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India-Aldana S, Midya V, Betanzos-Robledo L, Yao M, Alcalá C, Andra SS, Arora M, Calafat AM, Chu J, Deierlein A, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Jagani R, Just AC, Kloog I, Landero J, Oulhote Y, Walker RW, Yelamanchili S, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Téllez Rojo MM, Colicino E, Cantoral A, Valvi D. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemical Mixtures during Pregnancy, Folic Acid Supplementation, and Liver Injury in Mother-Child Pairs. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.13.24308903. [PMID: 38947077 PMCID: PMC11213105 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.24308903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Scarce knowledge about the impact of metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) on liver injury limits opportunities for intervention. We evaluated pregnancy MDC-mixture associations with liver injury and effect modification by folic acid (FA) supplementation in mother-child pairs. Methods We studied ∼200 mother-child pairs from the Mexican PROGRESS cohort, with measured 43 MDCs during pregnancy (estimated air pollutants, blood/urine metals or metalloids, urine high- and low-molecular-weight phthalate [HMWPs, LMWPs] and organophosphate-pesticide [OP] metabolites), and serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST) at ∼9 years post-parturition. We defined liver injury as elevated liver enzymes in children, and using established clinical scores for steatosis and fibrosis in mothers (i.e., AST:ALT, FLI, HSI, FIB-4). Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum regression assessed MDC-mixture associations with liver injury outcomes. We further examined chemical-chemical interactions and effect modification by self-reported FA supplementation. Results In children, many MDC-mixtures were associated with liver injury outcomes. Per quartile HMWP-mixture increase, ALT increased by 10.1% (95%CI: 1.67%, 19.4%) and AST by 5.27% (95% CI: 0.80%, 10.1%). LMWP-mixtures and air pollutant-mixtures were associated with higher AST and ALT, respectively. Air pollutant and non-essential metal/element associations with liver enzymes were attenuated by maternal cobalt blood concentrations ( p -interactions<0.05). In mothers, only the LMWP-mixture was associated with liver injury [OR=1.53 (95%CI: 1.01, 2.28) for HSI>36, and OR=1.62 (95%CI: 1.05, 2.49) for AST:ALT<1]. In mothers and children, most associations were attenuated (null) at FA supplementation≥600mcg/day ( p -interactions<0.05). Conclusions Pregnancy MDC exposures may increase liver injury risk, particularly in children. These associations may be attenuated by higher FA supplementation and maternal cobalt levels.
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de Ruyter H, Aitokari L, Lahti S, Riekki H, Huhtala H, Lakka T, Laivuori H, Kurppa K. Maternal gestational hypertension, smoking and pre-eclampsia are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight offspring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:1183-1191. [PMID: 38433535 PMCID: PMC11103127 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to a steep increase in obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has also become the most common chronic hepatic condition among children and adolescents. Various maternal and pregnancy-related factors have also been implicated in the development of MAFLD, but human studies remain scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive data of 460 overweight or obese children aged 2-16 years were collected and combined with data on selected maternal and pregnancy-related factors for a case-control study. MALFD was defined as alanine aminotransferase >2× upper limit of normal. Children with and without MAFLD were compared regarding to the study variables and multivariable regression analysis was utilized. RESULTS Median age of the study children was 11.8 (quartiles 9.1-14.2) years; 44% were girls and 17.8% had MAFLD. Children with MAFLD were older (12.7 vs. 11.6 years, p = 0.002), while the groups did not differ age-standardized body mass index (BMI-SDS) or gender. Factors associated with MAFLD in a multivariable model considering also the offspring's present BMI-SDS, sex, and maternal prepregnancy overweight, were child's older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.28), maternal gestational smoking (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16-3.47), gestational hypertension (OR 3.44, 95% CI: 1.08-11.0) and pre-eclampsia (OR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.15-7.45). There was no significant association between MAFLD and maternal BMI, birth anthropometrics or perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia were associated with MAFLD among overweight or obese children. Further prospective studies are needed to verify causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna de Ruyter
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Linnea Aitokari
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Celiac Disease Research CenterTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Siiri Lahti
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Hanna Riekki
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Celiac Disease Research CenterTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- University Consortium of SeinäjokiSeinäjokiFinland
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Nairz J, Messner A, Kiechl SJ, Winder B, Hochmayr C, Egger AE, Griesmacher A, Geiger R, Griesmaier E, Pechlaner R, Knoflach M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. Determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young people: Maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298800. [PMID: 38386674 PMCID: PMC10883560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a cohort of 14- to 19-year-old adolescents. METHODS This study is part of the Early Vascular Ageing in the YOUth study, a single-center cross-sectional study conducted in western Austria. Maternal and neonatal factors were extracted from the mother-child booklet, adolescent factors were evaluated by a face-to-face interview, physical examination, and fasting blood analyses. Liver fat content was assessed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using signals acquired by FibroScan® (Echosense, Paris, France). The association of maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors with CAP values was analyzed using linear regression models. RESULTS In total, 595 adolescents (27.2% male) aged 17.0 ± 1.3 years were included. 4.9% (n = 29) showed manifest NAFLD with CAP values above the 90th percentile. Male sex (p < 0.001), adolescent triglyceride levels (p = 0.021), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index and BMI z-score (p < 0.001, each) showed a significant association with liver fat content in the multivariable analysis. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with CAP values after adjustment for sex, age, and birth weight for gestational age (p < 0.001), but this association was predominantly mediated by adolescent BMI (indirect effect b = 1.18, 95% CI [0.69, 1.77]). CONCLUSION Components of the metabolic syndrome were the most important predictors of adolescent liver fat content. Therefore, prevention of NAFLD should focus on lifestyle modification in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nairz
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Alex Messner
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Sophia J. Kiechl
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Bernhard Winder
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Feldkirch Hospital, Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, Austria
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Alexander E. Egger
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Elke Griesmaier
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Hanlon MA, Gulati R, Johnston M, Fleifil Y, Rivas M, Timchenko NA. Genetic Ablation of C/EBPα-p300 Pathway Blocks Development of Obese Pregnancy Associated Liver Disorders in Offspring. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:347-360. [PMID: 37967813 PMCID: PMC10821535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a common cause of pediatric liver diseases, including the pediatric liver cancer hepatoblastoma. The mechanisms behind the development of fatty liver in children are not yet known. We examined the role of the C/EBPα-p300 pathway in the development of maternal obesity-associated fatty liver phenotype in offspring. METHODS Because the ability of C/EBPα to promote fatty liver phenotype is enhanced by CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of C/EBPα at Ser193 and subsequent formation of C/EBPα-p300 complexes, we used wild-type (WT) and C/EBPα-S193D and C/EBPα-S193A mutant mice to study the effects of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on the liver health of offspring. The females of these mouse lines were fed an HFD before mating, and the pups were further subjected to either an HFD or a normal diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS WT female mice on the HFD before and during pregnancy and their subsequent offspring on the HFD had severe fatty liver, fibrosis, and an increased rate of liver proliferation. However, the HFD in C/EBPα-S193A mice did not cause development of these disorders. In HFD-HFD treated WT mice, C/EBPα is phosphorylated at Ser193 and forms complexes with p300, which activate expression of genes involved in development of fatty liver, fibrosis, and proliferation. However, S193A-C/EBPα mice do not have complexes of C/EBPα-S193A with p300, leading to a lack of activation of genes of fatty liver, fibrosis, and proliferation. The mutant C/EBPα-S193D mice have accelerated cdk4-dependent pathway and have developed steatosis at early stages. CONCLUSIONS These studies identified the epigenetic cause of obese pregnancy-associated liver diseases and suggest a potential therapy based on inhibition of cdk4-ph-S193-C/EBPα-p300 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Hanlon
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ruhi Gulati
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Johnston
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yasmeen Fleifil
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria Rivas
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP) Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Querter I, Pauwels NS, De Bruyne R, Dupont E, Verhelst X, Devisscher L, Van Vlierberghe H, Geerts A, Lefere S. Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:740-755. [PMID: 33862225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common pediatric liver disease. The intrauterine and early life environment can have an important impact on long-term metabolic health. We investigated the impact of maternal prepregnancy obesity, (pre)gestational diabetes, breastfeeding, and birth anthropometrics/preterm birth on the development of NAFLD in children and adolescents. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed Central, EMBASE, and grey literature databases through August 2020. The primary outcome was the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD, whereas the histologic severity of steatohepatitis and/or fibrosis were secondary outcomes. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS Our systematic review included 33 articles. Study heterogeneity regarding patient populations, diagnostic tools, and overall quality was considerable. Eight studies determined the impact of maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and identified this as a possible modifiable risk factor for pediatric NAFLD. Conversely, 8 studies investigated (pre)gestational diabetes, yet the evidence on its impact is conflicting. Breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk for NAFLD, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis, especially in studies that evaluated longer periods of breastfeeding. Being born preterm or small for gestational age has an unclear impact on the development of NAFLD, although an early catch-up growth might drive NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In a systematic review, we found that maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of pediatric NAFLD. Breastfeeding might be protective against the development of NAFLD when the duration of breastfeeding is sufficiently long (≥6 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Querter
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent
| | - Nele S Pauwels
- Knowledge Center for Health Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent
| | - Ruth De Bruyne
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent
| | | | - Xavier Verhelst
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent
| | - Anja Geerts
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent; Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Shapiro WL, Noon SL, Schwimmer JB. Recent advances in the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12849. [PMID: 34498413 PMCID: PMC8807003 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Children with obesity are at risk for numerous health problems, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review focuses on progress made in the epidemiology of NAFLD in children for the years 2015-2020. The estimated prevalence of NAFLD in children with obesity is 26%. The incidence of NAFLD in children has risen rapidly over the past decade. An understanding of the reasons for this rise is incomplete, but over the past 5 years, many studies have provided additional insight into the complexity of risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and associated comorbidities. Risk factors for NAFLD are wide-ranging, including perinatal factors involving both the mother and newborn, as well as environmental toxin exposure. Progress made in the noninvasive assessment will be critical to improving issues related to variability in approach to screening and diagnosis of NAFLD in children. The list of serious comorbidities observed in children with NAFLD continues to grow. Notably, for many of these conditions, such as diabetes and depression, the rates observed have exceeded the rates reported in children with obesity without NAFLD. Recent advancements reviewed show an increased awareness of this problem, while also calling attention to the need for additional research to guide successful efforts at prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren L. Shapiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California,Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California
| | - Sheila L. Noon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
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Han S, Zhu F, Huang X, Yan P, Xu K, Shen F, Sun J, Yang Z, Jin G, Teng Y. Maternal obesity accelerated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring mice by reducing autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:716. [PMID: 34007325 PMCID: PMC8120514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation product recovery process, which widely occurs in eukaryotic cells, responsible for the vital maintenance of cellular energy balance. Previously published studies have demonstrated that autophagy is closely related to NAFLD occurrence and maternal obesity increases the susceptibility of offspring to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, however, the underlying mechanism of this remains unclear. In the present study, NAFLD mouse models (offspring of an obese mother mouse via high-fat feeding) were generated, and the physiological indices of the liver were observed using total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein serum assay kits. The morphological changes of the liver were also observed via HE, Masson and oil red O staining. Reverse transcription-quantitative-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect changes of autophagy-related genes in liver or fibrosis marker proteins (α-smooth muscle actin or TGF-β1). Changes in serum inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were determined via ELISA. The results of the present study demonstrated that the offspring of an obese mother were more likely to develop NALFD than the offspring of a chow-fed mother, due to their increased association with liver fibrosis. When feeding continued to 17 weeks, the worst cases of NAFLD were observed and the level of autophagy decreased significantly compared with the offspring of a normal weight mouse. In addition, after 17 weeks of feeding, compared with the offspring of a chow-fed mother, the offspring of an obese mouse mother had reduced adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels and increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation levels. These results suggested that a reduced level of AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy may be of vital importance for the increased susceptibility of offspring to NAFLD caused by maternal obesity. In conclusion, the current study provided a new direction for the treatment of NAFLD in offspring caused by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Han
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Yan
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Guoxi Jin
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Teng
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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Guibourdenche M, El Khayat El Sabbouri H, Bonnet F, Djekkoun N, Khorsi-Cauet H, Corona A, Guibourdenche J, Bach V, Anton PM, Gay-Quéheillard J. Perinatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or a high-fat diet is associated with liver damage in male rat offspring. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203678. [PMID: 33994353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic impairments in childhood are known to promote the development of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity in adulthood. These impairments may result from perinatal exposure to harmful environmental factors, such as pesticide residues or the consumption of a "western" diet. In the present study, we sought to determine whether an obesogenic profile, metabolic disorders and liver damage in offspring (observed during young adulthood) were related to maternal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or a high-fat diet (HFD) starting 4 months before conception and ending at weaning. After the end of exposure, 51 male rat pups were left to develop under normal conditions and were studied in young adulthood. Despite the absence of direct exposure to harmful factors (other than through the dam's milk), maternal exposure to CPF or an HFD was associated with changes in the offspring's metabolic activity in the liver in the offspring. This indirect exposure to CPF was associated with a relative reduction in the expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in lipid or glucose metabolism but did induce histopathological changes in the offspring at adulthood. Maternal exposure to an HFD alone or to CPF alone gave similar results in offspring, changes in the same direction. Exposure of the mother to HFD did not exacerbate CPF effects. Co-exposure to both CPF and HFD did not increase the observed effects compared to each factor taken separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Guibourdenche
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, Beauvais, France
| | | | - Fidéline Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, CHU Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Paris. France
| | - Narimane Djekkoun
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Aurélie Corona
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, CHU Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Paris. France
| | - Véronique Bach
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline M Anton
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, Beauvais, France
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9
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Maskarinec G, Garber AK, Wong MC, Kelly N, Kazemi L, Buchthal SD, Fearnbach N, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Predictors of liver fat among children and adolescents from five different ethnic groups. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 7:53-62. [PMID: 33680492 PMCID: PMC7909587 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives As rates of obesity around the world have increased, so has the detection of high level of liver fat in children and adolescents. This may put them at risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. This analysis of a cross‐sectional population‐based study of children and adolescents evaluated demographic and lifestyle determinants of percent liver fat. Methods Healthy participants (123 girls and 99 boys aged 5–17 years) recruited by convenience sampling in three locations completed questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and dual X‐ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment. General linear models were applied to estimate the association of demographic, anthropometric, and dietary factors as well as physical activity with MRI‐based percent liver fat. Results The strongest predictor of liver fat was body mass index (BMI; p < 0.0001); overweight and obesity were associated with 0.5% and 1% higher liver fat levels. The respective adjusted mean percent values were 2.9 (95% CI 2.7, 3.1) and 3.4 (95% CI 3.2, 3.6) as compared to normal weight (2.4; 95% CI 2.3, 2.6). Mean percent liver fat was highest in Whites and African Americans, intermediate in Hispanic, and lowest among Asians and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (p < 0.0001). Age (p = 0.67), sex (p = 0.28), physical activity (p = 0.74), and diet quality (p = 0.70) were not significantly related with liver fat. Conclusions This study in multiethnic children and adolescents confirms the strong relationship of BMI with percent liver fat even in a population with low liver fat levels without detecting an association with age, sex, and dietary or physical activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea K Garber
- University of California at San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | | | - Nisa Kelly
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Leila Kazemi
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu Hawaii USA
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