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Ali H, Vikash F, Moond V, Khalid F, Jamil AR, Dahiya DS, Sohail AH, Gangwani MK, Patel P, Satapathy SK. Global trends in hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma mortality: A public database analysis (1999-2019). World J Virol 2024; 13:89469. [PMID: 38616850 PMCID: PMC11008397 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.89469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and it significantly contributes to the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are marked variations in the incidence and mortality rates of HCC across different geographical regions. With the advent of new widely available treatment modalities, such as direct-acting antivirals, it is becoming increasingly imperative to understand the temporal and geographical trends in HCC mortality associated with Hepatitis C. Furthermore, gender disparities in HCC mortality related to Hepatitis C are a crucial, yet underexplored aspect that adds to the disease's global impact. While some studies shed light on gender-specific trends, there is a lack of comprehensive data on global and regional mortality rates, particularly those highlighting gender disparities. This gap in knowledge hinders the development of targeted interventions and resource allocation strategies. AIM To understand the global and regional trends in Hepatitis C-related HCC mortality rates from 1990 to 2019, along with gender disparities. METHODS We utilized the Global Burden of Disease database, a comprehensive repository for global health metrics to age-standardized mortality rates due to Hepatitis C-related HCC from 1999 to 2019. Rates were evaluated per 100000 population and assessed by World Bank-defined regions. Temporal trends were determined using Joinpoint software and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) method, and results were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, overall, there was a significant decline in HCC-related mortality rates with an AAPC of -0.80% (95%CI: -0.83 to -0.77). Females demonstrated a marked decrease in mortality with an AAPC of -1.06% (95%CI: -1.09 to -1.03), whereas the male cohort had a lower AAPC of -0.52% (95%CI: -0.55 to -0.48). Regionally, East Asia and the Pacific demonstrated a significant decline with an AAPC of -2.05% (95%CI: -2.10 to -2.00), whereas Europe and Central Asia observed an uptrend with an AAPC of 0.72% (95%CI: 0.69 to 0.74). Latin America and the Caribbean also showed an uptrend with an AAPC of 0.06% (95%CI: 0.02 to 0.11). In the Middle East and North Africa, the AAPC was non-significant at 0.02% (95%CI: -0.09 to 0.12). North America, in contrast, displayed a significant upward trend with an AAPC of 2.63% (95%CI: 2.57 to 2.67). South Asia (AAPC -0.22%, 95%CI: -0.26 to -0.16) and Sub-Saharan Africa (AAPC -0.14%, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.12) trends significantly declined over the study period. CONCLUSION Our study reports disparities in Hepatitis C-related HCC mortality between 1999 to 2019, both regionally and between genders. While East Asia and the Pacific regions showed a promising decline in mortality, North America has experienced a concerning rise in mortality. These regional variations highlight the need for healthcare policymakers and practitioners to tailor public health strategies and interventions. The data serves as a call to action, particularly for regions where mortality rates are not improving, emphasizing the necessity for a nuanced, region-specific approach to combat the global challenge of HCC secondary to Hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Fnu Vikash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Vishali Moond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehman Jamil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samaritan Medical Centre, Watertown, MA 13601, United States
| | - Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Amir Humza Sohail
- Department of Surgery, New York University Winthrop Hospital, New York, Mineloa, NY 11501, United States
| | - Manesh Kumar Gangwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mather Hospital/Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, NY 11777, United States
| | - Sanjaya K Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
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Ahmed K, Jha S. Oncoviruses: How do they hijack their host and current treatment regimes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188960. [PMID: 37507056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have the ability to modulate the cellular machinery of their host to ensure their survival. While humans encounter numerous viruses daily, only a select few can lead to disease progression. Some of these viruses can amplify cancer-related traits, particularly when coupled with factors like immunosuppression and co-carcinogens. The global burden of cancer development resulting from viral infections is approximately 12%, and it arises as an unfortunate consequence of persistent infections that cause chronic inflammation, genomic instability from viral genome integration, and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and host oncogenes involved in normal cell growth. This review provides an in-depth discussion of oncoviruses and their strategies for hijacking the host's cellular machinery to induce cancer. It delves into how viral oncogenes drive tumorigenesis by targeting key cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the review discusses current therapeutic approaches that have been approved or are undergoing clinical trials to combat malignancies induced by oncoviruses. Understanding the intricate interactions between viruses and host cells can lead to the development of more effective treatments for virus-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Alizargar A, Chang YL, Tan TH. Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches on Hepatitis C Prediction Employing Data Mining Techniques. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:481. [PMID: 37106668 PMCID: PMC10135598 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Due to the late onset of symptoms, early diagnosis is difficult in this disease. Efficient prediction can save patients before permeant liver damage. The main objective of this study is to employ various machine learning techniques to predict this disease based on common and affordable blood test data to diagnose and treat patients in the early stages. In this study, six machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression, decision tree, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), artificial neural networks (ANN)) were utilized on two datasets. The performances of these techniques were compared in terms of confusion matrix, precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and the area under the curve (AUC) to identify a method that is appropriate for predicting this disease. The analysis, on NHANES and UCI datasets, revealed that SVM and XGBoost (with the highest accuracy and AUC among the test models, >80%) can be effective tools for medical professionals using routine and affordable blood test data to predict hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tan-Hsu Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (A.A.); (Y.-L.C.)
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McDuffie D, Barr D, Agarwal A, Thomas E. Physiologically relevant microsystems to study viral infection in the human liver. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999366. [PMID: 36246284 PMCID: PMC9555087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality. Infection can occur acutely or chronically, but the mechanisms that govern the clearance of virus or lack thereof are poorly understood and merit further investigation. Though cures for viral hepatitis have been developed, they are expensive, not readily accessible in vulnerable populations and some patients may remain at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after viral clearance. To sustain infection in vitro, hepatocytes must be fully mature and remain in a differentiated state. However, primary hepatocytes rapidly dedifferentiate in conventional 2D in vitro platforms. Physiologically relevant or physiomimetic microsystems, are increasingly popular alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monocultures for in vitro studies. Physiomimetic systems reconstruct and incorporate elements of the native cellular microenvironment to improve biologic functionality in vitro. Multiple elements contribute to these models including ancillary tissue architecture, cell co-cultures, matrix proteins, chemical gradients and mechanical forces that contribute to increased viability, longevity and physiologic function for the tissue of interest. These microsystems are used in a wide variety of applications to study biological phenomena. Here, we explore the use of physiomimetic microsystems as tools for studying viral hepatitis infection in the liver and how the design of these platforms is tailored for enhanced investigation of the viral lifecycle when compared to conventional 2D cell culture models. Although liver-based physiomimetic microsystems are typically applied in the context of drug studies, the platforms developed for drug discovery purposes offer a solid foundation to support studies on viral hepatitis. Physiomimetic platforms may help prolong hepatocyte functionality in order to sustain chronic viral hepatitis infection in vitro for studying virus-host interactions for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis McDuffie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - David Barr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashutosh Agarwal,
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Emmanuel Thomas,
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Zhang CH, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Fan J, Gao Q. Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. Liver Int 2022; 42:2029-2041. [PMID: 35319165 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of malignant death in Asia, and Asia reports 72.5% of the world's cases in 2020. As the most common histological type, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of incidence and mortality of liver cancer cases. This review presents the changing epidemiology of HCC in Asian countries in recent years. Globally, aged, male and Asian populations remain the group with the highest risk of HCC. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still the leading risk factors of HCC with a slight decline in most Asian countries, which is mainly attributed to HBV vaccination of newborns, prevention of HCV horizontal transmission and treatment of chronic hepatitis. However, the prevalence of HCC caused by metabolic factors, including metabolic syndrome, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, is increasing rapidly in Asian countries, which may eventually become the major cause of HCC. Excessive alcohol consumption continues to be an important risk factor as the average consumption of alcohol is still growing. Hopefully, great effort has been made to better prevention and treatment of HCC in most Asian regions, which significantly prolongs the survival of HCC patients. Asian countries tend to use more aggressive intervention than European and American countries, but it remains unclear whether this preference is related to a better prognosis. In conclusion, HCC remains a major disease burden in Asia, and the management of HCC should be adjusted dynamically based on the changing epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Antipchik M, Reut J, Ayankojo AG, Öpik A, Syritski V. MIP-based electrochemical sensor for direct detection of hepatitis C virus via E2 envelope protein. Talanta 2022; 250:123737. [PMID: 35850055 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is the most common liver disease caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and can evolve into serious health problems e.g. cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nowadays, the initial stage of the disease cannot be practically diagnosed, representing thus an extremely important problem of modern public health care. This study is aimed at the development of a sensor for direct detection of HCV. The sensor utilizes a synthetic recognition element prepared by the technology of molecular imprinting and representing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) having molecular recognition sites of HCV envelope protein E2 (E2-MIP). E2-MIP integrated into an electrochemical sensor platform allows quantitative evaluation of binding of free E2 protein as well as HCV-mimetic particles (HCV-MPs) in human plasma with LOD value of 4.6 × 10-4 ng/mL (for HCV-MPs). The developed electrochemical HCV sensor represents a simple, fast and inexpensive alternative for the existing methods of HCV detection and paves the way for the point-of care diagnostics of Hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Antipchik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jekaterina Reut
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Akinrinade George Ayankojo
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andres Öpik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vitali Syritski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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The Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)—Small Animal Model for Hepacivirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122421. [PMID: 34960690 PMCID: PMC8708279 DOI: 10.3390/v13122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people worldwide suffer from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which is frequently persistent. The lack of efficient vaccines against HCV and the unavailability of or limited compliance with existing antiviral therapies is problematic for health care systems worldwide. Improved small animal models would support further hepacivirus research, including development of vaccines and novel antivirals. The recent discovery of several mammalian hepaciviruses may facilitate such research. In this study, we demonstrated that bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) were susceptible to bank vole-associated Hepacivirus F and Hepacivirus J strains, based on the detection of hepaciviral RNA in 52 of 55 experimentally inoculated voles. In contrast, interferon α/β receptor deficient C57/Bl6 mice were resistant to infection with both bank vole hepaciviruses (BvHVs). The highest viral genome loads in infected voles were detected in the liver, and viral RNA was visualized by in situ hybridization in hepatocytes, confirming a marked hepatotropism. Furthermore, liver lesions in infected voles resembled those of HCV infection in humans. In conclusion, infection with both BvHVs in their natural hosts shares striking similarities to HCV infection in humans and may represent promising small animal models for this important human disease.
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LeBlanc EV, Kim Y, Capicciotti CJ, Colpitts CC. Hepatitis C Virus Glycan-Dependent Interactions and the Potential for Novel Preventative Strategies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060685. [PMID: 34205894 PMCID: PMC8230238 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to be a major contributor to liver disease worldwide. HCV treatment has become highly effective, yet there are still no vaccines or prophylactic strategies available to prevent infection and allow effective management of the global HCV burden. Glycan-dependent interactions are crucial to many aspects of the highly complex HCV entry process, and also modulate immune evasion. This review provides an overview of the roles of viral and cellular glycans in HCV infection and highlights glycan-focused advances in the development of entry inhibitors and vaccines to effectively prevent HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle V. LeBlanc
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (E.V.L.); (Y.K.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (E.V.L.); (Y.K.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Chantelle J. Capicciotti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (E.V.L.); (Y.K.); (C.J.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Che C. Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (E.V.L.); (Y.K.); (C.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Ribeiro IG, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Fradico JRB, Costa-Rocha IAD, Silva LD, Fonseca LADS, Stancioli RCS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira R. Remodeling of immunological biomarkers in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral therapy. Antiviral Res 2021; 190:105073. [PMID: 33887350 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The HCV treatment with DAAs has offered a unique opportunity to analyze the changes in the immune system caused by the rapid inhibition of viral replication. We sought to analyze the kinetics profiles of serum biomarkers (LuminexTM) in fifty patients with chronic hepatitis C enrolled in a longitudinal investigation carried out before (baseline), during (W2-4 and W8-12 weeks) and post-treatment (W12-24 weeks) with sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir or simeprevir. The results demonstrated a clear biomarker overproduction in HCV patients at baseline. The kinetics timeline of baseline fold changes upon DAAs treatment revealed an early decline of CXCL8, CCL4, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IL-9, GM-CSF and IL-7 at W8-12 and a late shift towards lower levels of CCL3, CCL2, CCL5, IL1β, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL1-Ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, PDGF, VEGF, G-CSF at W12-24. Our data demonstrated that HCV treatment with DAAs resulted in a clear change of the serum biomarker overproduction, hallmark of untreated HCV patients. High ALT (>69U/L), low platelet (≤150,000/mm3) and cirrhosis status at baseline were factors related to delayed immune response shift, as well as, in the kinetics of baseline fold changes in serum biomarkers. These findings added novel evidences for the immunological restoration process triggered by DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Gomes Ribeiro
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ismael Artur da Costa-Rocha
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Diniz Silva
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucy Ana Dos Santos Fonseca
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Carvalho Said Stancioli
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela Teixeira
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Widyawaruyanti A, Tanjung M, Permanasari AA, Saputri R, Tumewu L, Adianti M, Aoki-Utsubo C, Hotta H, Hafid AF, Wahyuni TS. Alkaloid and benzopyran compounds of Melicope latifolia fruit exhibit anti-hepatitis C virus activities. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:27. [PMID: 33435968 PMCID: PMC7802229 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New agents for developing alternative or complementary medicine to treat the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still needed due to high rates of HCV infection globally and the current limitations of available treatments. Treatment of HCV with a combination of direct acting antivirals have been shown to be approximately 90% effective but will be limited in the future due to the emergence of drug resistance and high cost. The leaves of Melicope latifolia have previously been reported to have anti-HCV activity and are a potential source of bioactive compounds for future novel drug development. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the extract of M. latifolia fruit to treat HCV and to isolate its active compounds. METHOD M. latifolia fruit was extracted using methanol and purified using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and Radial Chromatography. The anti-HCV activity was analyzed using cell culture lines Huh7it-1 and JFH1 (genotype 2a). Time-of-addition and immunoblotting studies were performed to identify the mode of action of the isolated active compounds. The structures of the active compounds were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, UV, IR, and Mass Spectra. RESULTS Six known compounds were isolated from M. latifolia fruit: O-methyloktadrenolon, alloevodionol, isopimpinellin, alloxanthoxyletin, methylevodionol, and N-methylflindersine. N-methylflidersine was the most active compound with IC50 value of 3.8 μg/ml while methylevodionol, isopimpinellin, and alloevodionol were less active. O-methyloktadrenolon and alloxanthoxyletin were moderately active with IC50 values of 10.9 and 21.72 μg/ml, respectively. N-methylflidersine decreased level of HCV NS3 protein expression in the cells. CONCLUSION The alkaloid compound, N-methylflindersine which was isolated from M. latifolia possesses anti-HCV activity through post-entry inhibition and suppressed NS3 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mulyadi Tanjung
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Adita Ayu Permanasari
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Saputri
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Tumewu
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Myrna Adianti
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Chie Aoki-Utsubo
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan
| | - Achmad Fuad Hafid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Sri Wahyuni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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11
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Falco A, Medina-Gali RM, Poveda JA, Bello-Perez M, Novoa B, Encinar JA. Antiviral Activity of a Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) NK-Lysin Peptide by Inhibition of Low-pH Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020087. [PMID: 30717094 PMCID: PMC6410327 DOI: 10.3390/md17020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global health is under attack by increasingly-frequent pandemics of viral origin. Antimicrobial peptides are a valuable tool to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Previous studies from our group have shown that the membrane-lytic region of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) NK-lysine short peptide (Nkl71–100) exerts an anti-protozoal activity, probably due to membrane rupture. In addition, NK-lysine protein is highly expressed in zebrafish in response to viral infections. In this work several biophysical methods, such as vesicle aggregation, leakage and fluorescence anisotropy, are employed to investigate the interaction of Nkl71–100 with different glycerophospholipid vesicles. At acidic pH, Nkl71–100 preferably interacts with phosphatidylserine (PS), disrupts PS membranes, and allows the content leakage from vesicles. Furthermore, Nkl71–100 exerts strong antiviral activity against spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) by inhibiting not only the binding of viral particles to host cells, but also the fusion of virus and cell membranes, which requires a low pH context. Such antiviral activity seems to be related to the important role that PS plays in these steps of the replication cycle of SVCV, a feature that is shared by other families of virus-comprising members with health and veterinary relevance. Consequently, Nkl71–100 is shown as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Falco
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - Regla María Medina-Gali
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Poveda
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - Melissa Bello-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
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12
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Lavie M, Hanoulle X, Dubuisson J. Glycan Shielding and Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus Neutralizing Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:910. [PMID: 29755477 PMCID: PMC5934428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein heterodimer, E1E2, plays an essential role in virus entry and assembly. Furthermore, due to their exposure at the surface of the virion, these proteins are the major targets of anti-HCV neutralizing antibodies. Their ectodomain are heavily glycosylated with up to 5 sites on E1 and up to 11 sites on E2 modified by N-linked glycans. Thus, one-third of the molecular mass of E1E2 heterodimer corresponds to glycans. Despite the high sequence variability of E1 and E2, N-glycosylation sites of these proteins are generally conserved among the seven major HCV genotypes. N-glycans have been shown to be involved in E1E2 folding and modulate different functions of the envelope glycoproteins. Indeed, site-directed mutagenesis studies have shown that specific glycans are needed for virion assembly and infectivity. They can notably affect envelope protein entry functions by modulating their affinity for HCV receptors and their fusion activity. Importantly, glycans have also been shown to play a key role in immune evasion by masking antigenic sites targeted by neutralizing antibodies. It is well known that the high mutational rate of HCV polymerase facilitates the appearance of neutralization resistant mutants, and occurrence of mutations leading to glycan shifting is one of the mechanisms used by this virus to escape host humoral immune response. As a consequence of the importance of the glycan shield for HCV immune evasion, the deletion of N-glycans also leads to an increase in E1E2 immunogenicity and can induce a more potent antibody response against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Lavie
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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13
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Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Global elimination of hepatitis C virus infection: Progresses and the remaining challenges. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1239-1252. [PMID: 29312527 PMCID: PMC5745585 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i33.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users (IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCV-infected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taherkhani
- the Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- the Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
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14
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Kitagawa K, Omoto C, Oda T, Araki A, Saito H, Shigemura K, Katayama T, Hotta H, Shirakawa T. Oral Combination Vaccine, Comprising Bifidobacterium Displaying Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 3 and Interferon-α, Induces Strong Cellular Immunity Specific to Nonstructural Protein 3 in Mice. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:196-203. [PMID: 28112593 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously generated an oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine using Bifidobacterium displaying the HCV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) polypeptide. NS3-specific cellular immunity is important for viral clearance and recovery from HCV infection. In this study, we enhanced the cellular immune responses induced by our oral HCV vaccine, Bifidobacterium longum 2165 (B. longum 2165), by combining interferon-α (IFN-α) as an adjuvant with the vaccine in a mouse experimental model. IFN-α is a widely used cytokine meeting the standard of care (SOC) for HCV infection and plays various immunoregulatory roles. We treated C57BL/6N mice with B. longum 2165 every other day and/or IFN-α twice a week for a month and then analyzed the immune responses using spleen cells. We determined the induction of NS3-specific cellular immunity by cytokine quantification, intracellular cytokine staining, and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay targeting EL4 tumor cells expressing NS3/4A protein (EL4-NS3/4A). We also treated mice bearing EL4-NS3/4A tumor with the combination therapy in vivo. The results confirmed that the combination therapy of B. longum 2165 and IFN-α induced significantly higher IFN-γ secretion, higher population of CD4+T and CD8+T cells secreting IFN-γ, and higher CTL activity against EL4-NS3/4A cells compared with the control groups of phosphate-buffered saline, B. longum 2165 alone, and IFN-α alone (p < 0.05). We also confirmed that the combination therapy strongly enhanced tumor growth inhibitory effects in vivo with no serious adverse effects (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the combination of B. longum 2165 and IFN-α could induce a strong cellular immunity specific to NS3 protein as a combination therapy augmenting the current SOC immunotherapy against chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kitagawa
- 1 Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Chika Omoto
- 2 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Oda
- 2 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayame Araki
- 2 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- 1 Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- 2 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan .,3 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Takane Katayama
- 4 Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- 2 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- 1 Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan .,2 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan .,3 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan .,5 Department of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science , Technology and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
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15
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Prabdial-Sing N, Chirwa T, Thaver J, Smuts H, Vermeulen M, Suchard M, Puren AJ. Hepatitis C genotype distribution in patient and blood donor samples in South Africa for the period 2008-2012. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:881-888. [PMID: 27545625 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are limited molecular epidemiological studies of hepatitis C at a national level in South Africa. The introduction of newer treatment modalities for hepatitis C requires knowledge of the genotypes as these may have different prognostic and therapeutic implications. This retrospective study describes genotype distributions of patients attending specialist clinics and a blood donor group studied during the period 2008-2012 in South Africa. Residual samples from diagnostic viral load testing from specialist clinics in South Africa (n=941) and from the South African National Blood Service (n=294) were analysed quantitatively by real-time PCR and genotyped using the Versant line probe assay or sequencing. Genotype 1 was predominant in blood donors (34%), whilst genotype 5a was prevalent in patients (36%). In the blood donor group, genotype 4 was detected for the first time. Genotype 2 was rare in the patient group and not detected in blood donors. Genotype 1 was the predominant genotype in the younger age groups (less than 30 years), whereas genotype 5a was found at higher proportions in the older age groups for both the patient and blood donor groups, comprising more than 60% of genotypes in those older than 50 years. Genotypes 1 and 5 were at highest proportions across all provinces compared to other genotypes. In blood donors, genotype 1 was predominant among Caucasians (43%) and genotype 5a among Blacks (54%). Such information is required for planning the impact on the health sector with regard to newly emerging therapies for hepatitis C and burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prabdial-Sing
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - T Chirwa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Thaver
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - H Smuts
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Vermeulen
- Donation Testing, South African National Blood Service, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - M Suchard
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Johannesburg, South Africa.,Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A J Puren
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Johannesburg, South Africa
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16
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Temporal dynamics of hepatitis C genotypes in a five-year hospital-based surveillance in Northern Italy. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2727-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Protective T Cell and Antibody Immune Responses against Hepatitis C Virus Achieved Using a Biopolyester-Bead-Based Vaccine Delivery System. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:370-8. [PMID: 26888185 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00687-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide problem. Chronic hepatitis C is recognized as one of the major causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Although new, directly acting antiviral therapies are suggested to overcome the low efficacy and adverse effects observed for the current standard of treatment, an effective vaccine would be the only way to certainly eradicate HCV infection. Recently, polyhydroxybutyrate beads produced by engineered Escherichia coli showed efficacy as a vaccine delivery system. Here, an endotoxin-free E. coli strain (ClearColi) was engineered to produce polyhydroxybutyrate beads displaying the core antigen on their surface (Beads-Core) and their immunogenicity was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Immunization with Beads-Core induced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion and a functional T cell immune response against the HCV Core protein. With the aim to target broad T and B cell determinants described for HCV, Beads-Core mixed with HCV E1, E2, and NS3 recombinant proteins was also evaluated in BALB/c mice. Remarkably, only three immunization with Beads-Core+CoE1E2NS3/Alum (a mixture of 0.1 μg Co.120, 16.7 μg E1.340, 16.7 μg E2.680, and 10 μg NS3 adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide [Alum]) induced a potent antibody response against E1 and E2 and a broad IFN-γ secretion and T cell response against Core and all coadministered antigens. This immunological response mediated protective immunity to viremia as assessed in a viral surrogate challenge model. Overall, it was shown that engineered biopolyester beads displaying foreign antigens are immunogenic and might present a particulate delivery system suitable for vaccination against HCV.
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18
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Zoidis G, Giannakopoulou E, Stevaert A, Frakolaki E, Myrianthopoulos V, Fytas G, Mavromara P, Mikros E, Bartenschlager R, Vassilaki N, Naesens L. Novel indole–flutimide heterocycles with activity against influenza PA endonuclease and hepatitis C virus. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based design and synthesis of novel indole–flutimide derivatives with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigoris Zoidis
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Panepistimiopolis-Zografou
| | - Erofili Giannakopoulou
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Panepistimiopolis-Zografou
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B-3000 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Panepistimiopolis-Zografou
| | - George Fytas
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Panepistimiopolis-Zografou
| | | | - Emmanuel Mikros
- School of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Panepistimiopolis-Zografou
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Molecular Virology
- University of Heidelberg
- Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Molecular Virology Laboratory
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B-3000 Leuven
- Belgium
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19
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Perlman DC, Des Jarlais DC, Feelemyer J. Can HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Infection be Eliminated Among Persons Who Inject Drugs? J Addict Dis 2015; 34:198-205. [PMID: 26075647 PMCID: PMC4550554 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2015.1059111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are readily transmitted among persons who inject drugs. The HIV and HCV epidemics have expanded rapidly, becoming global health issues. Combined prevention has been implemented to reduce injection and sexual transmission of HIV and HCV among persons who inject drugs. Reductions in risky injection and sexual behavior have led to dramatic reductions in HIV in many countries. Whether comparable reductions in HCV transmission can be achieved has yet to be determined. Eliminating HIV and HCV among persons who inject drugs will require considerable resources and commitment, particularly in low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Perlman
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY
- Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY
| | - Don C. Des Jarlais
- Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY
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20
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Manickam C, Reeves RK. Modeling HCV disease in animals: virology, immunology and pathogenesis of HCV and GBV-B infections. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:690. [PMID: 25538700 PMCID: PMC4259104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a global public health burden costing billions of dollars in health care annually. Even with rapidly advancing scientific technologies this disease still poses a significant threat due to a lack of vaccines and affordable treatment options. The immune correlates of protection and predisposing factors toward chronicity remain major obstacles to development of HCV vaccines and immunotherapeutics due, at least in part, to lack of a tangible infection animal model. This review discusses the currently available animal models for HCV disease with a primary focus on GB virus B (GBV-B) infection of New World primates that recapitulates the dual Hepacivirus phenotypes of acute viral clearance and chronic pathologic disease. HCV and GBV-B are also closely phylogenetically related and advances in characterization of the immune systems of New World primates have already led to the use of this model for drug testing and vaccine trials. Herein, we discuss the benefits and caveats of the GBV-B infection model and discuss potential avenues for future development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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