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Attinello K, Fahrig L, Smith AC, Wilson S. Substituting space for time: Bird responses to forest loss in space provide a general picture of responses over time. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2919. [PMID: 37688799 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The practice of space-for-time substitution assumes that the responses of species or communities to land-use change over space represents how they will respond to that same change over time. Space-for-time substitution is commonly used in both ecology and conservation, but whether the assumption produces reliable insights remains inconclusive. Here, we tested space-for-time substitution using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Global Forest Change (GFC) to compare the effects of landscape-scale forest cover on bird richness and abundance over time and space, for 25 space-time comparisons. Each comparison consisted of a landscape that experienced at least 20% forest loss over 19 years (temporal site) and a set of 15-19 landscapes (spatial sites) that represented the same forest cover gradient over space in 2019 as experienced over time in their corresponding temporal site. Across the 25 comparisons, the observed responses of forest and open-habitat birds to forest cover over time generally aligned with their responses to forest cover over space, but with comparatively higher variability in the magnitude and direction of effect across the 25 temporal slopes than across the 25 spatial slopes. On average, the mean differences between the spatial and temporal slopes across the 25 space-time comparisons frequently overlapped with zero, suggesting that the spatial slopes are generally informative of the temporal slopes. However, we observed high variability around these mean differences, indicating that a single spatial slope is not strongly predictive of its corresponding temporal slope. We suggest that our results may be explained by annual variability in other relevant environmental factors that combine to produce complex effects on population abundances over time that are not easily captured by snapshots in space. While not being a 1:1 proxy, measuring bird responses to changes in habitat amount in space provides an idea on how birds might be expected to eventually equilibrate to similar changes in habitat amount over time. Further, analyses such as this could be potentially used to screen for cases of regional space-time mismatches where population-limiting factors other than habitat could be playing a more important role in the population trends observed there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Attinello
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam C Smith
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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Deng J, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Zhong Y, Tu J, Yu J, He J. Urbanization drives biotic homogenization of the avian community in China. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38379130 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Urbanization-driven biotic homogenization has been recorded in various ecosystems on local and global scales; however, it is largely unexplored in developing countries. Empirical studies on different taxa and bioregions show conflicting results (i.e. biotic homogenization vs. biotic differentiation); the extent to which the community composition changes in response to anthropogenic disturbances and the factors governing this process, therefore, require elucidation. Here, we used a compiled database of 760 bird species in China to quantify the multiple-site β-diversity and fitted distance decay in pairwise β-diversities between natural and urban assemblages to assess whether urbanization had driven biotic homogenization. We used generalized dissimilarity models (GDM) to elucidate the roles of spatial and environmental factors in avian community dissimilarities before and after urbanization. The multiple-site β-diversities among urban assemblages were markedly lower than those among natural assemblages, and the distance decays in pairwise similarities in natural assemblages were more rapid. These results were consistent among taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional aspects, supporting a general biotic homogenization driven by urbanization. The GDM results indicated that geographical distance and temperature were the dominant predictors of avian community dissimilarity. However, the contribution of geographical distance and climatic factors decreased in explaining compositional dissimilarities in urban assemblages. Geographical and environmental distances accounted for much lower variations in compositional dissimilarities in urban than in natural assemblages, implying a potential risk of uncertainty in model predictions under further climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. Our study concludes that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions elucidate urbanization-driven biotic homogenization in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Younan Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelong Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjing Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Tu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiekun He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Song Z, Liu H, Hou J, Liu Y, Li Y, Shi L, Cao J. Shifting of nutrient limitation dominates the recovery of aboveground net primary productivity of mixed forests in northeastern China after selective logging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165378. [PMID: 37422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary productivity of temperate forests is commonly limited by nitrogen (N) supply, which may be aggravated by the removal of trees. After selective logging, whether and the mechanism by which the N limitation can be alleviated by the rapidly increasing nutrient turnover during the recovery processes, which is important for improving carbon sequestration in temperate forests, remain unclear. We investigated the effect of nutrient limitation (leaf N:Pcom: the leaf N:P ratio at the community level) on plant community productivity by selecting 28 forest plots including seven forest recovery periods (at the sites logged 6, 14, 25, 36, 45, 55, and 100 years ago) following low-intensity selective logging (13-14 m3/ha) and one unlogged treatment by measuring the soil N concentration, soil phosphorus (P) concentration, leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration, and the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of 234 plant species. The plant growth in temperate forests was limited by N, but the P limitation was observed at the sites logged 36 years ago, which showed a transition pattern of plant growth from N limitation to P limitation during the forest recovery process. Meanwhile, a robust linear trend in the community ANPP was observed with the increase in the community leaf N:P ratio, which suggests the enhancement in community ANPP with the release of N limitation after selective logging. Nutrient limitation (leaf N:Pcom) had a significant direct effect (56.0 %) on the community ANPP and showed a higher independent contribution (25.6 %) to the variation in the community ANPP than the soil nutrient supply and even the changes in species richness. Our results suggested that selective logging alleviated the N limitation, but a shift toward P limitation should also be highly regarded in learning the changes in carbon sequestration during the recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jihua Hou
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Correa CMA, da Silva KC, de Oliveira PLM, Salomão RP. The conversion of native savannah into pasturelands does not affect exclusively species diversity: Effects on physiological condition of a highly abundant dung beetle species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10752. [PMID: 38020699 PMCID: PMC10659944 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dung beetles are efficient indicators to obtain responses regarding the effects of land use change on biodiversity. Although the biological consequences of Cerrado conversion into pasture have been observed at the assemblage scale, there are no cues regarding the effects of tropical savanna conversion into pasture on physiological condition of dung beetle individuals. In this study, we evaluated whether native and non-native habitats in Cerrado affect the physiological condition and body traits of males and females of Phanaeus palaeno. The individuals were collected from a Cerrado fragment (sensu stricto) and an exotic pasture (Urochloa spp.). Physiological condition was assessed through the estimation of individuals' dry body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass. Body traits were estimated through individual body size and males' horn length. We did not find differences between dung beetle morphological traits between Cerrado and pastures. However, individuals collected in exotic pastures had lower dry mass and fat mass, but higher muscle mass, than in conserved Cerrado. Understanding how the land use change affects individuals' body condition is essential to maintain abundant and healthy populations of dung beetles in human-modified landscapes. Although the estimation of physiological condition is logistically more complex than species body traits, future studies aiming to present complex and finer ecological responses of dung beetles should incorporate physiological data to their approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- César M. A. Correa
- Laboratório de Bioecologia de Scarabaeoidea (Scaralab)Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
| | - Kalel Caetano da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioecologia de Scarabaeoidea (Scaralab)Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
| | - Pedro Lucas Moreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioecologia de Scarabaeoidea (Scaralab)Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAquidauanaBrazil
| | - Renato Portela Salomão
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantlaMexico
- Pós‐graduação em EcologiaInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
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Pillay R, Watson JEM, Hansen AJ, Jantz PA, Aragon-Osejo J, Armenteras D, Atkinson SC, Burns P, Ervin J, Goetz SJ, González-Del-Pliego P, Robinson NP, Supples C, Virnig ALS, Williams BA, Venter O. Humid tropical vertebrates are at lower risk of extinction and population decline in forests with higher structural integrity. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1840-1849. [PMID: 36329351 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reducing deforestation underpins global biodiversity conservation efforts. However, this focus on retaining forest cover overlooks the multitude of anthropogenic pressures that can degrade forest quality and imperil biodiversity. We use remotely sensed indices of tropical rainforest structural condition and associated human pressures to quantify the relative importance of forest cover, structural condition and integrity (the cumulative effect of condition and pressures) on vertebrate species extinction risk and population trends across the global humid tropics. We found that tropical rainforests of high integrity (structurally intact and under low pressures) were associated with lower likelihood of species being threatened and having declining populations, compared with forest cover alone (without consideration of condition and pressures). Further, species were more likely to be threatened or have declining populations if their geographic ranges contained high proportions of degraded forest than if their ranges contained lower proportions of forest cover but of high quality. Our work suggests that biodiversity conservation policies to preserve forest integrity are now urgently required alongside ongoing efforts to halt deforestation in the hyperdiverse humid tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Pillay
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hansen
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Patrick A Jantz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jose Aragon-Osejo
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dolors Armenteras
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Patrick Burns
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jamison Ervin
- United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brooke A Williams
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Phillips H, Cameron E, Eisenhauer N. Illuminating biodiversity changes in the ‘Black Box’. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e87143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is often described as a ‘black box’, as surprisingly little is known about the high levels of biodiversity that reside there. For aboveground organisms, we have good knowledge of the distribution of the species and how they might change under future human impacts. Yet despite the fact that soil organisms provide a wide variety of ecosystem functions, we have very limited knowledge of their distribution and how their diversity might change in the future. In order to create accurate and generalisable models of biodiversity, the underlying data need to be representative of the entire globe. Yet even with our recently compiled global earthworm dataset of over 11000 sites, there are gaps across large regions. These gaps are consistent across many other datasets of both above- and belowground diversity. In order to fill the gaps we propose a sampling network (SoilFaUNa), to create a comprehensive database of soil macrofauna diversity and soil functions (e.g. decomposition rates). Building on the existing dataset of earthworm diversity and early data from the SoilFaUNa project, we will investigate changes in earthworm diversity. From our current work, we know that both climate and land use are main drivers in predicting earthworm diversity, but both will change under future scenarios and may alter ecosystem functions. We will, using space-for-time substitution models, estimate how earthworm diversity and their functions might change in the future, modelling earthworm diversity as a function of climate, land use and soil properties and predicting based on future scenarios. Previous studies of aboveground diversity changes over time using time-series analysis have found no-net-loss in richness, but analyses have criticisms. We aim to use time-series data on earthworms to move this debate forward, by using data and statistical methods that would address the criticisms, whilst increasing our knowledge on this understudied soil group. Field experiments and micro-/mesocosm experiments have been used to investigate the link between a number of soil organisms and ecosystem functions under few environmental conditions. Meta-analyses, which can produce generalisable results can only answer questions for which there are data. Thus, we have been lacking on information on the link between the entire community of soil fauna and ecosystem functions and impact of changes to the soil fauna community across environmental contexts. Using data collected from the SoilFaUNa project, we will, for the first time, synthesise globally distributed specifically-sampled data to model how changes in the community composition of soil macrofauna (due to changes in land use, climate or soil properties) impact the ecosystem functions in the soil.
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7
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Viteri MC, Hadly EA. Spatiotemporal impacts of the Anthropocene on small mammal communities, and the role of small biological preserves in maintaining biodiversity. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.916239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-faceted impacts of the Anthropocene are increasingly modifying natural ecosystems and threatening biodiversity. Can small protected spaces conserve small mammal diversity across spatial and temporal scales of human impact? We identified small mammal remains from modern raptor pellets and Holocene archeological sites along a human modification gradient in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA and evaluated alpha and beta diversity across sites and time periods. We found that Shannon diversity, standardized species richness, and evenness decrease across modern sites based on level of human modification, with no corresponding change between Holocene sites. Additionally, the alpha diversity of modern sites with moderate and high levels of human modification was significantly lower than the diversity of modern sites with low levels of human modification as well as all Holocene sites. On the other hand, the small mammal communities from Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, a small protected area, retain Holocene levels of alpha diversity. Jasper Ridge has also changed less over time in terms of overall community composition (beta diversity) than more modified sites. Despite this, Holocene and Anthropocene communities are distinct regardless of study area. Our results suggest that small mammal communities today are fundamentally different from even a few centuries ago, but that even relatively small protected spaces can partially conserve native faunal communities, highlighting their important role in urban conservation.
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9
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Simler-Williamson AB, Germino MJ. Statistical considerations of nonrandom treatment applications reveal region-wide benefits of widespread post-fire restoration action. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3472. [PMID: 35710763 PMCID: PMC9203498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate predictions of ecological restoration outcomes are needed across the increasingly large landscapes requiring treatment following disturbances. However, observational studies often fail to account for nonrandom treatment application, which can result in invalid inference. Examining a spatiotemporally extensive management treatment involving post-fire seeding of declining sagebrush shrubs across semiarid areas of the western USA over two decades, we quantify drivers and consequences of selection biases in restoration using remotely sensed data. From following more than 1,500 wildfires, we find treatments were disproportionately applied in more stressful, degraded ecological conditions. Failure to incorporate unmeasured drivers of treatment allocation led to the conclusion that costly, widespread seedings were unsuccessful; however, after considering sources of bias, restoration positively affected sagebrush recovery. Treatment effects varied with climate, indicating prioritization criteria for interventions. Our findings revise the perspective that post-fire sagebrush seedings have been broadly unsuccessful and demonstrate how selection biases can pose substantive inferential hazards in observational studies of restoration efficacy and the development of restoration theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Simler-Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 W University Dr, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 230 N. Collins Rd., Boise, ID, 83702, USA.
| | - Matthew J Germino
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 230 N. Collins Rd., Boise, ID, 83702, USA
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10
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Rappaport DI, Swain A, Fagan WF, Dubayah R, Morton DC. Animal soundscapes reveal key markers of Amazon forest degradation from fire and logging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2102878119. [PMID: 35471905 PMCID: PMC9170030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102878119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Safeguarding tropical forest biodiversity requires solutions for monitoring ecosystem structure over time. In the Amazon, logging and fire reduce forest carbon stocks and alter habitat, but the long-term consequences for wildlife remain unclear, especially for lesser-known taxa. Here, we combined multiday acoustic surveys, airborne lidar, and satellite time series covering logged and burned forests (n = 39) in the southern Brazilian Amazon to identify acoustic markers of forest degradation. Our findings contradict expectations from the Acoustic Niche Hypothesis that animal communities in more degraded habitats occupy fewer “acoustic niches” defined by time and frequency. Instead, we found that aboveground biomass was not a consistent proxy for acoustic biodiversity due to the divergent patterns of “acoustic space occupancy” between logged and burned forests. Ecosystem soundscapes highlighted a stark, and sustained reorganization in acoustic community assembly after multiple fires; animal communication networks were quieter, more homogenous, and less acoustically integrated in forests burned multiple times than in logged or once-burned forests. These findings demonstrate strong biodiversity cobenefits from protecting burned Amazon forests from recurrent fire. By contrast, soundscape changes after logging were subtle and more consistent with acoustic community recovery than reassembly. In both logged and burned forests, insects were the dominant acoustic markers of degradation, particularly during midday and nighttime hours, which are not typically sampled by traditional biodiversity field surveys. The acoustic fingerprints of degradation history were conserved across replicate recording locations, indicating that soundscapes may offer a robust, taxonomically inclusive solution for digitally tracking changes in acoustic community composition over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshuman Swain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - William F. Fagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ralph Dubayah
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Douglas C. Morton
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
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11
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Montejo‐Kovacevich G, Marsh CJ, Smith SH, Peres CA, Edwards DP. Riparian reserves protect butterfly communities in selectively logged tropical forest. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles J. Marsh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Sophie H. Smith
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - David P. Edwards
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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12
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Andreia Dos Santos J, Barbosa Silva C, Soares de Santana H, Cano-Barbacil C, Agostinho AA, Normando FT, Cabeza JR, Roland F, García-Berthou E. Assessing the short-term response of fish assemblages to damming of an Amazonian river. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114571. [PMID: 35085970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enormous biodiversity of tropical freshwater combined with a considerable increase in the construction of reservoirs urges to understand the ecological effects caused by damming. Using rarely available data obtained before (one year) and after (four years) the filling of a hydroelectric plant on the Teles Pires River (Amazon River basin), the effects on abundance, biomass, and diversity of the fish assemblage were evaluated using two complementary approaches: a BACI (before-after-control-impact) design with mixed models and analyses of covariance. Significant Before-After × Control-Impact interactions in abundance, biomass, and species richness were observed, with decreases of abundance and species richness and more stable biomass after filling. Some abundant species, such as Jupiaba polylepis, Jupiaba acanthogaster, Knodus cf. heteresthes, and Moenkhausia lepidura among others, declined in abundance or disappeared from the impact sites. However, temporal and particularly spatial variation independent of damming explained more variation in all the response variables analyzed, including species composition, and analyses of covariance demonstrated general negative trends irrespective of damming. This study illustrates the usefulness of BACI designs to assess the effects of damming but also that other statistical approaches are complementary, given the difficulty of identifying control sites and the short length of most ecological time series. The results also suggest that preserving tributaries upstream of reservoirs and natural regimes of spatial and temporal environmental variation might help to mitigate the impacts of damming in tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Andreia Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Camila Barbosa Silva
- Bios Consultoria e Serviços Ambientais Ltda, Rua José Claudino, 318A, Bairro Centro, CEP: 37200-222, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Setor de Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Herick Soares de Santana
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Águas Lindas de Goiás, R. 21 - Jardim Querência, CEP 72910-733, Águas Lindas de Goiás, GO, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Cano-Barbacil
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Angelo Antonio Agostinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais - PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Talin Normando
- Bios Consultoria e Serviços Ambientais Ltda, Rua José Claudino, 318A, Bairro Centro, CEP: 37200-222, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - João Rodrigo Cabeza
- Usina Hidrelétrica de Teles Pires (CHTP), Margem Direita Do rio Teles Pires, Zona Rural, S/N, 68195-000, Jacareacanga, PA, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Roland
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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13
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Cepic M, Bechtold U, Wilfing H. Modelling human influences on biodiversity at a global scale–A human ecology perspective. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Davison CW, Rahbek C, Morueta-Holme N. Land-use change and biodiversity: Challenges for assembling evidence on the greatest threat to nature. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5414-5429. [PMID: 34392585 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to nature, having caused worldwide declines in the abundance, diversity, and health of species and ecosystems. Despite increasing research on this global change driver, there are still challenges to forming an effective synthesis. The estimated impact of land-use change on biodiversity can depend on location, research methods, and taxonomic focus, with recent global meta-analyses reaching disparate conclusions. Here, we critically appraise this research body and our ability to reach a reliable consensus. We employ named entity recognition to analyze more than 4000 abstracts, alongside full reading of 100 randomly selected papers. We highlight the broad range of study designs and methodologies used; the most common being local space-for-time comparisons that classify land use in situ. Species metrics including abundance, distribution, and diversity were measured more frequently than complex responses such as demography, vital rates, and behavior. We identified taxonomic biases, with vertebrates well represented while detritivores were largely missing. Omitting this group may hinder our understanding of how land-use change affects ecosystem feedback. Research was heavily biased toward temperate forested biomes in North America and Europe, with warmer regions being acutely underrepresented despite offering potential insights into the future effects of land-use change under novel climates. Various land-use histories were covered, although more research in understudied regions including Africa and the Middle East is required to capture regional differences in the form of current and historical land-use practices. Failure to address these challenges will impede our global understanding of land-use change impacts on biodiversity, limit the reliability of future projections and have repercussions for the conservation of threatened species. Beyond identifying literature biases, we highlight the research priorities and data gaps that need urgent attention and offer perspectives on how to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Davison
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Castro AB, Bobrowiec PED, Castro SJ, Rodrigues LRR, Fadini RF. Influence of reduced‐impact logging on Central Amazonian bats using a before‐after‐control‐impact design. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Castro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
| | - P. E. D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - S. J. Castro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
| | - L. R. R. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
| | - R. F. Fadini
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
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16
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Buckley HL, Day NJ, Case BS, Lear G. Measuring change in biological communities: multivariate analysis approaches for temporal datasets with low sample size. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11096. [PMID: 33889442 PMCID: PMC8038644 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and robust ways to describe, quantify, analyse, and test for change in the structure of biological communities over time are essential if ecological research is to contribute substantively towards understanding and managing responses to ongoing environmental changes. Structural changes reflect population dynamics, changes in biomass and relative abundances of taxa, and colonisation and extinction events observed in samples collected through time. Most previous studies of temporal changes in the multivariate datasets that characterise biological communities are based on short time series that are not amenable to data-hungry methods such as multivariate generalised linear models. Here, we present a roadmap for the analysis of temporal change in short-time-series, multivariate, ecological datasets. We discuss appropriate methods and important considerations for using them such as sample size, assumptions, and statistical power. We illustrate these methods with four case-studies analysed using the R data analysis environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Buckley
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola J. Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bradley S. Case
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Noriega JA, Santos AMC, Calatayud J, Chozas S, Hortal J. Short- and long-term temporal changes in the assemblage structure of Amazonian dung beetles. Oecologia 2021; 195:719-736. [PMID: 33569745 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Species diversity varies in space and time. Temporal changes in the structure and dynamics of communities can occur at different scales. We investigated the temporal changes of dung beetle assemblages in the Amazonian region along seasons, years, and successional stages. We evaluated if assemblage structure changes between temporal scales and whether such changes affect the functional structure of communities. To achieve these goals, we sampled dung beetles using linear transects of baited pitfall traps during the dry and rainy seasons at two natural reserves in the Amazon region, each representing different time scales: one covering successional variations (80, 30, 5, and 1 years of recovery from logging) and the other one encompassing three consecutive years at two successional stages (20 and 10 years from logging). We used Generalized Linear Models to analyze interannual and successional changes in diversity, described assemblage structure with a NMDS, and examined compositional variation by partitioning beta diversity into its nestedness and turnover components. Abundance and richness decrease from the rainy to the dry season and towards earlier successional stages but do not differ between years. Assemblage diversity changes differently in interannual and successional scales. During succession, dung beetle assemblages change drastically, following a nested structure due to the appearance of species and functional groups in later successional stages. In contrast, functional group composition does not show consistent changes between years, displaying a turnover structure. This pattern supports non-deterministic changes in dung beetle assemblage structure along forest succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ari Noriega
- Departament of Biogeography & Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratory of Zoology and Aquatic Ecology - LAZOEA, University of los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ana M C Santos
- Global Change Ecology & Evolution (GLOCEE) Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Departament of Biogeography & Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n., 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Chozas
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Departament of Biogeography & Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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A research framework for projecting ecosystem change in highly diverse tropical mountain ecosystems. Oecologia 2021; 195:589-600. [PMID: 33515062 PMCID: PMC7940296 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tropical mountain ecosystems are threatened by climate and land-use changes. Their diversity and complexity make projections how they respond to environmental changes challenging. A suitable way are trait-based approaches, by distinguishing between response traits that determine the resistance of species to environmental changes and effect traits that are relevant for species' interactions, biotic processes, and ecosystem functions. The combination of those approaches with land surface models (LSM) linking the functional community composition to ecosystem functions provides new ways to project the response of ecosystems to environmental changes. With the interdisciplinary project RESPECT, we propose a research framework that uses a trait-based response-effect-framework (REF) to quantify relationships between abiotic conditions, the diversity of functional traits in communities, and associated biotic processes, informing a biodiversity-LSM. We apply the framework to a megadiverse tropical mountain forest. We use a plot design along an elevation and a land-use gradient to collect data on abiotic drivers, functional traits, and biotic processes. We integrate these data to build the biodiversity-LSM and illustrate how to test the model. REF results show that aboveground biomass production is not directly related to changing climatic conditions, but indirectly through associated changes in functional traits. Herbivory is directly related to changing abiotic conditions. The biodiversity-LSM informed by local functional trait and soil data improved the simulation of biomass production substantially. We conclude that local data, also derived from previous projects (platform Ecuador), are key elements of the research framework. We specify essential datasets to apply this framework to other mountain ecosystems.
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19
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Correa CMA, Puker A, Abot AR. Impacts of Exotic Pasture Establishment on Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in the Brazilian Cerrado. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1335-1344. [PMID: 33159442 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian Cerrado is the second largest Neotropical biome and an important hotspot of biodiversity. However, land use change in this ecosystem is producing landscapes with modified natural environments and anthropogenic environments, such as exotic pastures. In this study, we evaluated how conversion of native Cerrado vegetation to exotic pastures affects the dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). We sampled dung beetles in four areas of Cerrado (sensu stricto) and in four areas of exotic pastures (Urochloa spp.) in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In all, 7,544 individuals from 43 species of dung beetles were collected, and 19 species were found in both the Cerrado and exotic pastures. The abundance and species richness of dung beetles were higher in Cerrado remnants. Species composition differed between Cerrado and exotic pastures, where 11 species were classified as specialists of Cerrado, 10 species were considered specialists of exotic pastures, and 6 species were habitat generalists. Roller beetles were most negatively affected by exotic pasture establishment. We demonstrated that exotic pasture establishment has a negative impact on dung beetle assemblages in Brazilian Cerrado. The decline in abundance and richness of roller beetles has important implications for the understanding of ecosystem functioning because it can reduce the ecological functions performed by dung beetle assemblages in exotic pastures. Finally, the high number of dung beetle species shared between Cerrado and exotic pastures suggests that the Cerrado remnants is a fundamental requirement for the conservation of biodiversity of dung beetles in exotic pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- César M A Correa
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson Puker
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Colorado do Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alfredo R Abot
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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20
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Ferreira KR, Puker A, Correa CMA. The Attraction of Amazonian Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) to the Feces of Omnivorous Mammals Is Dependent on Their Diet: Implications for Ecological Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1383-1392. [PMID: 32960219 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The immense sampling effort used in ecological research on dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) has required large amounts of human feces to conduct experiments in the field. Thus, the amount of human feces available can be an important limiting factor for research. Therefore, dung from large omnivorous mammals, such as pig, has been used to reduce this limitation. Here, we evaluated how the type of diet can influence the attractiveness of omnivorous-mammal feces to Amazonian dung beetles. We sampled dung beetles in 10 fragments of Amazon rainforest in July 2018 (dry season) and March 2019 (rainy season), using pitfall traps baited with swill pig dung (household waste-based diet), grain pig dung (maize+soybean-based diet), and human feces (control) in Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In all, 2,080 individuals from 51 species of dung beetles were collected. Between the pig dung evaluated, higher total abundance and species richness was captured with grain pig dung. However, the species composition and community structure were similar between pig dung types. Additionally, grain pig dung captured total species richness, species composition, and structure similar to that for human feces. Thus, although grain pig dung did not sample total abundance similar to human feces, this type of dung can be efficient for an accurate survey of the total species richness, species composition, and structure of dung beetles in the Amazon rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleyton R Ferreira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Anderson Puker
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - César M A Correa
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Christie AP, Abecasis D, Adjeroud M, Alonso JC, Amano T, Anton A, Baldigo BP, Barrientos R, Bicknell JE, Buhl DA, Cebrian J, Ceia RS, Cibils-Martina L, Clarke S, Claudet J, Craig MD, Davoult D, De Backer A, Donovan MK, Eddy TD, França FM, Gardner JPA, Harris BP, Huusko A, Jones IL, Kelaher BP, Kotiaho JS, López-Baucells A, Major HL, Mäki-Petäys A, Martín B, Martín CA, Martin PA, Mateos-Molina D, McConnaughey RA, Meroni M, Meyer CFJ, Mills K, Montefalcone M, Noreika N, Palacín C, Pande A, Pitcher CR, Ponce C, Rinella M, Rocha R, Ruiz-Delgado MC, Schmitter-Soto JJ, Shaffer JA, Sharma S, Sher AA, Stagnol D, Stanley TR, Stokesbury KDE, Torres A, Tully O, Vehanen T, Watts C, Zhao Q, Sutherland WJ. Quantifying and addressing the prevalence and bias of study designs in the environmental and social sciences. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6377. [PMID: 33311448 PMCID: PMC7733498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs that vary in their risk of bias to evaluate the true effect of interventions or impacts. Here, we empirically quantify, on a large scale, the prevalence of different study designs and the magnitude of bias in their estimates. Randomised designs and controlled observational designs with pre-intervention sampling were used by just 23% of intervention studies in biodiversity conservation, and 36% of intervention studies in social science. We demonstrate, through pairwise within-study comparisons across 49 environmental datasets, that these types of designs usually give less biased estimates than simpler observational designs. We propose a model-based approach to combine study estimates that may suffer from different levels of study design bias, discuss the implications for evidence synthesis, and how to facilitate the use of more credible study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec P Christie
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK.
| | - David Abecasis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 9220 ENTROPIE & Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Juan C Alonso
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Alvaro Anton
- Education Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Barry P Baldigo
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Rd., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Rafael Barrientos
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jake E Bicknell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Deborah A Buhl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Just Cebrian
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
| | - Ricardo S Ceia
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dept. Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Dept. Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciana Cibils-Martina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michael D Craig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, F.29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Annelies De Backer
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Ankerstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Mary K Donovan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Filipe M França
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bradley P Harris
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, 4101 University Dr., Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Ari Huusko
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Manamansalontie 90, 88300, Paltamo, Finland
| | - Ian L Jones
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 2R3, Canada
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, 2450, Australia
| | - Janne S Kotiaho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- Granollers Museum of Natural History, Granollers, Spain
| | - Heather L Major
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 5050, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Aki Mäki-Petäys
- Voimalohi Oy, Voimatie 23, Voimatie, 91100, Ii, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Beatriz Martín
- Fundación Migres CIMA Ctra, Cádiz, Spain
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section Paris 07, Paris, France
| | - Carlos A Martín
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip A Martin
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK
| | - Daniel Mateos-Molina
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Robert A McConnaughey
- RACE Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Kade Mills
- Victorian National Park Association, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica Montefalcone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Norbertas Noreika
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos Palacín
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anjali Pande
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- Biosecurity New Zealand - Tiakitanga Pūtaiao Aotearoa, Ministry for Primary Industries - Manatū Ahu Matua, 66 Ward St, PO Box 40742, Wallaceville, New Zealand
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Roland Pitcher
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, ST. LUCIA QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Carlos Ponce
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matt Rinella
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, Montana, 59301, USA
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - María C Ruiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jill A Shaffer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12233-4756, USA
| | - Anna A Sher
- University of Denver Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Doriane Stagnol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, F.29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas R Stanley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kevin D E Stokesbury
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Aurora Torres
- Georges Lemaître Earth and Climate Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Oliver Tully
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Teppo Vehanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corinne Watts
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand
| | - Qingyuan Zhao
- Statistical Laboratory, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK
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22
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Ashby MA, Heinemeyer A. Prescribed burning impacts on ecosystem services in the British uplands: A methodological critique of the EMBER project. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Ashby
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Andreas Heinemeyer
- Department of Environment and Geography Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York York UK
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23
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Stouffer PC, Jirinec V, Rutt CL, Bierregaard RO, Hernández-Palma A, Johnson EI, Midway SR, Powell LL, Wolfe JD, Lovejoy TE. Long-term change in the avifauna of undisturbed Amazonian rainforest: ground-foraging birds disappear and the baseline shifts. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:186-195. [PMID: 33103837 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
How are rainforest birds faring in the Anthropocene? We use bird captures spanning > 35 years from 55 sites within a vast area of intact Amazonian rainforest to reveal reduced abundance of terrestrial and near-ground insectivores in the absence of deforestation, edge effects or other direct anthropogenic landscape change. Because undisturbed forest includes far fewer terrestrial and near-ground insectivores than it did historically, today's fragments and second growth are more impoverished than shown by comparisons with modern 'control' sites. Any goals for bird community recovery in Amazonian second growth should recognise that a modern bird community will inevitably differ from a baseline from > 35 years ago. Abundance patterns driven by landscape change may be the most conspicuous manifestation of human activity, but biodiversity declines in undisturbed forest represent hidden losses, possibly driven by climate change, that may be pervasive in intact Amazonian forests and other systems considered to be undisturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Stouffer
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil
| | - Vitek Jirinec
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil
| | - Cameron L Rutt
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil.,Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Richard O Bierregaard
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil
| | - Angélica Hernández-Palma
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Erik I Johnson
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil.,National Audubon Society, 5615 Corporate Blvd. #600b, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Stephen R Midway
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Luke L Powell
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil.,School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jared D Wolfe
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil.,College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Thomas E Lovejoy
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030-4444, USA
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24
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Moreira LFB, Castilhos HZ, Castroviejo‐Fisher S. Something is not quite right: Effects of two land uses on anuran diversity in subtropical grasslands. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Felipe Bairos Moreira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências UFMT—Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá Brazil
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25
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Josefsson J, Hiron M, Arlt D, Auffret AG, Berg Å, Chevalier M, Glimskär A, Hartman G, Kačergytė I, Klein J, Knape J, Laugen AT, Low M, Paquet M, Pasanen‐Mortensen M, Rosin ZM, Rubene D, Żmihorski M, Pärt T. Improving scientific rigour in conservation evaluations and a plea deal for transparency on potential biases. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Josefsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matthew Hiron
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Debora Arlt
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alistair G. Auffret
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Åke Berg
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mathieu Chevalier
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anders Glimskär
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Göran Hartman
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ineta Kačergytė
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jonas Knape
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ane T. Laugen
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences, Centre for Coastal Research University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matthieu Paquet
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marianne Pasanen‐Mortensen
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zuzanna M. Rosin
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Cell Biology Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Umultowska Poznań Poland
| | - Diana Rubene
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Crop Production Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michał Żmihorski
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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26
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França FM, Ferreira J, Vaz‐de‐Mello FZ, Maia LF, Berenguer E, Ferraz Palmeira A, Fadini R, Louzada J, Braga R, Hugo Oliveira V, Barlow J. El Niño impacts on human‐modified tropical forests: Consequences for dung beetle diversity and associated ecological processes. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. França
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Belém Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Belém Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Brazil
| | | | - Laís F. Maia
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Rodrigo Fadini
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Brazil
| | - Júlio Louzada
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Braga
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Brazil
- Unidade Divinópolis Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais Divinópolis Brazil
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Brazil
- MCT/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brazil
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27
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Milheiras SG, Guedes M, Augusto Barbosa Silva F, Aparício P, Mace GM. Patterns of biodiversity response along a gradient of forest use in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8486. [PMID: 32095341 PMCID: PMC7020811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of tropical forests is increasingly at risk, including forests located within human-modified landscapes that retain high conservation value. People modify and interact with these landscapes through a wide range of uses. However, our knowledge of how different forest uses affect biodiversity is limited. Here, we analyse the responses of different taxa to four distinct categories of forest management, namely old-growth forest, Brazil nut extraction areas, reduced impact logging areas, and eucalyptus plantations. Within six independent replicates of each category, we sampled three taxa (fruit-feeding butterflies, dung beetles, and trees) in eastern Amazonia. Forests under moderate use (Brazil nut extraction and reduced-impact logging) had similar, albeit slightly lower, diversity levels relative to old-growth forests, while communities in plantations were significantly less diverse. Only 4%, 20%, and 17%, of the sampled butterfly, dung beetle, and tree species, respectively, were restricted to old-growth forests. This study provides further empirical evidence of the importance of old-growth forest conservation in the context of human-modified landscapes. It also suggests that landscape matrices integrating forest uses at varying intensities are well positioned to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the production of goods that support local livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio G Milheiras
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Elias F, Ferreira J, Lennox GD, Berenguer E, Ferreira S, Schwartz G, Melo LDO, Reis Júnior DN, Nascimento RO, Ferreira FN, Espirito-Santo F, Smith CC, Barlow J. Assessing the growth and climate sensitivity of secondary forests in highly deforested Amazonian landscapes. Ecology 2020; 101:e02954. [PMID: 31840235 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forests hold 30% of Earth's terrestrial carbon and at least 60% of its terrestrial biodiversity, but forest loss and degradation are jeopardizing these ecosystems. Although the regrowth of secondary forests has the potential to offset some of the losses of carbon and biodiversity, it remains unclear if secondary regeneration will be affected by climate changes such as higher temperatures and more frequent extreme droughts. We used a data set of 10 repeated forest inventories spanning two decades (1999-2017) to investigate carbon and tree species recovery and how climate and landscape context influence carbon dynamics in an older secondary forest located in one of the oldest post-Columbian agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. Carbon accumulation averaged 1.08 Mg·ha-1 ·yr-1 , and species richness was effectively constant over the studied period. Moreover, we provide evidence that secondary forests are vulnerable to drought stress: Carbon balance and growth rates were lower in drier periods. This contrasts with drought responses in primary forests, where changes in carbon dynamics are driven by increased stem mortality. These results highlight an important climate change-vegetation feedback, whereby the increasing dry-season lengths being observed across parts of Amazonia may reduce the effectiveness of secondary forests in sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change. In addition, the current rate of forest regrowth in this region was low compared with previous pan-tropical and Amazonian assessments-our secondary forests reached just 41.1% of the average carbon and 56% of the tree diversity in the nearest primary forests-suggesting that these areas are unlikely to return to their original levels on politically meaningful time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Elias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.,Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Gareth D Lennox
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.,Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | | | | | | | - Denilson N Reis Júnior
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Pará, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Espirito-Santo
- Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, Leicester Institute of Space and Earth Observation, School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Charlotte C Smith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.,Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
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29
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Zografou K, Grill A, Wilson RJ, Halley JM, Adamidis GC, Kati V. Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space-for-time substitution. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:928-939. [PMID: 32015855 PMCID: PMC6988524 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferring species' responses to climate change in the absence of long-term time series data is a challenge, but can be achieved by substituting space for time. For example, thermal elevational gradients represent suitable proxies to study phenological responses to warming. We used butterfly data from two Mediterranean mountain areas to test whether mean dates of appearance of communities and individual species show a delay with increasing altitude, and an accompanying shortening in the duration of flight periods. We found a 14-day delay in the mean date of appearance per kilometer increase in altitude for butterfly communities overall, and an average 23-day shift for 26 selected species, alongside average summer temperature lapse rates of 3°C per km. At higher elevations, there was a shortening of the flight period for the community of 3 days/km, with an 8.8-day average decline per km for individual species. Rates of phenological delay differed significantly between the two mountain ranges, although this did not seem to result from the respective temperature lapse rates. These results suggest that climate warming could lead to advanced and lengthened flight periods for Mediterranean mountain butterfly communities. However, although multivoltine species showed the expected response of delayed and shortened flight periods at higher elevations, univoltine species showed more pronounced delays in terms of species appearance. Hence, while projections of overall community responses to climate change may benefit from space-for-time substitutions, understanding species-specific responses to local features of habitat and climate may be needed to accurately predict the effects of climate change on phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Zografou
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Biological Applications and TechnologyUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | - Andrea Grill
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - John M. Halley
- Department of Biological Applications and TechnologyUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | | | - Vassiliki Kati
- Department of Biological Applications and TechnologyUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
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30
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Christie AP, Amano T, Martin PA, Shackelford GE, Simmons BI, Sutherland WJ. Simple study designs in ecology produce inaccurate estimates of biodiversity responses. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec P. Christie
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Philip A. Martin
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- BioRISC St Catharine’s College Cambridge UK
| | - Gorm E. Shackelford
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- BioRISC St Catharine’s College Cambridge UK
| | - Benno I. Simmons
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- BioRISC St Catharine’s College Cambridge UK
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31
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Beckmann M, Gerstner K, Akin-Fajiye M, Ceaușu S, Kambach S, Kinlock NL, Phillips HRP, Verhagen W, Gurevitch J, Klotz S, Newbold T, Verburg PH, Winter M, Seppelt R. Conventional land-use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1941-1956. [PMID: 30964578 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most current research on land-use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or to boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of intensification on biodiversity and yield. To determine the responses of species richness and yield to conventional intensification, we conducted a global meta-analysis synthesizing 115 studies which collected data for both variables at the same locations. We extracted 449 cases that cover a variety of areas used for agricultural (crops, fodder) and silvicultural (wood) production. We found that, across all production systems and species groups, conventional intensification is successful in increasing yield (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results in a loss of species richness (-8.9%). However, analysis of sub-groups revealed inconsistent results. For example, small intensification steps within low intensity systems did not affect yield or species richness. Within high-intensity systems species losses were non-significant but yield gains were substantial (+15.2%). Conventional intensification within medium intensity systems revealed the highest yield increase (+84.9%) and showed the largest loss in species richness (-22.9%). Production systems differed in their magnitude of richness response, with insignificant changes in silvicultural systems and substantial losses in crop systems (-21.2%). In addition, this meta-analysis identifies a lack of studies that collect robust biodiversity (i.e. beyond species richness) and yield data at the same sites and that provide quantitative information on land-use intensity. Our findings suggest that, in many cases, conventional land-use intensification drives a trade-off between species richness and production. However, species richness losses were often not significantly different from zero, suggesting even conventional intensification can result in yield increases without coming at the expense of biodiversity loss. These results should guide future research to close existing research gaps and to understand the circumstances required to achieve such win-win or win-no-harm situations in conventional agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beckmann
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Gerstner
- iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Ceaușu
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stephan Kambach
- iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum London, United Kingdom
| | - Willem Verhagen
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Newbold
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Winter
- iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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32
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Franco ALC, Sobral BW, Silva ALC, Wall DH. Amazonian deforestation and soil biodiversity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:590-600. [PMID: 30306643 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clearance and perturbation of Amazonian forests are one of the greatest threats to tropical biodiversity conservation of our times. A better understanding of how soil communities respond to Amazonian deforestation is crucially needed to inform policy interventions that effectively protect biodiversity and the essential ecosystem services it provides. We assessed the impact of deforestation and ecosystem conversion to arable land on Amazonian soil biodiversity through a meta-analysis. We analyzed 274 pairwise comparisons of soil biodiversity in Amazonian primary forests and sites under different stages of deforestation and land-use conversion: disturbed (wildfire and selective logging) and slash-and-burnt forests, pastures, and cropping systems. Overall, 60% and 51% of responses of soil macrofauna and microbial community attributes (i.e., abundance, biomass, richness, and diversity indexes) to deforestation were negative, respectively. We found few studies on mesofauna (e.g., microarthropods) and microfauna (e.g., protozoa and nematodes), so those groups could not be analyzed. Macrofauna abundance and biomass were more vulnerable to the displacement of forests by pastures than by agricultural fields, whereas microbes showed the opposite pattern. Effects of Amazonian deforestation on macrofauna were more detrimental at sites with mean annual precipitation >1900 mm, and higher losses of microbes occurred in highly acidic soils (pH < 4.5). Limited geographic coverage, omission of meso- and microfauna, and low taxonomic resolution were main factors impairing generalizations from the data set. Few studies assessed the impacts of within-forest disturbance (wildfires and selective logging) on soil species in Amazonia, where logging operations rapidly expand across public lands and more frequent severe dry seasons are increasing the prevalence of wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L C Franco
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1878 Biology, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, U.S.A
| | - Bruno W Sobral
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology & One Health Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, U.S.A
| | - Artur L C Silva
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Diana H Wall
- Department of Biology & School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, U.S.A
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33
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Bartomeus I, Stavert JR, Ward D, Aguado O. Historical collections as a tool for assessing the global pollination crisis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:rstb.2017.0389. [PMID: 30455207 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the decline of pollinators worldwide. However, despite reports that pollinator declines are widespread, data are scarce and often geographically and taxonomically biased. These biases limit robust inference about any potential pollinator crisis. Non-structured and opportunistic historical specimen collection data provide the only source of historical information which can serve as a baseline for identifying pollinator declines. Specimens historically collected and preserved in museums not only provide information on where and when species were collected, but also contain other ecological information such as species interactions and morphological traits. Here, we provide a synthesis of how researchers have used historical data to identify long-term changes in biodiversity, species abundances, morphology and pollination services. Despite recent advances, we show that information on the status and trends of most pollinators is absent. We highlight opportunities and limitations to progress the assessment of pollinator declines globally. Finally, we demonstrate different approaches to analysing museum collection data using two contrasting case studies from distinct geographical regions (New Zealand and Spain) for which long-term pollinator declines have never been assessed. There is immense potential for museum specimens to play a central role in assessing the extent of the global pollination crisis.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bartomeus
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J R Stavert
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D Ward
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - O Aguado
- Andrena Iniciativas y Estudios Medio Ambientales, Valladolid, Spain
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Richardson J, Miller C, Maberly SC, Taylor P, Globevnik L, Hunter P, Jeppesen E, Mischke U, Moe SJ, Pasztaleniec A, Søndergaard M, Carvalho L. Effects of multiple stressors on cyanobacteria abundance vary with lake type. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5044-5055. [PMID: 30005138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of cyanobacteria are a current threat to global water security that is expected to increase in the future because of increasing nutrient enrichment, increasing temperature and extreme precipitation in combination with prolonged drought. However, the responses to multiple stressors, such as those above, are often complex and there is contradictory evidence as to how they may interact. Here we used broad scale data from 494 lakes in central and northern Europe, to assess how cyanobacteria respond to nutrients (phosphorus), temperature and water retention time in different types of lakes. Eight lake types were examined based on factorial combinations of major factors that determine phytoplankton composition and sensitivity to nutrients: alkalinity (low and medium-high), colour (clear and humic) and mixing intensity (polymictic and stratified). In line with expectations, cyanobacteria increased with temperature and retention time in five of the eight lake types. Temperature effects were greatest in lake types situated at higher latitudes, suggesting that lakes currently not at risk could be affected by warming in the future. However, the sensitivity of cyanobacteria to temperature, retention time and phosphorus varied among lake types highlighting the complex responses of lakes to multiple stressors. For example, in polymictic, medium-high alkalinity, humic lakes cyanobacteria biovolume was positively explained by retention time and a synergy between TP and temperature, while in polymictic, medium-high alkalinity, clear lakes only retention time was identified as an explanatory variable. These results show that, although climate change will need to be accounted for when managing the risk of cyanobacteria in lakes, a "one-size fits-all" approach is not appropriate. When forecasting the response of cyanobacteria to future environmental change, including changes caused by climate and local management, it will be important to take this differential sensitivity of lakes into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Richardson
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Claire Miller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Hunter
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ute Mischke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
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35
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De Lombaerde E, Verheyen K, Perring MP, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Van Calster H, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Diekmann M, Durak T, Hédl R, Heinken T, Hommel P, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Macek M, Máliš F, Mitchell FJ, Naaf T, Newman M, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Świerkosz K, Vild O, Wulf M, Baeten L. Responses of competitive understorey species to spatial environmental gradients inaccurately explain temporal changes. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Taillie PJ, Burnett RD, Roberts LJ, Campos BR, Peterson MN, Moorman CE. Interacting and non‐linear avian responses to mixed‐severity wildfire and time since fire. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Taillie
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Ryan D. Burnett
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Lance Jay Roberts
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Brent R. Campos
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
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37
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Differences in macrobenthic faunal communities in mangrove wetland habitats (Zhanjiang, China) invaded and non-invaded by exotic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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38
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Leal CG, Barlow J, Gardner TA, Hughes RM, Leitão RP, Nally RM, Kaufmann PR, Ferraz SFB, Zuanon J, de Paula FR, Ferreira J, Thomson JR, Lennox GD, Dary EP, Röpke CP, Pompeu PS. Is environmental legislation conserving tropical stream faunas? A large-scale assessment of local, riparian and catchment-scale influences on Amazonian fish. J Appl Ecol 2018; 55:1312-1326. [PMID: 32831394 PMCID: PMC7433846 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and intensification are major threats to tropical biodiversity. In addition to the direct removal of native vegetation, agricultural expansion often elicits other human-induced disturbances, many of which are poorly addressed by existing environmental legislation and conservation programmes. This is particularly true for tropical freshwater systems, where there is considerable uncertainty about whether a legislative focus on protecting riparian vegetation is sufficient to conserve stream fauna.To assess the extent to which stream fish are being effectively conserved in agricultural landscapes, we examined the spatial distribution of assemblages in river basins to identify the relative importance of human impacts at instream, riparian and catchment scales, in shaping observed patterns. We used an extensive dataset on the ecological condition of 83 low-order streams distributed in three river basins in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.We collected and identified 24,420 individual fish from 134 species. Multiplicative diversity partitioning revealed high levels of compositional dissimilarity (DS) among stream sites (DS = 0.74 to 0.83) and river basins (DS = 0.82), due mainly to turnover (77.8% to 81.8%) rather than nestedness. The highly heterogeneous fish faunas in small Amazonian streams underscore the vital importance of enacting measures to protect forests on private lands outside of public protected areas.Instream habitat features explained more variability in fish assemblages (15%-19%) than riparian (2%-12%), catchment (4%-13%) or natural covariates (4%-11%). Although grouping species into functional guilds allowed us to explain up to 31% of their abundance (i.e. for nektonic herbivores), individual riparian - and catchment - scale predictor variables that are commonly a focus of environmental legislation explained very little of the observed variation (partial R2 values mostly <5%).Policy implications. Current rates of agricultural intensification and mechanization in tropical landscapes are unprecedented, yet the existing legislative frameworks focusing on protecting riparian vegetation seem insufficient to conserve stream environments and their fish assemblages. To safeguard the species-rich freshwater biota of small Amazonian streams, conservation actions must shift towards managing whole basins and drainage networks, as well as agricultural practices in already-cleared land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília G. Leal
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Fish Ecology Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rafael P. Leitão
- National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Institute for Applied Ecology, The University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Philip R. Kaufmann
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Silvio F. B. Ferraz
- Forest Hydrology Laboratory (LHF), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jansen Zuanon
- National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Felipe R. de Paula
- Forest Hydrology Laboratory (LHF), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - James R. Thomson
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Gareth D. Lennox
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Eurizângela P. Dary
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Cristhiana P. Röpke
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Institute of Biology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Pompeu
- Fish Ecology Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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39
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Cadotte MW, Campbell SE, Li SP, Sodhi DS, Mandrak NE. Preadaptation and Naturalization of Nonnative Species: Darwin's Two Fundamental Insights into Species Invasion. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:661-684. [PMID: 29489400 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Predicting which nonnative species become invasive is critical for their successful management, and Charles Darwin provided predictions based on species' relatedness. However, Darwin provided two opposing predictions about the relatedness of introduced nonnatives to indigenous species. First, environmental fit is the dominant factor determining invader success; thus, we should expect that invasive species are closely related to local native residents. Alternatively, if competition is important, we should expect successful invaders are distantly related to the native residents. These opposing expectations are referred to as Darwin's naturalization conundrum. The results of studies that examine nonnative species relatedness to natives are largely inconsistent. This inconsistency arises from the fact that studies occur at different spatial and temporal scales, and at different stages of invasion, and so implicitly examine different mechanisms. Further, while species have evolved ecological differences, the mode and tempo of evolution can affect species' differences, complicating the predictions from simple hypotheses. We outline unanswered questions and provide guidelines for collecting the data required to test competing hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Sara E Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Darwin S Sodhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas E Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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40
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La Sorte FA, Lepczyk CA, Aronson MFJ, Goddard MA, Hedblom M, Katti M, MacGregor‐Fors I, Mörtberg U, Nilon CH, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Yang J. The phylogenetic and functional diversity of regional breeding bird assemblages is reduced and constricted through urbanization. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myla F. J. Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Mark A. Goddard
- Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds UK
| | - Marcus Hedblom
- Department of Swedish Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Madhusudan Katti
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Chancellor's Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Ian MacGregor‐Fors
- Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Xalapa México
| | - Ulla Mörtberg
- Environmental Management and Assessment Research Group KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Charles H. Nilon
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - Paige S. Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | | | - Jun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China
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41
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Rocha R, Ovaskainen O, López-Baucells A, Farneda FZ, Sampaio EM, Bobrowiec PED, Cabeza M, Palmeirim JM, Meyer CFJ. Secondary forest regeneration benefits old-growth specialist bats in a fragmented tropical landscape. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3819. [PMID: 29491428 PMCID: PMC5830632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forest loss and fragmentation are due to increase in coming decades. Understanding how matrix dynamics, especially secondary forest regrowth, can lessen fragmentation impacts is key to understanding species persistence in modified landscapes. Here, we use a whole-ecosystem fragmentation experiment to investigate how bat assemblages are influenced by the regeneration of the secondary forest matrix. We surveyed bats in continuous forest, forest fragments and secondary forest matrix habitats, ~15 and ~30 years after forest clearance, to investigate temporal changes in the occupancy and abundance of old-growth specialist and habitat generalist species. The regeneration of the second growth matrix had overall positive effects on the occupancy and abundance of specialists across all sampled habitats. Conversely, effects on generalist species were negligible for forest fragments and negative for secondary forest. Our results show that the conservation potential of secondary forests for reverting faunal declines in fragmented tropical landscapes increases with secondary forest age and that old-growth specialists, which are often of most conservation concern, are the greatest beneficiaries of secondary forest maturation. Our findings emphasize that the transposition of patterns of biodiversity persistence in island ecosystems to fragmented terrestrial settings can be hampered by the dynamic nature of human-dominated landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil.
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, 08402, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Fábio Z Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Ecology/PPGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica M Sampaio
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paulo E D Bobrowiec
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
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42
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Correa CMA, Braga RF, Puker A, Abot AR, Korasaki V. Optimising Methods for Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Sampling in Brazilian Pastures. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:48-54. [PMID: 29293908 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dung beetles are globally used in ecological research and are useful for assessing the effects of anthropic and natural changes in environment on biodiversity. Here we investigate how the choice of baits (human feces, cattle dung, carrion or a combination of all three) and sampling season influence the taxonomic and functional diversity of insects captured in traps in Brazilian pastures. We sampled dung beetles in July 2011 (dry season) and January 2012 (rainy season) in eight areas: four pastures with native grasses (e.g., Andropogon spp. and Axonopus spp.) and four pastures with introduced grasses (Urochloa spp.) in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To collect the insects, we used pitfall traps baited with carrion, cattle dung and human feces. A total of 7,086 dung beetles of 32 species were captured. In both pasture types, only traps baited with human feces captured similar abundance, species richness, and functional diversity compared with the sum total of beetles captured by the three bait types. The species richness and functional diversity were higher in the rainy season in both pasture types. Our results demonstrate that using human feces alone as bait and sampling dung beetles in the rainy season are potentially sufficient to ensure the greatest number of functional traits, species, and individuals in both pasture types. Thus, the best sampling method observed in this study may be useful for studies focused on dung beetle fauna survey and rigorous comparison among studies on these insects in Brazilian pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- César M A Correa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Braga
- Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Puker
- Faculdades Integradas Aparício Carvalho (FIMCA), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Alfredo R Abot
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Entomologia, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanesca Korasaki
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Frutal, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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43
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Staude IR, Vélez-Martin E, Andrade BO, Podgaiski LR, Boldrini II, Mendonça M, Pillar VD, Overbeck GE. Local biodiversity erosion in south Brazilian grasslands under moderate levels of landscape habitat loss. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar R. Staude
- Graduate Program in Botany; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vélez-Martin
- Graduate Program in Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Bianca O. Andrade
- Graduate Program in Botany; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | | | - Ilsi I. Boldrini
- Graduate Program in Botany; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Botany; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Milton Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Graduate Program in Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Gerhard E. Overbeck
- Graduate Program in Botany; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Department of Botany; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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44
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Norris D, Michalski F, Gibbs JP. Beyond harm's reach? Submersion of river turtle nesting areas and implications for restoration actions after Amazon hydropower development. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4228. [PMID: 29333347 PMCID: PMC5764030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global expansion of energy demands combined with abundant rainfall, large water volumes and high flow in tropical rivers have led to an unprecedented expansion of dam constructions in the Amazon. This expansion generates an urgent need for refined approaches to river management; specifically a move away from decision-making governed by overly generalized guidelines. For the first time we quantify direct impacts of hydropower reservoir establishment on an Amazon fresh water turtle. We conducted surveys along 150 km of rivers upstream of a new dam construction during the low water months that correspond to the nesting season of Podocnemis unifilis in the study area. Comparison of nest-areas before (2011, 2015) and after (2016) reservoir filling show that reservoir impacts extend 13% beyond legally defined limits. The submerged nesting areas accounted for a total of 3.8 ha of nesting habitat that was inundated as a direct result of the reservoir filling in 2016. Our findings highlight limitations in the development and implementation of existing Brazilian environmental impact assessment process. We also propose potential ways to mitigate the negative impacts of dams on freshwater turtles and the Amazonian freshwater ecosystems they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Norris
- School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Michalski
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.,Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Gibbs
- Department of Forest and Environmental Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, NY, United States of America
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45
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De Palma A, Sanchez-Ortiz K, Martin PA, Chadwick A, Gilbert G, Bates AE, Börger L, Contu S, Hill SL, Purvis A. Challenges With Inferring How Land-Use Affects Terrestrial Biodiversity: Study Design, Time, Space and Synthesis. ADV ECOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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46
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Senior RA, Hill JK, González del Pliego P, Goode LK, Edwards DP. A pantropical analysis of the impacts of forest degradation and conversion on local temperature. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7897-7908. [PMID: 29043043 PMCID: PMC5632667 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a core component of a species' fundamental niche. At the fine scale over which most organisms experience climate (mm to ha), temperature depends upon the amount of radiation reaching the Earth's surface, which is principally governed by vegetation. Tropical regions have undergone widespread and extreme changes to vegetation, particularly through the degradation and conversion of rainforests. As most terrestrial biodiversity is in the tropics, and many of these species possess narrow thermal limits, it is important to identify local thermal impacts of rainforest degradation and conversion. We collected pantropical, site-level (<1 ha) temperature data from the literature to quantify impacts of land-use change on local temperatures, and to examine whether this relationship differed aboveground relative to belowground and between wet and dry seasons. We found that local temperature in our sample sites was higher than primary forest in all human-impacted land-use types (N = 113,894 daytime temperature measurements from 25 studies). Warming was pronounced following conversion of forest to agricultural land (minimum +1.6°C, maximum +13.6°C), but minimal and nonsignificant when compared to forest degradation (e.g., by selective logging; minimum +1°C, maximum +1.1°C). The effect was buffered belowground (minimum buffering 0°C, maximum buffering 11.4°C), whereas seasonality had minimal impact (maximum buffering 1.9°C). We conclude that forest-dependent species that persist following conversion of rainforest have experienced substantial local warming. Deforestation pushes these species closer to their thermal limits, making it more likely that compounding effects of future perturbations, such as severe droughts and global warming, will exceed species' tolerances. By contrast, degraded forests and belowground habitats may provide important refugia for thermally restricted species in landscapes dominated by agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Senior
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny BuildingUniversity of Sheffield, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Department of BiologyUniversity of York, Wentworth WayYorkUK
| | - Pamela González del Pliego
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny BuildingUniversity of Sheffield, Western BankSheffieldUK
| | - Laurel K. Goode
- Department of Human Services and Oregon Health AuthoritySalemORUSA
| | - David P. Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny BuildingUniversity of Sheffield, Western BankSheffieldUK
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47
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Srivathsa A, Puri M, Kumar NS, Jathanna D, Karanth KU. Substituting space for time: Empirical evaluation of spatial replication as a surrogate for temporal replication in occupancy modelling. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Srivathsa
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program; Bengaluru India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies; Bengaluru India
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Mahi Puri
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program; Bengaluru India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies; Bengaluru India
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Narayanarao Samba Kumar
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program; Bengaluru India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies; Bengaluru India
| | | | - Kota Ullas Karanth
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program; Bengaluru India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies; Bengaluru India
- Wildlife Conservation Society; Global Conservation Program; New York NY USA
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Bengaluru India
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Phillips HRP, Newbold T, Purvis A. Land-use effects on local biodiversity in tropical forests vary between continents. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2017; 26:2251-2270. [PMID: 32025108 PMCID: PMC6979682 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-017-1356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, especially in the tropics where secondary and plantation forests are expanding while primary forest is declining. Understanding how well these disturbed habitats maintain biodiversity is therefore important-specifically how the maturity of secondary forest and the management intensity of plantation forest affect levels of biodiversity. Previous studies have shown that the biotas of different continents respond differently to land use. Any continental differences in the response could be due to differences in land-use intensity and maturity of secondary vegetation or to differences among species in their sensitivity to disturbances. We tested these hypotheses using an extensive dataset collated from published biodiversity comparisons within four tropical regions-Asia, Africa, Central America and South America-and a wide range of animal and plant taxa. We analysed responses to land use of several aspects of biodiversity-species richness, species composition and endemicity-allowing a more detailed comparison than in previous syntheses. Within each continent, assemblages from secondary vegetation of all successional stages retained species richness comparable to those in primary vegetation, but community composition was distinct, especially in younger secondary vegetation. Plantation forests, particularly the most intensively managed, supported a smaller-and very distinct-set of species from sites in primary vegetation. Responses to land use did vary significantly among continents, with the biggest difference in richness between plantation and primary forests in Asia. Responses of individual taxonomic groups did not differ strongly among continents, giving little indication that species were inherently more sensitive in Asia than elsewhere. We show that oil palm plantations support particularly low species richness, indicating that continental differences in the response of biodiversity to land use are perhaps more likely explained by Asia's high prevalence of oil palm plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. P. Phillips
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, SL5 7PY UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
- Present Address: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Newbold
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, SL5 7PY UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
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Turunen J, Aroviita J, Marttila H, Louhi P, Laamanen T, Tolkkinen M, Luhta PL, Kløve B, Muotka T. Differential responses by stream and riparian biodiversity to in-stream restoration of forestry-impacted streams. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Turunen
- Finnish Environment Institute; Freshwater Centre; PO Box 413 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Ecology; University of Oulu; PO Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Jukka Aroviita
- Finnish Environment Institute; Freshwater Centre; PO Box 413 Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Hannu Marttila
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Unit; University of Oulu; PO Box 4300 Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Pauliina Louhi
- Department of Ecology; University of Oulu; PO Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland; Veteraanikatu 5 Oulu 90100 Finland
| | - Tiina Laamanen
- Finnish Environment Institute; Freshwater Centre; PO Box 413 Oulu 90014 Finland
| | | | - Pirkko-Liisa Luhta
- Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland; Karhukunnaantie 2 Pudasjärvi 93100 Finland
| | - Bjørn Kløve
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Unit; University of Oulu; PO Box 4300 Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Timo Muotka
- Department of Ecology; University of Oulu; PO Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute; Natural Environment Centre; PO Box 413 Oulu 90014 Finland
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50
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Cadotte MW, Barlow J, Nuñez MA, Pettorelli N, Stephens PA. Solving environmental problems in the Anthropocene: the need to bring novel theoretical advances into the applied ecology fold. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto; Scarborough 1265 Military Trail Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
- Museu Paraense Emılio Goeldi; Av. Magalh∼aes Barata, 376 Belem Para CEP 66040-170 Brazil
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones; INIBIOMA; CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Av. de Los Pioneros 2350 8400 Bariloche Argentina
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Zoological Society of London; Institute of Zoology; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Philip A. Stephens
- Conservation Ecology Group; Department of Biosciences; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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