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Cui J, Zhang J, Sun S, Fan W, Xi H, Xu X, Ji L, Zhang S, Wang D, Zhao W. Rapid and sensitive determination of free fatty acids based on in-source microdroplet-driven derivatization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341717. [PMID: 37709460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive measurements of free fatty acids (FFAs) in biological samples are valuable for diagnosing and prognosing diseases. In this study, an in-source microdroplet derivation strategy combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed to analyze FFAs in lipid extracts of biological samples directly. FFAs were rapidly derivated with 2-picolylamine (PA) in the microdroplet which is derived by electrospray. With the proposed method, twelve typical FFAs were determined reliably with high sensitivity and acceptable linearities (R2 ≥ 0.94). The LODs and LOQs for the twelve FFAs were 9-76 pg mL-1 and 30-253 pg mL-1, respectively. The developed method was applied to analyze the alteration of FFAs in liver and kidney samples of rats induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure. The good results demonstrate that the established analysis technique is dependable and has promising applications in detecting FFAs associated with complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cui
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianxun Zhang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wu Fan
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiujuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dingzhong Wang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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2
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Lin S, Li P, Qin J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Meng N, Jia C, Zhu K, Lv D, Sun L, Shang T, Lin Y, Niu W, Wang T. Exploring the key factors of schizophrenia relapse by integrating LC-MS/ 1H NMR metabolomics and weighted correlation network analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 541:117252. [PMID: 36781041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of comprehending key factors of schizophrenia relapse has impeded its effective treatment, indicating that the mechanism clarification and available intervention of schizophrenia relapse required further amelioration. METHOD Based on the integration of LC-MS and 1H NMR metabolomics, a weighted correlation network was established to screen pivotal factors of accelerating schizophrenia relapse. Then, the cluster most correlated with schizophrenia relapse was explored, and the biological function of cluster was investigated. Next, the key biomarker related to schizophrenia relapse was obtained through multiple algorithms. Moreover, the Lilikoi algorithm and correlation analysis were implemented to reveal the association between key biomarker and schizophrenia relapse. RESULT Results showed that 458 different forms of metabolites were identified for structuring the weighted correlation network. The module-trait correlation indicated that the turquoise module was the most highly correlated with schizophrenia relapse. Further, network analysis revealed that, in turquoise module, cluster 1 composed of 139 metabolites (involved in lipid metabolism and energy metabolism) was the most important subnetwork relevant to schizophrenia relapse. Finally, phenylalanylphenylalanine was recommended as the key biomarker related to schizophrenia relapse. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated that phenylalanylphenylalanine might affect the progression of schizophrenia by intervening in energy metabolism. CONCLUSION In summary, critical factors of schizophrenia relapse have been revealed in our research, expounding the schizophrenia progression more systemically, which could shed some light on improving the intervention of schizophrenia relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Jinglei Qin
- Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Kunjie Zhu
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Dan Lv
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Tinghuizi Shang
- School of Mental Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China
| | - Weipan Niu
- Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, China.
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Guidara W, Messedi M, Naifar M, Maalej M, Khrouf W, Grayaa S, Maalej M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Lamari F, Ayadi F. Plasma oxysterols in drug-free patients with schizophrenia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106123. [PMID: 35550868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical, genetic, and medical studies has shown the neuronal developmental disorder aspect of schizophrenia (SZ). Whereas oxysterols are vital factors in neurodevelopment, it is still unknown whether they are involved in the pathophysiology of SZ. The current study aims to explore the profile of oxysterols in plasma, ratio to total cholesterol (Tchol) and the association with clinical factors in patients with SZ. Forty men diagnosed with SZ and forty healthy controls matched for age and sex were included in the study. The ratios of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and Cholestanol to Tchol increased in the schizophrenic group compared to controls. However, levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) were not significantly different between patients and controls. For the SZ patients, the plasma 24-OHC levels were positively correlated with the positive and negative syndrome total scores (PANSS) but negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (MOCA). Moreover, the ratio Cholestanol to Tchol was negatively correlated with MOCA scores and positively correlated with PANSS general. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the ratio Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol/TChol could be considered as an independent risk factor for SZ. On the other hand, the receiver's operating characteristics analysis corresponding to potential biomarkers on SZ showed Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) of 82.1%; 69.7% and 77.6% for the ratio of Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol/TChol, 27-OHC/TChol and Cholestanol/TChol respectively. The relevance of Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, 27-OHC and Cholestanol assays as biomarkers of this disease deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guidara
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Messedi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Maalej
- Psychiatry C-department, Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Khrouf
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Maalej
- Psychiatry C-department, Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, F-75013 Paris, France; Université de Paris, CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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4
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Perez CSDH, Ciufolini S, Sood PG, Krivoy A, Young AH, Murray RM, Ismail K, Atakan Z, Greenwood K, Smith S, Gaughran F, Juruena MF. Predictive value of cardiometabolic biomarkers and depressive symptoms for symptom severity and quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:95-103. [PMID: 34699852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic disorders show higher rates of the metabolic syndrome (MS) between the cluster of severe mental illnesses. Depressive symptoms can worsen outcomes of individuals with psychotic disorders. However, research on the association between MS and depression in psychotic disorders and their relevance to outcomes is lacking. METHODS We investigated the association between depression and cardiometabolic biomarkers in psychotic disorders and the predictive value of depressive symptoms on psychopathological severity and quality of life (QoL). 406 patients with psychotic disorders were recruited as part of the Improving Physical Health and Reducing Substance Use in Severe Mental Illness randomised controlled trial. Depression, psychotic symptoms, QoL, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure, and fasting glucose of patients were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the effect of treatment. RESULTS More severe baseline symptoms of depression significantly predicted worse 12-month psychotic symptoms and lower mental health related QoL at 12 months. These associations held after controlling for alcohol use, gender, ethnicity, education, and mental health related QoL Baseline. Depressive symptoms also correlated with waist circumference at both baseline and 12 months, after controlling for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Individuals with psychotic disorders experiencing more severe depressive symptoms are more likely to have larger waist circumference contemporaneously and 12 months later, as well as more severe psychotic symptoms and worse QoL at follow-up. This highlights the need for evaluation of strategies to address depression in the management of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amir Krivoy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine, Dept of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zerrin Atakan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings' College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Greenwood
- Clinical Research Fellow, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, and Hon Senior Research Fellow, School of Psychology, University of Sussex
| | - Shubulade Smith
- Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- Lead Consultant Psychiatrist, National Psychosis Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario F Juruena
- Lead Consultant Psychiatrist, Maudsley Advanced Treatment Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Clinical Senior Lecturer in Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Shared Biological Pathways between Antipsychotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Key Feature for Schizophrenia Preventive Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136881. [PMID: 34206945 PMCID: PMC8269187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia typically emerges during adolescence, with progression from an ultra-high risk state (UHR) to the first episode of psychosis (FEP) followed by a chronic phase. The detailed pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the factors leading to progression across these stages remain relatively unknown. The current treatment relies on antipsychotics, which are effective for FEP and chronic schizophrenia but ineffective for UHR patients. Antipsychotics modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane lipids pathways. Many of these biological pathways intercommunicate and play a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. In this context, research of preventive treatment in early stages has explored the antipsychotic effects of omega-3 supplementation in UHR and FEP patients. This review summarizes the action of omega-3 in various biological systems involved in schizophrenia. Similar to antipsychotics, omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, improves myelination, modifies the properties of cell membranes, and influences dopamine and glutamate pathways. Omega-3 supplementation also modulates one-carbon metabolism, the endocannabinoid system, and appears to present neuroprotective properties. Omega-3 has little side effects compared to antipsychotics and may be safely prescribed for UHR patients and as an add-on for FEP patients. This could to lead to more efficacious individualised treatments, thus contributing to precision medicine in psychiatry.
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Hylén U, McGlinchey A, Orešič M, Bejerot S, Humble MB, Särndahl E, Hyötyläinen T, Eklund D. Potential Transdiagnostic Lipid Mediators of Inflammatory Activity in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:778325. [PMID: 34899431 PMCID: PMC8661474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.778325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are heterogeneous and psychiatric comorbidities are common. Previous studies have suggested a link between inflammation and mental disorders. This link can manifest as increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in circulation and as signs of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders have increased risk of developing metabolic comorbidities. Our group has previously shown that, in a cohort of low-functioning individuals with serious mental disorders, there is increased expression of genes associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome, a known sensor of metabolic perturbations, as well as increased levels of IL-1-family cytokines. In the current study, we set out to explore the interplay between disease-specific changes in lipid metabolism and known markers of inflammation. To this end, we performed mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from low-functioning individuals with serious mental disorders (n = 39) and matched healthy controls (n = 39). By identifying non-spurious immune-lipid associations, we derived a partial correlation network of inflammatory markers and molecular lipids. We identified levels of lipids as being altered between individuals with serious mental disorders and controls, showing associations between lipids and inflammatory mediators, e.g., osteopontin and IL-1 receptor antagonist. These results indicate that, in low-functioning individuals with serious mental disorders, changes in specific lipids associate with immune mediators that are known to affect neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Hylén
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Aidan McGlinchey
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bejerot
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats B Humble
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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7
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Sun Z, Zhao L, Bo Q, Mao Z, He Y, Jiang T, Li Y, Wang C, Li R. Brain-Specific Oxysterols and Risk of Schizophrenia in Clinical High-Risk Subjects and Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711734. [PMID: 34408685 PMCID: PMC8367079 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from clinical, genetic, and epidemiologic studies suggest that schizophrenia might be a neuronal development disorder. While oxysterols are important factors in neurodevelopment, it is unknown whether oxysterols might be involved in development of schizophrenia. The present study investigated the relationship between tissue-specifically originated oxysterols and risk of schizophrenia. A total of 216 individuals were recruited in this study, including 76 schizophrenia patients, 39 clinical high-risk (CHR) subjects, and 101 healthy controls (HC). We investigated the circulating levels of brain-specific oxysterol 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) and peripheral oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) in all participants and analyzed the potential links between the oxysterols and specific clinical symptoms in schizophrenic patients and CHR. Our data showed an elevation of 24OHC in both schizophrenia patients and CHR than that in HC, while a lower level of 27OHC in the schizophrenia group only. The ratio of 24OHC to 27OHC was only increased in the schizophrenic group compared with CHR and HC. For the schizophrenic patients, the circulating 24OHC levels are significantly associated with disease duration, positively correlated with the positive and negative syndrome total scores, while the 27OHC levels were inversely correlated with the positive symptom scores. Together, our data demonstrated the disruption of tissue-specifically originated cholesterol metabolism in schizophrenia and CHR, suggesting the circulating 24OHC or 24OHC/27OHC ratio might not only be a potential indicator for risk for schizophrenia but also be biomarkers for functional abnormalities in neuropathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qijing Bo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rena Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Candidate metabolic biomarkers for schizophrenia in CNS and periphery: Do any possible associations exist? Schizophr Res 2020; 226:95-110. [PMID: 30935700 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of analytical techniques and the complicity of schizophrenia, nowadays it is still a challenge to diagnose and stratify schizophrenia patients accurately. Many attempts have been made to identify and validate available biomarkers for schizophrenia from CSF and/or peripheral blood in clinical studies with consideration to disease stages, antipsychotic effects and even gender differences. However, conflicting results handicap the validation and application of biomarkers for schizophrenia. In view of availability and feasibility, peripheral biomarkers have superior advantages over biomarkers in CNS. Meanwhile, schizophrenia is considered to be a devastating neuropsychiatric disease mainly taking place in CNS featured by widespread defects in multiple metabolic pathways whose dynamic interactions, until recently, have been difficult to difficult to investigate. Evidence for these alterations has been collected piecemeal, limiting the potential to inform our understanding of the interactions among relevant biochemical pathways. Taken these points together, it will be interesting to investigate possible associations of biomarkers between CNS and periphery. Numerous studies have suggested putative correlations within peripheral and CNS systems especially for dopaminergic and glutamatergic metabolic biomarkers. In addition, it has been demonstrated that blood concentrations of BDNF protein can also reflect its changes in the nervous system. In turn, BDNF also interacts with glutamatergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. Therefore, this review will summarize metabolic biomarkers identified both in the CNS (brain tissues and CSF) and peripheral blood. Further, more attentions will be paid to discussing possible physical and functional associations between CNS and periphery, especially with respect to BDNF.
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9
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Maas DA, Martens MB, Priovoulos N, Zuure WA, Homberg JR, Nait-Oumesmar B, Martens GJM. Key role for lipids in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:399. [PMID: 33184259 PMCID: PMC7665187 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder with a convoluted etiology that includes cognitive symptoms, which arise from among others a dysfunctional dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). In our search for the molecular underpinnings of the cognitive deficits in SZ, we here performed RNA sequencing of gray matter from the dlPFC of SZ patients and controls. We found that the differentially expressed RNAs were enriched for mRNAs involved in the Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor (LXR/RXR) lipid metabolism pathway. Components of the LXR/RXR pathway were upregulated in gray matter but not in white matter of SZ dlPFC. Intriguingly, an analysis for shared genetic etiology, using two SZ genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and GWAS data for 514 metabolites, revealed genetic overlap between SZ and acylcarnitines, VLDL lipids, and fatty acid metabolites, which are all linked to the LXR/RXR signaling pathway. Furthermore, analysis of structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in combination with cognitive behavioral data showed that the lipid content of dlPFC gray matter is lower in SZ patients than in controls and correlates with a tendency towards reduced accuracy in the dlPFC-dependent task-switching test. We conclude that aberrations in LXR/RXR-regulated lipid metabolism lead to a decreased lipid content in SZ dlPFC that correlates with reduced cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien A. Maas
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Faculty of Science, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France ,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn B. Martens
- NeuroDrug Research Ltd, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikos Priovoulos
- grid.458380.20000 0004 0368 8664Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Meibergdreef 75, Amsterdam-Zuidoost, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wieteke A. Zuure
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Faculty of Science, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Nait-Oumesmar
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gerard J. M. Martens
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Faculty of Science, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,NeuroDrug Research Ltd, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Emsley R, Asmal L, Rubio JM, Correll CU, Kane JM. Predictors of psychosis breakthrough during 24 months of long-acting antipsychotic maintenance treatment in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 225:55-62. [PMID: 31767510 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients develop breakthrough psychotic symptoms on antipsychotic maintenance medication (BAMM), despite receiving therapeutic antipsychotic doses to which they previously responded. METHODS We examined the occurrence of BAMM in previously minimally treated first-episode patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who were treated according to a standard protocol with a long-acting injectable antipsychotic and regularly assessed over 24 months. RESULTS Of 99 patients (age = 24.1 ± 6.5 years, male = 73.7%) who received treatment for ≥6 months (mean follow-up = 20.0 ± 6.5 months) and had responded well to treatment, 21 (21.2%) developed BAMM using operationally defined criteria, after a mean of 17.4 ± 6.1 months. Baseline risk factors for BAMM included lower baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive symptoms, poorer quality of life in social relationships and higher blood - high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Regarding intra-treatment-factors, BAMM was independently predicted by an increase in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and current cannabis use. We did not find a relationship between BAMM and cumulative antipsychotic exposure or dose escalation. While symptoms of the BAMM episode were less severe than during the first episode, the post-BAMM treatment response was poorer than that for the first psychotic episode, suggesting a relationship between BAMM and emergent treatment refractoriness. CONCLUSIONS About one in five patients with first-episode schizophrenia developed BAMM during the first two years of treatment, despite assured antipsychotic LAI treatment, indicating that this phenomenon is not restricted to the chronic stages of illness. The role of cannabis use and a possible link between BAMM and blood lipids should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Laila Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jose M Rubio
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - John M Kane
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA
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11
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Lin D, Chen J, Duan K, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Sui J, Calhoun V, Liu J. Network modules linking expression and methylation in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia. Epigenetics 2020; 16:876-893. [PMID: 33079616 PMCID: PMC8331039 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1827718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous work has demonstrated the critical roles of genetics, epigenetics as well as their interplay in brain transcriptional regulations in the pathology of schizophrenia (SZ). There is great success currently in the dissection of the genetic components underlying risk-conferring transcriptomic networks. However, the study of regulating effect of epigenetics in the etiopathogenesis of SZ still faces many challenges. In this work, we investigated DNA methylation and gene expression from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) region of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using weighted correlation network approach. We identified and replicated two expression and two methylation modules significantly associated with SZ. Among them, one pair of expression and methylation modules were significantly overlapped in the module genes which were significantly enriched in astrocyte-associated functional pathways, and specifically expressed in astrocytes. Another two linked expression-methylation module pairs were involved ageing process with module genes mostly related to oligodendrocyte development and myelination, and specifically expressed in oligodendrocytes. Further examination of underlying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) showed significant enrichment in genetic risk of most psychiatric disorders for expression QTLs but not for methylation QTLs. These results support the coherence between methylation and gene expression at the network level, and suggest a combinatorial effect of genetics and epigenetics in regulating gene expression networks specific to glia cells in relation to SZ and ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, USA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
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12
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Hsu MC, Huang YS, Ouyang WC. Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:159. [PMID: 32620164 PMCID: PMC7333328 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a serious long-term psychotic disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms, severe behavioral problems and cognitive function deficits. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but is suggested to be multifactorial, involving both inherited and environmental factors. Since human brain regulates all behaviour, studies have focused on identifying changes in neurobiology and biochemistry of brain in schizophrenia. Brain is the most lipid rich organ (approximately 50% of brain dry weight). Total brain lipids is constituted of more than 60% of phospholipids, in which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the most abundant (more than 40%) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in brain membrane phospholipids. Results from numerous studies have shown significant decreases of PUFAs, in particular, DHA in peripheral blood (plasma and erythrocyte membranes) as well as brain of schizophrenia patients at different developmental phases of the disorder. PUFA deficiency has been associated to psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. These findings have led to a number of clinical trials examining whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could improve the course of illness in patients with schizophrenia. Results are inconsistent. Some report beneficial whereas others show not effective. The discrepancy can be attributed to the heterogeneity of patient population. METHODS In this review, results from recent experimental and clinical studies, which focus on illustrating the role of PUFAs in the development of schizophrenia were examined. The rationale why omega-3 supplementation was beneficial on symptoms (presented by subscales of the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and cognitive functions in certain patients but not others was reviewed. The potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects were discussed. RESULTS Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced the conversion rate to psychosis and improved both positive and negative symptoms and global functions in adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could also improve negative symptoms and global functions in the first-episode patients with schizophrenia, but improve mainly total or general PANSS subscales in chronic patients. Patients with low PUFA (particularly DHA) baseline in blood were more responsive to the omega-3 fatty acid intervention. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation is more effective in reducing psychotic symptom severity in young adults or adolescents in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia who have low omega-3 baseline. Omega-3 supplementation was more effective in patients with low PUFA baseline. It suggests that patients with predefined lipid levels might benefit from lipid treatments, but more controlled clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Huang
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.539, Yuzhong Rd., Rende Dist., Tainan City, 71742 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, No.452, Huanqiu Rd. Luzhu Dist, Kaohsiung, 82144 Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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13
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A five-year follow-up study of antioxidants, oxidative stress and polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2019; 31:202-212. [PMID: 31178002 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress and dysregulated antioxidant defence may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated changes in antioxidants and oxidative stress from an acute to a later stable phase. We hypothesised that the levels of oxidative markers are increased in schizophrenia compared with healthy controls; change from the acute to the stable phase; and are associated with the levels of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and symptom severity. METHODS Fifty-five patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, assessed during an acute phase and 5 years later during a stable phase, and 51 healthy controls were included. We measured antioxidants (α-tocopherol, uric acid, albumin and bilirubin), markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane and reactive oxygen metabolites) and membrane fatty acids. Antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were compared in schizophrenia versus healthy controls, adjusting for differences in sex, age and smoking, and changes over time. Associations between symptoms and PUFA were also investigated. RESULTS In the acute phase, α-tocopherol was significantly higher (p < 0.001), while albumin was lower (p < 0.001) compared with the stable phase. Changes in α-tocopherol were associated with PUFA levels in the acute phase. In the stable phase, schizophrenia patients had higher uric acid (p = 0.009) and lower bilirubin (p = 0.046) than healthy controls. CRP was higher in patients in the stable phase (p < 0.001), and there was no significant change from the acute phase. CONCLUSION The present findings of change in antioxidant levels in the acute versus stable phase of schizophrenia the present findings suggest that redox regulation is dynamic and changes during different phases of the disorder.
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14
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Rødevand L, Steen NE, Elvsåshagen T, Quintana DS, Reponen EJ, Mørch RH, Lunding SH, Vedal TSJ, Dieset I, Melle I, Lagerberg TV, Andreassen OA. Cardiovascular risk remains high in schizophrenia with modest improvements in bipolar disorder during past decade. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:348-360. [PMID: 30697685 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While CVD risk has decreased in the general population during the last decade, the situation in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is unknown. METHODS We compared CVD risk factors in patients with SCZ and BD recruited from 2002-2005 (2005 sample, N = 270) with patients recruited from 2006-2017 (2017 sample, N = 1011) from the same catchment area in Norway. The 2017 sample was also compared with healthy controls (N = 922) and the general population (N range = 1285-4587, Statistics Norway) from the same area and period. RESULTS Patients with SCZ and BD in the 2017 sample had significantly higher level of most CVD risk factors compared to healthy controls and the general population. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CVD risk factors in SCZ between the 2005 and 2017 samples except a small increase in glucose in the 2017 sample. There were small-to-moderate reductions in hypertension, obesity, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the BD 2017 sample compared to the 2005 sample. CONCLUSION Despite major advances in health promotion during the past decade, there has been no reduction in the level of CVD risk factors in patients with SCZ and modest improvement in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rødevand
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - N E Steen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D S Quintana
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E J Reponen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R H Mørch
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S H Lunding
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T S J Vedal
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Dieset
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T V Lagerberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Luckhoff H, Phahladira L, Scheffler F, Asmal L, du Plessis S, Chiliza B, Kilian S, Emsley R. Weight gain and metabolic change as predictors of symptom improvement in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients treated over 12 months. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:171-176. [PMID: 30503765 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-emergent weight gain is associated with antipsychotic efficacy in schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine and olanzapine. However, few studies have investigated this relationship in first-episode patients treated with other antipsychotics, in particular those with a lower obesogenic potential. Aim To investigate the relationships between weight gain and associated metabolic changes with psychopathology improvement in relation to age, sex, ethnicity, substance use, treatment duration and antipsychotic dose in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients. METHODS This single site cohort study included 106 minimally treated or antipsychotic-naive patients treated with flupenthixol decanoate over 12 months. Psychopathology was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and BMI, fasting blood lipids and glucose were assessed at regular intervals. Linear regression models were constructed to determine the effects of socio-demographic, clinical and metabolic factors as predictors of change in total PANSS score and factor-derived domains. RESULTS BMI change scores were inversely correlated with change in PANSS total (R = -0.25; p = 0.011), positive (R = -0.23; p = 0.019), depressive anxiety (R = -0.21; p = 0.031) and disorganized symptoms (R = -0.32; p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that increased BMI and treatment duration both predicted improvement in global psychopathology and disorganized symptoms independent of age, sex, ethnicity, substance use, co-medication with antidepressants and/or anticholinergics, as well as the dose and duration of antipsychotic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the relationship between treatment-emergent weight gain and psychopathology improvement is not limited to patients treated with antipsychotics most associated with weight gain, and is not confounded by treatment duration and dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - L Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - F Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - S du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - B Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - S Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - R Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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16
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Khalid A, Siddiqui AJ, Huang JH, Shamsi T, Musharraf SG. Alteration of Serum Free Fatty Acids are Indicators for Progression of Pre-leukaemia Diseases to Leukaemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14883. [PMID: 30291286 PMCID: PMC6173776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Leukaemia (AL) is a neoplasm of WBCs (white blood cells). Being an important class of metabolites, alteration in free fatty acids (FFAs) levels play a key role in cancer development and progression. As they involve in cell signaling, maintain membrane integrity, regulate homeostasis and effect cell and tissue functions. Considering this fact, a comprehensive analysis of FFAs was conducted to monitor their alteration in AL, pre-leukaemic diseases and healthy control. Fifteen FFAs were analyzed in 179 serum samples of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (APA), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and healthy control using gas chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (GC-MRM-MS). A multivariate statistical method of random forest (RF) was employed for chemometric analysis. Serum level of two FFAs including C18:0 and C14:0 were found discriminative among all five groups, and between ALL and AML, respectively. Moreover, C14:0 was identified as differentiated FFAs for systematic progression of pre-leukaemic conditions towards AML. C16:0 came as discriminated FFAs between APA and MDS/AML. Over all it was identified that FFAs profile not only become altered in leukaemia but also in pre-leukaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khalid
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tahir Shamsi
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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17
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Davison J, O'Gorman A, Brennan L, Cotter DR. A systematic review of metabolite biomarkers of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:32-50. [PMID: 28947341 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current diagnosis of schizophrenia relies exclusively on the potentially subjective interpretation of clinical symptoms and social functioning as more objective biological measurement and medical diagnostic tests are not presently available. The use of metabolomics in the discovery of disease biomarkers has grown in recent years. Metabolomic methods could aid in the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers of schizophrenia. This systematic review focuses on biofluid metabolites associated with schizophrenia. A systematic search of Web of Science and Ovid Medline databases was conducted and 63 studies investigating metabolite biomarkers of schizophrenia were included. A review of these studies revealed several potential metabolite signatures of schizophrenia including reduced levels of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPUFAs), vitamin E and creatinine; and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation metabolites and glutamate. Further research is needed to validate these biomarkers and would benefit from large cohort studies and more homogeneous and well-defined subject groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Davison
- RCSI Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Institute of Food & Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aoife O'Gorman
- RCSI Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Institute of Food & Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food & Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- RCSI Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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18
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Iqbal A, Siddiqui AJ, Huang JH, Ansari SH, Musharraf SG. Impact of hydroxyurea therapy on serum fatty acids of β-thalassemia patients. Metabolomics 2018; 14:27. [PMID: 30830370 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Fatty acids (FAs) influence cell and tissue metabolism, function, responsiveness to hormonal and other signals in addition to maintenance of membrane integrity of cells. β-Thalassemia is a prevalent inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal red cell membrane structure and function. Induction of HbF by hydroxyurea (HU) is an enduring therapeutic intervention to manage this. Therefore, in the present study we have carried out the quantification of thirteen free fatty acids to disclose the prognosis of HU in β-thalassemia. METHODS FAs quantification was carried out using GC-MRM-MS method in the serum of 98 cases of β-thalassemia patients and out of which samples from 34 patients were collected before and after treatment with HU in addition to healthy controls (n = 31). RESULTS Using the combination of random forest (RF) with GC-MRM-MS we were able to establish a classification and prediction model that can discriminate the β-thalassemia from healthy as well as from HU treated group. Docosanoic acid (C-22:0) was most significantly altered in β-thalassemia as compared to healthy at p-value of 8.3 × 10-09 while erucic acid (C-22:1 Δcis-13) can be used as potential marker of HU prognosis because its level became significantly dissimilar at p-value of 3.7 × 10-04 in same patients in response to HU. However, nervonic acid (C-24:1 Δcis-15) was found to be the key player in effectively separating three groups. CONCLUSION In inference, we have noticed that HU therapy also rectifies the serum fatty acid profile in addition to its reported affect i.e. HbF induction in β-thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Iqbal
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Saqib Hussain Ansari
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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19
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Lipid profile disturbances in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode non-affective psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2017; 190:18-27. [PMID: 28325572 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is one of the most prevalent metabolic disturbances observed in schizophrenia patients and has been largely attributed to the effects of poor lifestyle habits and adverse effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, less is known whether patients with first-episode non-affective psychosis (FENP) present subthreshold indices of dyslipidaemia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether subclinical lipid profile alterations occur already in antipsychotic-naïve FENP patients. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis we adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, ERIC and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition from database inception to Dec 12, 2016, for case-control studies measuring the levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) and triglycerides in patients with FENP and controls. W calculated effect size (ES) estimates as Hedges' g and pooled data using random- or fixed-effects models depending on heterogeneity. Our study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42016051732). RESULTS Out of 2466 records identified, 19 studies representing 1803 participants were finally included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that FENP patients had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol [ES=-0.16 (95% CI: -0.27, -0.06), p=0.003], LDL [ES=-0.13 (95% CI: -0.24, -0.01), p=0.034] and HDL [ES=-0.27 (95% CI: -0.49, -0.05), p=0.018] as well as significantly higher levels of triglycerides [ES=0.22 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.32), p<0.001] compared to controls. After removing single studies in sensitivity analysis, ES estimate for LDL levels was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Antipsychotic-naïve patients with FENP present subclinical dyslipidaemia. Future studies should disentangle whether our findings reflect disease-specific mechanisms.
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Jiang R, Jiao Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Twin Derivatization Strategy for High-Coverage Quantification of Free Fatty Acids by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12223-12230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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de Toro-Martín J, Guénard F, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. A common variant in ARHGEF10 alters delta-6 desaturase activity and influence susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 12:311-320.e3. [PMID: 29246731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fatty acid desaturase activities have been previously identified within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster, which encodes delta-5 (D5D) and delta-6 (D6D) desaturases, respectively. OBJECTIVE We aimed at further characterizing the genetic variability associated with D5D and D6D activities on a genome-wide scale. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study of D5D and D6D activities in a cohort of 141 individuals from the greater Quebec City metropolitan area using the Illumina HumanOmni5-Quad BeadChip. Estimates of D5D and D6D activities were computed using product-to-precursor fatty acid ratios, arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) for D5D, and DGLA/linoleic acid (LA) for D6D. Levels of fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in plasma phospholipids. RESULTS We identified 24 previously reported SNPs associated with fatty acid levels and desaturase activities as significantly associated with D5D activity within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster (lead SNP rs174566/A>G). Furthermore, we identified 5 novel loci potentially associated with D5D activity at chromosomes 1, 6, 4, 8 and 19. A novel SNP associated with D6D activity and mapped to the ARHGEF10 locus (rs2280885/A>G) was identified, with carriers of the rare allele showing a significant increase in D6D activity and plasma triglyceride levels. After multiple testing correction by permutation, only rs174566 and rs2280885 remained significantly associated to D5D and D6D activity estimates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm previous genetic associations within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster with D5D activity. A novel genetic variation associated with higher D6D activity within the ARHGEF10 gene is potentially altering plasma triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Toro-Martín
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Endocrinology and Nephrology unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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22
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Yang X, Sun L, Zhao A, Hu X, Qing Y, Jiang J, Yang C, Xu T, Wang P, Liu J, Zhang J, He L, Jia W, Wan C. Serum fatty acid patterns in patients with schizophrenia: a targeted metabonomics study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1176. [PMID: 28742081 PMCID: PMC5538128 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that schizophrenia is linked to abnormal lipid metabolism. Free fatty acids (FFAs) in peripheral blood can reflect the status of lipid metabolism in human body. The purpose of this study was to scan the FFA pattern and elucidate the characteristics of lipid metabolic abnormality in schizophrenia patients. One hundred and ten patients with schizophrenia (SCZs) and 109 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study and divided into a discovery set and a validation set. Forty-seven serum FFAs were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS and 39 of them were absolutely quantified by establishing standard curves. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs) were significantly increased in SCZs compared with HCs. Desaturation from saturated fatty acids to MUFAs and β-oxidation were enhanced, as estimated by the ratios of products to precursors. These results suggest that lipolysis and β-oxidation are upregulated in SCZ, presumably resulting from insufficient brain energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Xu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - P Wang
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - J Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China E-mail:
| | - C Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China,Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China. E-mail:
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23
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Steen VM, Skrede S, Polushina T, López M, Andreassen OA, Fernø J, Hellard SL. Genetic evidence for a role of the SREBP transcription system and lipid biosynthesis in schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:589-598. [PMID: 27492885 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder, with disabling symptoms and markedly reduced life expectancy. The onset is usually in late adolescence or early adulthood, which in time overlaps with the maturation of the brain including the myelination process. Interestingly, there seems to be a link between myelin abnormalities and schizophrenia. The oligodendrocyte-derived myelin membranes in the CNS are highly enriched for lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids and glycosphingolipids), thereby pointing at lipid homeostasis as a relevant target for studying the genetics and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol is regulated by the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors SREBP1 and SREBP2, which are encoded by the SREBF1 and SREBF2 genes on chromosome 17p11.2 and 22q13.2, respectively. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of SREBF1 and SREBF2 as genetic risk factors in schizophrenia and discuss the role of myelination and SREBP-mediated lipid biosynthesis in the etiology, pathophysiology and drug treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Silje Skrede
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tatiana Polushina
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Fernø
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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24
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Omega-3 fatty acids related to cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2017; 9:8-12. [PMID: 28740828 PMCID: PMC5514384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is strongly associated with functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia but its pathophysiology remains largely unclear. Involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in the cognitive function of healthy individuals and patients with neuropsychiatric disease has received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids with cognitive function, social function, and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects included 30 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, and social function were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), respectively. Blood serum omega-3 fatty acids were assessed using gas chromatography. The BACS composite score was significantly correlated with blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. In addition, a daily dose of antipsychotic medication was negatively and significantly correlated with the blood DHA level and with the BACS composite score. Step-wise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the SFS score was significantly associated with the BACS composite score. Our results indicate that reduced blood omega-3 fatty acids are associated with cognitive impairment, which then impacts social functioning outcomes in schizophrenia.
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25
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Joseph J, Depp C, Shih PAB, Cadenhead KS, Schmid-Schönbein G. Modified Mediterranean Diet for Enrichment of Short Chain Fatty Acids: Potential Adjunctive Therapeutic to Target Immune and Metabolic Dysfunction in Schizophrenia? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:155. [PMID: 28396623 PMCID: PMC5366345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in gut and digestive processes and their potential link to brain and peripheral based inflammation or biobehavioral phenotypes has led to an increasing number of basic and translational scientific reports focused on the role of gut microbiota within the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the effect of dietary modification on specific gut metabolites, in association with immune, metabolic, and psychopathological functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders has not been well characterized. The short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, butyrate, and propionate, major metabolites derived from fermentation of dietary fibers by gut microbes, interact with multiple immune and metabolic pathways. The specific pathways that SCFA are thought to target, are dysregulated in cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and systemic inflammation. Most notably, these disorders are consistently linked to an attenuated lifespan in schizophrenia. Although, unhealthy dietary intake patterns and increased prevalence of immune and metabolic dysfunction has been observed in people with schizophrenia; dietary interventions have not been well utilized to target immune or metabolic illness. Prior schizophrenia patient trials primarily focused on the effects of gluten free diets. Findings from these studies indicate that a diet avoiding gluten benefits a limited subset of patients, individuals with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Therefore, alternative dietary and nutritional modifications such as high-fiber, Mediterranean style, diets that enrich the production of SCFA, while being associated with a minimal likelihood of adverse events, may improve immune and cardiovascular outcomes linked to premature mortality in schizophrenia. With a growing literature demonstrating that SCFA can cross the blood brain barrier and target key inflammatory and metabolic pathways, this article highlights enriching dietary intake for SCFA as a potential adjunctive therapy for people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Colin Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pei-an B. Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Larson NB, McDonnell S, Cannon Albright L, Teerlink C, Stanford J, Ostrander EA, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Cooney KA, Lange E, Schleutker J, Carpten JD, Powell I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Giles GG, MacInnis RJ, Maier C, Whittemore AS, Hsieh CL, Wiklund F, Catalona WJ, Foulkes W, Mandal D, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z, Ackerman MJ, Olson TM, Klein CJ, Thibodeau SN, Schaid DJ. gsSKAT: Rapid gene set analysis and multiple testing correction for rare-variant association studies using weighted linear kernels. Genet Epidemiol 2017; 41:297-308. [PMID: 28211093 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have afforded unprecedented characterization of low-frequency and rare genetic variation. Due to low power for single-variant testing, aggregative methods are commonly used to combine observed rare variation within a single gene. Causal variation may also aggregate across multiple genes within relevant biomolecular pathways. Kernel-machine regression and adaptive testing methods for aggregative rare-variant association testing have been demonstrated to be powerful approaches for pathway-level analysis, although these methods tend to be computationally intensive at high-variant dimensionality and require access to complete data. An additional analytical issue in scans of large pathway definition sets is multiple testing correction. Gene set definitions may exhibit substantial genic overlap, and the impact of the resultant correlation in test statistics on Type I error rate control for large agnostic gene set scans has not been fully explored. Herein, we first outline a statistical strategy for aggregative rare-variant analysis using component gene-level linear kernel score test summary statistics as well as derive simple estimators of the effective number of tests for family-wise error rate control. We then conduct extensive simulation studies to characterize the behavior of our approach relative to direct application of kernel and adaptive methods under a variety of conditions. We also apply our method to two case-control studies, respectively, evaluating rare variation in hereditary prostate cancer and schizophrenia. Finally, we provide open-source R code for public use to facilitate easy application of our methods to existing rare-variant analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shannon McDonnell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lisa Cannon Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Craig Teerlink
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Janet Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William B Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ethan Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isaac Powell
- Department of Urology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Statistical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William J Catalona
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - William Foulkes
- Department of Oncology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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27
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Biomarcadores sanguíneos diferenciales de las dimensiones psicopatológicas de la esquizofrenia. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2016; 9:219-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Tessier C, Sweers K, Frajerman A, Bergaoui H, Ferreri F, Delva C, Lapidus N, Lamaziere A, Roiser JP, De Hert M, Nuss P. Membrane lipidomics in schizophrenia patients: a correlational study with clinical and cognitive manifestations. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e906. [PMID: 27701405 PMCID: PMC5315538 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental condition in which several lipid abnormalities-either structural or metabolic-have been described. We tested the hypothesis that an abnormality in membrane lipid composition may contribute to aberrant dopamine signaling, and thereby symptoms and cognitive impairment, in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. Antipsychotic-medicated and clinically stable SCZ outpatients (n=74) were compared with matched healthy subjects (HC, n=40). A lipidomic analysis was performed in red blood cell (RBC) membranes examining the major phospholipid (PL) classes and their associated fatty acids (FAs). Clinical manifestations were examined using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Continuous Performance Test, Salience Attribution Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Sphingomyelin (SM) percentage was the lipid abnormality most robustly associated with a schizophrenia diagnosis. Two groups of patients were defined. The first group (SCZ c/SM-) is characterized by a low SM membrane content. In this group, all other PL classes, plasmalogen and key polyunsaturated FAs known to be involved in brain function, were significantly modified, identifying a very specific membrane lipid cluster. The second patient group (SCZ c/SM+) was similar to HCs in terms of RBC membrane SM composition. Compared with SCZ c/SM+, SCZ c/SM- patients were characterized by significantly more severe PANSS total, positive, disorganized/cognitive and excited psychopathology. Cognitive performance was also significantly poorer in this subgroup. These data show that a specific RBC membrane lipid cluster is associated with clinical and cognitive manifestations of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. We speculate that this membrane lipid abnormality influences presynaptic dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tessier
- INSERM ERL 1157, CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,Service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - K Sweers
- UPC KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - A Frajerman
- Service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - H Bergaoui
- Service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - F Ferreri
- Service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - C Delva
- SYLIA-STAT, Bourg-la-Reine, France
| | - N Lapidus
- Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMRS 1136, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France,Public Health Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Lamaziere
- INSERM ERL 1157, CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,UMR 7203, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - J P Roiser
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - P Nuss
- INSERM ERL 1157, CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France,Service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France,UMR 7203, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France,UMR 7203, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Université Paris 06, CHU Saint-Antoine 27, rue de Chaligny. Service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, 184 rue du Fg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France. E-mail:
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29
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Schantz MM, Powers CD, Schleicher RL, Betz JM, Wise SA. Interlaboratory analytical comparison of fatty acid concentrations in serum or plasma. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:148-152. [PMID: 27662814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a large number of clinical studies focusing on the measurement of individual fatty acids in serum or plasma; however, few studies have focused on the interlaboratory comparisons of these measurements. The National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has initiated a quality assurance program for assessing and improving the comparability of individual fatty acid measurements in serum and plasma. METHODS This is a performance-based study so participants are encouraged to use their laboratory's methods for the quantification of the individual fatty acids that they typically measure in the unknown serum or plasma samples along with a control material. The control materials used to date are SRM 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma and SRM 2378 Fatty Acids in Frozen Human Serum. RESULTS To date, two studies of the Fatty Acid Quality Assurance Program (FAQAP) have been completed with 11 and 14 participants, respectively. The agreement among the laboratories for individual fatty acids was within 20% for 70% of the data submitted. Laboratories were also requested to run triplicate analyses for each unknown sample. The precision of the individual laboratory data was generally good, with relative standard deviations <20%. CONCLUSIONS The results from the first two exercises indicate the need for additional assessment of the comparability among laboratories doing these measurements. Future studies will be conducted with the goals of increasing the number of participating laboratories, increasing awareness of the need to use control materials, and improving the comparability among laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Schantz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Carissa D Powers
- Nutritional Biomarkers Branch/Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Rosemary L Schleicher
- Nutritional Biomarkers Branch/Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen A Wise
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Solberg DK, Bentsen H, Refsum H, Andreassen OA. Lipid profiles in schizophrenia associated with clinical traits: a five year follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:299. [PMID: 27562545 PMCID: PMC5000423 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in serum and membrane lipids may be involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. It is not known whether lipid profiles are associated with disease severity or current symptom level. METHODS Clinical and lipid data were gathered from 55 patients with schizophrenia admitted to psychiatric emergency wards in an acute stage of the disease (T1). The patients were re-examined after 5 years at a stable phase (T2). The clinical assessments included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS total, positive, negative) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF S, symptom and F, function). Serum lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride) and membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, LCPUFA) were measured. Healthy controls were recruited among hospital workers. RESULTS Serum triglyceride was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls both at T1 and T2 (p < 0.001), while serum cholesterol did not differ significantly. The levels of serum lipids in patients remained stable over time. At T1, serum lipids and symptoms were not significantly correlated. At T2, higher serum lipids were associated with more severe symptoms and poorer functioning. Higher serum lipid levels at T1 were associated with more severe symptoms and poorer functioning at T2; cholesterol with GAF-S (p < 0.05), triglyceride with PANSS total (p < 0.05), GAF-S (p < 0.01) and GAF-F (p < 0.01). Membrane lipids were significantly lower in the patient group compared to healthy controls at T1 (PUFA p < 0.001, LCPUFA p < 0.001), but not at T2. Membrane lipids were not significantly correlated with symptoms at T1, but significantly associated with negative symptoms and functioning at T2 as previously reported. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest different roles of membrane and serum lipids in schizophrenia pathophysiology. To further elucidate the relation of lipid biology to disease traits, replication in independent studies of longitudinal samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag K. Solberg
- Institute for Military Psychiatry, Norwegian Defense Medical Services, Pb 1550 Sentrum, 0015 Oslo, Norway ,Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Bentsen
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Refsum
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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