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Panduga S, Vasishta S, Subramani R, Vincent S, Mutalik S, Joshi MB. Epidrugs in the clinical management of atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, challenges and promises. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176827. [PMID: 39038635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex and multigenic pathology associated with significant epigenetic reprogramming. Traditional factors (age, sex, obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension) and non-traditional factors (foetal indices, microbiome alteration, clonal hematopoiesis, air pollution, sleep disorders) induce endothelial dysfunction, resulting in reduced vascular tone and increased vascular permeability, inflammation and shear stress. These factors induce paracrine and autocrine interactions between several cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells. Such cellular interactions lead to tissue-specific epigenetic reprogramming regulated by DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, which manifests in atherosclerosis. Our review outlines epigenetic signatures during atherosclerosis, which are viewed as potential clinical biomarkers that may be adopted as new therapeutic targets. Additionally, we emphasize epigenetic modifiers referred to as 'epidrugs' as potential therapeutic molecules to correct gene expression patterns and restore vascular homeostasis during atherosclerosis. Further, we suggest nanomedicine-based strategies involving the use of epidrugs, which may selectively target cells in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and reduce off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Panduga
- Department of Biochemistry, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India; PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Subramani
- Department of Biochemistry, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India
| | - Sthevaan Vincent
- Department of Pathology, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Zhao S, Ye B, Chi H, Cheng C, Liu J. Identification of peripheral blood immune infiltration signatures and construction of monocyte-associated signatures in ovarian cancer and Alzheimer's disease using single-cell sequencing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17454. [PMID: 37449151 PMCID: PMC10336450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common tumor of the female reproductive system, while Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects cognitive function in the elderly. Monocytes are immune cells in the blood that can enter tissues and transform into macrophages, thus participating in immune and inflammatory responses. Overall, monocytes may play an important role in Alzheimer's disease and ovarian cancer. Methods The CIBERSORT algorithm results indicate a potential crucial role of monocytes/macrophages in OC and AD. To identify monocyte marker genes, single-cell RNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from OC and AD patients were analyzed. Enrichment analysis of various cell subpopulations was performed using the "irGSEA" R package. The estimation of cell cycle was conducted with the "tricycle" R package, and intercellular communication networks were analyzed using "CellChat". For 134 monocyte-associated genes (MRGs), bulk RNA-seq data from two diseased tissues were obtained. Cox regression analysis was employed to develop risk models, categorizing patients into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups. The model's accuracy was validated using an external GEO cohort. The different risk groups were evaluated in terms of immune cell infiltration, mutational status, signaling pathways, immune checkpoint expression, and immunotherapy. To identify characteristic MRGs in AD, two machine learning algorithms, namely random forest and support vector machine (SVM), were utilized. Results Based on Cox regression analysis, a risk model consisting of seven genes was developed in OC, indicating a better prognosis for patients in the LR group. The LR group had a higher tumor mutation burden, immune cell infiltration abundance, and immune checkpoint expression. The results of the TIDE algorithm and the IMvigor210 cohort showed that the LR group was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, ZFP36L1 and AP1S2 were identified as characteristic MRGs affecting OC and AD progression. Conclusion The risk profile containing seven genes identified in this study may help further guide clinical management and targeted therapy for OC. ZFP36L1 and AP1S2 may serve as biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for patients with OC and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Bicheng Ye
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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Yang A, Zeng W, Zhang H, Hao Y, Wang Q, Sun Y, Quan S, Ding N, Yang X, Sun J, Zhang H, Liu B, Jiao Y, Wu K, Jiang Y. Homocysteine accelerates hepatocyte autophagy by upregulating TFEB via DNMT3b-mediated DNA hypomethylation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1184-1192. [PMID: 37021975 PMCID: PMC10448047 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the physiology and pathophysiology of hepatocytes. High level of homocysteine (Hcy) promotes autophagy in hepatocytes, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we investigate the relationship between Hcy-induced autophagy level and the expression of nuclear transcription factor EB (TFEB). The results show that Hcy-induced autophagy level is mediated by upregulation of TFEB. Silencing of TFEB decreases the level of autophagy-related protein LC3BII/I and increases p62 expression level in hepatocytes after exposure to Hcy. Moreover, the effect of Hcy on the expression of TFEB is regulated by hypomethylation of the TFEB promoter catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b). In summary, this study shows that Hcy can activate autophagy by inhibiting DNMT3b-mediated DNA methylation and upregulating TFEB expression. These findings provide another new mechanism for Hcy-induced autophagy in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Yang
- College of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha41000China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Scientific Research and TeachingCentral Hospital of ShaoyangShaoyang422000China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yinju Hao
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yue Sun
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- School of Public Health and ManagementNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Shangkun Quan
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Ning Ding
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Translational Cancer ResearchDepartment of Laboratory MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalChangsha410000China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha41000China
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yun Jiao
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Kai Wu
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- of PathophysiologyNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
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Gallardo VJ, Gómez-Galván JB, Asskour L, Torres-Ferrús M, Alpuente A, Caronna E, Pozo-Rosich P. A study of differential microRNA expression profile in migraine: the microMIG exploratory study. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:11. [PMID: 36797674 PMCID: PMC9936672 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have described potential microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers associated with migraine, but studies are scarcely reproducible primarily due to the heterogeneous variability of participants. Increasing evidence shows that disease-related intrinsic factors together with lifestyle (environmental factors), influence epigenetic mechanisms and in turn, diseases. Hence, the main objective of this exploratory study was to find differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with migraine compared to healthy controls in a well-controlled homogeneous cohort of non-menopausal women. METHODS Patients diagnosed with migraine according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) and healthy controls without familial history of headache disorders were recruited. All participants completed a very thorough questionnaire and structured-interview in order to control for environmental factors. RNA was extracted from PBMC and a microarray system (GeneChip miRNA 4.1 Array chip, Affymetrix) was used to determine the miRNA profiles between study groups. Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to study samples distribution and random forest (RF) algorithms were computed for the classification task. To evaluate the stability of the results and the prediction error rate, a bootstrap (.632 + rule) was run through all the procedure. Finally, a functional enrichment analysis of selected targets was computed through protein-protein interaction networks. RESULTS After RF classification, three DE miRNA distinguished study groups in a very homogeneous female cohort, controlled by factors such as demographics (age and BMI), life-habits (physical activity, caffeine and alcohol consumptions), comorbidities and clinical features associated to the disease: miR-342-3p, miR-532-3p and miR-758-5p. Sixty-eight target genes were predicted which were linked mainly to enriched ion channels and signaling pathways, neurotransmitter and hormone homeostasis, infectious diseases and circadian entrainment. CONCLUSIONS A 3-miRNA (miR-342-3p, miR-532-3p and miR-758-5p) novel signature has been found differentially expressed between controls and patients with migraine. Enrichment analysis showed that these pathways are closely associated with known migraine pathophysiology, which could lead to the first reliable epigenetic biomarker set. Further studies should be performed to validate these findings in a larger and more heterogeneous sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Gallardo
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. B. Gómez-Galván
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Asskour
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Torres-Ferrús
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Neurology Department, Headache Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Alpuente
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Neurology Department, Headache Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Caronna
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Neurology Department, Headache Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Pozo-Rosich
- grid.430994.30000 0004 1763 0287Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Neurology Department, Headache Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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The Status of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101919. [PMID: 36290642 PMCID: PMC9598131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence (AD). This meta-analysis was aimed at investigating the changes in the levels of OS biomarkers in AD patients. We included relevant literature published before 1 April 2022, from the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases following PRISMA guidelines. Finally, 15 eligible articles were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 860 patients and 849 controls. Compared with healthy controls, AD patients had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes, and lower levels of albumin, while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin B12, homocysteine, and bilirubin were significantly increased in serum/plasma samples of AD subjects (all p < 0.05). In male patients, the activities of SOD and GPx were increased in serum/plasma but decreased in erythrocytes (all p < 0.05). The opposite trends in the level of SOD and GPx activities in serum/plasma and erythrocytes of male patients could be used as the biomarker of alcohol-induced OS injury, and the synergistic changes of MDA, vitamin B12, albumin, bilirubin, and homocysteine levels should also be considered.
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The Role of DNA Methylation in Stroke Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810373. [PMID: 36142283 PMCID: PMC9499691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations affect the onset of ischemic stroke, brain injury after stroke, and mechanisms of poststroke recovery. In particular, DNA methylation can be dynamically altered by maintaining normal brain function or inducing abnormal brain damage. DNA methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), which promotes methylation, DNA demethylase, which removes methyl groups, and methyl-cytosine–phosphate–guanine-binding domain (MBD) protein, which binds methylated DNA and inhibits gene expression. Investigating the effects of modulating DNMT, TET, and MBD protein expression on neuronal cell death and neurorepair in ischemic stroke and elucidating the underlying mechanisms can facilitate the formulation of therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection and promotion of neuronal recovery after stroke. In this review, we summarize the role of DNA methylation in neuroprotection and neuronal recovery after stroke according to the current knowledge regarding the effects of DNA methylation on excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and recovery after ischemic stroke. This review of the literature regarding the role of DNA methylation in neuroprotection and functional recovery after stroke may contribute to the development and application of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke.
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Tao K, Li M, Ling J, Tu Y. Prevalence and correlative factors of hyperhomocysteinemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24563. [PMID: 35712847 PMCID: PMC9279943 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) draws little attention from surgeons preoperatively. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and correlative factors of HHcy in elderly patients (≥65 years) with FNF prior to surgery. Methods We retrospectively investigated 286 elderly FNF patients aged 65–98 years admitted to our institution from September 2020 to September 2021. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi‐squared test, and continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the associations of variables with the odds of HHcy. Results Among the 286 elderly FNF patients, the prevalence of HHcy was 30.77% and the mean Hcy level was 14.52 ± 10.49 μmol/L. The mean Hcy level and the prevalence of HHcy in male patients were significantly higher than that in female patients (16.41 ± 9.58 μmol/L vs. 14.00 ± 10.69 μmol/L, p = 0.002; 43.55% vs. 27.23%, p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that being male patient (OR 2.187, 95% CI 1.187–4.028, p = 0.012), hypertension (OR 1.993, 95% CI 1.141–3.479, p = 0.015), and low HDL‐C (OR 2.979, 95% CI 1.353–6.558, p = 0.007) were significant correlative factors of HHcy among elderly FNF patients. Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of HHcy in elderly FNF patients, with being male patient, hypertension, and low levels of HDL‐C as the significant correlative factors after adjusting for age and other covariables. However, further large‐scale studies in wider regions are warranted to confirm these findings. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which have been associated with increased cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and thromboembolic diseases in elderly patients, are frequently neglected by orthopedic surgeons in their clinical practices. Using the descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression model, we found a high prevalence (30.77%) of HHcy among elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF), with being male patient, hypertension, and low levels of HDL‐C as the significant correlates after adjusting for age and other covariables. The current findings may help to the preoperative assessment and optimization of patient with FNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Yiji Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
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Shi Y, Wu Z, Wu J, Chen Z, Li P. Serum Homocysteine Level Is Positively Correlated With Serum Uric Acid Level in U.S. Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:818836. [PMID: 35425802 PMCID: PMC9001925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.818836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiologically, the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and serum uric acid (SUA) are closely related; however, clinical studies on the relationship between Hcy and SUA have drawn different conclusions and have not analyzed this association among adolescents. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the relationship between Hcy and SUA levels among adolescents. Methods In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the period 1999–2006, which included 5,404 adolescents aged 12–19 years. An elevated SUA level was defined as ≥5.5 mg/dL. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regression models were also applied in this study. Results The mean concentrations of Hcy and SUA were 6.0 μmol/L and 5.0 mg/dL, respectively, and 33.6% of the participants had SUA levels of ≥5.5 mg/dL. There was a dose–response relationship between Hcy and SUA, and Hcy was linearly positively correlated with SUA. The β value [95% confidence interval (CI)] for SUA in the fully adjusted model was1.43 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.68). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that per 1 increment in log-transformed Hcy, the risk of elevated SUA levels increased by 8.80 times (odds ratio, 8.80, 95% CI: 4.25, 18.20). Subgroup analyses showed that the relationship between Hcy and SUA was significantly different according to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stratification (P for interaction <0.05). Conclusion Hcy levels were positively correlated with SUA levels and elevated SUA levels among U.S. teenagers, and this effect was more significant among boys aged ≥17 years and among people with lower BMI and eGFR.
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Li J, Shu A, Sun Y, Yang W, Tang X, Pu H, Peng Y, Hu X, Qing Y, Wang J, Wan C, Zhou M, Zhang M. DNA methylation age acceleration is associated with age of onset in Chinese spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patients. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 113:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hagedorn JM, Gunn J, Budwany R, D’Souza RS, Chakravarthy K, Deer TR. How Well Do Current Laboratory Biomarkers Inform Clinical Decision-Making in Chronic Pain Management? J Pain Res 2021; 14:3695-3710. [PMID: 34887680 PMCID: PMC8651047 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s311974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decision-making in chronic pain patients involves a combination of subjective and objective criteria, including patient history, physical examination, imaging, and patient response to prior treatments, clinical experience, probabilities, and recognition of patterns. However, there is a distinct lack of objective laboratory biomarkers in use in routine clinical care. The objective was to review the literature to identify and describe specific biomarkers in chronic pain management. METHODS This is a narrative review of the literature regarding the use of laboratory biomarkers in chronic pain. A librarian-assisted literature search of the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed and resulted in 304 possible manuscripts. We included manuscripts assessing laboratory collected biomarkers from urine, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. After screening and review of the initial literature search results, a total of 75 manuscripts were included in the narrative review. CONCLUSION The studies reviewed suggested that specific biomarkers may help identify those patients at risk of disease development and function as a prognostic indicator for disease progression and treatment response. However, additional research is necessary before specific recommendations can be made, and current clinical decision-making is modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Hagedorn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua Gunn
- Ethos Research & Development, Newport, KY, USA
| | | | - Ryan S D’Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Deer
- The Spine & Nerve Centers of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA
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Wu L, Zhang Y, Ren J. Epigenetic modification in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to therapeutic opportunities. Metabolism 2021; 125:154909. [PMID: 34627873 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption prompts detrimental psychological, pathophysiological and health issues, representing one of the major causes of death worldwide. Alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is characterized by compulsive alcohol intake and loss of control over alcohol usage, arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. More importantly, long-term abuse of alcohol is often tied with unfavorable cardiac remodeling and contractile alterations, a cadre of cardiac responses collectively known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Recent evidence has denoted a pivotal role for ethanol-triggered epigenetic modifications, the interface between genome and environmental cues, in the organismal and cellular responses to ethanol exposure. To-date, three major epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms) have been identified for the onset and development of AUD and ACM. Importantly, these epigenetic changes induced by alcohol may be detectable in the blood, thus offering diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic promises of epigenetic markers for AUD and alcoholic complications. In addition, several epigenetic drugs have shown efficacies in the management of alcohol abuse, loss of control for alcohol usage, relapse, drinking-related anxiety and behavior in withdrawal. In this context, medications targeting epigenetic modifications may hold promises for pharmaceutical management of AUD and ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Nieraad H, Pannwitz N, de Bruin N, Geisslinger G, Till U. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Metabolic Role and Animal Studies with a Focus on Cognitive Performance and Decline-A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1546. [PMID: 34680179 PMCID: PMC8533891 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the one-carbon metabolism are often indicated by altered levels of the endogenous amino acid homocysteine (HCys), which is additionally discussed to causally contribute to diverse pathologies. In the first part of the present review, we profoundly and critically discuss the metabolic role and pathomechanisms of HCys, as well as its potential impact on different human disorders. The use of adequate animal models can aid in unravelling the complex pathological processes underlying the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Therefore, in the second part, we systematically searched PubMed/Medline for animal studies regarding HHCys and focused on the potential impact on cognitive performance and decline. The majority of reviewed studies reported a significant effect of HHCys on the investigated behavioral outcomes. Despite of persistent controversial discussions about equivocal findings, especially in clinical studies, the present evaluation of preclinical evidence indicates a causal link between HHCys and cognition-related- especially dementia-like disorders, and points out the further urge for large-scale, well-designed clinical studies in order to elucidate the normalization of HCys levels as a potential preventative or therapeutic approach in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Xiao K, Ma S, Xu L, Ding N, Zhang H, Xie L, Xu L, Jiao Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Interaction between PSMD10 and GRP78 accelerates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated hepatic apoptosis induced by homocysteine. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:63. [PMID: 34666830 PMCID: PMC8527788 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver plays an important role in production and metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy), which has been reported to be involved in liver injury. In our previous work, we confirm that Hcy can induce liver injury by activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Results In present study, we established the Hcy-induced liver injury model by feeding cbs+/− mice with high methionine diet, and found that a considerable mass of disordered arrangement of hepatocytes and enlarged space between hepatocytes were frequently occurred in the liver of cbs+/− mice, accompanied with elevated expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, Hcy could activate ER stress both in cbs+/− mice and hepatocytes. Mechanistically, Hcy promoted the expression levels of proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 10 (PSMD10) in hepatocytes; and the expression of ER stress indicators and apoptosis-associated proteins were significantly suppressed when PSMD10 was silenced in hepatocytes under Hcy treatment. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that PSMD10 was a target gene of miR-212-5p. Consistently, miR-212-5p overexpression could inhibit ER stress-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes under Hcy treatment. With the help of co-immunoprecipitation assay, we identified that the interaction between PSMD10 and GRP78 accelerated ER stress-mediated hepatic apoptosis induced by Hcy. Conclusions Our findings indicate that miR-212-5p directly targets PSMD10 and subsequently activates ER stress to promote Hcy-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes. We propose that endogenous PSMD10 physically interacts with GRP78 to regulate ER stress. Our study may provide the therapeutic target for the liver injury induced by Hcy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00455-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Luoyang Central Blood Bank, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yideng Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Luoyang Central Blood Bank, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Sheng Li Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui, People's Republic of China.
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Rodriguez FD. Targeting Epigenetic Mechanisms to Treat Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3252-3272. [PMID: 33535943 PMCID: PMC8778698 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210203142539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of abusive alcohol consumption on human health is remarkable. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 3.3 million people die annually because of harmful alcohol consumption (the figure represents around 5.9% of global deaths). Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic disease where individuals exhibit compulsive alcohol drinking and present negative emotional states when they do not drink. In the most severe manifestations of AUD, the individuals lose control over intake despite a decided will to stop drinking. Given the multiple faces and the specific forms of this disease, the term AUD often appears in the plural (AUDs). Since only a few approved pharmacological treatments are available to treat AUD and they do not apply to all individuals or AUD forms, the search for compounds that may help to eliminate the burden of the disease and complement other therapeutical approaches is necessary. METHODS This work reviews recent research focused on the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of AUD. Excessive drinking leads to chronic and compulsive consumption that eventually damages the organism. The central nervous system is a key target and is the focus of this study. The search for the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind the intricated dysregulation induced by ethanol will aid researchers in establishing new therapy approaches. CONCLUSION Recent findings in the field of epigenetics are essential and offer new windows for observation and research. The study of small molecules that inhibit key epienzymes involved in nucleosome architecture dynamics is necessary in order to prove their action and specificity in the laboratory and to test their effectivity and safety in clinical trials with selected patients bearing defined alterations caused by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. David Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca and Group GIR BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Tseng FC, Huang TC. Using data mining technology to explore homocysteine at low levels. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26893. [PMID: 34414944 PMCID: PMC8376364 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A high homocysteine level is known to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, whether or not low homocysteine level contributes to any damage to the body has not been extensively studied. Furthermore, acquiring healthy subject databases from domestic studies on homocysteine is not trivial. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the causality between serum homocysteine levels and health status and lifestyle factors, particularly with a focus on low serum homocysteine levels. Additionally, we discussed a systematic methodical platform for data collection and statistical analysis, using the descriptive analysis of the chi-square test, t test, multivariate analysis of variance, and logistic regression.This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 5864 subjects (i.e., clients of a health examination clinic) in Taipei, Taiwan during a general health check-up in 2017. The patients' personal information and associated links were excluded. A sample group was selected as per the health criteria defined for this research whose data were processed using SPSS for descriptive statistical analysis using chi-square test, t test, multivariate analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis.Those working for >12 hours/day had a higher homocysteine level than those working for <12 hours/day (P < .001). The average serum homocysteine level was 7.9 and 8.6 mol/L for people with poor sleep quality and good sleep quality, respectively (P = .003). The homocysteine value of people known to have cancer was analyzed using the logistic regression analysis, revealing a Δodds value of 0.898. The percentage of subjects with a homocysteine value of ≤6.3 μmol/L, who perceived their health status as "not very good" or "very bad," was higher than those with a higher homocysteine level. The number of subjects who perceived their health as poor was higher than expected.The results suggest that the homocysteine level could be an effective health management indicator. We conclude that normal homocysteine level should not be ≤6.3 μmol/L. Moreover, homocysteine should not be considered as harmful and its fluctuations from the normal range could be utilized to infer a person's physical status for health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ching Tseng
- The Lianan Wellness Center of the Lianan Preventative Medicine Institution, Songshan District, Taipei City
| | - Tin-Chung Huang
- Ching-Kuo Institute of Management and Health – Graduate School of Health Industry, Zhongshan District, Keelung City, Taiwan
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16
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Tawfik A, Elsherbiny NM, Zaidi Y, Rajpurohit P. Homocysteine and Age-Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126259. [PMID: 34200792 PMCID: PMC8230490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is remarkably common among the aging population. The relation between HHcy and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and eye diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly people, has been established. Disruption of the blood barrier function of the brain and retina is one of the most important underlying mechanisms associated with HHcy-induced neurodegenerative and retinal disorders. Impairment of the barrier function triggers inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology. Studies have shown that AD patients also suffer from visual impairments. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina has been suggested as a prominent site of AD pathology. This review highlights inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism of HHcy-induced barrier dysfunction and neurovascular injury in aging diseases accompanied by HHcy, focusing on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Eye Research Institue, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2582; Fax: +1-706-721-9415
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yusra Zaidi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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18
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Drăgoi AM, Voicu T, Chipeşiu AM, Costea RV. Morphopathological approaches in alcoholism. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:345-351. [PMID: 33544786 PMCID: PMC7864312 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol morphopathology has been studied over time, being a central interest of specialists, due to the negative consequences it has on the brain and the entire central nervous system (CNS). This paper is a review of the literature that emphasizes one of the problems of the modern world, that of the compulsive consume of alcohol, having a great global spread. The studies analyzed are topical, being carried out in recent years and consider the harmful effects of alcohol on brain formations, such as corpus callosum, gray and white matter, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. At the same time, alcohol is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and in combination with other harmful substances, increases the risk of various diseases, such as neurodegeneration. Abusive alcohol consumption can bring epigenetic changes and alter the typical functioning of cognitive functions. This paper focuses on alcohol consumption on adolescents and young people, which is a serious problem nowadays. Alcohol also influences the way of behavioral expression, becoming a risk for the development of mental disorders. However, alcohol withdrawal is another problem with different effects and must be in the attention of specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital for Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania;
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19
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Tchantchou F, Miller C, Goodfellow M, Puche A, Fiskum G. Hypobaria-Induced Oxidative Stress Facilitates Homocysteine Transsulfuration and Promotes Glutathione Oxidation in Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:1179573520988193. [PMID: 33597815 PMCID: PMC7863175 DOI: 10.1177/1179573520988193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: United States service members injured in combat theatre are often aeromedically evacuated within a few days to regional military hospitals. Animal and epidemiological research indicates that early exposure to flight hypobaria may worsen brain and other injuries. The mechanisms by which secondary exposure to hypobaria worsen trauma outcomes are not well elucidated. This study tested the hypothesis that hypobaria-induced oxidative stress and associated changes in homocysteine levels play a role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathological progression caused by hypobaria. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 6 h hypobaria 24 h after mild TBI by the controlled cortical impact. Plasma and brain tissues were assessed for homocysteine levels, oxidative stress markers or glutathione metabolism, and behavioral deficits post-injury in the absence and presence of hypobaria exposure. Results: We found that hypobaria after TBI increased oxidative stress markers, altered homocysteine metabolism, and promoted glutathione oxidation. Increased glutathione metabolism was driven by differential upregulation of glutathione metabolizing genes. These changes correlated with increased anxiety-like behavior. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that hypobaria exposure after TBI increases oxidative stress and alters homocysteine elimination likely through enhanced glutathione metabolism. This pathway may represent a compensatory mechanism to attenuate free radical formation. Thus, hypobaria-induced enhancement of glutathione metabolism represents a potential therapeutic target for TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaubert Tchantchou
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Catriona Miller
- Aeromedical Research, U.S Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson, OH, USA
| | - Molly Goodfellow
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Adam Puche
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Gary Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Amirdelfan K, Pope JE, Gunn J, Hill MM, Cotten BM, Beresh JE, Dobecki D, Miller N, Mehta P, Girardi G, Deer TR. Clinical Validation of a Multi-Biomarker Assay for the Evaluation of Chronic Pain Patients in a Cross-Sectional, Observational Study. Pain Ther 2020; 9:511-529. [PMID: 32495188 PMCID: PMC7648807 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pain assessment and post-treatment evaluation continues to be challenging due to a lack of validated, objective tools to measure patient outcomes. Validation of mechanistic pain biomarkers would allow clinicians to objectively identify abnormal biochemistry contributing to painful symptoms. METHODS We describe the clinical validation of a multi-biomarker assay with algorithmic analysis known as the Foundation Pain Index (FPI) in diverse cohorts of chronic pain patients in a prospective, cross-sectional, observational validation study. Levels of 11 urinary pain biomarkers were measured and tabulated using a proprietary algorithm to generate FPI scores for chronic pain subjects (N = 153) and age- and sex-matched pain-free controls (N = 334). RESULTS FPI scores were significantly correlated with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores among chronic pain subjects (P value < 0.015) and specific components of SF-36, including emotional well-being, limitations due to emotional problems, and general health (P value < 0.05). Area under ROC analysis (AUROC) revealed FPI to accurately distinguish biomarker profiles between pain-free and chronic pain cohorts (AUROC: 0.7490, P value < 0.0001) as well as the SF-36 scores between chronic pain subjects with low vs. high FPI scores (AUROC: 0.7715, P value < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish the validity and discriminatory power of a novel multi-biomarker test that evaluates the role of biochemistry in chronic pain and correlates with clinical assessments of patients. This test provides novel, reproducible, objective data which may pave the way for non-opioid therapeutic strategies to treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason E Pope
- Evolve Restorative Center, 416 Aviation Blvd Ste B, Santa Rosa, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Joshua Gunn
- Ethos Research and Development, LLC, 29 E 6th Street, Newport, KY, 41071, USA.
| | - Melissa M Hill
- Ethos Research and Development, LLC, 29 E 6th Street, Newport, KY, 41071, USA
| | - Bradley M Cotten
- Ethos Research and Development, LLC, 29 E 6th Street, Newport, KY, 41071, USA
| | - John E Beresh
- Beresh Pain Management, Inc, 840 NW Washington Blvd #C, Hamilton, OH, 45013, USA
| | - Douglas Dobecki
- San Diego Pain Institute, 7625 Mesa College Dr Ste 315A, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
| | - Nathan Miller
- Coastal Pain and Spinal Diagnostics, 6221 Metropolitan St, Carlsbad, CA, 92009, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Pain Specialists of Austin, 2500 W William Cannon Dr Ste 206, Austin, TX, 78745, USA
| | - George Girardi
- Front Range Pain Medicine, 3744 S Timberline Rd Ste 102, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Timothy R Deer
- Center for Pain Relief, 400 Court St Ste 100, Charleston, WV, 25301, USA
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21
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Stabler SP. Alterations in Sulfur Amino Acids as Biomarkers of Disease. J Nutr 2020; 150:2532S-2537S. [PMID: 33000156 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is methylated by methionine synthase to form methionine with methyl-cobalamin as a cofactor. The reaction demethylates 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, which is required for DNA and RNA synthesis. Deficiency of either of the cobalamin (Cbl) and/or folate cofactors results in elevated Hcy and megaloblastic anemia. Elevated Hcy is a sensitive biomarker of Cbl and/or folate status and more specific than serum vitamin assays. Elevated Hcy normalizes when the correct vitamin is given. Elevated Hcy is associated with alcohol use disorder and drugs that target folate or Cbl metabolism, and is a risk factor for thrombotic vascular disease. Elevated methionine and cystathionine are associated with liver disease. Elevated Hcy, cystathionine, and cysteine, but not methionine, are common in patients with chronic renal failure. Higher cysteine predicts obesity and future weight gain. Serum S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) is elevated in Cbl deficiency and chronic renal failure. Drugs that require methylation for catabolism may deplete liver S-adenosylmethionine and raise AdoHcy and Hcy. Deficiency of Cbl or folate or perturbations of their metabolism cause major changes in sulfur amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally P Stabler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
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22
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Hyperhomocysteinemia Concurrent with Metabolic Syndrome Is Independently Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Community-Dwelling Adults in an Urban Korean Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186810. [PMID: 32961936 PMCID: PMC7558526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the combined effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and MetS on CKD among community-dwelling adults in an urban area of South Korea. We also identified the combination of HHcy and individual MetS components associated with the maximal risk of CKD. A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 19,311 health examinees between 2 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 was conducted. The participants were divided into four groups—namely, the HHcy−/MetS−, HHcy−/MetS+, HHcy+/MetS−, and HHcy+/MetS+ groups. CKD was defined as a low eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria. The HHcy+/MetS+ group had a higher risk of CKD than the HHcy−/MetS+ group (odds ratio (OR): 1.750, p = 0.002 for males; OR: 3.224, p < 0.001 for females). The HHcy+/MetS+ group had a higher CKD risk than the HHcy+/MetS− group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (OR: 1.070, p = 0.712 for males; OR: 1.847, and p < 0.074 for females). HHcy concurrent with MetS increased the CKD risk. Among the combinations of HHcy and MetS components, the coexistence of HHcy and central obesity had the greatest effect on CKD. Therefore, the timely detection and treatment of HHcy and MetS are important for preventing CKD.
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Shimizu Y, Fujiu K. Homocysteine as a Key Player in Lifestyle Management of Arrhythmia. Int Heart J 2020; 61:631-632. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
- Department of Advanced Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Rossi F, Spigno G, Luzzani G, Bozzoni ME, Donadini G, Rolla J, Bertuzzi T. Effects of the intake of craft or industrial beer on serum homocysteine. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:93-98. [PMID: 32366139 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1760219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Beer is a source of folate, vitamin B6 and B12, molecules involved in the pathways of homocysteine (HCY), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This research evaluated if a consumption of craft or industrial beer could reduce serum HCY. In a randomised cross-over study, 12 men (28.7 ± 6.0 years) and 12 women (29.4 ± 7.5 years), healthy, omnivorous, with normal body mass index, non-smoking and not taking oral supplements or contraceptives, followed a free-living diet and received, daily, for 3 weeks, 330 ml of industrial (4.5% of alcohol) or craft beer (9% of alcohol). Anthropometric measures and blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of each period. The consumption of industrial beer reduced (p < 0.05) HCY (7.35 vs. 6.50 µmol/L) and increased folic acid (3.46 vs. 3.94 ng/mL). Craft beer increased gamma-gluamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (16.6 vs. 18.6 U/L) and reduced vitamin B6 (20.9 vs. 16.9 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Rossi
- Department of animal science, food and nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spigno
- Department for sustainable food processing, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gloria Luzzani
- Department for sustainable food processing, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Donadini
- Department of animal science, food and nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- Department of animal science, food and nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University, Piacenza, Italy
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Wiegmann C, Mick I, Brandl EJ, Heinz A, Gutwinski S. Alcohol and Dementia - What is the Link? A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:87-99. [PMID: 32021202 PMCID: PMC6957093 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s198772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a globally increasing health issue and since no cure is currently available, prevention is crucial. The consumption of alcohol is a controversially discussed risk factor for dementia. While many previously published epidemiological studies reported a risk reduction by light to moderate alcohol consumption, there is no persuasive model of an underlying biochemical mechanism. The purpose of this article is to review current models on alcohol neurotoxicity and dementia and to analyze and compare studies focusing on the epidemiological link between alcohol consumption and the risk of dementia. METHODS The electronic database Pubmed was searched for studies published between 1994 and 2019 concerning the topic. RESULTS Available epidemiological studies are not sufficient to verify a protective effect of alcohol on dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Wiegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Mick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva J Brandl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Gutwinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Akbari A, Nasiri K, Heydari M. Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract can improve the levels of some trace elements and total homocysteine and prevent oxidative damage induced by ethanol in rat eye. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:365-371. [PMID: 32850293 PMCID: PMC7430965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic ethanol consumption cause oxidative stress and ginger improves suchconditions. In this study, the protective effects of ginger were studied on indices of oxidative stress, total homocysteinelevel and the level of the some of the oxidative stress-associated trace elements against toxicity induced by ethanol in rat eye. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups and treated daily for 28 days as follows: group I: control;group II: ginger (1g/kg/day ginger extract by oral gavage); group III: ethanol (4g/kg/day ethanol by oral gavage) and group IV: ginger+ethanol. At the end of the experimental period, eye tissue sera were used for determination of different parameters. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant potential and total phenol content of ginger extract were determined. RESULTS In ethanol group, significant changes in oxidative stress markers and levels of homocysteine and some trace elements, compared to other groups, were observed (p<0.05 for all cases). However,these parameters significantly ameliorated with pretreatment with ginger in ginger+ethanol group (p<0.05 for all cases), and had no significant differencesinthese parameters betweenginger and control group were found. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that ginger extract has protective effects against toxicity induced by ethanol in the eye of male rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel:+989187610484, Fax:+9871322866940,
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jelodar G, Mohammadi M, Akbari A, Nazifi S. Cyclohexane extract of walnut leaves improves indices of oxidative stress, total homocysteine and lipids profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14348. [PMID: 31960621 PMCID: PMC6971412 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two doses of cyclohexane extract of walnut leaves on total homocysteine, lipids profiles, and indices of oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg BW). Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, group I: control (received sesame oil as vehicle), group II: diabetic control (received sesame oil), group III and IV: diabetic rats treated by 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day extract of walnut leaves, respectively. All groups were treated for 28 days via oral gavage. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and body weight measured before injection, 3 days after injection, and on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of treatment. At the end the 28th day of the experiment, blood samples collected via heart puncture and the sera were used for estimation of the above-mentioned parameters. The results showed a decrease in FBS, TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, homocysteine, and MDA level and increase in the level of HDL-c in diabetics treated by walnut leave extracts in a dose-dependent manner after 28 days. The activity of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in treated groups compared with diabetic control. It can be concluded that cyclohexane extract of walnut leaves has an overall beneficial effect on body weight, fasting blood glucose, lipids profile, antioxidant enzyme activities, and homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamali Jelodar
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical StudiesSchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Docea AO, Shestakova SI, Sidorova YS, Petrov NA, Zlatian O, Mach M, Hartung T, Tutelyan VA. The effect of chronic vitamin deficiency and long term very low dose exposure to 6 pesticides mixture on neurological outcomes – A real-life risk simulation approach. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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George AK, Majumder A, Ice H, Homme RP, Eyob W, Tyagi SC, Singh M. Genes and genetics in hyperhomocysteinemia and the "1-carbon metabolism": implications for retinal structure and eye functions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:51-60. [PMID: 31369712 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy), a sulfur-containing nonproteinogenic amino acid, is generated as a metabolic intermediate. Hcy constitutes an important part of the "1-carbon metabolism" during methionine turnover. Elevated levels of Hcy known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) results from vitamin B deficiency, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, high-fat and methionine-rich diet, and the underlying genetic defects. These factors directly affect the "1-carbon metabolism (methionine-Hcy-folate)" of a given cell. In fact, the Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake, vitamin status, and the genetic blueprint of the susceptible individual. Although Hcy performs an important role in cellular functions, genetic alterations in any of the key enzymes responsible for the "1-carbon metabolism" could potentially upset the metabolic cycle, thus causing HHcy environment in susceptible people. As such, HHcy relates to several clinical conditions like atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, cognitive impairment, dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and ocular disorders, among others. This article summarizes the findings from our laboratory and public database regarding genetics of HHcy and its effects on ocular disorders, their respective management during dysregulation of the 1-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Hayley Ice
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Wintana Eyob
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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31
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Liang H, Xie X, Song X, Huang M, Su T, Chang X, Liang B, Huang D. Orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 suppresses hyperhomocysteinemia-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1061-1071. [PMID: 30973961 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). orphan nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the potential role of NR4A1 in Hcy-associated NAFLD remains elusive. We aimed to elucidate the regulation of NR4A1 and its significance in Hcy-induced NAFLD. Hcy induced steatosis and elevated the expression of CD36 and FATP2 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, Hcy enhanced p300 and decreased HDAC7 recruitment to the NR4A1 promoter, resulting in histone H3K27 hyperacetylation and NR4A1 upregulation. Moreover, NR4A1 depletion not only mimicked but also exaggerated the effects of Hcy on steatosis, whereas NR4A1 agonist Cytosporone B (CsnB) blocked Hcy-induced steatosis. In hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) mice, CsnB attenuated HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis. Thus, Hcy transiently and rapidly induces NR4A1 expression to reduce Hcy-induced steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Liang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Xina Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
- Health Science Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China
| | - Xuhong Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Meihui Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
- Department of Pathology and Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Xiaolan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, China
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:144-164. [PMID: 30391754 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous theories of aging, a process which still seems inevitable. Aging leads to cancer and multi-systemic disorders as well as chronic diseases. Decline in age- associated cellular functions leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline that affect the quality of life. Accumulation of damage, mutations, metabolic changes, failure in cellular energy production and clearance of altered proteins over the lifetime, and hyperhomocysteinemia, ultimately result in tissue degeneration. The decline in renal functions, nutritional deficiencies, deregulation of methionine cycle and deficiencies of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration cofactors cause elevation of homocysteine with advancing age. Abnormal accumulation of homocysteine is a risk factor of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, approximately 50% of people, aged 65 years and older develop hypertension and are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular insufficiency and incurable neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests inverse relation between cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and renal function. Oxidative stress, inactivation of nitric oxide synthase pathway and mitochondria dysfunction associated with impaired homocysteine metabolism lead to aging tissue degeneration. In this review, we examine impact of high homocysteine levels on changes observed with aging that contribute to development and progression of age associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Shittu AO, Adewoye AO, Olawumi HO. Serum cobalamin and red cell folate levels of anti-psychotic treatment and treatment naïve psychiatic patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- AO. Shittu
- Department of Haematology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - AO. Adewoye
- Department of Haematology, General Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - HO. Olawumi
- Department of Haematology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
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34
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Murín R, Abdalla M, Murínová N, Hatok J, Dobrota D. The metabolism of 5-methylcytosine residues in DNA. Physiol Res 2018. [PMID: 29527909 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental biochemical processes of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) synthesis, maintenance, conversion and removal determine the time and spatial pattern of DNA methylation. This has a strong effect on a plethora of physiological aspects of cellular metabolism. While the presence of 5-mC within the promoter region can silence gene expression, its derivative - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine exerts an opposite effect. Dysregulations in the metabolism of 5-mC lead to an altered DNA methylation pattern which is linked with a disrupted epigenome, and are considered to play a significant part in the etiology of several human diseases. A summary of recent knowledge about the molecular processes participating in DNA methylation pattern shaping is provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murín
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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35
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Vadigepalli R, Hoek JB. Introduction to the Virtual Issue Alcohol and Epigenetic Regulation: Do the Products of Alcohol Metabolism Drive Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression in Alcohol-Related Disorders? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018. [PMID: 29532481 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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36
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Fu Y, Wang X, Kong W. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1173-1189. [PMID: 28836260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), the pathogenic elevation of plasma homocysteine as a result of an imbalance of its metabolism, is an independent risk factor for various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification and aneurysm. Treatments aimed at lowering plasma homocysteine via dietary supplementation with folic acids and vitamin B are more effective in preventing vascular disease where the population has a normally low folate consumption than in areas with higher dietary folate. To date, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. HHcy increases oxidative stress and its downstream signalling pathways, resulting in vascular inflammation. HHcy also causes vascular injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, HHcy up-regulates pathogenic genes and down-regulates protective genes via DNA demethylation and methylation respectively. Homocysteinylation of proteins induced by homocysteine also contributes to vascular injury by modulating intracellular redox state and altering protein function. Furthermore, HHcy-induced vascular injury leads to neuronal damage and disease. Also, an HHcy-activated sympathetic system and HHcy-injured adipose tissue also cause vascular injury, thus demonstrating the interactions between the organs injured by HHcy. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury, which are further considered as potential therapeutic targets in this condition. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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