of gibberellin were strongly up-regulated in the mid-late stage of embryonic development. The results were reported the early synthesis and mid-late degradation of sucrose, as well as the activation of the continuous degradation pathway of temporary starch, providing the nutrients needed for differentiation of the embryonic cell. Moreover, the transcripts of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were also abundantly accumulated in the zygotic embryos. CONCLUSION Taken together, our research provides a new perspective on the developmental and metabolic regulation of zygotic embryo development at the transcriptional level in oil palm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Longfei Jin
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Rajesh Yarra
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Hongxing Cao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, 571339, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji C, Xu L, Li Y, Fu Y, Li S, Wang Q, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wang W, Wang J, Wu Y. The O2-ZmGRAS11 transcriptional regulatory network orchestrates the coordination of endosperm cell expansion and grain filling in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:468-487. [PMID: 34848346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) endosperm filling is coordinated with cell expansion to enlarge the grain size, but the mechanism coupling the two processes is poorly understood. Starchy endosperm cells basically contain no visible vacuoles for cell expansion. During grain filling, efficient synthesis of storage compounds leads to reduced cytoplasm and thus lowered cell turgor pressure. Although bioactive gibberellins (GAs) are essential for cell expansion, they accumulate at a low level at this stage. In this study, we identified an endosperm-specific GRAS domain-containing protein (ZmGRAS11) that lacks the DELLA domain and promotes cell expansion in the filling endosperm. The zmgras11 loss-of-function mutants showed normal grain filling but delayed cell expansion, thereby resulting in reduced kernel size and weight. Overexpression of ZmGRAS11 led to larger endosperm cells and therefore increased kernel size and weight. Consistent with this, ZmGRAS11 positively regulates the expression of ZmEXPB12, which is essential for cell expansion, at the endosperm filling stage. Moreover, we found that Opaque2 (O2), a central transcription factor that regulates endosperm filling, could directly bind to the promoter of ZmGRAS11 and activate its expression. Taken together, these results suggest that endosperm cell expansion is coupled with endosperm filling, which is orchestrated by the O2-ZmGRAS11-centered transcriptional regulatory network. Our findings also provide potential targets for maize yield improvement by increasing the storage capacity of endosperm cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhongqin Zhang
- Hebei Sub-center of the Chinese National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali F, Qanmber G, Li F, Wang Z. Updated role of ABA in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination. J Adv Res 2022; 35:199-214. [PMID: 35003801 PMCID: PMC8721241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional ABA biosynthesis genes show specific roles for ABA accumulation at different stages of seed development and seedling establishment. De novo ABA biosynthesis during embryogenesis is required for late seed development, maturation, and induction of primary dormancy. ABA plays multiple roles with the key LAFL hub to regulate various downstream signaling genes in seed and seedling development. Key ABA signaling genes ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 play important multiple functions with various cofactors during seed development such as de-greening, desiccation tolerance, maturation, dormancy, and seed vigor. The crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones are complicated and important for seed development and seedling establishment.
Background Seed is vital for plant survival and dispersion, however, its development and germination are influenced by various internal and external factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones that influence seed development and germination. Until now, impressive progresses in ABA metabolism and signaling pathways during seed development and germination have been achieved. At the molecular level, ABA biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling genes were identified to play important roles in seed development and germination. Additionally, the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones such as gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), Brassinolide (BR), and auxin also play critical roles. Although these studies explored some actions and mechanisms by which ABA-related factors regulate seed morphogenesis, dormancy, and germination, the complete network of ABA in seed traits is still unclear. Aim of review Presently, seed faces challenges in survival and viability. Due to the vital positive roles in dormancy induction and maintenance, as well as a vibrant negative role in the seed germination of ABA, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of various ABA regulators that are involved in seed dormancy and germination with the updated knowledge and draw a better network for the underlying mechanisms of the ABA, which would advance the understanding and artificial modification of the seed vigor and longevity regulation. Key scientific concept of review Here, we review functions and mechanisms of ABA in different seed development stages and seed germination, discuss the current progresses especially on the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones and signaling molecules, address novel points and key challenges (e.g., exploring more regulators, more cofactors involved in the crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones, and visualization of active ABA in the plant), and outline future perspectives for ABA regulating seed associated traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dziurka K, Dziurka M, Muszyńska E, Czyczyło-Mysza I, Warchoł M, Juzoń K, Laskoś K, Skrzypek E. Anatomical and hormonal factors determining the development of haploid and zygotic embryos of oat (Avena sativa L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:548. [PMID: 35017602 PMCID: PMC8752813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the production of doubled haploids is a conversion of the haploid embryos into plants. Our study aimed to recognize the reasons for the low germination rate of Avena sativa haploid embryos obtained by distant crossing with maize. Oat cultivars of 'Krezus' and 'Akt' were investigated regarding embryo anatomy, the endogenous phytohormone profiles, and antioxidant capacity. The zygotic embryos of oat were used as a reference. It was found that twenty-one days old haploid embryos were smaller and had a less advanced structure than zygotic ones. Morphology and anatomy modifications of haploid embryos were accompanied by extremely low levels of endogenous auxins. Higher levels of cytokinins, as well as tenfold higher cytokinin to auxin ratio in haploid than in zygotic embryos, may suggest an earlier stage of development of these former. Individual gibberellins reached higher values in 'Akt' haploid embryos than in the respective zygotic ones, while the differences in both types of 'Krezus' embryos were not noticed. Additionally to the hormonal regulation of haploid embryogenesis, the poor germination of oat haploid embryos can be a result of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and therefore higher levels of low molecular weight antioxidants and stress hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dziurka
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Department of Developmental Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Laskoś
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Skrzypek
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maeda AB, Wells LW, Sheehan MA, Dever JK. Stories from the Greenhouse-A Brief on Cotton Seed Germination. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122807. [PMID: 34961278 PMCID: PMC8708450 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is the basis for the proliferation of sexual-reproducing plants, efficient crop production, and a successful crop improvement research program. Cotton (Gossypium spp.), the subject of this review, can be often sensitive to germination conditions. The hardness of the cotton seed coat, storage, extreme temperatures, and dormancy are some of the factors that can influence cotton seed germination. Research programs conducting studies on exotic and wild cotton species are especially affected by those hurdles. Here, we briefly review the challenges of cotton seed germination and some of the approaches our cotton breeding program explored throughout the years.
Collapse
|
20
|
Debouza NE, Babu Thruppoyil S, Gopi K, Zain S, Ksiksi T. Plant and seed germination responses to global change, with a focus on CO2: A review. ONE ECOSYSTEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/oneeco.6.e74260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Earth atmospheric CO2 concentration has risen by over 35% since 1750 and is presently increasing by about 2 parts per million (ppm) every year. Due to contributions from human activity, CO2 is projected to keep rising in the predictable future and to double sometime during this century if fossil fuels burning remains. As a result, air temperature is projected to rise from 2 to 5 °C by 2100. Following this rise in CO2, some ecosystems will face challenges in the next few decades as plants will live in warmer temperatures, higher evaporating demand and widespread changes in drought lengths and severity. To yield healthy crops and forests in changing climate surroundings, it is vital to define whether elevated CO2 disturbs seed germination and plant formation, but even more, the physiological traits conferring drought tolerance. Here, we review the current understanding on the role that CO2 plays on plant growth and seed germination, as well as its impact during the exposure of abiotic stresses like drought and salinity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Silva VM, Putti FF, White PJ, Reis ARD. Phytic acid accumulation in plants: Biosynthesis pathway regulation and role in human diet. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:132-146. [PMID: 33991859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytate or phytic acid (PA), is a phosphorus (P) containing compound generated by the stepwise phosphorylation of myo-inositol. It forms complexes with some nutrient cations, such as Ca, Fe and Zn, compromising their absorption and thus acting as an anti-nutrient in the digestive tract of humans and monogastric animals. Conversely, PAs are an important form of P storage in seeds, making up to 90% of total seed P. Phytates also play a role in germination and are related to the synthesis of abscisic acid and gibberellins, the hormones involved in seed germination. Decreasing PA content in plants is desirable for human dietary. Therefore, low phytic acid (lpa) mutants might present some negative pleiotropic effects, which could impair germination and seed viability. In the present study, we review current knowledge of the genes encoding enzymes that function in different stages of PA synthesis, from the first phosphorylation of myo-inositol to PA transport into seed reserve tissues, and the application of this knowledge to reduce PA concentrations in edible crops to enhance human diet. Finally, phylogenetic data for PA concentrations in different plant families and distributed across several countries under different environmental conditions are compiled. The results of the present study help explain the importance of PA accumulation in different plant families and the distribution of PA accumulation in different foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip J White
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar P, Parveen A, Sharma H, Rahim MS, Mishra A, Kumar P, Shah K, Rishi V, Roy J. Understanding the regulatory relationship of abscisic acid and bZIP transcription factors towards amylose biosynthesis in wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2473-2483. [PMID: 33834358 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Starch is biosynthesized during seed development and this process is regulated by many bZIP proteins in bread wheat. Abscisic acid (ABA), an important phyto-hormone involved in various physiological processes mediated by bZIPs in plants including seed development. The 'Group A' TabZIP transcription factors play important roles in the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis, rice and other cereal crops but their role in regulation of amylose biosynthesis in wheat is limited. In this study 83 'Group A' TabZIPs were characterized by gene expression analysis in wheat amylose mutants. A set of 17 TabZIPs was selected on the basis of differential expression (> 2 fold) in low and high amylose mutants from RNA-seq data and validated by qRT PCR. Based on qRT PCR and correlation analysis out of the 17 TabZIPs six differentially expressed candidate TabZIPs were identified, involving in high amylose biosynthesis. The TabZIP175.2, identified as upregulated in all high amylose lines and TabZIP90.2, TabZIP129.1, TabZIP132.2, TabZIP143 and TabZIP159.2 were found downregulated in all low amylose lines, after exogenous supply of ABA. Proximal promoter analysis of starch pathway genes revealed the presence of ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) that are putative binding sites for bZIPs. Collectively, these findings indicated the involvement of putative six candidate TabZIPs as transcriptional regulators of amylose related genes via an ABA-dependent pathway in wheat. This study could help the investigators to make an informed decision to edit wheat genome for high/low amylose content using gene-editing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Afsana Parveen
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ankita Mishra
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Koushik Shah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Vikas Rishi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kosakivska IV. GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Wen W, Zhang Y, Du J, Zhao Y, Guo X. Genome-Wide Association Study of Maize Aboveground Dry Matter Accumulation at Seedling Stage. Front Genet 2021; 11:571236. [PMID: 33519889 PMCID: PMC7838602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.571236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry matter accumulation and partitioning during the early phases of development could significantly affect crop growth and productivity. In this study, the aboveground dry matter (DM), the DM of different organs, and partition coefficients of a maize association mapping panel of 412 inbred lines were evaluated at the third and sixth leaf stages (V3 and V6). Further, the properties of these phenotypic traits were analyzed. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on the total aboveground biomass and the DM of different organs. Analysis of GWAS results identified a total of 1,103 unique candidate genes annotated by 678 significant SNPs (P value < 1.28e-6). A total of 224 genes annotated by SNPs at the top five of each GWAS method and detected by multiple GWAS methods were regarded as having high reliability. Pathway enrichment analysis was also performed to explore the biological significance and functions of these candidate genes. Several biological pathways related to the regulation of seed growth, gibberellin-mediated signaling pathway, and long-day photoperiodism were enriched. The results of our study could provide new perspectives on breeding high-yielding maize varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiliang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen J, Yan B, Tang Y, Xing Y, Li Y, Zhou D, Guo S. Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Germination of Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) Respond Differently to Exogenous Gibberellins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6104. [PMID: 32854186 PMCID: PMC7503528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds of almost all orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to induce their germination in the wild. The regulation of this symbiotic germination of orchid seeds involves complex crosstalk interactions between mycorrhizal establishment and the germination process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gibberellins (GAs) on the symbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale seeds and its functioning in the mutualistic interaction between orchid species and their mycobionts. To do this, we used liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer to quantify endogenous hormones across different development stages between symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of D. officinale, as well as real-time quantitative PCR to investigate gene expression levels during seed germination under the different treatment concentrations of exogenous gibberellic acids (GA3). Our results showed that the level of endogenous GA3 was not significantly different between the asymbiotic and symbiotic germination groups, but the ratio of GA3 and abscisic acids (ABA) was significantly higher during symbiotic germination than asymbiotic germination. Exogenous GA3 treatment showed that a high concentration of GA3 could inhibit fungal colonization in the embryo cell and decrease the seed germination rate, but did not significantly affect asymbiotic germination or the growth of the free-living fungal mycelium. The expression of genes involved in the common symbiotic pathway (e.g., calcium-binding protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase) responded to the changed concentrations of exogenous GA3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GA3 is probably a key signal molecule for crosstalk between the seed germination pathway and mycorrhiza symbiosis during the orchid seed symbiotic germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (B.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (B.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guo W, Han L, Li X, Wang H, Mu P, Lin Q, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Proteome and lysine acetylome analysis reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of seed germination in wheat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13454. [PMID: 32778714 PMCID: PMC7418024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is the first stage in wheat growth and development, directly affecting grain yield and quality. As an important post-translation modification, lysine acetylation participates in diverse biological functions. However, little is known regarding the quantitative acetylproteome characterization during wheat seed germination. In this study, we generated the first comparative proteomes and lysine acetylomes during wheat seed germination. In total, 5,639 proteins and 1,301 acetylated sites on 722 proteins were identified at 0, 12 and 24 h after imbibitions. Several particularly preferred amino acids were found near acetylation sites, including KacS, KacT, KacK, KacR, KacH, KacF, KacN, Kac*E, FKac and Kac*D, in the embryos during seed germination. Among them, KacH, KacF, FKac and KacK were conserved in wheat. Biosynthetic process, transcriptional regulation, ribosome and proteasome pathway related proteins were significantly enriched in both differentially expressed proteins and differentially acetylated proteins through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. We also revealed that histone acetylation was differentially involved in epigenetic regulation during seed germination. Meanwhile, abscisic acid and stress related proteins were found with acetylation changes. In addition, we focused on 8 enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and found they were differentially acetylated during seed germination. Finally, a putative metabolic pathway was proposed to dissect the roles of protein acetylation during wheat seed germination. These results not only demonstrate that lysine acetylation may play key roles in seed germination of wheat but also reveal insights into the molecular mechanism of seed germination in this crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Liping Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Ximei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Ping Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China.,Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effects of Gibberellin (GA 4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080978. [PMID: 32752115 PMCID: PMC7465664 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L-1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L-1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L-1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L-1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L-1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun Y, Dong L, Zhang Y, Lin D, Xu W, Ke C, Han L, Deng L, Li G, Jackson D, Li X, Yang F. 3D genome architecture coordinates trans and cis regulation of differentially expressed ear and tassel genes in maize. Genome Biol 2020; 21:143. [PMID: 32546248 PMCID: PMC7296987 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize ears and tassels are two separate types of inflorescence which are initiated by similar developmental processes but gradually develop distinct architectures. However, coordinated trans and cis regulation of differentially expressed genes determining ear and tassel architecture within the 3D genome context is largely unknown. RESULTS We identify 56,055 and 52,633 open chromatin regions (OCRs) in developing maize ear and tassel primordia using ATAC-seq and characterize combinatorial epigenome features around these OCRs using ChIP-seq, Bisulfite-seq, and RNA-seq datasets. Our integrative analysis of coordinated epigenetic modification and transcription factor binding to OCRs highlights the cis and trans regulation of differentially expressed genes in ear and tassel controlling inflorescence architecture. We further systematically map chromatin interactions at high-resolution in corresponding tissues using in situ digestion-ligation-only Hi-C (DLO Hi-C). The extensive chromatin loops connecting OCRs and genes provide a 3D view on cis- and trans-regulatory modules responsible for ear- and tassel-specific gene expression. We find that intergenic SNPs tend to locate in distal OCRs, and our chromatin interaction maps provide a potential mechanism for trait-associated intergenic SNPs that may contribute to phenotypic variation by influencing target gene expression through chromatin loops. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive epigenome annotations and 3D genome maps serve as valuable resource and provide a deep understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms of genes underlying developmental and morphological diversities between maize ear and tassel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weize Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxiong Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqian Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - David Jackson
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA
| | - Xingwang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xin P, Guo Q, Li B, Cheng S, Yan J, Chu J. A Tailored High-Efficiency Sample Pretreatment Method for Simultaneous Quantification of 10 Classes of Known Endogenous Phytohormones. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100047. [PMID: 33367242 PMCID: PMC7747986 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the hottest topics in plant hormone biology is the crosstalk mechanisms, whereby multiple classes of phytohormones interplay with each other through signaling networks. To better understand the roles of hormonal crosstalks in their complex regulatory networks, it is of high significance to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of multiple -phytohormones simultaneously from one plant tissue sample. In this study, we develop a high-sensitivity and high-throughput method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 44 phytohormone compounds, covering currently known 10 major classes of phytohormones (strigolactones, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, auxin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, and polypeptide hormones [e.g., phytosulfokine]) from only 100 mg of plant sample. These compounds were grouped and purified separately with a tailored solid-phase extraction procedure based on their physicochemical properties and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The recoveries of our method ranged from 49.6% to 99.9% and the matrix effects from 61.8% to 102.5%, indicating that the overall sample pretreatment design resulted in good purification. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of our method ranged from 0.06 to 1.29 pg/100 mg fresh weight and its precision was less than 13.4%, indicating high sensitivity and good reproducibility of the method. Tests of our method in different plant matrices demonstrated its wide applicability. Collectively, these advantages will make our method helpful in clarifying the crosstalk networks of phytohormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
| | - Qiuhuan Guo
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Li
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Yan
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kruglova NN, Titova GE, Seldimirova OA, Zinatullina AE, Veselov DS. Embryo of Flowering Plants at the Critical Stage of Embryogenesis Relative Autonomy (by Example of Cereals). Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Ethylene Production in Germinating Seeds in Maize (Zea mays L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:1677. [PMID: 32015470 PMCID: PMC6997408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant seed germination is a crucial developmental event that has significant effects on seedling establishment and yield production. This process is controlled by multiple intrinsic signals, particularly phytohormones. The gaseous hormone ethylene stimulates seed germination; however, the genetic basis of ethylene production in maize during seed germination remains poorly understood. In this study, we quantified the diversity of germination among 14 inbred lines representing the parental materials corresponding to multiple recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling ethylene production were then identified in germinating seeds from an RIL population constructed from two parental lines showing differences in both germination speed and ethylene production during germination. To explore the possible genetic correlations of ethylene production with other traits, seed germination and seed weight were evaluated using the same batch of samples. On the basis of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic linkage maps, we detected three QTLs for ethylene production in germinating seeds, three QTLs for seed germination, and four QTLs for seed weight, with each QTL explaining 5.8%–13.2% of the phenotypic variation of the trait. No QTLs were observed to be co-localized, suggesting that the genetic bases underlying the three traits are largely different. Our findings reveal three chromosomal regions responsible for ethylene production during seed germination, and provide a valuable reference for the future investigation of the genetic mechanism underlying the role of the stress hormone ethylene in maize germination control under unfavourable external conditions.
Collapse
|
32
|
N'Gaza ALF, Kouassi KI, Koffi KK, Kouakou KL, Baudoin JP, Zoro BIA. Prevalence and variation of viviparous germination with respect to fruit maturation in the bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley (Cucurbitaceae). Heliyon 2019; 5:e02584. [PMID: 31720446 PMCID: PMC6838920 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Researches documenting comprehensively the prevalence of seed vivipary in relation to phenology, as well as its impact on production are scant. This article reports the results of investigations carried out during four cropping seasons to quantitatively document seed vivipary in the oleaginous bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Field experiments were conducted during the first and second cropping season of 2014 and 2015 at the experimental station of Nangui Abrogoua University (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). The assessment of the prevalence of seed vivipary was carried out using 185 L. siceraria accessions collected in different ecological zones of Côte d'Ivoire. To examine the influence of fruit maturation time on seed vivipary, four accessions (two viviparous and two non-viviparous) were cropped and harvested at 30 and 50 days after fertilization (DAF), complete whiteness of plants (CPW) and after 60 days of storage of fruits harvested on plants completely withered (CPWS). Finally, a comparative analysis of seed yield and its main components was conducted using four accessions including two highly viviparous and two non-viviparous. The results on seed vivipary prevalence showed that the oleaginous form of L. siceraria is highly susceptible and allowed the classification of the 185 accessions analyzed into three groups: non-viviparous (2.16%), viviparous (89.19%) and highly viviparous accessions (8.65%). No precocious seed germination was observed in non-viviparous accessions during fruit maturation stage. The fruits of highly viviparous accessions harvested at 30 DAF showed no precocious seed germination while 3.35–17.89% of fruits bearing viviparous seed were observed at 50 DAF. Plants from highly viviparous fruits showed significantly low yields compared those from non-viviparous fruits. These results suggested that an efficient control of seed vivipary allowing a quantitative and qualitative improvement of yield in the oilseed bottle gourd can be ensured by the selection of vivipary-tolerant genotypes and appropriate planning of the harvest time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya L F N'Gaza
- Unité de Phytotechnie et Amélioration Génétique, Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Kouadio I Kouassi
- Unité de Phytotechnie et Amélioration Génétique, Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Kouamé K Koffi
- Unité de Phytotechnie et Amélioration Génétique, Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Kouakou L Kouakou
- Unité de Phytotechnie et Amélioration Génétique, Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Unité de Phytotechnie Tropicale et Horticulture, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), Université de Liège, passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bi Irié A Zoro
- Unité de Phytotechnie et Amélioration Génétique, Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zheng X, Li Q, Li C, An D, Xiao Q, Wang W, Wu Y. Intra-Kernel Reallocation of Proteins in Maize Depends on VP1-Mediated Scutellum Development and Nutrient Assimilation. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2613-2635. [PMID: 31530735 PMCID: PMC6881121 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During maize (Zea mays) seed development, the endosperm functions as the major organ for storage of photoassimilate, serving to nourish the embryo. α-Zeins and globulins (GLBs) predominantly accumulate in the maize endosperm and embryo, respectively. Here, we show that suppression of α-zeins by RNA interference (αRNAi) in the endosperm results in more GLB1 being synthesized in the embryo, thereby markedly increasing the size and number of protein storage vacuoles. Glb genes are strongly expressed in the middle-to-upper section of the scutellum, cells of which are significantly enlarged by αRNAi induction. Elimination of GLBs caused an apparent reduction in embryo protein level, regardless of whether α-zeins were expressed or suppressed in the endosperm, indicating that GLBs represent the dominant capacity for storage of amino acids allocated from the endosperm. It appears that protein reallocation is mostly regulated at the transcriptional level. Genes differentially expressed between wild-type and αRNAi kernels are mainly involved in sulfur assimilation and nutrient metabolism, and many are transactivated by VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1). In vp1 embryos, misshapen scutellum cells contain notably less cellular content and are unable to respond to αRNAi induction. Our results demonstrate that VP1 is essential for scutellum development and protein reallocation from the endosperm to embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kang MJ, Shin AY, Shin Y, Lee SA, Lee HR, Kim TD, Choi M, Koo N, Kim YM, Kyeong D, Subramaniyam S, Park EJ. Identification of transcriptome-wide, nut weight-associated SNPs in Castanea crenata. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13161. [PMID: 31511588 PMCID: PMC6739505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nut weight is one of the most important traits that can affect a chestnut grower's returns. Due to the long juvenile phase of chestnut trees, the selection of desired characteristics at early developmental stages represents a major challenge for chestnut breeding. In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transcriptomic regions, which were significantly associated with nut weight in chestnuts (Castanea crenata), using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data were generated from large and small nut-bearing trees, using an Illumina HiSeq. 2000 system, and 3,271,142 SNPs were identified. A total of 21 putative SNPs were significantly associated with chestnut weight (false discovery rate [FDR] < 10-5), based on further analyses. We also applied five machine learning (ML) algorithms, support vector machine (SVM), C5.0, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), partial least squares (PLS), and random forest (RF), using the 21 SNPs to predict the nut weights of a second population. The average accuracy of the ML algorithms for the prediction of chestnut weights was greater than 68%. Taken together, we suggest that these SNPs have the potential to be used during marker-assisted selection to facilitate the breeding of large chestnut-bearing varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kang
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Shin
- Research and Development Center, Insillicogen Inc, Yongin, 16954, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ryeon Lee
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Dong Kim
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Choi
- Plant Resources Industry Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjin Koo
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Kyeong
- Research and Development Center, Insillicogen Inc, Yongin, 16954, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eung-Jun Park
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang LR, Yang XN, Gao YS, Zhang XY, Hu W, Zhou Z, Meng YL. Investigating seed dormancy in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): understanding the physiological changes in embryo during after-ripening and germination. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:911-919. [PMID: 31077623 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The dormancy of seeds of upland cotton can be broken during dry after-ripening, but the mechanism of its dormancy release remains unclear. Freshly harvested cotton seeds were subjected to after-ripening for 180 days. Cotton seeds from different days of after-ripening (DAR) were sampled for dynamic physiological determination and germination tests. The intact seeds and isolated embryos were germinated to assess effects of the seed coat on embryo germination. Content of H2 O2 and phytohormones and activities of antioxidant enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured during after-ripening and germination. Germination of intact seeds increased from 7% upon harvest to 96% at 30 DAR, while embryo germination improved from an initial rate of 82% to 100% after 14 DAR. Based on T50 (time when 50% of seeds germinate) and germination index, the intact seed and isolated embryo needed 30 and 21 DAR, respectively, to acquire relatively stable germination. The content of H2 O2 increased during after-ripening and continued to increase within the first few hours of imbibition, along with a decrease in abscisic acid (ABA) content. A noticeable increase was observed in gibberellic acid content during germination when ABA content decreased to a lower level. Coat removal treatment accelerated embryo absorption of water, which further improved the accumulation of H2 O2 and changed peroxidase content during germination. For cotton seed, the alleviation of coat-imposed dormancy required 30 days of after-ripening, accompanied by rapid dormancy release (within 21 DAR) in naked embryos. H2 O2 acted as a core link between the response to environmental changes and induction of other physiological changes for breaking seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Wang
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X N Yang
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y S Gao
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Hu
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y L Meng
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Marques A, Nijveen H, Somi C, Ligterink W, Hilhorst H. Induction of desiccation tolerance in desiccation sensitive Citrus limon seeds. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:624-638. [PMID: 30697936 PMCID: PMC6593971 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many economically important perennial species bear recalcitrant seeds, including tea, coffee, cocoa, mango, citrus, rubber, oil palm and coconut. Orthodox seeds can be dried almost completely without losing viability, but so-called recalcitrant seeds have a very limited storage life and die upon drying below a higher critical moisture content than orthodox seeds. As a result, the development of long-term storage methods for recalcitrant seeds is compromised. Lowering this critical moisture content would be very valuable since dry seed storage is the safest, most convenient and cheapest method for conserving plant genetic resources. Therefore, we have attempted to induce desiccation tolerance (DT) in the desiccation sensitive seeds of Citrus limon. We show that DT can be induced by paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis) and we studied its associated transcriptome to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction of DT. Paclobutrazol not only interfered with gibberellin related gene expression but also caused extensive changes in expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of other hormones. Paclobutrazol induced a transcriptomic switch encompassing suppression of biotic- and induction of abiotic responses. We hypothesize that this is the main driver of the induction of DT by paclobutrazol in C. limon seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marques
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Harm Nijveen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles Somi
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang M, Qu H, Zhang H, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang C. Hormone and RNA-seq analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying differences in seed vigour at different maize ear positions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:461-476. [PMID: 30710225 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABA/GA4 ratio, stress resistance, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and chromatin structure play important roles in vigour differences of seeds located at different maize ear positions. Seed vigour, which ensures rapid and uniform field emergence across diverse environments, differs at different maize ear positions. However, little is known regarding the associated mechanisms. In this study, we determined that seed vigour, stress resistance, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were higher in seeds from middle and bottom section of the ear, while the ABA/GA4 ratio in the embryos was significantly lower. Compared with the seeds subjected to repeated pollination during silking, less variation in seed vigour and the ABA/GA4 ratio in the embryos was observed in seeds at different ear positions subjected to single pollination after complete silking. This indicated that single pollination can reduce, but not eliminate, the differences in seed vigour at different ear positions. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the seed vigour differences at the different locations of the maize ears of the single pollinated treatment were related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In contrast, the differences in seed vigour under repeated pollination were related to chromatin structure. The present study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying differences in seed vigour at different positions on the maize ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim JY, Adhikari PB, Ahn CH, Kim DH, Chang Kim Y, Han JY, Kondeti S, Choi YE. High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of interspecific ginseng hybrid between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:38-48. [PMID: 30662292 PMCID: PMC6323240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific ginseng hybrid, Panax ginseng × Panax quenquifolius (Pgq) has vigorous growth and produces larger roots than its parents. However, F1 progenies are complete male sterile. Plant tissue culture technology can circumvent the issue and propagate the hybrid. METHODS Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis (SE). The embryos, after culturing on GA3 supplemented medium, were transferred to hormone free ½ Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium. The developed taproots with dormant buds were treated with GA3 to break the bud dormancy, and transferred to soil. Hybrid Pgq plants were verified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses and by LC-IT-TOF-MS. RESULTS We conducted a comparative study of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pgq and its parents, and attempted to establish the soil transfer of in vitro propagated Pgq tap roots. The Pgq explants showed higher rate of embryogenesis (~56% at 2 mg/L 2,4-D concentration) as well as higher number of embryos per explants (~7 at the same 2,4-D concentration) compared to its either parents. The germinated embryos, after culturing on GA3 supplemented medium, were transferred to hormone free ½ SH medium to support the continued growth and kept until nutrient depletion induced senescence (NuDIS) of leaf defoliation occurred (4 months). By that time, thickened tap roots with well-developed lateral roots and dormant buds were obtained. All Pgq tap roots pretreated with 20 mg/L GA3 for at least a week produced new shoots after soil transfer. We selected the discriminatory RAPD and ISSR markers to find the interspecific ginseng hybrid among its parents. The F1 hybrid (Pgq) contained species specific 2 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rf in P. ginseng and pseudoginsenosides F11 in P. quinquefolius), and higher amount of other ginsenosides than its parents. CONCLUSION Micropropagation of interspecific hybrid ginseng can give an opportunity for continuous production of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youn Kim
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Babu Adhikari
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Ahn
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramanyam Kondeti
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Choi
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yoshida T, Obata T, Feil R, Lunn JE, Fujita Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Fernie AR. The Role of Abscisic Acid Signaling in Maintaining the Metabolic Balance Required for Arabidopsis Growth under Nonstress Conditions. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:84-105. [PMID: 30606780 PMCID: PMC6391705 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that regulates a diverse range of cellular and molecular processes during development and in response to osmotic stress. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), three Suc nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s), SRK2D, SRK2E, and SRK2I, are key positive regulators involved in ABA signaling whose substrates have been well studied. Besides reduced drought-stress tolerance, the srk2d srk2e srk2i mutant shows abnormal growth phenotypes, such as an increased number of leaves, under nonstress conditions. However, it remains unclear whether, and if so how, SnRK2-mediated ABA signaling regulates growth and development. Here, we show that the primary metabolite profile of srk2d srk2e srk2i grown under nonstress conditions was considerably different from that of wild-type plants. The metabolic changes observed in the srk2d srk2e srk2i were similar to those in an ABA-biosynthesis mutant, aba2-1, and both mutants showed a higher leaf emergence rate than wild type. Consistent with the increased amounts of citrate, isotope-labeling experiments revealed that respiration through the tricarboxylic acid cycle was enhanced in srk2d srk2e srk2i These results, together with transcriptome data, indicate that the SnRK2s involved in ABA signaling modulate metabolism and leaf growth under nonstress conditions by fine-tuning flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E. Lunn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, 305-8686 Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kanwar MK, Yu J, Zhou J. Phytomelatonin: Recent advances and future prospects. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12526. [PMID: 30256447 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) has been revealed as a phylogenetically conserved molecule with a ubiquitous distribution from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to higher plants, including algae and fungi. Since MEL is implicated in numerous plant developmental processes and stress responses, the exploration of its functions in plant has become a rapidly progressing field with the new paradigm of involvement in plants growth and development. The pleiotropic involvement of MEL in regulating the transcripts of numerous genes confirms its vital involvement as a multi-regulatory molecule that architects many aspects of plant development. However, the cumulative research in plants is still preliminary and fragmentary in terms of its established functions compared to what is known about MEL physiology in animals. This supports the need for a comprehensive review that summarizes the new aspects pertaining to its functional role in photosynthesis, phytohormonal interactions under stress, cellular redox signaling, along with other regulatory roles in plant immunity, phytoremediation, and plant microbial interactions. The present review covers the latest advances on the mechanistic roles of phytomelatonin. While phytomelatonin is a sovereign plant growth regulator that can interact with the functions of other plant growth regulators or hormones, its qualifications as a complete phytohormone are still to be established. This review also showcases the yet to be identified potentials of phytomelatonin that will surely encourage the plant scientists to uncover new functional aspects of phytomelatonin in plant growth and development, subsequently improving its status as a potential new phytohormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marques A, Buijs G, Ligterink W, Hilhorst H. Evolutionary ecophysiology of seed desiccation sensitivity. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1083-1095. [PMID: 32290970 DOI: 10.1071/fp18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation sensitive (DS) seeds do not survive dry storage due to their lack of desiccation tolerance. Almost half of the plant species in tropical rainforests produce DS seeds and therefore the desiccation sensitivity of these seeds represents a problem for and long-term biodiversity conservation. This phenomenon raises questions as to how, where and why DS (desiccation sensitive)-seeded species appeared during evolution. These species evolved probably independently from desiccation tolerant (DT) seeded ancestors. They adapted to environments where the conditions are conducive to immediate germination after shedding, e.g. constant and abundant rainy seasons. These very predictable conditions offered a relaxed selection for desiccation tolerance that eventually got lost in DS seeds. These species are highly dependent on their environment to survive and they are seriously threatened by deforestation and climate change. Understanding of the ecology, evolution and molecular mechanisms associated with seed desiccation tolerance can shed light on the resilience of DS-seeded species and guide conservation efforts. In this review, we survey the available literature for ecological and physiological aspects of DS-seeded species and combine it with recent knowledge obtained from DT model species. This enables us to generate hypotheses concerning the evolution of DS-seeded species and their associated genetic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marques
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gonda Buijs
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hu Y, Zhou L, Huang M, He X, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Hou X. Gibberellins play an essential role in late embryogenesis of Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:289-298. [PMID: 29725104 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone gibberellin plays key roles in almost all aspects of plant development, but its detailed function and underlying regulatory mechanism in embryo development are not yet clearly defined. Here, we illustrate an essential role of gibberellin in late embryogenesis of Arabidopsis. Bioactive gibberellins are highly biosynthesized during the late developmental stage of embryos. At that time, deficiency in gibberellin biosynthesis or signalling results in an abnormal embryo phenotype characterized by less-developed cotyledons and shortened embryo axis. In contrast, gibberellin overdose leads to a significantly larger size of mature embryo. We reveal that the gibberellin signalling repressor DELLA interact with LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), the key regulator in late embryogenesis. Gibberellin triggers the degradation of DELLAs to relieve their repression of LEC1, thus promoting auxin accumulation to facilitate embryo development. Therefore, we uncover a space/time-specific role of gibberellin in regulating late embryogenesis through the gibberellin-DELLA-LEC1 signalling cascade, providing a novel mechanistic understanding of how phytohormones regulate embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hunter CT, Saunders JW, Magallanes-Lundback M, Christensen SA, Willett D, Stinard PS, Li QB, Lee K, DellaPenna D, Koch KE. Maize w3 disrupts homogentisate solanesyl transferase (ZmHst) and reveals a plastoquinone-9 independent path for phytoene desaturation and tocopherol accumulation in kernels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:799-813. [PMID: 29315977 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize white seedling 3 (w3) has been used to study carotenoid deficiency for almost 100 years, although the molecular basis of the mutation has remained unknown. Here we show that the w3 phenotype is caused by disruption of the maize gene for homogentisate solanesyl transferase (HST), which catalyzes the first and committed step in plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) biosynthesis in the plastid. The resulting PQ-9 deficiency prohibits photosynthetic electron transfer and eliminates PQ-9 as an oxidant in the enzymatic desaturation of phytoene during carotenoid synthesis. As a result, light-grown w3 seedlings are albino, deficient in colored carotenoids and accumulate high levels of phytoene. However, despite the absence of PQ-9 for phytoene desaturation, dark-grown w3 seedlings can produce abscisic acid (ABA) and homozygous w3 kernels accumulate sufficient carotenoids to generate ABA needed for seed maturation. The presence of ABA and low levels of carotenoids in w3 nulls indicates that phytoene desaturase is able to use an alternate oxidant cofactor, albeit less efficiently than PQ-9. The observation that tocopherols and tocotrienols are modestly affected in w3 embryos and unaffected in w3 endosperm indicates that, unlike leaves, grain tissues deficient in PQ-9 are not subject to severe photo-oxidative stress. In addition to identifying the molecular basis for the maize w3 mutant, we: (1) show that low levels of phytoene desaturation can occur in w3 seedlings in the absence of PQ-9; and (2) demonstrate that PQ-9 and carotenoids are not required for vitamin E accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Hunter
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jonathan W Saunders
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences, 2550 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maria Magallanes-Lundback
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Denis Willett
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Philip S Stinard
- USDA-ARS, Maize Genetics Stock Center, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qin-Bao Li
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- University of Connecticut, Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences, 2550 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Phytohormones, Isoprenoids, and Role of the Apicoplast in Recovery from Dihydroartemisinin-Induced Dormancy of Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01771-17. [PMID: 29311075 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01771-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms undergo dormancy as a stress response to survive under unfavorable conditions that might impede development. This is observed in seeds and buds of plants and has been proposed as a mechanism of drug evasion and resistance formation in Plasmodium falciparum We explored the effects of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) on dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-induced dormant erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum parasites. Dormant ring stages exposed to ABA and GA recovered from dormancy up to 48 h earlier than parasites exposed to DHA alone. Conversely, fluridone, an herbicide inhibitor of ABA synthesis, blocked emergence from dormancy. Additionally, the role of the apicoplast was assessed in dormant parasite recovery. Apicoplast-deficient P. falciparum remained viable for up to 8 days without the organelle and recrudesced only when supplemented with isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP was not required for survival in the dormant state. Fosmidomycin inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis did not prevent dormancy release from occurring in parasites with an intact apicoplast, but IPP or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate was needed for complete recrudescence. In addition, the apicoplast and specifically the isoprenoids it produces are essential for recovery of dormant parasites. In summary, ABA and GA have significant effects on dormant parasites, and the phenotypes produced by these phytohormones and the herbicide fluridone also provide a means to explore the mechanism(s) underlying dormancy and the regulatory network that promotes cell cycle arrest in P. falciparum.
Collapse
|
45
|
Nelissen H, Sun X, Rymen B, Jikumaru Y, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Abbeloos R, Demuynck K, Storme V, Vuylsteke M, De Block J, Herman D, Coppens F, Maere S, Kamiya Y, Sakakibara H, Beemster GT, Inzé D. The reduction in maize leaf growth under mild drought affects the transition between cell division and cell expansion and cannot be restored by elevated gibberellic acid levels. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:615-627. [PMID: 28730636 PMCID: PMC5787831 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Growth is characterized by the interplay between cell division and cell expansion, two processes that occur separated along the growth zone at the maize leaf. To gain further insight into the transition between cell division and cell expansion, conditions were investigated in which the position of this transition zone was positively or negatively affected. High levels of gibberellic acid (GA) in plants overexpressing the GA biosynthesis gene GA20-OXIDASE (GA20OX-1OE ) shifted the transition zone more distally, whereas mild drought, which is associated with lowered GA biosynthesis, resulted in a more basal positioning. However, the increased levels of GA in the GA20OX-1OE line were insufficient to convey tolerance to the mild drought treatment, indicating that another mechanism in addition to lowered GA levels is restricting growth during drought. Transcriptome analysis with high spatial resolution indicated that mild drought specifically induces a reprogramming of transcriptional regulation in the division zone. 'Leaf Growth Viewer' was developed as an online searchable tool containing the high-resolution data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Xiao‐Huan Sun
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Bart Rymen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- Growth Regulation Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Mikko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- Plant Productivity Systems Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Rafael Abbeloos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- Growth Regulation Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Gerrit T.S. Beemster
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
- Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tuan PA, Kumar R, Rehal PK, Toora PK, Ayele BT. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Abscisic Acid/Gibberellin Balance in the Control of Seed Dormancy and Germination in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:668. [PMID: 29875780 PMCID: PMC5974119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that does not allow the germination of an intact viable seed under favorable environmental conditions. Non-dormant seeds or seeds with low level of dormancy can germinate readily under optimal environmental conditions, and such a trait leads to preharvest sprouting, germination of seeds on the mother plant prior to harvest, which significantly reduces the yield and quality of cereal crops. High level of dormancy, on the other hand, may lead to non-uniform germination and seedling establishment. Therefore, intermediate dormancy is considered to be a desirable trait as it prevents the problems of sprouting and allows uniformity of postharvest germination of seeds. Induction, maintenance, and release of seed dormancy are complex physiological processes that are influenced by a wide range of endogenous and environmental factors. Plant hormones, mainly abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), are the major endogenous factors that act antagonistically in the control of seed dormancy and germination; ABA positively regulates the induction and maintenance of dormancy, while GA enhances germination. Significant progress has been made in recent years in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating ABA/GA balance and thereby dormancy and germination in cereal seeds, and this review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the topic.
Collapse
|
47
|
Begcy K, Sandhu J, Walia H. Transient Heat Stress During Early Seed Development Primes Germination and Seedling Establishment in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1768. [PMID: 30568666 PMCID: PMC6290647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield is highly sensitive to increased temperature. Given the trend of increasing global temperatures, this sensitivity to higher temperatures poses a challenge for achieving global food security. Early seed development in rice is highly sensitive to unfavorable environmental conditions. Heat stress (HS) during this stage decreases seed size and fertility, thus reducing yield. Here, we explore the transgenerational phenotypic consequences of HS during early seed development on seed viability, germination, and establishment. To elucidate the impact of HS on the developmental events in post-zygotic rice seeds, we imposed moderate (35°C) and severe (39°C) HS treatments initiated 1 day after fertilization and maintained for 24, 48, or 72 h. The transient HS treatments altered the initiation of endosperm (ED) cellularization, seed size and/or the duration of spikelet ripening. Notably, seeds exposed to 24 and 48 h moderate HS exhibited higher germination rate compared to seeds derived from plants grown under control or severe HS. A short-term HS resulted in altered expression of Gibberellin (GA) and ABA biosynthesis genes during early seed development, and GA and ABA levels and starch content at maturity. The increased germination rate after 24 of moderate HS could be due to altered ABA sensitivity and/or increased starch level. Our findings on the impact of transient HS on hormone homeostasis provide an experimental framework to elucidate the underlying molecular and metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
48
|
Liao Y, Bai Q, Xu P, Wu T, Guo D, Peng Y, Zhang H, Deng X, Chen X, Luo M, Ali A, Wang W, Wu X. Mutation in Rice Abscisic Acid2 Results in Cell Death, Enhanced Disease-Resistance, Altered Seed Dormancy and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 29643863 PMCID: PMC5882781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants display spontaneous cell death, and thus are valuable for understanding the molecular mechanism of cell death and disease resistance. Although a lot of such mutants have been characterized in rice, the relationship between lesion formation and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis pathway is not reported. In the present study, we identified a rice mutant, lesion mimic mutant 9150 (lmm9150), exhibiting spontaneous cell death, pre-harvest sprouting, enhanced growth, and resistance to rice bacterial and blast diseases. Cell death in the mutant was accompanied with excessive accumulation of H2O2. Enhanced disease resistance was associated with cell death and upregulation of defense-related genes. Map-based cloning identified a G-to-A point mutation resulting in a D-to-N substitution at the amino acid position 110 of OsABA2 (LOC_Os03g59610) in lmm9150. Knock-out of OsABA2 through CRISPR/Cas9 led to phenotypes similar to those of lmm9150. Consistent with the function of OsABA2 in ABA biosynthesis, ABA level in the lmm9150 mutant was significantly reduced. Moreover, exogenous application of ABA could rescue all the mutant phenotypes of lmm9150. Taken together, our data linked ABA deficiency to cell death and provided insight into the role of ABA in rice disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Que Bai
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Peizhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingkai Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiming Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongbin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Asif Ali
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenming Wang, Xianjun Wu,
| | - Xianjun Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenming Wang, Xianjun Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bao YZ, Yao ZQ, Cao XL, Peng JF, Xu Y, Chen MX, Zhao SF. Transcriptome analysis of Phelipanche aegyptiaca seed germination mechanisms stimulated by fluridone, TIS108, and GR24. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187539. [PMID: 29099877 PMCID: PMC5669479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
P. aegyptiaca is one of the most destructive root parasitic plants worldwide, causing serious damage to many crop species. Under natural conditions P. aegyptiaca seeds must be conditioned and then stimulated by host root exudates before germinating. However, preliminary experiments indicated that TIS108 (a triazole-type inhibitor of strigolactone) and fluridone (FL, an inhibitor of carotenoid-biosynthesis) both stimulated the germination of P. aegyptiaca seeds without a water preconditioning step (i.e. unconditioned seeds). The objective of this study was to use deep RNA sequencing to learn more about the mechanisms by which TIS108 and FL stimulate the germination of unconditioned P. aegyptiaca seeds. Deep RNA sequencing was performed to compare the mechanisms of germination in the following treatments: (i) unconditioned P. aegyptiaca seeds with no other treatment, (ii) unconditioned seeds treated with 100 mg/L TIS108, (iii) unconditioned seeds treated with 100 mg/L FL + 100 mg/L GA3, (iv) conditioned seeds treated with sterile water, and (v) conditioned seeds treated with 0.03 mg/L GR24. The de novo assembled transcriptome was used to analyze transcriptional dynamics during seed germination. The key gene categories involved in germination were also identified. The results showed that only 119 differentially expressed genes were identified in the conditioned treatment vs TIS108 treatment. This indicated that the vast majority of conditions for germination were met during the conditioning stage. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) played important roles during P. aegyptiaca germination. The common pathway of TIS108, FL+GA3, and GR24 in stimulating P. aegyptiaca germination was the simultaneous reduction in ABA concentrations and increase GA concentrations. These results could potentially aid the identification of more compounds that are capable of stimulating P. aegyptiaca germination. Some potential target sites of TIS108 were also identified in our transcriptome data. The results of this experiment suggest that TIS108 and FL+GA3 could be used to control P. aegyptiaca through suicidal germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhou Bao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhao Qun Yao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiao Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jin Feng Peng
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mei Xiu Chen
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Si Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sun J, Wang P, Zhou T, Rong J, Jia H, Liu Z. Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Shell Removal and Exogenous Gibberellin on Germination of Zanthoxylum Seeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8521. [PMID: 28819199 PMCID: PMC5561108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The zanthoxylum seeds are oil-rich and have a very thick, dense and oily shell. In the natural conditions the seeds have a very low germination rate. Prior to treatment with GAs to promote germination, the seeds were usually soaked in sulfuric acid to remove shells easily. A high-throughput sequencing of mRNAs was performed to investigate the effects of the above treatments on the germination of zanthoxylum seeds. Seven libraries were assembled into 100,982 unigenes and 59,509 unigenes were annotated. We focused on the expression profiles of the key genes related to the oil metabolisms and hormone regulations during seed germination. Our data indicated the endogenous ABA of seeds was rich. The effects that the exogenous GAs promoted germination were apparent in the secong day of germination. Especially, for the first time our results indicated the exogenous GAs lowered the aerobic metabolism including the oil metabolisms during imbibition. We inferred that the exogenous GAs had inhibitory effects on the oil metabolisms to avoide oxidative damages to the imbibed seeds, and the seed shell played the role similiar to the exogenous GAs in the initial stage of germination in the natural conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Rong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM88130, USA
| |
Collapse
|