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Gross N, Maestre FT, Liancourt P, Berdugo M, Martin R, Gozalo B, Ochoa V, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maire V, Saiz H, Soliveres S, Valencia E, Eldridge DJ, Guirado E, Jabot F, Asensio S, Gaitán JJ, García-Gómez M, Martínez P, Martínez-Valderrama J, Mendoza BJ, Moreno-Jiménez E, Pescador DS, Plaza C, Pijuan IS, Abedi M, Ahumada RJ, Amghar F, Arroyo AI, Bahalkeh K, Bailey L, Ben Salem F, Blaum N, Boldgiv B, Bowker MA, Branquinho C, van den Brink L, Bu C, Canessa R, Castillo-Monroy ADP, Castro H, Castro P, Chibani R, Conceição AA, Darrouzet-Nardi A, Davila YC, Deák B, Donoso DA, Durán J, Espinosa C, Fajardo A, Farzam M, Ferrante D, Franzese J, Fraser L, Gonzalez S, Gusman-Montalvan E, Hernández-Hernández RM, Hölzel N, Huber-Sannwald E, Jadan O, Jeltsch F, Jentsch A, Ju M, Kaseke KF, Kindermann L, le Roux P, Linstädter A, Louw MA, Mabaso M, Maggs-Kölling G, Makhalanyane TP, Issa OM, Manzaneda AJ, Marais E, Margerie P, Hughes FM, Messeder JVS, Mora JP, Moreno G, Munson SM, Nunes A, Oliva G, Oñatibia GR, Peter G, Pueyo Y, Quiroga RE, Ramírez-Iglesias E, Reed SC, Rey PJ, Reyes Gómez VM, Rodríguez A, Rolo V, Rubalcaba JG, Ruppert JC, Sala O, Salah A, Sebei PJ, Stavi I, Stephens C, Teixido AL, Thomas AD, Throop HL, Tielbörger K, Travers S, Undrakhbold S, Val J, Valkó O, Velbert F, Wamiti W, Wang L, Wang D, Wardle GM, Wolff P, Yahdjian L, Yari R, Zaady E, Zeberio JM, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y. Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world. Nature 2024; 632:808-814. [PMID: 39112697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Earth harbours an extraordinary plant phenotypic diversity1 that is at risk from ongoing global changes2,3. However, it remains unknown how increasing aridity and livestock grazing pressure-two major drivers of global change4-6-shape the trait covariation that underlies plant phenotypic diversity1,7. Here we assessed how covariation among 20 chemical and morphological traits responds to aridity and grazing pressure within global drylands. Our analysis involved 133,769 trait measurements spanning 1,347 observations of 301 perennial plant species surveyed across 326 plots from 6 continents. Crossing an aridity threshold of approximately 0.7 (close to the transition between semi-arid and arid zones) led to an unexpected 88% increase in trait diversity. This threshold appeared in the presence of grazers, and moved toward lower aridity levels with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, 57% of observed trait diversity occurred only in the most arid and grazed drylands, highlighting the phenotypic uniqueness of these extreme environments. Our work indicates that drylands act as a global reservoir of plant phenotypic diversity and challenge the pervasive view that harsh environmental conditions reduce plant trait diversity8-10. They also highlight that many alternative strategies may enable plants to cope with increases in environmental stress induced by climate change and land-use intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Franck Jabot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan J Gaitán
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Suelos-CNIA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel García-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez-Valderrama
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Betty J Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S Pescador
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Santaolaria Pijuan
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Rodrigo J Ahumada
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Fateh Amghar
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Biodiversité, Biotechnologie, Environnement et Développement Durable (BioDev), Faculté des Sciences, Université M'hamed Bougara de Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algérie
| | | | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Lydia Bailey
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Farah Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Promotion of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Micro-Organisms, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA) Médenine, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- ECOBIOSIS, Departmento of Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Chongfeng Bu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Helena Castro
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricio Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del Paisaje, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Roukaya Chibani
- Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA) Médenine, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia
| | - Abel Augusto Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brasil
| | | | - Yvonne C Davila
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Balázs Deák
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Durán
- Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Limits of Life (LiLi), Instituto Milenio, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Franzese
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquen, Argentina
| | - Lauchlan Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofía Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquen, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Gusman-Montalvan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Mary Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT); Centro de Estudios de Agroecología Tropical (CEDAT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Oswaldo Jadan
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del Paisaje, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mengchen Ju
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Kudzai F Kaseke
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Liana Kindermann
- Biodiversity Research, Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Biodiversity Research, Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle A Louw
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mancha Mabaso
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, DSI/NRF SARChI in Marine Microbiomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Oumarou Malam Issa
- Institut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Est Creteil, Université de Paris, Centre IRD de France Nord, Bondy, France
| | - Antonio J Manzaneda
- Departamento Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eugene Marais
- Gobabeb, Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - Pierre Margerie
- Normandie Universite, UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV, Rouen, France
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia and Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Brazil
| | - João Vitor S Messeder
- Biology Department and Ecology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Juan P Mora
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Seth M Munson
- Southwest Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alice Nunes
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Oliva
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Gaston R Oñatibia
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEANPa, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Emiliano Quiroga
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Catamarca, Argentina
- Cátedra de Manejo de Pastizales Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | | | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Pedro J Rey
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra de Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Victor Rolo
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Juan G Rubalcaba
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan C Ruppert
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Sala
- Global Drylands Center,School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Phokgedi Julius Sebei
- Mara Research Station, Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Ilan Stavi
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata, Israel
| | - Colton Stephens
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew D Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Heather L Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Samantha Travers
- Department of Planning and Environment, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sainbileg Undrakhbold
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - James Val
- Department of Planning and Environment, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Frederike Velbert
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wanyoike Wamiti
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Wolff
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Reza Yari
- Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Eli Zaady
- Gilat Research Center, Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Juan Manuel Zeberio
- CEANPa, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Yuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Wang X, Li M, Liu L, Xiang C, Li H, Sun Y, Wang T, Guo X. Impact of trace elements on invasive plants: Attenuated competitiveness yet sustained dominance over native counterparts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172292. [PMID: 38588741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Trace element pollution has emerged as an increasingly severe environmental challenge owing to human activities, particularly in urban ecosystems. In farmlands, invasive species commonly outcompete native species when subjected to trace element treatments, as demonstrated in experiments with individual invader-native pairs. However, it is uncertain if these findings apply to a wider range of species in urban soils with trace elements. Thus, we designed a greenhouse experiment to simulate the current copper and zinc levels in urban soils (102.29 mg kg-1 and 148.32 mg kg-1, respectively). The experiment involved four pairs of invasive alien species and their natural co-existing native species to investigate the effects of essential trace elements in urban soil on the growth and functional traits of invasive and native species, as well as their interspecific relationship. The results showed that adding trace elements weakened the competitiveness of invasive species. Nonetheless, trace element additions did not change the outcome of competition, consistently favoring invasion successfully. Under trace element addition treatments, invasive species and native species still maintained functional differentiation trend. Furthermore, the crown area, average leaf area and leaf area per plant of invasive species were higher than those of native species by 157 %, 177 % and 178 % under copper treatment, and 194 %, 169 % and 188 % under zinc treatment, respectively. Additionally, interspecific competition enhanced the root growth of invasive species by 21 % with copper treatment and 14 % with zinc treatment. The ability of invasive species to obtain light energy and absorb water and nutrients might be the key to their successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Lele Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chixuan Xiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yingkun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China.
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Li C, Li Y, Xu Z, Zhong S, Cheng H, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang C, Du D. The effects of co-invasion by three Asteraceae invasive alien species on plant taxonomic and functional diversity in herbaceous ruderal communities in southern Jiangsu, China. Biol Futur 2024; 75:205-217. [PMID: 38300414 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Invasive alien species can affect plant taxonomic and functional diversity. Multiple invasive alien species can co-invade the same plant community. However, the effects of such co-invasion on plant taxonomic and functional diversity are currently unclear. Our study aimed to estimate the effects of co-invasion by three Asteraceae invasive alien species (i.e., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Conyza sumatrensis (S.F. Blake) Pruski and G. Sancho, and Solidago canadensis L.) on plant taxonomic and functional diversity in herbaceous ruderal communities in southern Jiangsu, China. The effects of these three invasive alien species under seven invasion combinations (including invasion by one invasive alien species, co-invasion by two invasive alien species, and co-invasion by these three invasive alien species) on plant taxonomic and functional diversity were investigated in a comparative field study of herbaceous ruderal communities. Niche differentiation mediated the functional divergence between these three invasive alien species and natives under all invasion combinations. These three invasive alien species significantly increased plant taxonomic diversity (especially plant diversity and richness) and plant functional diversity (especially Rao's quadratic entropies) under all invasion combinations. The relative abundance of invasive alien species was significantly positively associated with plant functional diversity (especially community-weighted mean trait values and Rao's quadratic entropy). The number of invasive alien species was significantly positively associated with plant taxonomic diversity (especially plant diversity and richness) and plant functional diversity (especially Rao's quadratic entropies). Thus, co-invasion by these three invasive alien species may synergistically increase plant taxonomic diversity (especially plant diversity and richness) and functional diversity (especially Rao's quadratic entropies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhelun Xu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Zhenjiang Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang, 212009, People's Republic of China
| | - Youli Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College and Institute of Enviroment and Ecology and School of Emergency Management and School of Environment and Safety Engineering and School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Golivets M, Knapp S, Essl F, Lenzner B, Latombe G, Leung B, Kühn I. Future changes in key plant traits across Central Europe vary with biogeographical status, woodiness, and habitat type. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167954. [PMID: 37866591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Many plant traits covary with environmental gradients, reflecting shifts in adaptive strategies and thus informing about potential consequences of future environmental change for vegetation and ecosystem functioning. Yet, the evidence of trait-environment relationships (TERs) remains too heterogeneous for reliable predictions, partially due to insufficient consideration of trait syndromes specific to certain growth forms and habitats. Moreover, it is still unclear whether non-native and native plants' traits align similarly along environmental gradients, limiting our ability to assess the impacts of future plant invasions. Using a Bayesian multilevel modelling framework, we assess TERs for native and non-native woody and herbaceous plants across six broad habitat types in Central Europe at a resolution of c. 130 km2 and use them to project trait change under future environmental change scenarios until 2081-2100. We model TERs between three key plant traits (maximum height, Hmax; specific leaf area, SLA; seed mass, SM) and individual environmental factors (7 climate variables and % urban land cover) and estimate trait change summed across all environmental effects. We also quantify the change in the average trait difference between native and non-native plants. Our models depict multiple TERs, with important differences attributed to biogeographical status and woodiness within and across habitat types. The overall magnitude of trait change is projected to be greater for non-native than native taxa and to increase under more extreme scenarios. Native woody plant assemblages may generally experience a future increase across all three traits, whereas woody non-natives may decline in Hmax and increase in SLA and SM. Herbaceous Hmax is estimated to increase and SLA to decrease in most habitats. The obtained trait projections highlight conditions of competitive advantage of non-native plants over natives and vice versa and can serve as starting points for projecting future changes in ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Golivets
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.
| | - Sonja Knapp
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany; Ecosystem Science/Plant Ecology, Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guillaume Latombe
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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5
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Yan Z, Lv T, Liu Y, Xing B, Chao C, Li Y, Wu L, Wang L, Liu C, Yu D. Responses of soil phosphorus cycling and bioavailability to plant invasion in river-lake ecotones. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2843. [PMID: 36922375 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of exotic plants in the river-lake ecotone has seriously affected the nutrient cycling processes in wetland soil. The South American species Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. is rapidly invading the river-lake ecotone in subtropical China, and has become the dominant species in the river-lake ecotone. However, there have been few studies on the effects of A. philoxeroides invasion on soil phosphorus (P) cycling and bioavailability in this ecotone. Here, we measured the bioavailable P fractions, physicochemical properties and nutrient content in the surface soils of the native plant (Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) communities and the adjacent invasive A. philoxeroides communities in three river-lake ecotones with different nutrient substrates in the subtropical Dongting Lake basin over a 3-year period to reveal the effects of A. philoxeroides invasion on the morphology and concentrations of soil bioavailable P. The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the A. philoxeroides invasion significantly altered the bioavailable P concentrations in the soil of native plant communities in the different river-lake ecotones, and this effect was not disturbed by the heterogeneity of the soil matrix. However, the effects of invasion into different native plant communities on the fractions of soil bioavailable P were different. Compared with native Z. latifolia and N. nucifera communities, A. philoxeroides invasion increased the concentration of inorganic P by 39.5% and 3.7%, respectively, and the concentration of organic P decreased by 32.7% and 31.9%, respectively. In addition, the invasion promoted P cycling and accumulation in the river-lake ecotone, which resulted in average decreases in the soil N:P and C:P ratios of 7.9% and 12.5%, respectively. These results highlight the impact of exotic plant invasions on nutrient cycling in wetland ecosystems in the river-lake ecotone, and this process may be detrimental to the late recovery of native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian Lv
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bin Xing
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuanxin Chao
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Li
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ling Wu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ligong Wang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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6
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Deschamps L, Proulx R, Rheault G, Gross N, Watson C, Maire V. Species richness drives selection of individuals within wetlands based on traits related to acquisition and utilization of light. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9959. [PMID: 37038518 PMCID: PMC10082176 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection within natural communities has mainly been studied along large abiotic gradients, while the selection of individuals within populations should occur locally in response to biotic filters. To better leverage the role of the latter, we considered the hierarchal nature of environmental selection for the multiple dimensions of the trait space across biological levels, that is, from the species to the community and the ecosystem levels. We replicated a natural species richness gradient where communities included from two to 16 species within four wetlands (bog, fen, meadow, and marsh) contrasting in plant productivity. We sampled functional traits from individuals in each community and used hierarchical distributional modeling in order to analyze the independent variation of the mean and dispersion of functional trait space at ecosystem, community, and species levels. The plant productivity gradient observed between wetlands led to species turnover and selection of traits related to leaf nutrient conservation/acquisition strategy. Within wetlands, plant species richness drove trait variation across both communities and species. Among communities, variation of species richness correlated with the selection of individuals according to their use of vertical space and leaf adaptations to light conditions. Within species, intraspecific light-related trait variation in response to species richness was associated with stable population density for some species, while others reached low population density in more diverse communities. Within ecosystems, variation in biotic conditions selects individuals along functional dimensions that are independent of those selected across ecosystems. Within-species variations of light-related traits are related to demographic responses, linking biotic selection of individuals within communities to eco-evolutionary dynamics of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Deschamps
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois RivièresCanada
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois RivièresCanada
| | - Guillaume Rheault
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois RivièresCanada
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro SupUnité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème PrairialClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Christopher Watson
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois RivièresCanada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois RivièresCanada
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7
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Castillioni K, Patten MA, Souza L. Precipitation effects on grassland plant performance are lessened by hay harvest. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3282. [PMID: 35228587 PMCID: PMC8885915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate and human management, such as hay harvest, shape grasslands. With both disturbances co-occurring, understanding how these ecosystems respond to these combined drivers may aid in projecting future changes in grasslands. We used an experimental precipitation gradient combined with mimicked acute hay harvest (clipping once a year) to examine (1) whether hay harvest influences precipitation effects on plant performance (cover and height) and (2) the role of inter-specific responses in influencing plant performance. We found that hay harvest reduced the strength of precipitation effects on plant performance through changes in bare-ground soil cover. Species performance were mainly influenced by change in abiotic factors, often responding negatively, as hay harvest increased bare-ground amount. Conversely, altered precipitation without hay harvest promoted plant species performance through abiotic factors change first, followed by biotic. Most species, including the dominant grass Schizachyrium scoparium, increased their performance with greater leaf area index (proxy for canopy structure). Our experiment demonstrates that plant performance responds directly to abiotic factors with hay harvest, but indirectly without hay harvest. Positive effects of increasing precipitation were likely due to microhabitat amelioration and resource acquisition, thus inclusion of hay harvest as a disturbance lessens positive impacts of biotic variables on species performance to climate change.
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8
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Do non-native plants affect terrestrial arthropods in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands? Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Abedi M, Omidipour R, Hosseini SV, Bahalkeh K, Gross N. Fire disturbance effects on plant taxonomic and functional β-diversity mediated by topographic exposure. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8552. [PMID: 35127050 PMCID: PMC8796949 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the diversity-disturbance relationship has been extensively studied, the differences in responses of taxonomic vs. functional diversity to natural disturbances (i.e., fire) call for an improved understanding of this relationship. Here, we investigated how fire disturbance influenced plant taxonomic and functional diversity in Golestan National Park, in northeastern Iran. We evaluated the response of α- and β-plant diversity considering both taxonomic and functional diversity and different β-diversity components (i.e., turnover and nestedness) as a function of fire regime, topographic exposure, and their interactive effect. We considered different indices of functional diversity including functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, functional dispersion, Rao's quadratic entropy, and community-weighted mean (CWM). Functional diversity indices were computed using four leaf traits related to species growth strategy and fire response including leaf thickness and leaf length, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Taxonomic and functional diversity had contrasting response to fire disturbance. Fire significantly decreased taxonomic α-diversity similarly in both north and south exposures. β-diversity increased in south exposures but decreased in north exposures. Fire decreased functional richness, increased CWM of SLA, and decreased CWM of LDMC. In contrast, abundance-weighted metrics of functional diversity (functional evenness, functional divergence, functional dispersion, Rao's quadratic entropy) were not impacted by fire disturbance. Finally, the main contributors to heterogeneity were driven by a fire × exposure interaction, suggesting that fire disturbance interacts with topographic exposure. Our results suggest that taxonomic and functional α- and β-diversity have contrasting responses to fire illustrating the need to consider both dimensions to understand how disturbance impacts plant communities. At large spatial scale, species turnover and nestedness appear as essential parameters to maintain species-rich communities in response to fire disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Reza Omidipour
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Earth SciencesShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Seyed Vria Hosseini
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRAEVetAgro SupUnité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème PrairialClermont‐FerrandFrance
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10
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Westerband AC, Knight TM, Barton KE. Intraspecific trait variation and reversals of trait strategies across key climate gradients in native Hawaiian plants and non-native invaders. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:553-564. [PMID: 32211761 PMCID: PMC7988522 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Displacement of native plant species by non-native invaders may result from differences in their carbon economy, yet little is known regarding how variation in leaf traits influences native-invader dynamics across climate gradients. In Hawaii, one of the most heavily invaded biodiversity hotspots in the world, strong spatial variation in climate results from the complex topography, which underlies variation in traits that probably drives shifts in species interactions. METHODS Using one of the most comprehensive trait data sets for Hawaii to date (91 species and four islands), we determined the extent and sources of variation (climate, species and species origin) in leaf traits, and used mixed models to examine differences between natives and non-native invasives. KEY RESULTS We detected significant differences in trait means, such that invasives were more resource acquisitive than natives over most of the climate gradients. However, we also detected trait convergence and a rank reversal (natives more resource acquisitive than invasives) in a sub-set of conditions. There was significant intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in leaf traits of natives and invasives, although invasives expressed significantly greater ITV than natives in water loss and photosynthesis. Species accounted for more trait variation than did climate for invasives, while the reverse was true for natives. Incorporating this climate-driven trait variation significantly improved the fit of models that compared natives and invasives. Lastly, in invasives, ITV was most strongly explained by spatial heterogeneity in moisture, whereas solar energy explains more ITV in natives. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that trait expression and ITV vary significantly between natives and invasives, and that this is mediated by climate. These findings suggest that although natives and invasives are functionally similar at the regional scale, invader success at local scales is contingent on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Westerband
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kasey E Barton
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, USA
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11
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The role of competition on invader colonization along stress gradients in the Fuegian steppe. Oecologia 2021; 195:1031-1040. [PMID: 33710449 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Competition exerted by native plant communities is an important component of biotic resistance against the spread and impact of non-indigenous plant species in novel habitats. However, how the role of biotic resistance varies along environmental gradients to delay invasions is less clear. We conducted two field experiments to determine how competition from native communities affects colonization of a recognized invader of grasslands, Hieracium pilosella L., in the Fuegian steppe along different environmental gradients at regional and landscape scale. We assessed the role of competition on invader survival and growth along a climate gradient at regional scale (4.7-6.6 °C and 270-450 mm year-1), and across four major plant communities (i.e. meadows, grasslands, scrublands, and heathlands) along a topographic catena. At regional scale, the climate gradient showed a 33% reduction in H. pilosella survival at the coldest and wettest extreme, while reduced its biomass in 41% at the warmest and driest site, in the opposite extreme of the gradient. Competition caused a 34% decrease of the invader biomass, similarly along the climate gradient. At landscape scale, the topographic gradient had a stronger effect on invader survival reaching a 67% reduction in lowland meadows due to flooding events, while competition reduced in 29-39% the invader biomass only in grasslands or scrublands with negligible effects on low-resource heathlands. These results suggest that biotic resistance plays a significant and similar role along the climate gradient to delay invasion at regional scale, but at landscape scale is only determinant for rich-resource communities in absence of abiotic stresses.
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Virta L, Soininen J, Norkko A. Biodiversity Loss Threatens the Current Functional Similarity of Beta Diversity in Benthic Diatom Communities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:293-303. [PMID: 32860516 PMCID: PMC7835312 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global biodiversity loss has increased the need to understand the effects of decreasing diversity, but our knowledge on how species loss will affect the functioning of communities and ecosystems is still very limited. Here, the levels of taxonomic and functional beta diversity and the effect of species loss on functional beta diversity were investigated in an estuary that provides a naturally steep environmental gradient. The study was conducted using diatoms that are among the most important microorganisms in all aquatic ecosystems and globally account for 40% of marine primary production. Along the estuary, the taxonomic beta diversity of diatom communities was high (Bray-Curtis taxonomic similarity 0.044) and strongly controlled by the environment, particularly wind exposure, salinity, and temperature. In contrast, the functional beta diversity was low (Bray-Curtis functional similarity 0.658) and much less controlled by the environment. Thus, the diatom communities stayed functionally almost similar despite large changes in species composition and environment. This may indicate that, through high taxonomic diversity and redundancy in functions, microorganisms provide an insurance effect against environmental change. However, when studying the effect of decreasing species richness on functional similarity of communities, simulated species loss to 45% of the current species richness decreased functional similarity significantly. This suggests that decreasing species richness may increase variability and reduce the stability and resilience of communities. These results highlight the importance of high taxonomic biodiversity for the stable functioning of benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Virta
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palméns väg 260, FI-10900, Hangö, Finland.
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palméns väg 260, FI-10900, Hangö, Finland
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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López DP, Freestone AL. History of co‐occurrence shapes predation effects on functional diversity and structure at low latitudes. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. López
- Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Amy L. Freestone
- Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia PA USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater MD USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
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14
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Wang S, Wei M, Cheng H, Wu B, Du D, Wang C. Indigenous plant species and invasive alien species tend to diverge functionally under heavy metal pollution and drought stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111160. [PMID: 32853864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The functional similarity between indigenous plant species (IPS) and invasive alien species (IAS) governs the invasion process of successful IAS because IPS and coexisting IAS suffer alike or even same ecological selection pressures. The aggravated condition created by heavy metal pollution (HMP) and drought stress may generate a noticeable impact on the invasive competitiveness and invasion process of IAS possibly via the variations in the functional similarity between IPS and IAS. Consequently, it is necessary to illumine the functional similarity between IPS and IAS under HMP and drought stress to clarify the mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of IAS. This study aims to estimate the functional similarity between IPS Amaranthus tricolor L. and IAS A. retroflexus L. under the condition with the alone and combined effects of HMP with different kinds (e.g., Cu and Pb) and drought stress [simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solution]. HMP notably declines A. tricolor growth but has no remarkable effect on A. retroflexus growth. A. retroflexus displays a strong competitive intensity than A. tricolor under HMP. Further, HMP makes a greater stress intensity on A. tricolor growth than A. retroflexus growth. Therefore, HMP can accelerate A. retroflexus invasion. A. retroflexus displays a poor competitive intensity under drought stress. Thus, drought stress can hinder A. retroflexus invasion. However, drought stress causes a greater stress intensity on A. tricolor growth than A. retroflexus growth. Thus, the continued drought stress may converse the adverse effects of drought stress on A. retroflexus invasion potentially. The two Amaranthus species tend to diverge functionally under the combined HMP and drought stress. Further, A. retroflexus shows a strong competitive intensity than A. tricolor under the combined HMP and drought stress. Moreover, the combined HMP and drought stress induces a greater stress intensity on A. tricolor growth than A. retroflexus growth. Thus, the combined HMP and drought stress can facilitate A. retroflexus invasion. Meanwhile, the competitiveness for sunlight acquisition and leaf photosynthetic capacity may play a key role in the successful invasion of A. retroflexus under the combined HMP and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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16
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Wang C, Wei M, Wang S, Wu B, Cheng H. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Solidago canadensis L. antagonistically affect community stability and community invasibility under the co-invasion condition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137128. [PMID: 32045766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The successful invasion of one invasive alien plant (IAP) can generate a favorable habitat in the invaded communities that beneficial to the successful invasion of the subsequent IAP. Advanced variations in the species number of IAP have the potential to alter the functional similarity and dissimilarity between IAP and co-existing native plant species (NPS), plant taxonomic diversity, plant functional diversity, community stability, and community invasibility. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the co-invasion of two notorious IAP, Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Solidago canadensis L., on the functional similarity and dissimilarity between IAP and co-existing NPS, plant taxonomic diversity, plant functional diversity, community stability, and community invasibility in East China by using a comparative study. Results presented that: (I) IAP and co-existing NPS tend to converge functionally under E. annuus invasion and the functional similarity between IAP and co-existing NPS under E. annuus invasion supports the habitat filtering; (II) IAP and co-existing NPS tend to diverge functionally under S. canadensis invasion and the co-invasion condition and the functional dissimilarity between IAP and co-existing NPS under S. canadensis invasion and the co-invasion condition supports the niche differentiation; (III) plant taxonomic diversity was dramatically reduced under invasion condition, especially under S. canadensis invasion; (IV) Mason's α functional diversity was remarkably elevated under S. canadensis invasion and the co-invasion condition; (V) E. annuus and S. canadensis antagonistically affect community stability and community invasibility under the co-invasion condition compared with their independent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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17
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Borowy D, Swan CM. A Multi-Trait Comparison of an Urban Plant Species Pool Reveals the Importance of Intraspecific Trait Variation and Its Influence on Distinct Functional Responses to Soil Quality. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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18
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Wu B, Wang L, Wei M, Wang S, Jiang K, Wang C. Silver nanoparticles reduced the invasiveness of redroot pigweed. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:983-994. [PMID: 31435863 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The differences in the growth performance between invasive species and native species might paly a key role in the effective invasion. The extensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has created the concern of their release into environment. Thus, the possible effects of AgNPs on the growth performance of invading agents are critical to better illustrate the underlying mechanisms for effective invasion. This study aimed to assess the impacts of AgNPs with different concentrations [200 and 400 mg kg (soil)-1] and particle sizes (30 and 70 nm) on the growth performance and competitive ability of well known invasive Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) and native A. tricolor L. (red amaranth). It was observed that the growth characteristics and supporting ability of redroot pigweed were significantly lower than those of amaranth. Results of the relative competitive intensity index and the relative dominance index also revealed that redroot pigweed exhibited lower competitive ability compared to red amaranth, especially under AgNPs. It can be assumed that the poor growth performance and competitive ability of redroot pigweed might prevent its invasiveness under AgNPs. The supporting ability, leaf photosynthetic area, leaf growing ability, leaf resource use efficiency and acquisition capability, and growth competitiveness of the two plant species were found to be significantly reduced under AgNPs. AgNPs with 30 nm at 400 mg kg (soil)-1 triggered more toxicity on the supporting ability and growth competitiveness of the two plant species than AgNPs with 30 nm at 200 mg kg (soil)-1. In addition, AgNPs with 30 nm imparted high toxicity on the leaf growing ability of red amaranth than AgNPs with 70 nm. However, the particle size of AgNPs did not address significant effects on the growth performance of redroot pigweed. Ag+ solution exhibited stronger toxicity on the supporting ability and leaf growing ability of the two plant species than AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingde Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Environmental Testing Centre, Academy of Environmental Sciences, 200233, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, PR China.
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19
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Henn JJ, Yelenik S, Damschen EI. Environmental gradients influence differences in leaf functional traits between native and non-native plants. Oecologia 2019; 191:397-409. [PMID: 31494711 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Determining the characteristics of non-native plants that can successfully establish and spread is central to pressing questions in invasion ecology. Evidence suggests that some non-native species establish and spread in new environments because they possess characteristics (functional traits) that allow them to either successfully compete with native residents or fill previously unfilled niches. However, the relative importance of out-competing native species vs. filling empty niche space as potential mechanisms of invasion may depend on environmental characteristics. Here, we measured plant functional traits, proxies indicative of competitive and establishment strategies, to determine if these traits vary among native and invasive species and if their prevalence is dependent on environmental conditions. Using a natural environmental gradient in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, we evaluated how functional traits differ between native and non-native plant communities and if these differences change along an environmental gradient from hot, dry to cool, wet conditions. Functional trait differences suggested that both competition and open niche space may be important for invasion. Non-native communities tended to have traits associated with faster growth strategies such as higher specific leaf area and lower leaf thickness. However, native and non-native community traits became more dissimilar along the gradient, suggesting that non-native species may be occupying previously unfilled niche space at the hot, dry end of the gradient. We also found that most of the variation in functional trait values amongst plots was due to species turnover rather than intraspecific variation. These results highlight the role of environmental context when considering invasion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Henn
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Stephanie Yelenik
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Ellen I Damschen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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20
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Wu B, Zhang H, Jiang K, Zhou J, Wang C. Erigeron canadensis
affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of plant communities in two climate zones in the North of China. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Huanshi Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical and Microbial Applications Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants Nanjing China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
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21
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Influence of seed size on performance of non-native annual plant species in a novel community at two planting densities. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Differences in functional traits between invasive and native Amaranthus species under simulated acid deposition with a gradient of pH levels. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Broadbent AAD, Stevens CJ, Ostle NJ, Orwin KH. Biogeographic differences in soil biota promote invasive grass response to nutrient addition relative to co-occurring species despite lack of belowground enemy release. Oecologia 2018; 186:611-620. [PMID: 29399738 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple plant species invasions and increases in nutrient availability are pervasive drivers of global environmental change that often co-occur. Many plant invasion studies, however, focus on single-species or single-mechanism invasions, risking an oversimplification of a multifaceted process. Here, we test how biogeographic differences in soil biota, such as belowground enemy release, interact with increases in nutrient availability to influence invasive plant growth. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using three co-occurring invasive grasses and one native grass. We grew species in live and sterilized soil from the invader's native (United Kingdom) and introduced (New Zealand) ranges with a nutrient addition treatment. We found no evidence for belowground enemy release. However, species' responses to nutrients varied, and this depended on soil origin and sterilization. In live soil from the introduced range, the invasive species Lolium perenne L. responded more positively to nutrient addition than co-occurring invasive and native species. In contrast, in live soil from the native range and in sterilized soils, there were no differences in species' responses to nutrients. This suggests that the presence of soil biota from the introduced range allowed L. perenne to capture additional nutrients better than co-occurring species. Considering the globally widespread nature of anthropogenic nutrient additions to ecosystems, this effect could be contributing to a global homogenization of flora and the associated losses in native species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kate H Orwin
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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24
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Carmona CP, de Bello F, Mason NWH, Lepš J. Traits Without Borders: Integrating Functional Diversity Across Scales. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 31:382-394. [PMID: 26924737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the conceptual complexity of functional diversity (FD), a multitude of different methods are available for measuring it, with most being operational at only a small range of spatial scales. This causes uncertainty in ecological interpretations and limits the potential to generalize findings across studies or compare patterns across scales. We solve this problem by providing a unified framework expanding on and integrating existing approaches. The framework, based on trait probability density (TPD), is the first to fully implement the Hutchinsonian concept of the niche as a probabilistic hypervolume in estimating FD. This novel approach could revolutionize FD-based research by allowing quantification of the various FD components from organismal to macroecological scales, and allowing seamless transitions between scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Hulme
- The Bio‐Protection Research CentreLincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
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26
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Brandt AJ, Lee WG, Tanentzap AJ, Hayman E, Fukami T, Anderson BJ. Evolutionary priority effects persist in anthropogenically created habitats, but not through nonnative plant invasion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:865-876. [PMID: 28407248 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary priority effects, where early-arriving lineages occupy niche space via diversification and preclude dominance of later arrivals, have been observed in alpine and forest communities. However, the potential for evolutionary priority effects to persist in an era of rapid global change remains unclear. Here, we use a natural experiment of historical disturbance in New Zealand to test whether anthropogenic changes in available habitat and nonnative invasion eliminate the role of evolutionary priority effects in community assembly. We also test whether evolutionary priority effects diminish with decreasing resource availability. Older plant clades, as estimated by clade crown age, were relatively more abundant in both primary and secondary grassland. Relative abundance in primary grassland decreased with clade stem age, but only weakly. However, for both clade age estimates, relative abundance decreased with age when nonnative biomass was high and soil moisture was low. Our data show that patterns in community structure consistent with evolutionary priority effects can occur in both primary and secondary grasslands, the latter created by anthropogenic disturbance. However, nonnative invasion may overwhelm the effect of immigration timing on community dominance, possibly as a result of high immigration rates and preadaptation to anthropogenically modified environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William G Lee
- Landcare Research, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ella Hayman
- Landcare Research, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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27
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Let native species take their course: Ambrosia artemisiifolia replacement during natural or “artificial” succession. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Differences in functional traits between invasive and native Amaranthus species under different forms of N deposition. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Mason TJ, French K, Jolley DF. Functional Richness and Identity Do Not Strongly Affect Invasibility of Constructed Dune Communities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169243. [PMID: 28072854 PMCID: PMC5224978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic effects are often used to explain community structure and invasion resistance. We evaluated the contribution of functional richness and identity to invasion resistance and abiotic resource availability using a mesocosm experiment. We predicted that higher functional richness would confer greater invasion resistance through greater resource sequestration. We also predicted that niche pre-emption and invasion resistance would be higher in communities which included functional groups similar to the invader than communities where all functional groups were distinct from the invader. We constructed communities of different functional richness and identity but maintained constant species richness and numbers of individuals in the resident community. The constructed communities represented potential fore dune conditions following invader control activities along the Australian east coast. We then simulated an invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata DC. Norl.), a South African shrub invader. We used the same bitou propagule pressure across all treatments and monitored invasion success and resource availability for 13 months. Contrary to our predictions, we found that functional richness did not mediate the number of bitou individuals or bitou cover and functional identity had little effect on invasion success: there was a trend for the grass single functional group treatment to supress bitou individuals, but this trend was obscured when grasses were in multi functional group treatments. We found that all constructed communities facilitated bitou establishment and suppressed bitou cover relative to unplanted mesocosms. Abiotic resource use was either similar among planted communities, or differences did not relate to invasion success (with the exception of light availability). We attribute invasion resistance to bulk plant biomass across planted treatments rather than their functional group arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Mason
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne F. Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Pereira LS, Mise FT, Tencatt LFC, Baumgartner MT, Agostinho AA. Is coexistence between non-native and native Erythrinidae species mediated by niche differentiation or environmental filtering? A case study in the upper Paraná River floodplain. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The limiting similarity theory predicts that divergence in the functional traits of native and introduced species is an essential component in species establishment, as introduced species must occupy a niche that is unoccupied by resident species. On the other hand, the environmental filtering hypothesis predicts convergence between introduced and native species, as both possess traits that make them adapted to the local abiotic environment. Morphology, spatial co-occurrence, diet, feeding selectivity, and niche breadth and overlap of Erythrinidae were evaluated to detect possible mechanisms acting in the coexistence between non-native and native species. Native (Hoplias sp. B and Hoplias cf. malabaricus) and non-native (Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Hoplias mbigua) species presented differences in morphological traits, spatial co-occurrence, diet, selectivity, and niche breadth and overlap. The mechanisms mediating species coexistence seem to vary according to species. The absence of spatial and feeding overlap suggests that non-native species H. unitaeniatus occupy a different niche than native species, supporting its successful establishment without eliminating the native species. However, low feeding overlap and similar morphologies between non-native and native species of Hoplias point to environmental filters; in this case, the non-native H. mbigua is able to establish due to similarities in functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Angelo A. Agostinho
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
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31
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32
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Peltzer DA, Kurokawa H, Wardle DA. Soil fertility and disturbance interact to drive contrasting responses of co-occurring native and nonnative species. Ecology 2016; 97:515-29. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0298.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; 1 Matsunosato Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan
| | - David A. Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE901-83 Umeå Sweden
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33
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Escoriza D, Ruhí A. Functional distance to recipient communities may favour invasiveness: insights from two invasive frogs. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Escoriza
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Sciences University of Girona Campus Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain
| | - A. Ruhí
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
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34
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Gross N, Liancourt P, Butters R, Duncan RP, Hulme PE. Functional equivalence, competitive hierarchy and facilitation determine species coexistence in highly invaded grasslands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:175-186. [PMID: 25388949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alien and native plant species often differ in functional traits. Trait differences could lead to niche differences that minimize competitive interactions and stabilize coexistence. However, trait differences could also translate into average fitness differences, leading to a competitive hierarchy that prevents coexistence. We tested whether trait differences between alien and native species translated into average fitness or stabilizing niche differences, and whether competition could explain observed coexistence within invaded grassland communities (New Zealand). Trait differences reflected marked competitive hierarchy, suggesting average fitness differences. Species coexistence was determined by a trade-off between species susceptibility to herbivory vs competitive hierarchy and facilitation. Importantly, although aliens and natives differed in their trait values, they did not differ in their competitive response, highlighting the importance of equalizing mechanisms in structuring invaded communities. Only a few alien species with a particular set of traits were able to jeopardize species coexistence when grazing was ceased. Our study explains why some alien species coexist with natives, whereas others have strong impacts on native communities. It highlights that trait differences can underlie several coexistence processes and that the demonstration of trait differences between aliens and natives is only a first step to understanding the role of biotic interactions in structuring invaded communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gross
- INRA, USC1339 Chizé (CEBC), 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Centre d'étude Biologique de Chizé, CNRS - Université La Rochelle (UMR 7372), 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University 7647, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, 37982, Czech Republic
| | - Robyn Butters
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University 7647, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University 7647, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
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35
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Grant K, Kreyling J, Heilmeier H, Beierkuhnlein C, Jentsch A. Extreme weather events and plant–plant interactions: shifts between competition and facilitation among grassland species in the face of drought and heavy rainfall. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-014-1187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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