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Roy SK, Srivastava S, McCance C, Shrivastava A, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Clinical significance of PNO1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18295. [PMID: 38722284 PMCID: PMC11081011 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein PNO1 plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that it is involved in tumorigenesis; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker of HCC and also examine the therapeutic potential of PNO1 knockout for the treatment of HCC. PNO1 expression was upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. PNO1 expression was positively associated with tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. PNO1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to that in fibrolamellar carcinoma or normal tissues. Furthermore, HCC tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild-type Tp53. PNO1 knockout suppressed cell viability, colony formation and EMT of HCC cells. Since activation of Notch signalling pathway promotes HCC, we measured the effects of PNO1 knockout on the components of Notch pathway and its targets. PNO1 knockout suppressed Notch signalling by modulating the expression of Notch ligands and their receptors, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockout also inhibited genes involved in surface adhesion, cell cycle, inflammation and chemotaxis. PNO1 knockout also inhibited colony and spheroid formation, cell migration and invasion, and markers of stem cells, pluripotency and EMT in CSCs. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of HCC, and knockout of PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 can be beneficial for the management of HCC by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit K. Roy
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Caroline McCance
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Jason Morvant
- Department of SurgeryOchsner Health SystemGretnaLouisianaUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- GLAXDoverDelawareUSA
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Wang M, Yu F, Zhang Y, Li P. Novel insights into Notch signaling in tumor immunity: potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352484. [PMID: 38444855 PMCID: PMC10912471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved system of cell-to-cell communication that participates in various biological processes, such as stem cell maintenance, cell fate decision, cell proliferation and death during homeostasis and development. Dysregulation of Notch signaling has been associated with many aspects of cancer biology, such as maintenance of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis and tumor immunity. Particularly, Notch signaling can regulate antitumor or pro-tumor immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, Notch signaling has drawn significant attention in the therapeutic development of cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the role of Notch signaling pathway in remodeling tumor immune microenvironment. We describe the impact of Notch signaling on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Furthermore, we summarize the results of relevant preclinical and clinical trials of Notch-targeted therapeutics and discuss the challenges in their clinical application in cancer therapy. An improved understanding of the involvement of Notch signaling in tumor immunity will open the door to new options in cancer immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Hong JY, Han JH, Jeong SH, Kwak C, Kim HH, Jeong CW. Polygenic risk score model for renal cell carcinoma in the Korean population and relationship with lifestyle-associated factors. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:46. [PMID: 38200428 PMCID: PMC10777500 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polygenic risk score (PRS) is used to predict the risk of developing common complex diseases or cancers using genetic markers. Although PRS is used in clinical practice to predict breast cancer risk, it is more accurate for Europeans than for non-Europeans because of the sample size of training genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To address this disparity, we constructed a PRS model for predicting the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the Korean population. RESULTS Using GWAS analysis, we identified 43 Korean-specific variants and calculated the PRS. Subsequent to plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we selected the 31 best-performing variants to construct an optimal PRS model. The resultant PRS model with 31 variants demonstrated a prediction rate of 77.4%. The pathway analysis indicated that the identified non-coding variants are involved in regulating the expression of genes related to cancer initiation and progression. Notably, favorable lifestyle habits, such as avoiding tobacco and alcohol, mitigated the risk of RCC across PRS strata expressing genetic risk. CONCLUSION A Korean-specific PRS model was established to predict the risk of RCC in the underrepresented Korean population. Our findings suggest that lifestyle-associated factors influencing RCC risk are associated with acquired risk factors indirectly through epigenetic modification, even among individuals in the higher PRS category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Han
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shuaib M, Kumar S. Ectopic expression of tumor suppressive miR-181c-5p downregulates oncogenic Notch signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155017. [PMID: 38101160 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very invasive subtype of breast cancer (BCa), this is accounted for 15-20% of all BCa cases. TNBC patients have very limited therapy option due to lack of effective targets and patients shows the worse survival. Therefore, present study has tried to introduce the target based therapy by studying the tumor suppressive role of miR-181c-5p on oncogenic Notch1 signaling. Transient transfection, bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, Notch1 luciferase assay and western blotting techniques were utilized to study the effect of induced expression of miR-181c-5p on oncogenic Notch1 signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results shows that miR-181c-5p mimic increase the expression of miR-181c-5p by 45.26% and 75.96% in 24 and 48 h incubation, respectively (p < 0.0003) in transfected cells. The miR-181c-5p binds at NOTCH1 3' UTR target binding site with a minimum free energy of - 26.0 kcal/mol. The AGO protein showed significant interaction with the miR-181c-5p and miR-181c-5p-NOTCH1 complex. Decreased expression of NOTCH1 by 32.88% and 45.87% (p < 0.0001); and HES1 expression by 14.06% and 53.24% (p < 0.0001) was observed in 24 and 48 h transfected cells respectively. Notch1 promoter luciferase activity was reduced by 25.72% and 46.98% in 24 and 48 h miRNA-mimic transfected cells. Western blot analysis also showed significant reduction in NOTCH1 and HES1 proteins expression. In conclusion, present study suggests that the forced expression of tumor suppressive miR-181c-5p negatively regulates oncogenic Notch1 signaling in TNBC. Negative regulation of Notch1 signaling via miR-181c-5p mimic could be a hopeful therapeutic strategy in TNBC patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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Liu Z, Pei M, Liu G, Qiu Z, Wang S, Qiao Z, Wang J, Jin D, Zhang J, Duan K, Nian X, Ma Z, Yang X. CDC20 is a potential target gene to inhibit the tumorigenesis of MDCK cells. Biologicals 2023; 83:101697. [PMID: 37579524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MDCK is currently the main cell line used for influenza vaccine production in culture. Previous studies have reported that MDCK cells possess tumorigenic ability in nude mice. Although complete cell lysis can be ensured during vaccine production, host cell DNA released after cell lysis may still pose a risk for tumorigenesis. Greater caution is needed in the production of human vaccines; therefore, the use of gene editing to establish cells incapable of forming tumors may significantly improve the safety of influenza vaccines. Knowledge regarding the genes and molecular mechanisms that affect the tumorigenic ability of MDCK cells is crucial; however, our understanding remains superficial. Through monoclonal cell screening, we previously obtained a cell line, CL23, that possesses significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities, and tumor-bearing experiments in nude mice showed the absence of tumorigenic cells. With a view to exploring tumorigenesis-related genes in MDCK cells, DIA proteomics was used to compare the differences in protein expression between wild-type (M60) and non-tumorigenic (CL23) cells. Differentially expressed proteins were verified at the mRNA level by RT-qPCR, and a number of genes involved in cell tumorigenesis were preliminarily screened. Immunoblotting further confirmed that related protein expression was significantly reduced in non-tumorigenic cells. Inhibition of CDC20 expression by RNAi significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of MDCK cells and increased the proliferation of the influenza virus; therefore, CDC20 was preliminarily determined to be an effective target gene for the inhibition of cell tumorigenicity. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying cell tumorigenesis and provide a basis for the establishment of target gene screening in genetically engineered non-tumorigenic MDCK cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mengyuan Pei
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhenyu Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Siya Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Dongwu Jin
- Gansu Provincial Bioengineering Materials Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, 730010, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China; Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China; Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China; Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China; China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Roy SK, Srivastava S, Hancock A, Shrivastava A, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Inhibition of ribosome assembly factor PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique suppresses lung adenocarcinoma and Notch pathway: Clinical application. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:365-378. [PMID: 36625087 PMCID: PMC9889701 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth is crucially controlled by the functional ribosomes available in cells. To meet the enhanced energy demand, cancer cells re-wire and increase their ribosome biogenesis. The RNA-binding protein PNO1, a ribosome assembly factor, plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and also examine the molecular mechanisms by which PNO1 knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of PNO1 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma compared to normal lung tissues. PNO1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients increased with stage, nodal metastasis, and smoking. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues from males expressed higher PNO1 than those from females. Furthermore, lung adenocarcinoma tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild-type Tp53, suggesting the influence of Tp53 status on PNO1 expression. PNO1 knockdown inhibited cell viability, colony formation, and EMT, and induced apoptosis. Since dysregulated signalling through the Notch receptors promotes lung adenocarcinoma, we measured the effects of PNO1 inhibition on the Notch pathway. PNO1 knockdown inhibited Notch signalling by suppressing the expression of Notch receptors, their ligands, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockdown also suppressed CCND1, p21, PTGS-2, IL-1α, IL-8, and CXCL-8 genes. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker, and also can be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit K. Roy
- Louisiana State University Health‐New Orleans, School of MedicineStanley S. Scott Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Andrew Hancock
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Jason Morvant
- Department of SurgeryOchsner Health SystemGretnaLouisianaUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Louisiana State University Health‐New Orleans, School of MedicineStanley S. Scott Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Louisiana State University Health‐New Orleans, School of MedicineStanley S. Scott Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Khlusov I, Litvinova L. Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102181. [PMID: 36297616 PMCID: PMC9612132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main problems of modern health care is the growing number of oncological diseases both in the elderly and young population. Inadequately effective chemotherapy, which remains the main method of cancer control, is largely associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. The search for new solutions to overcome the resistance of malignant cells to pharmacological agents is being actively pursued. Another serious problem is immunosuppression caused both by the tumor cells themselves and by antitumor drugs. Of great interest in this context is heparin, a biomolecule belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans and possessing a broad spectrum of biological activity, including immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the context of the rapid development of the new field of “osteoimmunology,” which focuses on the collaboration of bone and immune cells, heparin and delivery systems based on it may be of intriguing importance for the oncotherapy of malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive, chemoresistant malignant tumor that affects young adults and is characterized by constant recurrence and metastasis. This review describes the direct and immune-mediated regulatory effects of heparin and drug delivery systems based on it on the molecular mechanisms of (multiple) drug resistance in (onco) pathological conditions of bone tissue, especially osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Vriend J, Klonisch T. Genes of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System Qualify as Differential Markers in Malignant Glioma of Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Origin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1425-1452. [PMID: 35896929 PMCID: PMC10079750 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have mined public genomic datasets to identify genes coding for components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) that may qualify as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the three major glioma types, astrocytoma (AS), glioblastoma (GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). In the Sun dataset of glioma (GEO ID: GSE4290), expression of the genes UBE2S and UBE2C, which encode ubiquitin conjugases important for cell-cycle progression, distinguished GBM from AS and ODG. KEGG analysis showed that among the ubiquitin E3 ligase genes differentially expressed, the Notch pathway was significantly over-represented, whereas among the E3 ligase adaptor genes the Hippo pathway was over-represented. We provide evidence that the UPS gene contributions to the Notch and Hippo pathway signatures are related to stem cell pathways and can distinguish GBM from AS and ODG. In the Sun dataset, AURKA and TPX2, two cell-cycle genes coding for E3 ligases, and the cell-cycle gene coding for the E3 adaptor CDC20 were upregulated in GBM. E3 ligase adaptor genes differentially expressed were also over-represented for the Hippo pathway and were able to distinguish classic, mesenchymal, and proneural subtypes of GBM. Also over-expressed in GBM were PSMB8 and PSMB9, genes encoding subunits of the immunoproteasome. Our transcriptome analysis provides a strong rationale for UPS members as attractive therapeutic targets for the development of more effective treatment strategies in malignant glioma. Ubiquitin proteasome system and glioblastoma: E1-ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2-ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3-ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitinated substrates of E3 ligases may be degraded by the proteasome. Expression of genes for specific E2 conjugases, E3 ligases, and genes for proteasome subunits may serve as differential markers of subtypes of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm34, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E0J9, Canada.
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm34, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E0J9, Canada
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Nueda ML, Baladrón V. Mammalian NOTCH Receptor Activation and Signaling Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2472:67-82. [PMID: 35674893 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2201-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NOTCH signaling pathway is one of the highly conserved key pathways involved in most cell differentiation and proliferation processes during both developmental and adult stages in most animals. The NOTCH signaling pathway appears to be very simple but the existence of several receptors and ligands, their posttranslational modifications, their activation in the cell surface and its migration to the cell nucleus, as well as their interaction with multiple signaling pathways in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, make the study of its function very complex.To determine the activation of NOTCH signaling in animal cells, several complementary approaches can be performed. One of them is the analysis of the transcription of NOTCH receptor target genes HES/HEY by qRT-PCR and Western blot. This approach would give us an idea of the global NOTCH activation and signaling. We can also analyze the NOTCH transcriptional activity by luciferase assays to determine the global or specific activation of NOTCH receptors under a given treatment or in response to the modification of gene expression. On the other hand, we can determine the specific activation of each NOTCH receptor by Western blot with antibodies that recognize the active forms of each NOTCH receptor. For this assay will be very important to collect the cells to be analyzed under the appropriate conditions. Finally, we can detect the intracellular domain of each NOTCH receptor into the cell nucleus by confocal microscopy using the appropriate antibodies that recognize the intracellular domain of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Luisa Nueda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, School of Pharmacy/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-LaMancha/CSIC, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Albacete Medical School/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-LaMancha/CSIC, Albacete, Spain.
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Giordano F, Montalto FI, Panno ML, Andò S, De Amicis F. A Notch inhibitor plus Resveratrol induced blockade of autophagy drives glioblastoma cell death by promoting a switch to apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5933-5950. [PMID: 35018234 PMCID: PMC8727809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors and the hardest type of cancer to treat. Therapies targeting developmental pathways, such as Notch, eliminate neoplastic glioma cells, but their efficacy can be limited by various mechanisms. Combination regimens may represent a good opportunity for effective therapies with durable effects. We used low doses of the γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 (GSI), to block the Notch pathway activity, in combination with Resveratrol (RSV) and we evidenced the mechanisms of autophagy/apoptosis transition in GBM cells. Resveratrol and GSI combination results in the synergistic induction of cell death together with the block of the autophagic flux evidenced by a sustained increase of LC3-II and p62 protein content, due to the dramatic reduction of CDK4, an important regulator of lysosomal function. The ectopic overexpression of the constitutive active CDK4 mutant, greatly counteracted the RSV+GSI induced block of the autophagy. Triggering autophagy in RSV+GSI-treated cells, which have impaired lysosomal function, caused the collapse of the system and a following apoptosis. For instance, by combining the CDK4 mutant as well as the early stage autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenina, abolished the RSV+GSI induced caspases activation. The initiator caspases (caspases-8 and -9), effector caspase (caspase-3) and its downstream substrate PARP were induced after RSV+GSI exposure as well as the percentage of the TUNEL positive cells. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic signaling MAPK p38 was activated while the pro-survival MAPK p42/p44 signaling was inhibited. In short, we establish the role of CDK4 in the regulation of autophagy/apoptosis transition induced by RSV and GSI in GBM cells. This new synergistic therapeutic combination, increasing the accumulation of autophagosomes, may have therapeutic value for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of CalabriaItaly
| | - Francesca Ida Montalto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of CalabriaItaly
- Health Center, University of CalabriaItaly
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of CalabriaItaly
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of CalabriaItaly
- Health Center, University of CalabriaItaly
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of CalabriaItaly
- Health Center, University of CalabriaItaly
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MAPK and Notch-Mediated Effects of Meso-Xanthin F199 Compounds on Proliferative Activity and Apoptosis of Human Melanocytes in Three-Dimensional Culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8463161. [PMID: 34337053 PMCID: PMC8315846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8463161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meso-Xanthin (Meso-Xanthin F199™) is a highly active antiaging injection drug of the latest generation. The main acting compound is fucoxanthin, supplemented with several growth factors, vitamins, and hyaluronic acid. Previous examination of fucoxanthin on melanocytes showed its ability to inhibit skin pigmentation through different signaling pathways focused on suppression of melanogenic-stimulating receptors. In turn, the anticancer property of fucoxanthin is realized through MAPK and PI3K pathways. We aimed to evaluate the effect of fucoxanthin and supplemented growth factors on melanocyte growth and transformation at a proteomic level. The effect of fucoxanthin on melanocytes cultivated in three-dimensional (3D) condition was examined using high-throughput proteomic and system biology approaches to disclose key molecular events of the targeted action. Our results demonstrated significant inhibition of cell differentiation and ubiquitination processes. We found that the negative regulation of PSME1 and PTGIS largely determines the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK2. Besides, fucoxanthin selectively inhibits cell differentiation via negative regulation of Raf signaling and the upstream activation of IL-1 signaling. It is assumed that inhibition of Raf influences the Notch-4 signaling and switches off the MAPK/MAPK2 cascade. Blockage of MAPK/MAPK2 is feasible due to suppression of Ras and NF-κB by the addressed action of IKKB, IKK2, and TRAF6. Suggestively, Meso-Xanthin F199™ can manage processes of proliferative activity and inhibition of apoptosis due to composition of fucoxanthin and growth-stimulating factors, which may increase the risk of skin cancer development under certain condition.
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12
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Advani D, Sharma S, Kumari S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Precision Oncology, Signaling and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:433-468. [PMID: 33687887 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210308101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovational solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment based on patients' genetic profile. Advancements in "omics" techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures. METHOD Data were collected from Pubmed and Google scholar using keywords: "Precision medicine", "precision medicine and cancer", "anticancer agents in precision medicine" and reviewed comprehensively. RESULTS Personalized therapeutics including immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics. CONCLUSION This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival and in improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
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13
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Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Muralitharan S, Therachiyil L, Sageena G, Al-Naemi H, Haris M, Bhat AA. Exploring Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:429-445. [PMID: 31939726 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Chen W, He LN, Liang Y, Zeng X, Wu CP, Su MQ, Cheng Y, Liu JH. TERF1 downregulation promotes the migration and invasion of the PC3 prostate cancer cell line as a target of miR‑155. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5209-5218. [PMID: 33174061 PMCID: PMC7646979 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TERF1) has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in numerous types of human cancer. However, the expression of TERF1 and its mechanism in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the expression and functions of TERF1 in PCa. The UALCAN database was used to analyze the differential expression of TERF1 between normal prostate tissue and primary PCa tissue. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the cell migration and invasion abilities, respectively. The cell viability was analyzed using an MTT assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers following TERF1 knockdown in the PC3 cell line. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the association between TERF1 and microRNA (miR)-155 predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Rescue experiments were performed to determine the role of the miR-155/TERF1 axis in regulating the cellular behaviors of PCa. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of TERF1 in the primary prostate tumors were significantly downregulated compared with in prostate normal tissue. TERF1 silencing was discovered to significantly promote cell viability, migration and invasion, while suppressing cell apoptosis. The impact of TERF1 on PC3 cells was suggested to occur through the EMT pathway. TERF1 was confirmed to be the direct target of miR-155. The overexpression of miR-155 promoted the viability, migration and invasion, while suppressing the apoptosis of the PC3 cell line, while the knockdown of miR-155 in PC3 cells achieved the opposite trends. In addition, TERF1 overexpression reversed the promotive effects of upregulated miR-155 expression levels on the migration and apoptosis of PC3 cells. On the contrary, the knockdown of TERF1 reversed the migration and apoptosis abilities of the downregulated miR-155 expression levels on the cellular behaviors of PC3 cells. In conclusion, TERF1, as a direct target of miR-155, was discovered to be significantly downregulated in PCa, which was suggested to promote the migration and invasion of PCa via the EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Zigong Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ping Wu
- Department of Science and Education, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qiang Su
- Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Liu
- Department of Urology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
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15
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Verma P, Mittal P, Singh A, Singh IK. New Entrants into Clinical Trials for Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer: An Insight. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2156-2176. [PMID: 31656157 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191018172926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is too complex with various different molecular alterations involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Over the decade, we have seen a surge in the development of drugs for bimolecular targets and for the signal transduction pathways involved in the treatment line of breast cancer. These drugs, either alone or in combination with conventional treatments like chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiotherapy, will help oncologists to get a better insight and do the needful treatment. These novel therapies bring various challenges along with them, which include the dosage selection, patient selection, schedule of treatment and weighing of clinical benefits over side effects. In this review, we highlight the recently studied target molecules that have received indications in breast carcinoma, both in the localized and in an advanced state and about their inhibitors which are in clinical development which can give the immense potential to clinical care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.,Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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16
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Valcourt DM, Day ES. Dual Regulation of miR-34a and Notch Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Antibody/miRNA Nanocarriers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:290-298. [PMID: 32622330 PMCID: PMC7332498 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the three most common receptors present on other subtypes, leaving it unsusceptible to current targeted or hormonal therapies. In this study, we introduce an alternative treatment strategy for TNBC that exploits its overexpression of Notch1 receptors and its underexpression of the tumor suppressive microRNA (miRNA) miR-34a. Studies have shown that introducing mimics of miR-34a to TNBC cells effectively inhibits cancer growth, but miR-34a cannot be administered in the clinic without a carrier. To enable delivery of miR-34a to TNBC cells, we encapsulated miR-34a mimics in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) that were functionalized with Notch1 antibodies to produce N1-34a-NPs. In addition to binding Notch1 receptors overexpressed on the surface of TNBC cells, the antibodies in this formulation enable suppression of Notch signaling through signal cascade interference. Herein, we present the results of in vitro experiments that demonstrate N1-34a-NPs can regulate Notch signaling and downstream miR-34a targets in TNBC cells to induce senescence and reduce cell proliferation and migration. These studies demonstrate that NP-mediated co-delivery of miR-34a and Notch1 antibodies is a promising alternative treatment strategy for TNBC, warranting further optimization and in vivo investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Valcourt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Emily S Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, 4701 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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17
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Cai H, Lu W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Shen Y. Specific inhibition of Notch1 signaling suppresses properties of lung cancer stem cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 15:1547-1552. [PMID: 31939436 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_482_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a relatively low 5-year relative survival rate of 16%. Novel and efficient therapeutic approach for lung cancer is desperately needed. Materials and Methods Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) provides a promising strategy to eradicate malignancies. The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the control of cell fates and developmental processes including CSCs. The function of Notch1 in the regulation of CSCs and whether targeting Notch1 could be a potential therapy for lung cancer were explored in this study. Lung CSCs (LCSCs) were isolated from A549 cells and identified as CD44+/CD24- cells by magnetic-assisted cell sorting, then the putative LCSCs were treated with Notch1 inhibitor and Notch1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs); the growth and proliferation of LCSCs were investigated to test the effect of Notch1 blocking on the growth and viability of LCSCs. Results CD44+/CD24- cells isolated from A549 cells possessed stem cell-like properties with high expression of Notch1. Blocking Notch1 by inhibitor DAPT or siRNA both inhibited the growth capacity of LCSCs. Conclusion Our discovery demonstrated a depression of growth in CD44+/CD24- and A549 cells caused by blockade of Notch signaling pathway. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the detailed effects of Notch1 blocking on the LCSCs. Nevertheless, targeting the Notch pathway has exhibited great potential to be an improved lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yueying Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Hengyao Liu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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18
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MicroRNA targeting by quercetin in cancer treatment and chemoprotection. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104346. [PMID: 31295570 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of evidences from clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) function contributes to the progression of cancer and thus miRNA can be an effective target in therapy. Dietary phytochemicals, such as quercetin, are natural products that have potential anti-cancer properties due to their proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. Available experimental studies indicate that quercetin could modulate multiple cancer-relevant miRNAs including let-7, miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155, thereby inhibiting cancer initiation and development. This paper reviews the data supporting the use of quercetin for miRNA-mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies in various cancers, with the aim to comprehensively understand its health-promoting benefits and pharmacological potential. Integration of technology platforms for miRNAs biomarker and drug discovery is also presented.
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19
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Farah E, Li C, Cheng L, Kong Y, Lanman NA, Pascuzzi P, Lorenz GR, Zhang Y, Ahmad N, Li L, Ratliff T, Liu X. NOTCH signaling is activated in and contributes to resistance in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8543-8554. [PMID: 30940724 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. The androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for treatment of patients with late-stage prostate cancer and is currently under clinical study for early-stage prostate cancer treatment. After a short positive response period, tumors will develop drug resistance. In this study using RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analyses, we observed that NOTCH signaling is a deregulated pathway in enzalutamide-resistant cells. NOTCH2 and c-MYC gene expression positively correlated with AR expression in samples from patient with hormone refractory disease in which AR expression levels correspond to those typically observed in enzalutamide resistance. Cleaved NOTCH1, HES1 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1), and c-MYC protein expression levels are elevated in two enzalutamide-resistant cell lines, MR49F and C4-2R, indicating NOTCH signaling activation. Moreover, inhibition of the overexpressed ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10) in the resistant cells induces an exclusive reduction in cleaved NOTCH1 expression. Furthermore, exposure of enzalutamide-resistant cells to both PF-03084014 and enzalutamide increased cell death, decreased colony formation ability, and resensitized cells to enzalutamide. Knockdown of NOTCH1 in C4-2R increased enzalutamide sensitivity by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing cleaved PARP expression. In a 22RV1 xenograft model, PF-03084014 and enzalutamide decreased tumor growth through reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis. These results indicate that NOTCH1 signaling may contribute to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer, and inhibition of NOTCH signaling can resensitize resistant cells to enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chaohao Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yifan Kong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Nadia A Lanman
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Pete Pascuzzi
- Purdue University Libraries, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - Yanquan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Tim Ratliff
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.
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20
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Wang N, Wang S, Li MY, Hu BG, Liu LP, Yang SL, Yang S, Gong Z, Lai PBS, Chen GG. Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and promising therapeutic strategies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918816287. [PMID: 30622654 PMCID: PMC6304707 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918816287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is ascribed to the resistance of HCC cells to traditional treatments and tumor recurrence after curative therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a small subset of cancer cells which have high capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Recent advances in the field of liver CSCs (LCSCs) have enabled the identification of CSC surface markers and the isolation of CSC subpopulations from HCC cells. Given their central role in cancer initiation, metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic resistance, LCSCs constitute a therapeutic opportunity to achieve cure and prevent relapse of HCC. Thus, it is necessary to develop therapeutic strategies to selectively and efficiently target LCSCs. Small molecular inhibitors targeting the core stemness signaling pathways have been actively pursued and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Other alternative therapeutic strategies include targeting LCSC surface markers, interrupting the CSC microenvironment, and altering the epigenetic state. In this review, we summarize the properties of CSCs in HCC and discuss novel therapeutic strategies that can be used to target LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuozhou Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of
Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong,
China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-guang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong,
China
| | - Li-ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas
Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen
People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical
College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan
District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province,
China
| | - Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Paul B. S. Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
SAR, China
| | - George G. Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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21
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Yang X, He C, Zhu L, Zhao W, Li S, Xia C, Xu C. Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in 8 Types Liver Cell During Liver Regeneration. Biochem Genet 2018; 57:1-19. [PMID: 29961162 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is closely related to cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell fate decisions, DNA damage repair, and so on. However, the exactly regulatory mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in liver regeneration (LR) remains unclear. To reveal the role of Notch signaling pathway in rat liver regeneration, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and related pathway database were firstly used to construct the Notch signaling pathway in this study. Next, eight type cells with high purity were obtained by Percoll density centrifugation and immunomagnetic beads sorting. Then, the expression profiles of Notch signaling pathway-related genes in eight type cells were checked by using Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, and the results showed that the expression of 42 genes were significantly regulated. H-cluster results showed that the hepatic stellate cells are attributed to one cluster; hepatocyte cell, oval cell, sinusoidal endothelial cell, and Kupffer cell are clustered together; and biliary epithelial cell, pit cell, and dendritic cell are one cluster. IPA software and Expression analysis systematic explorer analysis indicated that Notch signaling pathway-related genes were involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage repair, etc. In conclusion, Notch signaling pathway might regulate various physiological activities of LR through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chuncui He
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shuaihong Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Cong Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China. .,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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22
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Chen L, Long C, Youn J, Lee J. A Phenotypic Cell-Binding Screen Identifies a Novel Compound Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:330-334. [PMID: 29718663 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe a "phenotypic cell-binding screen" by which therapeutic candidate targeting cancer cells of a particular phenotype can be isolated without knowledge of drug targets. Chemical library beads are incubated with cancer cells of the phenotype of interest in the presence of cancer cells lacking the phenotype of interest, and then the beads bound to only cancer cells of the phenotype of interest are selected as hits. We have applied this screening strategy in discovering a novel compound (LC129-8) targeting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). LC129-8 displayed highly specific binding to TNBC in cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumor tissues. LC129-8 exerted anti-TNBC activity by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, downregulating cancer stem cell activity and blocking in vivo tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chao Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jonghae Youn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jiyong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Majidinia M, Darband SG, Kaviani M, Nabavi SM, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Yousefi B. Cross-regulation between Notch signaling pathway and miRNA machinery in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 66-67:30-41. [PMID: 29723707 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite their simple structure, the Notch family of receptors regulates a wide-spectrum of key cellular processes including development, tissue patterning, cell-fate determination, proliferation, differentiation and, cell death. On the other hand, accumulating date pinpointed the role of non-coding microRNAs, namely miRNAs in cancer initiation/progression via regulating the expression of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as such the Notch signaling. It is now documented that these two partners are in one or in the opposite directions and rule together the cancer fate. Here, we review the current knowledge relevant to this tricky interplay between different miRNAs and components of Notch signaling pathway. Further, we discuss the implication of this crosstalk in cancer progression/regression in the context of cancer stem cells, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and emergence of multi-drug resistance. Understanding the molecular cues and mechanisms that occur at the interface of miRNA and Notch signaling would open new avenues for development of novel and effective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Li C, Dinu V. miR2Pathway: A novel analytical method to discover MicroRNA-mediated dysregulated pathways involved in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomed Inform 2018; 81:31-40. [PMID: 29578099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Recent studies have shown miRNAs as key regulators of a variety of biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, etc. Aberrantly expressed miRNAs influence individual gene expression level, but rewired miRNA-mRNA connections can influence the activity of biological pathways. Here, we define rewired miRNA-mRNA connections as the differential (rewiring) effects on the activity of biological pathways between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal phenotypes. Our work presented here uses a PageRank-based approach to measure the degree of miRNA-mediated dysregulation of biological pathways between HCC and normal samples based on rewired miRNA-mRNA connections. In our study, we regard the degree of miRNA-mediated dysregulation of biological pathways as disease risk of biological pathways. Therefore, we propose a new method, miR2Pathway, to measure and rank the degree of miRNA-mediated dysregulation of biological pathways by measuring the total differential influence of miRNAs on the activity of pathways between HCC and normal states. miR2Pathway proposed here systematically shows the first evidence for a mechanism of biological pathways being dysregulated by rewired miRNA-mRNA connections, and provides new insight into exploring mechanisms behind HCC. Thus, miR2Pathway is a novel method to identify and rank miRNA-dysregulated pathways in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Valentin Dinu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA.
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Ni MM, Wang YR, Wu WW, Xia CC, Zhang YH, Xu J, Xu T, Li J. Novel Insights on Notch signaling pathways in liver fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:66-74. [PMID: 29501868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by an increased and altered deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that make up excessive tissue scarring and promote chronic liver injury. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal cellular event in the progression of liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms involved in the development of liver fibrosis are only now beginning to be unveiled. The Notch pathway is a fundamental and highly conserved pathway able to control cell-fate, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, regeneration and other cellular activities. Recently, the deregulation of Notch cascade has been found involved in many pathological processes, including liver fibrosis. These data give evidence for a role for Notch signaling in liver fibrosis. In addition,more and more date are available on the role of Notch pathways in the process. Therefore, this review focuses on the current knowledge about the Notch signaling pathway, which dramatically takes part in HSC activation and liver fibrosis, and look ahead on new perspectives of Notch signaling pathway research. Furthermore, we will summarize this new evidence on the different interactions in Notch signaling pathway-regulated liver fibrosis, and support the potentiality of putative biomarkers and unique therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Ya-Rui Wang
- TCM Research Institution, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Wen-Wen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Chong-Cai Xia
- TCM Research Institution, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Yi-He Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University(AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University(AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Redundant angiogenic signaling and tumor drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 36:47-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ikram M, Lim Y, Baek SY, Jin S, Jeong YH, Kwak JY, Yoon S. Co-targeting of Tiam1/Rac1 and Notch ameliorates chemoresistance against doxorubicin in a biomimetic 3D lymphoma model. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2058-2075. [PMID: 29416753 PMCID: PMC5788621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease with a highly variable clinical course and prognosis. Improving the prognosis for patients with relapsed and treatment-resistant lymphoma remains challenging. Current in vitro drug testing models based on 2D cell culture lack natural tissue-like structural organization and result in disappointing clinical outcomes. The development of efficient drug testing models using 3D cell culture that more accurately reflects in vivo behaviors is vital. Our aim was to establish an in vitro 3D lymphoma model that can imitate the in vivo 3D lymphoma microenvironment. Using this model, we explored strategies to enhance chemosensitivity to doxorubicin, an important chemotherapeutic drug widely used for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Lymphoma cells grown in this model exhibited excellent biomimetic properties compared to conventional 2D culture including (1) enhanced chemotherapy resistance, (2) suppressed rate of apoptosis, (3) upregulated expression of drug resistance genes (MDR1, MRP1, BCRP and HIF-1α), (4) elevated levels of tumor aggressiveness factors including Notch (Notch-1, -2, -3, and -4) and its downstream molecules (Hes-1 and Hey-1), VEGF and MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and (5) enrichment of a lymphoma stem cell population. Tiam1, a potential biomarker of tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance, was activated in our 3D lymphoma model. Remarkably, we identified two synergistic therapeutic oncotargets, Tiam1 and Notch, as a strategy to combat resistance against doxorubicin in EL4 T and A20 B lymphoma. Therefore, our data suggest that our 3D lymphoma model is a promising in vitro research platform for studying lymphoma biology and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yeseon Lim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun-Yong Baek
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Songwan Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 15073, Korea
| | - Young Hun Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Bi L, Yan X, Yang Y, Qian L, Tian Y, Mao JH, Chen W. The component formula of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng induces apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion and migration through targeting PTEN in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101599-101613. [PMID: 29254189 PMCID: PMC5731899 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is an urgent need for development of novel therapeutic agents to improve current treatment of this disease. Here we investigate whether the effective component formula of traditional Chinese Medicine could serve as new potential therapeutic drugs to treat lung cancer. We optimize the most effective component formula of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax Ginseng (FMG), which is composed of Salvianolic acid A, 20(S)-Ginsenoside and Ginseng polysaccharide. We discovered that FMG selectively inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis but had no any cytotoxic effects on normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, FMG inhibited lung cancer cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found that FMG significantly promoted p-PTEN expression and subsequently inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The phosphatase activity of PTEN protein was increased after FMG bound to PTEN protein, indicating that PTEN is one of the FMG targeted proteins. In addition, FMG regulated expression of some marker proteins relevant to cell apoptosis, migration and invasion. Collectively, these results provide mechanistic insight into the anti-NSCLC of FMG by enhancing the phosphatase activity of PTEN, and suggest that FMG could be as a potential option for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Changzhou Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Qian
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Brzozowa-Zasada M, Piecuch A, Michalski M, Segiet O, Kurek J, Harabin-Słowińska M, Wojnicz R. Notch and its oncogenic activity in human malignancies. Eur Surg 2017; 49:199-209. [PMID: 29104587 PMCID: PMC5653712 DOI: 10.1007/s10353-017-0491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Notch signaling is deregulated in human hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This signaling has a protumorigenic effect but may also act as a tumor suppressor. How induction of a single pathway gives rise to the opposite effects in different cell types is still unknown. METHODS This review article includes available data from peer-reviewed publications associated with the role of Notch signaling during cancer pathogenesis. RESULTS Numerous reports have indicated that alterations in Notch signaling and its oncogenic activity were originally associated with the pathogenesis of T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), an aggressive hematologic tumor affecting children and adolescents. The possibility that Notch could play a significant role in human breast cancer development comes from studies on mouse mammary tumor virus-induced cancer. Numerous findings over the past several years have indicated that alterations in Notch signaling are also responsible for ovarian cancer development. Mention should also be made of the connection between expression of Notch 3 and increased resistance to chemotherapy, which remains a major obstacle to successful treatment. Notch as an oncogenic factor is also involved in the development of colon cancer, lung carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. CONCLUSION Notch is a binary cell fate determinant and its overexpression has been described as oncogenic in a wide array of human malignancies. This finding led to interest in therapeutically targeting this pathway, especially by the use of gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) blocking the cleavage of Notch receptors at the cell membrane by the inhibition of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) releasing. Preclinical cancer models have revealed that GSIs suppress the growth of cancers such as pancreatic, breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Piecuch
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Michalski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oliwia Segiet
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Harabin-Słowińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Romuald Wojnicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Zhang L, Fang Y, Feng JY, Cai QY, Wei LH, Lin S, Peng J. Chloroform fraction of Scutellaria barbata D. Don inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells by activating miR‑34a. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3695-3701. [PMID: 28498458 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) is a well known formula in traditional Chinese medicine, which exhibits potent anticancer effects on various cancers. Many miRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of cancer, for instance, miR‑34a functions as a tumor suppressor, and is often downregulated during cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of ECSB in suppressing the growth of human colon cancer HCT‑8 cells, and whether this is mediated by regulation of miR‑34a and its downstream target genes, using real-time PCR and western blot analysis. ECSB treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT‑8 cells and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ECSB treatment significantly increased the level of miR‑34a expression and decreased the levels of Bcl-2, Notch1/2 and Jagged1 expression. Furthermore, knockdown of miR‑34a expression through transfection of anti-miR‑34a oligonucleotide was significantly reversed by ECSB treatment. Likewise, knockdown of miR‑34a resulted in significant upregulation of Bcl-2, Notch1/2 and Jagged1 expression, which was reversed following ECSB treatment. Therefore, this study reveals that ECSB inhibited cancer cell growth via promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, through regulation of miR‑34a. These findings further support the use of ECSB as an effective therapeutic agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yu Feng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Yao M, Gao F, Wang X, Shi Y, Liu S, Duan H. Nox4 is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells via Notch pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4319-4325. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu W, Hua S, Dai Y, Yuan Y, Yang J, Deng J, Huo Y, Chen X, Teng B, Yu X, Zhang Y. Roles of Cx43 and AKAP95 in ovarian cancer tissues in G1/S phase. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14315-14324. [PMID: 26823747 PMCID: PMC4713533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cell cycle protein E1 (cyclinE1) and D1 (cyclinD1), and gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in ovarian cancer tissues, the relationship between four proteins and clinicopathologic parameters, and the correlation between these proteins. METHODS The expression of proteins in 54 cases of ovarian cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The positive expression rates of AKAP95, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 in ovarian cancer tissues were 72.22%, 66.67% and 79.63%, respectively, which were higher than that of ovarian pericarcinoma tissues expressing as 33.33%, 25% and 8.30% (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Cx43 in ovarian cancer tissues was 40.74%, which was lower than that of ovarian pericarcinoma tissues expressing as 75%; respectively, and the difference was statistically significant between groups (P<0.05). The expression of cyclinD1 in ovarian cancer tissues was related to the histologic type (P<0.05) while it showed no correlation with the degree of differentiation (P>0.05). Additionally, the expression of AKAP95, Cx43 and cyclinE1 in ovarian cancer tissues showed no correlation with the degree of differentiation or the histologic type (P>0.05). Protein expressions of AKAP95, Cx43 and cyclinE1 were correlated with each other (P<0.05), and the expressions of cyclinD1, cyclinE1 and Cx43 were also correlated with each other (P<0.05). However, AKAP95 and cyclinD1 showed no correlation (P>0.05). CONCLUSION AKAP95, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 play an important role in promoting the process of ovarian cancer formation. The tumor inhibitory effects of Cx43 protein on the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer were weakened. The expression of cyclinD1 in ovarian cancer tissues is related to the histologic type while it shows no correlation with the degree of differentiation. Additionally, the expression of AKAP95, Cx43 and cyclinE1 in ovarian cancer tissues shows no correlation with the degree of differentiation or the histologic type. AKAP95 expression is correlated with Cx43 and cyclinE1 expression; Cx43 expression is correlated with AKAP95, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 expression; cyclinE1 expression is correlated with AKAP95, Cx43, cyclinD1 expression; cyclinD1 expression is correlated with Cx43 and cyclinE1 expression, while AKAP95 and cyclinD1 show no correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116001, PR China
| | - Suhang Hua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116001, PR China
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jiali Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yunjie Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Bogang Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiuyi Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
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Dong M, Wang X, Zhao HL, Zhao YX, Jing YQ, Yuan JH, Guo YJ, Chen XL, Li KQ, Li G. Protein-DNA array-based identification of transcription factor activities differentially regulated in obliterative bronchiolitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7140-7148. [PMID: 26261607 PMCID: PMC4525941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation has already become the preferred treatment option for a variety of end-stage pulmonary failure. However the long-term results of lung transplantation are still not compelling and the major death reason is commonly due to obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) which is considered as chronic rejection presenting manifests physiologically as a progressive decline in FEV1. Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in regulating gene expression and in providing an interconnecting regulatory between related pathway elements. Although the transcription factors are required for expression of the proinflammatory cytokines and immune proteins which are involved in obliterative bronchiolitis following lung transplantation, the alterations of the transcription factors in OB have not yet been revealed. Therefore, to investigate the alteration pattern of the transcription factors in OB, we used protein/DNA arrays. Mice orthotopic tracheal transplantation model was used in this studying. In this study, we explored the activity profiles of TFs in Protein/DNA array data of tracheal tissue in 14 and 28 day after transplanted. From a total of 345 screened TFs, we identified 42 TFs that showed associated with OB progression. Our data indicate that TFs may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of OB, and can prevent, diagnose and treat OB after lung transplantation. In development of OB, some of the TFs may have ability to modulate the transcription of inflammatory proteins such cytokines, inflammatory enzymes and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children’s HospitalNo. 225 Race Course Road, Tianjin 300074, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Ya-Qing Jing
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jing-Hua Yuan
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yi-Jiu Guo
- School of Food Engineering and Biological Techology, Tianjin University of Science & TechnologyNo 29 13th Street, Tanggu Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xing-Long Chen
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Ke-Qiu Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Guang Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
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Kan S, Zhou H, Jin C, Yang H. Effects of PDTC on NF-κB expression and apoptosis in rats with severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3258-3270. [PMID: 26064215 PMCID: PMC4443049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on intrapulmonary expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and apoptosis in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We induced SAP, then used immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, quantitative PCR assays and western blotting to examine PDTC effects. Treatment with PDTC resulted in interstitial edema and widening of the basement membrane, with swollen mitochondria and aggregation of nuclear chromatin. Expression of NF-κB, Fas, Bcl-2 and TNF-α in lung tissues of SAP rats was increased, with NF-κB, Fas and TNF-α levels maximal after 6 h. PDTC appeared to ameliorate pathological changes, with low levels of NF-κB, Fas, TNF-α, and Caspase-3 mRNA observed and a lower apoptosis index compared with that seen in SAP rats. Expression of NF-κB could be involved in lung tissue apoptosis during SAP. We postulate that PDTC inhibits the activation of NF-κB and apoptosis, effectively alleviating the severity of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Kan
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityNo. 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityNo. 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changzhu Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Binzhou Medical CollegeNo. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityNo. 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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Qi F, Yuan Y, Zhi X, Huang Q, Chen Y, Zhuang W, Zhang D, Teng B, Kong X, Zhang Y. Synergistic effects of AKAP95, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and Cx43 in the development of rectal cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1666-1673. [PMID: 25973052 PMCID: PMC4396224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and Connexin43 (Cx43) in rectal cancer tissues and assess the associations between each of the proteins and pathological parameters, as well as their inter-relationships. METHODS AKAP95, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and Cx43 protein expression rates were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 50 rectal cancer specimens and 16 pericarcinoma tissues. RESULTS The positive rates of AKAP95, Cyclin E1, and Cyclin D1 proteins were 54.00 vs. 18.75%, 62.00 vs. 6.25%, and 72.00 vs. 31.25% in rectal cancer specimens and pericarcinoma tissues, respectively, representing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The positive rate of Cx43 protein expression in rectal cancer tissues was 44.00% and 62.50% in pericarcinoma tissues, and the difference between them was not significant (P > 0.05). No significant associations were found between protein expression of AKAP95, Cyclin E1, Cyclin D1, and Cx43, and the degree of differentiation, histological type, and lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer (P > 0.05). However, significant correlations were obtained between the expression rates of AKAP95 and Cyclin E1, Cyclin E1 and Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1 and Cx43 protein, and Cyclin D1 and Cx43, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AKAP95, Cyclin E1, and Cyclin D1 protein expression rates were significantly higher in rectal cancer tissues compared with pericarcinoma samples, suggesting an association between these proteins and the development and progression of rectal cancer. In addition, the significant correlations between the proteins (AKAP95 and Cyclin E1, Cyclin E1 and Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1 and Cx43 protein, and Cyclin D1 and Cx43) indicate the possible synergistic effects of these factors in the development and progression of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Qi
- Department of Pathology of Liaoning Medical CollegeJinzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xuehong Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yuexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Bogang Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalian 116001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
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