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Takeda R, Sato S, Ui T, Tsukaya H, Horiguchi G. Characterization of the Arabidopsis Mutant oligocellula6-D Reveals the Importance of Leaf Initiation in Determining the Final Leaf Size. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1310-1327. [PMID: 38878059 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The leaf is a determinate organ with a final size under genetic control. Numerous factors that regulate the final leaf size have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana; although most of these factors play their roles during the growth of leaf primordia, much less is known about leaf initiation and its effects on the final leaf size. In this study, we characterized oligocellula6-D (oli6-D), a semidominant mutant of A. thaliana with smaller leaves than the wild type (WT) due to its reduced leaf cell numbers. A time-course analysis showed that oli6-D had approximately 50% fewer leaf cells even immediately after leaf initiation; this difference was maintained throughout leaf development. Next-generation sequencing showed that oli6-D had chromosomal duplications involving 2-kb and 3-Mb regions of chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Several duplicated genes examined had approximately 2-fold higher expression levels, and at least one gene acquired a new intron/exon structure due to a chromosome fusion event. oli6-D showed reduced auxin responses in leaf primordia, primary roots and embryos, as well as reduced apical dominance and partial auxin-resistant root growth. CRISPR-associated protein-9-mediated genome editing enabled the removal of a 3-Mb duplicated segment, the largest targeted deletion in plants thus far. As a result, oli6-D restored the WT leaf phenotypes, demonstrating that oli6-D is a gain-of-function mutant. Our results suggest a new regulatory point of leaf size determination that functions at a very early stage of leaf development and is negatively regulated by one or more genes located in the duplicated chromosomal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takeda
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
| | - Shoki Sato
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
| | - Takumi Ui
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
- Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, 171-8501 Japan
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2
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Wu YN, Lu JY, Li S, Zhang Y. Are vacuolar dynamics crucial factors for plant cell division and differentiation? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112090. [PMID: 38636812 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Vacuoles are the largest membrane-bound organelles in plant cells, critical for development and environmental responses. Vacuolar dynamics indicate reversible changes of vacuoles in morphology, size, or numbers. In this review, we summarize current understandings of vacuolar dynamics in different types of plant cells, biological processes associated with vacuolar dynamics, and regulators controlling vacuolar dynamics. Specifically, we point out the possibility that vacuolar dynamics play key roles in cell division and differentiation, which are controlled by the nucleus. Finally, we propose three routes through which vacuolar dynamics actively participate in nucleus-controlled cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Yu Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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3
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Jiang YT, Zheng JX, Li RH, Wang YC, Shi J, Ferjani A, Lin WH. Tonoplast proton pumps regulate nuclear spacing of female gametophytes via mediating polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006735. [PMID: 36176689 PMCID: PMC9513470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is an important organelle with multiple functions in plants, and the tonoplast that wraps the vacuole also plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking and ion homeostasis. Previous studies found that tonoplast proton pumps regulate embryo development and morphogenesis through their effects on vacuole biogenesis and distribution, as well as polar auxin transport and concomitant auxin gradient. However, the precise roles of the tonoplast proton pumps in gametophyte development remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that the lack of two types of tonoplast proton pumps or the absence of V-ATPase alone leads to abnormal development and nuclear localization of female gametophyte (FG), and slowed endosperm nuclei division after fertilization of the central cell. We further revealed that V-ATPase regulates auxin levels in ovules through coordinating the content and localization of PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) protein, hence influencing nuclear spacing between centra cell and egg cell, and subsequent endosperm development. Collectively, our findings revealed a crucial role of V-ATPase in auxin-mediated FG development in Arabidopsis and expanded our understanding of the functions of tonoplast proton pumps in seed plants reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Zheng
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Han Li
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Kaur D, Moreira D, Coimbra S, Showalter AM. Hydroxyproline- O-Galactosyltransferases Synthesizing Type II Arabinogalactans Are Essential for Male Gametophytic Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935413. [PMID: 35774810 PMCID: PMC9237623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive function is determined by successful development and performance of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes. Despite the crucial role of highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls, the underlying mechanisms defining these functions of AGPs have remained elusive. Eight partially redundant Hyp-galactosyltransferases (named GALT2-GALT9) genes/enzymes are known to initiate Hyp-O-galactosylation for Hyp-arabinogalactan (AG) production in Arabidopsis thaliana. To assess the contributions of these Hyp-AGs to male reproductive function, we used a galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9 quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant for this study. Both anther size and pollen viability were compromised in the quintuple mutants. Defects in male gametogenesis were observed in later stages of maturing microspores after meiosis, accompanied by membrane blebbing and numerous lytic vacuoles. Cytological and ultramicroscopic observations revealed that pollen exine reticulate architecture and intine layer development were affected such that non-viable collapsed mature pollen grains were produced, which were devoid of cell content and nuclei, with virtually no intine. AGP immunolabeling demonstrated alterations in cell wall architecture of the anther, pollen grains, and pollen tube. Specifically, the LM2 monoclonal antibody (which recognized β-GlcA epitopes on AGPs) showed a weak signal for the endothecium, microspores, and pollen tube apex. Pollen tube tips also displayed excessive callose deposition. Interestingly, expression patterns of pollen-specific AGPs, namely AGP6, AGP11, AGP23, and AGP40, were determined to be higher in the quintuple mutants. Taken together, our data illustrate the importance of type-II AGs in male reproductive function for successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Allan M. Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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5
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Qin Z, Wu YN, Sun TT, Ma T, Xu M, Pang C, Li SW, Li S. Arabidopsis RAN GTPases are critical for mitosis during male and female gametogenesis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1892-1903. [PMID: 35680649 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of male and female gametophytes is a prerequisite for successful propagation of angiosperms. The small GTPases RAN play fundamental roles in numerous cellular processes. Although RAN GTPases have been characterized in plants, their roles in cellular processes are far from understood. We report here that RAN GTPases in Arabidopsis are critical for gametophytic development. RAN1 loss-of-function showed no defects in gametophytic development likely due to redundancy. However, the expression of a dominant negative or constitutively active RAN1 resulted in gametophytic lethality. Genetic interference of RAN GTPases caused the arrest of pollen mitosis I and of mitosis of functional megaspores, implying a key role of properly regulated RAN activity in mitosis during gametophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tian-Tian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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6
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Hao G, Zhao X, Zhang M, Ying J, Yu F, Li S, Zhang Y. Vesicle trafficking in
Arabidopsis
pollen tubes. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2231-2242. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Jiu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Xin‐Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | | | - Jun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
- College of Life Sciences Nankai University China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses Nankai University China
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7
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Mao Y, Tan S. Functions and Mechanisms of SAC Phosphoinositide Phosphatases in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:803635. [PMID: 34975993 PMCID: PMC8717918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.803635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is one type of phospholipid comprising an inositol head group and two fatty acid chains covalently linked to the diacylglycerol group. In addition to their roles as compositions of cell membranes, phosphorylated PtdIns derivatives, termed phosphoinositides, execute a wide range of regulatory functions. PtdIns can be phosphorylated by various lipid kinases at 3-, 4- and/or 5- hydroxyls of the inositol ring, and the phosphorylated forms, including PtdIns3P, PtdIns4P, PtdIns5P, PtdIns(3,5)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2, can be reversibly dephosphorylated by distinct lipid phosphatases. Amongst many other types, the SUPPRESSOR OF ACTIN (SAC) family of phosphoinositide phosphatases recently emerged as important regulators in multiple growth and developmental processes in plants. Here, we review recent advances on the biological functions, cellular activities, and molecular mechanisms of SAC domain-containing phosphoinositide phosphatases in plants. With a focus on those studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana together with progresses in other plants, we highlight the important roles of subcellular localizations and substrate preferences of various SAC isoforms in their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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8
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Zhu RM, Li M, Li SW, Liang X, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-A1s mediate tapetum-controlled pollen development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:268-280. [PMID: 34309928 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Propagation of angiosperms mostly relies on sexual reproduction, in which gametophytic development is a pre-requisite. Male gametophytic development requires both gametophytic and sporophytic factors, most importantly early secretion and late programmed cell death of the tapetum. In addition to transcriptional factors, proteins at endomembrane compartments, such as receptor-like kinases and vacuolar proteases, control tapetal function. The cellular machinery that regulates their distribution is beginning to be revealed. We report here that ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-A1s (ArfA1s) are critical for tapetum-controlled pollen development. All six ArfA1s in the Arabidopsis genome are expressed during anther development, among which ArfA1b is specific to the tapetum and developing microspores. Although the ArfA1b loss-of-function mutant showed no pollen defects, probably due to redundancy, interference with ArfA1s by a dominant negative approach in the tapetum resulted in tapetal dysfunction and pollen abortion. We further showed that all six ArfA1s are associated with the Golgi and the trans-Golgi network/early endosome, suggesting that they have roles in regulating post-Golgi trafficking to the plasma membrane or to vacuoles. Indeed, we demonstrated that the expression of ArfA1bDN interfered with the targeting of proteins critical for tapetal development. The results presented here demonstrate a key role of ArfA1s in tapetum-controlled pollen development by mediating protein targeting through post-Golgi trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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9
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Liu F, Li JP, Li LS, Liu Q, Li SW, Song ML, Li S, Zhang Y. The canonical α-SNAP is essential for gametophytic development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009505. [PMID: 33886546 PMCID: PMC8096068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of male and female gametophytes is a pre-requisite for successful reproduction of angiosperms. Factors mediating vesicular trafficking are among the key regulators controlling gametophytic development. Fusion between vesicles and target membranes requires the assembly of a fusogenic soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) complex, whose disassembly in turn ensures the recycle of individual SNARE components. The disassembly of post-fusion SNARE complexes is controlled by the AAA+ ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (Sec18/NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein (Sec17/α-SNAP) in yeast and metazoans. Although non-canonical α-SNAPs have been functionally characterized in soybeans, the biological function of canonical α-SNAPs has yet to be demonstrated in plants. We report here that the canonical α-SNAP in Arabidopsis is essential for male and female gametophytic development. Functional loss of the canonical α-SNAP in Arabidopsis results in gametophytic lethality by arresting the first mitosis during gametogenesis. We further show that Arabidopsis α-SNAP encodes two isoforms due to alternative splicing. Both isoforms interact with the Arabidopsis homolog of NSF whereas have distinct subcellular localizations. The presence of similar alternative splicing of human α-SNAP indicates that functional distinction of two α-SNAP isoforms is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Peng Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming-Lei Song
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (YZ)
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (YZ)
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10
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Ma T, Li E, Li LS, Li S, Zhang Y. The Arabidopsis R-SNARE protein YKT61 is essential for gametophyte development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:676-694. [PMID: 32918784 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gametophyte development is a pre-requisite for plant reproduction and seed yield; therefore, studies of gametophyte development help us understand fundamental biological questions and have potential applications in agriculture. The biogenesis and dynamics of endomembrane compartments are critical for cell survival, and their regulatory mechanisms are just beginning to be revealed. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein YKT61 is essential for both male and female gametogenesis. By using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genome editing, we demonstrated that male and female gametophytes carrying YKT61 loss-of-function alleles do not survive. Specifically, loss of YKT61 function resulted in the arrest of male gametophytic development at pollen mitosis I and the degeneration of female gametophytes. A three-base-pair deletion in YKT61 in the ykt61-3 mutant resulted in a single-amino acid deletion in the longin domain of YKT61; the resulting mutant protein does not interact with multiple SNAREs and showed substantially reduced membrane association, suggesting that the N-terminal longin domain of YKT61 plays multiple roles in its function. This study demonstrates that Arabidopsis YKT61 is essential for male and female gametogenesis and sets an example for functional characterization of essential genes with the combination of Cas9-mediated editing and expression from a Cas9-resistant transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - En Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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11
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Wang ZQ, Liu Q, Wu JH, Li J, He JM, Zhang Y, Li S. Downregulating VAC14 in Guard Cells Causes Drought Hypersensitivity by Inhibiting Stomatal Closure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:602701. [PMID: 33391314 PMCID: PMC7773697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are a key land plant innovation that permit the regulation of gaseous exchanges between the plant interior and the surrounding environment. By opening or closing, stomata regulate transpiration of water though the plant; and these actions are coordinated with acquisition of CO2 for photosynthesis. Stomatal movement is controlled by various environmental and physiological factors and associates with multiple intracellular activities, among which the dynamic remodeling of vacuoles plays a crucial role. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is critical for dynamic remodeling of vacuoles. Its production requires a PI(3,5)P2-metabolizing complex consisting of FAB1/PIKfyve kinases, SAC phosphatases, and the scaffolding protein VAC14. Although genetic or pharmacological downregulation of PI(3,5)P2 causes hyposensitivity to ABA-induced stomatal closure, whether the effect of PI(3,5)P2 on stomatal movement is cell-autonomous and the physiological consequences of its reduction were unclear. We report that downregulating Arabidopsis VAC14 specifically in guard cells by artificial microRNAs (amiR-VAC14) results in enlarged guard cells and hyposensitivity to ABA- and dark-induced stomatal closure. Vacuolar fission during stomatal closure is compromised by downregulating VAC14 in guard cells. Exogenous application of PI(3,5)P2 rescued the amiR-VAC14 phenotype whereas PI(3,5)P2 inhibitor YM201636 caused wild-type plants to have inhibited stomatal closure. We further show that downregulating VAC14 specifically in guard cells impairs drought tolerance, suggestive of a key role of guard cell-produced PI(3,5)P2 in plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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12
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Liu F, Hu W, Li F, Marshall RS, Zarza X, Munnik T, Vierstra RD. AUTOPHAGY-RELATED14 and Its Associated Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complex Promote Autophagy in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3939-3960. [PMID: 33004618 PMCID: PMC7721316 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) is an essential membrane signature for both autophagy and endosomal sorting that is synthesized in plants by the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex, consisting of the VPS34 kinase, together with ATG6, VPS15, and either VPS38 or ATG14 as the fourth subunit. Although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants missing the three core subunits are infertile, vps38 mutants are viable but have aberrant leaf, root, and seed development, Suc sensing, and endosomal trafficking, suggesting that VPS38 and ATG14 are nonredundant. Here, we evaluated the role of ATG14 through a collection of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and T-DNA insertion mutants disrupting the two Arabidopsis paralogs. atg14a atg14b double mutants were relatively normal phenotypically but displayed pronounced autophagy defects, including reduced accumulation of autophagic bodies and cargo delivery during nutrient stress. Unexpectedly, homozygous atg14a atg14b vps38 triple mutants were viable but showed severely compromised rosette development and reduced fecundity, pollen germination, and autophagy, consistent with a need for both ATG14 and VPS38 to fully actuate PI3P biology. However, the triple mutants still accumulated PI3P, but they were hypersensitive to the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, indicating that the ATG14/VPS38 component is not essential for PI3P synthesis. Collectively, the ATG14/VPS38 mutant collection now permits the study of plants altered in specific aspects of PI3P biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Weiming Hu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Faqiang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Richard S Marshall
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Xavier Zarza
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Xu L, Liu T, Xiong X, Liu W, Yu Y, Cao J. Overexpression of Two CCCH-type Zinc-Finger Protein Genes Leads to Pollen Abortion in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1287. [PMID: 33138166 PMCID: PMC7693475 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen grains produced by flowering plants are vital for sexual reproduction. Previous studies have shown that two CCCH-type zinc-finger protein genes in Brassica campestris, BcMF30a and BcMF30c, are involved in pollen development. Due to their possible functional redundancy, gain-of-function analysis is helpful to reveal their respective biological functions. Here, we found that the phenotypes of BcMF30a and BcMF30c overexpression transgenic plants driven by their native promoters were similar, suggesting their functional redundancy. The results showed that the vegetative growth was not affected in both transgenic plants, but male fertility was reduced. Further analysis found that the abortion of transgenic pollen was caused by the degradation of pollen contents from the late uninucleate microspore stage. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that BcMF30a and BcMF30c could localize in cytoplasmic foci. Combined with the studies of other CCCH-type genes, we speculated that the overexpression of these genes can induce the continuous assembly of abnormal cytoplasmic foci, thus resulting in defective plant growth and development, which, in this study, led to pollen abortion. Both the overexpression and knockout of BcMF30a and BcMF30c lead to abnormal pollen development, indicating that the appropriate expression levels of these two genes are critical for the maintenance of normal pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liai Xu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (T.L.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (T.L.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingpeng Xiong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (T.L.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weimiao Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (T.L.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China;
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (T.L.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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Liang X, Li SW, Gong LM, Li S, Zhang Y. COPII Components Sar1b and Sar1c Play Distinct Yet Interchangeable Roles in Pollen Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:974-985. [PMID: 32327549 PMCID: PMC7333728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of pollen is a prerequisite for double fertilization in angiosperms. Coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates anterograde transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Components of the COPII complex have been reported to regulate either sporophytic or gametophytic control of pollen development. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes five Sar1 isoforms, the small GTPases essential for COPII formation. By using a dominant negative approach, Sar1 isoforms were proposed to have distinct cargo specificity despite their sequence similarity. Here, we examined the functions of three Sar1 isoforms through analysis of transfer DNA insertion mutants and CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants. We report that functional loss of Sar1b caused malfunction of tapetum, leading to male sterility. Ectopic expression of Sar1c could compensate for Sar1b loss of function in sporophytic control of pollen development, suggesting that they are interchangeable. Functional distinction between Sar1b and Sar1c may have resulted from their different gene transcription levels based on expression analyses. On the other hand, Sar1b and Sar1c redundantly mediate male gametophytic development such that the sar1b;sar1c microspores aborted at anther developmental stage 10. This study uncovers the role of Sar1 isoforms in both sporophytic and gametophytic control of pollen development. It also suggests that distinct functions of Sar1 isoforms may be caused by their distinct transcription programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Li-Min Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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15
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Xiong F, Duan CY, Liu HH, Wu JH, Zhang ZH, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis KETCH1 Is Critical for the Nuclear Accumulation of Ribosomal Proteins and Gametogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1270-1284. [PMID: 32086364 PMCID: PMC7145482 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Male and female gametophytes are generated from micro- or megaspore mother cells through consecutive meiotic and mitotic cell divisions. Defects in these divisions often result in gametophytic lethality. Gametophytic lethality was also reported when genes encoding ribosome-related proteins were mutated. Although numerous ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been identified in plants based on homology with their yeast and metazoan counterparts, how RPs are regulated, e.g., through dynamic subcellular targeting, is unknown. We report here that an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) importin β, KETCH1 (karyopherin enabling the transport of the cytoplasmic HYL1), is critical for gametogenesis. Karyopherins are molecular chaperones mediating nucleocytoplasmic protein transport. However, the role of KETCH1 during gametogenesis is independent of HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), a previously reported KETCH1 cargo. Instead, KETCH1 interacts with several RPs and is critical for the nuclear accumulation of RPL27a, whose mutations caused similar gametophytic defects. We further showed that knocking down KETCH1 caused reduced ribosome biogenesis and translational capacity, which may trigger the arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression and lead to gametophytic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Cun-Ying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hai-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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16
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Zhao J, Long T, Wang Y, Tong X, Tang J, Li J, Wang H, Tang L, Li Z, Shu Y, Liu X, Li S, Liu H, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang J. RMS2 Encoding a GDSL Lipase Mediates Lipid Homeostasis in Anthers to Determine Rice Male Fertility. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2047-2064. [PMID: 32029522 PMCID: PMC7140947 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant male gametogenesis is a coordinated effort involving both reproductive tissues and sporophytic tissues, in which lipid metabolism plays an essential role. Although GDSL esterases/lipases have been well known as key enzymes for many plant developmental processes and stress responses, their functions in reproductive development remain unclear. Here, we report the identification of a rice male sterile2 (rms2) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), which is completely male sterile due to the defects in tapetum degradation, cuticle formation in sporophytic tissues, and impaired exine and central vacuole development in pollen grains. RMS2 was map-based cloned as an endoplasmic reticulum-localized GDSL lipase gene, which is predominantly transcribed during early anther development. In rms2, a three-nucleotide deletion and one base substitution (TTGT to A) occurred within the GDSL domain, which reduced the lipid hydrolase activity of the resulting protein and led to significant changes in the content of 16 lipid components and numerous other metabolites, as revealed by a comparative metabolic analysis. Furthermore, RMS2 is directly targeted by the male fertility regulators Undeveloped Tapetum1 and Persistent Tapetal Cell1 both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that RMS2 may serve as a key node in the rice male fertility regulatory network. These findings shed light on the function of GDSLs in reproductive development and provide a promising gene resource for hybrid rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Tuan Long
- Hainan Bolian Rice Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570203, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Hainan Bolian Rice Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570203, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Hainan Bolian Rice Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570203, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yazhou Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shufan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Hainan Bolian Rice Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570203, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Hainan Bolian Rice Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570203, China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Hainan Bolian Rice Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570203, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
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17
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Oh SA, Hoai TNT, Park HJ, Zhao M, Twell D, Honys D, Park SK. MYB81, a microspore-specific GAMYB transcription factor, promotes pollen mitosis I and cell lineage formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:590-603. [PMID: 31610057 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants relies on the production of haploid gametophytes that consist of germline and supporting cells. During male gametophyte development, the asymmetric mitotic division of an undetermined unicellular microspore segregates these two cell lineages. To explore genetic regulation underlying this process, we screened for pollen cell patterning mutants and isolated the heterozygous myb81-1 mutant that sheds ~50% abnormal pollen. Typically, myb81-1 microspores fail to undergo pollen mitosis I (PMI) and arrest at polarized stage with a single central vacuole. Although most myb81-1 microspores degenerate without division, a small fraction divides at later stages and fails to acquire correct cell fates. The myb81-1 allele is transmitted normally through the female, but rarely through pollen. We show that myb81-1 phenotypes result from impaired function of the GAMYB transcription factor MYB81. The MYB81 promoter shows microspore-specific activity and a MYB81-RFP fusion protein is only expressed in a narrow window prior to PMI. Ectopic expression of MYB81 driven by various promoters can severely impair vegetative or reproductive development, reflecting the strict microspore-specific control of MYB81. Our data demonstrate that MYB81 has a key role in the developmental progression of microspores, enabling formation of the two male cell lineages that are essential for sexual reproduction in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuong Nguyen Thi Hoai
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingmin Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - David Twell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soon-Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Laggoun F, Dardelle F, Dehors J, Falconet D, Driouich A, Rochais C, Dallemagne P, Lehner A, Mollet JC. A chemical screen identifies two novel small compounds that alter Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tube growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31010418 PMCID: PMC6475968 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During sexual reproduction, pollen grains land on the stigma, rehydrate and produce pollen tubes that grow through the female transmitting-tract tissue allowing the delivery of the two sperm cells to the ovule and the production of healthy seeds. Because pollen tubes are single cells that expand by tip-polarized growth, they represent a good model to study the growth dynamics, cell wall deposition and intracellular machineries. Aiming to understand this complex machinery, we used a low throughput chemical screen approach in order to isolate new tip-growth disruptors. The effect of a chemical inhibitor of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases, galvestine-1, was also investigated. The present work further characterizes their effects on the tip-growth and intracellular dynamics of pollen tubes. RESULTS Two small compounds among 258 were isolated based on their abilities to perturb pollen tube growth. They were found to disrupt in vitro pollen tube growth of tobacco, tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that these 3 compounds induced abnormal phenotypes (bulging and/or enlarged pollen tubes) and reduced pollen tube length in a dose dependent manner. Pollen germination was significantly reduced after treatment with the two compounds isolated from the screen. They also affected cell wall material deposition in pollen tubes. The compounds decreased anion superoxide accumulation, disorganized actin filaments and RIC4 dynamics suggesting that they may affect vesicular trafficking at the pollen tube tip. CONCLUSION These molecules may alter directly or indirectly ROP1 activity, a key regulator of pollen tube growth and vesicular trafficking and therefore represent good tools to further study cellular dynamics during polarized-cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdousse Laggoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Flavien Dardelle
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
- Present Address: LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 409, Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jérémy Dehors
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, cedex 9 France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, CNRS 3038 INC3M, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, CNRS 3038 INC3M, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
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19
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Hirano T, Sato MH. Diverse Physiological Functions of FAB1 and Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 30967882 PMCID: PMC6439278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are predominantly composed of structural glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Of the membrane glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives (phosphoinositides) constitute a minor fraction yet exert a wide variety of regulatory functions in eukaryotic cells. Phosphoinositides include PtdIns, three PtdIns monophosphates, three PtdIns bisphosphates, and one PtdIns triphosphate, in which the hydroxy groups of the inositol head group of PtdIns are phosphorylated by specific lipid kinases. Of all the phosphoinositides in eukaryotic cells, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] constitutes the smallest fraction, yet it is a crucial lipid in animal and yeast membrane trafficking systems. Here, we review the recent findings on the physiological functions of PtdIns(3,5)P2 and its enzyme-formation of aploid and binucleate cells (FAB1)-along with the regulatory proteins of FAB1 and the downstream effector proteins of PtdIns(3,5)P2 in Arabidopsis.
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