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Boncheva I, Poudrier J, Falcone EL. Role of the intestinal microbiota in host defense against respiratory viral infections. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101410. [PMID: 38718575 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, can alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, can significantly influence both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in either enhanced pathogen clearance or exacerbation of the infection, possibly leading to inflammatory complications. A deeper understanding of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and host immune responses in the context of respiratory viral infections (i.e. the gut-lung axis) is necessary to develop new treatments. This review highlights key mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota, including its metabolites, can act locally or at distant organs to combat respiratory viruses. Therapeutics aimed at harnessing the microbiota to prevent and/or help treat respiratory viral infections represent a promising avenue for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idia Boncheva
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute/Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute/Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilia L Falcone
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute/Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Zhang L, Zhou E, Liu C, Tian X, Xue B, Zhang K, Luo B. Avian influenza and gut microbiome in poultry and humans: A "One Health" perspective. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:455-462. [PMID: 38933214 PMCID: PMC11197557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A gradual increase in avian influenza outbreaks has been found in recent years. It is highly possible to trigger the next human pandemic due to the characteristics of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in avian influenza virus (AIV). Although great improvements in understanding influenza viruses and the associated diseases have been unraveled, our knowledge of how these viruses impact the gut microbiome of both poultry and humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is still improving. The "One Health" approach shows better vitality in monitoring and mitigating the risk of avian influenza, which requires a multi-sectoral effort and highlights the interconnection of human health with environmental sustainability and animal health. Therefore, monitoring the gut microbiome may serve as a sentinel for protecting the common health of the environment, animals, and humans. This review summarizes the interactions between AIV infection and the gut microbiome of poultry and humans and their potential mechanisms. With the presented suggestions, we hope to address the current major challenges in the surveillance and prevention of microbiome-related avian influenza with the "One Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Erkai Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ce Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Baode Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China
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3
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Yousefi Y, Baines KJ, Maleki Vareki S. Microbiome bacterial influencers of host immunity and response to immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101487. [PMID: 38547865 PMCID: PMC11031383 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences anti-tumor immunity and can induce or inhibit response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, microbiome features are being studied as predictive/prognostic biomarkers of patient response to ICIs, and microbiome-based interventions are attractive adjuvant treatments in combination with ICIs. Specific gut-resident bacteria can influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy; however, the mechanism of action on how these bacteria affect anti-tumor immunity and response to ICIs is not fully understood. Nevertheless, early bacterial-based therapeutic strategies have demonstrated that targeting the gut microbiome through various methods can enhance the effectiveness of ICIs, resulting in improved clinical responses in patients with a diverse range of cancers. Therefore, understanding the microbiota-driven mechanisms of response to immunotherapy can augment the success of these interventions, particularly in patients with treatment-refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Yousefi
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Kelly J Baines
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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4
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Winther K, Kristensen C, Henriksen BL, Hansen LHB, Ryt-Hansen P, Vestergaard G, Skovgaard K, Sandvang D, Boll EJ, Williams AR, Larsen LE. Bacillus subtilis-597 induces changes in lung pathology and inflammation during influenza A virus infection in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110032. [PMID: 38430715 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that imbalances in the gastrointestinal system can impact organs beyond the intestine such as the lungs. Given the established ability of probiotics to modulate the immune system by interacting with gastrointestinal cells, our research aimed to investigate whether administering the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis-597 could mitigate the outcome of influenza virus infection in pigs. Pigs were fed a diet either with or without the probiotic strain B. subtilis-597 for 14 days before being intranasally inoculated with a swine influenza A H1N2 strain (1 C.2 lineage). Throughout the study, we collected fecal samples, blood samples, and nasal swabs to examine viral shedding and immune gene expression. After seven days of infection, the pigs were euthanized, and lung and ileum tissues were collected for gene expression analysis and pathological examination. Our findings indicate that the administration of B. subtilis-597 exhibit potential in reducing lung lesions, possibly attributable to a general suppression of the immune system as indicated by reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum, decreased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and localized reduction of the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A (SAA) in ileum tissue. Notably, the immune-modulatory effects of B. subtilis-597 appeared to be unrelated to the gastrointestinal microbiota, as the composition remained unaltered by both the influenza infection and the administration of B. subtilis-597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Winther
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Pia Ryt-Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Gisle Vestergaard
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Sandvang
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Erik Juncker Boll
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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5
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Che J, Shi J, Fang C, Zeng X, Wu Z, Du Q, Tu M, Pan D. Elimination of Pathogen Biofilms via Postbiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Method in Food and Biomedicine. Microorganisms 2024; 12:704. [PMID: 38674648 PMCID: PMC11051744 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic biofilms provide a naturally favorable barrier for microbial growth and are closely related to the virulence of pathogens. Postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are secondary metabolites and cellular components obtained by inactivation of fermentation broth; they have a certain inhibitory effect on all stages of pathogen biofilms. Postbiotics from LAB have drawn attention because of their high stability, safety dose parameters, and long storage period, which give them a broad application prospect in the fields of food and medicine. The mechanisms of eliminating pathogen biofilms via postbiotics from LAB mainly affect the surface adhesion, self-aggregation, virulence, and QS of pathogens influencing interspecific and intraspecific communication. However, there are some factors (preparation process and lack of target) which can limit the antibiofilm impact of postbiotics. Therefore, by using a delivery carrier and optimizing process parameters, the effect of interfering factors can be eliminated. This review summarizes the concept and characteristics of postbiotics from LAB, focusing on their preparation technology and antibiofilm effect, and the applications and limitations of postbiotics in food processing and clinical treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Che
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Chenguang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Qiwei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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MAKIZAKI Y, KISHIMOTO M, TANAKA Y, OHNO H. Activation of chloride channels and promotion of bowel movements by heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:234-240. [PMID: 38966049 PMCID: PMC11220339 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is strongly associated with the deterioration of quality of life (QOL), and patients with constipation desire clear spontaneous defecation without the feeling of incomplete evacuation, rather than improved defecation frequency. The use of common osmotic or stimulant laxatives has not been shown to lead to a satisfactory improvement of bowel movements. In addition, softening of stools by increasing their water content has been reported to increase the frequency of spontaneous defecation and improve hard stools, straining during defecation, and abdominal symptoms, such as abdominal bloating, thereby leading to improvement of QOL deterioration caused by constipation. Thus, the present study screened bacterial strains in vitro using intestinal epithelial T84 cells, aiming to identify one that activates chloride channels involved in water secretion into the intestinal tract. As a result, the conditioned medium of Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 was found to induce ion transport. Also, this effect was suppressed by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (inh)-172, a CFTR chloride channel inhibitor. Furthermore, both live and heat-killed CLA8013 similarly induced ion transport, suggesting that bacterial cell components are responsible for the effect. In addition, the administration of heat-killed CLA8013 to loperamide-induced constipation rats resulted in an increase in fecal water content and promoted defecation. These results suggest that the active components in CLA8013 act on CFTR chloride channels in the intestinal tract, promote water secretion into the intestinal tract, and soften stools, thereby promoting bowel movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka MAKIZAKI
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4
Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2242, Japan
| | - Mana KISHIMOTO
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4
Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2242, Japan
| | - Yoshiki TANAKA
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4
Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2242, Japan
| | - Hiroshi OHNO
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4
Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2242, Japan
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Zabel B, Mäkelä SM, Nedveck D, Hibberd AA, Yeung N, Latvala S, Lehtoranta L, Junnila J, Walters KB, Morovic W, Lehtinen MJ. The Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 on Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2582. [PMID: 37894240 PMCID: PMC10609243 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection is a major global disease requiring annual vaccination. Clinical studies indicate that certain probiotics may support immune function against influenza and other respiratory viruses, but direct molecular evidence is scarce. Here, mice were treated with a placebo or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 (Bl-04) orally via food (cereal) and also by gavage and exposed to Influenza A virus H1N1 (H1N1). The symptoms of the infection were observed, and tissues and digesta were collected for viral load RT-qPCR, transcriptomics, and microbiomics. The treatment decreased the viral load by 48% at day 3 post-infection in lungs and symptoms of infection at day 4 compared to placebo. Tissue transcriptomics showed differences between the Bl-04 and placebo groups in the genes in the Influenza A pathway in the intestine, blood, and lungs prior to and post-infection, but the results were inconclusive. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene profiling and qPCR showed the presence of Bl-04 in the intestine, but without major shifts in the microbiome. In conclusion, Bl-04 treatment may influence the host response against H1N1 in a murine challenge model; however, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Zabel
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, 3329 Agriculture Dr., Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Sanna M Mäkelä
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Derek Nedveck
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, 3329 Agriculture Dr., Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Ashley A Hibberd
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, 3329 Agriculture Dr., Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Nicolas Yeung
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Sinikka Latvala
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Liisa Lehtoranta
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | | | - Kevin B Walters
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research Institute, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Wesley Morovic
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, 3329 Agriculture Dr., Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Markus J Lehtinen
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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Chathuranga K, Shin Y, Uddin MB, Paek J, Chathuranga WAG, Seong Y, Bai L, Kim H, Shin JH, Chang YH, Lee JS. The novel immunobiotic Clostridium butyricum S-45-5 displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo by inducing immune modulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242183. [PMID: 37881429 PMCID: PMC10595006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is known as a probiotic butyric acid bacterium that can improve the intestinal environment. In this study, we isolated a new strain of C. butyricum from infant feces and evaluated its physiological characteristics and antiviral efficacy by modulating the innate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The isolated C. butyricum S-45-5 showed typical characteristics of C. butyricum including bile acid resistance, antibacterial ability, and growth promotion of various lactic acid bacteria. As an antiviral effect, C. butyricum S-45-5 markedly reduced the replication of influenza A virus (PR8), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. This suppression can be explained by the induction of antiviral state in cells by the induction of antiviral, IFN-related genes and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, oral administration of C. butyricum S-45-5 exhibited prophylactic effects on BALB/c mice against fatal doses of highly pathogenic mouse-adapted influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H9N2). Before challenge with influenza virus, C. butyricum S-45-5-treated BALB/c mice showed increased levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12 in serum, the small intestine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which correlated with observed prophylactic effects. Interestingly, after challenge with influenza virus, C. butyricum S-45-5-treated BALB/c mice showed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and relatively higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines at day 7 post-infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that C. butyricum S-45-5 plays an antiviral role in vitro and in vivo by inducing an antiviral state and affects immune modulation to alleviate local and systemic inflammatory responses caused by influenza virus infection. Our study provides the beneficial effects of the new C. butyricum S-45-5 with antiviral effects as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Shin
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jayoung Paek
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yebin Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Bai
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Kim
- Research and Development Division, Vitabio, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Chang
- Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) Research Support Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Taufer CR, Rampelotto PH. The Role of Bifidobacterium in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1847. [PMID: 37763251 PMCID: PMC10532519 DOI: 10.3390/life13091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mainly causes respiratory and intestinal symptoms and changes in the microbiota of patients. We performed a systematic search in major databases using "Bifidobacterium" and "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" as key terms to assess the relationship of the genus to COVID-19. After the selection steps, 25 articles were analyzed. Of these, eighteen were observational, and seven were interventional articles that evaluated the use of Bifidobacterium alone or in mix as probiotics for additional treatment of patients with COVID-19. All stages and severities were contemplated, including post-COVID-19 patients. Overall, Bifidobacterium was associated with both protective effects and reduced abundance in relation to the disease. The genus has been found to be abundant in some cases and linked to disease severity. The studies evaluating the use of Bifidobacterium as probiotics have demonstrated the potential of this genus in reducing symptoms, improving pulmonary function, reducing inflammatory markers, alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, and even contributing to better control of mortality. In summary, Bifidobacterium may offer protection against COVID-19 through its ability to modulate the immune response, reduce inflammation, compete with pathogenic microbes, and maintain gut barrier function. The findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the disease and the genus Bifidobacterium, highlighting the potential of microbiota modulation in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Reginato Taufer
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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10
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Ray M, Manjunath A, Halami PM. Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:182. [PMID: 37031431 PMCID: PMC10098245 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an acute respiratory viral infection conveyed by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of individuals globally, and is a public health emergency of international concern. Till now, there are no highly effective therapies for this infection without vaccination. As they can evolve quickly and cross the strain level easily, these viruses are causing epidemics or pandemics that are allied with more severe clinical diseases. A new approach is needed to improve immunity to confirm the protection against emerging viral infections. Probiotics can modify gut microbial dysbiosis, improve the host immune system, and stimulate immune signaling, increasing systemic immunity. Several probiotic bacterial therapies have been proven to decrease the period of bacterial or viral infections. Superinduction of inflammation, termed cytokine storm, has been directly linked with pneumonia and severe complications of viral respiratory infections. In this case, probiotics as potential immunomodulatory agents can be an appropriate candidate to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. During this COVID-19 pandemic, any approach that can induce mucosal and systemic immunity could be helpful. Here, we summarize contexts regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. In addition, the effects of probiotics, their mechanisms on different aspects of immune responses against respiratory viral infection, and their antiviral properties in clinical findings have been described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Ashwini Manjunath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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Kiso M, Uraki R, Ito M, Yamayoshi S, Kotani Y, Imai M, Kohda N, Kawaoka Y. Oral intake of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 partially protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1137133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Besides vaccines and antiviral drugs, probiotics have attracted attention for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we examined the efficacy of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 (b240) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. We observed that oral intake of heat-killed b240 did not affect virus titers in the respiratory organs of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, but did provide partial protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, heat-killed b240 treatment suppressed the expression of IL-6, a key proinflammatory cytokine, on Day 2 post-infection. Our results highlight the promising protective role of heat-killed b240 and suggest a possible mechanism by which heat-killed b240 partially protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating host responses.
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Feng J, Gao X, Chen X, Tong X, Qian M, Gao H, Wang J, Wang S, Fei C, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid against influenza-induced lung injury based on metabonomics and gut microbiome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115977. [PMID: 36481245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jinzhen Oral Liquid (JZOL) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine and widely used clinically, which consists of eight herbs including Bovis Calculus Atifactus, Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus (Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.), Caprae Hircus Cornu, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Rheum palmatum L.), Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.), Chloriti Lapis, and Gypsum Fibrosum (Their ratio is 9.45 : 47.25: 94.5 : 31.5: 15.75 : 31.5: 15.75 : 23.62). A large number of clinical studies have proved that JZOL has a good antiviral effect and can treat lung injury, pneumonia, and bronchitis caused by a variety of viral infections. AIM OF THE STUDY Influenza infection frequently exhibit dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes, but the mechanism of JZOL is still unclear and needs to be further explored. Here, after influenza virus infection induced lung injury, the regulation roles of JZOL in metabolic and gut microbiota balances are investigated to comprehensively elucidate its therapeutic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of lung injury was replicated via intranasal instillation of influenza A (H1N1). The efficacy of JZOL was evaluated by pathological sections, lung index, the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and viral load in lung tissue. Its modulation of endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota was assessed using plasma metabolomic technique and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique. RESULTS JZOL not only significantly relieved lung inflammation and edema in influenza mice, but also alleviated the disturbance of endogenous metabolites and the imbalance of gut microbiota mainly by regulating glycerophospholipid and fatty acid metabolism and Lactobacillus. The anti-influenza effects of JZOL were gut microbiota dependent, as demonstrated by antibiotic treatment. The altered metabolites were significantly correlated with Lactobacillus and pharmacodynamic indicators, further confirming the reliability of these results. CONCLUSIONS JZOL attenuates H1N1 influenza infection induced lung injury by regulating lipid metabolism via the modulation of Lactobacillus. The results support the clinical application of JZOL, and are useful to further understand the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xialin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Mengyu Qian
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Huifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Shanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Harnessing Innate Immunity to Treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections: Heat-Killed Caulobacter crescentus as a Novel Biotherapeutic. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040560. [PMID: 36831226 PMCID: PMC9954702 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a serious and devastating infectious disease worldwide. Approximately a quarter of the world population harbors latent Mtb infection without pathological consequences. Exposure of immunocompetent healthy individuals with Mtb does not result in active disease in more than 90% individuals, suggesting a defining role of host immunity to prevent and/or clear early infection. However, innate immune stimulation strategies have been relatively underexplored for the treatment of tuberculosis. In this study, we used cell culture and mouse models to examine the role of a heat-killed form of a non-pathogenic microbe, Caulobacter crescentus (HKCC), in inducing innate immunity and limiting Mtb infection. We also examined the added benefits of a distinct chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy that incorporates concurrent treatments with low doses of a first-line drug isoniazid and HKCC. This therapeutic approach resulted in highly significant reductions in disseminated Mtb in the lungs, liver, and spleen of mice compared to either agent alone. Our studies demonstrate the potential of a novel innate immunotherapeutic strategy with or without antimycobacterial drugs in controlling Mtb infection in mice and open new avenues for the treatment of tuberculosis in humans.
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Xie R, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li C, Cui D, Li S, Li Z, Liu H, Huang J. Hemagglutinin expressed by yeast reshapes immune microenvironment and gut microbiota to trigger diverse anti-infection response in infected birds. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125190. [PMID: 37143654 PMCID: PMC10151582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The H5N8 influenza virus is a highly pathogenic pathogen for poultry and human. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the spread of the virus right now. The traditional inactivated vaccine, though well developed and used widely, is laborious during application and more interests are stimulated in developing alternative approaches. Methods In this study, we developed three hemagglutinin (HA) gene-based yeast vaccine. In order to explore the protective efficacy of the vaccines, the gene expression level in the bursa of Fabricius and the structure of intestinal microflora in immunized animals were analyzed by RNA seq and 16SrRNA sequencing, and the regulatory mechanism of yeast vaccine was evaluated. Results All of these vaccines elicited the humoral immunity, inhibited viral load in the chicken tissues, and provided partial protective efficacy due to the high dose of the H5N8 virus. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that, compared to the traditional inactivated vaccine, our engineered yeast vaccine reshaped the immune cell microenvironment in bursa of Fabricius to promote the defense and immune responses. Analysis of gut microbiota further suggested that oral administration of engineered ST1814G/H5HA yeast vaccine increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the increasement of Reuteri and Muciniphila might benefit the recovery from influenza virus infection. These results provide strong evidence for further clinical use of these engineered yeast vaccine in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Xie
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyan Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Cui
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hualei Liu, ; Jinhai Huang,
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hualei Liu, ; Jinhai Huang,
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Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010252. [PMID: 36613693 PMCID: PMC9820259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium are prominent gut commensals that produce the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, and they are often used as probiotics. Connections between the gut and the lung, termed the gut-lung axis, are regulated by the microbiome. The gut-lung axis is increasingly implicated in cigarette smoke-induced diseases, and cigarette smoke exposure has been associated with depletion of Bifidobacterium species. In this study, we assessed the impact of acetate-producing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (WT) and a mutant strain with an impaired acetate production capacity (MUT) on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. The mice were treated with WT or MUT B. longum subsp. longum and exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks before assessments of lung inflammation, lung tissue gene expression and cecal SCFAs were performed. Both strains of B. longum subsp. longum reduced lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine expression and adhesion factor expression and alleviated cigarette smoke-induced depletion in caecum butyrate. Thus, the probiotic administration of B. longum subsp. longum, irrespective of its acetate-producing capacity, alleviated cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and the depletion of cecal butyrate levels.
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Kobatake E, Iwama Y, Arai T, Shioya N, Kise M, Kabuki T. Intake of Lactobacillus paragasseri SBT2055 improves subjective symptoms of common cold during winter season in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group comparative study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1063584. [PMID: 36570128 PMCID: PMC9773393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lactobacillus paragasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) has been reported to show immunostimulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LG2055 on the subjective symptoms of the physical condition in healthy adults. Materials and methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative study, Japanese individuals aged 20-64 years were recruited. A total of 200 participants were randomly divided into two groups by an independent controller (LG2055 and placebo groups; 100 participants per group). Drinkable yogurts containing LG2055 or lacking LG2055 (placebo) were used as test samples. The participants ingested one bottle of the test sample once a day for 12 weeks. A daily physical health questionnaire survey (about common cold symptoms) was performed as the primary outcome, and immunological and oxidative stress markers in saliva and serum were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Results In total, 198 participants completed the scheduled intake of the test samples, and five participants were excluded from the final analysis. Consequently, 193 participants (LG2055 group, n = 97; placebo group, n = 96) in the Per-Protocol Set were included in the efficacy analysis. The cumulative days of each symptom were evaluated, and the LG2055 group showed a significantly higher ratio of "without symptom" in runny nose, plugged nose, sneezing, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, feeling tired, and fever than the placebo group, indicating that the incidence rates of common cold symptoms were lower in the LG2055 group. Additionally, changes in the salivary secretory IgA levels were significantly higher, and the serum derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites levels were significantly lower in the LG2055 group. Conclusion Our study revealed that intake of LG2055 decreased common cold symptoms and improved immune parameters in healthy adults. This suggests that LG2055 contributes to the maintenance of physical conditions by improving the host immune system. Clinical trial registration [https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm], identifier [UMIN000045901].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobatake
- Milk Science Research Institute, MEGMILK SNOW BRAND Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan,*Correspondence: Eiji Kobatake,
| | | | - Toshinobu Arai
- Research and Development Planning Department, MEGMILK SNOW BRAND Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mai Kise
- Products Development Department, MEGMILK SNOW BRAND Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kabuki
- Milk Science Research Institute, MEGMILK SNOW BRAND Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235038. [PMID: 36501067 PMCID: PMC9738822 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is critical for many biological processes, including embryonic development, hormone production and function, the maintenance and modulation of immunity, and the homeostasis of epithelium and mucosa. Specifically, VA affects cell integrity, cytokine production, innate immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte trafficking to mucosal surfaces. VA also has been reported to influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity. Consequently, VA deficiency (VAD) results in the imbalanced production of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, intestinal inflammation, weakened mucosal barrier functions, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the gut microbiome. Although VAD is primarily known to cause xerophthalmia, its role in the impairment of anti-infectious defense mechanisms is less defined. Infectious diseases lead to temporary anorexia and lower dietary intake; furthermore, they adversely affect VA status by interfering with VA absorption, utilization and excretion. Thus, there is a tri-directional relationship between VAD, immune response and infections, as VAD affects immune response and predisposes the host to infection, and infection decreases the intestinal absorption of the VA, thereby contributing to secondary VAD development. This has been demonstrated using nutritional and clinical studies, radiotracer studies and knockout animal models. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between VAD, immune response, gut microbiota and infections is critical for optimizing vaccine efficacy and the development of effective immunization programs for countries with high prevalence of VAD. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensively summarized the existing knowledge regarding VAD impacts on immune responses to infections and post vaccination. We have detailed pathological conditions associated with clinical and subclinical VAD, gut microbiome adaptation to VAD and VAD effects on the immune responses to infection and vaccines.
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Intestinal Klebsiella pneumoniae Contributes to Pneumonia by Synthesizing Glutamine in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174188. [PMID: 36077725 PMCID: PMC9454521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia accounts for a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. It has been previously shown that intestinal Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) enriches in MM and promotes MM progression. However, what role the altered gut microbiota plays in MM with pneumonia remains unknown. Here, we show that intestinal K. pneumonia is significantly enriched in MM with pneumonia. This enriched intestinal K. pneumonia links to the incidence of pneumonia in MM, and intestinal colonization of K. pneumonia contributes to pneumonia in a 5TGM1 MM mice model. Further targeted metabolomic assays reveal the elevated level of glutamine, which is consistently increased with the enrichment of K. pneumonia in MM mice and patients, is synthesized by K. pneumonia, and leads to the elevated secretion of TNF-α in the lung normal fibroblast cells for the higher incidence of pneumonia. Inhibiting glutamine synthesis by establishing glnA-mutated K. pneumonia alleviates the incidence of pneumonia in the 5TGM1 MM mice model. Overall, our work proposes that intestinal K. pneumonia indirectly contributes to pneumonia in MM by synthesizing glutamine. Altogether, we unveil a gut–lung axis in MM with pneumonia and establish a novel mechanism and a possible intervention strategy for MM with pneumonia.
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Liu M, Liu T, Wang X, Yu C, Qin T, Li J, Zhang M, Li Z, Cui X, Xu X, Liu Q. Cangma Huadu granules attenuate H1N1 virus-induced severe lung injury correlated with repressed apoptosis and altered gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947112. [PMID: 36090063 PMCID: PMC9459666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza A virus infection leads to overwhelming inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis, which causes lung injury and contributes to high mortality and morbidity. The gut microbiome altered in response to the infection might influence the disease progression and the treatment outcome. Cangma Huadu (CMHD) granules, an in-hospital preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, have been shown to be favorable in the clinical treatment of influenza. However, the effects and mechanisms of CMHD granules on severe influenza pneumonia and its mechanisms are not well-known. In this study, a lethal influenza A (H1N1) A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (PR8)-infected mice model was established, and the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) V3–V4 region sequencing of the intestinal microbiome was conducted. We revealed that the oral administration of CMHD granules protects mice against higher mortality, enhanced weight loss, overwhelmed interferon-γ concentration, lung viral titers, and severe lung pathological injury in PR8-infected mice. CMHD granules’ administration downregulated the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde, while it upregulated the levels of IL-10, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Subsequently, it decreased the protein ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl-2-associated X and the expression of cleaved caspase-3. The diversity and compositions of the gut microbes were altered profoundly after the administration of CMHD granules in PR8-infected mice. A higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Parasutterella, Bacteroides, and Faecalibaculum was observed in the CMHD group, and a higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Turicibacter was observed in the positive drug Ribavirin group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size also revealed a higher proportion of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum characterized in the CMHD group. These results demonstrated that CMHD granules are a promising strategy for managing severe influenza and attenuating severe lung damage via reducing viral titer, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. The mechanisms are involved in repressed Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis and altered composition and diversity of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tengwen Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mina Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxuan Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolong Xu,
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Qingquan Liu,
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20
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Liu F, Qiu B, Xi Y, Luo Y, Luo Q, Wu Y, Chen N, Zhou R, Guo J, Wu Q, Xiong M, Liu H. Efficacy of thymosin α1 in management of radiation pneumonitis in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial (GASTO-1043). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 114:433-443. [PMID: 35870709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of thymosin α1 in management of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS This phase II, single-arm trial enrolled patients with unresectable LANSCLC of 18 to 75 years' old and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1. Eligible patients received definitive CCRT and weekly thymosin α1 from the start of CCRT till 2 months after CCRT. Patients were administered 51 Gy in 17 daily fractions or 40 Gy in 10 daily fractions in the first course followed by a re-evaluation and those patients without disease progression had an adaptive plan of 15 Gy in 5 daily fractions or 24 Gy in 6 daily fractions as a boost. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of weekly docetaxel (25 mg/m2) and nedaplatin (25 mg/m2) during radiation therapy. The primary endpoint was the incidence of Grade (G) ≥2 RP. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of late pulmonary fibrosis, total lymphocyte count (TLC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and the composition of gut microbiota. TLC and CRP data were collected at baseline, 2-3 weeks during CCRT, the end of CCRT, 2 and 6 months after CCRT. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and the end of CCRT. Patients treated with CCRT but without thymosin α1 intervention during the same period were selected as the control group by the propensity score matching method. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were enrolled in the study, and another 69 patients were selected as the control group. The incidence of G≥2 RP was lower in the study group compared with control cases (36.2% vs 53.6%, P=0.040). G1 late pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 2 (3.7%) patients of the control group compared with no event in the study group (P=0.243). Compared with the control group, the incidence of G3-4 lymphopenia (19.1% vs. 62.1%, P<0.001) was lower, and the median TLC nadir (0.51 k/µL vs. 0.30 k/µL, P<0.001) was higher in the study group. The proportion of patients with maximum CRP≥100 mg/L was lower in the study group (13.8% vs. 29.7% P=0.029). The diversity and community composition of the gut microbiota were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Administration of thymosin α1 during and after CCRT was associated with significant reductions in G≥2 RP and G3-4 lymphopenia in patients with LANSCLC compared to historic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; School of biology and biological engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou. China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Qiaoting Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjia Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naibin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mai Xiong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Stricker S, Hain T, Chao CM, Rudloff S. Respiratory and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Lung Diseases-Current Evidence of the Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126791. [PMID: 35743234 PMCID: PMC9224356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is known to influence local immune homeostasis in the gut and to shape the developing immune system towards elimination of pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens. Even though the lung was considered sterile for a long time, recent evidence using next-generation sequencing techniques confirmed that the lower airways possess their own local microbiota. Since then, there has been growing evidence that the local respiratory and intestinal microbiota play a role in acute and chronic pediatric lung diseases. The concept of the so-called gut–lung axis describing the mutual influence of local microbiota on distal immune mechanisms was established. The mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota modulates the systemic immune response include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and signaling through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and segmented filamentous bacteria. Those factors influence the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells and further modulate differentiation and recruitment of T cells to the lung. This article does not only aim at reviewing recent mechanistic evidence from animal studies regarding the gut–lung axis, but also summarizes current knowledge from observational studies and human trials investigating the role of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota and their modulation by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in pediatric lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-56617
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Department of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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22
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Wang Y, Moon A, Huang J, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Antiviral Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Probiotics as Promising Antivirals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928050. [PMID: 35734576 PMCID: PMC9207339 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics exert a variety of beneficial effects, including maintaining homeostasis and the balance of intestinal microorganisms, activating the immune system, and regulating immune responses. Due to the beneficial effects of probiotics, a wide range of probiotics have been developed as probiotic agents for animal and human health. Viral diseases cause serious economic losses to the livestock every year and remain a great challenge for animals. Moreover, strategies for the prevention and control of viral diseases are limited. Viruses enter the host through the skin and mucosal surface, in which are colonized by hundreds of millions of microorganisms. The antiviral effects of probiotics have been proved, including modulation of chemical, microbial, physical, and immune barriers through various probiotics, probiotic metabolites, and host signaling pathways. It is of great significance yet far from enough to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. The major interest of this review is to discuss the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics and to provide targets for the development of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ji Qiu, ; Yuan Sun,
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23
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Li Y, Shi CW, Zhang YT, Huang HB, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, Wang N, Zeng Y, Yang GL, Yang WT, Wang CF. Riboflavin Attenuates Influenza Virus Through Cytokine-Mediated Effects on the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in MAIT Cell Deficiency Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916580. [PMID: 35722312 PMCID: PMC9204145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a serious respiratory disease that continues to threaten global health. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells use T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize microbial riboflavin derived intermediates presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein MR1. Riboflavin synthesis is broadly conserved, but the roles or mechanisms of riboflavin in MR1–/– mouse influenza infection are not well understood. In our study, immunofluorescence techniques were applied to analyze the number and distribution of viruses in lung tissue. The amount of cytokine expression was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), ELISA, and qPCR. The changes in the fecal flora of mice were evaluated based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S V3-V4 region. Our study showed that MAIT cell deficiency increased mortality and that riboflavin altered these effects in microbiota-depleted mice. The oral administration of riboflavin inhibited IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-18 production but significantly increased the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 in a mouse model. The analysis of the mouse flora revealed that riboflavin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and decreased that of Bacteroides. In contrast, MR1–/– mice exhibited a concentrated aggregation of Bacteroides (p < 0.01), which indicated that MAIT cell deficiency reduced the diversity of the bacterial population. Our results define the functions of MAIT cells and riboflavin in resistance to influenza virus and suggest a potential role for riboflavin in enhancing MAIT cell immunity and the intestinal flora diversity. Gut populations can be expanded to enhance host resistance to influenza, and the results indicate novel interactions among viruses, MAIT cells, and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Lian Yang,
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Wen-Tao Yang,
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Chun-Feng Wang,
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24
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Cui H, Zhang C, Zhang C, Cai Z, Chen L, Chen Z, Zhao K, Qiao S, Wang Y, Meng L, Dong S, Liu J, Guo Z. Anti-Influenza Effect and Mechanisms of Lentinan in an ICR Mouse Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892864. [PMID: 35669119 PMCID: PMC9163413 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a serious threat to global human health and public health security. There is an urgent need to develop new anti-influenza drugs. Lentinan (LNT) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. As potential protective agent, LNT has been shown to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. However, there has been no further research into the anti-influenza action of lentinan in vivo, and the mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, the anti-influenza effect and mechanism of Lentinan were studied in the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse model. The results showed that Lentinan had a high degree of protection in mice against infection with influenza A virus, delayed the emergence of clinical manifestations, improved the survival rate of mice, significantly prolonged the middle survival days, attenuated the weight loss, and reduced the lung coefficient of mice. It alleviated the pathological damage of mice infected with the influenza virus and improved blood indices. Lentinan treatment considerably inhibited inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) levels in the serum and lung and improved IFN-γ cytokine levels, which reduced cytokine storms caused by influenza virus infection. The underlying mechanisms of action involved Lentinan inhibiting the inflammatory response by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. This study provides a foundation for the clinical application of Lentinan, and provides new insight into the development of novel immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuming Cai
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhaoliang Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lijia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Shishan Dong, ; Juxiang Liu, ; Zhendong Guo,
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Shishan Dong, ; Juxiang Liu, ; Zhendong Guo,
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shishan Dong, ; Juxiang Liu, ; Zhendong Guo,
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25
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Debnath N, Kumar A, Yadav AK. Probiotics as a biotherapeutics for the management and prevention of respiratory tract diseases. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:277-291. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology Central University of Jammu Samba 181143 Jammu and Kashmir (UT) India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh Jant‐Pali 123031 Haryana India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology Central University of Jammu Samba 181143 Jammu and Kashmir (UT) India
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26
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Esgin Ö, Erten T. Nutrition and a Balanced Diet in the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Age is an important risk factor in the mortality ratio of the COVID-19 disease and mostly, the hospitalised patients over 60 years with chronic diseases are at high risk of death. With preventive measures, proper nutrient intake might be helpful to maintain a healthy state or reduce the severity of the COVID-19 disease in the elderly.
Methods:
Database searches of PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science were performed by the following terms of pandemic; COVID-19; coronavirus; elderly; elderly nutrition.
Results:
The requirement of some macro and micro nutrients increases especially the nutrients that support the immune activity. During the pandemic, the daily energy requirement for the elderly is stated as 27-30 kcal/kg while the protein intake is recommended as at least 1g/kg, and the ratio of fat and carbohydrate is 30:70 or 50:50. The daily intake of Vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, zinc and selenium can also be increased due to their supporting function in the immune system. Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium longum MM-2, Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2, Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 and the consumption of prebiotics in diet enhance the immune function. Additionally, flavonoids such as baicalin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, kaempferol, luteolin, resveratrol and quercetin improve immunity by reducing oxidative stress in the elderly.
Conclusion:
Adequate and balanced nutrition should be provided during the pandemic; in addition to this, micronutrient deficiencies should also be prevented in this period in the elderly at every stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Esgin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayyibe Erten
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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27
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Song L, Huang Y, Liu G, Li X, Xiao Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu J, Lu S, Ren Z. A Novel Immunobiotics Bacteroides dorei Ameliorates Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:828887. [PMID: 35154087 PMCID: PMC8826429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.828887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Probiotics can modulate immune responses to resist influenza infection. This study aims to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of B. dorei. Methods C57BL/6J mice were infected with influenza virus together with treatment of PBS vehicle, B. dorei, or oseltamivir respectively. Anti-influenza potency of B. dorei and the underlying mechanism were determined by measuring survival rate, lung viral load and pathology, gene expression and production of cytokines and chemokines, and analysis of gut microbiota. Results Administration of B. dorei increased (by 30%) the survival of influenza-infected mice, and improved their weight loss, lung pathology, lung index, and colon length compared to the vehicle control group. B. dorei treatment reduced (by 61%) the viral load of lung tissue and increased expression of type 1 interferon more rapidly at day 3 postinfection. At day 7 postinfection, B. dorei-treated mice showed lower local (lung) and systemic (serum) levels of interferon and several proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10) with a efficacy comparable to oseltamivi treatment. B. dorei treatment also altered gut microbiota as indicated by increased levels of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus and decreased levels of Escherichia, Shigella, and Parabacteroides. Conclusion B. dorei has anti-influenza effect. Its working mechanisms involve promoting earlier interferon expression and down-regulating both local and systemic inflammatory response. B. dorei changes the composition of gut microbiota, which may also contribute to its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Respiratory Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Linwei Liu Zunji Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weinan, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Respiratory Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Respiratory Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jintong Li
- Respiratory Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Ghaffari S, Abbasi A, Somi MH, Moaddab SY, Nikniaz L, Kafil HS, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. Akkermansia muciniphila: from its critical role in human health to strategies for promoting its abundance in human gut microbiome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7357-7377. [PMID: 35238258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, a frequent colonizer in the gut mucous layer of individuals, has constantly been recognized as a promising candidate for the next generation of probiotics due to its biological advantages from in vitro and in vivo investigations. This manuscript comprehensively reviewed the features of A. muciniphila in terms of its function in host physiology and frequently utilized nutrition using the published peer-reviewed articles, which should present valuable and critical information to scientists, engineers, and even the general population. A. muciniphila is an important bacterium that shows host physiology. However, its physiological advantages in several clinical settings also have excellent potential to become a probiotic. Consequently, it can be stated that there is a coherent and direct relation between the biological activities of the gut microbiota, intestinal dysbiosis/eubiosis, and the population of A. muciniphila in the gut milieu, which is influenced by various genetical and nutritional factors. Current regulatory barriers, the need for large-scale clinical trials, and the feasibility of production must be removed before A muciniphila can be extensively used as a next-generation probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ghaffari
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. J. Joost van Neerven,
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30
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Gastrointestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Colorectal Cancer: The Implication of Probiotics. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)’s pathophysiology is such that microbial dysbiosis in the lung and gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota may be involved in its pathogenic process. GI microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with respiratory disorders, including COVID-19, as well as sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) through imbalanced microbiota and compromised immune response. It is pertinent to understand the possible role of probiotics in stabilizing the microbial environment and maintaining the integrity of the respiratory and GI tracts in SARS-CoV-2 induced dysbiosis and colorectal carcinogenesis. The long-term implication of SARS-CoV-2 in GI dysbiosis via microbiota-gut-lung cross-talk could increase the risk of new CRC diagnosis or worsen the condition of previously diagnosed individuals. Recent knowledge shows that the immune-modulatory response to probiotics is shifting the beneficial use of probiotics towards the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we highlight the potential impact of probiotics on SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with CRC through microbiota imbalance in COVID-19 patients.
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Kageyama Y, Nishizaki Y, Aida K, Yayama K, Ebisui T, Akiyama T, Nakamura T. Lactobacillus plantarum induces innate cytokine responses that potentially provide a protective benefit against COVID-19: A single-arm, double-blind, prospective trial combined with an in vitro cytokine response assay. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 34815772 PMCID: PMC8593926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota can indirectly modulate airway physiology and immunity through the gut-lung axis. Recent microbiome studies indicate that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit a specific intestinal dysbiosis that is closely associated with the disease pathophysiology. Therefore, rebalancing the intestinal microbiome using probiotics may be effective for controlling COVID-19. However, the rationale for using probiotics in COVID-19 remains unclear. In the present study, an in vitro cytokine response assay was conducted, followed by a single-arm, double-blind, prospective trial to evaluate the immunological efficacy of probiotic lactic acid bacteria against COVID-19. The present study focused on Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Bifidobacterium longum and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, which exhibit robust protective effects against infection with respiratory RNA viruses. Considering the feasibility of long-term daily intake for prophylactic purposes, healthy uninfected individuals were enrolled as subjects. Our previous pilot trial demonstrated that oral Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD), a Chinese herbal medicine formulated specifically against COVID-19, upregulates plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-8. Therefore, the present study utilized the cytokine changes induced by QFPD to define the innate cytokine index QICI [=(TNF-α) x (IL-1β) x (IL-18) x (IL-8)/(IL-6)] as an indicator of the anti-COVID-19 immunomodulatory potential of the lactic acid bacteria. A total of 20 eligible volunteers were enrolled, 18 of whom completed the intervention. L. plantarum demonstrated a strikingly high innate cytokine index in all subjects in the in vitro cytokine response assay. In the subsequent trial, oral intake of L. plantarum significantly increased the innate cytokine index (mean fold change, 17-fold; P=0.0138) and decreased the plasma level of IL-6 (P=0.0128), a key driver of complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19, as compared with the baseline. The cytokine index increased in 16 of 18 subjects (88.9%) with considerable individual differences in the fold change (1- to 128-fold). In line with these innate cytokine changes, L. plantarum ingestion significantly enhanced the activity of natural killer cells. By contrast, oral B. longum failed to induce a significant increase in the innate cytokine index (mean fold change, 2-fold; P=0.474) as compared with the baseline. In conclusion, L. plantarum demonstrated superior QFPD-like immunomodulatory ability and mimicked the blood cytokine environment produced by early immune responses to viral infection. Daily consumption of L. plantarum as an anti-COVID-19 probiotic may be a possible option for preventing COVID-19 during the pandemic. The present study was prospectively registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry under the trial number UMIN000040479 on 22 May 2020 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046202).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Kageyama
- Takanawa Clinic, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
- Tokai University Hospital, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Tokai University Hospital, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakamura
- Takanawa Clinic, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Williams LM, Stoodley IL, Berthon BS, Wood LG. The Effects of Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Respiratory Tract Infections and Immune Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:167-192. [PMID: 34543378 PMCID: PMC8803493 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics, synbiotics, and SCFAs have been shown to decrease systemic inflammation and play a protective role in chronic respiratory conditions. However, their effects on infection and immune function are unclear. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence for prebiotic, synbiotic, and SCFA supplementation on respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and immune function. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (National Institute for Health Research, University of York, UK), accessed online at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero (CRD42019118786). Relevant English-language articles up to May 2021 were identified via online databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Included studies (n = 58) examined the effect of prebiotics, synbiotics, or SCFA, delivered orally, on the incidence, severity, or duration of RTIs and/or markers of immune function (e.g., peripheral blood immunophenotyping, NK cell activity). The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials reporting on RTIs in infants and children. The meta-analysis indicated that the numbers of subjects with ≥1 RTI were reduced with prebiotic (OR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62-0.86; P = 0.0002; n = 17) and synbiotic (OR, 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65-0.87; P = 0.0001; n = 9) supplementation compared to placebo. Further, NK cell activity was increased with synbiotic (standardized mean difference, 0.74; 95% CI: 0.42-1.06; P < 0.0001, n = 3) supplementation. This review provides evidence that prebiotic, specifically oligosaccharide, supplementation may play a protective role in RTIs in infants and children. There is less evidence for this effect in adults. Supplementation with prebiotic and synbiotic treatment may alter immune function by increasing NK cell activity, though effects on immunophenotype were less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isobel L Stoodley
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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Baradaran Ghavami S, Pourhamzeh M, Farmani M, Keshavarz H, Shahrokh S, Shpichka A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Hakemi-Vala M, Hossein-khannazer N, Timashev P, Vosough M. Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1281-1294. [PMID: 34654347 PMCID: PMC8567289 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1991311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in providing protective responses against pathogens, particularly by regulating immune system homeostasis. There is a reciprocal interaction between the gut and lung microbiota, called the gut-lung axis (GLA). Any alteration in the gut microbiota or their metabolites can cause immune dysregulation, which can impair the antiviral activity of the immune system against respiratory viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. AREAS COVERED This narrative review mainly outlines emerging data on the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the immune system and intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which is caused by an imbalance in the levels of essential metabolites. The authors will also discuss the role of probiotics in restoring the balance of the gut microbiota and modulation of cytokine storm. EXPERT OPINION Microbiota-derived signals regulate the immune system and protect different tissues during severe viral respiratory infections. The GLA's equilibration could help manage the mortality and morbidity rates associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farmani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Hediye Keshavarz
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-khannazer
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Probiotics and Trained Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101402. [PMID: 34680035 PMCID: PMC8533468 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of innate immunity have recently been investigated in depth in several research articles, and original findings suggest that innate immunity also has a memory capacity, which has been named “trained immunity”. This notion has revolutionized our knowledge of the innate immune response. Thus, stimulation of trained immunity represents a therapeutic alternative that is worth exploring. In this context, probiotics, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host, represent attractive candidates for the stimulation of trained immunity; however, although numerous studies have documented the beneficial proprieties of these microorganisms, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. In this review, we propose to explore the putative connection between probiotics and stimulation of trained immunity.
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Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Dong L. Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:221. [PMID: 34217349 PMCID: PMC8254267 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunity consists of various types of cells, which serve an important role in antitumor therapy. The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, which form the gut microbiota. In addition to pathogen defense and maintaining the intestinal ecosystem, gut microbiota also plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Recently, the association between these symbionts and cancer, ranging from oncogenesis and cancer progression to resistance or sensitivity to antitumor therapies, has attracted much attention. Metagenome analysis revealed a significant difference between the gut microbial composition of cancer patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, modulation of microbiome could improve therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These findings suggest that microbiome is involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression through regulation of tumor immunosurveillance, although the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. This review focuses on the interaction between the microbiome and tumor immunity, with in-depth discussion regarding the therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota in ICIs. Further investigations are warranted before gut microbiota can be introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Song X, Wang W, Ding S, Liu X, Wang Y, Ma H. Puerarin ameliorates depression-like behaviors of with chronic unpredictable mild stress mice by remodeling their gut microbiota. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:353-363. [PMID: 34049088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin is an isoflavone derivative isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Pueraria Lobelia, which has proven to relieve depression-like behavior. However, its underlying antidepressant mechanisms have been poorly characterized. Herein, we explored whether Puerarin's antidepressant effect is associated with changes in the gut microbiota (GM). METHODS The model of depression in mice featuring chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was eastablished, and its antidepressant effect was estimated by sugar water preference and forced swimming test. Genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples was employed to sequence the 16S rRNA gene for gut microbiota identification. RESULTS Puerarin (100 mg/kg) treatment was found to alleviate the CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Furthermore, chronic stress led to pathological microbial flora, which was principally marked by the increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Proteobacteria, Flexispira, Desulfovibrio) and the decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacillales, Lactobacillus). Intriguingly, puerarin treatment reversed these changes. LIMITATIONS The specific role and anti-depression mechanism of characteristic gut microflora were not confirmed. CONCLUSION Puerarin can remedy stress-induced disruptions of normal gut microflora. It is suggested that the antidepressant mechanism of puerarin may closely interact with restoring beneficial microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Hao Ma
- School of Aesthetic Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
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Microbiome analysis combined with targeted metabolomics reveal immunological anti-tumor activity of icariside I in a melanoma mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111542. [PMID: 34088571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report that the gut microbiome can enhance systemic and antitumor immunity by modulating responses to antibody immunotherapy in melanoma patients. In this study, we found that icariside I, a novel anti-cancer agent isolated from Epimedium, significantly inhibited B16F10 melanoma growth in vivo through regulation of gut microbiota and host immunity. Oral administration of icariside I improved the microbiota community structure with marked restoration of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. abundance in the cecal contents of tumor-bearing mice. We also found that icariside I improves the levels of microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole derivatives, consequently promoting repair of the intestinal barrier and reducing systemic inflammation of tumor-bearing mice. Icariside I exhibited strong immunological anti-tumor activity, directly manifested by up-regulation of multiple lymphocyte subsets including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, these results suggest that icariside I, via its microbiome remodeling and host immune regulation properties, may be developed as an anticancer drug.
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Liu X, Fang Z, Deng Y, Lu W, Zhang P, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Oral administration of probiotics protected mice from influenza virus infection. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Microbial dysbiosis is associated with aggressive histology and adverse clinical outcome in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1194-1198. [PMID: 33635332 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell survival depends on poorly understood immune evasion mechanisms. In melanoma, the composition of the gut microbiota (GMB) is associated with immune system regulation and response to immunotherapy. We investigated the association of GMB composition and diversity with lymphoma biology and treatment outcome. Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone (MZL), and follicular lymphoma (FL) were recruited at Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health. The pretreatment GMB was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We examined GMB compositions in 3 contexts: lymphoma patients (51) compared with healthy controls (58), aggressive (DLBCL) (8) compared with indolent (FL, MZL) (18), and the association of GMB with immunochemotherapy treatment outcomes (8 responders, 6 nonresponders). Respectively, we found that the pretreatment GMB in lymphoma patients had a distinct composition compared with healthy controls (P < .001); GMB compositions in DLBCL patients were significantly different than indolent patients (P = .01) with a trend toward reduced microbial diversity in DLBCL patients (P = .08); and pretreatment GMB diversity and composition were significant predictors of treatment responses (P = .01). The impact of these pilot results is limited by our small sample size, and should be considered a proof of principle. If validated, our results could lead toward improved treatment outcomes by improving medication stewardship and informing which GMB-targeted therapies should be tested to improve patient outcomes.
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Raheem A, Liang L, Zhang G, Cui S. Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616713. [PMID: 33897683 PMCID: PMC8060567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Li Q, Cheng F, Xu Q, Su Y, Cai X, Zeng F, Zhang Y. The role of probiotics in coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan: A retrospective study of 311 severe patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107531. [PMID: 33714884 PMCID: PMC7934664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Researches revealed that probiotics maybe a potential strategy for COVID-19, whereas there is a lack of related evidence. This study aims to analyze the role of probiotics on severe COVID-19 patients. Methods In the current retrospective single-center study, we collected data of 311 consecutive severe patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan Union Hospital from Feb 3rd to Feb 20th, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical and medication characteristics were compared and analyzed between patients with or without probiotics. Results In total, 93 of the 123 patients (75.61%) who were treated with probiotics survived to hospital discharge with the median inpatient day of 32 days and mean virus clearance time of 23 days, which were significantly longer than those of patients without probiotics. There were no bias in laboratory parameters, except for IL-6 and ESR, which were significantly higher in patients treated probiotics. We tracked the dynamic changes of 8 selected laboratory parameters (IL-6, CRP, total T lymphocytes, NK cells, B lymphocyte, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio) and found that probiotics could not reduce the increased IL-6 levels but possessed the ability to moderate the immunity and decreased the incidence of secondary infection in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Probiotics could be an effective strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 patients to reduce the secondary infection and moderated the immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiling Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuyong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuefeng Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Bhushan I, Sharma M, Mehta M, Badyal S, Sharma V, Sharma I, Singh H, Sistla S. Bioactive compounds and probiotics-a ray of hope in COVID-19 management. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021; 10:131-140. [PMID: 38620836 PMCID: PMC7982983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria against the viral diseases in human is known for a long time. Anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of bioactive compounds and bacteria with probiotic properties in respiratory viral diseases may have significance to enhance immunity. This review highlights some of the important bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria, suggesting them as a ray of hope in the milieu of the COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bhushan
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mahima Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Malvika Mehta
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shivi Badyal
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Hemender Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Srinivas Sistla
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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Hu X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Gong W, Sun X, Yang L, Zhang Q, Jin M. Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Host Defense Against Influenza Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:586476. [PMID: 33603716 PMCID: PMC7884316 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection can alter the composition of the gut microbiota, while its pathogenicity can, in turn, be highly influenced by the gut microbiota. However, the details underlying these associations remain to be determined. The H7N9 influenza virus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen which has caused the death of 616 humans and has incurred huge losses in the poultry industry. Here, we investigated the effects of infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 on gut microbiota and determined potential anti-influenza microbes. 16S rRNA sequencing results show that H7N9 infection alters the mouse gut microbiota by promoting the growth of Akkermansia, Ruminococcus 1, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, and reducing the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Lachnoclostridium. Although the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila is positively related to H7N9 infection, the oral administration of cultures, especially of pasteurized A. muciniphila, can significantly reduce weight loss and mortality caused by H7N9 infection in mice. Furthermore, oral administration of live or pasteurized A. muciniphila significantly reduces pulmonary viral titers and the levels IL-1β and IL-6 but enhances the levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in H7N9-infected mice, suggesting that the anti-influenza role of A. muciniphila is due to its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Taken together, we showed that the changes in the gut microbiota are associated with H7N9 infection and demonstrated the anti-influenza role of A. muciniphila, which enriches current knowledge about how specific gut bacterial strains protect against influenza infection and suggests a potential anti-influenza probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Hu
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxiao Gong
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Effect of rifaximin on gut-lung axis in mice infected with influenza A virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75:101611. [PMID: 33503578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut-lung axis injury is a common finding in patients with respiratory diseases as well as in animal model of influenza virus infection. Influenza virus damages the intestinal microecology while affecting the lungs. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable derivative of rifamycin, is an effective antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether rifaximin-perturbation of the intestinal microbiome leads to protective effects against influenza infection, via the gut-lung axis. Our results showed that influenza virus infection caused inflammation of and damage to the lungs. The expression of tight junction proteins in the lung and colon of H1N1 infected mice decreased significantly, attesting that the barrier structure of the lung and colon was damaged. Due to this perturbation in the gut-lung axis, the intestinal microbiota became imbalanced as Escherichia coli bacteria replicated opportunistically, causing intestinal injury. When influenza infection was treated with rifamixin, qPCR results from the gut showed significant increases in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations, while Escherichia coli populations markedly decreased. Furthermore, pathology sections and western blotting results illustrated that rifaximin treatment strengthened the physical barriers of the lung-gut axis through increased expression of tight junction protein in the colon and lungs. These results indicated that rifaximin ameliorated lung and intestine injury induced by influenza virus infection. The mechanisms identified were the regulation of gut flora balance and intestinal and lung permeability, which might be related to the regulation of the gut-lung axis. Rifaximin might be useful as a co-treatment drug for the prevention of influenza virus infection.
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Bavananthasivam J, Astill J, Matsuyama-Kato A, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Shojadoost B, Sharif S. Gut microbiota is associated with protection against Marek's disease virus infection in chickens. Virology 2021; 553:122-130. [PMID: 33271490 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) infects chickens via respiratory route and causes lymphomas in internal organs including gastrointestinal tract. MDV infection causes a shift in the gut microbiota composition. However, interactions between the gut microbiota and immune responses against MDV infection are not well understood. Therefore, the current study was performed to understand the effect of the gut microbiota on Marek's disease (MD) pathogenesis. The findings showed that depletion of gut microbiota increased the severity of MD in infected chickens. In addition, an increase in the transcription of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ in the bursa of Fabricius at 4 days post-infection (dpi) was observed in the gut microbiota depleted chickens. The observations in this study shed more light on the association between the gut microbiota and MDV infection in chickens. More research is needed to explore the mechanisms of involvement of the gut microbiota in immunity against MD in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine & McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Lamas A, del Carmen Mondragón A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Regal P, Rodriguez-Avila JA, Miranda JM, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Probiotic Effects against Virus Infections: New Weapons for an Old War. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010130. [PMID: 33435315 PMCID: PMC7827890 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to gather the available literature investigating the effects of probiotics against the most common viral infections using in vitro trials in cell lines and in vivo clinical trials in both experimental animals and humans. Probiotics were employed to prevent and reduce symptoms of infections caused by common viruses, especially respiratory tract viruses, but also for viral digestive infections (such as rotavirus, coronavirus, or norovirus) and other viral infections (such as viruses that cause hepatitis, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus). Different probiotics have been studied to see their possible effect against the abovementioned viruses, among which different Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus can be highlighted. In many cases, mixtures of various probiotic strains were used. Although the results obtained did not show similar results, in most cases, probiotic supplementation improved both barrier and biochemical immune responses, decreased susceptibility to viral infections, and enhanced the effects of concomitant vaccines. Works collected in this review show a beneficial effect of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of different viral infections. We found interesting results related to the prevention of viral infections, reduction of the duration of diseases, and decrease of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alicia del Carmen Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - José Antonio Rodriguez-Avila
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Pachuca 42076, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - José Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
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Munshi S, Chakraborty M. The prospects of employing probiotics in combating COVID-19. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:148-159. [PMID: 35465282 PMCID: PMC9020247 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_104_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unanticipated pathogenic risk and emerging transmittable diseases can result from interspecies exchanges of viruses among animals and humans. The emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has recently exemplified this mechanism. Cough, fever, fatigue, headache, sputum production, hemoptysis, dyspnea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal disorders are the characteristic features of the disease. The most prevalent and serious manifestation of the infection tends to be pneumonia. The new strains of SARS-CoV-2 with more infectivity have been emerging at regular intervals. There is currently no World Health Organization-approved particular drug for COVID-19. Besides, developing novel antivirals would take much time. Thus, repurposing the application of natural products can provide alternatives and can facilitate medication against COVID-19 as well as can slow down the aggressive progression of the disease before the arrival of approved drugs. Probiotics have long been known for their positive effects on the gut microbiome and impact on immune responses. Particularly, their involvement against viral diseases, especially those of the upper and lower respiratory tract, is of current interest for their prospective application against COVID-19. In this review, we comprehensively address the mode of action of probiotics and their possible intervention against coronavirus diseases correlating with their efficacy against viral diseases. In this regard, we explored recently published relevant research and review articles in MEDLINE/PubMed related to COVID-19 and the effects of probiotics on viral infections.
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Modulation of gut microbiota protects against viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4151-4174. [PMID: 33852069 PMCID: PMC8044287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies suggest that probiotics have protective effects in the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Whether such benefits apply to RTIs of viral origin and mechanisms supporting the effect remain unclear. AIM To determine the role of gut microbiota modulation on clinical and laboratory outcomes of viral RTIs. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of articles published in Embase and MEDLINE through 20 April 2020 to identify studies reporting the effect of gut microbiota modulation on viral RTIs in clinical studies and animal models. The incidence of viral RTIs, clinical manifestations, viral load and immunological outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS We included 58 studies (9 randomized controlled trials; 49 animal studies). Six of eight clinical trials consisting of 726 patients showed that probiotics administration was associated with a reduced risk of viral RTIs. Most commonly used probiotics were Lactobacillus followed by Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus. In animal models, treatment with probiotics before viral challenge had beneficial effects against influenza virus infection by improving infection-induced survival (20/22 studies), mitigating symptoms (21/21 studies) and decreasing viral load (23/25 studies). Probiotics and commensal gut microbiota exerted their beneficial effects through strengthening host immunity. CONCLUSION Modulation of gut microbiota represents a promising approach against viral RTIs via host innate and adaptive immunity regulation. Further research should focus on next generation probiotics specific to viral types in prevention and treatment of emerging viral RTIs.
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The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on respiratory viral infections: A hint for COVID-19 treatment? Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104452. [PMID: 32818576 PMCID: PMC7431320 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections are among the most prevalent diseases in humans and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Moreover, since they can evolve fast and cross the species barrier, some of these viruses, such as influenza A and coronaviruses, have sometimes caused epidemics or pandemics and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. The recently identified Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a Public Health Emergency of International concern and has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia. To ensure protection against emerging respiratory tract infections, the development of new strategies based on modulating the immune responses is essential. The use of probiotic components has substantially increased due to their effects on immune responses, in particular on those that occur in the upper/lower respiratory tract. Superinduction of inflammatory reaction, known as a cytokine storm, has been correlated directly with viral pneumonia and serious complications of respiratory infections. In this review, probiotics, as potential immunomodulatory agents, have been proposed to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. In addition, the effects of probiotics on different aspects of immune responses and their antiviral properties in both pre-clinical and clinical contexts have been described in detail.
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Probiotics in Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and Neuroinflammatory Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214891. [PMID: 33105830 PMCID: PMC7660077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response to the activation of the immune system by various infectious or non-infectious agents, which may lead to tissue damage and various diseases. Gut commensal bacteria maintain a symbiotic relationship with the host and display a critical function in the homeostasis of the host immune system. Disturbance to the gut microbiota leads to immune dysfunction both locally and at distant sites, which causes inflammatory conditions not only in the intestine but also in the other organs such as lungs and brain, and may induce a disease state. Probiotics are well known to reinforce immunity and counteract inflammation by restoring symbiosis within the gut microbiota. As a result, probiotics protect against various diseases, including respiratory infections and neuroinflammatory disorders. A growing body of research supports the beneficial role of probiotics in lung and mental health through modulating the gut-lung and gut-brain axes. In the current paper, we discuss the potential role of probiotics in the treatment of viral respiratory infections, including the COVID-19 disease, as major public health crisis in 2020, and influenza virus infection, as well as treatment of neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis and other mental illnesses.
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