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Fernández-Regueras M, Carbonell C, Salete-Granado D, García JL, Gragera M, Pérez-Nieto MÁ, Morán-Plata FJ, Mayado A, Torres JL, Corchete LA, Usategui-Martín R, Bueno-Martínez E, Rojas-Pirela M, Sabio G, González-Sarmiento R, Orfao A, Laso FJ, Almeida J, Marcos M. Predominantly Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype with Mixed M1/M2 Polarization of Peripheral Blood Classical Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages among Patients with Excessive Ethanol Intake. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1708. [PMID: 37760011 PMCID: PMC10525853 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption impairs the immune system, induces oxidative stress, and triggers the activation of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, thereby contributing to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We analyzed the M1/M2 phenotypes of circulating classical monocytes and macrophage-derived monocytes (MDMs) in excessive alcohol drinkers (EADs). PB samples from 20 EADs and 22 healthy controls were collected for isolation of CD14+ monocytes and short-term culture with LPS/IFNγ, IL4/IL13, or without stimulation. These conditions were also used to polarize MDMs into M1, M2, or M0 phenotypes. Cytokine production was assessed in the blood and culture supernatants. M1/M2-related markers were analyzed using mRNA expression and surface marker detection. Additionally, the miRNA profile of CD14+ monocytes was analyzed. PB samples from EADs exhibited increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Following short-term culture, unstimulated blood samples from EADs showed higher levels of soluble TNF-α and IL-8, whereas monocytes expressed increased levels of surface TNF-α and elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. MDMs from EADs showed higher levels of TNF-α and CD206 surface markers and increased IL-10 production. LPS/IFNγ induced higher mRNA expression of Nrf2 only in the controls. miRNA analysis revealed a distinctive miRNA profile that is potentially associated with liver carcinogenesis and ALD through inflammation and oxidative stress. This study confirms the predominantly pro-inflammatory profile of PB monocytes among EADs and suggests immune exhaustion features in MDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Regueras
- Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Salete-Granado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan-Luis García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos Gragera
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Pérez-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, 42002 Soria, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Morán-Plata
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Luis Torres
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, 49022 Zamora, Spain
| | - Luis-Antonio Corchete
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Bueno-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Laso
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Li N, Lewandowski RP, Sidhu D, Holz C, Jackson-Humbles D, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Akbari P, Cho AK, Harkema JR, Froines JR, Wagner JG. Combined adjuvant effects of ambient vapor-phase organic components and particulate matter potently promote allergic sensitization and Th2-skewing cytokine and chemokine milieux in mice: The importance of mechanistic multi-pollutant research. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:21-32. [PMID: 34863859 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is linked to asthma, the health effects of co-existing vapor-phase organic pollutants (vapor) and their combined effects with PM on this disease are poorly understood. We used a murine asthma model to test the hypothesis that exposure to vapor would enhance allergic sensitization and this effect would be further strengthened by co-existing PM. We found that vapor and PM each individually exerted adjuvant effects on OVA sensitization. Co-exposure to vapor and PM during sensitization further enhanced allergic lung inflammation and OVA-specific antibody production which was accompanied by pulmonary cytokine/chemokine milieu that favored T-helper 2 immunity (i.e. increased IL-4, downregulation of Il12a and Ifng, and upregulation of Ccl11 and Ccl8). TNFα, IL-6, Ccl12, Cxcl1 and detoxification/antioxidant enzyme responses in the lung were pollutant-dependent. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 secretion from primary antigen-presenting dendritic cells correlated positively with vapor's oxidant potential. In conclusion, concurrent exposure to vapor and PM led to significantly exaggerated adjuvant effects on allergic lung inflammation which were more potent than that of each pollutant type alone. These findings suggest that the effects of multi-component air pollution on asthma may be significantly underestimated if research only focuses on a single air pollutant (e.g., PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Ryan P Lewandowski
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Damansher Sidhu
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carine Holz
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Akbari
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arthur K Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John R Froines
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Guan X, Truong L, M. Lomnicki S, L. Tanguay R, A. Cormier S. Developmental Hazard of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Protective Effect of TEMPOL in Zebrafish Model. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9010012. [PMID: 33467068 PMCID: PMC7829864 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) can be detected in ambient PM2.5, cigarette smoke, and soils and are formed through combustion and thermal processing of organic materials. The hazards of EPFRs are largely unknown. In this study, we assess the developmental toxicity of EPFRs and the ability of TEMPOL (4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl) to protect against such hazards using zebrafish embryos. Particles containing EPFRs were acquired by dosing dichlorobenzene (DCB) vapor on the Cab-o-sil/5% CuO particles at 230 °C in vacuo (referred to as DCB-230). The particles were suspended in ultrapure water to make 1 mg/mL of stock solution from which series dilution was undertaken to obtain 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL final test solutions, which were then placed in individual wells with a 4 h postfertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryo. Plates were run in duplicate to obtain a sample size of 24 animals per concentration; 12 embryos were exposed per concentration per plate. Statistical analysis of the morphology endpoints was performed. We investigated overt toxicity responses to DCB-230 in a 22-endpoint battery that included developing zebrafish from 24–120 hpf. Exposure to concentrations greater than 60 µg/mL of DCB-230 induced high mortality in the developmental zebrafish model. Exposure to EPFRs induced developmental hazards that were closely related to the concentrations of free radicals and EPFRs. The potential protective effects of TEMPOL against EPFRs’ toxicity in zebrafish were investigated. Exposure to EPFRs plus TEMPOL shifted the concentration to an induced 50% adverse effect (EC50), from 23.6 to 30.8 µg/mL, which verifies TEMPOL’s protective effect against EPFRs in the early phase of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (X.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA; (L.T.); (R.L.T.)
| | - Slawomir M. Lomnicki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (X.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA; (L.T.); (R.L.T.)
| | - Stephania A. Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Correspondence:
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Fan X, Mills ST, Kaalla MJ, Sueblinvong V. Alcohol induces TGFβ1 via downregulation of miR-1946a in murine lung fibroblast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19089. [PMID: 33154445 PMCID: PMC7644620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) expression worsens fibroproliferation following bleomycin-induced lung injury in alcohol-fed mice. MicroRNA (miR)-1946a is predicted to bind to the TGFβ1 3′ untranslated region (UTR), thereby inhibiting its transcription. We hypothesize that alcohol suppresses miR-1946a and induces TGFβ1. Primary murine lung fibroblasts (PLFs) were cultured ± alcohol, miR-1946a mimic or inhibitor, and TGFβ1 signaling inhibitors. miR-1946a was analyzed after alcohol treatment in vitro and in vivo. TGFβ1 expression and TGFβ1 3′UTR-luciferase activity was quantified. We showed that alcohol suppressed miR-1946a in the alcohol-fed mouse lungs and PLFs. MiR-1946a inhibitor increased TGFβ1 expression in the fibroblast. MiR-1946a mimic treatment suppressed TGFβ1 gene expression and TGFβ1 3′UTR activity. Overexpression of miR1946a inhibited alcohol-induced TGFβ1 gene and protein expression as well as alcohol-induced TGFβ1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) protein expression in PLFs. In conclusion, miR-1946a modulates TGFβ1 expression through direct interaction with TGFβ1 3′UTR. These findings identify a novel mechanism by which alcohol induces TGFβ1 in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 205, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephen T Mills
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 205, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Viranuj Sueblinvong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 205, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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The Role and Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Particulate Matter in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Perspective. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8254909. [PMID: 32411804 PMCID: PMC7201641 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8254909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, affects numerous people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM), either acutely or chronically, is associated with the exacerbation and incidence of pediatric asthma. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms by which PM contributes to the incidence of asthma remain largely unknown. In this short review, we summarize studies of relationships between PM and pediatric asthma and recent advances on the fundamental mechanisms of PM-related asthma, with emphases on cell death regulation and immune system responses. We further discuss the inadequacy of current studies and give a perspective on the prevention strategies for pediatric asthma.
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Slovinsky WS, Romero F, Sales D, Shaghaghi H, Summer R. The involvement of GM-CSF deficiencies in parallel pathways of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and the alcoholic lung. Alcohol 2019; 80:73-79. [PMID: 31229291 PMCID: PMC6592783 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption renders the lung more susceptible to infections by disrupting essential alveolar macrophage functions. Emerging evidence suggests that these functional deficits are due, in part, to a suppression of GM-CSF signaling, which is believed to compromise monocyte growth and maturation in the lung. However, in addition to controlling monocyte behaviors, GM-CSF also regulates surfactant homeostasis. For example, mice with targeted deletion of the gene for GM-CSF accumulate large amounts of surfactant phospholipids in their lungs. Moreover, decreased GM-CSF signaling in humans has been linked to the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a rare disorder in which surfactant lipids and proteins accumulate in alveolar macrophages and the lung exhibits enhanced susceptibility to infection. Consistent with parallel mechanisms in the PAP and alcoholic lung, we have recently reported that levels of intrapulmonary lipids, specifically triglycerides and free fatty acids, are increased in BAL fluid, whole lung digests and alveolar macrophages of chronically alcohol exposed rats. Additionally, we showed that uptake of saturated fatty acids alone could induce phenotypic and functional changes in alveolar macrophages that mimicked those in the alcohol-exposed rat and human lung. Herein, we discuss the role of GM-CSF in surfactant homeostasis and highlight the evidence that links decreased GM-CSF signaling to alveolar macrophage dysfunction in both the PAP and alcohol-exposed lung. Moreover, we discuss how lipid accumulation itself might contribute to altering alveolar macrophage function and propose how targeting these mechanisms could be employed for reducing the susceptibility to pulmonary infections in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Slovinsky
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Freddy Romero
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Dominic Sales
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hoora Shaghaghi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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de Barros Mendes Lopes T, Groth EE, Veras M, Furuya TK, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, Lopes FD, de Almeida FM, Cardoso WV, Saldiva PHN, Chammas R, Mauad T. Pre- and postnatal exposure of mice to concentrated urban PM 2.5 decreases the number of alveoli and leads to altered lung function at an early stage of life. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:511-520. [PMID: 29883952 PMCID: PMC6407120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to air pollution is associated with negative outcomes in newborns and children. In a previous study, we demonstrated a synergistic negative effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to PM2.5 on lung development in mice. However, the means by which air pollution affects development of the lung have not yet been identified. In this study, we exposed pregnant BALB/c mice and their offspring to concentrated urban PM2.5 (from São Paulo, Brazil; target dose 600 μg/m3 for 1 h daily). Exposure was started on embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5, time of placental implantation). Lung tissue of fetuses and offspring was submitted to stereological and transcriptomic analyses at E14.5 (pseudoglandular stage of lung development), E18.5 (saccular stage) and P40 (postnatal day 40, alveolarized lung). Additionally, lung function and cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were studied in offspring animals at P40. Compared to control animals that were exposed to filtered air throughout gestation and postnatal life, PM-exposed mice exhibited higher lung elastance and a lower alveolar number at P40 whilst the total lung volume and cellularity of BAL fluid were not affected. Glandular and saccular structures of fetal lungs were not altered upon gestational exposure; transcriptomic signatures, however, showed changes related to DNA damage and its regulation, inflammation and regulation of cell proliferation. A differential expression was validated at E14.5 for the candidates Sox8, Angptl4 and Gas1. Our data substantiate the in utero biomolecular effect of gestational exposure to air pollution and provide first-time stereological evidence that pre- and early life-postnatal exposure compromise lung development, leading to a reduced number of alveoli and an impairment of lung function in the adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Barros Mendes Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Espen E Groth
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane K Furuya
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Degobbi Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine M de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Macrophage polarization and function: new prospects for fibrotic disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:864-869. [PMID: 29044201 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Labranche N, Khattabi CE, Berkenboom G, Pochet S. Effects of diesel exhaust particles on macrophage polarization. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:412-420. [PMID: 27224998 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116651123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has long been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The development of DEP toxicity seems to be linked to inflammation in which macrophages play a critical role. Macrophages can be polarized into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. The aim of this study was to identify the role of inflammation in DEP-induced toxicity by assessing the effects of DEP on macrophage polarization. METHODS Monocyte-derived macrophages (Mϕ) were stimulated with interferon γ and lipopolysaccharide or interleukin (IL)-4 to obtain M1 and M2 subtypes, respectively. To test the polarization capacity of DEP, Mϕ cells were exposed to DEP and compared to Mϕ, M1, and M2. We also studied the effects of DEP on already-polarized M1 or M2. The M1 markers assessed were tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-1β, while the M2 markers were the mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC-1) and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). RESULTS Western blots revealed a 31 kDa band corresponding to pro-IL-1β, but only in M1-polarized macrophages. In M1, we also observed an upregulation of TNF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. MRC-1 and TGM2 mRNA expression were only significantly enhanced in M2. DEP had no effect on any of the M1/M2 markers assessed. Moreover, DEP were not able to modify the phenotype of already-polarized M1 or M2. CONCLUSION Mϕ incubation with DEP did not have any effect on macrophage polarization, at least on the markers assessed in this study, namely, TNF-α/IL-1β for M1, and MRC-1/TGM2 for M2. Hence, these data argue against an important role of inflammation in DEP-induced vascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Labranche
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C El Khattabi
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Berkenboom
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Pochet
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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O'Halloran EB, Curtis BJ, Afshar M, Chen MM, Kovacs EJ, Burnham EL. Alveolar macrophage inflammatory mediator expression is elevated in the setting of alcohol use disorders. Alcohol 2016; 50:43-50. [PMID: 26781212 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary diseases, including bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a vital role in the clearance of pathogens and regulation of inflammation, but these functions may be impaired in the setting of alcohol exposure. We examined the effect of AUDs on profiles of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in human AMs isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 19 AUD subjects and 20 age-, sex-, and smoking-matched control subjects. By multiplex bead array, the lysates of AMs from subjects with AUDs had significant elevation in the cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL10, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) (p < 0.05). Additionally, a 1.8-fold increase in IL-1β, 2.0-fold increase in IL-6, 2.3-fold increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ), 1.4-fold increase in CCL3, and a 2.3-fold increase in CCL4 was observed in the AUD group as compared to the control group. We also observed compensatory increases in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA (p < 0.05). AUD subjects had 5-fold higher levels of CXCL11 mRNA expression (p < 0.05) and a 2.4-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA expression by RT-PCR as well. In these investigations, alcohol use disorders were associated with functional changes in human AMs, suggesting that chronic alcohol exposure portends a chronically pro-inflammatory profile in these cells.
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Gaydos J, McNally A, Guo R, Vandivier RW, Simonian PL, Burnham EL. Alcohol abuse and smoking alter inflammatory mediator production by pulmonary and systemic immune cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L507-18. [PMID: 26747782 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00242.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and tobacco smoking are associated with an increased predisposition for community-acquired pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mechanisms are incompletely established but may include alterations in response to pathogens by immune cells, including alveolar macrophages (AMs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We sought to determine the relationship of AUDs and smoking to expression of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα by AMs and PBMCs from human subjects after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). AMs and PBMCs from healthy subjects with AUDs and controls, matched on smoking, were cultured with LPS (1 μg/ml) or LTA (5 μg/ml) in the presence and absence of the antioxidant precursor N-acetylcysteine (10 mM). Cytokines were measured in cell culture supernatants. Expression of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in AMs and PBMCs was significantly increased in response to stimulation with LPS and LTA. AUDs were associated with augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IFNγ and IL-1β, by AMs and PBMCs in response to LPS. Smoking diminished the impact of AUDs on AM cytokine expression. Expression of basal AM and PBMC Toll-like receptors-2 and -4 was not clearly related to differences in cytokine expression; however, addition of N-acetylcysteine with LPS or LTA led to diminished AM and PBMC cytokine secretion, especially among current smokers. Our findings suggest that AM and PBMC immune cell responses to LPS and LTA are influenced by AUDs and smoking through mechanisms that may include alterations in cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Gaydos
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Alicia McNally
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ruixin Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - R William Vandivier
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Philip L Simonian
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado;
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Romero F, Shah D, Duong M, Stafstrom W, Hoek JB, Kallen CB, Lang CH, Summer R. Chronic alcohol ingestion in rats alters lung metabolism, promotes lipid accumulation, and impairs alveolar macrophage functions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:840-9. [PMID: 24940828 PMCID: PMC4291549 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0127oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism impairs pulmonary immune homeostasis and predisposes to inflammatory lung diseases, including infectious pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although alcoholism has been shown to alter hepatic metabolism, leading to lipid accumulation, hepatitis, and, eventually, cirrhosis, the effects of alcohol on pulmonary metabolism remain largely unknown. Because both the lung and the liver actively engage in lipid synthesis, we hypothesized that chronic alcoholism would impair pulmonary metabolic homeostasis in ways similar to its effects in the liver. We reasoned that perturbations in lipid metabolism might contribute to the impaired pulmonary immunity observed in people who chronically consume alcohol. We studied the metabolic consequences of chronic alcohol consumption in rat lungs in vivo and in alveolar epithelial type II cells and alveolar macrophages (AMs) in vitro. We found that chronic alcohol ingestion significantly alters lung metabolic homeostasis, inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase, increasing lipid synthesis, and suppressing the expression of genes essential to metabolizing fatty acids (FAs). Furthermore, we show that these metabolic alterations promoted a lung phenotype that is reminiscent of alcoholic fatty liver and is characterized by marked accumulation of triglycerides and free FAs within distal airspaces, AMs, and, to a lesser extent, alveolar epithelial type II cells. We provide evidence that the metabolic alterations in alcohol-exposed rats are mechanistically linked to immune impairments in the alcoholic lung: the elevations in FAs alter AM phenotypes and suppress both phagocytic functions and agonist-induced inflammatory responses. In summary, our work demonstrates that chronic alcohol ingestion impairs lung metabolic homeostasis and promotes pulmonary immune dysfunction. These findings suggest that therapies aimed at reversing alcohol-related metabolic alterations might be effective for preventing and/or treating alcohol-related pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and
| | - Caleb B. Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Charles H. Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Lee GI, Saravia J, You D, Shrestha B, Jaligama S, Hebert VY, Dugas TR, Cormier SA. Exposure to combustion generated environmentally persistent free radicals enhances severity of influenza virus infection. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:57. [PMID: 25358535 PMCID: PMC4222384 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposures to elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) enhance severity of influenza virus infection in infants. The biological mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is unknown. The recent identification of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) associated with PM from a variety of combustion sources suggests its role in the enhancement of influenza disease severity. Methods Neonatal mice (< seven days of age) were exposed to DCB230 (combustion derived PM with a chemisorbed EPFR), DCB50 (non-EPFR PM sample), or air for 30 minutes/day for seven consecutive days. Four days post-exposure, neonates were infected with influenza intranasally at 1.25 TCID50/neonate. Neonates were assessed for morbidity (% weight gain, peak pulmonary viral load, and viral clearance) and percent survival. Lungs were isolated and assessed for oxidative stress (8-isoprostanes and glutathione levels), adaptive immune response to influenza, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The role of the EPFR was also assessed by use of transgenic mice expressing human superoxide dismutase 2. Results Neonates exposed to EPFRs had significantly enhanced morbidity and decreased survival following influenza infection. Increased oxidative stress was also observed in EPFR exposed neonates. This correlated with increased pulmonary Tregs and dampened protective T cell responses to influenza infection. Reduction of EPFR-induced oxidative stress attenuated these effects. Conclusions Neonatal exposure to EPFR containing PM resulted in pulmonary oxidative stress and enhanced influenza disease severity. EPFR-induced oxidative stress resulted in increased presence of Tregs in the lungs and subsequent suppression of adaptive immune response to influenza. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0057-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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