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Guo X, Wang Q, Yang Q, Gong Z, Wu Y, Liu X. Effects of molecular structure and charge state on the foaming and emulsifying properties of Spirulina protein isolates. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114407. [PMID: 38763661 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae protein holds great potential for various applications in the food industry. However, the current knowledge regarding microalgae protein remains limited, with little information available on its functional properties. Furthermore, the relationship between its molecular structure and functional properties is not well defined, which limits its application in food processing. This study aims to addresses these gaps though an analysis of the emulsibility and foamability of various soluble protein isolates from two species of Spirulina (Arthospira platensis and Spirulina platensis), and the functional properties of Spirulina protein isolates in relation to its molecular structure and charge state. Results revealed that the degree of cross-linking and aggregation or folding and curling of protein tertiary structures was higher in the highly soluble Spirulina protein isolates (AP50% and SP50%) than in the low-solubility isolates (AP30% and SP30%). The foaming capacity (FC) of AP50% and SP50% was found to be lower than that of AP30% and SP30%. Spirulina protein isolates can stably adsorb at the air-water interface for at least 20 min and possessed good interfacial activity. A high pH value was found to promote cross-linking of protein particles at the oil-water interface, thereby reinforcing the internal network structure of emulsions and increasing viscosity. These findings provide preliminary insights for potential applications of Spirulina protein isolates in food production, especially towards quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiYong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Baldisserotto C, Gessi S, Ferraretto E, Merighi S, Ardondi L, Giacò P, Ferroni L, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pancaldi S. Cultivation modes affect the morphology, biochemical composition, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7. [PMID: 38864933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered promising sustainable sources of natural bioactive compounds to be used in biotechnological sectors. In recent years, attention is increasingly given to the search of microalgae-derived compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for nutraceutical or pharmacological issues. In this context, attention is usually focused on the composition and bioactivity of algae or their extracts, while less interest is driven to their biological features, for example, those related to morphology and cultivation conditions. In addition, specific studies on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of microalgae mainly concern Chlorella or Spirulina. The present work was focused on the characterization of the Chlorophyta Neochloris oleoabundans under two combinations of cultivation modes: autotrophy and glucose-induced mixotrophy, each followed by starvation. Biomass for morphological and biochemical characterization, as well as for extract preparation, was harvested at the end of each cultivation phase. Analyses indicated a different content of the most important classes of bioactive compounds with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (lipids, exo-polysaccharides, pigments, total phenolics, and proteins). In particular, the most promising condition able to prompt the production of antioxidant algal biomass with anti-inflammatory properties was the mixotrophic one. Under mixotrophy, beside an elevated algal biomass production, a strong photosynthetic metabolism with high appression of thylakoid membranes and characteristics of high photo-protection from oxidative damage was observed and linked to the overproduction of exo-polysaccharides and lipids rather than pigments. Overall, mixotrophy appears a good choice to produce natural bioactive extracts, potentially well tolerated by human metabolism and environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Ferraretto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ardondi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Giacò
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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3
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Spínola MP, Costa MM, Prates JAM. Effect of Cumulative Spirulina Intake on Broiler Meat Quality, Nutritional and Health-Related Attributes. Foods 2024; 13:799. [PMID: 38472912 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess how different cumulative levels of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) intake influence individual broiler meat quality parameters, nutritional value and health-related traits. The data analysed showed varying cumulative Spirulina intake levels, ranging from 3.46 to 521 g/bird, with large changes in meat traits. The key findings indicate that Spirulina intake significantly enhances meat colour, primarily due to its rich carotenoid content. However, this enhancement shows a saturation effect at higher intake levels, where additional Spirulina does not further improve the colour. Regarding the meat nutritional profile, Spirulina increases beneficial n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces lipid oxidation. These effects on meat, however, are not linear and become more complex at higher microalga intake levels. Regarding meat sensory attributes, moderate Spirulina levels positively influence flavour and texture. Still, higher levels may lead to changes not universally preferred by meat consumers, highlighting the need for balanced Spirulina inclusion in diets. Optimal Spirulina cumulative intake levels must be identified to balance meat's nutritional benefits with consumer preferences. Additionally, ensuring Spirulina's purity and adherence to regulatory standards is essential for consumer safety and market access. These findings provide valuable insights for poultry nutritionists and the food industry, emphasising the necessity of a balanced approach to Spirulina's incorporation in poultry diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Spínola
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica M Costa
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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de Souza Celente G, de Cassia de Souza Schneider R, Medianeira Rizzetti T, Lobo EA, Sui Y. Using wastewater as a cultivation alternative for microalga Dunaliella salina: Potentials and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168812. [PMID: 38000734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Untreated or poorly treated wastewater still represents environmental issues world-widely. Wastewater, especially saline wastewater treatment, is still primarily associated with high costs from physical and chemical processes, as high salinity hinders biological treatment. One favourable way is to find the suitable biological pathways and organisms to improve the biological treatment efficiency. In this context, halophilic microorganisms could be strong candidates to address the economics and effectiveness of the saline wastewater treatment process. Dunaliella salina is a photoautotrophic microalga that grows in saline environments. It is known for producing marketable bio-compounds such as carotenoids, lipids, and proteins. A biological treatment based on D. salina cultivation offers the opportunity to treat saline wastewater, reducing the threat of possible eutrophication from inappropriate discharge. At the same time, D. salina cultivation could yield compounds of industrial relevance to turn saline wastewater treatment into a profitable and sustainable process. Most research on D. salina has primarily focused on bioproduct generation, leaving thorough reviews of its application in wastewater treatment inadequate. This paper discusses the future challenges and opportunities of using D. salina to treat wastewater from different sources. The main conclusions are (1) D. salina effectively recovers some heavy metals (driven by metal binding capacity and exposure time) and nutrients (driven by pH, their bioavailability, and functional groups in the cell); (2) salinity plays a significant role in bioproducts generation, and (3) wastewater can be combined with the generation of bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleison de Souza Celente
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Centre of Excellence in Oleochemical and Biotechnological Products and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Centre of Excellence in Oleochemical and Biotechnological Products and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiele Medianeira Rizzetti
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Centre of Excellence in Oleochemical and Biotechnological Products and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alcayaga Lobo
- Environmental Technology Post-graduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Yixing Sui
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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5
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Sun D, Wu S, Li X, Ge B, Zhou C, Yan X, Ruan R, Cheng P. The Structure, Functions and Potential Medicinal Effects of Chlorophylls Derived from Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:65. [PMID: 38393036 PMCID: PMC10890356 DOI: 10.3390/md22020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered to be natural producers of bioactive pigments, with the production of pigments from microalgae being a sustainable and economical strategy that promises to alleviate growing demand. Chlorophyll, as the main pigment of photosynthesis, has been widely studied, but its medicinal applications as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor reagent are still poorly understood. Chlorophyll is the most important pigment in plants and algae, which not only provides food for organisms throughout the biosphere, but also plays an important role in a variety of human and man-made applications. The biological activity of chlorophyll is closely related to its chemical structure; its specific structure offers the possibility for its medicinal applications. This paper reviews the structural and functional roles of microalgal chlorophylls, commonly used extraction methods, and recent advances in medicine, to provide a theoretical basis for the standardization and commercial production and application of chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Songlin Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (D.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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6
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Nikolova K, Gentscheva G, Gyurova D, Pavlova V, Dincheva I, Velikova M, Gerasimova A, Makedonski L, Gergov G. Metabolomic Profile of Arthrospira platensis from a Bulgarian Bioreactor-A Potential Opportunity for Inclusion in Dietary Supplements. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38398682 PMCID: PMC10890032 DOI: 10.3390/life14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to elucidate the metabolomic profile of Arthrospira platensis grown in a bioreactor in Bulgaria. The results show that Arthrospira platensis has a high content of mannose, 137.02 mg g-1, and vitamin A (retinol)-10.3 μg/100 g. High concentrations of calcium, sulfur, and zinc distinguish its elemental composition. The freeze-dried powder contained 15.81 ± 0.45% dietary fiber, 50.16 ± 0.25% total protein content, and 1.22 ± 0.11% total fat content. Among the unsaturated fatty acids with the highest content is α-linolenic acid (25.28%), while among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid prevails (22.55%). Of the sterols in the sample, β-sitosterol predominated. There is no presence of microcystins LR, RR, YR, and nodularin. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis grown in a Bulgarian bioreactor is safe for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Many of the organic compounds found have applications in medicine and pharmacology and play an important role in biochemical processes in the body. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis grown in Bulgaria has a high potential for use as an independent food supplement or in combination with other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galia Gentscheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Gyurova
- Department of Analytical and Laboratory Activities, National Center of Public Health and Analyses—Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.G.)
| | - Vera Pavlova
- Department of Analytical and Laboratory Activities, National Center of Public Health and Analyses—Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.G.)
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Margarita Velikova
- Department of Physiology, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Anelia Gerasimova
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubomir Makedonski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Georgi Gergov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bontchev Str., Bl.103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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7
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Wang M, Ye X, Bi H, Shen Z. Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 38254224 PMCID: PMC10804497 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of microalgal biofuels is of significant importance in advancing the energy transition, alleviating food pressure, preserving the natural environment, and addressing climate change. Numerous countries and regions across the globe have conducted extensive research and strategic planning on microalgal bioenergy, investing significant funds and manpower into this field. However, the microalgae biofuel industry has faced a downturn due to the constraints of high costs. In the past decade, with the development of new strains, technologies, and equipment, the feasibility of large-scale production of microalgae biofuel should be re-evaluated. Here, we have gathered research results from the past decade regarding microalgae biofuel production, providing insights into the opportunities and challenges faced by this industry from the perspectives of microalgae selection, modification, and cultivation. In this review, we suggest that highly adaptable microalgae are the preferred choice for large-scale biofuel production, especially strains that can utilize high concentrations of inorganic carbon sources and possess stress resistance. The use of omics technologies and genetic editing has greatly enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae. However, the associated risks have constrained the feasibility of large-scale outdoor cultivation. Therefore, the relatively controllable cultivation method of photobioreactors (PBRs) has made it the mainstream approach for microalgae biofuel production. Moreover, adjusting the performance and parameters of PBRs can also enhance lipid accumulation in microalgae. In the future, given the relentless escalation in demand for sustainable energy sources, microalgae biofuels should be deemed a pivotal constituent of national energy planning, particularly in the case of China. The advancement of synthetic biology helps reduce the risks associated with genetically modified (GM) microalgae and enhances the economic viability of their biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hongwen Bi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhongbao Shen
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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8
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Cao K, Cui Y, Sun F, Zhang H, Fan J, Ge B, Cao Y, Wang X, Zhu X, Wei Z, Yao Q, Ma J, Wang Y, Meng C, Gao Z. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for producing high-value natural pigments in Microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108236. [PMID: 37586543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are microorganisms capable of producing bioactive compounds using photosynthesis. Microalgae contain a variety of high value-added natural pigments such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and chlorophylls. These pigments play an important role in many areas such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Natural pigments have a health value that is unmatched by synthetic pigments. However, the current commercial production of natural pigments from microalgae is not able to meet the growing market demand. The use of metabolic engineering and synthetic biological strategies to improve the production performance of microalgal cell factories is essential to promote the large-scale production of high-value pigments from microalgae. This paper reviews the health and economic values, the applications, and the synthesis pathways of microalgal pigments. Overall, this review aims to highlight the latest research progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in constructing engineered strains of microalgae with high-value pigments and the application of CRISPR technology and multi-omics in this context. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the bottlenecks and challenges of microalgal pigment production and their future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yulin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fengjie Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yujiao Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255090, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zuoxi Wei
- School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qingshou Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinju Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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Prandi B, Boukid F, Van De Walle S, Cutroneo S, Comaposada J, Van Royen G, Sforza S, Tedeschi T, Castellari M. Protein Quality and Protein Digestibility of Vegetable Creams Reformulated with Microalgae Inclusion. Foods 2023; 12:2395. [PMID: 37372606 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a valuable source of proteins that are used to enhance the nutritional value of foods. In this study, a standard vegetable cream recipe was reformulated through the addition of single-cell ingredients from Arthrospira platensis (spirulina), Chlorella vulgaris, Tetraselmis chui, or Nannochloropsis oceanica at two levels of addition (1.5% and 3.0%). The impact of microalgae species and an addition level on the amino acid profile and protein in vitro digestibility of the vegetable creams was investigated. The addition of microalgae to vegetable creams improved the protein content and the amino acid nutritional profile of vegetable creams, whereas no significant differences were observed in protein digestibility, regardless of the species and level of addition, indicating a similar degree of protein digestibility in microalgae species despite differences in their protein content and amino acid profile. This study indicates that the incorporation of microalgae is a feasible strategy to increase the protein content and nutritional quality of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Girona, Spain
- ClonBio Group Ltd., 6 Fitzwilliam Pl, D02 XE61 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Van De Walle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Sara Cutroneo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Josep Comaposada
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Girona, Spain
| | - Geert Van Royen
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellari
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Girona, Spain
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10
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Eilertsen HC, Strømholt J, Bergum JS, Eriksen GK, Ingebrigtsen R. Mass Cultivation of Microalgae: II. A Large Species Pulsing Blue Light Concept. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020040. [PMID: 37218757 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
If mass cultivation of photoautotrophic microalgae is to gain momentum and find its place in the new "green future", exceptional optimizations to reduce production costs must be implemented. Issues related to illumination should therefore constitute the main focus, since it is the availability of photons in time and space that drives synthesis of biomass. Further, artificial illumination (e.g., LEDs) is needed to transport enough photons into dense algae cultures contained in large photobioreactors. In the present research project, we employed short-term O2 production and 7-day batch cultivation experiments to evaluate the potential to reduce illumination light energy by applying blue flashing light to cultures of large and small diatoms. Our results show that large diatom cells allow more light penetration for growth compared to smaller cells. PAR (400-700 nm) scans yielded twice as much biovolume-specific absorbance for small biovolume (avg. 7070 μm3) than for large biovolume (avg. 18,703 μm3) cells. The dry weight (DW) to biovolume ratio was 17% lower for large than small cells, resulting in a DW specific absorbance that was 1.75 times higher for small cells compared to large cells. Blue 100 Hz square flashing light yielded the same biovolume production as blue linear light in both the O2 production and batch experiments at the same maximum light intensities. We therefore suggest that, in the future, more focus should be placed on researching optical issues in photobioreactors, and that cell size and flashing blue light should be central in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Chr Eilertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Finnfjord AS, N-9305 Finnsnes, Norway
| | | | | | - Gunilla Kristina Eriksen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Richard Ingebrigtsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Liu R, Li Y, Zhou C, Tan M. Pickering emulsions stabilized with a spirulina protein-chitosan complex for astaxanthin delivery. Food Funct 2023; 14:4254-4266. [PMID: 37067860 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a lipid-soluble carotenoid with good anti-oxidation, hepatic steatosis reduction, anti-inflammation, and intestinal microbiota regulation ability, whose poor stability and pH vulnerability limit its bioavailability. Spirulina protein (SP) derived from spirulina has good emulsifying ability with potential application in nutraceuticals, medicines, and cosmetics. In this study, Pickering emulsions were prepared using a SP-chitosan (CS) complex as an emulsifier. The particle size, zeta potential, and three-phase contact angle of the SP-CS complex with different SP to CS ratios were investigated. A mass ratio of 1 : 2.5 SP-CS complex showed a good emulsifying ability in preparing Pickering emulsion. A higher storage modulus and viscoelasticity were observed with higher SP-CS complex concentrations and oil fractions. The SP-CS Pickering emulsion significantly improved the stability of AXT in different environments. The lipid release rate and AXT bioavailability after digestion of 3 wt% SP-CS complex-stabilized Pickering emulsion reached 70.54 ± 1.59% and 36.60 ± 3.44%, respectively. The results indicated that the SP-CS complex could act as a Pickering emulsion stabilizer and had the potential to deliver protective hydrophobic AXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Liu
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chengfu Zhou
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
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12
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Wang Y, Li L, Zhao D, Zhou W, Chen L, Su G, Zhang Z, Liu T. Surface patterns of mortar plates influence Spirulina platensis biofilm attached cultivation: Experiment and modeling. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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13
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Mussai P, Larsen J, Alrefaei AF, Jeewon R. Ribosomal DNA Sequence-Based Taxonomy and Antimicrobial Activity of Prorocentrum spp. (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius Coastal Waters, South-West Indian Ocean. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040216. [PMID: 37103354 PMCID: PMC10143094 DOI: 10.3390/md21040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms and commonly present in the euphotic zone of marine ecosystems. From the western coast of Mauritius, three strains of Prorocentrum species were isolated from macrophytes and cultured under standard laboratory conditions. Morphologies were examined by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analyses were based on partial large subunit LSU rDNA (D1-D2) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) regions. Three Prorocentrum species, including the P. fukuyoi complex, P. rhathymum, and P. lima complex, were identified. The antimicrobial activities were assayed against potential human pathogenic bacterial strains. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded for intracellular and extracellular protein extracts of Prorocentrum rhathymum against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The polysaccharide extracts of the Prorocentrum fukuyoi complex had a higher zone of inhibition (24 ± 0.4 mm) against MRSA at a minimum concentration of 0.625 μg/mL. The extracts from the three Prorocentrum species had different levels of activity against the pathogens used, and this can be of scientific interest in the search for antibiotics from natural marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Mussai
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Jacob Larsen
- IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Ayswaria R, Vijayan J, Nathan VK. Antimicrobial peptides derived from microalgae for combating antibiotic resistance: Current status and prospects. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:142-151. [PMID: 36738178 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic cell factories that produce a spectrum of bioactive compounds extensively used for various applications. Owing to the increase in antibiotic resistance among microbial pathogens, there is a significant thrust for identifying new treatment strategies, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) generation is one such method. These AMPs have multiple roles and are active against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Such peptides synthesized in microalgae have a significant role in medical application, managing aquaculture-associated diseases, and the food industry. To increase their effectiveness and novel peptides, genetically modified microalgae are used as cell factories. With the advancement of new technologies like the CRISPR-Cas system, new avenues are opened for developing novel AMPs using microalgae. This review gives us insight into the various AMPs produced by microalgae and multiple technologies involved in creating such therapeutically essential molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ayswaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Mercy College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Jasna Vijayan
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Ibrahim TNBT, Feisal NAS, Kamaludin NH, Cheah WY, How V, Bhatnagar A, Ma Z, Show PL. Biological active metabolites from microalgae for healthcare and pharmaceutical industries: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128661. [PMID: 36690215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms which comprise of species from several phyla. Microalgae are promising in producing a varieties of products, including food, feed supplements, chemicals, and biofuels. Medicinal supplements derived from microalgae are of a significant market in which compounds such as -carotene, astaxanthin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and polysaccharides such as -glucan, are prominent. Microalgae species which are commonly applied for commercial productions include Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros (Chlorella sp.), Arthrospira sp. (Spirulina Bioactive) and many more. In this present review, microalgae species which are feasible in metabolites production are being summarized. Metabolites produced by microalgae as well as their prospective applications in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, are comprehensively discussed. This evaluation is greatly assisting industrial stakeholders, investors, and researchers in making business decisions, investing in ventures, and moving the production of microalgae-based metabolites forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Nilam Baizura Tengku Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azalina Suzianti Feisal
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haziqah Kamaludin
- Center of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vivien How
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St - Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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16
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Saini RK, Ravishankar GA, Keum Y. Microalgae and Thraustochytrids are Sustainable Sources of Vegan EPA and DHA with Commercial Feasibility. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:155-158. [PMID: 37188231 PMCID: PMC10172403 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegan diets preclude the availability of some of the essential fatty acids supplied by foods of animal origin. Significantly, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids are long-chain (LC)-omega - 3 (n - 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), widely known for preventing a variety of metabolic diseases. In addition to vegan-food supplements, there is increasing demand for infant foods and health foods from dietary sources of EPA and DHA from plant origin. Their demands are being met industrially by utilizing thraustochytrids (marine protists) and microalgae-based platforms. The importance of these organisms is highlighted for the sustainable production of biotechnologically derived specialty lipids for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young‐Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701 Korea
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17
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Bioprocessing to Preserve and Improve Microalgae Nutritional and Functional Potential: Novel Insight and Perspectives. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050983. [PMID: 36900500 PMCID: PMC10001325 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are aquatic unicellular microorganisms and, although various species are approved for human consumption, Arthrospira and Chlorella are the most widespread. Several nutritional and functional properties have been bestowed to microalgae principal micro- and macro-nutrients, with antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer being the most common. The many references to their potential as a food of the future is mainly ascribed to the high protein and essential amino acid content, but they are also a source of pigments, lipids, sterols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and phenolic compounds with positive effects on human health. Nevertheless, microalgae use is often hindered by unpleasant color and flavor and several strategies have been sought to minimize such challenges. This review provides an overview of the strategies so far proposed and the main nutritional and functional characteristic of microalgae and the foods made thereof. Processing treatments have been used to enrich microalgae-derived substrates in compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-hypertensive properties. Extraction, microencapsulation, enzymatic treatments, and fermentation are the most common, each with their own pros and cons. Yet, for microalgae to be the food of the future, more effort should be put into finding the right pre-treatments that can allow the use of the whole biomass and be cost-effective while bringing about features that go beyond the mere increase of proteins.
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18
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Effects of Microalgae on Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020449. [PMID: 36830009 PMCID: PMC9952430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disturbances, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hyperglycemia. Adopting a healthier lifestyle and multiple drug-based therapies are current ways to manage MetS, but they have limited efficacy, albeit the prevalence of MetS is rising. Microalgae is a part of the human diet and has also been consumed as a health supplement to improve insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and several components of MetS. These therapeutic effects of microalgae are attributed to the bioactive compounds present in them that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, studies investigating the potential of microalgae in alleviating MetS are becoming more popular, but a review on this topic remains scarce. In this review, we discuss the effects of microalgae, specifically on MetS, by reviewing the evidence from scientific literature covering in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, we also discuss the underlying mechanisms that modulate the effects of microalgae on MetS, and the limitations and future perspectives of developing microalgae as a health supplement for MetS. Microalgae supplementation is becoming a viable approach in alleviating metabolic disturbances and as a unique addition to the management of MetS.
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19
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Zafar SU, Mehra A, Nesamma AA, Jutur PP. Innovations in algal biorefineries for production of sustainable value chain biochemicals from the photosynthetic cell factories. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Yin FW, Zhan CT, Huang J, Sun XL, Yin LF, Zheng WL, Luo X, Zhang YY, Fu YQ. Efficient Co-production of Docosahexaenoic Acid Oil and Carotenoids in Aurantiochytrium sp. Using a Light Intensity Gradient Strategy. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:623-638. [PMID: 36114924 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium is a promising source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids, but their synthesis is influenced by environmental stress factors. In this study, the effect of different light intensities on the fermentation of DHA oil and carotenoids using Aurantiochytrium sp. TZ209 was investigated. The results showed that dark culture and low light intensity conditions did not affect the normal growth of cells, but were not conducive to the accumulation of carotenoids. High light intensity promoted the synthesis of DHA and carotenoids, but caused cell damage, resulting in a decrease of oil yield. To solve this issue, a light intensity gradient strategy was developed, which markedly improved the DHA and carotenoid content without reducing the oil yield. This strategy produced 30.16 g/L of microalgal oil with 15.11 g/L DHA, 221 µg/g astaxanthin, and 386 µg/g β-carotene. This work demonstrates that strain TZ209 is a promising DHA producer and provides an efficient strategy for the co-production of DHA oil together with carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wei Yin
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ci-Tong Zhan
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Huang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei Yin
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Long Zheng
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qian Fu
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Agro-Industrial Wastewaters for Algal Biomass Production, Bio-Based Products, and Biofuels in a Circular Bioeconomy. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling bioresources is the only way to sustainably meet a growing world population’s food and energy needs. One of the ways to do so is by using agro-industry wastewater to cultivate microalgae. While the industrial production of microalgae requires large volumes of water, existing agro-industry processes generate large volumes of wastewater with eutrophicating nutrients and organic carbon that must be removed before recycling the water back into the environment. Coupling these two processes can benefit the flourishing microalgal industry, which requires water, and the agro-industry, which could gain extra revenue by converting a waste stream into a bioproduct. Microalgal biomass can be used to produce energy, nutritional biomass, and specialty products. However, there are challenges to establishing stable and circular processes, from microalgae selection and adaptation to pretreating and reclaiming energy from residues. This review discusses the potential of agro-industry residues for microalgal production, with a particular interest in the composition and the use of important primary (raw) and secondary (digestate) effluents generated in large volumes: sugarcane vinasse, palm oil mill effluent, cassava processing waster, abattoir wastewater, dairy processing wastewater, and aquaculture wastewater. It also overviews recent examples of microalgae production in residues and aspects of process integration and possible products, avoiding xenobiotics and heavy metal recycling. As virtually all agro-industries have boilers emitting CO2 that microalgae can use, and many industries could benefit from anaerobic digestion to reclaim energy from the effluents before microalgal cultivation, the use of gaseous effluents is also discussed in the text.
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22
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Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6257-6279. [PMID: 36547088 PMCID: PMC9777246 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms frequently found in fresh and marine water ecosystems. Various microalgal species have been considered a reservoir of diverse health-value products, including vitamins, proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, and are broadly utilized as food and for the treatment of human ailments such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and immunodeficiency. Microalgae-derived carotenoids are the type of accessory pigment that possess light-absorbing potential and play a significant role in metabolic functions. To date, nearly a thousand carotenoids have been reported, but a very less number of microalgae have been used for the commercial production of carotenoids. This review article briefly discussed the carotenoids of microalgal origin and their therapeutic application. In addition, we have briefly compiled the optimization of culture parameters used to enhance microalgal carotenoid production. In addition, the latest biotechnological approaches used to improve the yields of carotenoid has also been discussed.
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23
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Holistic exploitation of pulsed electric field (PEF)-treated and lipid extracted microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides, utilizing anaerobic digestion (AD). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Dostálková S, Kodrík D, Simone-Finstrom M, Petřivalský M, Danihlík J. Fine-scale assessment of Chlorella syrup as a nutritional supplement for honey bee colonies. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1028037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss, climate change, and global agriculture have a non-negligible effect on the reduced abundance and diversity of floral resources. Malnutrition and nutritional stress are consequences of the combination of these factors with considerable impact on honey bee health and colony losses. The solution to inadequate natural sources for beekeeping is the additional feeding of honey bee colonies with food supplements. The algae Chlorella is a natural food source, with a nutrient profile similar to natural pollen, thus it has promising application in beekeeping. We evaluated Chlorella vulgaris syrup as a dietary supplement in the view of the oxidative stress that may be caused by long term administration to the colonies. Consuming Chlorella syrup did not influence the activity of digestive enzymes of summer honey bee workers, however, lipase activity insignificantly increased. After Chlorella application to colonies, we also observed insignificantly higher gene expression of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxid dismutase1 in adult workers; however, in larvae the expression of those genes was not affected. Surprisingly, the gene expression did not correspond with enzyme activity in adult bee abdomens. In Chlorella fed colonies, we recorded a higher concentration of vitellogenin, which plays multiple roles in honey bee physiology, i.e., antioxidant, storage protein, or immunity-related functions. Our new findings brought evidence that Chlorella did not negatively affect the digestion or oxidative balance of honey bees, thus its application as a pollen supplement can be fully recommended for maintaining the health of honey bee colonies during periods of dearth.
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Chen Y, Liang H, Du H, Jesumani V, He W, Cheong KL, Li T, Hong T. Industry chain and challenges of microalgal food industry-a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4789-4816. [PMID: 36377724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the whole world is facing hunger due to the increase in the global population and the rising level of food consumption. Unfortunately, the impact of environmental, climate, and political issues on agriculture has resulted in limited global food resources. Thus, it is important to develop new food sources that are environmentally friendly and not subject to climate or space limitations. Microalgae represent a potential source of nutrients and bioactive components for a wide range of high-value products. Advances in cultivation and genetic engineering techniques provide prospective approaches to widen their application for food. However, there are currently problems in the microalgae food industry in terms of assessing nutritional value, selecting processes for microalgae culture, obtaining suitable commercial strains of microalgae, etc. Additionally, the limitations of real data of market opportunities for microalgae make it difficult to assess their actual potential and to develop a better industrial chain. This review addresses the current status of the microalgae food industry, the process of commercializing microalgae food and breeding methods. Current research progress in addressing the limitations of microalgae industrialization and future prospects for developing microalgae food products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Valentina Jesumani
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiling He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Wu G, Zhuang D, Chew KW, Ling TC, Khoo KS, Van Quyen D, Feng S, Show PL. Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196633. [PMID: 36235173 PMCID: PMC9572256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and productivity, an increasing number of citizens are not only concerned about the nutritional value of algae as a potential new food resource but are also, in particular, paying more attention to the safety of its consumption. Many studies and reports pointed out that analyzing and solving seaweed food safety issues requires holistic and systematic consideration. The three main factors that have been found to affect the food safety of algal are physical, chemical, and microbiological hazards. At the same time, although food safety awareness among food producers and consumers has increased, foodborne diseases caused by algal food safety incidents occur frequently. It threatens the health and lives of consumers and may cause irreversible harm if treatment is not done promptly. A series of studies have also proved the idea that microbial contamination of algae is the main cause of this problem. Therefore, the rapid and efficient detection of toxic and pathogenic microbial contamination in algal products is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. At the same time, two other factors, such as physical and chemical hazards, cannot be ignored. Nowadays, the detection techniques are mainly focused on three major hazards in traditional methods. However, especially for food microorganisms, the use of traditional microbiological control techniques is time-consuming and has limitations in terms of accuracy. In recent years, these two evaluations of microbial foodborne pathogens monitoring in the farm-to-table chain have shown more importance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, there are also many new developments in the monitoring of heavy metals, algal toxins, and other pollutants. In the future, algal food safety risk assessment will not only focus on convenient, rapid, low-cost and high-accuracy detection but also be connected with some novel technologies, such as the Internet of Things (artificial intelligence, machine learning), biosensor, and molecular biology, to reach the purpose of simultaneous detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (S.F.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (S.F.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (S.F.); (P.L.S.)
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Mandal S, Nagi GK, Corcoran AA, Agrawal R, Dubey M, Hunt RW. Algal polysaccharides for 3D printing: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yadav K, Vasistha S, Nawkarkar P, Kumar S, Rai MP. Algal biorefinery culminating multiple value-added products: recent advances, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:244. [PMID: 36033914 PMCID: PMC9402873 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal biorefinery is rising as a prominent solution to economically fulfill the escalating global requirement for nutrition, feed, fuel, and medicines. In recent years, scientific productiveness associated with microalgae-based studies has elaborated in multiplied aspects, while translation to the commercial level continues to be missing. The present microalgal biorefinery has a challenge in long-term viability due to escalated market price of algal-mediated biofuels and bioproducts. Advancements are required in a few aspects like improvement in algae processing, energy investment, and cost analysis of microalgae biorefinery. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the modern work by understanding the knowledge gaps and hotspots driving business scale up. The microalgae biorefinery integrated with energy-based products, bioactive and green compounds, focusing on a circular bioeconomy, is urgently needed. A detailed investigation of techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) is important to increase the market value of algal products. This review discusses the valorization of algal biomass for the value-added application that holds a sustainable approach and cost-competitive algal biorefinery. The current industries, policies, technology transfer trends, challenges, and future economic outlook are discussed. This study is an overview through scientometric investigation attempt to describe the research development contributing to this rising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushi Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Shrasti Vasistha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Prachi Nawkarkar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Shashi Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Monika Prakash Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
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Peter AP, Yew GY, Tang DYY, Koyande AK, Chew KW, Show PL. Microalgae's prospects in attaining sustainable economic and environmental development. J Biotechnol 2022; 357:18-27. [PMID: 35970361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been part of much worldwide cooperation in engineering design, nutrients production that contributes towards a better and more sustainable future. This review intends to uncover a potential renewable source that could significantly contribute to various goals under the SDGs. The prospects of algae tackling the socio-ecological, economic, and environmental issues faced globally are discussed, along with approaches of algae that can be utilized to achieve many of the SDGs are reviewed and discussed. Moreover, the recent trends in terms of engineering application that co-relate to novel algae-based technology has also been included. Apart from that, algae have high oil content which is suitable for producing affordable and clean energy, which can be used for biofuels or electricity generation. The promising characteristics of algae will lead to its global acceptance and utilization for sustainability to help create a better world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paul Peter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Apurav Krishna Koyande
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Jalan Sunsuria Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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Deore P, Barlow CK, Schittenhelm RB, Beardall J, Noronha S. Profiling of grazed cultures of the chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta using an untargeted LC-MS approach. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:568-581. [PMID: 35506918 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals are reported to mediate chemical cross-talk among pelagic microbes, including microalgal prey and predators. Water-soluble mediator compounds play a crucial role in extracellular communication which is vital for prey recognition, attraction, capture, and predator deterrence. A range of exo-metabolites including oxylipins and vitamins are released by prey in response to grazing stress. The temporal dynamics of such exo-metabolites largely remains unknown, especially in large-scale cultivation of microalgae such as closed or open ponds. In open ponds, infestation of predators is almost inevitable but highly undesirable due to the imminent threat of culture collapse. The early production of exo-metabolites emitted by microalgal prey in response to predator attack could be leveraged as diagnostic markers of possible culture collapse. This study uses an untargeted approach for temporal profiling of Dunaliella tertiolecta-specific exo-metabolites under grazing pressure from Oxyrrhis marina. We report 24 putatively identified metabolites, belonging to various classes such as short peptides, lipids, indole-derivatives, and free amino acids, as potential markers of grazing-mediated stress. In addition, this study outlines a clear methodology for screening of exo-metabolites in marine algal samples, the analysis of which is frequently hindered by high salt concentrations. In future, a chemistry-based targeted detection of these metabolites could enable a quick and on-site screening of predators in microalgal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali Deore
- IITB-MONASH Research Academy, Mumbai, 400076, India
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher K Barlow
- Monash Proteomic and Metabolomic Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomic and Metabolomic Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Cheras, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Santosh Noronha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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A Narrative Review of Alternative Protein Sources: Highlights on Meat, Fish, Egg and Dairy Analogues. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142053. [PMID: 35885293 PMCID: PMC9316106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The research and development of alternatives to meat (including fish) and dairy products for human consumption have been increasing in recent years. In the context of these alternatives, there is a diversity of products such as tofu, tempeh, seitan, pulses, algae, seeds, nuts and insects. Apart from these, some products require new technical processes such as needed by milk drink alternatives, mycoprotein and meat, cheese and fish analogues. The aim of these analogues is to mimic the physical and organoleptic properties of animal origin products through fibrous composition and mix of ingredients from vegetable sources using adequate technology, which allow providing similar texture and flavor. Using a narrative approach to review literature, the objectives of this paper are to systematize the arguments supporting the adoption of meat, eggs and dairy alternatives, to identify the diversity of alternatives to these products on the market, including the related technological processes, and to project the challenges that the food industry may face soon. From a total of 302 scientific papers identified in databases, 186 papers were considered. More research papers on products associated with alternatives to milk were found. Nevertheless, there are products that need more research as analogues to meat and dairy products. A general scheme that brings together the main reasons, resources and challenges that the food industry faces in this promising area of alternatives to meat and dairy products is presented.
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Zhou L, Li K, Duan X, Hill D, Barrow C, Dunshea F, Martin G, Suleria H. Bioactive compounds in microalgae and their potential health benefits. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kumar R, Hegde AS, Sharma K, Parmar P, Srivatsan V. Microalgae as a sustainable source of edible proteins and bioactive peptides – Current trends and future prospects. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chen C, Tang T, Shi Q, Zhou Z, Fan J. The potential and challenge of microalgae as promising future food sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wood EE, Ross ME, Jubeau S, Montalescot V, Stanley MS. Progress towards a targeted biorefinery of Chromochloris zofingiensis: a review. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:8127-8152. [PMID: 38510795 PMCID: PMC10948469 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biorefinery approaches offer the potential to improve the economics of the microalgae industry by producing multiple products from a single source of biomass. Chromochloris zofingiensis shows great promise for biorefinery due to high biomass productivity and a diverse range of products including secondary carotenoids, predominantly astaxanthin; lipids such as TAGs; carbohydrates including starch; and proteins and essential amino acids. Whilst this species has been demonstrated to accumulate multiple products, the development of an integrated downstream process to obtain these is lacking. The objective of this review paper is to assess the research that has taken place and to identify the steps that must be taken to establish a biorefinery approach for C. zofingiensis. In particular, the reasons why C. zofingiensis is a promising species to target for biorefinery are discussed in terms of cellular structure, potential products, and means to accumulate desirable components via the alteration of culture conditions. Future advances and the challenges that lie ahead for successful biorefinery of this species are also reviewed along with potential solutions to address them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02955-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor E. Wood
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
- Xanthella Ltd, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunstaffnage, Argyll, Oban PA37 1SZ Scotland, UK
| | - Michael E. Ross
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
| | - Sébastien Jubeau
- Xanthella Ltd, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunstaffnage, Argyll, Oban PA37 1SZ Scotland, UK
| | | | - Michele S. Stanley
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
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Microalgae: Bioactive Composition, Health Benefits, Safety and Prospects as Potential High-Value Ingredients for the Functional Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121744. [PMID: 35741941 PMCID: PMC9222421 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global population is estimated to reach about 9.22 billion by 2075. The increasing knowledge on the relationship between food biochemistry and positive health gives an indication of the urgency to exploit food resources that are not only sustainable but also impact human health beyond basic nutrition. A typical example of such novel food is microalgae, an aquatic microorganism with a plethora of diverse bioactive compounds including phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin B12 and peptides. Microalgal bioactive compounds have been shown to possess positive health effects such as antihypertensive, anti-obesity, antioxidative, anticancer and cardiovascular protection. Although, the utilization of microalgal biomass by the functional food industry has faced lots of challenges because of species diversity and variations in biomass and cultivation factors. Other documented challenges were ascribed to changes in functional structures during extraction and purification due to inefficient bio-processing techniques, inconclusive literature information on the bioavailability and safety of the microalgal bioactive compounds and the fishy odor and taste when applied in food formulations. In spite of these challenges, great opportunities exist to exploit their utilization for the development of functional foods. Microalgae are a renewable resource and have fast growth rate. Therefore, detailed research is needed to bridge these challenges to pave way for large-scale commercialization of microalgal-based healthy foods. The focus of this review is to discuss the potential of microalgae as natural ingredients for functional food development, factors limiting their acceptance and utilization in the food industry as well as their safety concerns with respect to human consumption.
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Eom SJ, Park J, Kang M, Lee NH, Song K. Use of ultrasound treatment to extract mannan polysaccharide from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Eom
- Food Convergence Research Division Korea Food Research Institute Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Min‐Cheol Kang
- Food Convergence Research Division Korea Food Research Institute Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Food Convergence Research Division Korea Food Research Institute Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Mo Song
- Food Convergence Research Division Korea Food Research Institute Wanju‐gun Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
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Dawiec-Liśniewska A, Podstawczyk D, Bastrzyk A, Czuba K, Pacyna-Iwanicka K, Okoro OV, Shavandi A. aNew trends in biotechnological applications of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dixit RB, Sagaram US, Gocher C, Krishna Kumar GR, Dasgupta S. Biomolecular characterisation of marine microalga in comparison to fishmeal and soymeal as an alternative feed ingredient. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:365-372. [PMID: 34747066 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marine microalgae protein has better solubility and digestibility than other protein-based feeds. Apart from protein, high-value biomolecules have an immense potential to enhance the quality of feed, but knowledge about them is scarce. OBJECTIVE Marine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass molecular characterisation along with commonly used protein feed such as fishmeal and soymeal for potential feed ingredients. METHODOLOGY Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for biomolecular characterisation. The correlation of biomolecules sets was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering. RESULTS LC-MS identified 116 biomolecules cumulatively among microalga, fishmeal, and soymeal that includes fatty acids, acylglycerols, vitamins, sterols, pigments, nucleotides, unique amino acids, amines, sugars and miscellaneous. These 116 biomolecules were screened based on their functional importance as feed ingredients. Among the different sets of biomolecules, microalga contained a more diverse set of fatty acids, pigments, sterols, and vitamins than acylglycerols, unique amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars. Fishmeal contained a more diverse set of acylglycerols, unique amino acids, nucleotides, and amines, while soymeal contained the highest number of sugars and miscellaneous biomolecules. The PCA confirmed the significance level (P > 95%) and heatmap clustering showed the diversity and relatedness of biomolecules among the microalga, fishmeal, and soymeal. CONCLUSION This study showed that the marine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass has a rich source of biomolecules and could complement fishmeal or soymeal in feed and is also sustainable and economical as compared to fishmeal and soymeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Bajpai Dixit
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Uma Shankar Sagaram
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandra Gocher
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - G Raja Krishna Kumar
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Mass Cultivation of Microalgae: I. Experiences with Vertical Column Airlift Photobioreactors, Diatoms and CO2 Sequestration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
From 2015 to 2021, we optimized mass cultivation of diatoms in our own developed vertical column airlift photobioreactors using natural and artificial light (LEDs). The project took place at the ferrosilicon producer Finnfjord AS in North Norway as a joint venture with UiT—The Arctic University of Norway. Small (0.1–6–14 m3) reactors were used for initial experiments and to produce inoculum cultures while upscaling experiments took place in a 300 m3 reactor. We here argue that species cultivated in reactors should be large since biovolume specific self-shadowing of light can be lower for large vs. small cells. The highest production, 1.28 cm3 L−1 biovolume (0.09–0.31 g DW day−1), was obtained with continuous culture at ca. 19% light utilization efficiency and 34% CO2 uptake. We cultivated 4–6 months without microbial contamination or biofouling, and this we argue was due to a natural antifouling (anti-biofilm) agent in the algae. In terms of protein quality all essential amino acids were present, and the composition and digestibility of the fatty acids were as required for feed ingredients. Lipid content was ca. 20% of ash-free DW with high EPA levels, and omega-3 and amino acid content increased when factory fume was added. The content of heavy metals in algae cultivated with fume was well within the accepted safety limits. Organic pollutants (e.g., dioxins and PCBs) were below the limits required by the European Union food safety regulations, and bioprospecting revealed several promising findings.
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Simultaneous probing of dual intracellular metabolites (ATP and paramylon) in live microalgae using graphene oxide/aptamer nanocomplex. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dagnino-Leone J, Figueroa CP, Castañeda ML, Youlton AD, Vallejos-Almirall A, Agurto-Muñoz A, Pavón Pérez J, Agurto-Muñoz C. Phycobiliproteins: Structural aspects, functional characteristics, and biotechnological perspectives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1506-1527. [PMID: 35422968 PMCID: PMC8983314 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are fluorescent proteins of various colors, including fuchsia, purple-blue and cyan, that allow the capture of light energy in auxiliary photosynthetic complexes called phycobilisomes (PBS). PBPs have several highly preserved structural and physicochemical characteristics. In the PBS context, PBPs function is capture luminous energy in the 450–650 nm range and delivers it to photosystems allowing photosynthesis take place. Besides the energy harvesting function, PBPs also have shown to have multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumours, making them an interesting focus for different biotechnological applications in areas like biomedicine, bioenergy and scientific research. Nowadays, the main sources of PBPs are cyanobacteria and micro and macro algae from the phylum Rhodophyta. Due to the diverse biological activities of PBPs, they have attracted the attention of different industries, such as food, biomedical and cosmetics. This is why a large number of patents related to the production, extraction, purification of PBPs and their application as cosmetics, biopharmaceuticals or diagnostic applications have been generated, looking less ecological impact in the natural prairies of macroalgae and less culture time or higher productivity in cyanobacteria to satisfy the markets and applications that require high amounts of these molecules. In this review, we summarize the main structural characteristics of PBPs, their biosynthesys and biotechnological applications. We also address current trends and future perspectives of the PBPs market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Dagnino-Leone
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Cristina Pinto Figueroa
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Mónica Latorre Castañeda
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Andrea Donoso Youlton
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vallejos-Almirall
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Andrés Agurto-Muñoz
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Jessy Pavón Pérez
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CyTA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000 Chile
| | - Cristian Agurto-Muñoz
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CyTA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000 Chile
- Corresponding author at: Grupo Interdisciplinario de Biotecnología Marina (GIBMAR), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
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Arthrospira platensis Cultivation in a Bench-Scale Helical Tubular Photobioreactor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Cultivations of Arthrospira platensis were carried out to evaluate the CO2 capture capacity of this cyanobacterium under bench-scale conditions. For this purpose, the influence of light intensity on the microbial growth and the photosynthetic efficiency has been investigated in a helical photobioreactor. Five cultivations were performed at different photosynthetic photon flux densities (23 ≤ PPFD ≤ 225 µmol photons m−2 s−1) by fed-batch pulse-feeding pure carbon dioxide from a cylinder into the helicoidal photobioreactor. In particular, a range of PPFD (82–190 µmol photons m−2 s−1) was identified in which biomass concentration reached values (9–11 gDW L−1) significantly higher than those reported in the literature for other configurations of closed photobioreactors. Furthermore, as A. platensis suspensions behave as Newtonian and non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) fluids at very low and high biomass concentrations, respectively, a flow analysis was carried out for evaluating the most suitable mixing conditions depending on growth. The results obtained in this study appear to be very promising and suggest the use of this helicoidal photobioreactor configuration to reduce CO2 emissions from industrial gaseous effluents.
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Jafari Z, Bigham A, Sadeghi S, Dehdashti SM, Rabiee N, Abedivash A, Bagherzadeh M, Nasseri B, Karimi-Maleh H, Sharifi E, Varma RS, Makvandi P. Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2-36. [PMID: 34919379 PMCID: PMC8762669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment, protection of the nervous system, protection of the skin and eyes against UV radiation, and boosting the immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it is chemically unstable, and therefore, the design and production processes for this compound need to be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation is widely applied to protect AXT against degradation during digestion and storage, thus improving its physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease of surface modification, biocompatibility, and targeted drug delivery and release. This review discusses the technological advancement in nanocarriers for the delivery of AXT through the brain, eyes, and skin, with emphasis on the benefits, limitations, and efficiency in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jafari
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Dehdashti
- Cellular
and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alireza Abedivash
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, 48181-68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advance Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51664 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School
of Resources and Environment, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Avenue, 610054 Chengdu, PR China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology,
Quchan University of Technology, 94771-67335 Quchan, Iran
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus,
2028, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department
of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical
Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for
Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, viale
Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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Santiago-Díaz P, Rivero A, Rico M, Gómez-Pinchetti JL. Characterization of Novel Selected Microalgae for Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenols, Amino Acids, and Carbohydrates. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010040. [PMID: 35049895 PMCID: PMC8777807 DOI: 10.3390/md20010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical composition of three novel selected microalgae strains (Chlorophyta) was evaluated to confirm their potential possibilities as new sustainably produced biomass with nutritional, functional, and/or biomedical properties. Extracts from cultured Pseudopediastrum boryanum, Chloromonas cf. reticulata, and Chloroidium saccharophilum exhibited higher radical scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Total phenolic compounds and amino acids were determined by newly developed RP-HPLC methods. Total phenolic contents, as µg g−1 of dry biomass, reached 27.1 for C. cf. reticulata, 26.4 for P. boryanum, and 55.8 for C. saccharophilum. Percentages of total analysed amino acids were 24.3, 32.1, and 18.5% of dry biomass, respectively, presenting high values for essential amino acids reaching 54.1, 72.6, and 61.2%, respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant free amino acid in all microalgae samples, followed by proline and lysine in C. saccharophilum and P. boryanum, and methionine and lysine in C. reticulata. Soluble carbohydrates in aqueous extracts ranged from 39.6 for C. saccharophilum to 49.3% for C. reticulata, increasing values to 45.1 for C. saccharophilum and 52.7% for P. boryanum in acid hydrolysates of dried biomass. Results confirmed the potential possibilities of these microalgae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santiago-Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (P.S.-D.); (A.R.)
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Campus de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, 35214 Telde, Spain;
| | - Argimiro Rivero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (P.S.-D.); (A.R.)
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Campus de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, 35214 Telde, Spain;
| | - Milagros Rico
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (P.S.-D.); (A.R.)
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Campus de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, 35214 Telde, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928-454418
| | - Juan Luis Gómez-Pinchetti
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Campus de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, 35214 Telde, Spain;
- Banco Español de Algas (BEA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
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Singh S, Verma DK, Thakur M, Tripathy S, Patel AR, Shah N, Utama GL, Srivastav PP, Benavente-Valdés JR, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar CN. Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as green extraction technology for high-value metabolites of algae, its potential trends in food and human health. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110746. [PMID: 34865764 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Application of high-value algal metabolites (HVAMs) in cosmetics, additives, pigments, foods and medicines are very important. These HVAMs can be obtained from the cultivation of micro- and macro-algae. These metabolites can benefit human and animal health in a physiological and nutritional manner. However, because of conventional extraction methods and their energy and the use of pollutant solvents, the availability of HVAMs from algae remains insufficient. Receiving their sustainability and environmental benefits have recently made green extraction technologies for HVAM extractions more desirable. But very little information is available about the technology of green extraction of algae from these HVAM. This review, therefore, highlights the supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as principal green extraction technologyand theirideal parameters for extracting HVAMs. In first, general information is provided concerning the HVAMs and their components of macro and micro origin. The review also includes a description of SCFE technology's properties, instrumentation operation, solvents used, and the merits and demerits. Moreover, there are several HVAMs associated with their numerous high-level biological activities which include high-level antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial activity and have potential health-beneficial effects in humans since they are all HVAMs, such as foods and nutraceuticals. Finally, it provides future insights, obstacles, and suggestions for selecting the right technologies for extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Singh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Technology, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Soubhagya Tripathy
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Ami R Patel
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology-MIDFT, Dudhsagar Dairy Campus, Mehsana 384 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nihir Shah
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology-MIDFT, Dudhsagar Dairy Campus, Mehsana 384 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Gemilang Lara Utama
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Juan Roberto Benavente-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Campus, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mónica L Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Campus, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristobal Noe Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Campus, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico.
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Development of High-Protein Vegetable Creams by Using Single-Cell Ingredients from Some Microalgae Species. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112550. [PMID: 34828831 PMCID: PMC8621224 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to develop high-protein vegetable creams through the incorporation of microalgae. Single-cell ingredients from Arthrospiraplatensis (spirulina), Chlorella vulgaris, Tetraselmis chui, and Nannochloropsis oceanica were incorporated at two levels of addition (1.5% and 3.0%) to a standard vegetable cream (STD). Effects of incorporation were assessed in terms of physicochemical and rheological attributes as well as nutritional labeling facts. Creams formulated with 3% A. platensis, N. oceanica, or T. chui showed strong color differences (6 < ΔE < 12) compared to STD; creams formulated with 1.5% A. platensis, T. chui, or N. oceanica showed perceptible differences (3 < ΔE < 6); and those made with C. vulgaris at 1.5 and 3% exhibited small differences (ΔE < 2). Moisture content, water activity, pH, syneresis, and °Brix did not show significant changes. Adding microalgae increased Bostwick consistency and decreased the consistency coefficient (K) except in creams made with A. platensis, which showed comparable values to STD. Principal component analysis indicated that creams made with 1.5% C. vulgaris were the most similar to STD considering all evaluated parameters. Estimation of the nutritional labeling facts showed that the four formulations could be labeled as having "high protein content" following the present EU legislation.
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Fernandes T, Cordeiro N. Microalgae as Sustainable Biofactories to Produce High-Value Lipids: Biodiversity, Exploitation, and Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100573. [PMID: 34677472 PMCID: PMC8540142 DOI: 10.3390/md19100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are often called “sustainable biofactories” due to their dual potential to mitigate atmospheric carbon dioxide and produce a great diversity of high-value compounds. Nevertheless, the successful exploitation of microalgae as biofactories for industrial scale is dependent on choosing the right microalga and optimum growth conditions. Due to the rich biodiversity of microalgae, a screening pipeline should be developed to perform microalgal strain selection exploring their growth, robustness, and metabolite production. Current prospects in microalgal biotechnology are turning their focus to high-value lipids for pharmaceutic, nutraceutic, and cosmetic products. Within microalgal lipid fraction, polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids are broadly recognized for their vital functions in human organisms. Microalgal-derived phytosterols are still an underexploited lipid resource despite presenting promising biological activities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuromodulatory, immunomodulatory, and apoptosis inductive effects. To modulate microalgal biochemical composition, according to the intended field of application, it is important to know the contribution of each cultivation factor, or their combined effects, for the wanted product accumulation. Microalgae have a vital role to play in future low-carbon economy. Since microalgal biodiesel is still costly, it is desirable to explore the potential of oleaginous species for its high-value lipids which present great global market prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomásia Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Biomaterials, and Biotechnology (LB3), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Biomaterials, and Biotechnology (LB3), Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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49
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Koyande AK, Chew KW, Manickam S, Chang JS, Show PL. Emerging algal nanotechnology for high-value compounds: A direction to future food production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Ismaiel MMS, El-Ayouty YM, Fathey HA. Disparity of the carotenoids antioxidant properties of wild-type and D-PSY-transgenic Dunaliella parva strains under three environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2151-2163. [PMID: 34744358 PMCID: PMC8526634 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two strains of the halophilic alga Dunaliella parva, a wild type (WT) and a transgenic strain (D-PSY) containing an exogenous phytoene synthase gene (PSY), were used to investigate the growth, carotenoid accumulation, and carotenoid antioxidant properties under nitrogen starvation, cobalt and biochar treatments. D-PSY had higher carotenoid content (1.8 times) compared to the WT. The applied stressors stimulated the carotenoid content of both WT and D-PSY especially. The carotenoids were assayed for the potential antioxidant activities by five different assays. Generally, the antioxidant activities of D-PSY carotenoids were superior to that of WT. The biochar and nitrogen treatments generally enhanced the antioxidant activities of the carotenoids, whereas cobalt came third in this respect. The D-PSY transgenic algal strain has both high carotenoids content and antioxidant properties which enhanced under the relatively lower concentrations of the applied stressors. The results have shown to lead to an accurate application of the transgenic alga as a source of potent antioxidant compounds. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01077-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. S. Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Yassin M. El-Ayouty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Fathey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
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