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Yang Z, Cheng G, Yu Q, Jiao W, Zeng K, Luo T, Zhang H, Shang H, Huang G, Wang F, Guo Y, Xu J. Identification and characterization of the Remorin gene family in Saccharum and the involvement of ScREM1.5e-1/-2 in SCMV infection on sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365995. [PMID: 38463560 PMCID: PMC10920289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Remorins (REMs) are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins that play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions and environmental adaptations. Group I REMs are extensively involved in virus infection. However, little is known about the REM gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hyrid), the most important sugar and energy crop around world. Methods Comparative genomics were employed to analyze the REM gene family in Saccharum spontaneum. Transcriptomics or RT-qPCR were used to analyze their expression files in different development stages or tissues under different treatments. Yeast two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays were applied to investigate the protein interaction. Results In this study, 65 REMs were identified from Saccharum spontaneum genome and classified into six groups based on phylogenetic tree analysis. These REMs contain multiple cis-elements associated with growth, development, hormone and stress response. Expression profiling revealed that among different SsREMs with variable expression levels in different developmental stages or different tissues. A pair of alleles, ScREM1.5e-1/-2, were isolated from the sugarcane cultivar ROC22. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 were highly expressed in leaves, with the former expressed at significantly higher levels than the latter. Their expression was induced by treatment with H2O2, ABA, ethylene, brassinosteroid, SA or MeJA, and varied upon Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection. ScREM1.5e-1 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM), while ScREM1.5e-2 was localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 can self-interact and interact with each other, and interact with VPgs from SCMV, Sorghum mosaic virus, or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus. The interactions with VPgs relocated ScREM1.5e-1 from the PM to the cytoplasm. Discussion These results reveal the origin, distribution and evolution of the REM gene family in sugarcane and may shed light on engineering sugarcane resistance against sugarcane mosaic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Quanxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wendi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingxu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Heyang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fengji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Li H, Wang X, Zhuo Y, Chen S, Lin J, Ma H, Zhong M. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the remorin genes in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1175153. [PMID: 37229123 PMCID: PMC10203495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1175153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Remorin (REMs) are plant-specific and plasma membrane-associated proteins that play an essential role in the growth and development of plants and adaptations to adverse environments. To our knowledge, a genome-scale investigation of the REM genes in tomato has never been systematically studied. In this study, a total of 17 SlREM genes were identified in the tomato genome using bioinformatics methods. Our results demonstrated that the 17 members of SlREM were classified into 6 groups based on phylogenetic analysis and unevenly distributed on the eight chromosomes of tomato. There were 15 REM homologous gene pairs between tomato and Arabidopsis. The SlREM gene structures and motif compositions were similar. Promoter sequence analysis showed that the SlREM gene promoters contained some tissue-specific, hormones and stress-related cis-regulatory elements. Expression analysis based on qRT-PCR (Real-time quantitative PCR) analysis showed that SlREM family genes were were differentially expressed in different tissues, and they responded to ABA, MeJA, SA, low-temperature, drought and NaCl treatments. These results potentially provide relevant information for further research on the biological functions of SlREM family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Ma
- *Correspondence: Hui Ma, ; Ming Zhong,
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Dagvadorj B, Outram MA, Williams SJ, Solomon PS. The necrotrophic effector ToxA from Parastagonospora nodorum interacts with wheat NHL proteins to facilitate Tsn1-mediated necrosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:407-418. [PMID: 35061310 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum secretes necrotrophic effectors to promote disease. These effectors induce cell death on wheat cultivars carrying dominant susceptibility genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these interactions and resulting cell death remain unclear. Here, we used a yeast two-hybrid library approach to identify wheat proteins that interact with the necrotrophic effector ToxA. Using this strategy, we identified an interaction between ToxA and a wheat transmembrane NDR/HIN1-like protein (TaNHL10) and confirmed the interaction using in planta co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy co-localization analysis. We showed that the C-terminus of TaNHL10 is extracellular whilst the N-terminus is localized in the cytoplasm. Further analyses using yeast two-hybrid and confocal microscopy co-localization showed that ToxA interacts with the C-terminal LEA2 extracellular domain of TaNHL10. Random mutagenesis was then used to identify a ToxA mutant, ToxAN109D , which was unable to interact with TaNHL10 in yeast two-hybrid assays. Subsequent heterologous expression and purification of ToxAN109D in Nicotiania benthamiana revealed that the mutated protein was unable to induce necrosis on Tsn1-dominant wheat cultivars, confirming that the interaction of ToxA with TaNHL10 is required to induce cell death. Collectively, these data advance our understanding on how ToxA induces cell death during infection and further highlight the importance of host cell surface interactions in necrotrophic pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayantes Dagvadorj
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Megan A Outram
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Simon J Williams
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter S Solomon
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Legrand A, Perraki A, Jolivet MD, Deroubaix AF, German-Retana S, Boudsocq M, Habenstein B, Mongrand S, Germain V. Connecting the dots: from nanodomains to physiological functions of REMORINs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:632-649. [PMID: 33793872 PMCID: PMC8133660 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
REMORINs (REMs) are a plant-specific protein family, proposed regulators of membrane-associated molecular assemblies and well-established markers of plasma membrane nanodomains. REMs play a diverse set of functions in plant interactions with pathogens and symbionts, responses to abiotic stresses, hormone signaling and cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we highlight the established and more putative roles of REMs throughout the literature. We discuss the physiological functions of REMs, the mechanisms underlying their nanodomain-organization and their putative role as regulators of nanodomain-associated molecular assemblies. Furthermore, we discuss how REM phosphorylation may regulate their functional versatility. Overall, through data-mining and comparative analysis of the literature, we suggest how to further study the molecular mechanisms underpinning the functions of REMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- ZMBP, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, A11, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Artemis Perraki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marie-Dominique Jolivet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Anne-Flore Deroubaix
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvie German-Retana
- Equipe de Virologie, Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique and Université de Bordeaux, BP81, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, Orsay, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, A11, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Author for communication: (S.M.)
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Reagan BC, Burch-Smith TM. Viruses Reveal the Secrets of Plasmodesmal Cell Biology. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:26-39. [PMID: 31715107 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0212-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are essential for intercellular trafficking of molecules required for plant life, from small molecules like sugars and ions to macromolecules including proteins and RNA molecules that act as signals to regulate plant development and defense. As obligate intracellular pathogens, plant viruses have evolved to manipulate this communication system to facilitate the initial cell-to-cell and eventual systemic spread in their plant hosts. There has been considerable interest in how viruses manipulate the PD that connect the protoplasts of neighboring cells, and viruses have yielded invaluable tools for probing the structure and function of PD. With recent advances in biochemistry and imaging, we have gained new insights into the composition and structure of PD in the presence and absence of viruses. Here, we first discuss viral strategies for manipulating PD for their intercellular movement and examine how this has shed light on our understanding of native PD function. We then address the controversial role of the cytoskeleton in trafficking to and through PD. Finally, we address how viruses could alter PD structure and consider possible mechanisms of the phenomenon described as 'gating'. This discussion supports the significance of virus research in elucidating the properties of PD, these persistently enigmatic plant organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Reagan
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
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Plasmodesmata Conductivity Regulation: A Mechanistic Model. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120595. [PMID: 31842374 PMCID: PMC6963776 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells form a multicellular symplast via cytoplasmic bridges called plasmodesmata (Pd) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that crosses almost all plant tissues. The Pd proteome is mainly represented by secreted Pd-associated proteins (PdAPs), the repertoire of which quickly adapts to environmental conditions and responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the important role of Pd in stress-induced reactions is universally recognized, the mechanisms of Pd control are still not fully understood. The negative role of callose in Pd permeability has been convincingly confirmed experimentally, yet the roles of cytoskeletal elements and many PdAPs remain unclear. Here, we discuss the contribution of each protein component to Pd control. Based on known data, we offer mechanistic models of mature leaf Pd regulation in response to stressful effects.
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Wang S, Chen Z, Tian L, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhou J, Liu P, Chen Y, Wu L. Comparative proteomics combined with analyses of transgenic plants reveal ZmREM1.3 mediates maize resistance to southern corn rust. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2153-2168. [PMID: 30972847 PMCID: PMC6790363 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn rust (SCR), which is a destructive disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. (P. polysora), commonly occurs in warm-temperate and tropical regions. To identify candidate proteins related to SCR resistance and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize-P. polysora interaction, a comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistant maize lines was performed. Statistical analyses revealed 1489 differentially abundant proteins in the resistant line, as well as 1035 differentially abundant proteins in the susceptible line. After the P. polysora infection, the abundance of one remorin protein (ZmREM1.3) increased in the resistant genotype, but decreased in the susceptible genotype. Plant-specific remorins are important for responses to microbial infections as well as plant signalling processes. In this study, transgenic maize plants overexpressing ZmREM1.3 exhibited enhanced resistance to the biotrophic P. polysora. In contrast, homozygous ZmREM1.3 UniformMu mutant plants were significantly more susceptible to P. polysora than wild-type plants. Additionally, the ZmREM1.3-overexpressing plants accumulated more salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, the expression levels of defence-related genes were higher in ZmREM1.3-overexpressing maize plants than in non-transgenic control plants in response to the P. polysora infection. Overall, our results provide evidence that ZmREM1.3 positively regulates maize defences against P. polysora likely via SA/JA-mediated defence signalling pathways. This study represents the first large-scale proteomic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize-P. polysora interaction. This is also the first report confirming the remorin protein family affects plant resistance to SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Wang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Zan Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Tian
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Cereal Crop Research InstituteHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Liuji Wu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
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Albers P, Üstün S, Witzel K, Kraner M, Börnke F. A Remorin from Nicotiana benthamiana Interacts with the Pseudomonas Type-III Effector Protein HopZ1a and is Phosphorylated by the Immune-Related Kinase PBS1. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1229-1242. [PMID: 31012804 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-19-0105-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is at the interface of plant-pathogen interactions and, thus, many bacterial type-III effector (T3E) proteins target membrane-associated processes to interfere with immunity. The Pseudomonas syringae T3E HopZ1a is a host cell PM-localized effector protein that has several immunity-associated host targets but also activates effector-triggered immunity in resistant backgrounds. Although HopZ1a has been shown to interfere with early defense signaling at the PM, no dedicated PM-associated HopZ1a target protein has been identified until now. Here, we show that HopZ1a interacts with the PM-associated remorin protein NbREM4 from Nicotiana benthamiana in several independent assays. NbREM4 relocalizes to membrane nanodomains after treatment with the bacterial elicitor flg22 and transient overexpression of NbREM4 in N. benthamiana induces the expression of a subset of defense-related genes. We can further show that NbREM4 interacts with the immune-related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase avrPphB-susceptible 1 (PBS1) and is phosphorylated by PBS1 on several residues in vitro. Thus, we conclude that NbREM4 is associated with early defense signaling at the PM. The possible relevance of the HopZ1a-NbREM4 interaction for HopZ1a virulence and avirulence functions is discussed.Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Albers
- Plant Metabolism, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Suayib Üstün
- Plant Metabolism, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Principles of Integrated Pest Management, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Max Kraner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Plant Metabolism, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Badawi MA, Agharbaoui Z, Zayed M, Li Q, Byrns B, Zou J, Fowler DB, Danyluk J, Sarhan F. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Wheat Remorin ( TaREM) Family during Cold Acclimation. THE PLANT GENOME 2019; 12:180040. [PMID: 31290927 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2018.06.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Remorins (REMs) are plant-specific proteins that play an essential role in plant-microbe interactions. However, their roles in vernalization and abiotic stress responses remain speculative. Most remorins have a variable proline-rich -half and a more conserved -half that is predicted to form coils. A search of the wheat ( L.) database revealed the existence of 20 different genes, which we classified into six groups on the basis of whether they shared a common phylogenetic and structural origin. Analysis of the physical genomic distributions demonstrated that genes are dispersed in the wheat genome and have one to seven introns. Promoter analysis of genes revealed the presence of putative -elements related to diverse functions like development, hormonal regulation, and biotic and abiotic stress responsiveness. Expression levels of genes were measured in plants grown under field and controlled conditions and in response to hormone treatment. Our analyses revealed that 12 members of the REM family are regulated during cold acclimation in wheat in four different tissues (roots, crowns, stems, and leaves), with the highest expression in roots. Differential gene expression was found between wheat cultivars with contrasting degrees of cold tolerance, suggesting the implication of genes in cold response and tolerance. Additionally, eight genes were induced in response to abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment. This genome-wide analysis of genes provides valuable resources for functional analysis aimed at understanding their role in stress adaptation.
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REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and activity in restricting PVX cell-to-cell movement. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007378. [PMID: 30419072 PMCID: PMC6258466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to pathogens through dynamic regulation of plasma membrane-bound signaling pathways. To date, how the plant plasma membrane is involved in responses to viruses is mostly unknown. Here, we show that plant cells sense the Potato virus X (PVX) COAT PROTEIN and TRIPLE GENE BLOCK 1 proteins and subsequently trigger the activation of a membrane-bound calcium-dependent kinase. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 3-interacts with group 1 REMORINs in vivo, phosphorylates the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the Group 1 REMORIN REM1.3, and restricts PVX cell-to-cell movement. REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and is crucial for REM1.3-dependent restriction of PVX cell-to-cell movement by regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata. This study unveils plasma membrane nanodomain-associated molecular events underlying the plant immune response to viruses. Viruses propagate in plants through membranous channels, called plasmodesmata, linking each cell to its neighboring cell. In this work, we challenge the role of the plasma membrane in the regulation of virus propagation. By studying the dynamics and the activation of a plant-specific protein called REMORIN, we found that the way this protein is organized inside the membrane is crucial to fulfill its function in the immunity of plants against viruses.
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Larskaya IA, Gorshkova TA. Plant oligosaccharides - outsiders among elicitors? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:881-900. [PMID: 26542002 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review substantiates the need to study the plant oligoglycome. The available information on oligosaccharins - physiologically active fragments of plant cell wall polysaccharides - is summarized. The diversity of such compounds in chemical composition, origin, and proved biological activity is highlighted. At the same time, plant oligosaccharides can be considered as outsiders among elicitors of various natures in research intensity of recent decades. This review discusses the reasons for such attitude towards these regulators, which are largely connected with difficulties in isolation and identification. Together with that, approaches are suggested whose potentials can be used to study oligosaccharins. The topics of oligosaccharide metabolism in plants, including the ways of formation, transport, and inactivation are presented, together with data on biological activity and interaction with plant hormones. The current viewpoints on the mode of oligosaccharin action - perception, signal transduction, and possible "targets" - are considered. The potential uses of such compounds in medicine, food industry, agriculture, and biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Larskaya
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
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Kohorn BD, Hoon D, Minkoff BB, Sussman MR, Kohorn SL. Rapid Oligo-Galacturonide Induced Changes in Protein Phosphorylation in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1351-9. [PMID: 26811356 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The wall-associated kinases (WAKs)(1)are receptor protein kinases that bind to long polymers of cross-linked pectin in the cell wall. These plasma-membrane-associated protein kinases also bind soluble pectin fragments called oligo-galacturonides (OGs) released from the wall after pathogen attack and damage. WAKs are required for cell expansion during development but bind water soluble OGs generated from walls with a higher affinity than the wall-associated polysaccharides. OGs activate a WAK-dependent, distinct stress-like response pathway to help plants resist pathogen attack. In this report, a quantitative mass-spectrometric-based phosphoproteomic analysis was used to identify Arabidopsis cellular events rapidly induced by OGsin planta Using N(14/)N(15)isotopicin vivometabolic labeling, we screened 1,000 phosphoproteins for rapid OG-induced changes and found 50 proteins with increased phosphorylation, while there were none that decreased significantly. Seven of the phosphosites within these proteins overlap with those altered by another signaling molecule plants use to indicate the presence of pathogens (the bacterial "elicitor" peptide Flg22), indicating distinct but overlapping pathways activated by these two types of chemicals. Genetic analysis of genes encoding 10 OG-specific and two Flg22/OG-induced phosphoproteins reveals that null mutations in eight proteins compromise the OG response. These phosphorylated proteins with genetic evidence supporting their role in the OG response include two cytoplasmic kinases, two membrane-associated scaffold proteins, a phospholipase C, a CDPK, an unknown cadmium response protein, and a motor protein. Null mutants in two proteins, the putative scaffold protein REM1.3, and a cytoplasmic receptor like kinase ROG2, enhance and suppress, respectively, a dominantWAKallele. Altogether, the results of these chemical and genetic experiments reveal the identity of several phosphorylated proteins involved in the kinase/phosphatase-mediated signaling pathway initiated by cell wall changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Kohorn
- From the ‡Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011;
| | - Divya Hoon
- From the ‡Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011
| | | | - Michael R Sussman
- §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Susan L Kohorn
- From the ‡Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011
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Mattei B, Spinelli F, Pontiggia D, De Lorenzo G. Comprehensive Analysis of the Membrane Phosphoproteome Regulated by Oligogalacturonides in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1107. [PMID: 27532006 PMCID: PMC4969306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana membrane phosphoproteome in response to oligogalacturonides (OGs), a class of plant damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), were analyzed by two complementary proteomic approaches. Differentially phosphorylated sites were determined through phosphopeptide enrichment followed by LC-MS/MS using label-free quantification; differentially phosphorylated proteins were identified by 2D-DIGE combined with phospho-specific fluorescent staining (phospho-DIGE). This large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of early OG-signaling enabled us to determine 100 regulated phosphosites using LC-MS/MS and 46 differential spots corresponding to 34 pdhosphoproteins using phospho-DIGE. Functional classification showed that the OG-responsive phosphoproteins include kinases, phosphatases and receptor-like kinases, heat shock proteins (HSPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, proteins related to cellular trafficking, transport, defense and signaling as well as novel candidates for a role in immunity, for which elicitor-induced phosphorylation changes have not been shown before. A comparison with previously identified elicitor-regulated phosphosites shows only a very limited overlap, uncovering the immune-related regulation of 70 phosphorylation sites and revealing novel potential players in the regulation of elicitor-dependent immunity.
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Tapken W, Murphy AS. Membrane nanodomains in plants: capturing form, function, and movement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1573-86. [PMID: 25725094 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is the interface between the cell and the external environment. Plasma membrane lipids provide scaffolds for proteins and protein complexes that are involved in cell to cell communication, signal transduction, immune responses, and transport of small molecules. In animals, fungi, and plants, a substantial subset of these plasma membrane proteins function within ordered sterol- and sphingolipid-rich nanodomains. High-resolution microscopy, lipid dyes, pharmacological inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis, and lipid biosynthetic mutants have been employed to examine the relationship between the lipid environment and protein activity in plants. They have also been used to identify proteins associated with nanodomains and the pathways by which nanodomain-associated proteins are trafficked to their plasma membrane destinations. These studies suggest that plant membrane nanodomains function in a context-specific manner, analogous to similar structures in animals and fungi. In addition to the highly conserved flotillin and remorin markers, some members of the B and G subclasses of ATP binding cassette transporters have emerged as functional markers for plant nanodomains. Further, the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, that are often associated with detergent-resistant membranes, appear also to have a functional role in membrane nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Tapken
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Gui J, Liu C, Shen J, Li L. Grain setting defect1, encoding a remorin protein, affects the grain setting in rice through regulating plasmodesmatal conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1463-78. [PMID: 25253885 PMCID: PMC4226345 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effective grain filling is one of the key determinants of grain setting in rice (Oryza sativa). Grain setting defect1 (GSD1), which encodes a putative remorin protein, was found to affect grain setting in rice. Investigation of the phenotype of a transfer DNA insertion mutant (gsd1-Dominant) with enhanced GSD1 expression revealed abnormalities including a reduced grain setting rate, accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves, and lower soluble sugar content in the phloem exudates. GSD1 was found to be specifically expressed in the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata (PD) of phloem companion cells. Experimental evidence suggests that the phenotype of the gsd1-Dominant mutant is caused by defects in the grain-filling process as a result of the impaired transport of carbohydrates from the photosynthetic site to the phloem. GSD1 functioned in affecting PD conductance by interacting with rice ACTIN1 in association with the PD callose binding protein1. Together, our results suggest that GSD1 may play a role in regulating photoassimilate translocation through the symplastic pathway to impact grain setting in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Son S, Oh CJ, An CS. Arabidopsis thaliana Remorins Interact with SnRK1 and Play a Role in Susceptibility to Beet Curly Top Virus and Beet Severe Curly Top Virus. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:269-78. [PMID: 25289013 PMCID: PMC4181108 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2014.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Remorins, a family of plant-specific proteins containing a variable N-terminal region and conserved C-terminal domain, play a role in various biotic and abiotic stresses, including host-microbe interactions. However, their functions remain to be completely elucidated, especially for the Arabidopsis thaliana remorin group 4 (AtREM4). To elucidate the role of remorins in Arabidopsis, we first showed that AtREM4s have typical molecular characteristics of the remorins, such as induction by various types of biotic and abiotic stresses, localization in plasma membrane and homo- and hetero-oligomeric interaction. Next, we showed that their loss-of-function mutants displayed reduced susceptibility to geminiviruses, Beet Curly Top Virus and Beet Severe Curly Top Virus, while overexpressors enhanced susceptibility. Moreover, we found that they interacted with SnRK1, which phosphorylated AtREM4.1, and were degraded by the 26S proteasome pathway. These results suggest that AtREM4s may be involved in the SnRK1-mediated signaling pathway and play a role as positive regulators of the cell cycle during geminivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chung Sun An
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-2-880-6678, FAX) +82-2-872-1993 E-mail)
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Konrad SSA, Popp C, Stratil TF, Jarsch IK, Thallmair V, Folgmann J, Marín M, Ott T. S-acylation anchors remorin proteins to the plasma membrane but does not primarily determine their localization in membrane microdomains. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:758-69. [PMID: 24897938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Remorins are well-established marker proteins for plasma membrane microdomains. They specifically localize to the inner membrane leaflet despite an overall hydrophilic amino acid composition. Here, we determined amino acids and post-translational lipidations that are required for membrane association of remorin proteins. We used a combination of cell biological and biochemical approaches to localize remorin proteins and truncated variants of those in living cells and determined S-acylation on defined residues in these proteins. S-acylation of cysteine residues in a C-terminal hydrophobic core contributes to membrane association of most remorin proteins. While S-acylation patterns differ between members of this multi-gene family, initial membrane association is mediated by protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. However, S-acylation is not a key determinant for the localization of remorins in membrane microdomains. Although remorins bind via a conserved mechanism to the plasma membrane, other membrane-resident proteins may be involved in the recruitment of remorins into membrane domains. S-acylation probably occurs after an initial targeting of the proteins to the plasma membrane and locks remorins in this compartment. As S-acylation is a reversible post-translational modification, stimulus-dependent intracellular trafficking of these proteins can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian S A Konrad
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Genetics, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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Bozkurt TO, Richardson A, Dagdas YF, Mongrand S, Kamoun S, Raffaele S. The Plant Membrane-Associated REMORIN1.3 Accumulates in Discrete Perihaustorial Domains and Enhances Susceptibility to Phytophthora infestans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1005-1018. [PMID: 24808104 PMCID: PMC4081318 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.235804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous pathogens such as the oomycete Phytophthora infestans infect plants by developing specialized structures termed haustoria inside the host cells. Haustoria are thought to enable the secretion of effector proteins into the plant cells. Haustorium biogenesis, therefore, is critical for pathogen accommodation in the host tissue. Haustoria are enveloped by a specialized host-derived membrane, the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), which is distinct from the plant plasma membrane. The mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of the EHM are unknown. Remarkably, several plasma membrane-localized proteins are excluded from the EHM, but the remorin REM1.3 accumulates around P. infestans haustoria. Here, we used overexpression, colocalization with reporter proteins, and superresolution microscopy in cells infected by P. infestans to reveal discrete EHM domains labeled by REM1.3 and the P. infestans effector AVRblb2. Moreover, SYNAPTOTAGMIN1, another previously identified perihaustorial protein, localized to subdomains that are mainly not labeled by REM1.3 and AVRblb2. Functional characterization of REM1.3 revealed that it is a susceptibility factor that promotes infection by P. infestans. This activity, and REM1.3 recruitment to the EHM, require the REM1.3 membrane-binding domain. Our results implicate REM1.3 membrane microdomains in plant susceptibility to an oomycete pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga O Bozkurt
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.O.B., A.R., Y.F.D., S.K., S.R.);Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.O.B.);John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (A.R.);Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Bordeaux Segalen-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France (S.M.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (S.R.)
| | - Annis Richardson
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.O.B., A.R., Y.F.D., S.K., S.R.);Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.O.B.);John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (A.R.);Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Bordeaux Segalen-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France (S.M.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (S.R.)
| | - Yasin F Dagdas
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.O.B., A.R., Y.F.D., S.K., S.R.);Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.O.B.);John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (A.R.);Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Bordeaux Segalen-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France (S.M.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (S.R.)
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.O.B., A.R., Y.F.D., S.K., S.R.);Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.O.B.);John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (A.R.);Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Bordeaux Segalen-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France (S.M.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (S.R.)
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.O.B., A.R., Y.F.D., S.K., S.R.);Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.O.B.);John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (A.R.);Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Bordeaux Segalen-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France (S.M.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (S.R.)
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.O.B., A.R., Y.F.D., S.K., S.R.);Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.O.B.);John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (A.R.);Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Bordeaux Segalen-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France (S.M.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (S.R.)
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Yue J, Li C, Liu Y, Yu J. A remorin gene SiREM6, the target gene of SiARDP, from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) promotes high salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100772. [PMID: 24967625 PMCID: PMC4072699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Remorin proteins (REMs) form a plant-specific protein family, with some REMs being responsive to abiotic stress. However, the precise functions of REMs in abiotic stress tolerance are not clear. In this study, we identified 11 remorin genes from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and cloned a remorin gene, SiREM6, for further investigation. The transcript level of SiREM6 was increased by high salt stress, low temperature stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, but not by drought stress. The potential oligomerization of SiREM6 was examined by negative staining electron microscopy. The overexpression of SiREM6 improved high salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis at the germination and seedling stages as revealed by germination rate, survival rate, relative electrolyte leakage and proline content. The SiREM6 promoter contains two dehydration responsive elements (DRE) and one ABA responsive element (ABRE). An ABA responsive DRE-binding transcription factor, SiARDP, and an ABRE-binding transcription factor, SiAREB1, were cloned from foxtail millet. SiARDP could physically bind to the DREs, but SiAREB1 could not. These results revealed that SiREM6 is a target gene of SiARDP and plays a critical role in high salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Checker VG, Khurana P. Molecular and functional characterization of mulberry EST encoding remorin (MiREM) involved in abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1729-41. [PMID: 23942844 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Group1 remorins may help the plants to optimize their growth under adverse conditions by their involvement in mediating osmotic stress responses in plants. ABSTRACT Mulberry (Morus indica), a deciduous woody tree, serves as the cardinal component of the sericulture industry. Genomic endeavors in sequencing of mulberry ESTs provided clues to stress-specific clones, but their functional relevance remains fragmentary. Therefore in this study, we assessed the functional significance of a remorin gene family member that was identified in leaf ESTs. Remorins represent a large, plant-specific multigene family gaining importance in recent times with respect to their role in plant-microbe interactions, although their role in response to environmental stresses remains speculative as in vivo functions of remorin genes are limited. Mulberry remorin (MiREM) localizes to plasma membrane and is ubiquitously present in all plant organs. Expression analysis of MiREM by northern analysis reveals that its transcript increases under different abiotic stress conditions especially during dehydration and salt stress, implicating it in regulation of stress signaling pathways. Concomitantly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heterologous remorin show tolerance to dehydration and salinity at the germination and seedling stages as revealed by percentage germination, root inhibition assays, fresh weight and activity of photosystem II. This study predicts the possible function of group 1 remorin gene in mediating osmotic stress thus bringing novel perspectives in understanding the function of remorins in plant abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha G Checker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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21
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Li S, Su X, Zhang B, Huang Q, Hu Z, Lu M. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the Populus deltoides remorin gene PdREM. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 33:1111-1121. [PMID: 24072517 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Remorins play vital roles in signal transduction, energy transformation, ion flow and transport in plants. Upregulation of remorins correlates with dehiscence and cell maturation; however, no studies have been performed to elucidate the function of remorins in tree species. In this study, a Populus deltoides (Marsh.) plasma membrane-binding protein remorin gene (PdREM) was cloned and characterized by investigating its expression pattern and creating transgenic hybrid poplar (P. davidiana Dode × P. bolleana Lauche) lines expressing sense or antisense PdREM. PdREM was specifically expressed in leaf buds, and immature and mature phloem in P. deltoides. Downregulation of PdREM increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, size of the xylem and phloem zones and induced expression of cell wall biosynthesis- and microfibril angle (MFA)-related genes. Overexpression of PdREM retarded vegetative growth. PdREM may negatively regulate vascular growth by inhibiting secondary cell wall expansion in poplar. In addition, antisense PdREM transgenic poplar had a lower MFA, suggesting that PdREM might contribute to sheet strength and wood properties in poplar. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism of PdREM in P. deltoides growth and development, and lays the foundation for future functional genomics research into wood formation and the genetic engineering of forest trees with improved wood quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Forestry Experiment Center of North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, P.R. China
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Raffaele S, Perraki A, Mongrand S. The Remorin C-terminal Anchor was shaped by convergent evolution among membrane binding domains. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23207. [PMID: 23299327 PMCID: PMC3676492 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
StREM1.3 Remorin is a well-established plant raftophilic protein, predominantly associated with sterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane rafts. We recently identified a C-terminal domain (RemCA) required and sufficient for StREM1.3 anchoring to the plasma membrane. Here, we report a search for homologs and analogs of RemCA domain in publicly available protein sequence and structure databases. We could not identify RemCA homologous domains outside the Remorin family but we identified domains sharing bias in amino-acid composition and predicted structural fold with RemCA in bacterial, viral and animal proteins. These results suggest that RemCA emerged by convergent evolution among unrelated membrane binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR441 INRA-CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Correspondence to: Sylvain Raffaele,
| | - Artemis Perraki
- Laboratoire de Biogenese Membraniare; UMR 5200 CNRS; Université Bordeaux Segalen; INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine BP81; Villenave d'Ornon Cédex, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenese Membraniare; UMR 5200 CNRS; Université Bordeaux Segalen; INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine BP81; Villenave d'Ornon Cédex, France
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Hemsley PA, Weimar T, Lilley KS, Dupree P, Grierson CS. A proteomic approach identifies many novel palmitoylated proteins in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:805-814. [PMID: 23252521 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation (palmitoylation) is a poorly understood post-translational modification of proteins involving the addition of acyl lipids to cysteine residues. S-acylation promotes the association of proteins with membranes and influences protein stability, microdomain partitioning, membrane targeting and activation state. No consensus motif for S-acylation exists and it therefore requires empirical identification. Here, we describe a biotin switch isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based method to identify S-acylated proteins from Arabidopsis. We use these data to predict and confirm S-acylation of proteins not in our dataset. We identified c. 600 putative S-acylated proteins affecting diverse cellular processes. These included proteins involved in pathogen perception and response, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) and RLK superfamily members, integral membrane transporters, ATPases, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptors (SNAREs) and heterotrimeric G-proteins. The prediction of S-acylation of related proteins was demonstrated by the identification and confirmation of S-acylation sites within the SNARE and LRR-RLK families. We showed that S-acylation of the LRR-RLK FLS2 is required for a full response to elicitation by the flagellin derived peptide flg22, but is not required for localization to the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis contains many more S-acylated proteins than previously thought. These data can be used to identify S-acylation sites in related proteins. We also demonstrated that S-acylation is required for full LRR-RLK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers A Hemsley
- School of Biological Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Thilo Weimar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Claire S Grierson
- School of Biological Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
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Perraki A, Cacas JL, Crowet JM, Lins L, Castroviejo M, German-Retana S, Mongrand S, Raffaele S. Plasma membrane localization of Solanum tuberosum remorin from group 1, homolog 3 is mediated by conformational changes in a novel C-terminal anchor and required for the restriction of potato virus X movement]. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:624-37. [PMID: 22855937 PMCID: PMC3461544 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of plasma membrane (PM) microdomains plays a crucial role in the regulation of membrane signaling and trafficking. Remorins are a plant-specific family of proteins organized in six phylogenetic groups, and Remorins of group 1 are among the few plant proteins known to specifically associate with membrane rafts. As such, they are valuable to understand the molecular bases for PM lateral organization in plants. However, little is known about the structural determinants underlying the specific association of group 1 Remorins with membrane rafts. We used a structure-function approach to identify a short C-terminal anchor (RemCA) indispensable and sufficient for tight direct binding of potato (Solanum tuberosum) REMORIN 1.3 (StREM1.3) to the PM. RemCA switches from unordered to α-helical structure in a nonpolar environment. Protein structure modeling indicates that RemCA folds into a tight hairpin of amphipathic helices. Consistently, mutations reducing RemCA amphipathy abolished StREM1.3 PM localization. Furthermore, RemCA directly binds to biological membranes in vitro, shows higher affinity for Detergent-Insoluble Membranes lipids, and targets yellow fluorescent protein to Detergent-Insoluble Membranes in vivo. Mutations in RemCA resulting in cytoplasmic StREM1.3 localization abolish StREM1.3 function in restricting potato virus X movement. The mechanisms described here provide new insights on the control and function of lateral segregation of plant PM.
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Marín M, Thallmair V, Ott T. The intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of AtREM1.3 remorin protein mediates protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39982-91. [PMID: 23027878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.414292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The longstanding structure-function paradigm, which states that a protein only serves a biological function in a structured state, had to be substantially revised with the description of intrinsic disorder in proteins. Intrinsically disordered regions that undergo a stimulus-dependent disorder-to-order transition are common to a large number of signaling proteins. However, little is known about the functionality of intrinsically disordered regions in plant proteins. Here we investigated intrinsic disorder in a plant-specific remorin protein that has been described as a signaling component in plant-microbe interactions. Using bioinformatic, biochemical, and biophysical approaches, we characterized the highly abundant remorin AtREM1.3, showing that its N-terminal region is intrinsically disordered. Although only the AtREM1.3 C-terminal domain is essential for stable homo-oligomerization, the N-terminal region facilitates this interaction. Furthermore, we confirmed the stable interaction between AtREM1.3 and four isoforms of the importin α protein family in a yeast two-hybrid system and by an in planta bimolecular fluorescent complementation assay. Phosphorylation of Ser-66 in the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region decreases the interaction strength with the importin α proteins. Hence, the N-terminal region may constitute a regulatory domain, stabilizing these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Marín
- Institute of Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, Martinsried 82152, Germany.
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Functional domain analysis of the Remorin protein LjSYMREM1 in Lotus japonicus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30817. [PMID: 22292047 PMCID: PMC3264624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In legumes rhizobial infection during root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is controlled by a conserved set of receptor proteins and downstream components. MtSYMREM1, a protein of the Remorin family in Medicago truncatula, was shown to interact with at least three receptor-like kinases (RLKs) that are essential for RNS. Remorins are comprised of a conserved C-terminal domain and a variable N-terminal region that defines the six different Remorin groups. While both N- and C-terminal regions of Remorins belonging to the same phylogenetic group are similar to each other throughout the plant kingdom, the N-terminal domains of legume-specific group 2 Remorins show exceptional high degrees of sequence divergence suggesting evolutionary specialization of this protein within this clade. We therefore identified and characterized the MtSYMREM1 ortholog from Lotus japonicus (LjSYMREM1), a model legume that forms determinate root nodules. Here, we resolved its spatio-temporal regulation and showed that over-expression of LjSYMREM1 increases nodulation on transgenic roots. Using a structure-function approach we show that protein interactions including Remorin oligomerization are mainly mediated and stabilized by the Remorin C-terminal region with its coiled-coil domain while the RLK kinase domains transiently interact in vivo and phosphorylate a residue in the N-terminal region of the LjSYMREM1 protein in vitro. These data provide novel insights into the mechanism of this putative molecular scaffold protein and underline its importance during rhizobial infection.
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Unraveling plant responses to bacterial pathogens through proteomics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:354801. [PMID: 22131803 PMCID: PMC3216475 DOI: 10.1155/2011/354801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria cause diseases in important crops and seriously and negatively impact agricultural production. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms by which plants resist bacterial infection at the stage of the basal immune response or mount a successful specific R-dependent defense response is crucial since a better understanding of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying these interactions will enable molecular and transgenic approaches to crops with increased biotic resistance. In recent years, proteomics has been used to gain in-depth understanding of many aspects of the host defense against pathogens and has allowed monitoring differences in abundance of proteins as well as posttranscriptional and posttranslational processes, protein activation/inactivation, and turnover. Proteomics also offers a window to study protein trafficking and routes of communication between organelles. Here, we summarize and discuss current progress in proteomics of the basal and specific host defense responses elicited by bacterial pathogens.
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Khurana P, Checker VG. The advent of genomics in mulberry and perspectives for productivity enhancement. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:825-38. [PMID: 21431349 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sericulture in India is a highly remunerative industry, especially for the rural population. Mulberry is an extremely versatile plant, having multifaceted applications, the most important being the sole feed for the monophagus silkworm, Bombyx mori. Profitability of the sericulture industry is directly correlated with production of high-quality mulberry leaves. However, mulberry productivity is severely impacted by abiotic as well as biotic stresses. Therefore, to develop stress-tolerant mulberry with desired characteristics, a comprehensive understanding and utility of biotechnological resources is essential. Research efforts on mulberry encompass broad range of fields in plant biology from breeding, molecular markers, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Additionally, a large number of mulberry germplasm accessions have been maintained and evaluated in several countries. Identification of superior cultivars under stressed regimes is extremely important, and therefore, physiological traits have often been used as proxy genetic markers for assessing stress tolerance index. Mulberry genomic resources have provided a limited but an important list of novel candidate genes, thus enhancing the scope for future investigations for improvement of its productivity. The present review article gives a bird's eye view of current initiatives of genomics advancements in mulberry research and enumerates the prospects for enhancing its productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Jarsch IK, Ott T. Perspectives on remorin proteins, membrane rafts, and their role during plant-microbe interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2011; 24:7-12. [PMID: 21138374 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of host cells by pathogenic or mutualistic microbes requires complex molecular dialogues that often determine host survival. Although several components of the underlying signaling cascades have recently been identified and characterized, our understanding of proteins that facilitate signal transduction or assemble signaling complexes is rather sparse. Our knowledge of plant-specific remorin proteins, annotated as proteins with unknown function, has recently advanced with respect to their involvement in host-microbe interactions. Current data demonstrating that a remorin protein restricts viral movement in tomato leaves and the importance of a symbiosis-specific remorin for bacterial infection of root nodules suggest that these proteins may serve such regulatory functions. Direct interactions of other remorins with a resistance protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, and differential phosphorylation upon perception of microbial-associated molecular patterns and during expression of bacterial effector proteins, strongly underline their roles in plant defense. Furthermore, the specific subcellular localization of remorins in plasma membrane microdomains now provides the opportunity to visualize membrane rafts in living plants cells. There, remorins may oligomerize and act as scaffold proteins during early signaling events. This review summarizes current knowledge of this protein family and the potential roles of remorins in membrane rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Jarsch
- University of Munich (LMU), Institute of Genetics, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Benitez-Alfonso Y, Faulkner C, Ritzenthaler C, Maule AJ. Plasmodesmata: gateways to local and systemic virus infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2010; 23:1403-12. [PMID: 20687788 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-10-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As channels that provide cell-to-cell connectivity, plasmodesmata are central to the local and systemic spread of viruses in plants. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the structure and function of these channels and the ways in which viruses bring about functional changes that allow macromolecular trafficking to occur. Despite the passing of two decades since the first identification of a viral movement protein that mediates these changes, our understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms remains in its infancy. However, viral movement proteins provide valuable tools for the modification of plasmodesmata and will continue to assist in the dissection of plasmodesmal properties in relation to their core roles in cell-to-cell communication.
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Lucau-Danila A, Laborde L, Legrand S, Huot L, Hot D, Lemoine Y, Hilbert JL, Hawkins S, Quillet MC, Hendriks T, Blervacq AS. Identification of novel genes potentially involved in somatic embryogenesis in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:122. [PMID: 20565992 PMCID: PMC3017773 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our laboratory we use cultured chicory (Cichorium intybus) explants as a model to investigate cell reactivation and somatic embryogenesis and have produced 2 chicory genotypes (K59, C15) sharing a similar genetic background. K59 is a responsive genotype (embryogenic) capable of undergoing complete cell reactivation i.e. cell de- and re-differentiation leading to somatic embryogenesis (SE), whereas C15 is a non-responsive genotype (non-embryogenic) and is unable to undergo SE. Previous studies 1 showed that the use of the beta-D-glucosyl Yariv reagent (beta-GlcY) that specifically binds arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) blocked somatic embryo production in chicory root explants. This observation indicates that beta-GlcY is a useful tool for investigating somatic embryogenesis (SE) in chicory. In addition, a putative AGP (DT212818) encoding gene was previously found to be significantly up-regulated in the embryogenic K59 chicory genotype as compared to the non-embryogenic C15 genotype suggesting that this AGP could be involved in chicory re-differentiation 2. In order to improve our understanding of the molecular and cellular regulation underlying SE in chicory, we undertook a detailed cytological study of cell reactivation events in K59 and C15 genotypes, and used microarray profiling to compare gene expression in these 2 genotypes. In addition we also used beta-GlcY to block SE in order to identify genes potentially involved in this process. RESULTS Microscopy confirmed that only the K59, but not the C15 genotype underwent complete cell reactivation leading to SE formation. beta-GlcY-treatment of explants blocked in vitro SE induction, but not cell reactivation, and induced cell wall modifications. Microarray analyses revealed that 78 genes were differentially expressed between induced K59 and C15 genotypes. The expression profiles of 19 genes were modified by beta-GlcY-treatment. Eight genes were both differentially expressed between K59 and C15 genotypes during SE induction and transcriptionally affected by beta-GlcY-treatment: AGP (DT212818), 26 S proteasome AAA ATPase subunit 6 (RPT6), remorin (REM), metallothionein-1 (MT1), two non-specific lipid transfer proteins genes (SDI-9 and DEA1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), and snakin 2 (SN2). These results suggest that the 8 genes, including the previously-identified AGP gene (DT212818), could be involved in cell fate determination events leading to SE commitment in chicory. CONCLUSION The use of two different chicory genotypes differing in their responsiveness to SE induction, together with beta-GlcY-treatment represented an efficient tool to discriminate cell reactivation from the SE morphogenetic pathway. Such an approach, together with microarray analyses, permitted us to identify several putative key genes related to the SE morphogenetic pathway in chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Lucau-Danila
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Laborde
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Novartis Pharma AC, ONC/DD 11/BIO Lab MAIRA, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Legrand
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- EA 3061, Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Université Jean Monnet, 23 rue du docteur Paul Michelon, F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- U1019, UMR8204, Transcriptomics and applied Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), 1 rue du professeur Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- U1019, UMR8204, Transcriptomics and applied Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), 1 rue du professeur Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Yves Lemoine
- U1019, UMR8204, Transcriptomics and applied Genomics, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), 1 rue du professeur Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hilbert
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Simon Hawkins
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie-Christine Quillet
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Theo Hendriks
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Blervacq
- UMR USTL-INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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A remorin protein interacts with symbiotic receptors and regulates bacterial infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:2343-8. [PMID: 20133878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913320107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remorin proteins have been hypothesized to play important roles during cellular signal transduction processes. Induction of some members of this multigene family has been reported during biotic interactions. However, no roles during host-bacteria interactions have been assigned to remorin proteins until now. We used root nodule symbiosis between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti to study the roles of a remorin that is specifically induced during nodulation. Here we show that this oligomeric remorin protein attaches to the host plasma membrane surrounding the bacteria and controls infection and release of rhizobia into the host cytoplasm. It interacts with the core set of symbiotic receptors that are essential for perception of bacterial signaling molecules, and thus might represent a plant-specific scaffolding protein.
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Raffaele S, Bayer E, Mongrand S. Upregulation of the plant protein remorin correlates with dehiscence and cell maturation: a link with the maturation of plasmodesmata? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:915-9. [PMID: 19826231 PMCID: PMC2801352 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.10.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Remorins are plant-specific proteins found associated with plasma membrane microdomains, called lipid rafts. Recently, we have shown that this lipid raft marker also accumulated at plasmodesmata, likely within the plasma membrane lining these structures. Here, we have investigated the gene expression and protein accumulation patterns of remorin at the organ and cell type levels. We show that remorin level is significantly increased in dehiscent, mature and ageing tissues, as well as in source parts of the leaves, where mature branched plasmodesmata are in majority. These results suggest that remorin predominantly associates with mature branched plasmodesmata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Raffaele S, Bayer E, Lafarge D, Cluzet S, German Retana S, Boubekeur T, Leborgne-Castel N, Carde JP, Lherminier J, Noirot E, Satiat-Jeunemaître B, Laroche-Traineau J, Moreau P, Ott T, Maule AJ, Reymond P, Simon-Plas F, Farmer EE, Bessoule JJ, Mongrand S. Remorin, a solanaceae protein resident in membrane rafts and plasmodesmata, impairs potato virus X movement. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:1541-55. [PMID: 19470590 PMCID: PMC2700541 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.064279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Remorins (REMs) are proteins of unknown function specific to vascular plants. We have used imaging and biochemical approaches and in situ labeling to demonstrate that REM clusters at plasmodesmata and in approximately 70-nm membrane domains, similar to lipid rafts, in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. From a manipulation of REM levels in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants, we show that Potato virus X (PVX) movement is inversely related to REM accumulation. We show that REM can interact physically with the movement protein TRIPLE GENE BLOCK PROTEIN1 from PVX. Based on the localization of REM and its impact on virus macromolecular trafficking, we discuss the potential for lipid rafts to act as functional components in plasmodesmata and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
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Widjaja I, Naumann K, Roth U, Wolf N, Mackey D, Dangl JL, Scheel D, Lee J. Combining subproteome enrichment and Rubisco depletion enables identification of low abundance proteins differentially regulated during plant defense. Proteomics 2009; 9:138-47. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rocco M, Corrado G, Arena S, D'Ambrosio C, Tortiglione C, Sellaroli S, Marra M, Rao R, Scaloni A. The expression of tomato prosystemin gene in tobacco plants highly affects host proteomic repertoire. J Proteomics 2008; 71:176-85. [PMID: 18617145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemin, an octadecapeptide isolated from tomato, is a primary signal molecule involved in the local and systemic responses to pest attack, elicited by activation of a set of defence genes. It derives from processing of prosystemin, a prohormone of almost 200 amino acids. Prosystemin orthologues have been found in other Solanaceae species but not in tobacco, where are present hydroxyproline-rich peptides functionally but not structurally related to tomato systemin. Molecular events leading to the release of signalling peptides from protein precursors are unknown in plants; the occurrence of a family of signal molecules suggests that initiation of wound response may involve different processing mechanisms. It has been previously shown that the protein product from an engineered tomato prosystemin gene is processed in tobacco, thus suggesting that the components responsible for its post-translational modifications are present in this species. By analyzing analysing the proteome repertoire of transformed tobacco plant leaves with 2-DE, here we demonstrate that the constitutive expression of the tomato prosystemin gene highly affected host protein synthesis. In particular, engineered plants showed a number of differentially synthesized proteins that were identified by PMF MALDI-TOF and microLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS experiments as polypeptide species involved in protection from pathogens and oxidative stress, or in carbon/energy metabolism. Significant differences in over-produced proteins were observed with respect to previous data reported on systemin-engineered tomato plants. Our results strongly support the need of using proteomic approaches during systematic analysis of plant tissues to investigate the principle of substantial equivalence in transgenic plants expressing a transgene coding for a signalling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Raffaele S, Mongrand S, Gamas P, Niebel A, Ott T. Genome-wide annotation of remorins, a plant-specific protein family: evolutionary and functional perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 145:593-600. [PMID: 17984200 PMCID: PMC2048807 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Fernando DD. Characterization of pollen tube development inPinus strobus (Eastern white pine) through proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins. Proteomics 2005; 5:4917-26. [PMID: 16247732 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The differentially expressed proteins in pollen tubes indicate their specific roles in this stage of male gametophyte development. To isolate these proteins, 2-DE was done using ungerminated pollen and 2-day-old pollen tubes of Pinus strobus. Results show that 645 and 647 protein spots were clearly resolved from pollen grains and pollen tubes, respectively. Thirty-eight protein spots were expressed only in pollen tubes, while 19 increased in intensity. MALDI-TOF MS was used to generate tryptic peptide masses that were submitted to Mascot for identification. Of the differentially expressed proteins, 12% matched with hypothetical proteins, 33% did not hit any protein, and for the 55%, a putative function was assigned based on similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins. Therefore, pollen tube development can be characterized by the cellular activities that involve metabolism, stress/defense response, gene regulation, signal transduction, and cell wall formation. This study expands our understanding of the changes in protein expression associated with pollen tube development and provides insights into the molecular programs that separate the development of the pollen tubes from pollen grains. This is the first report that describes a global analysis of differentially expressed proteins from the pollen tube of any seed plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo D Fernando
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 461 Illick Hall, I Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Kistner C, Winzer T, Pitzschke A, Mulder L, Sato S, Kaneko T, Tabata S, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Webb KJ, Szczyglowski K, Parniske M. Seven Lotus japonicus genes required for transcriptional reprogramming of the root during fungal and bacterial symbiosis. THE PLANT CELL 2005; 17:2217-29. [PMID: 15980262 PMCID: PMC1182484 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.032714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A combined genetic and transcriptome analysis was performed to study the molecular basis of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis. By testing the AM phenotype of nodulation-impaired mutants and complementation analysis, we defined seven Lotus japonicus common symbiosis genes (SYMRK, CASTOR, POLLUX, SYM3, SYM6, SYM15, and SYM24) that are required for both fungal and bacterial entry into root epidermal or cortical cells. To describe the phenotype of these mutants at the molecular level, we screened for differentiating transcriptional responses of mutant and wild-type roots by large-scale gene expression profiling using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism. Two percent of root transcripts was found to increase in abundance during AM development, from which a set of AM-regulated marker genes was established. A Ser-protease (SbtS) and a Cys-protease (CysS) were also activated during root nodule development. AM-induced transcriptional activation was abolished in roots carrying mutations in common symbiosis genes, suggesting a central position of these genes in a pathway leading to the transcriptional activation of downstream genes. By contrast, AM fungus-induced gene repression appeared to be unaffected in mutant backgrounds, which indicates the presence of additional independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilo Winzer
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | | | | | - Niels Sandal
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - K. Judith Webb
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Szczyglowski
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
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41
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El Yahyaoui F, Küster H, Ben Amor B, Hohnjec N, Pühler A, Becker A, Gouzy J, Vernié T, Gough C, Niebel A, Godiard L, Gamas P. Expression profiling in Medicago truncatula identifies more than 750 genes differentially expressed during nodulation, including many potential regulators of the symbiotic program. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 136:3159-76. [PMID: 15466239 PMCID: PMC523376 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.043612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a large-scale expression-profiling approach to identify genes differentially regulated during the symbiotic interaction between the model legume Medicago truncatula and the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. Macro- and microarrays containing about 6,000 probes were generated on the basis of three cDNA libraries dedicated to the study of root symbiotic interactions. The experiments performed on wild-type and symbiotic mutant material led us to identify a set of 756 genes either up- or down-regulated at different stages of the nodulation process. Among these, 41 known nodulation marker genes were up-regulated as expected, suggesting that we have identified hundreds of new nodulation marker genes. We discuss the possible involvement of this wide range of genes in various aspects of the symbiotic interaction, such as bacterial infection, nodule formation and functioning, and defense responses. Importantly, we found at least 13 genes that are good candidates to play a role in the regulation of the symbiotic program. This represents substantial progress toward a better understanding of this complex developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri El Yahyaoui
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-Organismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France
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42
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Coaker GL, Willard B, Kinter M, Stockinger EJ, Francis DM. Proteomic analysis of resistance mediated by Rcm 2.0 and Rcm 5.1, two loci controlling resistance to bacterial canker of tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2004; 17:1019-28. [PMID: 15384492 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.9.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two quantitative trait loci from Lycopersicon hirsutum, Rcm 2.0 and Rcm 5.1, control resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato. Lines containing Rcm 2.0 and Rcm 5.1 and a susceptible control line were compared at 72 and 144 h postinoculation, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify proteins regulated in response to C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection. A total of 47 proteins were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry. Database queries with resulting spectra identified tomato genes for 26 proteins. The remaining 21 proteins were either identified in other species or possessed no homology to known proteins. Spectra were interpreted to deduce peptide amino acid sequences that were then used to query publicly available data. This approach identified tomato genes or expressed sequence tags for 44 of the proteins analyzed. Three superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were differentially regulated among genotypes, and patterns of hydrogen peroxide accumulation were genotype- and tissue-specific, indicating a role for oxidative stress in response to C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Steady-state mRNA and protein levels for SOD, thioredoxin M-type, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, and pathogenesis-related proteins demonstrated similar patterns of differential regulation. Lines containing Rcm 2.0 and Rcm 5.1 accumulate different proteins and steady-state mRNAs in response to inoculation, suggesting that the two loci may confer resistance through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta L Coaker
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster 44691, USA
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43
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Bariola PA, Retelska D, Stasiak A, Kammerer RA, Fleming A, Hijri M, Frank S, Farmer EE. Remorins form a novel family of coiled coil-forming oligomeric and filamentous proteins associated with apical, vascular and embryonic tissues in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 55:579-94. [PMID: 15604702 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-004-1520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Remorins form a superfamily of plant-specific plasma membrane/lipid-raft-associated proteins of unknown structure and function. Using specific antibodies, we localized tomato remorin 1 to apical tissues, leaf primordia and vascular traces. The deduced remorin protein sequence contains a predicted coiled coil-domain, suggesting its participation in protein-protein interactions. Circular dichroism revealed that recombinant potato remorin contains an alpha-helical region that forms a functional coiled-coil domain. Electron microscopy of purified preparations of four different recombinant remorins, one from potato, two divergent isologs from tomato, and one from Arabidopsis thaliana , demonstrated that the proteins form highly similar filamentous structures. The diameters of the negatively-stained filaments ranged from 4.6-7.4 nm for potato remorin 1, 4.3-6.2 nm for tomato remorin 1, 5.7-7.5 nm for tomato remorin 2, and 5.7-8.0 nm for Arabidopsis Dbp. Highly polymerized remorin 1 was detected in glutaraldehyde-crosslinked tomato plasma membrane preparations and a population of the protein was immunolocalized in tomato root tips to structures associated with discrete regions of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline A Bariola
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Yap MN, Lee RH, Huang YJ, Liao CJ, Chen SCG. Molecular characterization of a novel senescence-associated gene SPA15 induced during leaf senescence in sweet potato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 51:471-481. [PMID: 12650614 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022334820332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The structure and expression of a novel senescence-associated gene (SPA15) of sweet potato were characterized. The protein coding region of the gene consists of 13 exons encoding 420 amino acids. Apparent homologues of this sweet potato gene are found in a variety of dicot and monocot plants, but not in animals or microorganisms. Examination of the expression patterns of the SPA15 gene in sweet potato reveals that the transcripts of SPA15 are specifically induced in the senescing leaves, and the temporal profile of SPA15 protein accumulation is correlated with that of SPA15 transcripts. Studies on the distribution of SPA15 homologue in rice plants also indicate that SPA15 homologue is up-regulated specifically in senescing rice leaves. Treatment of detached sweet potato leaves with phytohormones including ethylene, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and abscisic acid resulted in a high-level induction of SPA15. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis demonstrates that SPA15 is specifically associated with the cell wall. The potential role for SPA15 during leaf senescence is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Acetates
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cyclopentanes
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Ethylenes/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Ipomoea batatas/genetics
- Ipomoea batatas/growth & development
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oryza/genetics
- Oxylipins
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/growth & development
- Plant Leaves/ultrastructure
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Salicylic Acid/pharmacology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ngan Yap
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Watson BS, Asirvatham VS, Wang L, Sumner LW. Mapping the proteome of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:1104-23. [PMID: 12644662 PMCID: PMC166875 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.019034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2002] [Revised: 12/24/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A survey of six organ-/tissue-specific proteomes of the model legume barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) was performed. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reference maps of protein extracts from leaves, stems, roots, flowers, seed pods, and cell suspension cultures were obtained. Five hundred fifty-one proteins were excised and 304 proteins identified using peptide mass fingerprinting and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Nanoscale high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to validate marginal matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry protein identifications. This dataset represents one of the most comprehensive plant proteome projects to date and provides a basis for future proteome comparison of genetic mutants, biotically and abiotically challenged plants, and/or environmentally challenged plants. Technical details concerning peptide mass fingerprinting, database queries, and protein identification success rates in the absence of a sequenced genome are reported and discussed. A summary of the identified proteins and their putative functions are presented. The tissue-specific expression of proteins and the levels of identified proteins are compared with their related transcript abundance as quantified through EST counting. It is estimated that approximately 50% of the proteins appear to be correlated with their corresponding mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie S Watson
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, PO Box 2180, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73402, USA
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46
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Wienkoop S, Saalbach G. Proteome analysis. Novel proteins identified at the peribacteroid membrane from Lotus japonicus root nodules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:1080-90. [PMID: 12644660 PMCID: PMC166873 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.015362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2002] [Revised: 11/21/2002] [Accepted: 12/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The peribacteroid membrane (PBM) forms the structural and functional interface between the legume plant and the rhizobia. The model legume Lotus japonicus was chosen to study the proteins present at the PBM by proteome analysis. PBM was purified from root nodules by an aqueous polymer two-phase system. Extracted proteins were subjected to a global trypsin digest. The peptides were separated by nanoscale liquid chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Searching the nonredundant protein database and the green plant expressed sequence tag database using the tandem mass spectrometry data identified approximately 94 proteins, a number far exceeding the number of proteins reported for the PBM hitherto. In particular, a number of membrane proteins like transporters for sugars and sulfate; endomembrane-associated proteins such as GTP-binding proteins and vesicle receptors; and proteins involved in signaling, for example, receptor kinases, calmodulin, 14-3-3 proteins, and pathogen response-related proteins, including a so-called HIR protein, were detected. Several ATPases and aquaporins were present, indicating a more complex situation than previously thought. In addition, the unexpected presence of a number of proteins known to be located in other compartments was observed. Two characteristic protein complexes obtained from native gel electrophoresis of total PBM proteins were also analyzed. Together, the results identified specific proteins at the PBM involved in important physiological processes and localized proteins known from nodule-specific expressed sequence tag databases to the PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Plant Research, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark
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47
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Fedorova M, van de Mortel J, Matsumoto PA, Cho J, Town CD, VandenBosch KA, Gantt JS, Vance CP. Genome-wide identification of nodule-specific transcripts in the model legume Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 130:519-37. [PMID: 12376622 PMCID: PMC166584 DOI: 10.1104/pp.006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Medicago truncatula expressed sequence tag (EST) database (Gene Index) contains over 140,000 sequences from 30 cDNA libraries. This resource offers the possibility of identifying previously uncharacterized genes and assessing the frequency and tissue specificity of their expression in silico. Because M. truncatula forms symbiotic root nodules, unlike Arabidopsis, this is a particularly important approach in investigating genes specific to nodule development and function in legumes. Our analyses have revealed 340 putative gene products, or tentative consensus sequences (TCs), expressed solely in root nodules. These TCs were represented by two to 379 ESTs. Of these TCs, 3% appear to encode novel proteins, 57% encode proteins with a weak similarity to the GenBank accessions, and 40% encode proteins with strong similarity to the known proteins. Nodule-specific TCs were grouped into nine categories based on the predicted function of their protein products. Besides previously characterized nodulins, other examples of highly abundant nodule-specific transcripts include plantacyanin, agglutinin, embryo-specific protein, and purine permease. Six nodule-specific TCs encode calmodulin-like proteins that possess a unique cleavable transit sequence potentially targeting the protein into the peribacteroid space. Surprisingly, 114 nodule-specific TCs encode small Cys cluster proteins with a cleavable transit peptide. To determine the validity of the in silico analysis, expression of 91 putative nodule-specific TCs was analyzed by macroarray and RNA-blot hybridizations. Nodule-enhanced expression was confirmed experimentally for the TCs composed of five or more ESTs, whereas the results for those TCs containing fewer ESTs were variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fedorova
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, 1991 Upper Bedford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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48
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Johnson GB, Brunn GJ, Kodaira Y, Platt JL. Receptor-mediated monitoring of tissue well-being via detection of soluble heparan sulfate by Toll-like receptor 4. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5233-9. [PMID: 11994480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations to the well-being of tissues in plants and invertebrates generate fragments of endogenous molecules that are recognized by innate immune receptors. Vertebrates have homologous receptors on specialized cells such as dendritic cells, but whether these receptors respond to fragments of endogenous molecules is not known. We tested the idea that Toll-like receptors on dendritic cells might recognize polysaccharide fragments of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Dendritic cells were found to mature in response to heparan sulfate as measured by costimulatory protein expression, morphology, and T lymphocyte stimulation, but this maturation was absent when Toll-like receptor 4 was mutated or inhibited. These findings suggest that Toll-like receptors in vertebrates may monitor tissue well-being by recognizing fragments of endogenous macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey B Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 2-66 Medical Sciences Building, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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49
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Ridley BL, O'Neill MA, Mohnen D. Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturonide-related signaling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:929-67. [PMID: 11423142 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1133] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a family of complex polysaccharides present in all plant primary cell walls. The complicated structure of the pectic polysaccharides, and the retention by plants of the large number of genes required to synthesize pectin, suggests that pectins have multiple functions in plant growth and development. In this review we summarize the current level of understanding of pectin primary and tertiary structure, and describe new methods that may be useful to study localized pectin structure in the plant cell wall. We also discuss progress in our understanding of how pectin is biosynthesized and review the biological activities and possible modes of action of pectic oligosaccharides referred to as oligogalacturonides. We present our view of critical questions regarding pectin structure, biosynthesis, and function that need to be addressed in the coming decade. As the plant community works towards understanding the functions of the tens of thousands of genes expressed by plants, a large number of those genes are likely to be involved in the synthesis, turnover, biological activity, and restructuring of pectin. A combination of genetic, molecular, biochemical and chemical approaches will be necessary to fully understand the function and biosynthesis of pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Ridley
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
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50
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Abstract
Plants undergoing the onslaught of wound-causing agents activate mechanisms directed to healing and further defence. Responses to mechanical damage are either local or systemic or both and hence involve the generation, translocation, perception, and transduction of wound signals to activate the expression of wound-inducible genes. Although the central role for jasmonic acid in plant responses to wounding is well established, other compounds, including the oligopeptide systemin, oligosaccharides, and other phytohormones such as abscisic acid and ethylene, as well as physical factors such as hydraulic pressure or electrical pulses, have also been proposed to play a role in wound signalling. Different jasmonic acid-dependent and -independent wound signal transduction pathways have been identified recently and partially characterized. Components of these signalling pathways are mostly similar to those implicated in other signalling cascades in eukaryotes, and include reversible protein phosphorylation steps, calcium/calmodulin-regulated events, and production of active oxygen species. Indeed, some of these components involved in transducing wound signals also function in signalling other plant defence responses, suggesting that cross-talk events may regulate temporal and spatial activation of different defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas CSIC-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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