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Guo AY, Wu WQ, Bai D, Li Y, Xie J, Guo S, Song CP. Recruitment of HAB1 and SnRK2.2 by C2-domain protein CAR1 in plasma membrane ABA signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:237-251. [PMID: 38597817 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM)-associated abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction is an important component of ABA signaling. The C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins have been reported to play a crucial role in recruiting ABA receptor PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) to the PM. However, the molecular details of the involvement of CAR proteins in membrane-delimited ABA signal transduction remain unclear. For instance, where this response process takes place and whether any additional members besides PYL are taking part in this signaling process. Here, the GUS-tagged materials for all Arabidopsis CAR members were used to comprehensively visualize the extensive expression patterns of the CAR family genes. Based on the representativeness of CAR1 in response to ABA, we determined to use it as a target to study the function of CAR proteins in PM-associated ABA signaling. Single-particle tracking showed that ABA affected the spatiotemporal dynamics of CAR1. The presence of ABA prolonged the dwell time of CAR1 on the membrane and showed faster lateral mobility. Surprisingly, we verified that CAR1 could directly recruit hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1) and SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2 (SnRK2.2) to the PM at both the bulk and single-molecule levels. Furthermore, PM localization of CAR1 was demonstrated to be related to membrane microdomains. Collectively, our study revealed that CARs recruited the three main components of ABA signaling to the PM to respond positively to ABA. This study deepens our understanding of ABA signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Di Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
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2
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Pan X, Mastrella S, Khamzaaliyeva M, Ashley DD. Exploring the connections between ER-based lipid metabolism and plasma membrane nanodomain signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:48-57. [PMID: 38757654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in our understanding of cell membrane dynamics have shed light on the importance of plasma membrane (PM) nanodomains in plant cell signaling. Nevertheless, many aspects of membrane nanodomains, including their regulatory mechanisms and biological functions, remain enigmatic. To address this knowledge gap, our review article proposes a novel perspective wherein signaling pathways target endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based lipid metabolism to exert control over the formation and function of membrane nanodomains. Subsequently, these nanodomains reciprocate by influencing the localization and activity of signaling molecules at the PM. We place a specific emphasis on ER-based enzymatic reactions, given the ER's central role in membrane lipid biosynthesis and its capacity to directly impact PM lipid composition, particularly with regard to saturation levels - an essential determinant of nanodomain properties. The interplay among cell signaling, glycerolipid metabolism, and PM nanodomain may create feedforward/feedback loops that fine-tune cellular responses to developmental and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sophia Mastrella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Mohinur Khamzaaliyeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Didier-Deschamps Ashley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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3
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Wang B, Zhou Z, Zhou JM, Li J. Myosin XI-mediated BIK1 recruitment to nanodomains facilitates FLS2-BIK1 complex formation during innate immunity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312415121. [PMID: 38875149 PMCID: PMC11194512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312415121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on immune receptor complexes at the cell surface to perceive microbial molecules and transduce these signals into the cell to regulate immunity. Various immune receptors and associated proteins are often dynamically distributed in specific nanodomains on the plasma membrane (PM). However, the exact molecular mechanism and functional relevance of this nanodomain targeting in plant immunity regulation remain largely unknown. By utilizing high spatiotemporal resolution imaging and single-particle tracking analysis, we show that myosin XIK interacts with remorin to recruit and stabilize PM-associated kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) within immune receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2)-containing nanodomains. This recruitment facilitates FLS2/BIK1 complex formation, leading to the full activation of BIK1-dependent defense responses upon ligand perception. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence that myosin XI functions as a molecular scaffold to enable a spatially confined complex assembly within nanodomains. This ensures the presence of a sufficient quantity of preformed immune receptor complex for efficient signaling transduction from the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province572024, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
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4
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Scott HL, Burns-Casamayor V, Dixson AC, Standaert RF, Stanley CB, Stingaciu LR, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Katsaras J, Qiang W, Heberle FA, Mertz B, Ashkar R, Barrera FN. Neutron spin echo shows pHLIP is capable of retarding membrane thickness fluctuations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184349. [PMID: 38815687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cell membranes are responsible for a range of biological processes that require interactions between lipids and proteins. While the effects of lipids on proteins are becoming better understood, our knowledge of how protein conformational changes influence membrane dynamics remains rudimentary. Here, we performed experiments and computer simulations to study the dynamic response of a lipid membrane to changes in the conformational state of pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP), which transitions from a surface-associated (SA) state at neutral or basic pH to a transmembrane (TM) α-helix under acidic conditions. Our results show that TM-pHLIP significantly slows down membrane thickness fluctuations due to an increase in effective membrane viscosity. Our findings suggest a possible membrane regulatory mechanism, where the TM helix affects lipid chain conformations, and subsequently alters membrane fluctuations and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haden L Scott
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, United States of America
| | - Violeta Burns-Casamayor
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Dixson
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, United States of America
| | - Robert F Standaert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, United States of America; C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Christopher B Stanley
- Shull Wollan Center - a Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America; Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Laura-Roxana Stingaciu
- Labs and Soft Matter Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America; JCNS1, FZJ outstation at SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Jan-Michael Y Carrillo
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - John Katsaras
- Shull Wollan Center - a Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America; Labs and Soft Matter Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
| | - Frederick A Heberle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States of America
| | - Blake Mertz
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, United States of America.
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5
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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6
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Tian Y, Zeng H, Wu JC, Dai GX, Zheng HP, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhou ZK, Tang DY, Deng GF, Tang WB, Liu XM, Lin JZ. The zinc finger protein DHHC09 S-acylates the kinase STRK1 to regulate H2O2 homeostasis and promote salt tolerance in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:919-940. [PMID: 38180963 PMCID: PMC10980341 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity results in oxidative stress and heavy losses to crop production. The S-acylated protein SALT TOLERANCE RECEPTOR-LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASE 1 (STRK1) phosphorylates and activates CATALASE C (CatC) to improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt tolerance, but the molecular mechanism underlying its S-acylation involved in salt signal transduction awaits elucidation. Here, we show that the DHHC-type zinc finger protein DHHC09 S-acylates STRK1 at Cys5, Cys10, and Cys14 and promotes salt and oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing rice H2O2-scavenging capacity. This modification determines STRK1 targeting to the plasma membrane or lipid nanodomains and is required for its function. DHHC09 promotes salt signaling from STRK1 to CatC via transphosphorylation, and its deficiency impairs salt signal transduction. Our findings demonstrate that DHHC09 S-acylates and anchors STRK1 to the plasma membrane to promote salt signaling from STRK1 to CatC, thereby regulating H2O2 homeostasis and improving salt stress tolerance in rice. Moreover, overexpression of DHHC09 in rice mitigates grain yield loss under salt stress. Together, these results shed light on the mechanism underlying the role of S-acylation in RLK/RLCK-mediated salt signal transduction and provide a strategy for breeding highly salt-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ji-Cai Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Gao-Xing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dong-Ying Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Guo-Fu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Wen-Bang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xuan-Ming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
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7
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Yu B, Chao DY, Zhao Y. How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:394-423. [PMID: 38329193 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency. Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress, or osmotic stress caused by drought, ever since Charles Darwin, and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level, including changes in turgor, cell wall stiffness and integrity, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume, and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses. In this review, we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms, compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms, prospected how plants sense changes in turgor, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants, animals, yeasts, and bacteria, summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs, such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation, membrane water permeability, root hydrotropism, root halotropism, Casparian strip and suberin lamellae, and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors. We also discussed the core scientific questions, provided perspective about the future directions in this field, and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Zou Y, Sabljić I, Horbach N, Dauphinee AN, Åsman A, Sancho Temino L, Minina EA, Drag M, Stael S, Poreba M, Ståhlberg J, Bozhkov PV. Thermoprotection by a cell membrane-localized metacaspase in a green alga. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:665-687. [PMID: 37971931 PMCID: PMC10896300 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are restricted to animals, while other organisms, including plants, possess metacaspases (MCAs), a more ancient and broader class of structurally related yet biochemically distinct proteases. Our current understanding of plant MCAs is derived from studies in streptophytes, and mostly in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with 9 MCAs with partially redundant activities. In contrast to streptophytes, most chlorophytes contain only 1 or 2 uncharacterized MCAs, providing an excellent platform for MCA research. Here we investigated CrMCA-II, the single type-II MCA from the model chlorophyte Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Surprisingly, unlike other studied MCAs and similar to caspases, CrMCA-II dimerizes both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, activation of CrMCA-II in vivo correlated with its dimerization. Most of CrMCA-II in the cell was present as a proenzyme (zymogen) attached to the plasma membrane (PM). Deletion of CrMCA-II by genome editing compromised thermotolerance, leading to increased cell death under heat stress. Adding back either wild-type or catalytically dead CrMCA-II restored thermoprotection, suggesting that its proteolytic activity is dispensable for this effect. Finally, we connected the non-proteolytic role of CrMCA-II in thermotolerance to the ability to modulate PM fluidity. Our study reveals an ancient, MCA-dependent thermotolerance mechanism retained by Chlamydomonas and probably lost during the evolution of multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Sabljić
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Horbach
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian N Dauphinee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Åsman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucia Sancho Temino
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcin Poreba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerry Ståhlberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Liu MCJ, Yeh FLJ, Yvon R, Simpson K, Jordan S, Chambers J, Wu HM, Cheung AY. Extracellular pectin-RALF phase separation mediates FERONIA global signaling function. Cell 2024; 187:312-330.e22. [PMID: 38157854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The FERONIA (FER)-LLG1 co-receptor and its peptide ligand RALF regulate myriad processes for plant growth and survival. Focusing on signal-induced cell surface responses, we discovered that intrinsically disordered RALF triggers clustering and endocytosis of its cognate receptors and FER- and LLG1-dependent endocytosis of non-cognate regulators of diverse processes, thus capable of broadly impacting downstream responses. RALF, however, remains extracellular. We demonstrate that RALF binds the cell wall polysaccharide pectin. They phase separate and recruit FER and LLG1 into pectin-RALF-FER-LLG1 condensates to initiate RALF-triggered cell surface responses. We show further that two frequently encountered environmental challenges, elevated salt and temperature, trigger RALF-pectin phase separation, promiscuous receptor clustering and massive endocytosis, and that this process is crucial for recovery from stress-induced growth attenuation. Our results support that RALF-pectin phase separation mediates an exoskeletal mechanism to broadly activate FER-LLG1-dependent cell surface responses to mediate the global role of FER in plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fang-Ling Jessica Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert Yvon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kelly Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Samuel Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James Chambers
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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10
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Liu X, Ma Z, Tran TM, Rautengarten C, Cheng Y, Yang L, Ebert B, Persson S, Miao Y. Balanced callose and cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis quorum-sensing signaling and pattern-triggered immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:137-152. [PMID: 37647538 PMCID: PMC10756761 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall (CW) is one of the most important physical barriers that phytopathogens must conquer to invade their hosts. This barrier is a dynamic structure that responds to pathogen infection through a complex network of immune receptors, together with CW-synthesizing and CW-degrading enzymes. Callose deposition in the primary CW is a well-known physical response to pathogen infection. Notably, callose and cellulose biosynthesis share an initial substrate, UDP-glucose, which is the main load-bearing component of the CW. However, how these 2 critical biosynthetic processes are balanced during plant-pathogen interactions remains unclear. Here, using 2 different pathogen-derived molecules, bacterial flagellin (flg22) and the diffusible signal factor (DSF) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, we show a negative correlation between cellulose and callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). By quantifying the abundance of callose and cellulose under DSF or flg22 elicitation and characterizing the dynamics of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these 2 polymers, we show that the balance of these 2 CW components is mediated by the activity of a β-1,3-glucanase (BG2). Our data demonstrate balanced cellulose and callose biosynthesis during plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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11
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Dragwidge JM, Van Damme D. Protein phase separation in plant membrane biology: more than just a compartmentalization strategy. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3162-3172. [PMID: 37352127 PMCID: PMC10473209 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biomolecular condensates through phase separation is an important strategy to compartmentalize cellular functions. While it is now well established that condensates exist throughout eukaryotic cells, how condensates assemble and function on lipid membranes is only beginning to be understood. In this perspective, we highlight work from plant, animal, and yeast model systems showing that condensates assemble on many endomembrane surfaces to carry out diverse functions. In vesicle trafficking, condensation has reported roles in the formation of endocytic vesicles and autophagosomes and in the inactivation of secretory COPII vesicles. We briefly discuss how membranes and membrane lipids regulate the formation and function of membrane-associated condensates. This includes how membranes act as surfaces for condensate assembly, with lipids mediating the nucleation of condensates during endocytosis and other processes. Additionally, membrane-condensate interactions give rise to the biophysical property of "wetting", which has functional importance in shaping autophagosomal and vacuolar membranes. We also speculate on the existence of membrane-associated condensates during cell polarity in plants and discuss how condensation may help to establish functional plasma membrane domains. Lastly, we provide advice on relevant in vitro and in vivo approaches and techniques to study membrane-associated phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Dong J, Van Norman J, Žárský V, Zhang Y. Plant cell polarity: The many facets of sidedness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1-5. [PMID: 37565502 PMCID: PMC10469367 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08891, USA
| | - Jaimie Van Norman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian’jin 300071, China
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13
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Pan X, Pérez-Henríquez P, Van Norman JM, Yang Z. Membrane nanodomains: Dynamic nanobuilding blocks of polarized cell growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:83-97. [PMID: 37194569 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity is intimately linked to numerous biological processes, such as oriented plant cell division, particular asymmetric division, cell differentiation, cell and tissue morphogenesis, and transport of hormones and nutrients. Cell polarity is typically initiated by a polarizing cue that regulates the spatiotemporal dynamic of polarity molecules, leading to the establishment and maintenance of polar domains at the plasma membrane. Despite considerable progress in identifying key polarity regulators in plants, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cell polarity formation have yet to be fully elucidated. Recent work suggests a critical role for membrane protein/lipid nanodomains in polarized morphogenesis in plants. One outstanding question is how the spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling nanodomains are controlled to achieve robust cell polarization. In this review, we first summarize the current state of knowledge on potential regulatory mechanisms of nanodomain dynamics, with a special focus on Rho-like GTPases from plants. We then discuss the pavement cell system as an example of how cells may integrate multiple signals and nanodomain-involved feedback mechanisms to achieve robust polarity. A mechanistic understanding of nanodomains' roles in plant cell polarity is still in the early stages and will remain an exciting area for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Patricio Pérez-Henríquez
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, China
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14
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Jung JH, Seo PJ, Oh E, Kim J. Temperature perception by plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:924-940. [PMID: 37045740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly face fluctuating ambient temperatures and must adapt to survive under stressful conditions. Temperature affects many aspects of plant growth and development through a complex network of transcriptional responses. Although temperature sensing is a crucial primary step in initiating transcriptional responses via Ca2+ and/or reactive oxygen species signaling, an understanding of how plants perceive temperature has remained elusive. However, recent studies have yielded breakthroughs in our understanding of temperature sensors and thermosensation mechanisms. We review recent findings on potential temperature sensors and emerging thermosensation mechanisms, including biomolecular condensate formation through phase separation in plants. We also compare the temperature perception mechanisms of plants with those of other organisms to provide insights into understanding temperature sensing by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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15
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Guo X, Zhu K, Zhu X, Zhao W, Miao Y. Two-dimensional molecular condensation in cell signaling and mechanosensing. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1064-1074. [PMID: 37475548 PMCID: PMC10423693 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Membraneless organelles (MLO) regulate diverse biological processes in a spatiotemporally controlled manner spanning from inside to outside of the cells. The plasma membrane (PM) at the cell surface serves as a central platform for forming multi-component signaling hubs that sense mechanical and chemical cues during physiological and pathological conditions. During signal transduction, the assembly and formation of membrane-bound MLO are dynamically tunable depending on the physicochemical properties of the surrounding environment and partitioning biomolecules. Biomechanical properties of MLO-associated membrane structures can control the microenvironment for biomolecular interactions and assembly. Lipid-protein complex interactions determine the catalytic region's assembly pattern and assembly rate and, thereby, the amplitude of activities. In this review, we will focus on how cell surface microenvironments, including membrane curvature, surface topology and tension, lipid-phase separation, and adhesion force, guide the assembly of PM-associated MLO for cell signal transductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfu Guo
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637457Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Xinlu Zhu
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637457Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and ScienceNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore636921Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and ScienceNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore636921Singapore
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16
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Huerta AI, Sancho-Andrés G, Montesinos JC, Silva-Navas J, Bassard S, Pau-Roblot C, Kesten C, Schlechter R, Dora S, Ayupov T, Pelloux J, Santiago J, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. The WAK-like protein RFO1 acts as a sensor of the pectin methylation status in Arabidopsis cell walls to modulate root growth and defense. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:865-881. [PMID: 37002606 PMCID: PMC10168605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most organisms adjust their development according to the environmental conditions. For the majority, this implies the sensing of alterations to cell walls caused by different cues. Despite the relevance of this process, few molecular players involved in cell wall sensing are known and characterized. Here, we show that the wall-associated kinase-like protein RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1 (RFO1) is required for plant growth and early defense against Fusarium oxysporum and functions by sensing changes in the pectin methylation levels in the cell wall. The RFO1 dwell time at the plasma membrane is affected by the pectin methylation status at the cell wall, regulating MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE and gene expression. We show that the extracellular domain of RFO1 binds de-methylated pectin in vitro, whose distribution in the cell wall is altered during F. oxysporum infection. Further analyses also indicate that RFO1 is required for the BR-dependent plant growth alteration in response to inhibition of pectin de-methyl-esterase activity at the cell wall. Collectively, our work demonstrates that RFO1 is a sensor of the pectin methylation status that plays a unique dual role in plant growth and defense against vascular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolonio I Huerta
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Javier Silva-Navas
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Kesten
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Schlechter
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Temurkhan Ayupov
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (D-BIOL), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Julia Santiago
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Béziat C, Jaillais Y. Should I stay or should I go: the functional importance and regulation of lipid diffusion in biological membranes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2479-2488. [PMID: 36738265 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly dynamic, in particular due to the constant exchange of vesicles between the different compartments of the cell. In addition, the dynamic nature of membranes is also caused by their inherently fluid properties, with the diffusion of both proteins and lipids within their leaflets. Lipid diffusion is particularly difficult to study in vivo but recent advances in optical microscopy and lipid visualization now enable the characterization of lipid lateral motion, and here we review these methods in plants. We then discuss the parameters that affect lipid diffusion in membranes and explore their consequences on the formation of membrane domains at different scales. Finally, we consider how controlled lipid diffusion affects membrane functions during cell signaling, development, and environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
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18
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Zarreen F, Kumar K, Chakraborty S. Phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction: trends and perspectives. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 37676371 PMCID: PMC10442044 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are important regulatory membrane lipids, with a role in plant development and cellular function. Emerging evidence indicates that phosphoinositides play crucial roles in plant defence and are also utilized by pathogens for infection. In this review, we highlight the role of phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction and the implication of this remarkable convergence in the battle against plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Zarreen
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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19
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Chen W, Zhou H, Xu F, Yu M, Coego A, Rodriguez L, Lu Y, Xie Q, Fu Q, Chen J, Xu G, Wu D, Li X, Li X, Jaillais Y, Rodriguez PL, Zhu S, Yu F. CAR modulates plasma membrane nano-organization and immune signaling downstream of RALF1-FERONIA signaling pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2148-2162. [PMID: 36527240 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the receptor-like kinase (RLK) FERONIA (FER) senses peptide ligands in the plasma membrane (PM), modulates plant growth and development, and integrates biotic and abiotic stress signaling for downstream adaptive responses. However, the molecular interplay of these diverse processes is largely unknown. Here, we show that FER, the receptor of Rapid Alkalinization Factor 1 (RALF1), physically interacts with C2 domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins to control the nano-organization of the PM. During this process, the RALF1-FER pathway upregulates CAR protein translation, and then more CAR proteins are recruited to the PM. This acts as a rapid feedforward loop that stabilizes the PM liquid-ordered phase. FER interacts with and phosphorylates CARs, thereby reducing their lipid-binding ability and breaking the feedback regulation at later time points. The formation of the flg22-induced FLS2-BAK1 immune complex, which depends on the integrity of FER-containing nanodomains, is impaired in fer and pentuple car14569 mutant. Together, we propose that the FER-CAR module controls the formation of PM nano-organization during RALF signaling through a self-contained amplifying loop including both positive and negative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huina Zhou
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Alberto Coego
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qijun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guoyun Xu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dousheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiushan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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20
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Traeger J, Hu D, Yang M, Stacey G, Orr G. Super-Resolution Imaging of Plant Receptor-Like Kinases Uncovers Their Colocalization and Coordination with Nanometer Resolution. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 36837645 PMCID: PMC9958960 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell signaling often relies on the cellular organization of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) within membrane nanodomains to enhance signaling specificity and efficiency. Thus, nanometer-scale quantitative analysis of spatial organizations of RLKs could provide new understanding of mechanisms underlying plant responses to environmental stress. Here, we used stochastic optical reconstruction fluorescence microscopy (STORM) to quantify the colocalization of the flagellin-sensitive-2 (FLS2) receptor and the nanodomain marker, remorin, within Arabidopsis thaliana root hair cells. We found that recovery of FLS2 and remorin in the plasma membrane, following ligand-induced internalization by bacterial-flagellin-peptide (flg22), reached ~85% of their original membrane density after ~90 min. The pairs colocalized at the membrane at greater frequencies, compared with simulated randomly distributed pairs, except for directly after recovery, suggesting initial uncoordinated recovery followed by remorin and FLS2 pairing in the membrane. The purinergic receptor, P2K1, colocalized with remorin at similar frequencies as FLS2, while FLS2 and P2K1 colocalization occurred at significantly lower frequencies, suggesting that these RLKs mostly occupy distinct nanodomains. The chitin elicitor receptor, CERK1, colocalized with FLS2 and remorin at much lower frequencies, suggesting little coordination between CERK1 and FLS2. These findings emphasize STORM's capacity to observe distinct nanodomains and degrees of coordination between plant cell receptors, and their respective immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Traeger
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Mengran Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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21
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Su C, Rodriguez-Franco M, Lace B, Nebel N, Hernandez-Reyes C, Liang P, Schulze E, Mymrikov EV, Gross NM, Knerr J, Wang H, Siukstaite L, Keller J, Libourel C, Fischer AAM, Gabor KE, Mark E, Popp C, Hunte C, Weber W, Wendler P, Stanislas T, Delaux PM, Einsle O, Grosse R, Römer W, Ott T. Stabilization of membrane topologies by proteinaceous remorin scaffolds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:323. [PMID: 36658193 PMCID: PMC9852587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the topological organization of membranes has mainly been attributed to the cell wall and the cytoskeleton. Additionally, few proteins, such as plant-specific remorins have been shown to function as protein and lipid organizers. Root nodule symbiosis requires continuous membrane re-arrangements, with bacteria being finally released from infection threads into membrane-confined symbiosomes. We found that mutations in the symbiosis-specific SYMREM1 gene result in highly disorganized perimicrobial membranes. AlphaFold modelling and biochemical analyses reveal that SYMREM1 oligomerizes into antiparallel dimers and may form a higher-order membrane scaffolding structure. This was experimentally confirmed when expressing this and other remorins in wall-less protoplasts is sufficient where they significantly alter and stabilize de novo membrane topologies ranging from membrane blebs to long membrane tubes with a central actin filament. Reciprocally, mechanically induced membrane indentations were equally stabilized by SYMREM1. Taken together we describe a plant-specific mechanism that allows the stabilization of large-scale membrane conformations independent of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Lace
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Nebel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Casandra Hernandez-Reyes
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pengbo Liang
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eija Schulze
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny V Mymrikov
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolas M Gross
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Knerr
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hong Wang
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lina Siukstaite
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Cyril Libourel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Alexandra A M Fischer
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina E Gabor
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Mark
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Popp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Genetics, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carola Hunte
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Wendler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stanislas
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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22
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Structural determinants of REMORIN nanodomain formation in anionic membranes. Biophys J 2022:S0006-3495(22)03964-9. [PMID: 36582138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Remorins are a family of multigenic plasma membrane phosphoproteins involved in biotic and abiotic plant interaction mechanisms, partnering in molecular signaling cascades. Signaling activity of remorins depends on their phosphorylation states and subsequent clustering into nanosized membrane domains. The presence of a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal domain is crucial to anchor remorins to negatively charged membrane domains; however, the exact role of the N-terminal intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) on protein clustering and lipid interactions is largely unknown. Here, we combine chemical biology and imaging approaches to study the partitioning of group 1 remorin into anionic model membranes mimicking the inner leaflet of the plant plasma membrane. Using reconstituted membranes containing a mix of saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol phosphates, and sterol, we investigate the clustering of remorins to the membrane and monitor the formation of nanosized membrane domains. REM1.3 promoted membrane nanodomain organization on the exposed external leaflet of both spherical lipid vesicles and flat supported lipid bilayers. Our results reveal that REM1.3 drives a mechanism allowing lipid reorganization, leading to the formation of remorin-enriched nanodomains. Phosphorylation of the N-terminal IDD by the calcium protein kinase CPK3 influences this clustering and can lead to the formation of smaller and more disperse domains. Our work reveals the phosphate-dependent involvement of the N-terminal IDD in the remorin-membrane interaction process by driving structural rearrangements at lipid-water interfaces.
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23
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Philippi M, Richter CP, Kappen M, Watrinet I, Miao Y, Runge M, Jorde L, Korneev S, Holtmannspötter M, Kurre R, Holthuis JCM, Garcia KC, Plückthun A, Steinhart M, Piehler J, You C. Biofunctional Nanodot Arrays in Living Cells Uncover Synergistic Co-Condensation of Wnt Signalodroplets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203723. [PMID: 36266931 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of transient signaling platforms in the plasma membrane has remained a key experimental challenge. Here, biofunctional nanodot arrays (bNDAs) are developed to spatially control dimerization and clustering of cell surface receptors at the nanoscale. High-contrast bNDAs with spot diameters of ≈300 nm are obtained by capillary nanostamping of bovine serum albumin bioconjugates, which are subsequently biofunctionalized by reaction with tandem anti-green fluorescence protein (GFP) clamp fusions. Spatially controlled assembly of active Wnt signalosomes is achieved at the nanoscale in the plasma membrane of live cells by capturing the co-receptor Lrp6 into bNDAs via an extracellular GFP tag. Strikingly, co-recruitment is observed of co-receptor Frizzled-8 as well as the cytosolic scaffold proteins Axin-1 and Disheveled-2 into Lrp6 nanodots in the absence of ligand. Density variation and the high dynamics of effector proteins uncover highly cooperative liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-driven assembly of Wnt "signalodroplets" at the plasma membrane, pinpointing the synergistic effects of LLPS for Wnt signaling amplification. These insights highlight the potential of bNDAs for systematically interrogating nanoscale signaling platforms and condensation at the plasma membrane of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Philippi
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian P Richter
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marie Kappen
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Isabelle Watrinet
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mercedes Runge
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lara Jorde
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sergej Korneev
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Holtmannspötter
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rainer Kurre
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Martin Steinhart
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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24
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Kordyum EL, Artemenko OA, Hasenstein KH. Lipid Rafts and Plant Gravisensitivity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1809. [PMID: 36362962 PMCID: PMC9695138 DOI: 10.3390/life12111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity to include plants as a component of a Bioregenerative Life Support System leads to investigations to optimize plant growth facilities as well as a better understanding of the plant cell membrane and its numerous activities in the signaling, transport, and sensing of gravity, drought, and other stressors. The cell membrane participates in numerous processes, including endo- and exocytosis and cell division, and is involved in the response to external stimuli. Variable but stabilized microdomains form in membranes that include specific lipids and proteins that became known as (detergent-resistant) membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts with various subclassifications. The composition, especially the sterol-dependent recruitment of specific proteins affects endo- and exo-membrane domains as well as plasmodesmata. The enhanced saturated fatty acid content in lipid rafts after clinorotation suggests increased rigidity and reduced membrane permeability as a primary response to abiotic and mechanical stress. These results can also be obtained with lipid-sensitive stains. The linkage of the CM to the cytoskeleton via rafts is part of the complex interactions between lipid microdomains, mechanosensitive ion channels, and the organization of the cytoskeleton. These intricately linked structures and functions provide multiple future research directions to elucidate the role of lipid rafts in physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Kordyum
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga A. Artemenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Karl H. Hasenstein
- Biology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
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25
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Kastner C, Wagner VC, Fratini M, Dobritzsch D, Fuszard M, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. The pollen-specific class VIII-myosin ATM2 from Arabidopsis thaliana associates with the plasma membrane through a polybasic region binding anionic phospholipids. Biochimie 2022; 203:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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26
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Cervantes-Pérez SA, Libault M. Cell-Type-Specific Profiling of the Arabidopsis thaliana Membrane Protein-Encoding Genes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:874. [PMID: 36135893 PMCID: PMC9506093 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins work in large complexes to perceive and transduce external signals and to trigger a cellular response leading to the adaptation of the cells to their environment. Biochemical assays have been extensively used to reveal the interaction between membrane proteins. However, such analyses do not reveal the unique and complex composition of the membrane proteins of the different plant cell types. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression of Arabidopsis membrane proteins in the different cell types composing the root. Specifically, we analyzed the expression of genes encoding membrane proteins interacting in large complexes. We found that the transcriptional profiles of membrane protein-encoding genes differ between Arabidopsis root cell types. This result suggests that different cell types are characterized by specific sets of plasma membrane proteins, which are likely a reflection of their unique biological functions and interactions. To further explore the complexity of the Arabidopsis root cell membrane proteomes, we conducted a co-expression analysis of genes encoding interacting membrane proteins. This study confirmed previously reported interactions between membrane proteins, suggesting that the co-expression of genes at the single cell-type level can be used to support protein network predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alan Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
- Single Cell Genomics Core Facility, Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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27
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Marković V, Jaillais Y. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate: a key determinant of plasma membrane identity and function in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:867-874. [PMID: 35586972 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is an anionic phospholipid which has been described as a master regulator of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells. However, recent evidence suggests that PI4P mainly accumulates at the plasma membrane in all plant cells analyzed so far. In addition, many functions that are typically attributed to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) in animal and yeast cells are also supported by PI4P in plants. For example, PI4P is the key anionic lipid that powers the strong electrostatic properties of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is also required for the establishment of stable membrane contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, for exocytosis and to support signaling pathways. Thus, we propose that PI4P has a prominent role in specifying the identity of the plasma membrane and in supporting some of its key functions and should be considered a hallmark lipid of this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Marković
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
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28
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Ma Z, Zhu K, Gao Y, Tan S, Miao Y. Molecular condensation and mechanoregulation of plant class I formin, an integrin‐like actin nucleator. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yong‐Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Suet‐Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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29
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Lara-Mondragón CM, Dorchak A, MacAlister CA. O-glycosylation of the extracellular domain of pollen class I formins modulates their plasma membrane mobility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3929-3945. [PMID: 35383367 PMCID: PMC9232206 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, linkage between the cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and cell wall is crucial for maintaining cell shape. In highly polarized pollen tubes, this coordination is especially important to allow rapid tip growth and successful fertilization. Class I formins contain cytoplasmic actin-nucleating formin homology domains as well as a proline-rich extracellular domain and are candidate coordination factors. Here, using Arabidopsis, we investigated the functional significance of the extracellular domain of two pollen-expressed class I formins: AtFH3, which does not have a polar localization, and AtFH5, which is limited to the growing tip region. We show that the extracellular domain of both is necessary for their function, and identify distinct O-glycans attached to these sequences, AtFH5 being hydroxyproline-arabinosylated and AtFH3 carrying arabinogalactan chains. Loss of hydroxyproline arabinosylation altered the plasma membrane localization of AtFH5 and disrupted actin cytoskeleton organization. Moreover, we show that O-glycans differentially affect lateral mobility in the plasma membrane. Together, our results support a model of protein sub-functionalization in which AtFH5 and AtFH3, restricted to specific plasma membrane domains by their extracellular domains and the glycans attached to them, organize distinct subarrays of actin during pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Lara-Mondragón
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandria Dorchak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Regulators regulated: Different layers of control for plasma membrane phosphoinositides in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102218. [PMID: 35504191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The membranes of plant cells serve diverse physiological roles, which are defined largely by the localized and dynamic recruitment of proteins. Signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides, can aid protein recruitment to the plasma membrane via specific recognition of their head groups and influence vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and other processes, with ramifications for plant tissue architecture and development. Phosphoinositide abundance is dynamically regulated. Recent advances indicate various levels of control during development or upon environmental triggers, including transcriptional or posttranslational regulation of enzymes balancing biogenesis and degradation, or the nano-organization of membranes into self-organizing physiologically distinct microenvironments. As patterns of interlinked mechanisms emerge, the horizons of what we do not understand become more and more defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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31
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An Arabidopsis mutant deficient in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinases ß1 and ß2 displays altered auxin-related responses in roots. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6947. [PMID: 35484296 PMCID: PMC9051118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are the first enzymes that commit phosphatidylinositol into the phosphoinositide pathway. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings deficient in PI4Kβ1 and β2 have several developmental defects including shorter roots and unfinished cytokinesis. The pi4kβ1β2 double mutant was insensitive to exogenous auxin concerning inhibition of root length and cell elongation; it also responded more slowly to gravistimulation. The pi4kß1ß2 root transcriptome displayed some similarities to a wild type plant response to auxin. Yet, not all the genes displayed such a constitutive auxin-like response. Besides, most assessed genes did not respond to exogenous auxin. This is consistent with data with the transcriptional reporter DR5-GUS. The content of bioactive auxin in the pi4kß1ß2 roots was similar to that in wild-type ones. Yet, an enhanced auxin-conjugating activity was detected and the auxin level reporter DII-VENUS did not respond to exogenous auxin in pi4kß1ß2 mutant. The mutant exhibited altered subcellular trafficking behavior including the trapping of PIN-FORMED 2 protein in rapidly moving vesicles. Bigger and less fragmented vacuoles were observed in pi4kß1ß2 roots when compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the actin filament web of the pi4kß1ß2 double mutant was less dense than in wild-type seedling roots, and less prone to rebuilding after treatment with latrunculin B. A mechanistic model is proposed in which an altered PI4K activity leads to actin filament disorganization, changes in vesicle trafficking, and altered auxin homeostasis and response resulting in a pleiotropic root phenotypes.
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32
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Xu G, Moeder W, Yoshioka K, Shan L. A tale of many families: calcium channels in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1551-1567. [PMID: 35134212 PMCID: PMC9048905 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants launch a concerted immune response to dampen potential infections upon sensing microbial pathogen and insect invasions. The transient and rapid elevation of the cytosolic calcium concentration [Ca2+]cyt is among the essential early cellular responses in plant immunity. The free Ca2+ concentration in the apoplast is far higher than that in the resting cytoplasm. Thus, the precise regulation of calcium channel activities upon infection is the key for an immediate and dynamic Ca2+ influx to trigger downstream signaling. Specific Ca2+ signatures in different branches of the plant immune system vary in timing, amplitude, duration, kinetics, and sources of Ca2+. Recent breakthroughs in the studies of diverse groups of classical calcium channels highlight the instrumental role of Ca2+ homeostasis in plant immunity and cell survival. Additionally, the identification of some immune receptors as noncanonical Ca2+-permeable channels opens a new view of how immune receptors initiate cell death and signaling. This review aims to provide an overview of different Ca2+-conducting channels in plant immunity and highlight their molecular and genetic mode-of-actions in facilitating immune signaling. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms that control the stability and activity of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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33
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Ma Z, Sun Y, Zhu X, Yang L, Chen X, Miao Y. Membrane nanodomains modulate formin condensation for actin remodeling in Arabidopsis innate immune responses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:374-394. [PMID: 34726756 PMCID: PMC8774048 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of macromolecules on the plasma membrane concentrates cell surface biomolecules into nanometer- to micrometer-scale clusters (nano- or microdomains) that help the cell initiate or respond to signals. In plant-microbe interactions, the actin cytoskeleton undergoes rapid remodeling during pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). The nanoclustering of formin-actin nucleator proteins at the cell surface has been identified as underlying actin nucleation during plant innate immune responses. Here, we show that the condensation of nanodomain constituents and the self-assembly of remorin proteins enables this mechanism of controlling formin condensation and activity during innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through intrinsically disordered region-mediated remorin oligomerization and formin interaction, remorin gradually recruits and condenses formins upon PTI activation in lipid bilayers, consequently increasing actin nucleation in a time-dependent manner postinfection. Such nanodomain- and remorin-mediated regulation of plant surface biomolecules is expected to be a general feature of plant innate immune responses that creates spatially separated biochemical compartments and fine tunes membrane physicochemical properties for transduction of immune signals in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yanbiao Sun
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinlu Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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34
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Codjoe JM, Miller K, Haswell ES. Plant cell mechanobiology: Greater than the sum of its parts. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:129-145. [PMID: 34524447 PMCID: PMC8773992 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to sense and respond to physical forces is critical for the proper function of cells, tissues, and organisms across the evolutionary tree. Plants sense gravity, osmotic conditions, pathogen invasion, wind, and the presence of barriers in the soil, and dynamically integrate internal and external stimuli during every stage of growth and development. While the field of plant mechanobiology is growing, much is still poorly understood-including the interplay between mechanical and biochemical information at the single-cell level. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanical properties of three main components of the plant cell and the mechanoperceptive pathways that link them, with an emphasis on areas of complexity and interaction. We discuss the concept of mechanical homeostasis, or "mechanostasis," and examine the ways in which cellular structures and pathways serve to maintain it. We argue that viewing mechanics and mechanotransduction as emergent properties of the plant cell can be a useful conceptual framework for synthesizing current knowledge and driving future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennette M Codjoe
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Kari Miller
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
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35
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Colin L, Martin-Arevalillo R, Bovio S, Bauer A, Vernoux T, Caillaud MC, Landrein B, Jaillais Y. Imaging the living plant cell: From probes to quantification. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:247-272. [PMID: 34586412 PMCID: PMC8774089 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At the center of cell biology is our ability to image the cell and its various components, either in isolation or within an organism. Given its importance, biological imaging has emerged as a field of its own, which is inherently highly interdisciplinary. Indeed, biologists rely on physicists and engineers to build new microscopes and imaging techniques, chemists to develop better imaging probes, and mathematicians and computer scientists for image analysis and quantification. Live imaging collectively involves all the techniques aimed at imaging live samples. It is a rapidly evolving field, with countless new techniques, probes, and dyes being continuously developed. Some of these new methods or reagents are readily amenable to image plant samples, while others are not and require specific modifications for the plant field. Here, we review some recent advances in live imaging of plant cells. In particular, we discuss the solutions that plant biologists use to live image membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton components, hormones, and the mechanical properties of cells or tissues. We not only consider the imaging techniques per se, but also how the construction of new fluorescent probes and analysis pipelines are driving the field of plant cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Colin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Raquel Martin-Arevalillo
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Simone Bovio
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
- LYMIC-PLATIM imaging and microscopy core facility, Univ Lyon, SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS3444, UCBL-50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Bauer
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
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36
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Noack LC, Bayle V, Armengot L, Rozier F, Mamode-Cassim A, Stevens FD, Caillaud MC, Munnik T, Mongrand S, Pleskot R, Jaillais Y. A nanodomain-anchored scaffolding complex is required for the function and localization of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:302-332. [PMID: 34010411 PMCID: PMC8774046 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are low-abundant lipids that participate in the acquisition of membrane identity through their spatiotemporal enrichment in specific compartments. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) accumulates at the plant plasma membrane driving its high electrostatic potential, and thereby facilitating interactions with polybasic regions of proteins. PI4Kα1 has been suggested to produce PI4P at the plasma membrane, but how it is recruited to this compartment is unknown. Here, we pin-point the mechanism that tethers Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha1 (PI4Kα1) to the plasma membrane via a nanodomain-anchored scaffolding complex. We established that PI4Kα1 is part of a complex composed of proteins from the NO-POLLEN-GERMINATION, EFR3-OF-PLANTS, and HYCCIN-CONTAINING families. Comprehensive knockout and knockdown strategies revealed that subunits of the PI4Kα1 complex are essential for pollen, embryonic, and post-embryonic development. We further found that the PI4Kα1 complex is immobilized in plasma membrane nanodomains. Using synthetic mis-targeting strategies, we demonstrate that a combination of lipid anchoring and scaffolding localizes PI4Kα1 to the plasma membrane, which is essential for its function. Together, this work opens perspectives on the mechanisms and function of plasma membrane nanopatterning by lipid kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Rozier
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Adiilah Mamode-Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Floris D Stevens
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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37
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Gronnier J, Franck CM, Stegmann M, DeFalco TA, Abarca A, von Arx M, Dünser K, Lin W, Yang Z, Kleine-Vehn J, Ringli C, Zipfel C. Regulation of immune receptor kinase plasma membrane nanoscale organization by a plant peptide hormone and its receptors. eLife 2022; 11:74162. [PMID: 34989334 PMCID: PMC8791635 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial partitioning is a propensity of biological systems orchestrating cell activities in space and time. The dynamic regulation of plasma membrane nano-environments has recently emerged as a key fundamental aspect of plant signaling, but the molecular components governing it are still mostly unclear. The receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) controls ligand-induced complex formation of the immune receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) with its co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1), and perception of the endogenous peptide hormone RAPID ALKALANIZATION FACTOR 23 (RALF23) by FER inhibits immunity. Here, we show that FER regulates the plasma membrane nanoscale organization of FLS2 and BAK1. Our study demonstrates that akin to FER, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extensin proteins (LRXs) contribute to RALF23 responsiveness and regulate BAK1 nanoscale organization and immune signaling. Furthermore, RALF23 perception leads to rapid modification of FLS2 and BAK1 nanoscale organization, and its inhibitory activity on immune signaling relies on FER kinase activity. Our results suggest that perception of RALF peptides by FER and LRXs actively modulates plasma membrane nanoscale organization to regulate cell surface signaling by other ligand-binding receptor kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Christina M Franck
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stegmann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Abarca
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle von Arx
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Dünser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenwei Lin
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia, Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia, Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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38
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Lichocka M, Krzymowska M, Górecka M, Hennig J. Arabidopsis annexin 5 is involved in maintenance of pollen membrane integrity and permeability. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:94-109. [PMID: 34522949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, a dry stigma surface enables a gradual hydration of pollen grains by a controlled release of water. Occasionally the grains may be exposed to extreme precipitations that cause rapid water influx and swelling, eventually leading to pollen membrane rupture. In metazoans, calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins, referred to as annexins, participate in the repair of plasma membrane damages. It remains unclear, however, how this process is conducted in plants. Here, we examined whether plant annexin 5 (ANN5), the most abundant member of the annexin family in pollen, is involved in the restoration of pollen membrane integrity. We analyzed the cellular dynamics of ANN5 in pollen grains undergoing hydration in favorable or stress conditions. We observed a transient association of ANN5 with the pollen membrane during in vitro hydration that did not occur in the pollen grains being hydrated on the stigma. To simulate a rainfall, we performed spraying of the pollinated stigma with deionized water that induced ANN5 accumulation at the pollen membrane. Interestingly, calcium or magnesium application affected pollen membrane properties differently, causing rupture or shrinkage of pollen membrane, respectively. Both treatments, however, induced ANN5 recruitment to the pollen membrane. Our data suggest a model in which ANN5 is involved in the maintenance of membrane integrity in pollen grains exposed to osmotic or ionic imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lichocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krzymowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Hennig
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Ortiz-Morea FA, Liu J, Shan L, He P. Malectin-like receptor kinases as protector deities in plant immunity. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:27-37. [PMID: 34931075 PMCID: PMC9059209 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant malectin-like receptor kinases (MLRs), also known as Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase-1-like proteins, are well known for their functions in pollen tube reception and tip growth, cell wall integrity sensing, and hormonal responses. Recently, mounting evidence has indicated a critical role for MLRs in plant immunity. Here we focus on the emerging functions of MLRs in modulating the two-tiered immune system mediated by cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). MLRs complex with PRRs and NLRs and regulate immune receptor complex formation and stability. Rapid alkalinization factor peptide ligands, LORELEI-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and cell-wall-associated leucine-rich repeat extensins coordinate with MLRs to orchestrate PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. We discuss the common theme and unique features of MLR complexes concatenating different branches of plant immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Amazonian Research Center Cimaz-Macagual, University of the Amazon, Florencia, Colombia
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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40
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Marhava P. Recent developments in the understanding of PIN polarity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:624-630. [PMID: 34882802 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polar localization of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, thereby regulating diverse aspects of plant development. Here I summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which PIN polarity is established, maintained and rearranged to provide a glimpse into the complexity of PIN polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marhava
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
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41
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McKenna JF. Quantifying the Organization and Dynamics of the Plant Plasma Membrane Across Scales Using Light Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2457:233-251. [PMID: 35349144 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell surface continuum is composed of the cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton. Plasmodesmata are specialized channels in the cell wall allowing intercellular communication and resource distribution. Proteins within these organelles play fundamental roles in development, perception of the external environment, and resource acquisition. Therefore, an understanding of protein dynamics and organization within the membrane and plasmodesmata is of fundamental importance to understanding both how plants develop as well as perceive the myriad of external stimuli they experience and initiate appropriate downstream responses. In this chapter, I will describe protocols for quantifying the dynamics and organization of the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata proteins across scales. The protocols described below allow researchers to determine bulk protein mobility within the membrane using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), imaging, and quantification of nanodomain size (with Airyscan confocal microscopy) and determining the dynamics of these nanodomains at the single particle level using total internal reflection (TIRF) single particle imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F McKenna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Oxford Brookes University, Gypsy Lane, UK.
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42
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Martinière A, Zelazny E. Membrane nanodomains and transport functions in plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1839-1855. [PMID: 35235669 PMCID: PMC8644385 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Far from a homogeneous environment, biological membranes are highly structured with lipids and proteins segregating in domains of different sizes and dwell times. In addition, membranes are highly dynamics especially in response to environmental stimuli. Understanding the impact of the nanoscale organization of membranes on cellular functions is an outstanding question. Plant channels and transporters are tightly regulated to ensure proper cell nutrition and signaling. Increasing evidence indicates that channel and transporter nano-organization within membranes plays an important role in these regulation mechanisms. Here, we review recent advances in the field of ion, water, but also hormone transport in plants, focusing on protein organization within plasma membrane nanodomains and its cellular and physiological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enric Zelazny
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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43
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Gorelova V, Sprakel J, Weijers D. Plant cell polarity as the nexus of tissue mechanics and morphogenesis. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1548-1559. [PMID: 34887521 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
How reproducible body patterns emerge from the collective activity of individual cells is a key question in developmental biology. Plant cells are encaged in their walls and unable to migrate. Morphogenesis thus relies on directional cell division, by precise positioning of division planes, and anisotropic cellular growth, mediated by regulated mechanical inhomogeneity of the walls. Both processes require the prior establishment of cell polarity, marked by the formation of polar domains at the plasma membrane, in a number of developmental contexts. The establishment of cell polarity involves biochemical cues, but increasing evidence suggests that mechanical forces also play a prominent instructive role. While evidence for mutual regulation between cell polarity and tissue mechanics is emerging, the nature of this bidirectional feedback remains unclear. Here we review the role of cell polarity at the interface of tissue mechanics and morphogenesis. We also aim to integrate biochemistry-centred insights with concepts derived from physics and physical chemistry. Lastly, we propose a set of questions that will help address the fundamental nature of cell polarization and its mechanistic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gorelova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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44
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Rondelli V, Koutsioubas A, Pršić J, Deboever E, Crowet JM, Lins L, Deleu M. Sitosterol and glucosylceramide cooperative transversal and lateral uneven distribution in plant membranes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21618. [PMID: 34732753 PMCID: PMC8566578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of biomembranes depend on the presence, local structure and relative distribution assumed by the thousands of components it is made of. As for animal cells, plant membranes have been demonstrated to be organized in subdomains with different persistence lengths and times. In plant cells, sitosterol has been demonstrated to confer to phospholipid membranes a more ordered structure while among lipids, glycosphingolipids are claimed to form rafts where they tightly pack with sterols. Glucosylceramides are glycosphingolipids involved in plant signalling and are essential for viability of cells and whole plant. The glucosylceramide-sitosterol structural coupling within PLPC membranes is here investigated by Langmuir films, in silico simulations and neutron reflectometry, unveiling that a strong direct interaction between the two molecules exists and governs their lateral and transversal distribution within membrane leaflets. The understanding of the driving forces governing specific molecules clustering and segregation in subdomains, such as glucosylceramide and sitosterol, have an impact on the mechanical properties of biomembranes and could reflect in the other membrane molecules partitioning and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rondelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany.
| | - J Pršić
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory (MiPI), TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - E Deboever
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.,Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.,FytoFend S.A., rue Georges Legrand, 6, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - J M Crowet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - L Lins
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - M Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
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45
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Garnelo Gómez B, Holzwart E, Shi C, Lozano-Durán R, Wolf S. Phosphorylation-dependent routing of RLP44 towards brassinosteroid or phytosulfokine signalling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272537. [PMID: 34569597 PMCID: PMC8572011 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on cell surface receptors to integrate developmental and environmental cues into behaviour adapted to the conditions. The largest group of these receptors, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, form a complex interaction network that is modulated and extended by receptor-like proteins. This raises the question of how specific outputs can be generated when receptor proteins are engaged in a plethora of promiscuous interactions. RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 44 (RLP44) acts to promote both brassinosteroid and phytosulfokine signalling, which orchestrate diverse cellular responses. However, it is unclear how these activities are coordinated. Here, we show that RLP44 is phosphorylated in its highly conserved cytosolic tail and that this post-translational modification governs its subcellular localization. Whereas phosphorylation is essential for brassinosteroid-associated functions of RLP44, its role in phytosulfokine signalling is not affected by phospho-status. Detailed mutational analysis suggests that phospho-charge, rather than modification of individual amino acids determines routing of RLP44 to its target receptor complexes, providing a framework to understand how a common component of different receptor complexes can get specifically engaged in a particular signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Garnelo Gómez
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China
| | - Eleonore Holzwart
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaonan Shi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602China.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, INF230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Plant Sterol Clustering Correlates with Membrane Microdomains as Revealed by Optical and Computational Microscopy. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100747. [PMID: 34677513 PMCID: PMC8539253 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Local inhomogeneities in lipid composition play a crucial role in the regulation of signal transduction and membrane traffic. This is particularly the case for plant plasma membrane, which is enriched in specific lipids, such as free and conjugated forms of phytosterols and typical phytosphingolipids. Nevertheless, most evidence for microdomains in cells remains indirect, and the nature of membrane inhomogeneities has been difficult to characterize. We used a new push–pull pyrene probe and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with all-atom multiscale molecular dynamics simulations to provide a detailed view on the interaction between phospholipids and phytosterol and the effect of modulating cellular phytosterols on membrane-associated microdomains and phase separation formation. Our understanding of the organization principles of biomembranes is limited mainly by the challenge to measure distributions and interactions of lipids and proteins within the complex environment of living cells. Comparing phospholipids/phytosterol compositions typical of liquid-disordered (Ld) and liquid-ordered (Lo) domains, we furthermore show that phytosterols play crucial roles in membrane homeostasis. The simulation work highlights how state-of-the-art modeling alleviates some of the prior concerns and how unrefuted discoveries can be made through a computational microscope. Altogether, our results support the role of phytosterols in the lateral structuring of the PM of plant cells and suggest that they are key compounds for the formation of plant PM microdomains and the lipid-ordered phase.
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Pathogens and Elicitors Induce Local and Systemic Changes in Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Roots and in Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090920. [PMID: 34571797 PMCID: PMC8465621 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Abiotic and biotic stress conditions result in profound changes in plant lipid metabolism. Vegetable oil consists of triacylglycerols, which are important energy and carbon storage compounds in seeds of various plant species. These compounds are also present in vegetative tissue, and levels have been reported to increase with different abiotic stresses in leaves. This work shows that triacylglycerols accumulate in roots and in distal, non-treated leaves upon treatment with a fungal pathogen or lipopolysaccharide (a common bacterial-derived elicitor in animals and plants). Treatment of leaves with a bacterial pathogen or a bacterial effector molecule results in triacylglycerol accumulation in leaves, but not systemically in roots. These results suggest that elicitor molecules are sufficient to induce an increase in triacylglycerol levels, and that unidirectional long-distance signaling from roots to leaves is involved in pathogen and elicitor-induced triacylglycerol accumulation. Abstract Interaction of plants with the environment affects lipid metabolism. Changes in the pattern of phospholipids have been reported in response to abiotic stress, particularly accumulation of triacylglycerols, but less is known about the alteration of lipid metabolism in response to biotic stress and leaves have been more intensively studied than roots. This work investigates the levels of lipids in roots as well as leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to pathogens and elicitor molecules by UPLC-TOF-MS. Triacylglycerol levels increased in roots and systemically in leaves upon treatment of roots with the fungus Verticillium longisporum. Upon spray infection of leaves with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, triacylglycerols accumulated locally in leaves but not in roots. Treatment of roots with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicitor induced a strong triacylglycerol accumulation in roots and leaves. Induction of the expression of the bacterial effector AVRRPM1 resulted in a dramatic increase of triacylglycerol levels in leaves, indicating that elicitor molecules are sufficient to induce accumulation of triacylglycerols. These results give insight into local and systemic changes to lipid metabolism in roots and leaves in response to biotic stresses.
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Lee DH, Lee HS, Belkhadir Y. Coding of plant immune signals by surface receptors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102044. [PMID: 33979769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of molecular signals derived from other organisms is central to the evolutionary success of plants in the colonization of Earth. The sensory coding of these signals is critical for marshaling local and systemic immune responses that keep most invading organisms at bay. Plants detect immune signals inside and outside their cells using receptors. Here, we focus on receptors that function at the cell surface. We present recent work that expands our understanding of the repertoire of immune signals sensed by this family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Hwa Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria.
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Novikova DD, Korosteleva AL, Mironova V, Jaillais Y. Meet your MAKR: the membrane-associated kinase regulator protein family in the regulation of plant development. FEBS J 2021; 289:6172-6186. [PMID: 34288456 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A small family composed of BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR1 (BKI1) and MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED KINASE REGULATORS (MAKRs) has recently captured the attention of plant biologists, due to their involvement in developmental processes downstream of hormones and Receptor-Like Kinases (RLK) signalling. BKI1/MAKRs are intrinsically disordered proteins (so-called unstructured proteins) and as such lack specific domains. Instead, they are defined by the presence of two conserved linear motifs involved in the interaction with lipids and proteins, respectively. Here, we first relate the discovery of the MAKR gene family. Then, we review the individual function of characterized family members and discuss their shared and specific modes of action. Finally, we explore and summarize the structural, comparative and functional genomics data available on this gene family. Together, this review aims at building a comprehensive reference about BKI1/MAKR protein function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria D Novikova
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia L Korosteleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Hossain MM, Pérez-López E, Todd CD, Wei Y, Bonham-Smith PC. Endomembrane-Targeting Plasmodiophora brassicae Effectors Modulate PAMP Triggered Immune Responses in Plants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651279. [PMID: 34276588 PMCID: PMC8282356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating obligate, intracellular, biotrophic pathogen that causes clubroot disease in crucifer plants. Disease progression is regulated by effector proteins secreted by P. brassicae. Twelve P. brassicae putative effectors (PbPEs), expressed at various stages of disease development [0, 2, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post inoculation (DPI)] in Arabidopsis and localizing to the plant endomembrane system, were studied for their roles in pathogenesis. Of the 12 PbPEs, seven showed an inhibitory effect on programmed cell death (PCD) as triggered by the PCD inducers, PiINF1 (Phytophthora infestans Infestin 1) and PiNPP1 (P. infestans necrosis causing protein). Showing the strongest level of PCD suppression, PbPE15, a member of the 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe (II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily and with gene expression during later stages of infection, appears to have a role in tumorigenesis as well as defense signaling in plants. PbPE13 produced an enhanced PiINF1-induced PCD response. Transient expression, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves of these PbPEs minus the signal peptide (SP) (Δsp PbPEGFPs), showed localization to the endomembrane system, targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi bodies and nucleo-cytoplasm, suggesting roles in manipulating plant cell secretion and vesicle trafficking. Δsp PbPE13GFP localized to plasma membrane (PM) lipid rafts with an association to plasmodesmata, suggesting a role at the cell-to-cell communication junction. Membrane relocalization of Δsp PbPE13GFP, triggered by flagellin N-terminus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (flg22 - known to elicit a PAMP triggered immune response in plants), supports its involvement in raft-mediated immune signaling. This study is an important step in deciphering P. brassicae effector roles in the disruption of plant immunity to clubroot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edel Pérez-López
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laval University, CRIV, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher D Todd
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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