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Osinuga A, Solis AG, Cahoon RE, Al-Siyabi A, Cahoon EB, Saha R. Quantitative Dynamic Analysis of de novo Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570827. [PMID: 38105963 PMCID: PMC10723408 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are pivotal for plant development and stress responses. Growing interest has been directed towards fully comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of the sphingolipid pathway. We explore its de novo biosynthesis and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures, shedding light on fundamental metabolic mechanisms. Employing 15N isotope labeling and quantitative dynamic modeling approach, we developed a regularized and constraint-based Dynamic Metabolic Flux Analysis (r-DMFA) framework to predict metabolic shifts due to enzymatic changes. Our analysis revealed key enzymes such as sphingoid-base hydroxylase (SBH) and long-chain-base kinase (LCBK) to be critical for maintaining sphingolipid homeostasis. Disruptions in these enzymes were found to affect cellular viability and increase the potential for programmed cell death (PCD). Thus, this work enhances our understanding of sphingolipid metabolism and demonstrates the utility of dynamic modeling in analyzing complex metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Osinuga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ariadna Gonzalez Solis
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Adil Al-Siyabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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2
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Groux R, Fouillen L, Mongrand S, Reymond P. Sphingolipids are involved in insect egg-induced cell death in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2535-2553. [PMID: 35608326 PMCID: PMC9342989 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In Brassicaceae, hypersensitive-like programmed cell death (HR-like) is a central component of direct defenses triggered against eggs of the large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae). The signaling pathway leading to HR-like in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is mainly dependent on salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, but downstream components are unclear. Here, we found that treatment with P. brassicae egg extract (EE) triggered changes in expression of sphingolipid metabolism genes in Arabidopsis and black mustard (Brassica nigra). Disruption of ceramide (Cer) synthase activity led to a significant decrease of EE-induced HR-like whereas SA signaling and reactive oxygen species levels were unchanged, suggesting that Cer are downstream activators of HR-like. Sphingolipid quantifications showed that Cer with C16:0 side chains accumulated in both plant species and this response was largely unchanged in the SA-induction deficient2 (sid2-1) mutant. Finally, we provide genetic evidence that the modification of fatty acyl chains of sphingolipids modulates HR-like. Altogether, these results show that sphingolipids play a key and specific role during insect egg-triggered HR-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Groux
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, CNRS, UMR 5200, University of Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, CNRS, UMR 5200, University of Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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3
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Lambour B, Glenz R, Forner C, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Fekete A, Waller F. Sphingolipid Long-Chain Base Phosphate Degradation Can Be a Rate-Limiting Step in Long-Chain Base Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911073. [PMID: 35783987 PMCID: PMC9240600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) are building blocks for membrane-localized sphingolipids, and are involved in signal transduction pathways in plants. Elevated LCB levels are associated with the induction of programmed cell death and pathogen-derived toxin-induced cell death. Therefore, levels of free LCBs can determine survival of plant cells. To elucidate the contribution of metabolic pathways regulating high LCB levels, we applied the deuterium-labeled LCB D-erythro-sphinganine-d7 (D7-d18:0), the first LCB in sphingolipid biosynthesis, to Arabidopsis leaves and quantified labeled LCBs, LCB phosphates (LCB-Ps), and 14 abundant ceramide (Cer) species over time. We show that LCB D7-d18:0 is rapidly converted into the LCBs d18:0P, t18:0, and t18:0P. Deuterium-labeled ceramides were less abundant, but increased over time, with the highest levels detected for Cer(d18:0/16:0), Cer(d18:0/24:0), Cer(t18:0/16:0), and Cer(t18:0/22:0). A more than 50-fold increase of LCB-P levels after leaf incubation in LCB D7-d18:0 indicated that degradation of LCBs via LCB-Ps is important, and we hypothesized that LCB-P degradation could be a rate-limiting step to reduce high levels of LCBs. To functionally test this hypothesis, we constructed a transgenic line with dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (DPL1) under control of an inducible promotor. Higher expression of DPL1 significantly reduced elevated LCB-P and LCB levels induced by Fumonisin B1, and rendered plants more resistant against this fungal toxin. Taken together, we provide quantitative data on the contribution of major enzymatic pathways to reduce high LCB levels, which can trigger cell death. Specifically, we provide functional evidence that DPL1 can be a rate-limiting step in regulating high LCB levels.
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The major plant sphingolipid long chain base phytosphingosine inhibits growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1081. [PMID: 35058538 PMCID: PMC8776846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs) are building blocks of sphingolipids and can serve as signalling molecules, but also have antimicrobial activity and were effective in reducing growth of a range of human pathogens. In plants, LCBs are linked to cell death processes and the regulation of defence reactions against pathogens, but their role in directly influencing growth of plant-interacting microorganisms has received little attention. Therefore, we tested the major plant LCB phytosphingosine in in vitro tests with the plant pathogenic fungi Verticillium longisporum, Fusarium graminearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the plant symbiotic fungal endophyte Serendipita indica, the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the related beneficial strain Rhizobium radiobacter. Phytosphingosine inhibited growth of these organisms at micromolar concentrations. Among the fungal pathogens, S. sclerotiorum was the most, and F. graminearum was the least sensitive. 15.9 μg/mL phytosphingosine effectively killed 95% of the three bacterial species. Plant disease symptoms and growth of Pst were also inhibited by phytosphingosine when co-infiltrated into Arabidopsis leaves, with no visible negative effect on host tissue. Taken together, we demonstrate that the plant LCB phytosphingosine inhibits growth of plant-interacting microorganisms. We discuss the potential of elevated LCB levels to enhance plant pathogen resistance.
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Zeng HY, Bao HN, Chen YL, Chen DK, Zhang K, Liu SK, Yang L, Li YK, Yao N. The Two Classes of Ceramide Synthases Play Different Roles in Plant Immunity and Cell Death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824585. [PMID: 35463421 PMCID: PMC9021646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CSs) produce ceramides from long-chain bases (LCBs). However, how CSs regulate immunity and cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana remains unclear. Here, we decipher the roles of two classes of CS, CSI (LAG1 HOMOLOG 2, LOH2) and CSII (LOH1/3), in these processes. The loh1-2 and loh1-1 loh3-1 mutants were resistant to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola (Psm) DG3 and exhibited programmed cell death (PCD), along with increased LCBs and ceramides, at later stages. In loh1-2, the Psm resistance, PCD, and sphingolipid accumulation were mostly suppressed by inactivation of the lipase-like proteins ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4), and partly suppressed by loss of SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2). The LOH1 inhibitor fumonisin B1 (FB1) triggered EDS1/PAD4-independent LCB accumulation, and EDS1/PAD4-dependent cell death, resistance to Psm, and C16 Cer accumulation. Loss of LOH2 enhances FB1-, and sphinganine-induced PCD, indicating that CSI negatively regulates the signaling triggered by CSII inhibition. Like Cer, LCBs mediate cell death and immunity signaling, partly through the EDS1/PAD4 pathway. Our results show that the two classes of ceramide synthases differentially regulate EDS1/PAD4-dependent PCD and immunity via subtle control of LCBs and Cers in Arabidopsis.
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Wu D, Saleem M, He T, He G. The Mechanism of Metal Homeostasis in Plants: A New View on the Synergistic Regulation Pathway of Membrane Proteins, Lipids and Metal Ions. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120984. [PMID: 34940485 PMCID: PMC8706360 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress (HMS) is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses which seriously affects the growth and development of plants. Recent studies have shown significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to HMS. In general, three core signals are involved in plants' responses to HMS; these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calcium, and hormonal (abscisic acid) signals. In addition to these signal components, other regulatory factors, such as microRNAs and membrane proteins, also play an important role in regulating HMS responses in plants. Membrane proteins interact with the highly complex and heterogeneous lipids in the plant cell environment. The function of membrane proteins is affected by the interactions between lipids and lipid-membrane proteins. Our review findings also indicate the possibility of membrane protein-lipid-metal ion interactions in regulating metal homeostasis in plant cells. In this review, we investigated the role of membrane proteins with specific substrate recognition in regulating cell metal homeostasis. The understanding of the possible interaction networks and upstream and downstream pathways is developed. In addition, possible interactions between membrane proteins, metal ions, and lipids are discussed to provide new ideas for studying metal homeostasis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Wu
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Tengbing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Institute of New Rural Development, West Campus, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Guandi He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (G.H.)
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Huang LQ, Chen DK, Li PP, Bao HN, Liu HZ, Yin J, Zeng HY, Yang YB, Li YK, Xiao S, Yao N. Jasmonates modulate sphingolipid metabolism and accelerate cell death in the ceramide kinase mutant acd5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1713-1727. [PMID: 34618068 PMCID: PMC8566286 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components of the lipid bilayer that acts as signaling molecules in many cellular processes, including cell death. Ceramides, key intermediates in sphingolipid metabolism, are phosphorylated by the ceramide kinase ACCELERATED CELL DEATH5 (ACD5). The loss of ACD5 function leads to ceramide accumulation and spontaneous cell death. Here, we report that the jasmonate (JA) pathway is activated in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) acd5 mutant and that methyl JA treatment accelerates ceramide accumulation and cell death in acd5. Moreover, the double mutants of acd5 with jasmonate resistant1-1 and coronatine insensitive1-2 exhibited delayed cell death, suggesting that the JA pathway is involved in acd5-mediated cell death. Quantitative sphingolipid profiling of plants treated with methyl JA indicated that JAs influence sphingolipid metabolism by increasing the levels of ceramides and hydroxyceramides, but this pathway is dramatically attenuated by mutations affecting JA pathway proteins. Furthermore, we showed that JAs regulate the expression of genes encoding enzymes in ceramide metabolism. Together, our findings show that JAs accelerate cell death in acd5 mutants, possibly by modulating sphingolipid metabolism and increasing ceramide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - He-Nan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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Extension of Solanaceae Food Crops Shelf Life by the Use of Elicitors and Sustainable Practices During Postharvest Phase. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Seo SY, Kim YJ, Kim J, Nam MH, Park KY. Phytosphingosine induces systemic acquired resistance through activation of sphingosine kinase. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e351. [PMID: 34622122 PMCID: PMC8483070 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytosphingosine (PHS) is a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid molecule. Intermediates such as sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) in sphingolipid biosynthesis have been shown to have important roles as signaling molecules. PHS treatment caused rapid cell damage and upregulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene in tobacco plants. These events were followed by the induction of sphingosine kinase (SphK) in a biphasic manner, which metabolized PHS to phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (PHS-1-P). On the other hand, a PHS treatment with a virulent pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn), alleviated the pathogen-induced cell damage and reduced the growth of Ppn. A Ppn infection increased the PHS and PHS-1-P levels significantly in the upper part of the leaves at the infection site at the later stage. In addition, Ppn increased the transcription levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (LCB1 and LCB2) for sphingolipid biosynthesis at the later stage, which was enhanced further by PHS. Moreover, the PHS treatment increased the transcription and activity of SphK, which was accompanied by prominent increases in the transcription levels of ROS-detoxifying enzymes and PR proteins in the later phase of the pathogen infection. Overall, the PHS-induced resistant effects were prominent during the necrotic stage of this hemibiotrophic infection, indicating that it is more beneficial for inhibiting the pathogenicity on necrotic cell death. Phosphorylated LCBs reduced the pathogen-induced cell damage significantly in this stage. These results suggest that the selective channeling of sphingolipids into phosphorylated forms has a pro-survival effect on plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Seo
- Department of Biology Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Biology Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ky Young Park
- Department of Biology Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
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Deshmukh R, Tiwari S. Molecular interaction of charcoal rot pathogenesis in soybean: a complex interaction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1799-1812. [PMID: 34232377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charcoal rot (CR) is a major disease of soybean, which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp). Increasing temperatures and low rainfall in recent years have immensely benefitted the pathogen. Hence, the search for genetically acquired resistance to this pathogen is essential. The pathogen is a hemibiotroph, which germinates on the root surface and colonizes epidermal tissue. Several surface receptors initiate pathogenesis, followed by the secretion of various enzymes that provide entry to host tissue. Several enzymes and other converging cascades in the pathogen participate against host defensive responses. β-glucan of the fungal cell wall is recognized as MAMPs (microbe-associated molecular patterns) in plants, which trigger host immune responses. Kinase receptors, resistance, and pathogenesis-related genes correspond to host defense response. They work in conjunction with hormone-mediated defense pathway especially, the systemic acquired resistance, calcium-signaling, and production of phytoalexins. Due to its quantitative nature, limited QTLs have been identified in soybean for CR resistance. The present review attempts to provide a functional link between M. phaseolina pathogenicity and soybean responses. Elucidation of CR resistance responses would facilitate improved designing of breeding programs, and may help in the selection of corresponding genes to introgress CR resistant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Deshmukh
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
| | - Sharad Tiwari
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India
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Schellenberger R, Crouzet J, Nickzad A, Shu LJ, Kutschera A, Gerster T, Borie N, Dawid C, Cloutier M, Villaume S, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Hubert J, Cordelier S, Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre F, Schmid C, Ongena M, Renault JH, Haudrechy A, Hofmann T, Baillieul F, Clément C, Zipfel C, Gauthier C, Déziel E, Ranf S, Dorey S. Bacterial rhamnolipids and their 3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors activate Arabidopsis innate immunity through two independent mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101366118. [PMID: 34561304 PMCID: PMC8488661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101366118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant innate immunity is activated upon perception of invasion pattern molecules by plant cell-surface immune receptors. Several bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia produce rhamnolipids (RLs) from l-rhamnose and (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors (HAAs). RL and HAA secretion is required to modulate bacterial surface motility, biofilm development, and thus successful colonization of hosts. Here, we show that the lipidic secretome from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mainly comprising RLs and HAAs, stimulates Arabidopsis immunity. We demonstrate that HAAs are sensed by the bulb-type lectin receptor kinase LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION/S-DOMAIN-1-29 (LORE/SD1-29), which also mediates medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid (mc-3-OH-FA) perception, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana HAA sensing induces canonical immune signaling and local resistance to plant pathogenic Pseudomonas infection. By contrast, RLs trigger an atypical immune response and resistance to Pseudomonas infection independent of LORE. Thus, the glycosyl moieties of RLs, although abolishing sensing by LORE, do not impair their ability to trigger plant defense. Moreover, our results show that the immune response triggered by RLs is affected by the sphingolipid composition of the plasma membrane. In conclusion, RLs and their precursors released by bacteria can both be perceived by plants but through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schellenberger
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Arvin Nickzad
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Alexander Kutschera
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Tim Gerster
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Nicolas Borie
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Maude Cloutier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jane Hubert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Christian Schmid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Haudrechy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada;
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany;
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France;
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12
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Liu NJ, Hou LP, Bao JJ, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Sphingolipid metabolism, transport, and functions in plants: Recent progress and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100214. [PMID: 34746760 PMCID: PMC8553973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which comprise membrane systems together with other lipids, are ubiquitous in cellular organisms. They show a high degree of diversity across plant species and vary in their structures, properties, and functions. Benefiting from the development of lipidomic techniques, over 300 plant sphingolipids have been identified. Generally divided into free long-chain bases (LCBs), ceramides, glycosylceramides (GlcCers) and glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (GIPCs), plant sphingolipids exhibit organized aggregation within lipid membranes to form raft domains with sterols. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sphingolipids obey certain trafficking and distribution rules and confer unique properties to membranes. Functional studies using sphingolipid biosynthetic mutants demonstrate that sphingolipids participate in plant developmental regulation, stimulus sensing, and stress responses. Here, we present an updated metabolism/degradation map and summarize the structures of plant sphingolipids, review recent progress in understanding the functions of sphingolipids in plant development and stress responses, and review sphingolipid distribution and trafficking in plant cells. We also highlight some important challenges and issues that we may face during the process of studying sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Li-Pan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Profiling of Plant Sphingolipids from Typical and Aberrant Metabolism. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34047977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has increasingly been used as a tool to complement studies of sphingolipid metabolism and biological functions in plants and other eukaryotes. Mass spectrometry is now essential for comprehensive sphingolipid analytical profiling because of the huge diversity of sphingolipid classes and molecular species in eukaryotes, particularly in plants. This structural diversity arises from large differences in polar head group glycosylation as well as carbon-chain lengths of fatty acids and desaturation and hydroxylation patterns of fatty acids and long-chain bases that together comprise the ceramide hydrophobic backbone of glycosphingolipids. The standard methods for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf sphingolipids profile >200 molecular species of four sphingolipid classes and free long-chain bases and their phosphorylated forms. While these methods have proven valuable for A. thaliana based sphingolipid research, we have recently adapted them for use with ultraperformance liquid chromatography separations of molecular species and to profile aberrant sphingolipid forms in pollen, transgenic lines, and mutants. This chapter provides updates to standard methods for LC-MS profiling of A. thaliana sphingolipids to expand the utility of mass spectrometry for plant sphingolipid research.
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14
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Cavaco AR, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Speaking the language of lipids: the cross-talk between plants and pathogens in defence and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4399-4415. [PMID: 33638652 PMCID: PMC11073031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and fatty acids play crucial roles in plant immunity, which have been highlighted over the past few decades. An increasing number of studies have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the interactions between plants and their diverse pathogens. The roles played by plant lipids fit in a wide spectrum ranging from the first physical barrier encountered by the pathogens, the cuticle, to the signalling pathways that trigger different immune responses and expression of defence-related genes, mediated by several lipid molecules. Moreover, lipids have been arising as candidate biomarkers of resistance or susceptibility to different pathogens. Studies on the apoplast and extracellular vesicles have been highlighting the possible role of lipids in the intercellular communication and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance during plant-pathogen interactions. From the pathogen perspective, lipid metabolism and specific lipid molecules play pivotal roles in the pathogen's life cycle completion, being crucial during recognition by the plant and evasion from the host immune system, therefore potentiating infection. Studies conducted in the last years have contributed to a better understanding of the language of lipids during the cross-talk between plants and pathogens. However, it is essential to continue exploring the knowledge brought up to light by transcriptomics and proteomics studies towards the elucidation of lipid signalling processes during defence and disease. In this review, we present an updated overview on lipids associated to plant-pathogen interactions, exploiting their roles from the two sides of this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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15
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Jing B, Ishikawa T, Soltis N, Inada N, Liang Y, Murawska G, Fang L, Andeberhan F, Pidatala R, Yu X, Baidoo E, Kawai‐Yamada M, Loque D, Kliebenstein DJ, Dupree P, Mortimer JC. The Arabidopsis thaliana nucleotide sugar transporter GONST2 is a functional homolog of GONST1. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00309. [PMID: 33763627 PMCID: PMC7980081 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylinositolphosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are the predominant lipid in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Characterized GIPC glycosylation mutants have severe or lethal plant phenotypes. However, the function of the glycosylation is unclear. Previously, we characterized Arabidopsis thaliana GONST1 and showed that it was a nucleotide sugar transporter which provides GDP-mannose for GIPC glycosylation. gonst1 has a severe growth phenotype, as well as a constitutive defense response. Here, we characterize a mutant in GONST1's closest homolog, GONST2. The gonst2-1 allele has a minor change to GIPC headgroup glycosylation. Like other reported GIPC glycosylation mutants, gonst1-1gonst2-1 has reduced cellulose, a cell wall polymer that is synthesized at the plasma membrane. The gonst2-1 allele has increased resistance to a biotrophic pathogen Golovinomyces orontii but not the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Expression of GONST2 under the GONST1 promoter can rescue the gonst1 phenotype, indicating that GONST2 has a similar function to GONST1 in providing GDP-D-Man for GIPC mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Jing
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversityJapan
| | | | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Biological SciencesNAISTNaraJapan
- Present address:
Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yan Liang
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Gosia Murawska
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- Present address:
Chemistry DepartmentBaselSwitzerland
| | - Lin Fang
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- Present address:
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Fekadu Andeberhan
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Ramana Pidatala
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edward Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Dominique Loque
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Paul Dupree
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jenny C. Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
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16
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Alsiyabi A, Solis AG, Cahoon EB, Saha R. Dissecting the regulatory roles of ORM proteins in the sphingolipid pathway of plants. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008284. [PMID: 33507896 PMCID: PMC7872301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a vital component of plant cellular endomembranes and carry out multiple functional and regulatory roles. Different sphingolipid species confer rigidity to the membrane structure, facilitate trafficking of secretory proteins, and initiate programmed cell death. Although the regulation of the sphingolipid pathway is yet to be uncovered, increasing evidence has pointed to orosomucoid proteins (ORMs) playing a major regulatory role and potentially interacting with a number of components in the pathway, including both enzymes and sphingolipids. However, experimental exploration of new regulatory interactions is time consuming and often infeasible. In this work, a computational approach was taken to address this challenge. A metabolic network of the sphingolipid pathway in plants was reconstructed. The steady-state rates of reactions in the network were then determined through measurements of growth and cellular composition of the different sphingolipids in Arabidopsis seedlings. The Ensemble modeling framework was modified to accurately account for activation mechanisms and subsequently used to generate sets of kinetic parameters that converge to the measured steady-state fluxes in a thermodynamically consistent manner. In addition, the framework was appended with an additional module to automate screening the parameters and to output models consistent with previously reported network responses to different perturbations. By analyzing the network's response in the presence of different combinations of regulatory mechanisms, the model captured the experimentally observed repressive effect of ORMs on serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Furthermore, predictions point to a second regulatory role of ORM proteins, namely as an activator of class II (or LOH1 and LOH3) ceramide synthases. This activating role was found to be modulated by the concentration of free ceramides, where an accumulation of these sphingolipid species dampened the activating effect of ORMs on ceramide synthase. The predictions pave the way for future guided experiments and have implications in engineering crops with higher biotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Alsiyabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ariadna Gonzalez Solis
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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17
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Chen J, Li Z, Cheng Y, Gao C, Guo L, Wang T, Xu J. Sphinganine-Analog Mycotoxins (SAMs): Chemical Structures, Bioactivities, and Genetic Controls. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E312. [PMID: 33255427 PMCID: PMC7711896 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphinganine-analog mycotoxins (SAMs) including fumonisins and A. alternata f. sp. Lycopersici (AAL) toxins are a group of related mycotoxins produced by plant pathogenic fungi in the Fusarium genus and in Alternaria alternata f. sp. Lycopersici, respectively. SAMs have shown diverse cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity, causing adverse impacts on plants, animals, and humans, and are a destructive force to crop production worldwide. This review summarizes the structural diversity of SAMs and encapsulates the relationships between their structures and biological activities. The toxicity of SAMs on plants and animals is mainly attributed to their inhibitory activity against the ceramide biosynthesis enzyme, influencing the sphingolipid metabolism and causing programmed cell death. We also reviewed the detoxification methods against SAMs and how plants develop resistance to SAMs. Genetic and evolutionary analyses revealed that the FUM (fumonisins biosynthetic) gene cluster was responsible for fumonisin biosynthesis in Fusarium spp. Sequence comparisons among species within the genus Fusarium suggested that mutations and multiple horizontal gene transfers involving the FUM gene cluster were responsible for the interspecific difference in fumonisin synthesis. We finish by describing methods for monitoring and quantifying SAMs in food and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Yi Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Litao Guo
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Tuhong Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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18
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Barbacci A, Navaud O, Mbengue M, Barascud M, Godiard L, Khafif M, Lacaze A, Raffaele S. Rapid identification of an Arabidopsis NLR gene as a candidate conferring susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using time-resolved automated phenotyping. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:903-917. [PMID: 32170798 PMCID: PMC7497225 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The broad host range necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen of many oil and vegetable crops. Plant genes conferring complete resistance against S. sclerotiorum have not been reported. Instead, plant populations challenged by S. sclerotiorum exhibit a continuum of partial resistance designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Because of their complex interplay and their small phenotypic effect, the functional characterization of QDR genes remains limited. How broad host range necrotrophic fungi manipulate plant programmed cell death is for instance largely unknown. Here, we designed a time-resolved automated disease phenotyping pipeline enabling high-throughput disease lesion measurement with high resolution, low footprint at low cost. We could accurately recover contrasted disease responses in several pathosystems using this system. We used our phenotyping pipeline to assess the kinetics of disease symptoms caused by seven S. sclerotiorum isolates on six A. thaliana natural accessions with unprecedented resolution. Large effect polymorphisms common to the most resistant A. thaliana accessions identified highly divergent alleles of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat gene LAZ5 in the resistant accessions Rubezhnoe and Lip-0. We show that impaired LAZ5 expression in laz5.1 mutant lines and in A. thaliana Rub natural accession correlate with enhanced QDR to S. sclerotiorum. These findings illustrate the value of time-resolved image-based phenotyping for unravelling the genetic bases of complex traits such as QDR. Our results suggest that S. sclerotiorum manipulates plant sphingolipid pathways guarded by LAZ5 to trigger programmed cell death and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelin Barbacci
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Olivier Navaud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Marielle Barascud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Laurence Godiard
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Mehdi Khafif
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Aline Lacaze
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
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19
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Zavafer A, González-Solís A, Palacios-Bahena S, Saucedo-García M, Tapia de Aquino C, Vázquez-Santana S, King-Díaz B, Gavilanes-Ruiz M. Organized Disassembly of Photosynthesis During Programmed Cell Death Mediated By Long Chain Bases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10360. [PMID: 32587330 PMCID: PMC7316715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, pathogen triggered programmed cell death (PCD) is frequently mediated by polar lipid molecules referred as long chain bases (LCBs) or ceramides. PCD interceded by LCBs is a well-organized process where several cell organelles play important roles. In fact, light-dependent reactions in the chloroplast have been proposed as major players during PCD, however, the functional aspects of the chloroplast during PCD are largely unknown. For this reason, we investigated events that lead to disassembly of the chloroplast during PCD mediated by LCBs. To do so, LCB elevation was induced with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (a non-host pathogen) or Fumonisin B1 in Phaseolus vulgaris. Then, we performed biochemical tests to detect PCD triggering events (phytosphingosine rises, MPK activation and H2O2 generation) followed by chloroplast structural and functional tests. Observations of the chloroplast, via optical phenotyping methods combined with microscopy, indicated that the loss of photosynthetic linear electron transport coincides with the organized ultrastructure disassembly. In addition, structural changes occurred in parallel with accumulation of H2O2 inside the chloroplast. These features revealed the collapse of chloroplast integrity and function as a mechanism leading to the irreversible execution of the PCD promoted by LCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Zavafer
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science Building 4, Level 6 Corner of Thomas and, Harris St, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ariadna González-Solís
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvia Palacios-Bahena
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Saucedo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Cinthya Tapia de Aquino
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Santana
- Dpto. de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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20
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Huby E, Napier JA, Baillieul F, Michaelson LV, Dhondt‐Cordelier S. Sphingolipids: towards an integrated view of metabolism during the plant stress response. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:659-670. [PMID: 31211869 PMCID: PMC6973233 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exist in an environment of changing abiotic and biotic stresses. They have developed a complex set of strategies to respond to these stresses and over recent years it has become clear that sphingolipids are a key player in these responses. Sphingolipids are not universally present in all three domains of life. Many bacteria and archaea do not produce sphingolipids but they are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and have been intensively studied in yeast and mammals. During the last decade there has been a steadily increasing interest in plant sphingolipids. Plant sphingolipids exhibit structural differences when compared with their mammalian counterparts and it is now clear that they perform some unique functions. Sphingolipids are recognised as critical components of the plant plasma membrane and endomembrane system. Besides being important structural elements of plant membranes, their particular structure contributes to the fluidity and biophysical order. Sphingolipids are also involved in multiple cellular and regulatory processes including vesicle trafficking, plant development and defence. This review will focus on our current knowledge as to the function of sphingolipids during plant stress responses, not only as structural components of biological membranes, but also as signalling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Huby
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneBP 1039F‐51687Reims Cedex 2France
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux InterfacesGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversité de Liège2 Passage des DéportésB‐5030GemblouxBelgique
| | | | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneBP 1039F‐51687Reims Cedex 2France
| | | | - Sandrine Dhondt‐Cordelier
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneBP 1039F‐51687Reims Cedex 2France
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21
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Unravelling the Metabolic Reconfiguration of the Post-Challenge Primed State in Sorghum bicolor Responding to Colletotrichum sublineolum Infection. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100194. [PMID: 31547091 PMCID: PMC6835684 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming is a natural phenomenon that pre-conditions plants for enhanced defence against a wide range of pathogens. It represents a complementary strategy, or sustainable alternative that can provide protection against disease. However, a comprehensive functional and mechanistic understanding of the various layers of priming events is still limited. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate metabolic changes in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-primed Sorghum bicolor seedlings infected with the anthracnose-causing fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum sublineolum, with a focus on the post-challenge primed state phase. At the 4-leaf growth stage, the plants were treated with a strain of Paenibacillus alvei at 108 cfu mL−1. Following a 24 h PGPR application, the plants were inoculated with a C. sublineolum spore suspension (106 spores mL−1), and the infection monitored over time: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post-inoculation. Non-infected plants served as negative controls. Intracellular metabolites from both inoculated and non-inoculated plants were extracted with 80% methanol-water. The extracts were chromatographically and spectrometrically analysed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to high-definition mass spectrometry. The acquired multidimensional data were processed to create data matrices for chemometric modelling. The computed models indicated time-related metabolic perturbations that reflect primed responses to the fungal infection. Evaluation of orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) loading shared and unique structures (SUS)-plots uncovered the differential stronger defence responses against the fungal infection observed in primed plants. These involved enhanced levels of amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan), phytohormones (jasmonic acid and salicylic acid conjugates, and zeatin), and defence-related components of the lipidome. Furthermore, other defence responses in both naïve and primed plants were characterised by a complex mobilisation of phenolic compounds and de novo biosynthesis of the flavones, apigenin and luteolin and the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins, apigeninidin and luteolinidin, as well as some related conjugates.
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Biofilm-Constructing Variants of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Outcompete the Wild-Type Form in Free-Living and Static Conditions but Not In Planta. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02670-18. [PMID: 30902863 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02670-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Burkholderia colonize diverse ecological niches. Among the plant-associated strains, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is an endophyte with a broad host range. In a spatially structured environment (unshaken broth cultures), biofilm-constructing specialists of P. phytofirmans PsJN colonizing the air-liquid interface arose at high frequency. In addition to forming a robust biofilm in vitro and in planta on Arabidopsis roots, those mucoid phenotypic variants display a reduced swimming ability and modulate the expression of several microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), including exopolysaccharides (EPS), flagellin, and GroEL. Interestingly, the variants induce low PR1 and PDF1.2 expression compared to that of the parental strain, suggesting a possible evasion of plant host immunity. We further demonstrated that switching from the planktonic to the sessile form did not involve quorum-sensing genes but arose from spontaneous mutations in two genes belonging to an iron-sulfur cluster: hscA (encoding a cochaperone protein) and iscS (encoding a cysteine desulfurase). A mutational approach validated the implication of these two genes in the appearance of variants. We showed for the first time that in a heterogeneous environment, P. phytofirmans strain PsJN is able to rapidly diversify and coexpress a variant that outcompete the wild-type form in free-living and static conditions but not in planta IMPORTANCE Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN is a well-studied plant-associated bacterium known to induce resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this work, we described the spontaneous appearance of mucoid variants in PsJN from static cultures. We showed that the conversion from the wild-type (WT) form to variants (V) correlates with an overproduction of EPS, an enhanced ability to form biofilm in vitro and in planta, and a reduced swimming motility. Our results revealed also that these phenotypes are in part associated with spontaneous mutations in an iron-sulfur cluster. Overall, the data provided here allow a better understanding of the adaptive mechanisms likely developed by P. phytofirmans PsJN in a heterogeneous environment.
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23
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Synthetic Rhamnolipid Bolaforms trigger an innate immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8534. [PMID: 29867089 PMCID: PMC5986815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of plant innate immunity by natural and synthetic elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional pesticides for a more sustainable agriculture. Sugar-based bolaamphiphiles are known for their biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. In this work, we show that Synthetic Rhamnolipid Bolaforms (SRBs) that have been synthesized by green chemistry trigger Arabidopsis innate immunity. Using structure-function analysis, we demonstrate that SRBs, depending on the acyl chain length, differentially activate early and late immunity-related plant defense responses and provide local increase in resistance to plant pathogenic bacteria. Our biophysical data suggest that SRBs can interact with plant biomimetic plasma membrane and open the possibility of a lipid driven process for plant-triggered immunity by SRBs.
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Hu W, Pan X, Li F, Dong W. UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics analysis revealed the contributions of metabolites to the pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani strain AG-1-IA. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192486. [PMID: 29408919 PMCID: PMC5800620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani and its phytotoxin phenylacetic acid (PAA) on maize leaves and sheaths, treated leaf and sheath tissues were analyzed and interpreted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. The PAA treatment had similar effects to those of R. solani on maize leaves regarding the metabolism of traumatin, phytosphingosine, vitexin 2'' O-beta-D-glucoside, rutin and DIBOA-glucoside, which were up-regulated, while the synthesis of OPC-8:0 and 12-OPDA, precursors for the synthesis of jasmonic acid, a plant defense signaling molecule, was down-regulated under both treatments. However, there were also discrepancies in the influences exhibited by R. solani and PAA as the metabolic concentration of zeaxanthin diglucoside in the R. solani infected leaf group decreased. Conversely, in the PAA-treated leaf group, the synthesis of zeaxanthin diglucoside was enhanced. Moreover, although the synthesis of 12 metabolites were suppressed in both the R. solani- and PAA-treated leaf tissues, the inhibitory effect of R. solani was stronger than that of PAA. An increased expression of quercitrin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside was observed in maize sheaths treated by R. solani, while their concentrations were not changed significantly in the PAA-treated sheaths. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the concentration of L-Glutamate, which plays important roles in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens, only occurred in the R. solani-treated sheath tissues. The differentiated metabolite levels may be the partial reason of why maize sheaths were more susceptible to R. solani than leaves and may explain the underlying mechanisms of R. solani pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinli Pan
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wubei Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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25
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Matich EK, Ghafari M, Camgoz E, Caliskan E, Pfeifer BA, Haznedaroglu BZ, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Time-series lipidomic analysis of the oleaginous green microalga species Ettlia oleoabundans under nutrient stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29441127 PMCID: PMC5800086 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are uniquely advantageous organisms cultured and harvested for several value-added biochemicals. A majority of these compounds are lipid-based, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which can be used for biofuel production, and their accumulation is most affected under nutrient stress conditions. As such, the balance between cellular homeostasis and lipid metabolism becomes more intricate to achieve efficiency in bioproduct synthesis. Lipidomics studies in microalgae are of great importance as biochemical diversity also plays a major role in lipid regulation among oleaginous species. METHODS The aim of this study was to analyze time-series changes in lipid families produced by microalga under different nutrient conditions and growth phases to gain comprehensive information at the cellular level. For this purpose, we worked with a highly adaptable, oleaginous, non-model green microalga species, Ettlia oleoabundans (a.k.a. Neochloris oleoabundans). Using a mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics' approach, we analyzed the changes in major lipid families under both replete and deplete nitrogen and phosphorus conditions at four different time points covering exponential and stationary growth phases. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis of the lipid metabolism highlighted the accumulation of TAGs, which can be utilized for the production of biodiesel via transesterification, and depletion of chlorophylls and certain structural lipids required for photosynthesis, under nutrient deprived conditions. We also found a correlation between the depletion of digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) under nutrient deprivation. CONCLUSIONS High accumulation of TAGs under nutrient limitation as well as a depletion of other lipids of interest such as phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), DGDGs, SQDGs, and chlorophylls seem to be interconnected and related to the microalgal photosynthetic efficiency. Overall, our results provided key biochemical information on the lipid regulation and physiology of a non-model green microalga, along with optimization potential for biodiesel and other value-added product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Matich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - M. Ghafari
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - E. Camgoz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E. Caliskan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B. A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - B. Z. Haznedaroglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. E. Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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26
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Biselli C, Bagnaresi P, Faccioli P, Hu X, Balcerzak M, Mattera MG, Yan Z, Ouellet T, Cattivelli L, Valè G. Comparative Transcriptome Profiles of Near-Isogenic Hexaploid Wheat Lines Differing for Effective Alleles at the 2DL FHB Resistance QTL. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:37. [PMID: 29434615 PMCID: PMC5797473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, represents one of the major wheat diseases worldwide, determining severe yield losses and reduction of grain quality due to the accumulation of mycotoxins. The molecular response associated with the wheat 2DL FHB resistance QTL was mined through a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the early response to F. graminearum infection, at 3 days post-inoculation, in spikelets and rachis. The analyses were conducted on two near isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the presence of the 2DL QTL (2-2618, resistant 2DL+ and 2-2890, susceptible null). The general response to fungal infection in terms of mRNAs accumulation trend was similar in both NILs, even though involving an higher number of DEGs in the susceptible NIL, and included down-regulation of the primary and energy metabolism, up-regulation of enzymes implicated in lignin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, activation of hormons biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways and genes involved in redox homeostasis and transcriptional regulation. The search for candidate genes with expression profiles associated with the 2DL QTL for FHB resistance led to the discovery of processes differentially modulated in the R and S NILs related to cell wall metabolism, sugar and JA signaling, signal reception and transduction, regulation of the redox status and transcription factors. Wheat FHB response-related miRNAs differentially regulated were also identified as putatively implicated in the superoxide dismutase activities and affecting genes regulating responses to biotic/abiotic stresses and auxin signaling. Altered gene expression was also observed for fungal non-codingRNAs. The putative targets of two of these were represented by the wheat gene WIR1A, involved in resistance response, and a gene encoding a jacalin-related lectin protein, which participate in biotic and abiotic stress response, supporting the presence of a cross-talk between the plant and the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biselli
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Biselli
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Primetta Faccioli
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Xinkun Hu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Margaret Balcerzak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria G. Mattera
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Genetics–ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Therese Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- CREA–Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
- CREA–Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Vercelli, Italy
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Su F, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Crouzet J, Clément C, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Dhondt-Cordelier S. Different Arabidopsis thaliana photosynthetic and defense responses to hemibiotrophic pathogen induced by local or distal inoculation of Burkholderia phytofirmans. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:201-214. [PMID: 28840464 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infection of plant results in modification of photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. Beneficial microorganisms are known to improve plant tolerance to stresses. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN (Bp), a beneficial endophytic bacterium, promotes growth of a wide range of plants and induces plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses such as coldness and infection by a necrotrophic pathogen. However, mechanisms underlying its role in plant tolerance towards (hemi)biotrophic invaders is still lacking. We thus decipher photosynthetic and defense responses during the interaction between Arabidopsis, Bp and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Different Bp inoculations allowed analyzes at both systemic and local levels. Despite no direct antibacterial action, our results showed that only local presence of Bp alleviates Pst growth in planta during the early stage of infection. Molecular investigations showed that seed inoculation of Bp, leading to a restricted presence in the root system, transiently primed PR1 expression after challenge with Pst but continuously primed PDF1.2 expression. Bacterization with Bp reduced Y(ND) but had no impact on PSII activity or RuBisCO accumulation. Pst infection caused an increase of Y(NA) and a decrease in ΦPSI, ETRI and in PSII activity, showed by a decrease in Fv/Fm, Y(NPQ), ΦPSII, and ETRII values. Inoculation with both bacteria did not display any variation in photosynthetic activity compared to plants inoculated with only Pst. Our findings indicated that the role of Bp here is not multifaceted, and relies only on priming of defense mechanisms but not on improving photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Su
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France.
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28
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Yanagawa D, Ishikawa T, Imai H. Synthesis and degradation of long-chain base phosphates affect fumonisin B 1-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:571-585. [PMID: 28303405 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), an inducer of cell death, disrupts sphingolipid metabolism; large accumulations of de novo synthesized free long-chain bases (LCBs) are observed. However, it remains unclear whether tolerance to FB1 toxicity in plants is connected with preventing the accumulation of free LCBs through their phosphorylation. Here a workflow for the extraction, detection and quantification of LCB phosphates (LCBPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana was developed. We studied the effect of expression of genes for three enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of LCBPs, LCB kinase (LCBK1), LCBP phosphatase (SPP1) and lyase (DPL1) on FB1-induced cell death. As expected, large accumulations of saturated free LCBs, dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, were observed in the FB1-treated leaves. On the other hand, a high level of sphingenine phosphate was found in the FB1-treated leaves even though free sphingenine was found in low amounts in these leaves. In comparison of WT and spp1 plants, the LCBP/LCB ratio is likely to be correlated with the degree of FB1-induced cell death determined by trypan blue staining. The FB1-treated leaves in dpl1 plants showed severe cell death and the elevation of free LCBs and LCBPs. LCBK1-OX and -KD plants showed resistance and sensitivity to FB1, respectively, whereas free LCB and LCBP levels in FB1-treated LCBK1-OX and -KD plants were moderately different to those in FB1-treated WT plants. Overall, the findings described here suggest that LCBP/LCB homeostasis is an important topic that participates in the tolerance of plant cells to FB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yanagawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
- The Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
- The Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
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29
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Iswanto ABB, Kim JY. Lipid Raft, Regulator of Plasmodesmal Callose Homeostasis. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6020015. [PMID: 28368351 PMCID: PMC5489787 DOI: 10.3390/plants6020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The specialized plasma membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts are enriched by sterols and sphingolipids. Lipid rafts facilitate cellular signal transduction by controlling the assembly of signaling molecules and membrane protein trafficking. Another specialized compartment of plant cells, the plasmodesmata (PD), which regulates the symplasmic intercellular movement of certain molecules between adjacent cells, also contains a phospholipid bilayer membrane. The dynamic permeability of plasmodesmata (PDs) is highly controlled by plasmodesmata callose (PDC), which is synthesized by callose synthases (CalS) and degraded by β-1,3-glucanases (BGs). In recent studies, remarkable observations regarding the correlation between lipid raft formation and symplasmic intracellular trafficking have been reported, and the PDC has been suggested to be the regulator of the size exclusion limit of PDs. It has been suggested that the alteration of lipid raft substances impairs PDC homeostasis, subsequently affecting PD functions. In this review, we discuss the substantial role of membrane lipid rafts in PDC homeostasis and provide avenues for understanding the fundamental behavior of the lipid raft-processed PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
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30
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Musungu BM, Bhatnagar D, Brown RL, Payne GA, OBrian G, Fakhoury AM, Geisler M. A Network Approach of Gene Co-expression in the Zea mays/ Aspergillus flavus Pathosystem to Map Host/Pathogen Interaction Pathways. Front Genet 2016; 7:206. [PMID: 27917194 PMCID: PMC5116468 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene co-expression network (GEN) was generated using a dual RNA-seq study with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus and its plant host Zea mays during the initial 3 days of infection. The analysis deciphered novel pathways and mapped genes of interest in both organisms during the infection. This network revealed a high degree of connectivity in many of the previously recognized pathways in Z. mays such as jasmonic acid, ethylene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). For the pathogen A. flavus, a link between aflatoxin production and vesicular transport was identified within the network. There was significant interspecies correlation of expression between Z. mays and A. flavus for a subset of 104 Z. mays, and 1942 A. flavus genes. This resulted in an interspecies subnetwork enriched in multiple Z. mays genes involved in the production of ROS. In addition to the ROS from Z. mays, there was enrichment in the vesicular transport pathways and the aflatoxin pathway for A. flavus. Included in these genes, a key aflatoxin cluster regulator, AflS, was found to be co-regulated with multiple Z. mays ROS producing genes within the network, suggesting AflS may be monitoring host ROS levels. The entire GEN for both host and pathogen, and the subset of interspecies correlations, is presented as a tool for hypothesis generation and discovery for events in the early stages of fungal infection of Z. mays by A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Musungu
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, CarbondaleIL, USA; Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, New OrleansLA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhatnagar
- Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans LA, USA
| | - Robert L Brown
- Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans LA, USA
| | - Gary A Payne
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, USA
| | - Greg OBrian
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, USA
| | - Ahmad M Fakhoury
- Department of Plant Soil and Agriculture Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale IL, USA
| | - Matt Geisler
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale IL, USA
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31
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Michaelson LV, Napier JA, Molino D, Faure JD. Plant sphingolipids: Their importance in cellular organization and adaption. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1861:1329-1335. [PMID: 27086144 PMCID: PMC4970446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids and their phosphorylated derivatives are ubiquitous bio-active components of cells. They are structural elements in the lipid bilayer and contribute to the dynamic nature of the membrane. They have been implicated in many cellular processes in yeast and animal cells, including aspects of signaling, apoptosis, and senescence. Although sphingolipids have a better defined role in animal systems, they have been shown to be central to many essential processes in plants including but not limited to, pollen development, signal transduction and in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. A fuller understanding of the roles of sphingolipids within plants has been facilitated by classical biochemical studies and the identification of mutants of model species. Recently the development of powerful mass spectrometry techniques hailed the advent of the emerging field of lipidomics enabling more accurate sphingolipid detection and quantitation. This review will consider plant sphingolipid biosynthesis and function in the context of these new developments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Diana Molino
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités - UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Denis Faure
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France; Agro Paris Tech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France.
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Mbengue M, Navaud O, Peyraud R, Barascud M, Badet T, Vincent R, Barbacci A, Raffaele S. Emerging Trends in Molecular Interactions between Plants and the Broad Host Range Fungal Pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:422. [PMID: 27066056 PMCID: PMC4814483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens are major threats to food security worldwide. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are closely related Ascomycete plant pathogens causing mold diseases on hundreds of plant species. There is no genetic source of complete plant resistance to these broad host range pathogens known to date. Instead, natural plant populations show a continuum of resistance levels controlled by multiple genes, a phenotype designated as quantitative disease resistance. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction between plants and S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea but significant advances were made on this topic in the last years. This minireview highlights a selection of nine themes that emerged in recent research reports on the molecular bases of plant-S. sclerotiorum and plant-B. cinerea interactions. On the fungal side, this includes progress on understanding the role of oxalic acid, on the study of fungal small secreted proteins. Next, we discuss the exchanges of small RNA between organisms and the control of cell death in plant and fungi during pathogenic interactions. Finally on the plant side, we highlight defense priming by mechanical signals, the characterization of plant Receptor-like proteins and the hormone abscisic acid in the response to B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum, the role of plant general transcription machinery and plant small bioactive peptides. These represent nine trends we selected as remarkable in our understanding of fungal molecules causing disease and plant mechanisms associated with disease resistance to two devastating broad host range fungi.
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