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Qiao K, Lv J, Hao J, Zhao C, Fan S, Ma Q. Identification of cotton PIP5K genes and role of GhPIP5K9a in primary root development. Gene 2024; 921:148532. [PMID: 38705423 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) is crucial for the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling pathway. It plays a significant role in plant growth and development, as well as stress response. However, its effects on cotton are unknown. This study identified PIP5K genes from four cotton species and conducted bioinformatic analyses, with a particular emphasis on the functions of GhPIP5K9a in primary roots. The results showed that cotton PIP5Ks were classified into four subgroups. Analysis of gene structure and motif composition showed obvious conservation within each subgroup. Synteny analysis suggested that the PIP5K gene family experienced significant expansion due to both whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication. Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that the majority of GhPIP5K genes had the either low or undetectable levels of expression. Moreover, GhPIP5K9a is highly expressed in the root and was located in plasmalemma. Suppression of GhPIP5K9a transcripts resulted in longer primary roots, longer primary root cells and increased auxin polar transport-related genes expression, and decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content, indicating that GhPIP5K9a negatively regulates cotton primary root growth. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the role of the PIP5K genes in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Juxin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
| | - Qifeng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
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2
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Qi W, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhang P, Xing J, Chen Y, Zhang L. Endocytic recycling in plants: pathways and regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4712-4728. [PMID: 38655916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endocytic recycling is an intracellular trafficking pathway that returns endocytosed molecules to the plasma membrane via the recycling endosome. This pathway plays a crucial role in remodelling plasma membrane composition and is thus essential for cellular homeostasis. In plants, endocytic recycling regulates the localization and abundance of receptors, transporters, and channels at the plasma membrane that are involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. Despite its importance, the recycling endosome and the underlying sorting mechanisms for cargo recycling in plants remain understudied in comparison to the endocytic recycling pathways in animals. In this review, we focus on the cumulative evidence suggesting the existence of endosomes decorated by regulators that contribute to recycling in plant cells. We summarize the chemical inhibitors used for analysing cargo recycling and discuss recent advances in our understanding of how endocytic recycling participates in various plant cellular and physiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Qi
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengting Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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3
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Goldberg A, O'Connor P, Gonzalez C, Ouren M, Rivera L, Radde N, Nguyen M, Ponce-Herrera F, Lloyd A, Gonzalez A. Genetic interaction between TTG2 and AtPLC1 reveals a role for phosphoinositide signaling in a co-regulated suite of Arabidopsis epidermal pathways. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9752. [PMID: 38679676 PMCID: PMC11056374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The TTG2 transcription factor of Arabidopsis regulates a set of epidermal traits, including the differentiation of leaf trichomes, flavonoid pigment production in cells of the inner testa (or seed coat) layer and mucilage production in specialized cells of the outer testa layer. Despite the fact that TTG2 has been known for over twenty years as an important regulator of multiple developmental pathways, little has been discovered about the downstream mechanisms by which TTG2 co-regulates these epidermal features. In this study, we present evidence of phosphoinositide lipid signaling as a mechanism for the regulation of TTG2-dependent epidermal pathways. Overexpression of the AtPLC1 gene rescues the trichome and seed coat phenotypes of the ttg2-1 mutant plant. Moreover, in the case of seed coat color rescue, AtPLC1 overexpression restored expression of the TTG2 flavonoid pathway target genes, TT12 and TT13/AHA10. Consistent with these observations, a dominant AtPLC1 T-DNA insertion allele (plc1-1D) promotes trichome development in both wild-type and ttg2-3 plants. Also, AtPLC1 promoter:GUS analysis shows expression in trichomes and this expression appears dependent on TTG2. Taken together, the discovery of a genetic interaction between TTG2 and AtPLC1 suggests a role for phosphoinositide signaling in the regulation of trichome development, flavonoid pigment biosynthesis and the differentiation of mucilage-producing cells of the seed coat. This finding provides new avenues for future research at the intersection of the TTG2-dependent developmental pathways and the numerous molecular and cellular phenomena influenced by phospholipid signaling.
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Grants
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- US National Science Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleah Goldberg
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Cassandra Gonzalez
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Mason Ouren
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Luis Rivera
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Noor Radde
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Felipe Ponce-Herrera
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alan Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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4
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Wu Y, Mu M, Jiang J, Nie W, Zhao S, Cui G, Yin X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of NAC transcription factor family members in Trifolium pratense and expression analysis under lead stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:128. [PMID: 38297198 PMCID: PMC10829316 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NAC TF family is widely involved in plant responses to various types of stress. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a high-quality legume, and the study of NAC genes in red clover has not been comprehensive. The aim of this study was to analyze the NAC gene family of red clover at the whole-genome level and explore its potential role in the Pb stress response. RESULTS In this study, 72 TpNAC genes were identified from red clover; collinearity analysis showed that there were 5 pairs of large fragment replicators of TpNAC genes, and red clover was found to be closely related to Medicago truncatula. Interestingly, the TpNAC genes have more homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana than in soybean (Glycine max). There are many elements in the TpNAC genes promoters that respond to stress. Gene expression analysis showed that all the TpNAC genes responded to Pb stress. qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of TpNAC29 and TpNAC42 were significantly decreased after Pb stress. Protein interaction network analysis showed that 21 TpNACs and 23 other genes participated in the interaction. In addition, the TpNAC proteins had three possible 3D structures, and the secondary structure of these proteins were mainly of other types. These results indicated that most TpNAC members were involved in the regulation of Pb stress in red clover. CONCLUSION These results suggest that most TpNAC members are involved in the regulation of Pb stress in red clover. TpNAC members play an important role in the response of red clover to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zirui Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Meiqi Mu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanting Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siwen Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guowen Cui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiujie Yin
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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5
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Kato M, Watari M, Tsuge T, Zhong S, Gu H, Qu LJ, Fujiwara T, Aoyama T. Redundant function of the Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase genes PIP5K4-6 is essential for pollen germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:212-225. [PMID: 37828913 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) is a key enzyme producing the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2 ] in eukaryotes. Although PIP5K genes are reported to be involved in pollen tube germination and growth, the essential roles of PIP5K in these processes remain unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana PIP5K4, PIP5K5, and PIP5K6 genes and revealed that their redundant function is essential for pollen germination. Pollen with the pip5k4pip5k5pip5k6 triple mutation was sterile, while pollen germination efficiency and pollen tube growth were reduced in the pip5k6 single mutant and further reduced in the pip5k4pip5k6 and pip5k5pip5k6 double mutants. YFP-fusion proteins, PIP5K4-YFP, PIP5K5-YFP, and PIP5K6-YFP, which could rescue the sterility of the triple mutant pollen, preferentially localized to the tricolpate aperture area and the future germination site on the plasma membrane prior to germination. Triple mutant pollen grains under the germination condition, in which spatiotemporal localization of the PtdIns(4,5)P2 fluorescent marker protein 2xmCHERRY-2xPHPLC as seen in the wild type was abolished, exhibited swelling and rupture of the pollen wall, but neither the conspicuous protruding site nor site-specific deposition of cell wall materials for germination. These data indicate that PIP5K4-6 and their product PtdIns(4,5)P2 are essential for pollen germination, possibly through the establishment of the germination polarity in a pollen grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Machiko Watari
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongya Gu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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6
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Wang C, Cheng H, Xu W, Xue J, Hua X, Tong G, Ma X, Yang C, Lan X, Shen SY, Yang Z, Huang J, Cheng Y. Arabidopsis pollen-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase-like genes are essential for pollen tube tip growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2001-2017. [PMID: 37014030 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen tube growth is critical for double fertilization and seed formation. Many of the factors involved in pollen tube tip growth are unknown. Here, we report the roles of pollen-specific GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE-LIKE (GDPD-LIKE) genes in pollen tube tip growth. Arabidopsis thaliana GDPD-LIKE6 (AtGDPDL6) and AtGDPDL7 were specifically expressed in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AtGDPDL6 and GFP-AtGDPDL7 fusion proteins were enriched at the plasma membrane at the apex of forming pollen tubes. Atgdpdl6 Atgdpdl7 double mutants displayed severe sterility that was rescued by genetic complementation with AtGDPDL6 or AtGDPDL7. This sterility was associated with defective male gametophytic transmission. Atgdpdl6 Atgdpdl7 pollen tubes burst immediately after initiation of pollen germination in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the thin and fragile walls in their tips. Cellulose deposition was greatly reduced along the mutant pollen tube tip walls, and the localization of pollen-specific CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE D1 (CSLD1) and CSLD4 was impaired to the apex of mutant pollen tubes. A rice pollen-specific GDPD-LIKE protein also contributed to pollen tube tip growth, suggesting that members of this family have conserved functions in angiosperms. Thus, pollen-specific GDPD-LIKEs mediate pollen tube tip growth, possibly by modulating cellulose deposition in pollen tube walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jingshi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinguo Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guimin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xingguo Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shi-Yi Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yuxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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7
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Zarreen F, Kumar K, Chakraborty S. Phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction: trends and perspectives. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 37676371 PMCID: PMC10442044 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are important regulatory membrane lipids, with a role in plant development and cellular function. Emerging evidence indicates that phosphoinositides play crucial roles in plant defence and are also utilized by pathogens for infection. In this review, we highlight the role of phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction and the implication of this remarkable convergence in the battle against plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Zarreen
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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8
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Braga T, Dias FV, Fratini M, Serrazina S, Heilmann I, Malhó R. Functional Analysis of Phospholipid Signaling and Actin Dynamics: The Use of Apical Growing Tobacco Pollen Tubes in a Case Study. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:237-247. [PMID: 36773238 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Signaling molecules are crucial to perceive and translate intra- and extracellular cues. Phosphoinositides and the proteins responsible for their biosynthesis (e.g., lipid kinases) are known to influence the (re)organization of cytoskeletal elements, namely, through interaction with actin and actin-binding proteins. Here we describe methods to functionally characterize lipid kinases and their phosphoinositide metabolites in relation to actin dynamics. These methods include GFP-tagged protein expression followed by time-resolved live imaging and quantitative image analysis. When combined with biochemical and interaction studies, these methods can be used to correlate signaling with actin dynamics, microfilament assembly, and intracellular trafficking, linking structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Braga
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Vaz Dias
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Fratini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susana Serrazina
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rui Malhó
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal.
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9
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The Light-Controlled Release of 2-fluoro-l-fucose, an Inhibitor of the Root Cell Elongation, from a nitrobenzyl-caged Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032533. [PMID: 36768855 PMCID: PMC9916816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan metabolic engineering is a powerful tool for studying the glycosylation in living plant cells. The use of modified monosaccharides such as deoxy or fluorine-containing glycosides has been reported as a powerful pharmacological approach for studying the carbohydrate metabolism. 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2-fluoro-l-fucose (2F-Fuc) is a potent inhibitor of the plant cell elongation. After feeding plant seedlings with 2F-Fuc, this monosaccharide derivative is deacetylated and converted by the endogenous metabolic machinery into the corresponding nucleotide-sugar, which then efficiently inhibits Golgi-localized fucosyltransferases. Among plant cell wall polymers, defects in the fucosylation of the pectic rhamnogalacturonan-II cause a decrease in RG-II dimerization, which in turn induce the arrest of the cell elongation. In order to perform the inhibition of the cell elongation process in a spatio-temporal manner, we synthesized a caged 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1-hydroxy-2-fluoro-l-fucose (1-OH-2F-Fuc) derivative carrying a photolabile ortho-nitrobenzyl alcohol function at the anomeric position: 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1-ortho-nitrobenzyl-2-fluoro-l-fucose (2F-Fuc-NB). The photorelease of the trapped 1-OH-2F-Fuc was performed under a 365 nm LED illumination. We demonstrated that the in planta elimination by photoexcitation of the photolabile group releases free 2F-Fuc in plant cells, which in turn inhibits in a dose-dependent manner and, reversibly, the root cell elongation.
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10
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Ou H, Yi P. ROP GTPase-dependent polarity establishment during tip growth in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:49-57. [PMID: 35832004 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polar cell growth in plants requires a cell peripheral region that undergoes membrane extension and cell wall remodeling. Since the 1990s, RHO-RELATED GTPASES FROM PLANTS (ROPs) have been identified as master regulators that determine the site of cell growth. ROPs function to regulate actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, calcium gradients, and exocytosis, thus directing the delivery of materials for membrane and cell wall extension. In recent years, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying polar localization and the activation of ROPs has greatly advanced. Evidence points to the crucial roles of membrane lipids, receptor-like kinases, and cell wall components. In this review, we provide updates on the mechanisms underlying polarity control in tip-growing cells, with a focus on ROP effectors and membrane-associated signals. By integrating knowledge from pollen tubes, root hairs, and findings in bryophyte protonema cells and rhizoids, we hope to offer important insights into a common conceptual framework on polarity establishment governed by intercellular and extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Peishan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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11
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Carrasco B, Arévalo B, Perez-Diaz R, Rodríguez-Alvarez Y, Gebauer M, Maldonado JE, García-Gonzáles R, Chong-Pérez B, Pico-Mendoza J, Meisel LA, Ming R, Silva H. Descriptive Genomic Analysis and Sequence Genotyping of the Two Papaya Species (Vasconcellea pubescens and Vasconcellea chilensis) Using GBS Tools. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162151. [PMID: 36015454 PMCID: PMC9414553 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach was used to analyze the organization of genetic diversity in V. pubescens and V. chilensis. GBS identified 4675 and 4451 SNPs/INDELs in two papaya species. The cultivated orchards of V. pubescens exhibited scarce genetic diversity and low but significant genetic differentiation. The neutrality test yielded a negative and significant result, suggesting that V. pubescens suffered a selective sweep or a rapid expansion after a bottleneck during domestication. In contrast, V. chilensis exhibited a high level of genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation among the populations was slight, but it was possible to distinguish the two genetic groups. The neutrality test indicated no evidence that natural selection and genetic drift affect the natural population of V. chilensis. Using the Carica papaya genome as a reference, we identified critical SNPs/INDELs associated with putative genes. Most of the identified genes are related to stress responses (salt and nematode) and vegetative and reproductive development. These results will be helpful for future breeding and conservation programs of the Caricaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilio Carrasco
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Bárbara Arévalo
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Talca 3480094, Chile
| | | | - Yohaily Rodríguez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Marlene Gebauer
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Jonathan E Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Laboratorio de Multiómica Vegetal y Bioinformática, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | | | - Borys Chong-Pérez
- Sociedad de Investigación y Servicios, BioTECNOS Ltda., San Javier 3660000, Chile
| | - José Pico-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Lee A Meisel
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Herman Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
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12
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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13
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Watari M, Kato M, Blanc-Mathieu R, Tsuge T, Ogata H, Aoyama T. Functional Differentiation among the Arabidopsis Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Genes PIP5K1, PIP5K2 and PIP5K3. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:635-648. [PMID: 35348769 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) is involved in regulating various cellular processes through the signaling function of its product, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. Higher plants encode a large number of PIP5Ks forming distinct clades in their molecular phylogenetic tree. Although biological functions of PIP5K genes have been analyzed intensively in Arabidopsis thaliana, it remains unclear how those functions differ across clades of paralogs. We performed comparative functional analysis of the Arabidopsis genes encoding PIP5K1, PIP5K2 and PIP5K3, of which the first two and the last belong to closely related but distinct clades, to clarify their conserved and/or differentiated functions. Genetic analysis with their single and multiple mutants revealed that PIP5K1 and PIP5K3 have non-overlapping functions, with the former in total plant growth and the latter in root hair elongation, whereas PIP5K2 redundantly functions in both phenomena. This pattern of functional redundancy is explainable in terms of the overlapping pattern of their promoter activities. In transformation rescue experiments, PIP5K3 promoter-directed PIP5K1-YFP completely rescued the short-root-hair phenotype of pip5k3. However, PIP5K3-YFP could substitute for PIP5K1-YFP only partially in rescuing the severe dwarfism of pip5k1pip5k2 when directed by the PIP5K1 promoter. Phylogenetic analysis of angiosperm PIP5Ks revealed that PIP5K3 orthologs have a faster rate of diversification in their amino-acid sequences compared with PIP5K1/2 orthologs after they arose through a eudicot-specific duplication event. These findings suggest that PIP5K3 specialized to promote root hair elongation and lost some of the protein-encoded functions retained by PIP5K1 and PIP5K2, whereas PIP5K1 differentiated from PIP5K2 only in its promoter-directed expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Watari
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Romain Blanc-Mathieu
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Vegetale, University of Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, INRA, CNRS, CEA, F-38054, Grenoble 9, France
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
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14
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Scholz P, Pejchar P, Fernkorn M, Škrabálková E, Pleskot R, Blersch K, Munnik T, Potocký M, Ischebeck T. DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE 5 regulates polar tip growth of tobacco pollen tubes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2185-2202. [PMID: 34931304 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes require a tightly regulated pectin secretion machinery to sustain the cell wall plasticity required for polar tip growth. Involved in this regulation at the apical plasma membrane are proteins and signaling molecules, including phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid (PA). However, the contribution of diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) is not clear. We transiently expressed tobacco DGKs in pollen tubes to identify a plasma membrane (PM)-localized isoform, and then to study its effect on pollen tube growth, pectin secretion and lipid signaling. In order to potentially downregulate DGK5 function, we overexpressed an inactive variant. Only one of eight DGKs displayed a confined localization at the apical PM. We could demonstrate its enzymatic activity and that a kinase-dead variant was inactive. Overexpression of either variant led to differential perturbations including misregulation of pectin secretion. One mode of regulation could be that DGK5-formed PA regulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases, as overexpression of the inactive DGK5 variant not only led to a reduction of PA but also of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels and suppressed related growth phenotypes. We conclude that DGK5 is an additional player of polar tip growth that regulates pectin secretion probably in a common pathway with PI4P 5-kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Max Fernkorn
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Eliška Škrabálková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Katharina Blersch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Münster, 48143, Germany
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15
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Wang J, Chen J, Huang S, Han D, Li J, Guo D. Investigating the Mechanism of Unilateral Cross Incompatibility in Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars (Yiduo × Shixia). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:821147. [PMID: 35222456 PMCID: PMC8874016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.821147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important subtropical fruit tree in China. Nearly 90% of longan fruit imports from Thailand are from the cultivar Yiduo. However, we have observed that there exists a unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) when Yiduo is used as a female parent and Shixia (a famous Chinese cultivar) as a male parent. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis coupled with microscopy of pistils from two reciprocal pollination combinations [Shixia♂ × Yiduo♀(SY) and Yiduo♀ × Shixia♂(YS)] 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after pollination. We also explored endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels in pistils of the crosses. The microscopic observations showed that the UCI was sporophytic. The endogenous JA and JA-Ile levels were higher in YS than in SY at the studied time points. We found 7,251 differentially expressed genes from the transcriptome analysis. Our results highlighted that genes associated with JA biosynthesis and signaling, pollen tube growth, cell wall modification, starch and sucrose biosynthesis, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways were differentially regulated between SY and YS. We discussed transcriptomic changes in the above-mentioned pathways regarding the observed microscopic and/or endogenous hormone levels. This is the first report on the elaboration of transcriptomic changes in longan reciprocal pollination combination showing UCI. The results presented here will enable the longan breeding community to better understand the mechanisms of UCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilian Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Qiao Z, Yates TB, Shrestha HK, Engle NL, Flanagan A, Morrell‐Falvey JL, Sun Y, Tschaplinski TJ, Abraham PE, Labbé J, Wang Z, Hettich RL, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen J. Towards engineering ectomycorrhization into switchgrass bioenergy crops via a lectin receptor-like kinase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2454-2468. [PMID: 34272801 PMCID: PMC8633507 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne microbes can establish compatible relationships with host plants, providing a large variety of nutritive and protective compounds in exchange for photosynthesized sugars. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the establishment of these beneficial relationships remain unclear. Our previous genetic mapping and whole-genome resequencing studies identified a gene deletion event of a Populus trichocarpa lectin receptor-like kinase gene PtLecRLK1 in Populus deltoides that was associated with poor-root colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. By introducing PtLecRLK1 into a perennial grass known to be a non-host of L. bicolor, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), we found that L. bicolor colonizes ZmUbipro-PtLecRLK1 transgenic switchgrass roots, which illustrates that the introduction of PtLecRLK1 has the potential to convert a non-host to a host of L. bicolor. Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses on inoculated-transgenic switchgrass roots revealed genes/proteins overrepresented in the compatible interaction and underrepresented in the pathogenic defence pathway, consistent with the view that pathogenic defence response is down-regulated during compatible interaction. Metabolomic profiling revealed that root colonization in the transgenic switchgrass was associated with an increase in N-containing metabolites and a decrease in organic acids, sugars, and aromatic hydroxycinnamate conjugates, which are often seen in the early steps of establishing compatible interactions. These studies illustrate that PtLecRLK1 is able to render a plant susceptible to colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus L. bicolor and shed light on engineering mycorrhizal symbiosis into a non-host to enhance plant productivity and fitness on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qiao
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Timothy B. Yates
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate EducationUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Him K. Shrestha
- Genome Science and TechnologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Yali Sun
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Robert L. Hettich
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
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17
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Drapal M, Enfissi EMA, Fraser PD. Metabolic changes in leaves of N. tabacum and N. benthamiana during plant development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153486. [PMID: 34388688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dwindling fossil fuel reserves and poor environmental credentials of chemical synthesis means, new renewable sources for the production and manufacture of valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals are required. Presently, tobacco is an underutilised non-food crop with the potential to act as a biofactory. In this study, metabolite profiling across vegetative development has been carried out to provide a quantitative baseline of metabolites, their formation and interaction. Two tobacco platforms have been used, Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum. Our data generated has provided the quantitative and qualitative baseline levels for exploitable pathways and metabolites, across two complementary Nicotiana species. N. benthamiana is the chassis of choice for transient expression. The metabolite data obtained for N. benthamiana highlighted that before flower emergence, the increased central carbon metabolism and high amino acid levels are available for the biosynthesis of endogenous or heterologous metabolites. In the future, engineering pathways or biocatalysts into N. benthamiana could add value to the process presently used to produce low volume, high cost pharmaceuticals. Similar outputs were obtained for N. tabacum, which has the advantage of providing a large biomass and hence, high product yield. These data provide an insight into the metabolite pools available in tobacco for future exploitation by emerging New Plant Breeding Techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia M A Enfissi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom.
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18
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Christensen SM, Munkres I, Vannette RL. Nectar bacteria stimulate pollen germination and bursting to enhance microbial fitness. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4373-4380.e6. [PMID: 34324834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms consume pollen, yet mechanisms of its digestion remain a fundamental enigma in pollination biology,1-3 as pollen is protected by a recalcitrant outer shell.4-8 Pollen is commonly found in floral nectar,9,10 as are nectar microbes, which are nearly ubiquitous among flowers.11-13 Nectar specialist bacteria, like Acinetobacter, can reach high densities (up to 109 cells/mL), despite the fact that floral nectar is nitrogen poor.14-17 Here, we show evidence that the genus Acinetobacter, prevalent nectar- and bee-associated bacteria,12,18-20 can induce pollen germination and bursting, gain access to protoplasm nutrients, and thereby grow to higher densities. Although induced germination had been suggested as a potential method in macroscopic pollen consumers,2,21-23 and fungal inhibition of pollen germination has been shown,24-27 direct biological induction of germination has not been empirically documented outside of plants.28-32Acinetobacter pollinis SCC47719 induced over 5× greater pollen germination and 20× greater pollen bursting than that of uninoculated pollen by 45 min. When provided with germinable pollen, A. pollinis stimulates protein release and grows to nearly twice the density compared to growth with ungerminable pollen, indicating that stimulation of germination benefits bacterial fitness. In contrast, a common nectar-inhabiting yeast (Metschnikowia)33 neither induced nor benefited from pollen germination. We conclude that Acinetobacter both specifically causes and benefits from inducing pollen germination and bursting. Further study of microbe-pollen interactions may inform many aspects of pollination ecology, including floral microbial ecology,34,35 pollinator nutrient acquisition from pollen,2,3,21,36 and cues of pollen germination for plant reproduction.37-39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Christensen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Munkres
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Fratini M, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Riechmann M, Matzner M, Bacia K, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Plasma membrane nano-organization specifies phosphoinositide effects on Rho-GTPases and actin dynamics in tobacco pollen tubes. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:642-670. [PMID: 33955493 PMCID: PMC8136918 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and apical secretion. The regulatory phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is enriched in the subapical plasma membrane of pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and can influence both actin dynamics and secretion. How alternative PtdIns(4,5)P2 effects are specified is unclear. In tobacco pollen tubes, spinning disc microscopy (SD) reveals dual distribution of a fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2-reporter in dynamic plasma membrane nanodomains vs. apparent diffuse membrane labeling, consistent with spatially distinct coexisting pools of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Several PI4P 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) can generate PtdIns(4,5)P2 in pollen tubes. Despite localizing to one membrane region, the PIP5Ks AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP display distinctive overexpression effects on cell morphologies, respectively related to altered actin dynamics or membrane trafficking. When analyzed by SD, AtPIP5K2-EYFP associated with nanodomains, whereas NtPIP5K6-EYFP localized diffusely. Chimeric AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP variants with reciprocally swapped membrane-associating domains evoked reciprocally shifted effects on cell morphology upon overexpression. Overall, active PI4P 5-kinase variants stabilized actin when targeted to nanodomains, suggesting a role of nanodomain-associated PtdIns(4,5)P2 in actin regulation. This notion is further supported by interaction and proximity of nanodomain-associated AtPIP5K2 with the Rho-GTPase NtRac5, and by its functional interplay with elements of Rho of plants signaling. Plasma membrane nano-organization may thus aid the specification of PtdIns(4,5)P2 functions to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fratini
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mara Riechmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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20
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Kuroda R, Kato M, Tsuge T, Aoyama T. Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase genes PIP5K7, PIP5K8, and PIP5K9 are redundantly involved in root growth adaptation to osmotic stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:913-927. [PMID: 33606325 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) produces phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2 ), a signaling phospholipid critical for various cellular processes in eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes 11 PIP5K genes. Of these, three type B PIP5K genes, PIP5K7, PIP5K8, and PIP5K9, constitute a subgroup highly conserved in land plants, suggesting that they retain a critical function shared by land plants. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the biological functions of the PIP5K7-9 subgroup genes. Reporter gene analyses revealed their preferential expression in meristematic and vascular tissues. Their YFP-fusion proteins localized primarily to the plasma membrane in root meristem epidermal cells. We selected a mutant line that was considered to be null for each gene. Under normal growth conditions, neither single mutants nor multiple mutants of any combination exhibited noticeable phenotypic changes. However, stress conditions with mannitol or NaCl suppressed main root growth and reduced proximal root meristem size to a greater extent in the pip5k7pip5k8pip5k9 triple mutant than in the wild type. In root meristem epidermal cells of the triple mutant, where plasma membrane localization of the PtdIns(4,5)P2 marker P24Y is impaired to a large extent, brefeldin A body formation is retarded compared with the wild type under hyperosmotic stress. These results indicate that PIP5K7, PIP5K8, and PIP5K9 are not required under normal growth conditions, but are redundantly involved in root growth adaptation to hyperosmotic conditions, possibly through the PtdIns(4,5)P2 function promoting plasma membrane recycling in root meristem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kuroda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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21
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Ruan H, Li J, Wang T, Ren H. Secretory Vesicles Targeted to Plasma Membrane During Pollen Germination and Tube Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:615447. [PMID: 33553150 PMCID: PMC7859277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are important biological events in the sexual reproduction of higher plants, during which a large number of vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion events occur. When secretory vesicles are transported via the F-actin network in proximity to the apex of the pollen tube, the secretory vesicles are tethered and fused to the plasma membrane by tethering factors and SNARE proteins, respectively. The coupling and uncoupling between the vesicle membrane and plasma membrane are also regulated by dynamic cytoskeleton, proteins, and signaling molecules, including small G proteins, calcium, and PIP2. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge regarding secretory vesicle delivery, tethering, and fusion during pollen germination and tube growth and summarize the progress in research on how regulators and signaling molecules participate in the above processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
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22
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Rausche J, Stenzel I, Stauder R, Fratini M, Trujillo M, Heilmann I, Rosahl S. A phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase from Solanum tuberosum is activated by PAMP-treatment and may antagonize phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate at Phytophthora infestans infection sites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:469-487. [PMID: 32762082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants susceptible to late blight disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans display enhanced resistance upon infiltration with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), Pep-13. Here, we characterize a potato gene similar to Arabidopsis 5-phosphatases which was identified in transcript arrays performed to identify Pep-13 regulated genes, and termed StIPP. Recombinant StIPP protein specifically dephosphorylated the D5-position of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2 ) in vitro. Other phosphoinositides or soluble inositolpolyphosphates were not converted. When transiently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes, a StIPP-YFP fusion localized to the subapical plasma membrane and antagonized PtdIns(4,5)P2 -dependent effects on cell morphology, indicating in vivo functionality. Phytophthora infestans-infection of N. benthamiana leaf epidermis cells resulted in relocalization of StIPP-GFP from the plasma membrane to the extra-haustorial membrane (EHM). Colocalizion with the effector protein RFP-AvrBlb2 at infection sites is consistent with a role of StIPP in the plant-oomycete interaction. Correlation analysis of fluorescence distributions of StIPP-GFP and biosensors for PtdIns(4,5)P2 or phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) indicate StIPP activity predominantly at the EHM. In Arabidopsis protoplasts, expression of StIPP resulted in the stabilization of the PAMP receptor, FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2, indicating that StIPP may act as a PAMP-induced and localized antagonist of PtdIns(4,5)P2 -dependent processes during plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rausche
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Ron Stauder
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Marta Fratini
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Independent Research Group Protein Ubiquitinylation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
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23
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Zarza X, Van Wijk R, Shabala L, Hunkeler A, Lefebvre M, Rodriguez‐Villalón A, Shabala S, Tiburcio AF, Heilmann I, Munnik T. Lipid kinases PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 are required for polyamine-triggered K + efflux in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:416-432. [PMID: 32666545 PMCID: PMC7693229 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine (Spm), are low-molecular-weight polycationic molecules present in all living organisms. Despite their implication in plant cellular processes, little is known about their molecular mode of action. Here, we demonstrate that polyamines trigger a rapid increase in the regulatory membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ), and that this increase is required for polyamine effects on K+ efflux in Arabidopsis roots. Using in vivo 32 Pi -labelling of Arabidopsis seedlings, low physiological (μm) concentrations of Spm were found to promote a rapid PIP2 increase in roots that was time- and dose-dependent. Confocal imaging of a genetically encoded PIP2 biosensor revealed that this increase was triggered at the plasma membrane. Differential 32 Pi -labelling suggested that the increase in PIP2 was generated through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) activity rather than inhibition of a phospholipase C or PIP2 5-phosphatase activity. Systematic analysis of transfer DNA insertion mutants identified PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 as the main candidates involved in the Spm-induced PIP2 response. Using non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation, we discovered that the Spm-triggered K+ efflux response was strongly reduced in pip5k7 pip5k9 seedlings. Together, our results provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a physiological role of PIP2 in polyamine-mediated signalling controlling K+ flux in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Zarza
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Ringo Van Wijk
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Anna Hunkeler
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Matthew Lefebvre
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Antia Rodriguez‐Villalón
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane BiologyFoshan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Dept. of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil ScienceUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Dept of Cellular BiochemistryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
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24
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Scholz P, Anstatt J, Krawczyk HE, Ischebeck T. Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 32859043 PMCID: PMC7569787 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| | | | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
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25
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Grebnev G, Cvitkovic M, Fritz C, Cai G, Smith AS, Kost B. Quantitative Structural Organization of Bulk Apical Membrane Traffic in Pollen Tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1559-1585. [PMID: 32482906 PMCID: PMC7401101 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube tip growth depends on balancing secretion of cell wall material with endocytic recycling of excess material incorporated into the plasma membrane (PM). The classical model of tip growth, which predicts bulk secretion, occurs apically, and is compensated by subapical endocytosis, has been challenged in recent years. Many signaling proteins and lipids with important functions in the regulation of membrane traffic underlying tip growth associate with distinct regions of the pollen tube PM, and understanding the mechanisms responsible for the targeting of these regulatory factors to specific PM domains requires quantitative information concerning the sites of bulk secretion and endocytosis. Here, we quantitatively characterized the spatial organization of membrane traffic during tip growth by analyzing steady-state distributions and dynamics of FM4-64-labeled lipids and YFP-tagged transmembrane (TM) proteins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes growing normally or treated with Brefeldin A to block secretion. We established that (1) secretion delivers TM proteins and recycled membrane lipids to the same apical PM domain, and (2) FM4-64-labeled lipids, but not the analyzed TM proteins, undergo endocytic recycling within a clearly defined subapical region. We mathematically modeled the steady-state PM distributions of all analyzed markers to better understand differences between them and to support the experimental data. Finally, we mapped subapical F-actin fringe and trans-Golgi network positioning relative to sites of bulk secretion and endocytosis to further characterize functions of these structures in apical membrane traffic. Our results support and further define the classical model of apical membrane traffic at the tip of elongating pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Grebnev
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mislav Cvitkovic
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carolin Fritz
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ana-Suncana Smith
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benedikt Kost
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Pejchar P, Sekereš J, Novotný O, Žárský V, Potocký M. Functional analysis of phospholipase Dδ family in tobacco pollen tubes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:212-226. [PMID: 32064689 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA), an important signalling and metabolic phospholipid, is predominantly localized in the subapical plasma membrane (PM) of growing pollen tubes. PA can be produced from structural phospholipids by phospholipase D (PLD), but the isoforms responsible for production of PM PA were not identified yet and their functional roles remain unknown. Following genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of the PLD family in tobacco, we focused on the pollen-overrepresented PLDδ class. Combining live-cell imaging, gene overexpression, lipid-binding and structural bioinformatics, we characterized five NtPLDδ isoforms. Distinct PLDδ isoforms preferentially localize to the cytoplasm or subapical PM. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, domain deletion and swapping analyses we show that membrane-bound PLDδs are tightly bound to PM, primarily via the central catalytic domain. Overexpression analyses suggested isoform PLDδ3 as the most important member of the PLDδ subfamily active in pollen tubes. Moreover, only PLDδ3 shows significant constitutive PLD activity in vivo and, in turn, PA promotes binding of PLDδ3 to the PM. This forms a positive feedback loop leading to PA accumulation and the formation of massive PM invaginations. Tightly controlled production of PA generated by PLDδ3 at the PM is important for maintaining the balance between various membrane trafficking processes that are crucial for plant cell tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Sekereš
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novotný
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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27
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Qin L, Zhou Z, Li Q, Zhai C, Liu L, Quilichini TD, Gao P, Kessler SA, Jaillais Y, Datla R, Peng G, Xiang D, Wei Y. Specific Recruitment of Phosphoinositide Species to the Plant-Pathogen Interfacial Membrane Underlies Arabidopsis Susceptibility to Fungal Infection. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1665-1688. [PMID: 32156686 PMCID: PMC7203932 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Different phosphoinositides enriched at the membranes of specific subcellular compartments within plant cells contribute to organelle identity, ensuring appropriate cellular trafficking and function. During the infection of plant cells, biotrophic pathogens such as powdery mildews enter plant cells and differentiate into haustoria. Each haustorium is enveloped by an extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) derived from the host plasma membrane. Little is known about the EHM biogenesis and identity. Here, we demonstrate that among the two plasma membrane phosphoinositides in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), PI(4,5)P2 is dynamically up-regulated at powdery mildew infection sites and recruited to the EHM, whereas PI4P is absent in the EHM. Lateral transport of PI(4,5)P2 into the EHM occurs through a brefeldin A-insensitive but actin-dependent trafficking pathway. Furthermore, the lower levels of PI(4,5)P2 in pip5k1 pip5k2 mutants inhibit fungal pathogen development and cause disease resistance, independent of cell death-associated defenses and involving impaired host susceptibility. Our results reveal that plant biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens modulate the subcellular distribution of host phosphoinositides and recruit PI(4,5)P2 as a susceptibility factor for plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Chun Zhai
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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28
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Li C, Tao RF, Li Y, Duan MH, Xu JH. Transcriptome analysis of the thermosensitive genic male-sterile line provides new insights into fertility alteration in rice (Oryza sativa). Genomics 2020; 112:2119-2129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to modulate the physical properties of membranes, such as their surface charges, curvature, or clustering of proteins. Moreover, by mediating interactions with numerous membrane-associated proteins, they are key components in the establishment of organelle identity and dynamics. Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or interconverted by a set of dedicated enzymes. As such, anionic lipids are major regulators of many fundamental cellular processes, including cell signaling, cell division, membrane trafficking, cell growth, and gene expression. In this review, we describe the functions of anionic lipids from a cellular perspective. Using the localization of each anionic lipid and its related metabolic enzymes as starting points, we summarize their roles within the different compartments of the endomembrane system and address their associated developmental and physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, L'Université Claude Bernard (UCB) Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; ,
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, L'Université Claude Bernard (UCB) Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; ,
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30
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Guo J, Yang Z. Exocytosis and endocytosis: coordinating and fine-tuning the polar tip growth domain in pollen tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2428-2438. [PMID: 32173729 PMCID: PMC7178420 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes rapidly elongate, penetrate, and navigate through multiple female tissues to reach ovules for sperm delivery by utilizing a specialized form of polar growth known as tip growth. This process requires a battery of cellular activities differentially occurring at the apical growing region of the plasma membrane (PM), such as the differential cellular signaling involving calcium (Ca2+), phospholipids, and ROP-type Rho GTPases, fluctuation of ions and pH, exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall construction and remodeling. There is an emerging understanding of how at least some of these activities are coordinated and/or interconnected. The apical active ROP modulates exocytosis to the cell apex for PM and cell wall expansion differentially occurring at the tip. The differentiation of the cell wall involves at least the preferential distribution of deformable pectin polymers to the apex and non-deformable pectin polymers to the shank of pollen tubes, facilitating the apical cell expansion driven by high internal turgor pressure. Recent studies have generated inroads into how the ROP GTPase-based intracellular signaling is coordinated spatiotemporally with the external wall mechanics to maintain the tubular cell shape and how the apical cell wall mechanics are regulated to allow rapid tip growth while maintaining the cell wall integrity under the turgor pressure. Evidence suggests that exocytosis and endocytosis play crucial but distinct roles in this spatiotemporal coordination. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation and coordination of the differential pectin distribution and the apical domain of active ROP by exocytosis and endocytosis in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Guo
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Correspondence:
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31
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Coordinated Localization and Antagonistic Function of NtPLC3 and PI4P 5-Kinases in the Subapical Plasma Membrane of Tobacco Pollen Tubes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040452. [PMID: 32260253 PMCID: PMC7238183 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polar tip growth of pollen tubes is regulated by the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), which localizes in a well-defined region of the subapical plasma membrane. How the PtdIns(4,5)P2 region is maintained is currently unclear. In principle, the formation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by PI4P 5-kinases can be counteracted by phospholipase C (PLC), which hydrolyzes PtdIns(4,5)P2. Here, we show that fluorescence-tagged tobacco NtPLC3 displays a subapical plasma membrane distribution which frames that of fluorescence-tagged PI4P 5-kinases, suggesting that NtPLC3 may modulate PtdIns(4,5)P2-mediated processes in pollen tubes. The expression of a dominant negative NtPLC3 variant resulted in pollen tube tip swelling, consistent with a delimiting effect on PtdIns(4,5)P2 production. When pollen tube morphologies were assessed as a quantitative read-out for PtdIns(4,5)P2 function, NtPLC3 reverted the effects of a coexpressed PI4P 5-kinase, demonstrating that NtPLC3-mediated breakdown of PtdIns(4,5)P2 antagonizes the effects of PtdIns(4,5)P2 overproduction in vivo. When analyzed by spinning disc microscopy, fluorescence-tagged NtPLC3 displayed discontinuous membrane distribution omitting punctate areas of the membrane, suggesting that NtPLC3 is involved in the spatial restriction of plasma membrane domains also at the nanodomain scale. Together, the data indicate that NtPLC3 may contribute to the spatial restriction of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the subapical plasma membrane of pollen tubes.
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32
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Fang F, Ye S, Tang J, Bennett MJ, Liang W. DWT1/DWL2 act together with OsPIP5K1 to regulate plant uniform growth in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1234-1246. [PMID: 31550392 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Uniform growth of the main shoot and tillers significantly influences rice plant architecture and grain yield. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor DWT1 is a key regulator of this important agronomic trait, disruption of which causes enhanced main shoot dominance and tiller dwarfism by an unknown mechanism. Here, we have used yeast-two-hybrid screening to identify OsPIP5K1, a member of the rice phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase family, as a protein that interacts with DWT1. Cytological analyses confirmed that DWT1 induces accumulation of OsPIP5K1 and its product PI(4,5)P2 , a phosphoinositide secondary messenger, in nuclear bodies. Mutation of OsPIP5K1 compounds the dwarf dwt1 phenotype but abolishes the main shoot dominance. Conversely, overexpression of OsPIP5K1 partially rescues dwt1 developmental defects. Furthermore, we showed that DWL2, the homologue of DWT1, is also able to interact with OsPIP5K1 and shares partial functional redundancy with DWT1 in controlling rice uniformity. Overall, our data suggest that nuclear localised OsPIP5K1 acts with DWT1 and/or DWL2 to coordinate the uniform growth of rice shoots, likely to be through nuclear phosphoinositide signals, and provides insights into the regulation of rice uniformity via a largely unexplored plant nuclear signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Shiwei Ye
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Jingyao Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
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33
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Marhava P, Aliaga Fandino AC, Koh SW, Jelínková A, Kolb M, Janacek DP, Breda AS, Cattaneo P, Hammes UZ, Petrášek J, Hardtke CS. Plasma Membrane Domain Patterning and Self-Reinforcing Polarity in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2020; 52:223-235.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Deng M, Wu F, Zhou W, Li J, Shi H, Wang Z, Lin Y, Yang X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Mapping of QTL for total spikelet number per spike on chromosome 2D in wheat using a high-density genetic map. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:603-610. [PMID: 31188928 PMCID: PMC6905451 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total spikelet number per spike (TSS) is one of the key components of grain yield in wheat. Chromosome (chr.) 2D contains numerous genes that control TSS. In this study, we evaluated 138 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an F2 population of a synthetic hexaploid wheat line (SHW-L1) and a common wheat cultivar (Chuanmai 32) for TSS in six different environments. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for TSS, we constructed an integrated high-density genetic map of chr. 2D containing two simple sequence repeats, 35 diversity array technology markers, and 143 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We identified three stable QTL for TSS that individually explained 9.7–19.2% of the phenotypic variation and predicted 23 putative candidate genes within the QTL mapping interval. Overall, our results provide insight into the genetic basis of TSS in synthetic hexaploid wheat that may be useful in breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wanlin Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
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35
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Wei B, Wang L, Bosland PW, Zhang G, Zhang R. Comparative transcriptional analysis of Capsicum flower buds between a sterile flower pool and a restorer flower pool provides insight into the regulation of fertility restoration. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:837. [PMID: 31711411 PMCID: PMC6849218 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and its restoration of fertility (Rf) system is an important mechanism to produce F1 hybrid seeds. Understanding the interaction that controls restoration at a molecular level will benefit plant breeders. The CMS is caused by the interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, with the CMS phenotype failing to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Thus, understanding the complex processes of anther and pollen development is a prerequisite for understanding the CMS system. Currently it is accepted that the Rf gene in the nucleus restores the fertility of CMS, however the Rf gene has not been cloned. In this study, CMS line 8A and the Rf line R1, as well as a sterile pool (SP) of accessions and a restorer pool (RP) of accessions analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CMS and its fertility restorer using the conjunction of RNA sequencing and bulk segregation analysis. RESULTS A total of 2274 genes were up-regulated in R1 as compared to 8A, and 1490 genes were up-regulated in RP as compared to SP. There were 891 genes up-regulated in both restorer accessions, R1 and RP, as compared to both sterile accessions, 8A and SP. Through annotation and expression analysis of co-up-regulated expressed genes, eight genes related to fertility restoration were selected. These genes encode putative fructokinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase, pectate lyase, exopolygalacturonase, pectinesterase, cellulose synthase, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and phosphoinositide phospholipase C. In addition, a phosphatidylinositol signaling system and an inositol phosphate metabolism related to the fertility restorer of CMS were ranked as the most likely pathway for affecting the restoration of fertility in pepper. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that eight genes were related to the restoration of fertility, which provides new insight into understanding the molecular mechanism of fertility restoration of CMS in Capsicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiang Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Vegetable Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Paul W Bosland
- College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88001, USA
| | - Gaoyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Vegetable Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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36
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Huang S, Peng S, Liu Z, Li C, Tan C, Yao R, Li D, Li X, Hou L, Feng H. Investigation of the genes associated with a male sterility mutant (msm) in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) using RNA-Seq. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:233-249. [PMID: 31673754 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Chinese cabbage, hybrid seed production is performed using male sterility lines, an important approach to heterosis utilization. In this study, a stably inherited male sterile mutant msm was obtained from the 'FT'-doubled haploid line of Chinese cabbage using isolated microspore culture combined with 60Co γ-ray mutagenesis. The genetic backgrounds of 'FT' and msm were highly consistent; however, compared with wild-type 'FT', msm exhibited completely degenerated stamens and no pollen phenotype. Other characters showed no significant differences. Cytological observations revealed that stamen abortion in msm begins during the tetrad period and that tapetum cells were abnormally expanded and highly vacuolated, leading to microspore abortion. Genetic analysis indicated that the msm mutant phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Comparative transcriptome analysis of 'FT' and msm flower buds using RNA-Seq technology revealed 1653 differentially expressed genes, among which, a large number associated with male sterility were detected, including 64 pollen development- and pollen tube growth-related genes, 94 pollen wall development-related genes, 11 phytohormone-related genes, and 16 transcription factor-related genes. An overwhelming majority of these genes were down-regulated in msm compared with 'FT'. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that a variety of carbohydrate metabolic and lipid metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, which may be related to pollen abortion. The expression patterns of 24 male sterility-related genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR. In addition, 24,476 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 413,073 insertion-deletion events were specifically detected in msm. These results will facilitate elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms underlying male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenling Peng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Tan
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Runpeng Yao
- Department of Horticulture, Tonghua Horticulture Research Institute, Tonghua, 134000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Shimada TL, Betsuyaku S, Inada N, Ebine K, Fujimoto M, Uemura T, Takano Y, Fukuda H, Nakano A, Ueda T. Enrichment of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate in the Extra-Invasive Hyphal Membrane Promotes Colletotrichum Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1514-1524. [PMID: 30989198 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum form invasive hyphae; the hyphae are surrounded by an extra-invasive hyphal membrane (EIHM), which is continuous with the plant plasma membrane. Although the EIHM plays a crucial role as the interface between plant and fungal cells, its precise function during Colletotrichum infection remains elusive. Here, we show that enrichment of phosphoinositides (PIs) has a crucial role in Colletotrichum infection. We observed the localization of PIs in Arabidopsis thaliana cells infected by A. thaliana-adapted Colletotrichum higginsianum (Ch), and found that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] was extremely enriched in the EIHM during Ch infection. We also found that phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-5 kinase (PIP5K), which catalyzes production of PI(4,5)P2, also accumulated at the EIHM. The overexpression of PIP5K3 in A. thaliana increased hyphal invasion by Ch. An exocytic factor, EXO84b, was targeted to the EIHM during Ch infection, although endocytic factors such as CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN 2 and FLOTILLIN 1 did not. Intriguingly, the interfacial membranes between A. thaliana and powdery mildew- or downy mildew-causing pathogens did not accumulate PI(4,5)P2. These results suggest that Ch could modify the PI(4,5)P2 levels in the EIHM to increase the exocytic membrane/protein supply of the EIHM for successful infection. Our results also suggest that PI(4,5)P2 biosynthesis is a promising target for improved defense against Colletotrichum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi L Shimada
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Betsuyaku
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Super-resolution Live Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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38
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Kaneda M, van Oostende-Triplet C, Chebli Y, Testerink C, Bednarek SY, Geitmann A. Plant AP180 N-Terminal Homolog Proteins Are Involved in Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis during Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1316-1330. [PMID: 30796435 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarized cell growth in plants is maintained under the strict control and exquisitely choreographed balance of exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking. The pollen tube has become a model system for rapid polar growth in which delivery of cell wall material and membrane recycling are controlled by membrane trafficking. Endocytosis plays an important role that is poorly understood. The plant AP180 N-Terminal Homolog (ANTH) proteins are putative homologs of Epsin 1 that recruits clathrin to phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) containing membranes to facilitate vesicle budding during endocytosis. Two Arabidopsis ANTH encoded by the genes AtAP180 and AtECA2 are highly expressed in pollen tubes. Pollen tubes from T-DNA inserted knockout mutant lines display significant morphological defects and unique pectin deposition. Fluorescent tagging reveals organization into dynamic foci located at the lateral flanks of the pollen tube. This precisely defined subapical domain coincides which clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and PIP2 localization. Using a liposome-protein binding test, we showed that AtECA2 protein and ANTH domain recombinant proteins have strong affinity to PIP2 and phosphatidic acid containing liposomes in vitro. Taken together these data suggest that Arabidopsis ANTH proteins may play an important role in CME, proper cell wall assembly and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Kaneda
- Institut de recherche en biologie v�g�tale, Universit� de Montr�al, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montr�al, QC, Canada
| | - Chloï van Oostende-Triplet
- Institut de recherche en biologie v�g�tale, Universit� de Montr�al, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montr�al, QC, Canada
- Present address: Cell Biology and Image Acquisition Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, RGN 3171, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Youssef Chebli
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Qu�bec, Canada
| | - Christa Testerink
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Present address: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anja Geitmann
- Institut de recherche en biologie v�g�tale, Universit� de Montr�al, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montr�al, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Qu�bec, Canada
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39
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Vaz Dias F, Serrazina S, Vitorino M, Marchese D, Heilmann I, Godinho M, Rodrigues M, Malhó R. A role for diacylglycerol kinase 4 in signalling crosstalk during Arabidopsis pollen tube growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1434-1446. [PMID: 30628082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play a major role in the production of phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and were implicated in endomembrane trafficking and signalling cascades. In plants, the role of DGKs is less clear, as PtdOH seems to arise mostly from phospholipase D activity. Here, we investigated the function of the Arabidopsis gene encoding DGK4, which is highly expressed in pollen. In vitro, pollen tubes from homozygous dgk4 plants showed normal morphology, but reduced growth rate and altered stiffness and adhesion properties (revealed by atomic force microscopy). In vivo, dgk4 pollen was able to fertilize wild-type ovules, but self-pollination in dgk4 plants led to fewer seeds and shorter siliques. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the dgk4 mutation affects not only the male germ line but also the vegetative tissue. DGK4-green fluorescent protein fusion imaging revealed a cytosolic localization with a slightly higher signal in the subapical or apical region. dgk4 pollen tubes were found to exhibit perturbations in membrane recycling, and lipid analysis revealed a minor increase of PtdOH concomitant with decreased phosphatidylcholine, compared with wild-type. In vitro, DGK4 was found to exhibit kinase and guanylyl cyclase activity. Quantitative PCR data revealed downregulation of genes related to actin dynamics and phosphoinositide metabolism in mutant pollen, but upregulation of the DGK6 isoform. Altogether, these results are discussed considering a role of DGK4 in signalling cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vaz Dias
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Serrazina
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Vitorino
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dario Marchese
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Margarida Godinho
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Malhó
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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40
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He D, Lou XY, He SL, Lei YK, Lv BV, Wang Z, Zheng YB, Liu YP. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomics analysis provides novel insights into the mechanism of cross-incompatibility between tree peony and herbaceous peony. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:417-427. [PMID: 30940329 DOI: 10.1071/fp18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridisation is the main method for improvement and breeding of tree peony (Paeonia ostii T.Hong & J.X.Zhang), but cross-incompatibility as the major factor restricting the rapid development of interspecific hybridisation. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in cross-incompatibility between tree peony (Paeonia ostii cv. Fengdanbai) and herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall. cv. Fenyunu), a quantitative proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology was performed on the stigma 24h after pollination. Of the 2900 proteins whose levels were quantitated, 685 proteins were differentially expressed in the stigma after hybrid pollination, in contrast to self-pollination. Functional annotation analysis showed that dysregulated proteins involved in RNA degradation, the Ca signalling pathway, the phosphatidylinositol signalling system and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway may have made contributions to cross-incompatibility. The downregulated expression of enolase, DnaK (Heat Shock Proteins, HSP70), GroEL (Heat Shock Proteins, HSP60), calmodulin and glyoxalase I, and the upregulated expression of adenine nucleotide translocator indicated that the energy synthesis required by pollen tube growth, the signal pathway and the metabolic pathway related to the growth polarity of the pollen tube were blocked after hybrid pollination. Eight genes were selected to confirm their expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared with the STRING database, a protein-protein interaction network of the chosen proteins was constructed. These results provide fundamental and important information for research into the molecular mechanisms of cross-incompatibility in peony and should facilitate interspecific hybridisation in agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; and Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Postdoctor Researche Base, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Lou
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Song-Lin He
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Ya-Kai Lei
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bo-Va Lv
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zheng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
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41
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Filipin EP, Pereira DT, Ouriques LC, Bouzon ZL, Simioni C. Participation of actin filaments, myosin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the formation and polarisation of tetraspore germ tube of Gelidium floridanum (Rhodophyta, Florideophyceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:352-360. [PMID: 30472775 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the evidence of direct interaction among actin, myosin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the polarisation and formation of the tetraspore germ tube of Gelidium floridanum. After release, tetraspores were exposed to cytochalasin B, latrunculin B, LY294002 and BDM for a period of 6 h. In control samples, formation of the germ tube occurred after the experimental period, with cellulose formation and elongated chloroplasts moving through the tube region in the presence of F-actin. In the presence of cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of F-actin, latrunculin B, an inhibitor of G-actin, and BDM, a myosin inhibitor, tetraspores showed no formation of the germ tube or cellulose. Spherical-shaped chloroplasts were observed in the central region with a few F-actin filaments in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Tetraspores treated with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, showed no formation of the tube at the highest concentrations. Polarisation of cytoplasmic contents did not occur, only cellulose formation. It was concluded that F-actin directs the cell wall components and contributes to the maintenance of chloroplast shape and elongation during germ tube formation. PI3K plays a fundamental role in signalling for the asymmetric polarisation of F-actin. Thus, F-actin regulates the polarisation and germination processes of tetraspores of G. floridanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Filipin
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - D T Pereira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - L C Ouriques
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Z L Bouzon
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - C Simioni
- Postdoctoral Research of Postgraduate Program in Cell Biology and Development, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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42
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Ivanov S, Harrison MJ. Accumulation of phosphoinositides in distinct regions of the periarbuscular membrane. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:2213-2227. [PMID: 30347433 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid are small anionic lipids that comprise a minor proportion of total membrane lipids in eukaryotic cells but influence a broad range of cellular processes including endomembrane trafficking, signaling, exocytosis and endocytosis. To investigate the spatial distribution of phosphoinositides during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, we generated fluorescent reporters of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P, as well as phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol and used them to monitor lipid distribution on the cytoplasmic side of membrane bilayers in colonized cortical cells. The PI4P reporter accumulated strongly on the periarbuscular membrane (PAM) and transiently labeled Golgi bodies, while the PA reporter showed differential labeling of endomembranes and the PAM. Surprisingly, the PI(4,5)P2 reporter accumulated in small, discrete regions of the PAM on the arbuscule trunks, frequently in two regions on opposing sides of the hypha. A mutant reporter with reduced PI(4,5)P2 binding capacity did not show these accumulations. The PI(4,5)P2 -rich regions were detected at all phases of arbuscule development following branching, co-localized with membrane marker proteins potentially indicating high membrane bilayer content, and were associated with an alteration in morphology of the hypha. A possible analogy to the biotrophic interfacial membrane complex formed in rice infected with Magnaporthe orzyae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ivanov
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Maria J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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43
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Physiological Functions of Phosphoinositide-Modifying Enzymes and Their Interacting Proteins in Arabidopsis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30499079 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The integrity of cellular membranes is maintained not only by structural phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but also by regulatory phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol phosphates (phosphoinositides). Although phosphoinositides constitute minor membrane phospholipids, they exert a wide variety of regulatory functions in all eukaryotic cells. They act as key markers of membrane surfaces that determine the biological integrity of cellular compartments to recruit various phosphoinositide-binding proteins. This review focuses on recent progress on the significance of phosphoinositides, their modifying enzymes, and phosphoinositide-binding proteins in Arabidopsis.
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Peters MAE, Weis AE. Selection for pollen competitive ability in mixed-mating systems. Evolution 2018; 72:2513-2536. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A. E. Peters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Arthur E. Weis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Koffler Scientific Reserve at Jokers Hill; University of Toronto; 17000 Dufferin Street King City ON L7B 1K5 Canada
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Hempel F, Stenzel I, Heilmann M, Krishnamoorthy P, Menzel W, Golbik R, Helm S, Dobritzsch D, Baginsky S, Lee J, Hoehenwarter W, Heilmann I. MAPKs Influence Pollen Tube Growth by Controlling the Formation of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate in an Apical Plasma Membrane Domain. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:3030-3050. [PMID: 29167320 PMCID: PMC5757277 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An apical plasma membrane domain enriched in the regulatory phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] is critical for polar tip growth of pollen tubes. How the biosynthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PI4P 5-kinases) is controlled by upstream signaling is currently unknown. The pollen-expressed PI4P 5-kinase PIP5K6 is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and polar tip growth in pollen tubes. Here, we identify PIP5K6 as a target of the pollen-expressed mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK6 and characterize the regulatory effects. Based on an untargeted mass spectrometry approach, phosphorylation of purified recombinant PIP5K6 by pollen tube extracts could be attributed to MPK6. Recombinant MPK6 phosphorylated residues T590 and T597 in the variable insert of the catalytic domain of PIP5K6, and this modification inhibited PIP5K6 activity in vitro. PIP5K6 interacted with MPK6 in yeast two-hybrid tests, immuno-pull-down assays, and by bimolecular fluorescence complementation at the apical plasma membrane of pollen tubes. In vivo, MPK6 expression resulted in reduced plasma membrane association of a fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2 reporter and decreased endocytosis without impairing membrane association of PIP5K6. Effects of PIP5K6 expression on pollen tube growth and cell morphology were attenuated by coexpression of MPK6 in a phosphosite-dependent manner. Our data indicate that MPK6 controls PtdIns(4,5)P2 production and membrane trafficking in pollen tubes, possibly contributing to directional growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hempel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralph Golbik
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Helm
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Dobritzsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteome Analytics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Gerth K, Lin F, Daamen F, Menzel W, Heinrich F, Heilmann M. Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 2 contains a functional nuclear localization sequence and interacts with alpha-importins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:862-878. [PMID: 28949047 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis phosphoinositide kinase PIP5K2 has been implicated in the control of membrane trafficking and is important for development and growth. In addition to cytosolic functions of phosphoinositides, a nuclear phosphoinositide system has been proposed, but evidence for nuclear phosphoinositides in plants is limited. Fluorescence-tagged variants of PIP5K2 reside in the nucleus of Arabidopsis root meristem cells, in addition to reported plasma membrane localization. Here we report on the interaction of PIP5K2 with alpha-importins and characterize its nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). The PIP5K2 sequence contains four putative NLSs (NLSa-NLSd) and only a PIP5K2 fragment containing NLSs is imported into nuclei of onion epidermis cells upon transient expression. PIP5K2 interacts physically with alpha-importin isoforms in cytosolic split-ubiquitin-based yeast two-hybrid tests, in dot-blot experiments and in immuno-pull-downs. A 27-amino-acid fragment of PIP5K2 containing NLSc is necessary and sufficient to mediate the nuclear import of a large cargo fusion consisting of two mCherry markers fused to RubisCO large subunit. Substitution of basic residues in NLSc results in reduced import of PIP5K2 or other cargoes into plant nuclei. The data suggest that PIP5K2 is subject to active, alpha-importin-mediated nuclear import, consistent with a nuclear role for PIP5K2 in addition to its reported cytosolic functions. The detection of both substrate and product of PIP5K2 in plant nuclei according to reporter fluorescence and immunofluorescence further supports the notion of a nuclear phosphoinositide system in plants. Variants of PIP5K2 with reduced nuclear residence might serve as tools for the future functional study of plant nuclear phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gerth
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Daamen
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Noack LC, Jaillais Y. Precision targeting by phosphoinositides: how PIs direct endomembrane trafficking in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:22-33. [PMID: 28734137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Each phosphoinositide (PI, also known as phosphatidylinositol phosphate, polyphosphoinositide, PtdInsP or PIP) species is partitioned in the endomembrane system and thereby contributes to the identity of membrane compartments. However, membranes are in constant flux within this system, which raises the questions of how the spatiotemporal pattern of phosphoinositides is established and maintained within the cell. Here, we review the general mechanisms by which phosphoinositides and membrane trafficking feedbacks on each other to regulate cellular patterning. We then use the specific examples of polarized trafficking, endosomal sorting and vacuolar biogenesis to illustrate these general concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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Abstract
The membranes of eukaryotic cells create hydrophobic barriers that control substance and information exchange between the inside and outside of cells and between cellular compartments. Besides their roles as membrane building blocks, some membrane lipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), also exert regulatory effects. Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that PIs play crucial roles in controlling polarity and growth in plants. Here, I highlight the key roles of PIs as important regulatory membrane lipids in plant development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale) 06114, Germany
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Vermeer JE, van Wijk R, Goedhart J, Geldner N, Chory J, Gadella TW, Munnik T. In Vivo Imaging of Diacylglycerol at the Cytoplasmic Leaflet of Plant Membranes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1196-1207. [PMID: 28158855 PMCID: PMC6200129 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and plays key roles in cell signaling, either as a second messenger itself or as a precursor of phosphatidic acid. Methods to identify distinct DAG pools have proven difficult because biochemical fractionation affects the pools, and concentrations are limiting. Here, we validate the use of a genetically encoded DAG biosensor in living plant cells. The sensor is composed of a fusion between yellow fluorescent protein and the C1a domain of protein kinase C (YFP-C1aPKC) that specifically binds DAG, and was stably expressed in suspension-cultured tobacco BY-2 cells and whole Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Confocal imaging revealed that the majority of the YFP-C1aPKC fluorescence did not locate to membranes but was present in the cytosol and nucleus. Treatment with short-chain DAG or PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate), a phorbol ester that binds the C1a domain of PKC, caused the recruitment of the biosensor to the plasma membrane. These results indicate that the biosensor works and that the basal DAG concentration in the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes (i.e. accessible to the biosensor) is in general too low, and confirms that the known pools in plastids, the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are located at the luminal face of these compartments (i.e. inaccessible to the biosensor). Nevertheless, detailed further analysis of different cells and tissues discovered four novel DAG pools, namely at: (i) the trans-Golgi network; (ii) the cell plate during cytokinesis; (iii) the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells in the transition zone, and (iv) the apex of growing root hairs. The results provide new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of DAG in plants and offer a new tool to monitor this in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop E.M. Vermeer
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne-Sorge, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Ringo van Wijk
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne-Sorge, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Theodorus W.J. Gadella
- Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gerth K, Lin F, Menzel W, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Guilt by Association: A Phenotype-Based View of the Plant Phosphoinositide Network. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:349-374. [PMID: 28125287 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic membranes contain small amounts of phospholipids that have regulatory effects on the physiological functions of cells, tissues, and organs. Phosphoinositides (PIs)-the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol-are one example of such regulatory lipids. Although PIs were described in plants decades ago, their contribution to the regulation of physiological processes in plants is not well understood. In the past few years, evidence has emerged that PIs are essential for plant function and development. Recently reported phenotypes associated with the perturbation of different PIs suggest that some subgroups of PIs influence specific processes. Although the molecular targets of PI-dependent regulation in plants are largely unknown, the effects of perturbed PI metabolism can be used to propose regulatory modules that involve particular downstream targets of PI regulation. This review summarizes phenotypes associated with the perturbation of the plant PI network to categorize functions and suggest possible downstream targets of plant PI regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gerth
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
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