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Tison L, Beaumelle L, Monceau K, Thiéry D. Transfer and bioaccumulation of pesticides in terrestrial arthropods and food webs: State of knowledge and perspectives for research. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142036. [PMID: 38615963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Arthropods represent an entry point for pesticide transfers in terrestrial food webs, and pesticide accumulation in upper chain organisms, such as predators can have cascading consequences on ecosystems. However, the mechanisms driving pesticide transfer and bioaccumulation in food webs remain poorly understood. Here we review the literature on pesticide transfers mediated by terrestrial arthropods in food webs. The transfer of pesticides and their potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification are related to the chemical properties and toxicokinetic of the substances, the resistance and detoxification abilities of the contaminated organisms, as well as by their effects on organisms' life history traits. We further identify four critical areas in which knowledge gain would improve future predictions of pesticides impacts on terrestrial food webs. First, efforts should be made regarding the effects of co-formulants and pesticides mixtures that are currently understudied. Second, progress in the sensitivity of analytical methods would allow the detection of low concentrations of pesticides in small individual arthropods. Quantifying pesticides in arthropods preys, their predators, and arthropods or vertebrates at higher trophic level would bring crucial insights into the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of pesticides in real-world terrestrial food webs. Finally, quantifying the influence of the trophic structure and complexity of communities on the transfer of pesticides could address several important sources of variability in bioaccumulation and biomagnification across species and food webs. This narrative review will inspire future studies aiming to quantify pesticide transfers in terrestrial food webs to better capture their ecological consequences in natural and cultivated landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Tison
- INRAE, UMR1065 SAVE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366, OENO, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- INRAE, UMR1065 SAVE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Monceau
- UMR CNRS 7372 CEBC - La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRAE, UMR1065 SAVE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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2
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Schulz R, Bundschuh M, Entling MH, Jungkunst HF, Lorke A, Schwenk K, Schäfer RB. A synthesis of anthropogenic stress effects on emergence-mediated aquatic-terrestrial linkages and riparian food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168186. [PMID: 37914130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stress alters the linkage between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways. Here, we review the contemporary literature on how alterations in aquatic systems through environmental pollution, invasive species and hydromorphological changes carry-over to terrestrial ecosystems and the food webs therein. We consider both the aquatic insect emergence and flooding as pathways through which stressors can propagate from the aquatic to the terrestrial system. We specifically synthesize and contextualize results on the roles of pollutants in the emergence pathway and their top-down consequences. Our review revealed that the emergence and flooding pathway are only considered in isolation and that the overall effects of invasive species or pollutants on food webs at the water-land interface require further attention. While very few recent studies looked at invasive species, a larger number of studies focused on metal transfer compared to pesticides, pharmaceuticals or PCBs, and multiple stress studies up to now left aquatic-terrestrial linkages unconsidered. Recent research on pollutants and emergence used aquatic-terrestrial mesocosms to elucidate the effects of aquatic stressors such as the mosquito control agent Bti, metals or pesticides to understand the effects on riparian spiders. Quality parameters, such as the structural and functional composition of emergent insect communities, the fatty acid profiles, yet also the composition of pollutants transferred to land prove to be important for the effects on riparian spiders. Process-based models including quality of emergence are useful to predict the resulting top-down directed food web effects in the terrestrial recipient ecosystem. In conclusion, we present and recommend a combination of empirical and modelling approaches in order to understand the complexity of aquatic-terrestrial stressor propagation and its spatial and temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Hermann F Jungkunst
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
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3
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Kraus JM, Skrabis K, Ciparis S, Isanhart J, Kenney A, Hinck JE. Ecological Harm and Economic Damages of Chemical Contamination to Linked Aquatic-Terrestrial Food Webs: A Study-Design Tool for Practitioners. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2029-2039. [PMID: 36920000 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems can have cascading effects on terrestrial consumers by altering the availability and quality of aquatic insect prey. Comprehensive assessment of these indirect food-web effects of contaminants on natural resources and their associated services necessitates using both ecological and economic tools. In the present study we present an aquatic-terrestrial assessment tool (AT2), including ecological and economic decision trees, to aid practitioners and researchers in designing contaminant effect studies for linked aquatic-terrestrial insect-based food webs. The tool is tailored to address the development of legal claims by the US Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, which aims to restore natural resources injured by oil spills and hazardous substance releases into the environment. Such cases require establishing, through scientific inquiry, the existence of natural resource injury as well as the determination of the monetary or in-kind project-based damages required to restore this injury. However, this tool is also useful to researchers interested in questions involving the effects of contaminants on linked aquatic-terrestrial food webs. Stylized cases exemplify how application of AT2 can help practitioners and researchers design studies when the contaminants present at a site are likely to lead to injury of terrestrial aerial insectivores through loss of aquatic insect prey and/or dietary contaminant exposure. Designing such studies with ecological endpoints and economic modeling inputs in mind will increase the relevance and cost-effectiveness of studies, which can in turn improve the outcomes of cases and studies involving the ecological effects of contaminants on food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2029-2039. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kraus
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristin Skrabis
- Office of Policy Analysis, US Department of the Interior, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Serena Ciparis
- Virginia Field Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, Virginia, USA
| | - John Isanhart
- Office of Restoration and Damage Assessment, US Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Aleshia Kenney
- Illinois-Iowa Field Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Moline, Illinois, USA
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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4
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Olson CI, Beaubien GB, Otter RR, Walters DM, Mills MA. Ecotoxicological Studies Indicate That Sublethal and Lethal Processes Limit Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1982-1992. [PMID: 36715411 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Merolimnic insects can accumulate and transport considerable amounts of aquatic contaminants to terrestrial systems. The rate of contaminant biotransport, termed insect-mediated contaminant flux (IMCF), depends on emergent insect biomass and contaminant accumulation, both functions of environmental concentration. We developed a mathematical model of IMCF and apply it to three ecotoxicological studies obtained through the US Environmental Protection Agency's ECOTOX database to determine at which concentration maximum IMCF occurs. Model results demonstrate that the maximum IMCF depends on competing rates of biomass loss and contaminant accumulation and does not necessarily occur at the highest insect or environmental contaminant concentration. In addition, modeling results suggest that sublethal contaminant effects (e.g., decreased growth) on insect biomass can be an important and potentially underappreciated control on IMCF. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1982-1992. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor I Olson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gale B Beaubien
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ryan R Otter
- Data Science Institute, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - David M Walters
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Marc A Mills
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
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5
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Schäfer RB, Jackson M, Juvigny-Khenafou N, Osakpolor SE, Posthuma L, Schneeweiss A, Spaak J, Vinebrooke R. Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1915-1936. [PMID: 37036219 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross-fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process-based and data-driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta-)communities and (meta-)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1915-1936. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Noel Juvigny-Khenafou
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Stephen E Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jürg Spaak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Reemtsma T, Liess M, Schäfer RB. Potential propagation of agricultural pesticide exposure and effects to upstream sections in a biosphere reserve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155688. [PMID: 35525352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, several studies have shown that pesticides frequently occur above water quality thresholds in small streams draining arable land and are associated with changes in invertebrate communities. However, we know little about the potential propagation of pesticide effects from agricultural stream sections to least impacted stream sections that can serve as refuge areas. We sampled invertebrates and pesticides along six small streams in south-west Germany. In each stream, the sampling was conducted at an agricultural site, at an upstream forest site (later considered as "refuge"), and at a transition zone between forest and agriculture (later considered as "edge"). Pesticide exposure was higher and the proportion of pesticide-sensitive species (SPEARpesticides) was lower in agricultural sites compared to edge and refuge sites. Notwithstanding, at some edge and refuge sites, which were considered as being least impacted, we estimated unexpected pesticide toxicity (sum toxic units) exceeding thresholds at which field studies suggested adverse effects on freshwater invertebrates. We conclude that organisms in forest sections within a few kilometres upstream of agricultural areas can be exposed to ecologically relevant pesticide levels. In addition, although not statistically significant, the abundance of pesticide-sensitive taxa was slightly lower in edge compared to refuge sites, indicating a potential influence of adjacent agriculture. Future studies should further investigate the influence of spatial relationships, such as the distance between refuge and agriculture, for the propagation of pesticide effects and focus on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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Meier L, Brauns M, Grimm V, Weitere M, Frank K. MASTIFF: A mechanistic model for cross-scale analyses of the functioning of multiple stressed riverine ecosystems. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Araújo CVM, Sendra M, Pontes JRS, Trombini C, Blasco J. Are habitable clean areas in heterogeneously contaminated landscapes functioning as escape zones for fish populations to alleviate stress? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151713. [PMID: 34800460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is a problem that reduces the quality of ecosystems and may make them unsuitable to accommodate life. As many ecosystems are connected, some organisms avoid the stress from continuous exposure to contaminants by moving towards less disturbed areas. However, the landscapes in which organisms move might vary regarding the concentrations of contaminants, in the form of gradients or patches of contamination. Therefore, although it is expected that organisms prefer clean areas, their sporadic contact with contamination should not be ignored, as the greater the probability of being in contact with contaminated areas, the higher the stress. The aim of this study was to assess how the stress (cortisol levels) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) varies as a consequence of heterogeneity in the chemical composition of the habitats and the presence of uncontaminated areas in this heterogeneous landscape. Zebrafish were exposed to heterogeneous contamination scenarios containing different concentrations of copper along a free-choice multi-compartmented system, in which they were able to flee from the most contaminated areas. Fish escaped from the most contaminated areas with an avoidance by 50% of population (AC50) at concentrations of 41 (copper gradient scenario), 25 (spatially limited contamination scenario) and 69 (highly contaminated scenario) μg/L. Higher cortisol levels were observed in the populations exposed to homogeneously contaminated and highly contaminated (by copper) scenarios (both with no acceptable clean area to flee to). In summary, the uncontaminated areas might be crucial for the spatial dynamics of fish populations in a chemically heterogeneous landscape due to their role as escape zones to alleviate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Marta Sendra
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - João Rodolfo S Pontes
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Chiara Trombini
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Ekblad C, Eulaers I, Schulz R, Stjernberg T, Søndergaard J, Zubrod J, Laaksonen T. Spatial and dietary sources of elevated mercury exposure in white-tailed eagle nestlings in an Arctic freshwater environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117952. [PMID: 34425374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced mercury (Hg) contamination is of global concern and its effects on wildlife remain of high concern, especially in environmental hotspots such as inland aquatic ecosystems. Mercury biomagnifies through the food web resulting in high exposure in apex predators, such as the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), making them excellent sentinel species for environmental Hg contamination. An expanding population of white-tailed eagles is inhabiting a sparsely populated inland area in Lapland, northern Finland, mainly around two large reservoirs flooded 50 years ago. As previous preliminary work revealed elevated Hg levels in this population, we measured Hg exposure along with dietary proxies (δ13C and δ15N) in body feathers collected from white-tailed eagle nestlings in this area between 2007 and 2018. Mercury concentrations were investigated in relation to territory characteristics, proximity to the reservoirs and dietary ecology as potential driving factors of Hg contamination. Mercury concentrations in the nestlings (4.97-31.02 μg g-1 dw) were elevated, compared to earlier reported values in nestlings from the Finnish Baltic coast, and exceeded normal background levels (≤5.00 μg g-1) while remaining below the tentative threshold of elevated risk for Hg exposure mediated health effect (>40.00 μg g-1). The main drivers of Hg contamination were trophic position (proxied by δ15N), the dietary proportion of the predatory fish pike (Esox lucius), and the vicinity to the Porttipahta reservoir. We also identified a potential evolutionary trap, as increased intake of the preferred prey, pike, increases exposure. All in all, we present results for poorly understood freshwater lake environments and show that more efforts should be dedicated to further unravel potentially complex pathways of Hg exposure to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ekblad
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ralf Schulz
- IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, DE-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Torsten Stjernberg
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jochen Zubrod
- IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, DE-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Kraus JM, Wanty RB, Schmidt TS, Walters DM, Wolf RE. Variation in metal concentrations across a large contamination gradient is reflected in stream but not linked riparian food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144714. [PMID: 33736264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects link food web dynamics across freshwater-terrestrial boundaries and subsidize terrestrial consumer populations. Contaminants that accumulate in larval aquatic insects and are retained across metamorphosis can increase dietary exposure for riparian insectivores. To better understand potential exposure of terrestrial insectivores to aquatically-derived trace metals, metal concentrations in water and tissues were analyzed from different components of streams and riparian food webs across a large (2-3 orders of magnitude) metal gradient (e.g., Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the Rocky Mountains (USA). Our research indicates that the trace metal concentration gradient present among streams was lost during metamorphosis of aquatic larval insects into terrestrially flying adults, decoupling terrestrial exposures from aquatic concentrations. This pattern was caused by declines in 1) among-stream variation in trace metal concentrations, 2) relationships between metal concentrations in paired water and food web components, and 3) mean metal concentrations within aquatic food webs and across the aquatic-terrestrial boundary. Specifically, among-stream variation in trace metal concentrations was highest for water and aquatic vegetation, intermediate for aquatic insect larvae (~30% lower than water) and lowest for adult aquatic insects and riparian spiders (~65% lower). Metal concentrations in paired water and food web components ranged from highly related across the stream-metal gradient (slopes ~1) for water and aquatic vegetation, to less related (slopes closer to 0) for aquatic vegetation and aquatic insect larvae, to unrelated (slopes ~0) for aquatic larval and adult insects. Finally, mean metal concentrations were highest in aquatic vegetation and lowest in adult aquatic insects emerging from streams (~50% lower than aquatic vegetation). Our results indicate less efficient trophic transfer and higher metamorphic loss of trace metals from high metal streams (i.e., exposure-dependent transfer). For many trace metals, aquatic-terrestrial dietary transfer is unlikely to be an important source of exposure for terrestrial insectivores of adult aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kraus
- U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Richard B Wanty
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Isotope Research Laboratories, Denver Federal Center, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 509601, USA
| | - David M Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ruth E Wolf
- Perkin Elmer, Inc., 2651 Warrenville Rd, Suite 100, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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11
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Araújo CVM, Laissaoui A, Silva DCVR, Ramos-Rodríguez E, González-Ortegón E, Espíndola ELG, Baldó F, Mena F, Parra G, Blasco J, López-Doval J, Sendra M, Banni M, Islam MA, Moreno-Garrido I. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms' Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? TOXICS 2020; 8:E118. [PMID: 33322739 PMCID: PMC7768353 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V. M. Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Abdelmourhit Laissaoui
- National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, BP 1381, Rabat RP 10001, Morocco;
| | - Daniel C. V. R. Silva
- Institute of Xingu Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, São Félix do Xingu, PA 68507-590, Brazil;
| | - Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Evaldo L. G. Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP 13.560-970, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Baldó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, 11006 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Freylan Mena
- Regional Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica;
| | - Gema Parra
- Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Julio López-Doval
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Sendra
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, 1349-017 Chott-Mariem, Tunisia;
| | - Mohammed Ariful Islam
- Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
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12
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Araújo CVM, Rodríguez-Romero A, Fernández M, Sparaventi E, Medina MM, Tovar-Sánchez A. Repellency and mortality effects of sunscreens on the shrimp Palaemon varians: Toxicity dependent on exposure method. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127190. [PMID: 32480091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by sunscreens has become a serious environmental problem due to the increasing use of these products in coastal regions. Their complex chemical composition supposes an input of different chemical compounds capable of producing toxic effects and repelling organisms. The aim of the current study was to experimentally check the repellency of three commercial sunscreens [A (lotion), B (gel) and C (milk spray)] by assessing the escape (displacement towards areas with lower sunscreen levels) of the estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians exposed (4 h) to a gradient (0-300 mg/L) of the sunscreens in a heterogeneous non-forced exposure scenario. Additionally, mortality and immobility (72 h) were checked in a traditional forced exposure scenario. Considering that the toxicity of sunscreens is a little controversial regarding their chemical availability in the medium, two different methods of sunscreen solubilisation were tested: complete homogenization and direct immersion. Very low mortality was observed in the highest concentration of sunscreens A and C applied by direct immersion; however, for sunscreen B, the main effect was the loss of motility when homogenization was applied. Repellency was evidenced for two sunscreens (A and B) applied by direct immersion. The homogenization in the medium seemed to lower the degree of repellency of the sunscreens, probably linked to the higher viscosity in the medium, preventing the motility of shrimps. By integrating both short-term responses (avoidance and mortality/immobility), the PID (population immediate decline) calculated showed that avoidance might be the main factor responsible for the reduction of the population at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Araceli Rodríguez-Romero
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain; Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marco Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Erica Sparaventi
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Marina Márquez Medina
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Tovar-Sánchez
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
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13
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Gerig BS, Janetski DJ, Chaloner DT, Lamberti GA. Contaminant Biotransport by Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Walters DM, Cross W, Kennedy T, Baxter C, Hall R, Rosi E. Food web controls on mercury fluxes and fate in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4880. [PMID: 32440546 PMCID: PMC7228746 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) biomagnification in aquatic food webs is a global concern; yet, the ways species traits and interactions mediate these fluxes remain poorly understood. Few pathways dominated Hg flux in the Colorado River despite large spatial differences in food web complexity, and fluxes were mediated by one functional trait, predation resistance. New Zealand mudsnails are predator resistant and a trophic dead end for Hg in food webs we studied. Fishes preferred blackflies, which accounted for 56 to 80% of Hg flux to fishes, even where blackflies were rare. Food web properties, i.e., match/mismatch between insect production and fish consumption, governed amounts of Hg retained in the river versus exported to land. An experimental flood redistributed Hg fluxes in the simplified tailwater food web, but not in complex downstream food webs. Recognizing that species traits, species interactions, and disturbance mediate contaminant exposure can improve risk management of linked aquatic-terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - W.F. Cross
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - T.A. Kennedy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - C.V. Baxter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - R.O. Hall
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860 USA
| | - E.J. Rosi
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
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Naslund LC, Gerson JR, Brooks AC, Walters DM, Bernhardt ES. Contaminant Subsidies to Riparian Food Webs in Appalachian Streams Impacted by Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3951-3959. [PMID: 32189492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is highly elevated in Appalachian streams and stream organisms that receive alkaline mine drainage from mountaintop removal coal mining compared to unimpacted streams in the region. Adult aquatic insects can be important vectors of waterborne contaminants to riparian food webs, yet pathways of Se transport and exposure of riparian organisms are poorly characterized. We investigated Se concentrations in stream and riparian organisms to determine whether mining extent increased Se uptake in stream biofilms and insects and if these insects were effective Se biovectors to riparian spiders. Biofilm Se concentration increased (p = 0.006) with mining extent, reaching a maximum value of 16.5 μg/g of dw. Insect and spider Se increased with biofilm Se (p = 0.004, p = 0.003), reaching 95 and 26 μg/g of dw, respectively, in mining-impacted streams. Adult insect biomass was not related to mining extent or Se concentrations in biofilm. Even though Se concentrations in aquatic insects were significantly and positively related to mining extent, aquatic insect Se flux was not associated with mining extent because the mass of emerging insects did not change appreciably over the mining gradient. Insect and spider Se concentrations were among the highest reported in the literature, regularly exceeding the bird Se dietary risk threshold of 5 μg/g of dw. Risks of Se exposure and toxicity related to mining are thus not constrained to aquatic systems but extend to terrestrial habitats and food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Naslund
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jacqueline R Gerson
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Alexander C Brooks
- Department of Geoscience, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - David M Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Emily S Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Li J, Mcleod AM, Bhavsar SP, Bohr J, Grgicak-Mannion A, Drouillard K. Use of a Food Web Bioaccumulation Model to Uncover Spatially Integrated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposures in Detroit River Sport Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2771-2784. [PMID: 31403738 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We applied and tested a bioenergetic-based, steady-state food web bioaccumulation model to predict polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures in sport fish of the Detroit River (USA-Canada), which is a Great Lakes area of concern. The PCB concentrations in the sediment and water of the river were found to exhibit high spatial variation. The previously contained areas of high contamination may have spread to adjacent food webs as a result of fish movements. This process may cause biased predictions in single-compartment bioaccumulation models. We performed multiple simulations and contrasted model predictions against a database of 1152 fish sample records comprising 19 sport fish species. The simulations evaluated 4 spatial scales (river-wide, 2-nation, 4-zone, and 6-zone models) to reveal how the spatial heterogeneity of contamination and species-specific movements contribute to variation in fish PCB exposures. The model testing demonstrated that the 2-nation model provided the most accurate global prediction of fish contamination. However, these improvements were not equally observed across all species. The model was subsequently calibrated for poorly performing species, by allowing cross-zone exposures, demonstrating the importance of accounting for specific ecological factors, such as fish movement, to improve PCB bioaccumulation prediction, especially in highly heterogeneous water systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2771-2784. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M Mcleod
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Bohr
- Water Resources Division, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Alice Grgicak-Mannion
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Drouillard
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Araújo CVM, Blasco J. Spatial avoidance as a response to contamination by aquatic organisms in nonforced, multicompartmented exposure systems: A complementary approach to the behavioral response. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:312-320. [PMID: 30444292 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The idea that the hazard of contaminants is exclusively related to their toxic effects does not consider the fact that some organisms can avoid contamination, preventing toxicity. Although inferences about avoidance are made in most behavioral ecotoxicology studies, assessment of the real spatial displacement (organisms moving toward another habitat to escape contamination) is difficult due to the type of exposure (confined and mandatory) used in the bioassays: a forced exposure approach. A complementary approach using nonforced exposure systems to assess how contaminants affect the spatial distribution of organisms in a bicompartmented (toxic or nontoxic) environment has long been described. Recently, this nonforced approach has been developed to include a multi compartmented system in which different samples can be simultaneously tested. The aim of the present review was to describe the importance of the nonforced, multicompartmented exposure approach to simulate a gradient or patches of contamination, to describe the 2 main exposure systems, and to highlight the ecological relevance of including spatial avoidance and habitat preference in ecotoxicological studies. The multicompartmentalization of the system makes it possible to simulate more complex scenarios and therefore include new ecological concepts in bioassays. We also contrasted spatial avoidance in the nonforced exposure systems with the behavioral endpoints measured under other exposure systems. Finally, we showed that the nonforced, multicompartmented exposure approach makes it possible 1) to improve environmental risk assessments by adding the dispersion pattern of organisms in a multihabitat scenario, and 2) to integrate ecological concepts such as recolonization of recovering habitats, loss of habitat connectivity, habitat fragmentation, and contamination-driven metapopulation, which have received limited attention in ecotoxicological studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:312-320. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, Cádiz, Spain
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Daam MA, Pereira JL. General introduction and outline of the special issue "Emerging advances and challenges in pesticide ecotoxicology". ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:761-763. [PMID: 30062626 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this special issue was to bring together papers dealing with current challenges and trends in pesticide ecotoxicology. The special issue is composed of 25 papers into various topics, ranging from the development of more ecological ecotoxicological test approaches to an evaluation of citation bias in pesticide ecotoxicology literature. This paper provides a general introduction and an index of the various papers in the special issue. This special issue is trusted to provide a valuable contribution in addressing current challenges in pesticide ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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