1
|
McCarthy B, Datta S, Sesa-Ashton G, Wong R, Henderson LA, Dawood T, Macefield VG. Non-additive effects of electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the vestibular system on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1773-1786. [PMID: 38822824 PMCID: PMC11208219 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (sGVS) induces robust modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) alongside perceptions of side-to-side movement, sometimes with an accompanying feeling of nausea. We recently showed that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) also modulates MSNA, but does not generate any perceptions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that when the two stimuli are given concurrently, the modulation of MSNA would be additive. MSNA was recorded from 11 awake participants via a tungsten microelectrode inserted percutaneously into the right common peroneal nerve at the fibular head. Sinusoidal stimuli (± 2 mA, 0.08 Hz, 100 cycles) were applied in randomised order as follows: (i) tACS of the dlPFC at electroencephalogram (EEG) site F4 and referenced to the nasion; (ii) bilateral sGVS applied to the vestibular apparatuses via the mastoid processes; and (iii) tACS and sGVS together. Previously obtained data from 12 participants supplemented the data for stimulation protocols (i) and (ii). Cross-correlation analysis revealed that each stimulation protocol caused significant modulation of MSNA (modulation index (paired data): 35.2 ± 19.4% for sGVS; 27.8 ± 15.2% for tACS), but there were no additive effects when tACS and sGVS were delivered concurrently (32.1 ± 18.5%). This implies that the vestibulosympathetic reflexes are attenuated with concurrent dlPFC stimulation. These results suggest that the dlPFC is capable of blocking the processing of vestibular inputs through the brainstem and, hence, the generation of vestibulosympathetic reflexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan McCarthy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudipta Datta
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Wong
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tye Dawood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopes LM, Reis-Silva LL, Rodrigues B, Crestani CC. Pharmacological Manipulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in the Anterior and Posterior Subregions of the Insular Cortex Differently Affects Anxiety-Like Behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:8322844. [PMID: 38327803 PMCID: PMC10849808 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8322844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimaging data in humans and neurobiological studies in rodents have suggested an involvement of the insular cortex (IC) in anxiety manifestations. However, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission has been described as a prominent neurochemical mechanism involved in the expression of anxiety-like behaviors, but the brain sites related are poorly understood. Additionally, several findings indicate that control of physiological and behavioral responses by the IC occurs in a site-specific manner along its rostrocaudal axis. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of CRF receptor agonism and antagonism within the anterior and posterior subregions of the IC in controlling anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM). For this, independent groups (six groups) of animals received bilateral microinjections of vehicle, the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395, or CRF into either the anterior or posterior subregions of the IC. Ten minutes later, the behavior in the EPM was evaluated for five minutes. Treatment of the anterior IC with CP376395, but not with CRF, increased the time and number of entries into the open arms of the EPM. CRF, but not the CRF1 receptor antagonist, microinjected into the posterior IC also increased exploration of the EPM open arms. Taken together, these data indicate that CRFergic neurotransmission in the anterior IC is involved in the expression of anxiety-related behaviors in the EPM. This neurochemical mechanism does not seem to be activated within the posterior IC during exposure to the EPM, but the effects caused by CRF microinjection indicate that activation of CRF receptors in this IC subregion might evoke anxiolytic-like effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Lopes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian L. Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fontes MAP, Marins FR, Patel TA, de Paula CA, Dos Santos Machado LR, de Sousa Lima ÉB, Ventris-Godoy AC, Viana ACR, Linhares ICS, Xavier CH, Filosa JA, Patel KP. Neurogenic Background for Emotional Stress-Associated Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:107-116. [PMID: 37058193 PMCID: PMC10103037 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The response to natural stressors involves both cardiac stimulation and vascular changes, primarily triggered by increases in sympathetic activity. These effects lead to immediate flow redistribution that provides metabolic support to priority target organs combined with other key physiological responses and cognitive strategies, against stressor challenges. This extremely well-orchestrated response that was developed over millions of years of evolution is presently being challenged, over a short period of time. In this short review, we discuss the neurogenic background for the origin of emotional stress-induced hypertension, focusing on sympathetic pathways from related findings in humans and animals. RECENT FINDINGS The urban environment offers a variety of psychological stressors. Real or anticipatory, emotional stressors may increase baseline sympathetic activity. From routine day-to-day traffic stress to job-related anxiety, chronic or abnormal increases in sympathetic activity caused by emotional stressors can lead to cardiovascular events, including cardiac arrhythmias, increases in blood pressure and even sudden death. Among the various alterations proposed, chronic stress could modify neuroglial circuits or compromise antioxidant systems that may alter the responsiveness of neurons to stressful stimuli. These phenomena lead to increases in sympathetic activity, hypertension and consequent cardiovascular diseases. The link between anxiety, emotional stress, and hypertension may result from an altered neuronal firing rate in central pathways controlling sympathetic activity. The participation of neuroglial and oxidative mechanisms in altered neuronal function is primarily involved in enhanced sympathetic outflow. The significance of the insular cortex-dorsomedial hypothalamic pathway in the evolution of enhanced overall sympathetic outflow is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cristiane Amorim de Paula
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | - Liliane Ramos Dos Santos Machado
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | - Érick Bryan de Sousa Lima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Ventris-Godoy
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Rocha Viana
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | - Isadora Cristina Souza Linhares
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270 901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitorio AS, Reis-Silva LL, Barretto-de-Souza L, Gomes-de-Souza L, Crestani CC. Evaluation of the posterior insular cortex involvement in anxiogenic response to emotional stress in male rats: Functional topography along the rostrocaudal axis. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:114006. [PMID: 36341833 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is engaged in behavioral and physiological responses to emotional stress. Control of physiological functions and behavioral responses has been reported to occur in a site-specific manner along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. However, a functional topography of the IC regulation of anxiogenic responses caused by stress has never been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the role of rostrocaudal subregions in the posterior IC in anxiogenic-like effect caused by exposure to acute restraint stress in male rats. For this, rats received bilateral microinjection of the non-selective synaptic inhibitor CoCl2 or vehicle into either the rostral, intermediate or caudal portions of the posterior IC before exposure to acute restraint stress. Then, behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) was evaluated immediately after restraint stress. The behavior of non-stressed animals in the EPM was also investigated. We observed that acute restraint stress decreased the exploration of the EPM open arms in animals treated with vehicle in all regions of the posterior IC, thus indicating an anxiogenic-like effect. The avoidance of the EPM open arms was completely inhibited in animals subjected to microinjection of CoCl2 into the intermediate posterior IC. Nevertheless, the same pharmacological treatment into either the rostral or caudal subregions of the posterior IC did not affect the restraint-evoked behavioral changes in the EPM. Taken together, these results suggest that regulation of anxiogenic-like effect to emotional stress along the rostrocaudal axis of the posterior IC might occur in a site-specific manner, indicating a role of the intermediate subregion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Vitorio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian L Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roy B, Sahib AK, Kang D, Aysola RS, Kumar R. Brain tissue integrity mapping in adults with obstructive sleep apnea using T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2022; 15:17562864221137505. [PMID: 36419869 PMCID: PMC9677310 DOI: 10.1177/17562864221137505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by both gray and white matter differences in brain areas that regulate autonomic, cognitive, and mood functions, which are deficient in the condition. Such tissue changes have been examined through diffusion tensor and diffusion kurtosis imaging-based procedures. However, poor in-plane spatial resolution of these techniques precludes precise determination of the extent of tissue injury. Tissue texture maps derived from the ratio of T1-weighted and T2-weighted images can provide more adequate in-plane assessment of brain tissue differences. OBJECTIVES To examine brain tissue integrity in recently diagnosed, treatment-naïve OSA subjects, relative to age- and sex-comparable control subjects using T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS We examined the extent of tissue changes in 106 OSA over 115 control subjects using high-resolution T1- and T2-weighted images collected from a 3.0-Tesla scanner (analysis of covariance; covariates: age, sex, body-mass-index, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Epworth sleepiness scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory II; false discovery rate corrected; p < 0.01). RESULTS OSA subjects showed significantly lowered tissue integrity in several brain regions, including the frontal, cingulate and insular cortices, cingulum bundle, thalamus, corpus callosum, caudate and putamen, pons, temporal, occipital, and parietal sites, cerebellar peduncles, and medial medullary sites, compared with controls. CONCLUSION OSA subjects show widespread lowered tissue integrity in autonomic, mood, and cognitive control sites over healthy controls. The pathological processes contributing to the alterations may include repetitive hypoxic and hypercarbic processes and excitotoxic injury, leading to altered brain tissue integrity in OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Roy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashish K. Sahib
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ravi S. Aysola
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, 56-141
CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schmaußer M, Hoffmann S, Raab M, Laborde S. The effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1664-1694. [PMID: 35582757 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are widely used to test the involvement of specific cortical regions in various domains such as cognition and emotion. Despite the capability of stimulation techniques to test causal directions, this approach has been only sparsely used to examine the cortical regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and to test current models in this regard. In this preregistered (PROSPERO) systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate, based on meta-regression, whether NIBS represents an effective method for modulating HR and HRV measures, and to evaluate whether the ANS is modulated by cortical mechanisms affected by NIBS. Here we have adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. In a series of four meta-analyses, a total of 131 effect sizes from 35 sham-controlled trials were analyzed using robust variance estimation random-effects meta-regression technique. NIBS was found to effectively modulate HR and HRV with small to medium effect sizes. Moderator analyses yielded significant differences in effects between stimulation of distinct cortical areas. Our results show that NIBS is a promising tool to investigate the cortical regulation of ANS, which may add to the existing brain imaging and animal study literature. Future research is needed to identify further factors modulating the size of effects. As many of the studies reviewed were found to be at high risk of bias, we recommend that methods to reduce potential risk of bias be used in the design and conduct of future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Markus Raab
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,UFR STAPS, EA 4260, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tomeo RA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Reis-Silva LL, Crestani CC. Site-Specific Regulation of Stress Responses Along the Rostrocaudal Axis of the Insular Cortex in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:878927. [PMID: 35620667 PMCID: PMC9127339 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.878927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) has been described as a part of the central network implicated in the integration and processing of limbic information, being related to the behavioral and physiological responses to stressful events. Besides, a site-specific control of physiological functions has been reported along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. However, a functional topography of the IC in the regulation of stress responses has never been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of acute restraint stress in neuronal activation at different sites along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. Furthermore, we evaluated the involvement of IC rostrocaudal subregions in the cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress. We observed that an acute session of restraint stress increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the rostral posterior region of the IC, while fewer activated cells were identified in the anterior and caudal posterior regions. Bilateral injection of the non-selective synaptic inhibitor CoCl2 into the anterior region of the IC did not affect the blood pressure and heart rate increases and the sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to acute restraint stress. However, synaptic ablation of the rostral posterior IC decreased the restraint-evoked arterial pressure increase, whereas tachycardia was reduced in animals in which the caudal posterior IC was inhibited. Taken together, these pieces of evidence indicate a site-specific regulation of cardiovascular stress response along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schaeuble D, Myers B. Cortical–Hypothalamic Integration of Autonomic and Endocrine Stress Responses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:820398. [PMID: 35222086 PMCID: PMC8874315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.820398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are exacerbated by chronic stress exposure. While stress-induced sympathetic activity and elevated glucocorticoid secretion impair cardiovascular health, the mechanisms by which stress-responsive brain regions integrate autonomic and endocrine stress responses remain unclear. This review covers emerging literature on how specific cortical and hypothalamic nuclei regulate cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress responses. We will also discuss the current understanding of the cellular and circuit mechanisms mediating physiological stress responses. Altogether, the reviewed literature highlights the current state of stress integration research, as well unanswered questions about the brain basis of CVD risk.
Collapse
|
9
|
Changes of Electrocardiogram and Myocardial Enzymes in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9309444. [PMID: 35432629 PMCID: PMC9007683 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9309444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiac complications are common in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study is aimed at observing the incidence of cardiac complications after ICH, so as at improving the understanding of the relationship between cardiac complications and ICH. Methods This is a retrospective study on analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum myocardial enzyme of 208 patients with ICH admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2018 to 2019. For each patient, demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, ECG, serum myocardial enzyme, and head CT on admission were reviewed. Mortality was noted. Results Among the 208 patients, 145 (69.71%) had one or more ECG abnormalities. The top three abnormalities were corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation 52 (25%), ST depression 48 (23.08%), and T wave inversion 38 (18.27%). One hundred and thirty-nine patients (66.83%) had increased serum levels of at least one kind of myocardial enzyme, which were high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) 79 (37.98%), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 80 (38.46%), creatine kinase (CK) 57 (27.40%), and creatine kinase-myocardial subfraction (CKMB) 57 (27.40%). The logistic regression analysis showed the following: secondary intraventricular hemorrhage (SIVH) (odds ratio (OR) 5.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.55–11.08; p < 0.001) and hematoma volume > 30 ml (OR 3.81; 95% CI 1.86–7.81; p < 0.001) were independent predictive factors of QTc prolongation; thalamus location (OR 5.79; 95% CI 1.94–17.28; p < 0.05), hematoma volume > 30 ml (OR 24.187; 95% CI 3.14-186.33; p < 0.05), insular involvement (OR 19.08; 95% CI 5.77-63.07; p < 0.001), and SIVH (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.69-5.86; p < 0.05) were independent predictive factors of ST depression; insular involvement (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.12–7.50; p < 0.05) and hematoma volume > 30 ml (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.06–3.70; p < 0.05) were independent predictive factors of increase of CK; Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78–0.98; p < 0.05) and insular involvement (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.98–15.62; p < 0.05) were independent predictive factors of increase of CKMB; SIVH (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.07–3.92; p < 0.05) was independent predictive factor of increase of LDH; age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06; p < 0.05), blood glucose on admission (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01–1.20; p < 0.05), and history of antiplatelet drug use (OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.01–12.12; p < 0.05) were independent predictive factors of hs-cTnT. All the injury indexes were not related to in-hospital mortality. Conclusion The study suggests that insular involvement, hematoma volume > 30 ml, and SIVH are the strongest risk factors for ECG abnormalities and elevated myocardial enzymes after ICH followed which are the risk factors such as GCS, age, admission blood glucose, and ICH location in the thalamus.
Collapse
|
10
|
McIntosh RC, Lobo JD, Yang A, Schneiderman N. Brainstem network connectivity with mid-anterior insula predicts lower systolic blood pressure at rest in older adults with hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 35:1098-1108. [PMID: 33462388 PMCID: PMC8919345 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Central regulation of heart rate and blood pressure provides the bases for a neurogenic mechanism of hypertension (HTN). Post menopause (PM) age coincides with changes in resting state functional brain connectivity (rsFC) as well as increased risk for HTN. Whether the neural networks underpinning cardioautonomic control differ between PM women with and without HTN is unclear. Phenotypic and functional neuroimaging data from the Nathan Kline Institute was first evaluated for group differences in intrinsic network connectivity between 22 HTN post menopausal women and 22 normotensive controls. Intrinsic rsFC of the midbrain-brainstem-cerebellar network with bilateral mid-anterior insula was lower in women with HTN (FWE-corrected, p < 0.05). Z-scores indicating rsFC of these regions were extracted from the 44 PM women and a cohort of 111 adults, not presenting with metabolic or neurodegenerative disease, and compared to in-office systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lower rsFC of the left (r = -0.17, p = 0.019) and right (r = -0.14, p = 0.048) mid-anterior insula with brainstem nuclei was associated with higher systolic blood pressure in the combined sample. The magnitude of this effect in men and women of post menopausal age supports a neurogenic mechanism for blood pressure regulation in older adults with HTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Judith D Lobo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Anting Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marins FR, Oliveira AC, Qadri F, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Fontes MAP, Santos RAS. Alamandine but not angiotensin-(1-7) produces cardiovascular effects at the rostral insular cortex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R513-R521. [PMID: 34346721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00308.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments aimed to evaluate the tissue distribution of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD) revealed the presence of immunoreactivity for the MrgD protein in the rostral insular cortex (rIC), an important area for autonomic and cardiovascular control. To investigate the relevance of this finding, we evaluated the cardiovascular effects produced by the endogenous ligand of MrgD, alamandine, in this brain region. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in urethane anesthetized rats. Unilateral microinjection of equimolar doses of alamandine (40 pmol/100 nL), angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, angiotensin A, and Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7-Ang-1-7 (50 pmol/100 nL), Mas antagonist A779 (100 pmol/100 nL), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) were made in different rats (n = 4-6/group) into rIC. To verify the specificity of the region, a microinjection of alamandine was also performed into intermediate insular cortex (iIC). Microinjection of alamandine in rIC produced an increase in MAP (Δ = 15 ± 2 mmHg), HR (Δ = 36 ± 4 beats/min), and RSNA (Δ = 31 ± 4%), but was without effects at iIC. Strikingly, an equimolar dose of angiotensin-(1-7) at rIC did not produce any change in MAP, HR, and RSNA. Angiotensin II and angiotensin A produced only minor effects. Alamandine effects were not altered by A-779, a Mas antagonist, but were completely blocked by the Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7-Ang-(1-7). Therefore, we have identified a brain region in which alamandine/MrgD receptor but not angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas could be involved in the modulation of cardiovascular-related neuronal activity. This observation also suggests that alamandine might possess unique effects unrelated to angiotensin-(1-7) in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marins FR, Limborço-Filho M, Iddings JA, Xavier CH, Biancardi VC, Stern JE, Ramiro Diaz J, Oppenheimer SM, Filosa JA, Peliky Fontes MA. Tachycardia evoked from insular stroke in rats is dependent on glutamatergic neurotransmission in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3640-3649. [PMID: 34152065 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Damage to the insula results in cardiovascular complications. In rats, activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the intermediate region of the posterior insular cortex (iIC) results in sympathoexcitation, tachycardia and arterial pressure increases. Similarly, focal experimental hemorrhage at the iIC results in a marked sympathetic-mediated increase in baseline heart rate. The dorsomedial hypothalamic region (DMH) is critical for the integration of sympathetic-mediated tachycardic responses. Here, whether responses evoked from the iIC are dependent on a synaptic relay in the DMH was evaluated. METHODS Wistar rats were prepared for injections into the iIC and DMH. Anatomical (tracing combined with immunofluorescence) and functional experiments (cardiovascular and sympathetic recordings) were performed. RESULTS The iIC sends dense projections to the DMH. Approximately 50% of iIC neurons projecting to the DMH express NMDARs, NR1 subunit. Blockade of glutamatergic receptors in the DMH abolishes the cardiovascular and autonomic responses evoked by the activation of NMDARs in the iIC (change in mean arterial pressure 7 ± 1 vs. 1 ± 1 mmHg after DMH blockade; change in heart rate 28 ± 3 vs. 0 ± 3 bpm after DMH blockade; change in renal sympathetic nerve activity 23% ± 1% vs. -1% ± 4% after DMH blockade). Experimental hemorrhage at the iIC resulted in a marked tachycardia (change 89 ± 14 bpm) that was attenuated by 65% ± 5% (p = 0.0009) after glutamatergic blockade at the DMH. CONCLUSIONS The iIC-induced tachycardia is largely dependent upon a glutamatergic relay in the DMH. Our study reveals the presence of an excitatory glutamatergic pathway from the iIC to the DMH that may be involved in the cardiovascular alterations observed after insular stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Limborço-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Vinicia C Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, and Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Javier E Stern
- Department of Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Stephen M Oppenheimer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qian K, Liu J, Cao Y, Yang J, Qiu S. Intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride induces lateralized activation of the insular cortex in adult mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:71. [PMID: 33874995 PMCID: PMC8056688 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insular cortex is a critical brain region that participates in the interoceptive sensations. Here, we combined the iDISCO + method and Fos immunostaining to confirm that the middle part of the right-side, but not the left-side, insular cortex in adult male mice is activated by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride. Lateralized activation of the insular cortex is also observed in adult female mice, but not in young or aged male mice. Furthermore, asymmetrical activation of the insular cortex was completely blocked when both sides of the vagal nerve are transected, whereas intravenous injection of lithium chloride has no effect on the insular activation. Combined together, these results indicate that the insular cortex unilaterally responds to aversive visceral stimuli in an age-dependent way and this process depends on the vagal afferent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiqing Cao
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Autonomic response after hemorrhagic stroke in the right insular cortex: What is the common pathophysiology in rat and human?; Reply. Auton Neurosci 2021; 231:102772. [PMID: 33508528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
A capital role for the brain's insula in the diverse fibromyalgia-associated symptoms. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110077. [PMID: 32721793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Unexplained yet persisting general and widespread non-articular musculoskeletal pain and the associated complaints, known as fibromyalgia (FM), is a common disorder with major social and economic impact. We postulate that in FM disturbance of neurotransmitter balances at the brain's insula not only leads to aberrant pain processing but could also govern other associated symptoms. Symptoms might arise from central nervous system dysregulation mediated through an imbalance between the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and the inhibitory transmitter gamma-amino butyric acid. The insula could also have a leading role in the dysregulation of heart rate and blood pressure, bladder and bowel symptoms, and anxiety and sleep disturbances which are experienced by many FM patients. The presented hypothesis explains how the diverse FM-associated symptoms could be linked, and puts the brain's insula forward as a possible therapeutic target to be further explored for FM.
Collapse
|
16
|
Marins FR, Limborço-Filho M, D'Abreu BF, Machado de Almeida PW, Gavioli M, Xavier CH, Oppenheimer SM, Guatimosim S, Fontes MAP. Autonomic and cardiovascular consequences resulting from experimental hemorrhagic stroke in the left or right intermediate insular cortex in rats. Auton Neurosci 2020; 227:102695. [PMID: 32629215 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the insular cortex (IC) results in serious cardiovascular consequences and evidence indicates that the characteristics are lateralized. However, a study comparing the effects of focal experimental hemorrhage between IC sides was never performed. We compared the cardiovascular, autonomic and cardiac changes produced by focal experimental hemorrhage (ICH) into the left (L) or right (R) IC. Wistar rats were submitted to microinjection of autologous blood (ICH) or saline (n = 6 each side/group) into the R or L IC. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic activity (RSNA) were recorded. Measurements of calcium transient and sarcoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase expression in cardiomyocytes were performed. ICH increased baseline HR (Δ:L-ICH 452 ± 13 vs saline 407 ± 11 bpm; R-ICH 450 ± 7 vs saline 406 ± 8 bpm, P < 0.05) without changing BP. HR was restored to baseline levels after i.v. atenolol. Strikingly, ICH rats presented a reduced baseline RSNA (Δ:L-ICH 122 ± 4 vs saline 148 ± 11 spikes/s; R-ICH 112 ± 5 vs saline 148 ± 7 spikes/s, P < 0.05). After 24 h of ICH we observed a marked increase in cardiac ectopies and this number was greater after ICH R-IC. Heart weight, calcium amplitude and SERCA expression were reduced only in ICH R-IC. Focal stroke into IC can alter the cardiac and renal autonomic control. Damage to the R-IC produces a greater number of arrhythmias and changes in calcium dynamics in cardiac cells indicating that the cardiovascular consequences are hemisphere-dependent. These findings confirm asymmetry for cardiac autonomic control at the IC and help to understand the cardiac and renal implications observed after specific side cortical damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Limborço-Filho
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Flecha D'Abreu
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro W Machado de Almeida
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gavioli
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Stephen M Oppenheimer
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia & Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang TY, Gardner JC, Gao Z, Pan YX, Liang NC. Role of glucocorticoid signaling in exercise-associated changes in high-fat diet preference in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R515-R528. [PMID: 31940232 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00288.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous introduction of wheel running (WR) and diet choice (high-carbohydrate chow vs. high-fat diet) results in sex-specific diet choice patterns in rats. WR induces a high-fat (HF) diet avoidance, and such avoidance persists in the majority of males, but not females, throughout a 2-wk period. Exercise is a physiological stressor that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulates glucocorticoid (GC) release, which can alter dietary preferences. Here, we examined the role of the HPA axis and GC signaling in mediating exercise-induced changes in diet preference and the associated neurobiological adaptations that may underlie sex differences in diet choice patterns. Experiment 1 revealed that adrenalectomy did not significantly alter the initiation and persistence of running-induced HF diet avoidance in male rats. Experiment 2 showed that acute WR resulted in greater neural activation than chronic WR in the medial prefrontal (mPFC) and insular cortices (IC) in male rats. Experiment 3 revealed sex differences in the molecular adaptation to exercise and diet preference. First, exercise increased gene expression of fkbp5 in the mPFC, IC, and hippocampus of WR females but had limited influence in males. Second, male and female WR rats that reversed or maintained HF diet avoidance showed distinct sex- and HF diet preference-dependent expression profiles of genes involved in cortical GC signaling (e.g., nr3c1, nr3c2, and src1). Taken together, our results suggest sex differences in region-specific neural adaptations may underlie sex differences in diet preference and the health benefits from exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Jennie C Gardner
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Zijun Gao
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee IS, Necka EA, Atlas LY. Distinguishing pain from nociception, salience, and arousal: How autonomic nervous system activity can improve neuroimaging tests of specificity. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116254. [PMID: 31604122 PMCID: PMC6911655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a subjective, multidimensional experience that is distinct from nociception. A large body of work has focused on whether pain processing is supported by specific, dedicated brain circuits. Despite advances in human neuroscience and neuroimaging analysis, dissociating acute pain from other sensations has been challenging since both pain and non-pain stimuli evoke salience and arousal responses throughout the body and in overlapping brain circuits. In this review, we discuss these challenges and propose that brain-body interactions in pain can be leveraged in order to improve tests for pain specificity. We review brain and bodily responses to pain and nociception and extant efforts toward identifying pain-specific brain networks. We propose that autonomic nervous system activity should be used as a surrogate measure of salience and arousal to improve these efforts and enable researchers to parse out pain-specific responses in the brain, and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using example fMRI data from a thermal pain paradigm. This new approach will improve the accuracy and specificity of functional neuroimaging analyses and help to overcome current difficulties in assessing pain specific responses in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Seon Lee
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Necka
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Y Atlas
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The effect of unilateral stroke on autonomic function in the term newborn. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:830-834. [PMID: 30712058 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mature cerebral cortex has a topographically organized influence on reflex autonomic centers of the brainstem and diencephalon and sympathetic activation coming primarily from the right hemisphere and parasympathetic activation from the left. In the term newborn, the maturational status of this central autonomic system remains poorly understood. METHODS Sixteen term newborns admitted to Children's National with unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes (n = 8 left, n = 8 right) had archived continuous electrocardiograph (EKG) signals available. We compared stroke laterality and severity with indices of autonomic function, as measured by heart rate variability. We performed both time- and frequency-domain analyses on the R-R interval (RRi) over 24h of continuous EKG data at around 7 days of age. RESULTS Right MCA stroke significantly increased sympathetic tone, while left MCA stroke increased parasympathetic tone. Regardless of laterality, stroke severity was associated inversely with sympathetic tone and positively with parasympathetic tone. Surprisingly, injury to either insular region had no significant autonomic effect. Phenobarbital blood levels were positively associated with sympathetic tone and inversely related to parasympathetic tone. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, it is difficult to reconcile the functional topography of the central autonomic system in term newborns with that currently proposed for the normal mature brain. Further investigation is clearly needed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chouchou F, Mauguière F, Vallayer O, Catenoix H, Isnard J, Montavont A, Jung J, Pichot V, Rheims S, Mazzola L. How the insula speaks to the heart: Cardiac responses to insular stimulation in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2611-2622. [PMID: 30815964 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies suggesting the role of insular cortex in the control of autonomic activity, the exact location of cardiac motor regions remains controversial. We provide here a functional mapping of autonomic cardiac responses to intracortical stimulations of the human insula. The cardiac effects of 100 insular electrical stimulations into 47 epileptic patients were divided into tachycardia, bradycardia, and no cardiac response according to the magnitude of RR interval (RRI) reactivity. Sympathetic (low frequency, LF, and low to high frequency powers ratio, LF/HF ratio) and parasympathetic (high frequency power, HF) reactivity were studied using RRI analysis. Bradycardia was induced by 26 stimulations (26%) and tachycardia by 21 stimulations (21%). Right and left insular stimulations induced as often a bradycardia as a tachycardia. Tachycardia was accompanied by an increase in LF/HF ratio, suggesting an increase in sympathetic tone; while bradycardia seemed accompanied by an increase of parasympathetic tone reflected by an increase in HF. There was some left/right asymmetry in insular subregions where increased or decreased heart rates were produced after stimulation. However, spatial distribution of tachycardia responses predominated in the posterior insula, whereas bradycardia sites were more anterior in the median part of the insula. These findings seemed to indicate a posterior predominance of sympathetic control in the insula, whichever the side; whereas the parasympathetic control seemed more anterior. Dysfunction of these regions should be considered when modifications of cardiac activity occur during epileptic seizures and in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chouchou
- IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - François Mauguière
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ophélie Vallayer
- Neurology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hélène Catenoix
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Isnard
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Montavont
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pichot
- EA SNA-EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Mazzola
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL - INSERM U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Neurology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shokri-Kojori E, Tomasi D, Volkow ND. An Autonomic Network: Synchrony Between Slow Rhythms of Pulse and Brain Resting State Is Associated with Personality and Emotions. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:3356-3371. [PMID: 29955858 PMCID: PMC6095212 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic system's role in modulating vasculature and its influence on emotions and personality led us to test the hypothesis that interactions between brain resting-state networks (RSNs) and pulse amplitude (indexing sympathetic activity) would be associated with emotions and personality. In 203 participants, we characterized RSN spatiotemporal characteristics, and phase-amplitude associations of RSN fluctuations with pulse and respiratory recordings. We found that RSNs are spatially reproducible within participants and were temporally associated with low frequencies (LFs < 0.1 Hz) in physiological signals. LF fluctuations in pulse amplitude were not related to cardiac electrical activity and preceded LF fluctuations in RSNs, while LF respiratory amplitude fluctuations followed LF fluctuations in RSNs. LF phase dispersion (PD) (lack of synchrony) between RSNs and pulse (PDpulse) (not respiratory) correlated with the common variability in measures of personality and emotions, with more synchrony being associated with more positive temperamental characteristics. Voxel-level PDpulse mapping revealed an "autonomic brain network," including sensory cortices and dorsal attention stream, with significant interactions with peripheral signals. Here, we uncover associations between pulse signal amplitude (presumably of sympathetic origin) and brain resting state, suggesting that interactions between central and autonomic nervous systems are important for characterizing personality and emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xavier CH, Mendonça MM, Marins FR, da Silva ES, Ianzer D, Colugnati DB, Pedrino GR, Fontes MAP. Stating asymmetry in neural pathways: methodological trends in autonomic neuroscience. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1473396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Michelle Mendanha Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elder Sales da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ianzer
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chouchou F, Bouet R, Pichot V, Catenoix H, Mauguière F, Jung J. The neural bases of ictal tachycardia in temporal lobe seizures. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1810-1819. [PMID: 28709879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to limited information from scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, brain areas driving changes in cardiac rhythm during Temporal lobe (TL) seizures are not clearly identified. Using stereotactic EEG (SEEG) recordings, we aimed at identifying which of the brain regions involved in autonomic control trigger ictal tachycardia. METHODS The neural activity of several mesial temporal lobe structures including amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and lateral temporal lobe recorded with SEEG were collected during 37 TL seizures in 9 patients, using indices based on High Frequency Activity (HFA). R-R intervals (RR) monitoring and time-frequency spectral analysis were performed to assess parasympathetic (High frequency power (HF)) and sympathetic (Low frequency/High frequency (LF/HF) ratio) reactivities. RESULTS Tachycardia was associated with a significant increase in LF/HF ratio and decrease in HF. Autonomic cardiac changes were accompanied by simultaneous SEEG signal changes with an increase in seizure-related HFA in anterior hippocampal formation and amygdala, but not in insula. CONCLUSION In our sample, TL seizures are thus accompanied by an early decrease in parasympathetic control of cardiac rhythm and by an increase of sympathetic tone, concomitant to seizure activity in anterior hippocampus and amygdala. SIGNIFICANCE These results support a pivotal role of hippocampus and amygdala in tachycardia occurring during TL seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chouchou
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France.
| | - Romain Bouet
- Dycog Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pichot
- Clinical Physiology Department, CHU Nord, Saint-Etienne, France; EA 4607 SNA-EPIS Lab, University of Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hélène Catenoix
- Epilepsy and Functional Neurology Department, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - François Mauguière
- NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France; Epilepsy and Functional Neurology Department, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Dycog Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - Inserm U 1028/CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France; Epilepsy and Functional Neurology Department, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Macey PM, Rieken NS, Ogren JA, Macey KE, Kumar R, Harper RM. Sex differences in insular cortex gyri responses to a brief static handgrip challenge. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:13. [PMID: 28435658 PMCID: PMC5397762 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease varies between sexes, suggesting male-female autonomic control differences. Insular gyri help coordinate autonomic regulation and show a sex-dependent response to a sympathetic challenge. Methods We examined sex-related insular gyral responses to a short static handgrip exercise challenge eliciting parasympathetic withdrawal with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during four 16-s challenges (80% maximum strength) in 23 healthy females (age; mean ± std 50 ± 8 years) and 40 males (46 ± 9 years). Heart rate (HR) and fMRI signals were compared with repeated measures ANOVA (P < 0.05). Additional analyses were performed with age and age interactions, as well as right-handed only subjects. Results Females showed higher resting HR than males, but smaller percent HR change increases to the challenges. All gyri showed fMRI patterns concurrent with an HR peak and decline to baseline. fMRI signals followed an anterior-posterior organization in both sexes, but lateralization varied by gyri and sex. All subjects showed greater signals in the anterior vs. posterior gyri (females 0.3%, males 0.15%). The middle gyri showed no lateralization in females but left-sided dominance in males (0.1%). The posterior gyri showed greater left than right activation in both sexes. The anterior-most gyri exhibited a prominent sex difference, with females showing a greater right-sided activation (0.2%) vs. males displaying a greater left-sided activation (0.15%). Age and handedness affected a minority of findings but did not alter the overall pattern of results. Conclusions The anterior insula plays a greater role in cardiovascular regulation than posterior areas during a predominantly parasympathetic withdrawal challenge, with opposite lateralization between sexes. In females, the left anterior-most gyrus responded distinctly from other regions than males. Those sex-specific structural and functional brain patterns may contribute over time to variations in cardiovascular disease between the sexes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-017-0135-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702 USA.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Nicholas S Rieken
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702 USA
| | - Jennifer A Ogren
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Katherine E Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702 USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Ronald M Harper
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marins FR, Iddings JA, Fontes MAP, Filosa JA. Evidence that remodeling of insular cortex neurovascular unit contributes to hypertension-related sympathoexcitation. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13156. [PMID: 28270592 PMCID: PMC5350170 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate region of the posterior insular cortex (intermediate IC) mediates sympathoexcitatory responses to the heart and kidneys. Previous studies support hypertension-evoked changes to the structure and function of neurons, blood vessels, astrocytes and microglia, disrupting the organization of the neurovascular unit (NVU). In this study, we evaluated the functional and anatomical integrity of the NVU at the intermediate IC in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its control the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Under urethane anesthesia, NMDA microinjection (0.2 mmol/L/100 nL) was performed at the intermediate IC with simultaneous recording of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Alterations in NVU structure were investigated by immunofluorescence for NMDA receptors (NR1), blood vessels (70 kDa FITC-dextran), astrocytes (GFAP), and microglia (Iba1). Injections of NMDA into intermediate IC of SHR evoked higher amplitude responses of RSNA, MAP, and HR On the other hand, NMDA receptor blockade decreased baseline RSNA, MAP and HR in SHR, with no changes in WKY Immunofluorescence data from SHR intermediate IC showed increased NMDA receptor density, contributing to the SHR enhanced sympathetic responses, and increased in vascular density (increased number of branches and endpoints, reduced average branch length), suggesting angiogenesis. Additionally, IC from SHR presented increased GFAP immunoreactivity and contact between astrocyte processes and blood vessels. In SHR, IC microglia skeleton analysis supports their activation (reduced number of branches, junctions, endpoints and process length), suggesting an inflammatory process in this region. These findings indicate that neurogenic hypertension in SHR is accompanied by marked alterations to the NVU within the IC and enhanced NMDA-mediated sympathoexcitatory responses likely contributors of the maintenance of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Marins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, INCT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marco A P Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, INCT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moura Santos D, Ribeiro Marins F, Limborço-Filho M, de Oliveira ML, Hamamoto D, Xavier CH, Moreira FA, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Peliky Fontes MA. Chronic overexpression of angiotensin-(1-7) in rats reduces cardiac reactivity to acute stress and dampens anxious behavior. Stress 2017; 20:189-196. [PMID: 28288545 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1296949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts as a pro-stress hormone, while other evidence indicates that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] attenuates physiological responses to emotional stress. To further test this hypothesis, in groups of 5-6 rats we evaluated autonomic, cardiovascular and behavioral parameters in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and transgenic TGR(A1-7)3292 (TG) rats chronically overexpressing Ang-(1-7). Compared to SD rats, TG rats showed reduced baseline heart rate (HR; SD 380 ± 16 versus TG 329 ± 9 beats per minute (bpm), mean ± standard error of mean, p < .05) and renal sympathetic discharge (SD 138 ± 4 versus TG 117 ± 5 spikes/second, p < .05). TG rats had an attenuated tachycardic response to acute air-puff stress (ΔHR: SD 51 ± 20 versus TG 1 ± 3 bpm; p < .05), which was reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of the Mas receptor antagonist, A-779 (ΔHR: SD 51 ± 20 versus TG 63 ± 15 bpm). TG rats showed less anxious behavior on the elevated plus maze, as revealed by more entries into open arms (SD 2 ± 2 versus TG 47 ± 5% relative to total entries; p < .05), and more time spent in the open arms (SD 5 ± 4 versus TG 53 ± 9% relative to total time, p < .05). By contrast with SD rats, diazepam (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) did not further reduce anxious behavior in TG rats, indicating a ceiling anxiolytic effect of Ang-(1-7) overexpression. Ang-(1-7) concentrations in hypothalamus and plasma, measured by mass spectrometry were two- and three-fold greater, respectively, in TG rats than in SD rats. Hence, increased endogenous Ang-(1-7) levels in TG rats diminishes renal sympathetic outflow and attenuates cardiac reactivity to emotional stress, which may be via central Mas receptors, and reduces anxious behavior. Lay summaryWe used a genetically modified rat model that produces above normal amounts of a peptide hormone called angiotensin-(1-7) to test whether this peptide can reduce some of the effects of stress. We found that angiotensin-(1-7), acting in the brain, can reduce anxiety and reduce the increase in heart rate associated with emotional stress. These findings may provide a lead for design of new drugs to reduce stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Moura Santos
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Limborço-Filho
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Marilene Luzia de Oliveira
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- c Department of Physiology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás , Goiás , Brazil Goiânia
| | - Fabrício Araújo Moreira
- d Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- b Alamantec/LABFAR , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- e Institute of Cardiology , University Foundation of Cardiology , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , INCT, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Siepmann T, Boardman H, Bilderbeck A, Griffanti L, Kenworthy Y, Zwager C, McKean D, Francis J, Neubauer S, Yu GZ, Lewandowski AJ, Sverrisdottir YB, Leeson P. Long-term cerebral white and gray matter changes after preeclampsia. Neurology 2017; 88:1256-1264. [PMID: 28235810 PMCID: PMC5373775 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether changes in cerebral structure are present after preeclampsia that may explain increased cerebrovascular risk in these women. Methods: We conducted a case control study in women between 5 and 15 years after either a preeclamptic or normotensive pregnancy. Brain MRI was performed. Analysis of white matter structure was undertaken using voxel-based segmentation of fluid-attenuation inversion recovery sequences to assess white matter lesion volume and diffusion tensor imaging to measure microstructural integrity. Voxel-based analysis of gray matter volumes was performed with adjustment for skull size. Results: Thirty-four previously preeclamptic women (aged 42.8 ± 5.1 years) and 49 controls were included. Previously preeclamptic women had reduced cortical gray matter volume (523.2 ± 30.1 vs 544.4 ± 44.7 mL, p < 0.05) and, although both groups displayed white matter lesions, changes were more extensive in previously preeclamptic women. They displayed increased temporal lobe white matter disease (lesion volume: 23.2 ± 24.9 vs 10.9 ± 15.0 μL, p < 0.05) and altered microstructural integrity (radial diffusivity: 538 ± 19 vs 526 ± 18 × 10−6 mm2/s, p < 0.01), which also extended to occipital and parietal lobes. The degree of temporal lobe white matter change in previously preeclamptic women was independent of their current cardiovascular risk profile (p < 0.05) and increased with time from index pregnancy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A history of preeclampsia is associated with temporal lobe white matter changes and reduced cortical volume in young women, which is out of proportion to their classic cardiovascular risk profile. The severity of changes is proportional to time since pregnancy, which would be consistent with continued accumulation of damage after pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Siepmann
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henry Boardman
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amy Bilderbeck
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ludovica Griffanti
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kenworthy
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Zwager
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David McKean
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jane Francis
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Grace Z Yu
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yrsa Bergmann Sverrisdottir
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Leeson
- From the Radcliffe Department of Medicine (T.S., H.B., Y.K., C.Z., J.F., S.N., A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Psychiatry (A.B.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (L.G.), Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences (Y.B.S.), and Department of Cardiology (G.Z.Y.), University of Oxford; Department of Radiology (D.M.), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Macey PM, Rieken NS, Kumar R, Ogren JA, Middlekauff HR, Wu P, Woo MA, Harper RM. Sex Differences in Insular Cortex Gyri Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver. Front Neurol 2016; 7:87. [PMID: 27375549 PMCID: PMC4899449 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in autonomic regulation may underlie cardiovascular disease variations between females and males. One key autonomic brain region is the insular cortex, which typically consists of five main gyri in each hemisphere, and shows a topographical organization of autonomic function across those gyri. The present study aims to identify possible sex differences in organization of autonomic function in the insula. We studied brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to a series of four 18-s Valsalva maneuvers in 22 healthy females (age ± SD: 50.0 ± 7.9 years) and 36 healthy males (45.3 ± 9.2 years). Comparisons of heart rate (HR) and fMRI signals were performed with repeated measures ANOVA (threshold P < 0.05 for all findings). All subjects achieved the target 30 mmHg expiratory pressure for all challenges. Typical HR responses were elicited by the maneuver, including HR increases from ~4 s into the strain period (Phase II) and rapid declines to below baseline 5–10 s, following strain release (Phase IV). Small, but significant, sex differences in HR percent change occurred during the sympathetic-dominant Phase II (female < male) and parasympathetic-dominant Phase IV (female > male, i.e., greater undershoot in males). The insular cortices showed similar patterns in all gyri, with greater signal decreases in males than females. Both sexes exhibited an anterior–posterior topographical organization of insular responses during Phase II, with anterior gyri showing higher responses than more posterior gyri. The exception was the right anterior-most gyrus in females, which had lower responses than the four other right gyri. Responses were lateralized, with right-sided dominance during Phase II in both sexes, except the right anterior-most gyrus in females, which showed lower responses than the left. The findings confirm the anterior and right-sided sympathetic dominance of the insula. Although sex differences were prominent in response magnitude, organization differences between males and females were limited to the right anterior-most gyrus, which showed a lower fMRI response in females vs. males (and vs. other gyri in females). The sex differences suggest a possible differing baseline state of brain physiology or tonic functional activity between females and males, especially in the right anterior-most gyrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Rieken
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Ogren
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Paula Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mary A Woo
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Ronald M Harper
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|