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Song T, Huo Q, Li C, Wang Q, Cheng L, Qi W, Ma Z, Song R. The biosynthesis of storage reserves and auxin is coordinated by a hierarchical regulatory network in maize endosperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1855-1869. [PMID: 38962989 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Grain filling in maize (Zea mays) is intricately linked to cell development, involving the regulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of storage reserves (starch, proteins, and lipids) and phytohormones. However, the regulatory network coordinating these biological functions remains unclear. In this study, we identified 1744 high-confidence target genes co-regulated by the transcription factors (TFs) ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 (ZmNAC128/130) through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing coupled with RNA-seq analysis in the zmnac128/130 loss-of-function mutants. We further constructed a hierarchical regulatory network using DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis of downstream TFs regulated by ZmNAC128/130. In addition to target genes involved in the biosynthesis of starch and zeins, we discovered novel target genes of ZmNAC128/130 involved in the biosynthesis of lipids and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Consistently, the number of oil bodies, as well as the contents of triacylglycerol, and IAA were significantly reduced in zmnac128/130. The hierarchical regulatory network centered by ZmNAC128/130 revealed a significant overlap between the direct target genes of ZmNAC128/130 and their downstream TFs, particularly in regulating the biosynthesis of storage reserves and IAA. Our results indicated that the biosynthesis of storage reserves and IAA is coordinated by a multi-TFs hierarchical regulatory network in maize endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zeyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Yang X, Ma Y, Chen J, Huang M, Qi M, Han N, Bian H, Qiu T, Yan Q, Wang J. Sextuple knockouts of a highly conserved and coexpressed AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID gene set confer shade avoidance-like responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39012193 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACIDs are transcriptional repressors for auxin signalling. Aux/IAAs of Arabidopsis thaliana display some functional redundancy. The IAA3/SHY2 clade (IAA1, IAA2, IAA3 and IAA4) show strong sequence similarity, but no higher-order mutants have been reported. Here, through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated loss-of-function iaa1/2/3/4 mutants. The quadruple mutants only exhibited a weak phenotype. Thus, we additionally knocked out IAA7/AXR2 and IAA16, which are coexpressed with IAA1/2/3/4. Remarkably, under white light control conditions, the iaa1/2/3/4/7/16 mutants exhibited a shade avoidance-like phenotype with over-elongated hypocotyls and petioles and hyponastic leaves. The sextuple mutants were highly sensitive to low light intensity, and the hypocotyl cells of the mutants were excessively elongated. Transcriptome profiling and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the sextuple mutation upregulated IAA19/MSG2 and IAA29, two shared shade/auxin signalling targets. Besides, genes encoding cell wall-remodelling proteins and shade-responsive transcription regulators were upregulated. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, we verified that IAA2/IAA7 targeted the promoters of cell wall-remodelling genes to inhibit their transcription. Our work indicates that the IAA1/2/3/4/7/16 gene set is required for the optimal integration of auxin and shade signalling. The mutants generated here should be valuable for exploring the complex interactions among signal sensors, transcription activators and transcription repressors during hormone/environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Wang N, Lan J, Pan Y, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Chen X, Feng X, Qin G. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP4 controls the identity of the apical gynoecium. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2668-2688. [PMID: 38581433 PMCID: PMC11218827 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The style and stigma at the apical gynoecium are crucial for flowering plant reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying specification of the apical gynoecium remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Class II TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors are critical for apical gynoecium specification in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The septuple tcp2 tcp3 tcp4 tcp5 tcp10 tcp13 tcp17 (tcpSEP) and duodecuple tcp2 tcp3 tcp4 tcp5 tcp10 tcp13 tcp17 tcp24 tcp1 tcp12 tcp18 tcp16 (tcpDUO) mutants produce narrower and longer styles, while disruption of TCPs and CRABS CLAW (CRC) or NGATHAs (NGAs) in tcpDUO crc or tcpDUO nga1 nga2 nga4 causes the apical gynoecium to be replaced by lamellar structures with indeterminate growth. TCPs are predominantly expressed in the apex of the gynoecium. TCP4 interacts with CRC to synergistically upregulate the expression level of NGAs, and NGAs further form high-order complexes to control the expression of auxin-related genes in the apical gynoecium by directly interacting with TCP4. Our findings demonstrate that TCP4 physically associates with CRC and NGAs to control auxin biosynthesis in forming fine structures of the apical gynoecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yige Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yidan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, National Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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Hur YS, Oh J, Kim N, Kim S, Son O, Kim J, Um JH, Ji Z, Kim MH, Ko JH, Ohme-Takagi M, Choi G, Cheon CI. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP13 promotes shade avoidance syndrome-like responses by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive gene promoters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:241-257. [PMID: 37824096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
TCP13 belongs to a subgroup of TCP transcription factors implicated in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we show that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by enhancing hypocotyl elongation and suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis as a part of the incoherent feed-forward loop in light signaling. Shade is known to promote the SAS by activating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin signaling in plants, but we found no evidence in a transcriptome analysis that TCP13 activates PIF-auxin signaling. Instead, TCP13 mimics shade by activating the expression of a subset of shade-inducible and cell elongation-promoting SAUR genes including SAUR19, by direct targeting of their promoters. We also found that TCP13 and PIF4, a molecular proxy for shade, repress the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes by directly targeting both shared and distinct sets of biosynthetic gene promoters. Together, our results indicate that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive genes without activating the PIF-auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jeonghwa Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Namuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Um
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Choong-Ill Cheon
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Lee Z, Kim S, Choi SJ, Joung E, Kwon M, Park HJ, Shim JS. Regulation of Flowering Time by Environmental Factors in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3680. [PMID: 37960036 PMCID: PMC10649094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The timing of floral transition is determined by both endogenous molecular pathways and external environmental conditions. Among these environmental conditions, photoperiod acts as a cue to regulate the timing of flowering in response to seasonal changes. Additionally, it has become clear that various environmental factors also control the timing of floral transition. Environmental factor acts as either a positive or negative signal to modulate the timing of flowering, thereby establishing the optimal flowering time to maximize the reproductive success of plants. This review aims to summarize the effects of environmental factors such as photoperiod, light intensity, temperature changes, vernalization, drought, and salinity on the regulation of flowering time in plants, as well as to further explain the molecular mechanisms that link environmental factors to the internal flowering time regulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zion Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Sohyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Su Jeong Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Eui Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Life Science, ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Wang F, Cai X, Wei H, Zhang L, Dong A, Su W. Histone methylation readers MRG1/MRG2 interact with the transcription factor TCP14 to positively modulate cytokinin sensitivity in Arabidopsis. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:589-599. [PMID: 36870415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins influence many aspects of plant growth and development. Although cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling have been well studied in planta, little is known about the regulatory effects of epigenetic modifications on the cytokinin response. Here, we reveal that mutations to Morf Related Gene (MRG) proteins MRG1/MRG2, which are readers of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 36 (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3), result in cytokinin hyposensitivity during various developmental processes, including callus induction and root and seedling growth inhibition. Similar to the mrg1 mrg2 mutant, plants with a defective AtTCP14, which belongs to the TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, AND PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor family, are insensitive to cytokinin. Furthermore, the transcription of several genes related to cytokinin signaling pathway is altered. Specifically, the expression of Arabidopsis thalianaHISTIDINE-CONTAINING PHOSPHOTRANSMITTER PROTEIN 2 (AHP2) decreases significantly in the mrg1 mrg2 and tcp14-2 mutants. We also confirm the interaction between MRG2 and TCP14 in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MRG2 and TCP14 can be recruited to AHP2 after recognizing H3K4me3/H3K36me3 markers and promote the histone-4 lysine-5 acetylation to further enhance AHP2 expression. In summary, our research elucidate a previously unknown mechanism mediating the effects of MRG proteins on the magnitude of the cytokinin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xixi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huizhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Linghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Aiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Sharma A, Samtani H, Sahu K, Sharma AK, Khurana JP, Khurana P. Functions of Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIFs) in the regulation of plant growth and development: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125234. [PMID: 37290549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors play important roles in governing plant responses upon changes in their ambient conditions. Any fluctuation in the supply of critical requirements for plants, such as optimum light, temperature, and water leads to the reprogramming of gene-signaling pathways. At the same time, plants also evaluate and shift their metabolism according to the various stages of development. Phytochrome-Interacting Factors are one of the most important classes of transcription factors that regulate both developmental and external stimuli-based growth of plants. This review focuses on the identification of PIFs in various organisms, regulation of PIFs by various proteins, functions of PIFs of Arabidopsis in diverse developmental pathways such as seed germination, photomorphogenesis, flowering, senescence, seed and fruit development, and external stimuli-induced plant responses such as shade avoidance response, thermomorphogenesis, and various abiotic stress responses. Recent advances related to the functional characterization of PIFs of crops such as rice, maize, and tomato have also been incorporated in this review, to ascertain the potential of PIFs as key regulators to enhance the agronomic traits of these crops. Thus, an attempt has been made to provide a holistic view of the function of PIFs in various processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarye Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Harsha Samtani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Karishma Sahu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Jitendra Paul Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Mao J, Niu C, Li K, Fan L, Liu Z, Li S, Ma D, Tahir MM, Xing L, Zhao C, Ma J, An N, Han M, Ren X, Zhang D. Cytokinin-responsive MdTCP17 interacts with MdWOX11 to repress adventitious root primordium formation in apple rootstocks. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1202-1221. [PMID: 36544357 PMCID: PMC10052379 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation plays an important role in vegetatively propagated plants. Cytokinin (CK) inhibits AR formation, but the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain unknown. In this study, we confirmed that CK content is related to AR formation and further revealed that a high auxin/CK ratio was beneficial to AR formation in apple (Malus domestica). A correlation between expression of CK-responsive TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF17 (MdTCP17) and AR formation in response to CK was identified, and overexpression of MdTCP17 in transgenic apple inhibited AR formation. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed an interaction between MdTCP17 and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (MdWOX11), and a significant correlation between the expression of MdWOX11 and AR ability. Overexpression of MdWOX11 promoted AR primordium formation in apple, while interference of MdWOX11 inhibited AR primordium production. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between MdWOX11 and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN29 (MdLBD29) expression, and yeast one-hybrid, dual luciferase reporter, and ChIP-qPCR assays verified the binding of MdWOX11 to the MdLBD29 promoter with a WOX-box element in the binding sequence. Furthermore, MdTCP17 reduced the binding of MdWOX11 and MdLBD29 promoters, and coexpression of MdTCP17 and MdWOX11 reduced MdLBD29 expression. Together, these results explain the function and molecular mechanism of MdTCP17-mediated CK inhibition of AR primordium formation, which could be used to improve apple rootstocks genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Mao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chundong Niu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Fan
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shaohuan Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Doudou Ma
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Si C, Zhan D, Wang L, Sun X, Zhong Q, Yang S. Systematic Investigation of TCP Gene Family: Genome-Wide Identification and Light-Regulated Gene Expression Analysis in Pepino (Solanum Muricatum). Cells 2023; 12:cells12071015. [PMID: 37048089 PMCID: PMC10093338 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific transcription factors such as the TCP family play crucial roles in light responses and lateral branching. The commercial development of S. muricatum has been influenced by the ease with which its lateral branches can be germinated, especially under greenhouse cultivation during the winter with supplemented LED light. The present study examined the TCP family genes in S. muricatum using bioinformatics analysis (whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq) to explore the response of this family to different light treatments. Forty-one TCP genes were identified through a genome-wide search; phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CYC/TB1, CIN and Class I subclusters contained 16 SmTCP, 11 SmTCP and 14 SmTCP proteins, respectively. Structural and conserved sequence analysis of SmTCPs indicated that the motifs in the same subcluster were highly similar in structure and the gene structure of SmTCPs was simpler than that in Arabidopsis thaliana; 40 of the 41 SmTCPs were localized to 12 chromosomes. In S. muricatum, 17 tandem repeat sequences and 17 pairs of SmTCP genes were found. We identified eight TCPs that were significantly differentially expressed (DETCPs) under blue light (B) and red light (R), using RNA-seq. The regulatory network of eight DETCPs was preliminarily constructed. All three subclusters responded to red and blue light treatment. To explore the implications of regulatory TCPs in different light treatments for each species, the TCP regulatory gene networks and GO annotations for A. thaliana and S. muricatum were compared. The regulatory mechanisms suggest that the signaling pathways downstream of the TCPs may be partially conserved between the two species. In addition to the response to light, functional regulation was mostly enriched with auxin response, hypocotyl elongation, and lateral branch genesis. In summary, our findings provide a basis for further analysis of the TCP gene family in other crops and broaden the functional insights into TCP genes regarding light responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Si
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (D.Z.); (L.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Deli Zhan
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (D.Z.); (L.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (D.Z.); (L.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (D.Z.); (L.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qiwen Zhong
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (D.Z.); (L.W.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.S.); (D.Z.); (L.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (S.Y.)
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10
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Casal JJ, Fankhauser C. Shade avoidance in the context of climate change. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1475-1491. [PMID: 36617439 PMCID: PMC10022646 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to changes in the light environment caused by neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants modify their growth and/or developmental patterns to access more sunlight. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), neighbor cues reduce the activity of the photosensory receptors phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1, releasing photoreceptor repression imposed on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and leading to transcriptional reprogramming. The phyB-PIF hub is at the core of all shade-avoidance responses, whilst other photosensory receptors and transcription factors contribute in a context-specific manner. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 is a master regulator of this hub, indirectly stabilizing PIFs and targeting negative regulators of shade avoidance for degradation. Warm temperatures reduce the activity of phyB, which operates as a temperature sensor and further increases the activities of PIF4 and PIF7 by independent temperature sensing mechanisms. The signaling network controlling shade avoidance is not buffered against climate change; rather, it integrates information about shade, temperature, salinity, drought, and likely flooding. We, therefore, predict that climate change will exacerbate shade-induced growth responses in some regions of the planet while limiting the growth potential in others.
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11
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Camoirano A, Alem AL, Gonzalez DH, Viola IL. The N-terminal region located upstream of the TCP domain is responsible for the antagonistic action of the Arabidopsis thaliana TCP8 and TCP23 transcription factors on flowering time. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111571. [PMID: 36535527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TCP proteins (TCPs) are plant-exclusive transcription factors that exert effects on multiple aspects of plant development, from germination to flower and fruit formation. TCPs are divided into two main classes, I and II. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis thaliana class I TCP transcription factor TCP8 is a positive regulator of flowering time. TCP8 mutation and constitutive expression delayed and accelerated flowering, respectively. Accordingly, TCP8 mutant plants showed a delay in the maximum expression of FT and reduced SOC1 transcript levels, while plants overexpressing TCP8 presented increased transcript levels of both genes. Notably, the related class I protein TCP23 showed the opposite behavior, since TCP23 mutation and overexpression accelerated and retarded flowering, respectively. To elucidate the molecular basis of these differences, we analyzed TCP8 and TCP23 comparatively. We found that both proteins are able to physically interact and bind class I TCP motifs, but only TCP8 shows transcriptional activation activity when expressed in plants, which is negatively affected by TCP23. From the analysis of plants expressing different chimeras between the TCPs, we found that the N-terminal region located upstream of the TCP domain is responsible for the opposite effect that TCP8 and TCP23 exert over flowering time and regulation of FT and SOC1 expression. These results suggest that structural features outside the TCP domain modulate the specificity of action of class I TCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Camoirano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela L Alem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ivana L Viola
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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12
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Zhou Y, Park SH, Chua NH. UBP12/UBP13-mediated deubiquitination of salicylic acid receptor NPR3 suppresses plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:232-244. [PMID: 36415131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA), a defense hormone produced after pathogen challenge, is critical for plant immunity. Arabidopsis NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1 (NPR1) and its paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 can bind SA and mediate SA signal transduction. NPR1 functions as a transcriptional co-activator to promote defense gene expression, whereas NPR3 and NPR4 have been shown to function as negative regulators in the SA signaling pathway. Although the mechanism about NPR1 regulation has been well studied, how NPR3/NPR4 proteins are regulated in immune responses remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the stability of NPR3/NPR4 is enhanced by SA. In the absence of pathogen challenge, NPR3/NPR4 are unstable and degraded by the 26S proteasome, whereas the increase in cellular SA levels upon pathogen infection suppresses NPR3/NPR4 degradation. We found that UBP12 and UBP13, two homologous deubiquitinases from a ubiquitin-specific protease subfamily, negatively regulate plant immunity by promoting NPR3/NPR4 stability. Our genetic results further showed that UBP12/UBP13-mediated immunity suppression is partially dependent on NPR3/NPR4 functions. By interacting with NPR3 in the nucleus in an SA-dependent manner, UBP12 and UBP13 remove ubiquitin from polyubiquitinated NPR3 to protect it from being degraded. The stabilization of NPR3/NPR4 promoted by UBP12/UBP13 is essential for negative regulation of basal and SA-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Su-Hyun Park
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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13
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Son O, Zhang C, Yang X, Duc LT, Hur YS, Nam KH, Choi SY, Cheon CI, Kim S. Identification of GA20ox2 as a target of ATHB2 and TCP13 during shade response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158288. [PMID: 37152153 PMCID: PMC10160606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is a collective adaptive response of plants under shade highlighted by characteristic phenotypes such as hypocotyl elongation, which is largely mediated by concerted actions of auxin and GA. We identified ATHB2, a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) domain transcription factor known to be rapidly induced under shade condition, as a positive regulator of GA biosynthesis necessary for the SAS by transactivating the expression of GA20ox2, a key gene in the GA biosynthesis pathway. Based on promoter deletion analysis, EMSA and ChIP assay, ATHB2 appears to regulate the GA20ox2 expression as a direct binding target. We also found that the GA20ox2 expression is under negative control by TCP13, the effect of which can be suppressed by presence of ATHB2. Considering a rapid induction kinetics of ATHB2, this relationship between ATHB2 and TCP13 may allow ATHB2 to play a shade-specific activator for GA20ox by derepressing a pre-existing activity of TCP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Son
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaoyue Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Duc
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sun Hur
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Nam
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Choi
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Ill Cheon
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Sunghan Kim, ; Choong-Ill Cheon,
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Sunghan Kim, ; Choong-Ill Cheon,
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14
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NLR surveillance of pathogen interference with hormone receptors induces immunity. Nature 2023; 613:145-152. [PMID: 36517600 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormone signalling pathways have an important role in defence against pathogens mediated by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat class immune receptors1,2 (NLR). Pathogens have evolved counter-defence strategies to manipulate phytohormone signalling pathways to dampen immunity and promote virulence3. However, little is known about the surveillance of pathogen interference of phytohormone signalling by the plant innate immune system. The pepper (Capsicum chinense) NLR Tsw, which recognizes the effector nonstructural protein NSs encoded by tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), contains an unusually large leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Structural modelling predicts similarity between the LRR domain of Tsw and those of the jasmonic acid receptor COI1, the auxin receptor TIR1 and the strigolactone receptor partner MAX2. This suggested that NSs could directly target hormone receptor signalling to promote infection, and that Tsw has evolved a LRR resembling those of phytohormone receptors LRR to induce immunity. Here we show that NSs associates with COI1, TIR1 and MAX2 through a common repressor-TCP21-which interacts directly with these phytohormone receptors. NSs enhances the interaction of COI1, TIR1 or MAX2 with TCP21 and blocks the degradation of corresponding transcriptional repressors to disable phytohormone-mediated host immunity to the virus. Tsw also interacts directly with TCP21 and this interaction is enhanced by viral NSs. Downregulation of TCP21 compromised Tsw-mediated defence against TSWV. Together, our findings reveal that a pathogen effector targets TCP21 to inhibit phytohormone receptor function, promoting virulence, and a plant NLR protein has evolved to recognize this interference as a counter-virulence strategy, thereby activating immunity.
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15
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Ahres M, Pálmai T, Kovács T, Kovács L, Lacek J, Vankova R, Galiba G, Borbély P. The Effect of White Light Spectrum Modifications by Excess of Blue Light on the Frost Tolerance, Lipid- and Hormone Composition of Barley in the Early Pre-Hardening Phase. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:40. [PMID: 36616169 PMCID: PMC9823678 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that cold acclimation processes are highly influenced, apart from cold ambient temperatures, by light-dependent environmental factors. In this study we investigated whether an extra blue (B) light supplementation would be able to further improve the well-documented freezing tolerance enhancing effect of far-red (FR) enriched white (W) light. The impact of B and FR light supplementation to white light (WFRB) on hormone levels and lipid contents were determined in winter barley at moderate (15 °C) and low (5 °C) temperatures. Low R:FR ratio effectively induced frost tolerance in barley plantlets, but additional B light further enhanced frost hardiness at both temperatures. Supplementation of WFR (white light enriched with FR light) with B had a strong positive effect on abscisic acid accumulation while the suppression of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels were observed at low temperature which resembles the shade avoidance syndrome. We also observed clear lipidomic differences between the individual light and temperature treatments. WFRB light changed the total lipid content negatively, but monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) content was increased, nonetheless. Our results prove that WFRB light can greatly influence phytohormone dynamics and lipid contents, which eventually leads to more efficient pre-hardening to avoid frost damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahres
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tamás Pálmai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Terézia Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
- Department of Agronomy, GEORGIKON Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Péter Borbély
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
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16
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Damerval C, Claudot C, Le Guilloux M, Conde e Silva N, Brunaud V, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Caius J, Delannoy E, Nadot S, Jabbour F, Deveaux Y. Evolutionary analyses and expression patterns of TCP genes in Ranunculales. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055196. [PMID: 36531353 PMCID: PMC9752903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TCP transcription factors play a role in a large number of developmental processes and are at the crossroads of numerous hormonal biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The complete repertoire of TCP genes has already been characterized in several plant species, but not in any species of early diverging eudicots. We focused on the order Ranunculales because of its phylogenetic position as sister group to all other eudicots and its important morphological diversity. Results show that all the TCP genes expressed in the floral transcriptome of Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) are the orthologs of the TCP genes previously identified from the fully sequenced genome of Aquilegia coerulea. Phylogenetic analyses combined with the identification of conserved amino acid motifs suggest that six paralogous genes of class I TCP transcription factors were present in the common ancestor of angiosperms. We highlight independent duplications in core eudicots and Ranunculales within the class I and class II subfamilies, resulting in different numbers of paralogs within the main subclasses of TCP genes. This has most probably major consequences on the functional diversification of these genes in different plant clades. The expression patterns of TCP genes in Nigella damascena were consistent with the general suggestion that CIN and class I TCP genes may have redundant roles or take part in same pathways, while CYC/TB1 genes have more specific actions. Our findings open the way for future studies at the tissue level, and for investigating redundancy and subfunctionalisation in TCP genes and their role in the evolution of morphological novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Damerval
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carmine Claudot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Le Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia Conde e Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - José Caius
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Yves Deveaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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Zhang YX, Niu YQ, Wang XF, Wang ZH, Wang ML, Yang J, Wang YG, Zhang WJ, Song ZP, Li LF. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the shade-grown species Panax ginseng to variable light conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:749-762. [PMID: 35961674 PMCID: PMC9670753 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elucidating how plant species respond to variable light conditions is important to understand the ecological adaptation to heterogeneous natural habitats. Plant performance and its underlying gene regulatory network have been well documented in sun-grown plants. However, the phenotypic and molecular responses of shade-grown plants under variable light conditions have remained largely unclear. METHODS We assessed the differences in phenotypic performance between Panax ginseng (shade-grown) and Arabidopsis thaliana (sun-grown) under sunlight, shade and deep-shade conditions. To further address the molecular bases underpinning the phenotypic responses, we compared time-course transcriptomic expression profiling and candidate gene structures between the two species. KEY RESULTS Our results show that, compared with arabidopsis, ginseng plants not only possess a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity among the three light conditions, but also exhibit higher photosynthetic efficiency under shade and deep-shade conditions. Further comparisons of the gene expression and structure reveal that differential transcriptional regulation together with increased copy number of photosynthesis-related genes (e.g. electron transfer and carbon fixation) may improve the photosynthetic efficiency of ginseng plants under the two shade conditions. In contrast, the inactivation of phytochrome-interacting factors (i.e. absent and no upregulation of the PIF genes) are potentially associated with the observed low degree of phenotypic plasticity of ginseng plants under variable light conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into how shade-grown plants respond to variable light conditions. Candidate genes related to shade adaptation in ginseng provide valuable genetic resources for future molecular breeding of high-density planting crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu-Qian Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meng-Li Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu-Guo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen-Ju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin-Feng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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18
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Spears BJ, McInturf SA, Collins C, Chlebowski M, Cseke LJ, Su J, Mendoza-Cózatl DG, Gassmann W. Class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 modulates key brassinosteroid-responsive genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1457-1473. [PMID: 35866682 PMCID: PMC9516767 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor family is most closely associated with regulating plant developmental programs. Recently, TCPs were also shown to mediate host immune signaling, both as targets of pathogen virulence factors and as regulators of plant defense genes. However, comprehensive characterization of TCP gene targets is still lacking. Loss of function of the class I TCP gene AtTCP8 attenuates early immune signaling and, when combined with mutations in AtTCP14 and AtTCP15, additional layers of defense signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we focus on TCP8, the most poorly characterized of the three to date. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing to identify TCP8-bound gene promoters and differentially regulated genes in the tcp8 mutant; these datasets were heavily enriched in signaling components for multiple phytohormone pathways, including brassinosteroids (BRs), auxin, and jasmonic acid. Using BR signaling as a representative example, we showed that TCP8 directly binds and activates the promoters of the key BR transcriptional regulatory genes BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT2 (BZR2/BES1). Furthermore, tcp8 mutant seedlings exhibited altered BR-responsive growth patterns and complementary reductions in BZR2 transcript levels, while TCP8 protein demonstrated BR-responsive changes in subnuclear localization and transcriptional activity. We conclude that one explanation for the substantial targeting of TCP8 alongside other TCP family members by pathogen effectors may lie in its role as a modulator of BR and other plant hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel A McInturf
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Carina Collins
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Meghann Chlebowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Leland J Cseke
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianbin Su
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David G Mendoza-Cózatl
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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19
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Bian Y, Chu L, Lin H, Qi Y, Fang Z, Xu D. PIFs- and COP1-HY5-mediated temperature signaling in higher plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:35. [PMID: 37676326 PMCID: PMC10441884 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to cope with the surrounding changing environmental stimuli to optimize their physiological and developmental response throughout their entire life cycle. Light and temperature are two critical environmental cues that fluctuate greatly during day-night cycles and seasonal changes. These two external signals coordinately control the plant growth and development. Distinct spectrum of light signals are perceived by a group of wavelength-specific photoreceptors in plants. PIFs and COP1-HY5 are two predominant signaling hubs that control the expression of a large number of light-responsive genes and subsequent light-mediated development in plants. In parallel, plants also transmit low or warm temperature signals to these two regulatory modules that precisely modulate the responsiveness of low or warm temperatures. The core component of circadian clock ELF3 integrates signals from light and warm temperatures to regulate physiological and developmental processes in plants. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances and progresses on PIFs-, COP1-HY5- and ELF3-mediated light, low or warm temperature signaling, and highlight emerging insights regarding the interactions between light and low or warm temperature signal transduction pathways in the control of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Boonrod K, Strohmayer A, Schwarz T, Braun M, Tropf T, Krczal G. Beyond Destabilizing Activity of SAP11-like Effector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali Strain PM19. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071406. [PMID: 35889125 PMCID: PMC9317525 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown that the SAP11 effector of different Candidatus Phytoplasma can destabilize some TEOSINE BRANCHES/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORs (TCPs), resulting in plant phenotypes such as witches’ broom and crinkled leaves. Some SAP11 exclusively localize in the nucleus, while the others localize in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The SAP11-like effector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali strain PM19 (SAP11PM19) localizes in both compartments of plant cells. We show here that SAP11PM19 can destabilize TCPs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. However, expression of SAP11PM19 exclusively in the nucleus resulted in the disappearance of leaf phenotypes while still showing the witches’ broom phenotype. Moreover, we show that SAP11PM19 can not only destabilize TCPs but also relocalizes these proteins in the nucleus. Interestingly, three different transgenic Nicotiana species expressing SAP11PM19 show all the same witches’ broom phenotype but different leaf phenotypes. A possible mechanism of SAP11-TCP interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajohn Boonrod
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6321-671-1333; Fax: +49-6321-671-1313
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Xu Y, Wang L, Liu H, He W, Jiang N, Wu M, Xiang Y. Identification of TCP family in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and salt tolerance analysis of PheTCP9 in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2022; 256:5. [PMID: 35670871 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioinformatic analysis of moso bamboo TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors reveals their conservation and variation as well as the probable biological functions in abiotic stress response. Overexpressing PheTCP9 in Arabidopsis thaliana illustrates it may exhibit a new vision in different aspects of response to salt stress. Plant specific TCPs play important roles in plant growth, development and stress response, but studies of TCP in moso bamboo are limited. Therefore, in this study, a total of 40 TCP genes (PheTCP1 ~ 40) were identified and characterized from moso bamboo genome and divided into three different subfamilies, namely, 7 in TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 / CYCLOIDEA (TB1/CYC), 14 in CINCINNATA (CIN) and 19 in PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (PCF). Subsequently, we analyzed the gene structures and conserved domain of these genes and found that the members from the same subfamilies exhibited similar exon/intron distribution patterns. Selection pressure and gene duplication analysis results indicated that PheTCP genes underwent strong purification selection during evolution. There were many cis-elements related to phytohermone and stress responsive existing in the upstream promoter regions of PheTCP genes, such as ABRE, CGTCA-motif and ARE. Subcellular localization experiments showed that PheTCP9 was a nuclear localized protein. As shown by β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, the promoter of PheTCP9 was significantly indicated by salt stress. PheTCP9 was significantly induced in the roots, stems and leaves of moso bamboo. It was also significantly induced by NaCl solution. Overexpressing PheTCP9 increased the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly lower in PheTCP9 over expression (OE) transgenic Arabidopsis than WT. Catalase (CAT) activity, K+/Na+ ratio as well as CAT2 expression level was also much improved in transgenic Arabidopsis than WT under salt conditions. In addition, PheTCP9 OE transgenic Arabidopsis held higher survival rates of seedlings than WT under NaCl conditions. These results showed the positive regulation functions of PheTCP9 in plants under salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzeng Xu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wei He
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Nianqin Jiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Min Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Shi Y, Ke X, Yang X, Liu Y, Hou X. Plants response to light stress. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:735-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rath M, Challa KR, Sarvepalli K, Nath U. CINCINNATA-Like TCP Transcription Factors in Cell Growth - An Expanding Portfolio. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825341. [PMID: 35273626 PMCID: PMC8902296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-mitotic cell growth is a key process in plant growth and development. Cell expansion drives major growth during morphogenesis and is influenced by both endogenous factors and environmental stimuli. Though both isotropic and anisotropic cell growth can contribute to organ size and shape at different degrees, anisotropic cell growth is more likely to contribute to shape change. While much is known about the mechanisms that increase cellular turgor and cell-wall biomass during expansion, the genetic factors that regulate these processes are less studied. In the past quarter of a century, the role of the CINCINNATA-like TCP (CIN-TCP) transcription factors has been well documented in regulating diverse aspects of plant growth and development including flower asymmetry, plant architecture, leaf morphogenesis, and plant maturation. The molecular activity of the CIN-TCP proteins common to these biological processes has been identified as their ability to suppress cell proliferation. However, reports on their role regulating post-mitotic cell growth have been scanty, partly because of functional redundancy among them. In addition, it is difficult to tease out the effect of gene activity on cell division and expansion since these two processes are linked by compensation, a phenomenon where perturbation in proliferation is compensated by an opposite effect on cell growth to keep the final organ size relatively unaltered. Despite these technical limitations, recent genetic and growth kinematic studies have shown a distinct role of CIN-TCPs in promoting cellular growth in cotyledons and hypocotyls, the embryonic organs that grow solely by cell expansion. In this review, we highlight these recent advances in our understanding of how CIN-TCPs promote cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisha Rath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Utpal Nath,
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Lin F, Cao J, Yuan J, Liang Y, Li J. Integration of Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling during Seedling Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12971. [PMID: 34884771 PMCID: PMC8657978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are external stimuli and internal cue respectively, that both play critical roles in a wide range of developmental and physiological process. Seedlings grown in the light exhibit photomorphogenesis, while BR promotes seedling etiolation. Light and BR oppositely control the development switch from shotomorphogenesis in the dark to photomorphogenesis in the light. Recent progress report that substantial components have been identified as hubs to integrate light and BR signals. Photomorphogenic repressors including COP1, PIFs, and AGB1 have been reported to elevate BR response, while photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, BZS1, and NF-YCs have been proven to repress BR signal. In addition, BR components also modulate light signal. Here, we review the current research on signaling network associated with light and brassinosteroids, with a focus on the integration of light and BR signals enabling plants to thrive in the changeable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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25
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BpTCP3 Transcription Factor Improves Salt Tolerance of Betula platyphylla by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species Damage. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific transcription factors TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLO IDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR1 (TCP) act as developmental regulators that have many roles in the growth and development processes throughout the entire life span of plants. TCP transcription factors are responsive to endogenous and environmental signals, such as salt stress. However, studies on the role of the TCP genes in salt stress response have rarely focused on woody plants, especially forest trees. In this study, the BpTCP3 gene, a CYC/TB1 subfamily member, isolated from Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, was significantly influenced by salt stress. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining analysis of transgenic B. platyphylla harboring the BpTCP3 promoter fused to the reporter gene GUS (pBpTCP3::GUS) further confirmed that the BpTCP3 gene acts a positive regulatory position in salt stress. Under salt stress, we found that the BpTCP3 overexpressed lines had increased relative/absolute high growth but decreased salt damage index, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels versus wild-type (WT) plants. Conversely, the BpTCP3 suppressed lines exhibited sensitivity to salt stress. These results indicate that the BpTCP3 transcription factor improves the salt tolerance of B. platyphylla by reducing reactive oxygen species damage, which provides useful clues for the functions of the CYC/TB1 subfamily gene in the salt stress response of B. platyphylla.
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Ubiquitin-specific proteases UBP12 and UBP13 promote shade avoidance response by enhancing PIF7 stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103633118. [PMID: 34732572 PMCID: PMC8609341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103633118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For plants grown in a crowded environment, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7) plays a critical role by initiating a series of adaptive growth responses. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to transcription activity and subcellular localization, the PIF7 protein level, which is stringently regulated, is also important for shade avoidance responses. We identified two ubiquitin-specific proteases, UBP12 and UBP13, which positively regulate rapid plant growth in response to shade light. These two ubiquitin proteases directly interact with PIF7 and protect the latter from destruction by 26S proteasomes. The dynamic changes of PIF7 abundance regulated by UBP12 and UBP13 provide insight into the roles of posttranslational modifications of PIF7 in integrating environmental changes with endogenous responses. Changes in light quality caused by the presence of neighbor proximity regulate many growth and development processes of plants. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7), whose subcellular localization, DNA-binding properties, and protein abundance are regulated in a photoreversible manner, plays a central role in linking shade light perception and growth responses. How PIF7 activity is regulated during shade avoidance responses has been well studied, and many factors involved in this process have been identified. However, the detailed molecular mechanism by which shade light regulates the PIF7 protein level is still largely unknown. Here, we show that the PIF7 protein level regulation is important for shade-induced growth. Two ubiquitin-specific proteases, UBP12 and UBP13, were identified as positive regulators in shade avoidance responses by increasing the PIF7 protein level. The ubp12-2w/13–3 double mutant displayed significantly impaired sensitivity to shade-induced cell elongation and reproduction acceleration. Our genetic and biochemical analysis showed that UBP12 and UBP13 act downstream of phyB and directly interact with PIF7 to maintain PIF7 stability and abundance through deubiquitination.
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Ma Y, Wolf S, Lohmann JU. Casting the Net-Connecting Auxin Signaling to the Plant Genome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040006. [PMID: 33903151 PMCID: PMC8559546 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin represents one of the most potent and most versatile hormonal signals in the plant kingdom. Built on a simple core of only a few dedicated components, the auxin signaling system plays important roles for diverse aspects of plant development, physiology, and defense. Key to the diversity of context-dependent functional outputs generated by cells in response to this small molecule are gene duplication events and sub-functionalization of signaling components on the one hand, and a deep embedding of the auxin signaling system into complex regulatory networks on the other hand. Together, these evolutionary innovations provide the mechanisms to allow each cell to display a highly specific auxin response that suits its individual requirements. In this review, we discuss the regulatory networks connecting auxin with a large number of diverse pathways at all relevant levels of the signaling system ranging from biosynthesis to transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Cell Wall Signalling Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Xu Y, Liu H, Gao Y, Xiong R, Wu M, Zhang K, Xiang Y. The TCP transcription factor PeTCP10 modulates salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1971-1987. [PMID: 34392380 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PeTCP10 can be induced by salt stresses and play important regulation roles in salt stresses response in transgenic Arabidopsis. Salt stress is one of the major adverse environmental factors that affect normal plant development and growth. PeTCP10, a Class I TCP member, was markedly expressed in moso bamboo mature leaf, root and stem under normal conditions and also induced by salt stress. Overexpressed PeTCP10 was found to enhance salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis at the vegetative growth stage. It was also found capable to increase relative water content, while decreasing relative electrolyte leakage and Na+ accumulation of transgenic Arabidopsis versus wild-type (WT) plants at high-salt conditions. In addition, it improved antioxidant capacity of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by promoting catalase activity and enhanced their H2O2 tolerance. In contrast to WT plants, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that multiple genes related to abscisic acid, salt and H2O2 response were induced after NaCl treatment in transgenic plants. Meanwhile, overexpressed PeTCP10 improved the tolerance of abscisic acid. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay results showed that PeTCP10 is able to directly activate the expression of BT2 in transgenic plants. In contrary, the germination rates of transgenic plants were significantly lower than those of WT plants under high-NaCl conditions. Both primary root length and survival rate at the seedling stage are also found lower in transgenic plants than in WT plants. It is concluded that overexpressed PeTCP10 enhances salt stress tolerance of transgenic plants at the vegetative growth stage, and it also improves salt sensitiveness in both germination and seedling stages. These research results will contribute to further understand the functions of TCPs in abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzeng Xu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huanlong Liu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yameng Gao
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Min Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kaimei Zhang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Hu L, Liu P, Jin Z, Sun J, Weng Y, Chen P, Du S, Wei A, Li Y. A mutation in CsHY2 encoding a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase leads to an elongated hypocotyl 1(elh1) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2639-2652. [PMID: 34091695 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elongated hypocotyl1 (elh1) mutant in cucumber is due to a mutation in CsHY2, which is a homolog of the Arabidopsis HY2 encoding the phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase for phytochrome biosynthesis Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant in establishing high quality seedlings for successful cucumber production, but knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth in cucumber is very limited. Here, we reported identification and characterization of a cucumber elongated hypocotyl 1 (elh1) mutant. We found that the longer hypocotyl in elh1 was due to longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. With fine mapping, the elh1 locus was delimited to a 20.9-kb region containing three annotated genes; only one polymorphism was identified in this region between two parental lines, which was a non-synonymous SNP (G28153633A) in the third exon of CsHY2 (CsGy1G030000) that encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase. Uniqueness of the mutant allele at CsHY2 was verified in natural cucumber populations. Ectopic expression of CsHY2 in Arabidopsis hy2-1 long-hypocotyl mutant led to reduced hypocotyl length. The PΦB protein was targeted to the chloroplast. The expression levels of CsHY2 and five phytochrome genes CsPHYA1, CsPHYA2, CsPHYB, CsPHYC and CsPHYE were all significantly down-regulated while several cell elongation related genes were up-regulated in elh1 mutant compared to wild-type cucumber, which are correlated with dynamic hypocotyl elongation in the mutant. RNA-seq analysis in the WT and mutant revealed differentially expressed genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolisms, cell elongation and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This is the first report to characterize and clone the CsHY2 gene in cucumber. This work reveals the important of CsHY2 in regulating hypocotyl length and extends our understanding of the roles of CsHY2 in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoshuai Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi,, China
| | - Shengli Du
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Aimin Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Menendez YC, Sanchez DH, Snowdon RJ, Rondanini DP, Botto JF. Unraveling the impact on agronomic traits of the genetic architecture underlying plant-density responses in canola. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5426-5441. [PMID: 33940608 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant density defines vegetative architecture and the competition for light between individuals. Brassica napus (canola, rapeseed) presents a radically different plant architecture compared to traditional crops commonly cultivated at high density, and can act as a model system of indeterminate growth. Using a panel of 152 spring-type accessions and a double-haploid population of 99 lines from a cross between the cultivars Lynx and Monty, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for 12 growth and yield traits at two contrasting plant densities of 15 and 60 plants m-2. The most significant associations were found for time to flowering, biomass at harvest, plant height, silique and seed numbers, and seed yield. These were generally independent of plant density, but some density-dependent associations were found in low-density populations. RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis revealed distinctive latent gene-regulatory responses to simulated shade between Lynx and Monty. Having identified candidate genes within the canola QTLs, we further examined their influence on density responses in Arabidopsis lines mutated in certain homologous genes. The results suggested that TCP1 might promote growth independently of plant density, while HY5 could increase biomass and seed yield specifically at high plant density. For flowering time, the results suggested that PIN genes might accelerate flowering in plant a density-dependent manner whilst FT, HY5, and TCP1 might accelerate it in a density-independent. This work highlights the advantages of using agronomic field experiments together with genetic and transcriptomic approaches to decipher quantitative complex traits that potentially mediate improved crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica C Menendez
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H Sanchez
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Av. Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Deborah P Rondanini
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Av. Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier F Botto
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Av. Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kim Y, Kim SH, Shin DM, Kim SH. ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 Negatively Modulates Pollen Production and Seed Formation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704958. [PMID: 34386030 PMCID: PMC8353282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 (AIF2) is a non-DNA-binding basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor. Here, we demonstrate that AIF2 negatively modulates brassinosteroid (BR)-induced, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1)-mediated pollen and seed formation. AIF2-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants (AIF2ox) showed defective pollen grains and seed production while two AIF2 knockout mutants, aif2-1 and aif2-1/aif4-1, displayed opposite phenotypes. Genes encoding BZR1-regulated positive factors of seed size determination (SHB1, IKU1, MINI3) were suppressed in AIF2ox and genes for negative factors (AP2 and ARF2) were enhanced. Surprisingly, BZR1-regulated pollen genes such as SPL, MS1, and TDF1 were aberrantly up-regulated in AIF2ox plants. This stage-independent abnormal expression may lead to a retarded and defective progression of microsporogenesis, producing abnormal tetrad microspores and pollen grains with less-effective pollen tube germination. Auxin plays important roles in proper development of flower and seeds: genes for auxin biosynthesis such as TCPs and YUCCAs as well as for positive auxin signalling such as ARFs were suppressed in AIF2ox flowers. Moreover, lipid biosynthesis- and sucrose transport-related genes were repressed, resulting in impaired starch accumulation. Contrarily, sucrose and BR repressed ectopic accumulation of AIF2, thereby increasing silique length and the number of seeds. Taken together, we propose that AIF2 is negatively involved in pollen development and seed formation, and that sucrose- and BR-induced repression of AIF2 positively promotes pollen production and seed formation in Arabidopsis.
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Wei X, Yang J, Lei D, Feng H, Yang Z, Wen G, He Z, Zeng W, Zou J. The SlTCP26 promoting lateral branches development in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1115-1126. [PMID: 33758995 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The SlTCP26 negatively regulated auxin signal to relieve the apical dominance and suppressed abscisic acid signal to remove the lateral bud dormancy, promoting lateral branches development. Lateral branches formation from lateral buds is a complex regulatory process in higher plants, and the interaction between transcription factors and hormones is indispensable during this process. TCP transcription factors have been reported to regulate lateral branches development, while the detailed function, especially interacting with auxin and ABA during this process, was still ambiguous in tomato. In this study, a branch regulatory gene, SlTCP26, was identified in tomato, and its role along with its interaction to hormones during branch development, as investigated. The results indicated that overexpression of SlTCP26 would promote lateral branches development, and could suppress the expressing of the genes associated with IAA signaling, presenting similar effects in decapitated plants. Conversely, the exogenous IAA application could inhibit the expression of SlTCP26. Furthermore, the expressing of the ABA signaling-related genes was inhibited in SlTCP26 overexpressed tomato, similar to that in decapitated tomato. Our findings suggested that SlTCP26 may be a crucial adjuster for synergistic action between ABA and IAA signals during the development of lateral branches, and it could promote the lateral buds grow into lateral shoots, via inhibiting IAA signal to relieve the apical dominance and suppressing ABA signal to remove the lateral bud dormancy. Our study provided some insights for the development of tomato lateral branches to understand the apical dominance regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Dou Lei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuoyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Y, Jafari F, Wang H. Integration of light and hormone signaling pathways in the regulation of plant shade avoidance syndrome. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:131-145. [PMID: 36304753 PMCID: PMC9590540 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are unable to move or escape from their neighboring competitors under high-density planting conditions. Instead, they have evolved the ability to sense changes in light quantity and quality (such as a reduction in photoactive radiation and drop in red/far-red light ratios) and evoke a suite of adaptative responses (such as stem elongation, reduced branching, hyponastic leaf orientation, early flowering and accelerated senescence) collectively termed shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in identifying the various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components implicated in regulating SAS, and in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms, based on extensive molecular genetic studies with the model dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, an emerging synthesis of the field is that light signaling integrates with the signaling pathways of various phytohormones to coordinately regulate different aspects of SAS. In this review, we present a brief summary of the various cross-talks between light and hormone signaling in regulating SAS. We also present a perspective of manipulating SAS to tailor crop architecture for breeding high-density tolerant crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Ahres M, Pálmai T, Gierczik K, Dobrev P, Vanková R, Galiba G. The Impact of Far-Red Light Supplementation on Hormonal Responses to Cold Acclimation in Barley. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030450. [PMID: 33802867 PMCID: PMC8002655 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold acclimation, the necessary prerequisite for promotion of freezing tolerance, is affected by both low temperature and enhanced far-red/red light (FR/R) ratio. The impact of FR supplementation to white light, created by artificial LED light sources, on the hormone levels, metabolism, and expression of the key hormone metabolism-related genes was determined in winter barley at moderate (15 °C) and low (5 °C) temperature. FR-enhanced freezing tolerance at 15 °C was associated with promotion of abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and accompanied by a moderate increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cis-zeatin levels. The most prominent impact on the plants’ freezing tolerance was found after FR pre-treatment at 15 °C (for 10 days) followed by cold treatment at FR supplementation (7 days). The response of ABA was diminished in comparison with white light treatment, probably due to the elevation of stress tolerance during FR pre-treatment. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were transiently reduced. When the plants were exposed directly to a combination of cold (5 °C) and FR supplementation, ABA increase was higher than in white light, and was associated with enhanced elevation of JA and, in the longer term (after 7 days), with IAA and cis-zeatin increase, which indicates a stronger stress response and better acclimation. Cold hardening was more efficient when FR light was applied in the early developmental stage of the barley plants (three-leaf stage, 18 days), rather than in later stages (28-days). The dynamics of the phytohormone changes are well supported by the expression profiles of the key hormone metabolism-related genes. This series of treatments serves as evidence for the close relationship between plant hormones, light quality, and low temperature at the beginning of cold acclimation. Besides the timing of the FR treatments, plant age also represents a key factor during light spectrum-dependent cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahres
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (K.G.); (G.G.)
- Department of Environmental Sustainability, Festetics Doctoral School, IES, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Tamás Pálmai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (K.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Krisztián Gierczik
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (K.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (K.G.); (G.G.)
- Department of Environmental Sustainability, Festetics Doctoral School, IES, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary
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Yu H, Zhang L, Wang W, Tian P, Wang W, Wang K, Gao Z, Liu S, Zhang Y, Irish VF, Huang T. TCP5 controls leaf margin development by regulating KNOX and BEL-like transcription factors in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1809-1821. [PMID: 33258902 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of leaf margins is an important process in leaf morphogenesis. CIN-clade TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) transcription factors are known to have redundant roles in specifying leaf margins, but the specific mechanisms through which individual TCP genes function remain elusive. In this study, we report that the CIN-TCP gene TCP5 is involved in repressing the initiation and outgrowth of leaf serrations by activating two key regulators of margin development, the Class II KNOX factor KNAT3 and BEL-like SAW1. Specifically, TCP5 directly promotes the transcription of KNAT3 and indirectly activates the expression of SAW1. We also show that TCP5 regulates KNAT3 and SAW1 in a temporal- and spatial- specific manner that is largely in accordance with the progress of formation of serrations. This regulation might serve as a key mechanism in patterning margin morphogenesis and in sculpting the final form of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Peng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Vivian F Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
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Zhang L, Luo P, Bai J, Wu L, Di DW, Liu HQ, Li JJ, Liu YL, Khaskheli AJ, Zhao CM, Guo GQ. Function of histone H2B monoubiquitination in transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:206. [PMID: 33589721 PMCID: PMC7884795 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The auxin IAA is a vital plant hormone in controlling growth and development, but our knowledge about its complicated biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulation are still limited and fragmentary. cytokinin induced root waving 2 (ckrw2) was isolated as one of the auxin-deficient mutants in a large-scale forward genetic screen aiming to find more genes functioning in auxin homeostasis and/or its regulation. Here we show that CKRW2 is identical to Histone Monoubiquitination 1 (HUB1), a gene encoding an E3 ligase required for histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) in Arabidopsis. In addition to pleiotropic defects in growth and development, loss of CKRW2/HUB1 function also led to typical auxin-deficient phenotypes in roots, which was associated with significantly lower expression levels of several functional auxin synthetic genes, namely TRP2/TSB1, WEI7/ASB1, YUC7 and AMI1. Corresponding defects in H2Bub1 were detected in the coding regions of these genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, indicating the involvement of H2Bub1 in regulating auxin biosynthesis. Importantly, application of exogenous cytokinin (CK) could stimulate CKRW2/HUB1 expression, providing an epigenetic avenue for CK to regulate the auxin homeostasis. Our results reveal a previously unknown mechanism for regulating auxin biosynthesis via HUB1/2-mediated H2Bub1 at the chromatin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Pan Luo
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qing Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Allah Jurio Khaskheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Guang-Qin Guo
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China.
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Ferrero LV, Gastaldi V, Ariel FD, Viola IL, Gonzalez DH. Class I TCP proteins TCP14 and TCP15 are required for elongation and gene expression responses to auxin. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:147-159. [PMID: 32935297 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two class I TCP transcription factors are required for an efficient elongation of hypocotyls in response to auxin and for the correct expression of a subset of auxin-inducible genes In this work, we analyzed the response to auxin of plants with altered function of the class I TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF (TCP) transcription factors TCP14 and TCP15. Several SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) genes showed decreased expression in mutant plants defective in these TCPs after an increase in ambient temperature to 29 °C, a condition that causes an increase in endogenous auxin levels. Overexpression of SAUR63 caused a more pronounced elongation response in the mutant than in the wild-type at 29 °C, suggesting that the decreased expression of SAUR genes is partly responsible for the defective elongation at warm temperature. Notably, several SAUR genes and the auxin response gene IAA19 also showed reduced expression in the mutant after auxin treatment, while the expression of other SAUR genes and of IAA29 was not affected or was even higher. Expression of the auxin reporter DR5::GUS was also higher in a tcp15 mutant than in a wild-type background after auxin treatment. However, the elongation of hypocotyls in response to auxin was impaired in the mutant. Remarkably, a significant proportion of auxin inducible genes and of targets of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 are regulated by TCP15 and often contain putative TCP recognition motifs in their promoters. Furthermore, we demonstrated that several among them are recognized by TCP15 in vivo. Our results indicate that TCP14 and TCP15 are required for an efficient elongation response to auxin, most likely by regulating a subset of auxin inducible genes related to cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia V Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe. Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168 km 0, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Victoria Gastaldi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe. Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168 km 0, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico D Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe. Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168 km 0, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ivana L Viola
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe. Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168 km 0, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe. Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168 km 0, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Zhao M, Peng X, Chen N, Shen S. Genome-Wide Identification of the TCP Gene Family in Broussonetia papyrifera and Functional Analysis of BpTCP8, 14 and 19 in Shoot Branching. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101301. [PMID: 33019650 PMCID: PMC7650637 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific TCP family proteins play an important role in the processes of plant growth and development. Broussonetia papyrifera is a versatile perennial deciduous tree, and its genome data have been published. However, no comprehensive analysis of the TCP gene family in B. papyrifera has been undertaken. In this study, 20 BpTCP genes (BpTCPs) were identified in the B. papyrifera genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided BpTCPs into three subclades, the PCF subclade, the CIN subclade and the CYC/TB1 subclade. Gene structure analysis displayed that all BpTCPs except BpTCP19 contained one coding region. Conserved motif analysis showed that BpTCP proteins in the same subclade possessed similar motif structures. Segmental duplication was the primary driving force for the expansion of BpTCPs. Expression patterns showed that BpTCPs may play diverse biological functions in organ or tissue development. Transcriptional activation activity analysis of BpTCP8, BpTCP14 and BpTCP19 showed that they possessed transcriptional activation ability. The ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis wild-type and AtBRC1 ortholog mutant showed that BpTCP8, BpTCP14 and BpTCP19 could prevent rosette branch outgrowth. Collectively, our study not only established the first genome-wide analysis of the B. papyrifera TCP gene family, but also provided valuable information for understanding the function of BpTCPs in shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (M.Z.); (X.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianjun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (M.Z.); (X.P.)
| | - Naizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (M.Z.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-010-62836590 (N.C.); +86-010-62836545 (S.S.)
| | - Shihua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (M.Z.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-010-62836590 (N.C.); +86-010-62836545 (S.S.)
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Yin H, Li M, Lv M, Hepworth SR, Li D, Ma C, Li J, Wang SM. SAUR15 Promotes Lateral and Adventitious Root Development via Activating H +-ATPases and Auxin Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:837-851. [PMID: 32651188 PMCID: PMC7536663 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SMALL AUXIN-UP RNAs (SAURs) comprise the largest family of early auxin response genes. Some SAURs have been reported to play important roles in plant growth and development, but their functional relationships with auxin signaling remain unestablished. Here, we report Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SAUR15 acts downstream of the auxin response factors ARF6,8 and ARF7,19 to regulate auxin signaling-mediated lateral root (LR) and adventitious root (AR) formation. The loss-of-function mutant saur15-1 exhibits fewer LRs and ARs. By contrast, plants overexpressing SAUR15 exhibit more LRs and ARs. We find that the SAUR15 promoter contains four tandem auxin-responsive elements, which are directly bound by ARF6 and ARF7 and are essential for SAUR15 expression. LR and AR impairment in arf6 and arf7 mutants is partially reduced by ectopic expression of SAUR15 Additionally, we demonstrate that the ARF6,7-upregulated SAUR15 promotes LR and AR development using two mechanisms. On the one hand, SAUR15 interacts with PP2C-D subfamily type 2C protein phosphatases to inhibit their activities, thereby stimulating plasma membrane H+-ATPases, which drives cell expansion and facilitates LR and AR formation. On the other hand, SAUR15 promotes auxin accumulation, potentially by inducing the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes. A resulting increase in free auxin concentration likely triggers LR and AR formation, forming a feedback loop. Our study provides insights and a better understanding of how SAURs function at the molecular level in regulating auxin-mediated LR and AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shelley R Hepworth
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dingding Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Chen HW, Lee PL, Wang CN, Hsu HJ, Chen JC. Silencing of PhLA, a CIN-TCP gene, causes defected petal conical epidermal cell formation and results in reflexed corolla lobes in petunia. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32940820 PMCID: PMC7498528 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TCP-domain proteins, plant specific transcription factors, play important roles in various developmental processes. CIN-TCPs control leaf curvature in simple leaf species while regulate leaf complexity in compound leaf species. However, the knowledge was largely based on findings in few model species. To extend our knowledge on this group of proteins in Solanaceae species, we identified a CIN-TCP gene from petunia, and studied its functions using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). RESULTS Consistently, silencing of CIN-TCPs increases complexity of tomato leaves, and enhances leaf curvature in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, in petunia (Petunia hybrida), silencing of petunia LA, a CIN-TCP, through VIGS did not obviously affect leaf shape. The silencing, however, enhanced petal curvature. The event was associated with petal expansion at the distal portion where epidermal cell size along the midribs was also increased. The enlarged epidermal cells became flattened. Although shapes of PhLA-silenced flowers largely resemble phmyb1 mutant phenotype, PhMYB1 expression was not affected when PhLA was specifically silenced. Therefore, both PhLA and PhMYB1 are required to regulate flower morphology. In corolla, PhLA and miR319 deferentially express in different regions with strong expressions in limb and tube region respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, unlike LA-like genes in tomato and N. benthamiana, PhLA plays a more defined role in flower morphogenesis, including petal curvature and epidermal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wei Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Lun Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Neng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ju Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124498. [PMID: 32599902 PMCID: PMC7349945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) family proteins are the plant-specific transcription factors extensively participating in diverse developmental processes by integrating external cues with internal signals. The roles of CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TCPs are conserved in control of the morphology and size of leaves, petal development, trichome formation and plant flowering. The tight regulation of CIN-like TCP activity at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are central for plant developmental plasticity in response to the ever-changing environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progresses with regard to the function and regulation of CIN-like TCPs. CIN-like TCPs are regulated by abiotic and biotic cues including light, temperature and pathogens. They are also finely controlled by microRNA319 (miRNA319), chromatin remodeling complexes and auxin homeostasis. The protein degradation plays critical roles in tightly controlling the activity of CIN-like TCPs as well.
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Schwarz B, Azodi CB, Shiu SH, Bauer P. Putative cis-Regulatory Elements Predict Iron Deficiency Responses in Arabidopsis Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1420-1439. [PMID: 31937681 PMCID: PMC7054882 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant iron deficiency (-Fe) activates a complex regulatory network that coordinates root Fe uptake and distribution to sink tissues. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), FER-LIKE FE DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF), regulates root Fe acquisition genes. Many other -Fe-induced genes are FIT independent, and instead regulated by other bHLH TFs and by yet unknown TFs. The cis-regulatory code, that is, the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and their combinations that regulate plant -Fe-responses, remains largely elusive. Using Arabidopsis root transcriptome data and coexpression clustering, we identified over 100 putative CREs (pCREs) that predicted -Fe-induced gene expression in computational models. To assess pCRE properties and possible functions, we used large-scale in vitro TF binding data, positional bias, and evolutionary conservation. As one example, our approach uncovered pCREs resembling IDE1 (iron deficiency-responsive element 1), a known grass -Fe response CRE. Arabidopsis IDE1-likes were associated with FIT-dependent gene expression, more specifically with biosynthesis of Fe-chelating compounds. Thus, IDE1 seems to be conserved in grass and nongrass species. Our pCREs matched among others in vitro binding sites of B3, NAC, bZIP, and TCP TFs, which might be regulators of -Fe responses. Altogether, our findings provide a comprehensive source of cis-regulatory information for -Fe-responsive genes that advance our mechanistic understanding and inform future efforts in engineering plants with more efficient Fe uptake or transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Schwarz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Christina B Azodi
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- DOE-Great Lake Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- DOE-Great Lake Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Computational, Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
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Wang X, Gao X, Liu Y, Fan S, Ma Q. Progress of Research on the Regulatory Pathway of the Plant Shade-Avoidance Syndrome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 32351535 PMCID: PMC7174782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When subject to vegetational shading, shade-avoiding plants detect neighbors by perceiving reduced light quantity and altered light quality. The former includes decreases in the ratio of red to far-red wavelengths (low R:FR) and low blue light ratio (LBL) predominantly detected by phytochromes and cryptochromes, respectively. By integrating multiple signals, plants generate a suite of responses, such as elongation of a variety of organs, accelerated flowering, and reduced branching, which are collectively termed the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). To trigger the SAS, interactions between photoreceptors and phytochrome-interacting factors are the general switch for activation of downstream signaling pathways. A number of transcription factor families and phytohormones, especially auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, and brassinosteroids, are involved in the SAS processes. In this review, shade signals, the major photoreceptors involved, and the phenotypic characteristics of the shade-intolerant plant Arabidopsis thaliana are described in detail. In addition, integration of the signaling mechanisms that link photoreceptors with multiple hormone signaling pathways is presented and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xinqiang Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Fan, ; Qifeng Ma,
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Fan, ; Qifeng Ma,
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Zhang G, Zhao H, Zhang C, Li X, Lyu Y, Qi D, Cui Y, Hu L, Wang Z, Liang Z, Cui S. TCP7 functions redundantly with several Class I TCPs and regulates endoreplication in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:1151-1170. [PMID: 30474211 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) proteins, a family of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in many developmental processes. However, genetic and functional redundancy among class I TCP limits the analysis of their biological roles. Here, we identified a dominant-negative mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP7 named leaf curling-upward (lcu), which exhibits smaller leaf cells and shorter hypocotyls than the wild type, due to defective endoreplication. A septuple loss-of-function mutant of TCP7, TCP8, TCP14, TCP15, TCP21, TCP22, and TCP23 displayed similar developmental defects to those of lcu. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing showed that lcu and the septuple mutant share many misexpressed genes. Intriguingly, TCP7 directly targets the CYCLIN D1;1 (CYCD1;1) locus and activates its transcription. We determined that the C-terminus of TCP7 accounts for its transcriptional activation activity. Furthermore, the mutant protein LCU exhibited reduced transcriptional activation activity due to the introduction of an EAR-like repressive domain at its C-terminus. Together, these observations indicate that TCP7 plays important roles during leaf and hypocotyl development, redundantly, with at least six class I TCPs, and regulates the expression of CYCD1;1 to affect endoreplication in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Chunguang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lyu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Sujuan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
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Liu MM, Wang MM, Yang J, Wen J, Guo PC, Wu YW, Ke YZ, Li PF, Li JN, Du H. Evolutionary and Comparative Expression Analyses of TCP Transcription Factor Gene Family in Land Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3591. [PMID: 31340456 PMCID: PMC6679135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific Teosinte-branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating (TCP) transcription factor genes are involved in plants' development, hormonal pathways, and stress response but their evolutionary history is uncertain. The genome-wide analysis performed here for 47 plant species revealed 535 TCP candidates in terrestrial plants and none in aquatic plants, and that TCP family genes originated early in the history of land plants. Phylogenetic analysis divided the candidate genes into Classes I and II, and Class II was further divided into CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and CINCINNATA (CIN) clades; CYC is more recent and originated from CIN in angiosperms. Protein architecture, intron pattern, and sequence characteristics were conserved in each class or clade supporting this classification. The two classes significantly expanded through whole-genome duplication during evolution. Expression analysis revealed the conserved expression of TCP genes from lower to higher plants. The expression patterns of Class I and CIN genes in different stages of the same tissue revealed their function in plant development and their opposite effects in the same biological process. Interaction network analysis showed that TCP proteins tend to form protein complexes, and their interaction networks were conserved during evolution. These results contribute to further functional studies on TCP family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mang-Mang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Wen Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yun-Zhuo Ke
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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van Es SW, van der Auweraert EB, Silveira SR, Angenent GC, van Dijk AD, Immink RG. Comprehensive phenotyping reveals interactions and functions of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP genes in yield determination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:316-328. [PMID: 30903633 PMCID: PMC6767503 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Arabidopsis thaliana TCP transcription factor (TF) family affect plant growth and development. We systematically quantified the effect of mutagenizing single or multiple TCP TFs and how altered vegetative growth or branching influences final seed yield. We monitored rosette growth over time and branching patterns and seed yield characteristics at the end of the lifecycle. Subsequently, an approach was developed to disentangle vegetative growth and to determine possible effects on seed yield. Analysis of growth parameters showed all investigated tcp mutants to be affected in certain growth aspects compared with wild-type plants, highlighting the importance of TCP TFs in plant development. Furthermore, we found evidence that all class II TCPs are involved in axillary branch outgrowth, either as inhibitors (BRANCHED-like genes) or enhancers (JAW- and TCP5-like genes). Comprehensive phenotyping of plants mutant for single or multiple TCP TFs reveals that the proposed opposite functions of class I and class II TCPs in plant growth needs revision and shows complex interactions between closely related TCP genes instead of full genetic redundancy. In various instances, the alterations in vegetative growth or in branching patterns result into negative trade-off effects on seed yield that were missed in previous studies, showing the importance of comprehensive and quantitative phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W. van Es
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | | | - Sylvia R. Silveira
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia VegetalCentro de Energia Nuclear na AgriculturaUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSPCEP 13416‐000Brazil
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Aalt D.J. van Dijk
- BiometrisWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- BioinformaticsWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Richard G.H. Immink
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
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TCP Transcription Factors Associate with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and CRYPTOCHROME 1 to Regulate Thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. iScience 2019; 15:600-610. [PMID: 31078553 PMCID: PMC6547012 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature, one of the most critical environmental cues, greatly affects plant growth, development, and reproduction. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a key transcription factor in light signaling pathway, plays a central role in temperature-mediated growth responses. How higher temperature regulates the function of PIF4, however, is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that three phylogenetically related TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors, TCP5, TCP13, and TCP17, play fundamental roles in promoting thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth by positively regulating the activity of PIF4. TCP17 was found to interact with a blue light receptor, CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1), at lower temperature, leading to reduced activity of TCP17. Higher temperature can increase the stability of TCP17, and release TCP17 from the CRY1-TCP17 complex, allowing it to upregulate the expression of PIF4 and enhance the transcriptional activity of PIF4. This study revealed the important roles of TCPs in regulating the activity of PIF4 in thermomorphogenesis. TCP transcription factors promote PIF4-mediated thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth TCP17 interacts with PIF4 to promote the transcriptional activity of PIF4 CRY1 interacts with TCP17 and represses the binding affinity of TCP17 with PIF4 Higher temperature releases TCP17 from the repression of CRY1
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Dong J, Sun N, Yang J, Deng Z, Lan J, Qin G, He H, Deng XW, Irish VF, Chen H, Wei N. The Transcription Factors TCP4 and PIF3 Antagonistically Regulate Organ-Specific Light Induction of SAUR Genes to Modulate Cotyledon Opening during De-Etiolation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1155-1170. [PMID: 30914467 PMCID: PMC6533013 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Light elicits different growth responses in different organs of plants. These organ-specific responses are prominently displayed during de-etiolation. While major light-responsive components and early signaling pathways in this process have been identified, this information has yet to explain how organ-specific light responses are achieved. Here, we report that members of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) transcription factor family participate in photomorphogenesis and facilitate light-induced cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses indicated that TCP4 targets a number of SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNA (SAUR) genes that have previously been shown to exhibit organ-specific, light-responsive expression. We demonstrate that TCP4-like transcription factors, which are predominantly expressed in the cotyledons of both light- and dark-grown seedlings, activate SAUR16 and SAUR50 expression in response to light. Light regulates the binding of TCP4 to the promoters of SAUR14, SAUR16, and SAUR50 through PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). PIF3, which accumulates in etiolated seedlings and its levels rapidly decline upon light exposure, also binds to the SAUR16 and SAUR50 promoters, while suppressing the binding of TCP4 to these promoters in the dark. Our study reveals that the interplay between light-responsive factors PIFs and the developmental regulator TCP4 determines the cotyledon-specific light regulation of SAUR16 and SAUR50, which contributes to cotyledon closure and opening before and after de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Vivian F Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Spears BJ, Howton TC, Gao F, Garner CM, Mukhtar MS, Gassmann W. Direct Regulation of the EFR-Dependent Immune Response by Arabidopsis TCP Transcription Factors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:540-549. [PMID: 30480481 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0201-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One layer of the innate immune system allows plants to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), activating a defense response known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Maintaining an active immune response, however, comes at the cost of plant growth and development; accordingly, optimization of the balance between defense and development is critical to plant fitness. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor family consists of well-characterized transcriptional regulators of plant development and morphogenesis. The three closely related class I TCP transcription factors TCP8, TCP14, and TCP15 have also been implicated in the regulation of effector-triggered immunity, but there has been no previous characterization of PTI-related phenotypes. To identify TCP targets involved in PTI, we screened a PAMP-induced gene promoter library in a yeast one-hybrid assay and identified interactions of these three TCPs with the EF-Tu RECEPTOR (EFR) promoter. The direct interactions between TCP8 and EFR were confirmed to require an intact TCP binding site in planta. A tcp8 tcp14 tcp15 triple mutant was impaired in EFR-dependent PTI and exhibited reduced levels of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN 2 and induction of EFR expression after elicitation with elf18 but also increased production of reactive oxygen species relative to Col-0. Our data support an increasingly complex role for TCPs at the nexus of plant development and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Spears
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7310, U.S.A
- 2 C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri
| | - T C Howton
- 3 Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, U.S.A.; and
| | - Fei Gao
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7310, U.S.A
- 2 C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri
| | - Christopher M Garner
- 2 C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri
- 4 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- 3 Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, U.S.A.; and
| | - Walter Gassmann
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7310, U.S.A
- 2 C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri
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Challa KR, Rath M, Nath U. The CIN-TCP transcription factors promote commitment to differentiation in Arabidopsis leaf pavement cells via both auxin-dependent and independent pathways. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007988. [PMID: 30742619 PMCID: PMC6386416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells in organ primordia undergo active proliferation at an early stage to generate sufficient number, before exiting proliferation and entering differentiation. However, how the actively proliferating cells are developmentally reprogrammed to acquire differentiation potential during organ maturation is unclear. Here, we induced a microRNA-resistant form of TCP4 at various developmental stages of Arabidopsis leaf primordium that lacked the activity of TCP4 and its homologues and followed its effect on growth kinematics. By combining this with spatio-temporal gene expression analysis, we show that TCP4 commits leaf cells within the transition zone to exit proliferation and enter differentiation. A 24-hour pulse of TCP4 activity was sufficient to impart irreversible differentiation competence to the actively dividing cells. A combination of biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that TCP4 imparts differentiation competence by promoting auxin response as well as by directly activating HAT2, a HD-ZIP II transcription factor-encoding gene that also acts downstream to auxin response. Our study offers a molecular link between the two major organ maturation factors, CIN-like TCPs and HD-ZIP II transcription factors and explains how TCP activity restricts the cell number and final size in a leaf. Cells in a young organ primordium proliferate to generate sufficient number, before they exit division cycle and enter differentiation programme at later stages. While factors that drive cell cycle progression have been identified and studied in detail in diverse eukaryotic species, developmental factors that promote exit from division and entry into differentiation are less known, especially in the plant kingdom. Here, we show that the class II TCP proteins, notably TCP4, irreversibly reprogram the mitotic cells to exit division and acquire differentiation competence by auxin response as well as direct activation of HAT2 transcription. Our work offers a molecular link between class II TCP and HD-ZIP II genes during the cell differentiation and leaf maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Monalisha Rath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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