1
|
Ménard D, Serk H, Decou R, Pesquet E. Inducible Pluripotent Suspension Cell Cultures (iPSCs) to Study Plant Cell Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:171-200. [PMID: 37897608 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Inducing the differentiation of specific cell type(s) synchronously and on-demand is a great experimental system to understand the sequential progression of the cellular processes, their timing and their resulting properties for distinct isolated plant cells independently of their tissue context. The inducible differentiation in cell suspension cultures, moreover, enables to obtain large quantities of distinct cell types at specific development stage, which is not possible when using whole plants. The differentiation of tracheary elements (TEs) - the cell type responsible for the hydro-mineral sap conduction and skeletal support of plants in xylem tissues - has been the most studied using inducible cell suspension cultures. We herein describe how to establish and use inducible pluripotent suspension cell cultures (iPSCs) in Arabidopsis thaliana to trigger on-demand different cell types, such as TEs or mesophyll cells. We, moreover, describe the methods to establish, monitor, and modify the sequence, duration, and properties of differentiated cells using iPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ménard
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raphael Decou
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El Houari I, Klíma P, Baekelandt A, Staswick PE, Uzunova V, Del Genio CI, Steenackers W, Dobrev PI, Filepová R, Novák O, Napier R, Petrášek J, Inzé D, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. Non-specific effects of the CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE inhibitor piperonylic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37036146 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are often implemented for the functional characterization of genes to overcome the limitations associated with genetic approaches. Although it is well established that the specificity of the compound is key to success of a pharmacological approach, off-target effects are often overlooked or simply neglected in a complex biological setting. Here we illustrate the cause and implications of such secondary effects by focusing on piperonylic acid (PA), an inhibitor of CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) that is frequently used to investigate the involvement of lignin during plant growth and development. When supplied to plants, we found that PA is recognized as a substrate by GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.6 (GH3.6), an amido synthetase involved in the formation of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugate IAA-Asp. By competing for the same enzyme, PA interferes with IAA conjugation, resulting in an increase in IAA concentrations in the plant. In line with the broad substrate specificity of the GH3 family of enzymes, treatment with PA increased not only IAA levels but also those of other GH3-conjugated phytohormones, namely jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Finally, we found that interference with the endogenous function of GH3s potentially contributes to phenotypes previously observed upon PA treatment. We conclude that deregulation of phytohormone homeostasis by surrogate occupation of the conjugation machinery in the plant is likely a general phenomenon when using chemical inhibitors. Our results hereby provide a novel and important basis for future reference in studies using chemical inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias El Houari
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petr Klíma
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul E Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charo I Del Genio
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Coventry University, Prior Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Ward Steenackers
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jan Petrášek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blaschek L, Murozuka E, Serk H, Ménard D, Pesquet E. Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:889-909. [PMID: 36449969 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.04.490011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants reinforce the cell walls of the different xylem cell types with lignin phenolic polymers. Distinct lignin chemistries differ between each cell wall layer and each cell type to support their specific functions. Yet the mechanisms controlling the tight spatial localization of specific lignin chemistries remain unclear. Current hypotheses focus on control by monomer biosynthesis and/or export, while cell wall polymerization is viewed as random and nonlimiting. Here, we show that combinations of multiple individual laccases (LACs) are nonredundantly and specifically required to set the lignin chemistry in different cell types and their distinct cell wall layers. We dissected the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana LAC4, 5, 10, 12, and 17 by generating quadruple and quintuple loss-of-function mutants. Loss of these LACs in different combinations led to specific changes in lignin chemistry affecting both residue ring structures and/or aliphatic tails in specific cell types and cell wall layers. Moreover, we showed that LAC-mediated lignification has distinct functions in specific cell types, waterproofing fibers, and strengthening vessels. Altogether, we propose that the spatial control of lignin chemistry depends on different combinations of LACs with nonredundant activities immobilized in specific cell types and cell wall layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Delphine Ménard
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blaschek L, Murozuka E, Serk H, Ménard D, Pesquet E. Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:889-909. [PMID: 36449969 PMCID: PMC9940878 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants reinforce the cell walls of the different xylem cell types with lignin phenolic polymers. Distinct lignin chemistries differ between each cell wall layer and each cell type to support their specific functions. Yet the mechanisms controlling the tight spatial localization of specific lignin chemistries remain unclear. Current hypotheses focus on control by monomer biosynthesis and/or export, while cell wall polymerization is viewed as random and nonlimiting. Here, we show that combinations of multiple individual laccases (LACs) are nonredundantly and specifically required to set the lignin chemistry in different cell types and their distinct cell wall layers. We dissected the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana LAC4, 5, 10, 12, and 17 by generating quadruple and quintuple loss-of-function mutants. Loss of these LACs in different combinations led to specific changes in lignin chemistry affecting both residue ring structures and/or aliphatic tails in specific cell types and cell wall layers. Moreover, we showed that LAC-mediated lignification has distinct functions in specific cell types, waterproofing fibers, and strengthening vessels. Altogether, we propose that the spatial control of lignin chemistry depends on different combinations of LACs with nonredundant activities immobilized in specific cell types and cell wall layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Delphine Ménard
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khattab IM, Fischer J, Kaźmierczak A, Thines E, Nick P. Ferulic acid is a putative surrender signal to stimulate programmed cell death in grapevines after infection with Neofusicoccum parvum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:339-358. [PMID: 36263963 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An apoplectic breakdown from grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) has become a serious challenge to viticulture as a consequence of drought stress. We hypothesize that fungal aggressiveness is controlled by a chemical communication between the host and colonizing fungus. We introduce the new concept of a 'plant surrender signal' accumulating in host plants under stress and facilitating the aggressive behaviour of the strain Neofusicoccum parvum (Bt-67) causing Botryosphaeriaceae-related dieback in grapevines. Using a cell-based experimental system (Vitis cells) and bioactivity-guided fractionation, we identify trans-ferulic acid, a monolignol precursor, as a 'surrender signal'. We show that this signal specifically activates the secretion of the fungal phytotoxin fusicoccin A aglycone. We show further that this phytotoxin, mediated by 14-3-3 proteins, activates programmed cell death in Vitis cells. We arrive at a model showing a chemical communication facilitating fusicoccin A secretion that drives necrotrophic behaviour during Botryosphaeriaceae-Vitis interaction through trans-ferulic acid. We thus hypothesize that channelling the phenylpropanoid pathway from this lignin precursor to the trans-resveratrol phytoalexin could be a target for future therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Khattab
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Jochen Fischer
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ménard D, Blaschek L, Kriechbaum K, Lee CC, Serk H, Zhu C, Lyubartsev A, Nuoendagula , Bacsik Z, Bergström L, Mathew A, Kajita S, Pesquet E. Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:koac284. [PMID: 36215679 PMCID: PMC9709985 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The biopolymer lignin is deposited in the cell walls of vascular cells and is essential for long-distance water conduction and structural support in plants. Different vascular cell types contain distinct and conserved lignin chemistries, each with specific aromatic and aliphatic substitutions. Yet, the biological role of this conserved and specific lignin chemistry in each cell type remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of this lignin biochemical specificity for cellular functions by producing single cell analyses for three cell morphotypes of tracheary elements, which all allow sap conduction but differ in their morphology. We determined that specific lignin chemistries accumulate in each cell type. Moreover, lignin accumulated dynamically, increasing in quantity and changing in composition, to alter the cell wall biomechanics during cell maturation. For similar aromatic substitutions, residues with alcohol aliphatic functions increased stiffness whereas aldehydes increased flexibility of the cell wall. Modifying this lignin biochemical specificity and the sequence of its formation impaired the cell wall biomechanics of each morphotype and consequently hindered sap conduction and drought recovery. Together, our results demonstrate that each sap-conducting vascular cell type distinctly controls their lignin biochemistry to adjust their biomechanics and hydraulic properties to face developmental and environmental constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ménard
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Kriechbaum
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Choo Lee
- Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy (UCEM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chuantao Zhu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuoendagula
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Zoltán Bacsik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aji Mathew
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mendes GGM, Mota TR, Bossoni GEB, Marchiosi R, Oliveira DMD, Constantin RP, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O. Inhibiting tricin biosynthesis improves maize lignocellulose saccharification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:12-19. [PMID: 35247693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a technological bottleneck to convert polysaccharides into fermentable sugars, and different strategies of genetic-based metabolic engineering have been applied to improve biomass saccharification. Using maize seedlings grown hydroponically for 24 h, we conducted a quick non-transgenic approach with five enzyme inhibitors of the lignin and tricin pathways. Two compounds [3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid: MDCA and 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid: PDCA] revealed interesting findings on root growth, lignin composition, and saccharification. By inhibiting hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase, a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, MDCA decreased the lignin content and improved saccharification, but it decreased root growth. By inhibiting flavone synthase, a key enzyme of tricin biosynthesis, PDCA decreased total lignin content and improved saccharification without affecting root growth. PDCA was three-fold more effective than MDCA, suggesting that controlling lignin biosynthesis with enzymatic inhibitors may be an attractive strategy to improve biomass saccharification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thatiane Rodrigues Mota
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics and VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Dyoni Matias de Oliveira
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics and VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Dantas Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Desmedt W, Jonckheere W, Nguyen VH, Ameye M, De Zutter N, De Kock K, Debode J, Van Leeuwen T, Audenaert K, Vanholme B, Kyndt T. The phenylpropanoid pathway inhibitor piperonylic acid induces broad-spectrum pest and disease resistance in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3122-3139. [PMID: 34053100 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although many phenylpropanoid pathway-derived molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to pests and pathogens, comparatively little is known about their role in regulating plant immunity. To explore this research field, we transiently perturbed the phenylpropanoid pathway through application of the CINNAMIC ACID-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) inhibitor piperonylic acid (PA). Using bioassays involving diverse pests and pathogens, we show that transient C4H inhibition triggers systemic, broad-spectrum resistance in higher plants without affecting growth. PA treatment enhances tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) resistance in field and laboratory conditions, thereby illustrating the potential of phenylpropanoid pathway perturbation in crop protection. At the molecular level, transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal that transient C4H inhibition in tomato reprograms phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism, systemically induces immune signalling and pathogenesis-related genes, and locally affects reactive oxygen species metabolism. Furthermore, C4H inhibition primes cell wall modification and phenolic compound accumulation in response to root-knot nematode infection. Although PA treatment induces local accumulation of the phytohormone salicylic acid, the PA resistance phenotype is preserved in tomato plants expressing the salicylic acid-degrading NahG construct. Together, our results demonstrate that transient phenylpropanoid pathway perturbation is a conserved inducer of plant resistance and thus highlight the crucial regulatory role of this pathway in plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Epigenetics and Defence Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viet Ha Nguyen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noémie De Zutter
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Kock
- Epigenetics and Defence Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Epigenetics and Defence Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El Houari I, Van Beirs C, Arents HE, Han H, Chanoca A, Opdenacker D, Pollier J, Storme V, Steenackers W, Quareshy M, Napier R, Beeckman T, Friml J, De Rybel B, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. Seedling developmental defects upon blocking CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE are caused by perturbations in auxin transport. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2275-2291. [PMID: 33728703 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway serves a central role in plant metabolism, providing numerous compounds involved in diverse physiological processes. Most carbon entering the pathway is incorporated into lignin. Although several phenylpropanoid pathway mutants show seedling growth arrest, the role for lignin in seedling growth and development is unexplored. We use complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches to block CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) functionality in Arabidopsis seedlings and a set of molecular and biochemical techniques to investigate the underlying phenotypes. Blocking C4H resulted in reduced lateral rooting and increased adventitious rooting apically in the hypocotyl. These phenotypes coincided with an inhibition in AUX transport. The upstream accumulation in cis-cinnamic acid was found to be likely to cause polar AUX transport inhibition. Conversely, a downstream depletion in lignin perturbed phloem-mediated AUX transport. Restoring lignin deposition effectively reestablished phloem transport and, accordingly, AUX homeostasis. Our results show that the accumulation of bioactive intermediates and depletion in lignin jointly cause the aberrant phenotypes upon blocking C4H, and demonstrate that proper deposition of lignin is essential for the establishment of AUX distribution in seedlings. Our data position the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin in a new physiological framework, consolidating their importance in plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias El Houari
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Beirs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Helena E Arents
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Huibin Han
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Alexandra Chanoca
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Davy Opdenacker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Véronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ward Steenackers
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fooyontphanich K, Morcillo F, Joët T, Dussert S, Serret J, Collin M, Amblard P, Tangphatsornruang S, Roongsattham P, Jantasuriyarat C, Verdeil JL, Tranbarger TJ. Multi-scale comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and metabolic reprogramming processes associated with oil palm fruit abscission. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33573592 PMCID: PMC7879690 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission depends on cell separation that occurs within specialized cell layers that constitute an abscission zone (AZ). To determine the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) compared with other abscission systems, we performed multi-scale comparative transcriptome analyses on fruit targeting the developing primary AZ and adjacent tissues. RESULTS Combining between-tissue developmental comparisons with exogenous ethylene treatments, and naturally occurring abscission in the field, RNAseq analysis revealed a robust core set of 168 genes with differentially regulated expression, spatially associated with the ripe fruit AZ, and temporally restricted to the abscission timing. The expression of a set of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR in the fruit AZ of a natural oil palm variant with blocked fruit abscission, which provides evidence for their functions during abscission. Our results substantiate the conservation of gene function between dicot dry fruit dehiscence and monocot fleshy fruit abscission. The study also revealed major metabolic transitions occur in the AZ during abscission, including key senescence marker genes and transcriptional regulators, in addition to genes involved in nutrient recycling and reallocation, alternative routes for energy supply and adaptation to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first reference transcriptome of a monocot fleshy fruit abscission zone and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying abscission by identifying key genes with functional roles and processes, including metabolic transitions, cell wall modifications, signalling, stress adaptations and transcriptional regulation, that occur during ripe fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm. The transcriptome data comprises an original reference and resource useful towards understanding the evolutionary basis of this fundamental plant process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fooyontphanich
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Grow A Green Co, Ltd. 556 Maha Chakraphat Rd. Namaung, Chachoengsao, Chachoengsao Province, 24000, Thailand
| | - Fabienne Morcillo
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DIADE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Serret
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Collin
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Roongsattham
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Timothy J Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu F, Xue S, Deng L, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhao X. The piperazine compound ASP activates an auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:788. [PMID: 33176686 PMCID: PMC7659159 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auxins play key roles in the phytohormone network. Early auxin response genes in the AUX/IAA, SAUR, and GH3 families show functional redundancy, which makes it very difficult to study the functions of individual genes based on gene knockout analysis or transgenic technology. As an alternative, chemical genetics provides a powerful approach that can be used to address questions relating to plant hormones. Results By screening a small-molecule chemical library of compounds that can induce abnormal seedling and vein development, we identified and characterized a piperazine compound 1-[(4-bromophenoxy) acetyl]-4-[(4-fluorophenyl) sulfonyl] piperazine (ASP). The Arabidopsis DR5::GFP line was used to assess if the effects mentioned were correlated with the auxin response, and we accordingly verified that ASP altered the auxin-related pathway. Subsequently, we examined the regulatory roles of ASP in hypocotyl and root development, auxin distribution, and changes in gene expression. Following ASP treatment, we detected hypocotyl elongation concomitant with enhanced cell elongation. Furthermore, seedlings showed retarded primary root growth, reduced gravitropism and increased root hair development. These phenotypes were associated with an increased induction of DR5::GUS expression in the root/stem transition zone and root tips. Auxin-related mutants including tir1–1, aux1–7 and axr2–1 showed phenotypes with different root-development pattern from that of the wild type (Col-0), and were insensitive to ASP. Confocal images of propidium iodide (PI)-stained root tip cells showed no detectable damage by ASP. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analyses of two other genes, namely, Ethylene Response Factor (ERF115) and Mediator 18 (MED18), which are related to cell regeneration and damage, indicated that the ASP inhibitory effect on root growth was not attributable to toxicity. RT-qPCR analysis provided further evidence that ASP induced the expression of early auxin-response-related genes. Conclusions ASP altered the auxin response pathway and regulated Arabidopsis growth and development. These results provide a basis for dissecting specific molecular components involved in auxin-regulated developmental processes and offer new opportunities to discover novel molecular players involved in the auxin response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07203-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shuqi Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Limeng Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blaschek L, Champagne A, Dimotakis C, Nuoendagula, Decou R, Hishiyama S, Kratzer S, Kajita S, Pesquet E. Cellular and Genetic Regulation of Coniferaldehyde Incorporation in Lignin of Herbaceous and Woody Plants by Quantitative Wiesner Staining. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:109. [PMID: 32194582 PMCID: PMC7061857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin accumulates in the cell walls of specialized cell types to enable plants to stand upright and conduct water and minerals, withstand abiotic stresses, and defend themselves against pathogens. These functions depend on specific lignin concentrations and subunit composition in different cell types and cell wall layers. However, the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of specific lignin subunits, such as coniferaldehyde, during the development of these different cell types are still poorly understood. We herein validated the Wiesner test (phloroglucinol/HCl) for the restrictive quantitative in situ analysis of coniferaldehyde incorporation in lignin. Using this optimized tool, we investigated the genetic control of coniferaldehyde incorporation in the different cell types of genetically-engineered herbaceous and woody plants with modified lignin content and/or composition. Our results demonstrate that the incorporation of coniferaldehyde in lignified cells is controlled by (a) autonomous biosynthetic routes for each cell type, combined with (b) distinct cell-to-cell cooperation between specific cell types, and (c) cell wall layer-specific accumulation capacity. This process tightly regulates coniferaldehyde residue accumulation in specific cell types to adapt their property and/or function to developmental and/or environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoine Champagne
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charilaos Dimotakis
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuoendagula
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raphaël Decou
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shojiro Hishiyama
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susanne Kratzer
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Halka M, Smoleń S, Czernicka M, Klimek-Chodacka M, Pitala J, Tutaj K. Iodine biofortification through expression of HMT, SAMT and S3H genes in Solanum lycopersicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:35-48. [PMID: 31557638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The uptake process and physiological reaction of plants to aromatic iodine compounds have not yet been documented. The aim of this research was to compare uptake by tomato plants of KI and KIO3, as well as of organic iodine compounds - 5-ISA (5-iodosalicylic acid), 3,5-diISA (3,5-diiodosalicylic acid), 2-IBeA (2-iodobenzoic acid), 4-IBeA (4-iodobenzoic acid) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid). Only 2,3,5-triIBeA had a negative influence on plant development. All organic iodine compounds were taken up by roots and transported to leaves and fruits. Among all the compounds applied, the most efficiently transferred iodine was 2-IBeA - to fruits, and 4-IBeA - to leaves. The order of iodine accumulation in fruit cell compartments was as follows: organelles > cell walls > soluble portions of cells; for leaf and root cells, it was: organelles > cell walls or soluble portions, depending on the compound applied. The compounds studied influence iodine metabolism through expression of the HMT gene which encodes halide ion methyltransferase in leaves and roots. Also, their influence on modification of the activity of the SAMT and S3H genes that encode salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase and salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase was established. It was discovered that exogenously applied 5-ISA, 3,5-diISA, 2-IBeA and 4-IBeA are genuinely (endogenously) synthesised in tomato plants; to date, this has not been described for the tomato, nor for any other species of higher plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Halka
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sylwester Smoleń
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Czernicka
- Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pitala
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vanholme B, El Houari I, Boerjan W. Bioactivity: phenylpropanoids’ best kept secret. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 56:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Pesquet E, Wagner A, Grabber JH. Cell culture systems: invaluable tools to investigate lignin formation and cell wall properties. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 56:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Wang Q, Xiao S, Shi SQ, Cai L. Effect of light-delignification on mechanical, hydrophobic, and thermal properties of high-strength molded fiber materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:955. [PMID: 29343806 PMCID: PMC5772459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed a high-strength molded fiber material (HMFM) using pulp fibers, which could be a good substitute for plastic and solid wood materials. The surface composition, microstructure and thermal properties of HMFM were investigated by XPS, SEM and DSC, respectively. The SEM observations showed that the obvious adhesive substances and agglomeration appeared among fibers, and the inter-fiber contact area and binding tightness increased after the light-delignification. The XPS examination showed that the oxygen-rich composition on the outer surface of HMFM were reduced, and the outer surface coverage of lignin increased from 70.05% to 90.15% after the light-delignification. The DSC observation showed that the thermal stability of HMFM decreased, the temperature for the maximum rate of mass loss decreased from 370 °C to 345.6 °C, and the enthalpy value required for decomposition was reduced from 110.8 J/g to 68.0 J/g after the light-delignification. The mechanical and hydrophobic properties of HMFM were obviously improved after the light-delignification. When the content of lignin decreased from 24.9% to 11.45%, the density of HMFM increased by 6.0%, the tensile strength increased by 22.0%, the bending strength increased by 23.9%, and the water contact angle increased from 64.3°-72.7° to 80.8°-84.3°.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Wang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shengling Xiao
- College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Sheldon Q Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Liping Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dejonghe W, Russinova E. Plant Chemical Genetics: From Phenotype-Based Screens to Synthetic Biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:5-20. [PMID: 28275150 PMCID: PMC5411137 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of a biological system with small molecules to specifically perturb cellular functions is commonly referred to as chemical biology. Small molecules are used commercially as drugs, herbicides, and fungicides in different systems, but in recent years they are increasingly exploited as tools for basic research. For instance, chemical genetics involves the discovery of small-molecule effectors of various cellular functions through screens of compound libraries. Whereas the drug discovery field has largely been driven by target-based screening approaches followed by drug optimization, chemical genetics in plant systems tends to be fueled by more general phenotype-based screens, opening the possibility to identify a wide range of small molecules that are not necessarily directly linked to the process of interest. Here, we provide an overview of the current progress in chemical genetics in plants, with a focus on the discoveries regarding small molecules identified in screens designed with a basic biology perspective. We reflect on the possibilities that lie ahead and discuss some of the potential pitfalls that might be encountered upon adopting a given chemical genetics approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Dejonghe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (W.D., E.R); and
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (W.D., E.R.)
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (W.D., E.R); and
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (W.D., E.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Steenackers W, Klíma P, Quareshy M, Cesarino I, Kumpf RP, Corneillie S, Araújo P, Viaene T, Goeminne G, Nowack MK, Ljung K, Friml J, Blakeslee JJ, Novák O, Zažímalová E, Napier R, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. cis-Cinnamic Acid Is a Novel, Natural Auxin Efflux Inhibitor That Promotes Lateral Root Formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:552-565. [PMID: 27837086 PMCID: PMC5210711 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Auxin steers numerous physiological processes in plants, making the tight control of its endogenous levels and spatiotemporal distribution a necessity. This regulation is achieved by different mechanisms, including auxin biosynthesis, metabolic conversions, degradation, and transport. Here, we introduce cis-cinnamic acid (c-CA) as a novel and unique addition to a small group of endogenous molecules affecting in planta auxin concentrations. c-CA is the photo-isomerization product of the phenylpropanoid pathway intermediate trans-CA (t-CA). When grown on c-CA-containing medium, an evolutionary diverse set of plant species were shown to exhibit phenotypes characteristic for high auxin levels, including inhibition of primary root growth, induction of root hairs, and promotion of adventitious and lateral rooting. By molecular docking and receptor binding assays, we showed that c-CA itself is neither an auxin nor an anti-auxin, and auxin profiling data revealed that c-CA does not significantly interfere with auxin biosynthesis. Single cell-based auxin accumulation assays showed that c-CA, and not t-CA, is a potent inhibitor of auxin efflux. Auxin signaling reporters detected changes in spatiotemporal distribution of the auxin response along the root of c-CA-treated plants, and long-distance auxin transport assays showed no inhibition of rootward auxin transport. Overall, these results suggest that the phenotypes of c-CA-treated plants are the consequence of a local change in auxin accumulation, induced by the inhibition of auxin efflux. This work reveals a novel mechanism how plants may regulate auxin levels and adds a novel, naturally occurring molecule to the chemical toolbox for the studies of auxin homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ward Steenackers
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Petr Klíma
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Robert P Kumpf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Sander Corneillie
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Tom Viaene
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Jiří Friml
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Eva Zažímalová
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Richard Napier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.)
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.)
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.);
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.);
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.);
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.);
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.P.K., S.C., P.A., T.V., G.G., M.K.N., W.B., B.V.);
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil (I.C.);
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.);
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (J.F.);
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 (J.J.B.); and
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Steenackers W, Cesarino I, Klíma P, Quareshy M, Vanholme R, Corneillie S, Kumpf RP, Van de Wouwer D, Ljung K, Goeminne G, Novák O, Zažímalová E, Napier R, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. The Allelochemical MDCA Inhibits Lignification and Affects Auxin Homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:874-888. [PMID: 27506238 PMCID: PMC5047068 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (MDCA) is a plant-derived compound first extracted from roots of Asparagus officinalis and further characterized as an allelochemical. Later on, MDCA was identified as an efficient inhibitor of 4-COUMARATE-CoA LIGASE (4CL), a key enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. By blocking 4CL, MDCA affects the biosynthesis of many important metabolites, which might explain its phytotoxicity. To decipher the molecular basis of the allelochemical activity of MDCA, we evaluated the effect of this compound on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Metabolic profiling revealed that MDCA is converted in planta into piperonylic acid (PA), an inhibitor of CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H), the enzyme directly upstream of 4CL. The inhibition of C4H was also reflected in the phenolic profile of MDCA-treated plants. Treatment of in vitro grown plants resulted in an inhibition of primary root growth and a proliferation of lateral and adventitious roots. These observed growth defects were not the consequence of lignin perturbation, but rather the result of disturbing auxin homeostasis. Based on DII-VENUS quantification and direct measurement of cellular auxin transport, we concluded that MDCA disturbs auxin gradients by interfering with auxin efflux. In addition, mass spectrometry was used to show that MDCA triggers auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, and catabolism. A similar shift in auxin homeostasis was found in the c4h mutant ref3-2, indicating that MDCA triggers a cross talk between the phenylpropanoid and auxin biosynthetic pathways independent from the observed auxin efflux inhibition. Altogether, our data provide, to our knowledge, a novel molecular explanation for the phytotoxic properties of MDCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ward Steenackers
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Petr Klíma
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Sander Corneillie
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Robert Peter Kumpf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Dorien Van de Wouwer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Eva Zažímalová
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Richard Napier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (W.S., I.C., R.V., S.C., R.P.K., D.V.d.W., G.G., W.B., B.V.);Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil (I.C.);Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, the Czech Republic (P.K., E.Z.);School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom (M.Q., R.N.);Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden (K.L., O.N.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (O.N.)
| |
Collapse
|