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Shi L, Ren Z, Feng Q, Qiu J. Individualized prediction of online shopping addiction from whole-brain functional connectivity. Neuropsychologia 2024:108967. [PMID: 39103090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Online shopping addiction (OSA) is defined as a behavioral addiction where an individual exhibits an unhealthy and excessive attachment to shopping on the Internet. Since the OSA shown its adverse impacts on individuals' daily life and social functions, it is important to examine the neurobiological underpinnings of OSA that could be used in clinical practice to identify individuals with OSA. The present study addressed this question by employing a connectome-based prediction model approach to predict the OSA tendency of healthy subjects from whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity. The OSA connectome - a set of connections across multiple brain networks that contributed to predict individuals' OSA tendency was identified, including the functional connectivity between the frontal-parietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON) (i.e., positive network), as well as the functional connectivity within default mode network (DMN) and that between FPN and DMN (i.e., negative network). Key nodes that contributed to the prediction model included the middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior temporal gyrus, which have been associated with impulsivity and emotional processing. Notably, this connectome has shown its specific role in predicting OSA by controlling for the influence of general Internet addiction. Moreover, the strength of the negative network mediated the relationship between OSA and impulsivity, highlighting that the negative network underlies the impulsivity characteristic of OSA. Together, these findings advanced our understanding of the neural correlates of OSA and provided a promising framework for diagnosing OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhiting Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Farah R, Shchupak G, Holland S, Hutton J, Dudley J, DiFrancesco M, Altaye M, Horowitz-Kraus T. A greater modulation of the visual and fronto-parietal networks for children in a post-media versus pre-media exposure group. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1876-1883. [PMID: 38773283 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Media use in children has exploded in the past several decades, most recently fuelled by portable electronic devices. This study aims to explore differences in functional brain connectivity in children during a story-listening functional MRI (fMRI) task using data collected before (1998) and after (2013) the widespread adoption of media. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from English-speaking 5- to 7-year-old children at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA, of a functional MRI narrative comprehension task completed in 1998 (n = 22) or 2013 (n = 25). Imaging data were processed using a graph theory approach, focusing on executive functions, language and visual processing networks supporting reading. RESULTS Group differences suggest more efficient processing in the fronto-parietal network in the pre-media group while listening to stories. A modulation of the visual and fronto-parietal networks for the post-media exposure group was found. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to assess effects over time in the more exposed group to discern a causal effect of portable devices on cognitive networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - George Shchupak
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - John Hutton
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark DiFrancesco
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Xu X, Ma X, Ni H, Wang H, Wang T, Liu C, Song X, Dong GH. Mindfulness Meditation Training Reduces Gaming Cravings by Reshaping the Functional Connectivity Between the Default Mode Network and Executive Control-Related Brain Regions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:827-836. [PMID: 38692393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) can lead to psychological problems and cause behavioral problems in individuals. Traditional interventions have been ineffective in treating IGD. Meanwhile, mindfulness meditation (MM) is an emerging method that has proven to be effective for treating psychiatric disorders. In this study, MM was used to intervene in IGD and to explore its neural mechanism. METHODS Eighty participants were recruited through advertisements. Eventually, 61 completed the 1-month training (MM group, n = 31; progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] group, n = 30), including a pretest, 8 training sessions, and a posttest. Regional homogeneity and degree centrality were calculated, and the tests (pre- and post-) and group (MM and PMR) analysis of variance was performed. The overlapping results were obtained as region of interest for functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Behavioral data and neurotransmitter availability maps were correlated with FC. RESULTS Compared with PMR, MM decreased the severity of addiction and game craving in IGD. Brain imaging results showed that the FC between and within the executive control and default mode networks/reward-related regions were enhanced. Significant negative correlations were observed between FC and dopamine receptor D2, dopamine transporter, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Significant positive correlations were observed between FCs and serotonin and aminobutyric acid receptors. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the effectiveness of MM in treating IGD. MM altered the default mode and enhanced top-down control over game cravings. These findings were revealed by the correlations between brain regions and behavioral and biochemical effects. The results show the neural mechanism of MM in reducing IGD and lay the foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Ma
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haosen Ni
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- NuanCun Mindful-living Mindfulness Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolan Song
- Center of Mindfulness, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Guo W, Zhang W, Zhang J, Li Z, Zhu W. Effective connectivity analysis of verbal working memory advantage across materials for pathological smartphone users by fNIRS. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 336:111731. [PMID: 37875058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found working memory (WM) advantages of the pathological smartphone use (PSU) group, but most of which were emphasized in the network-related domain. Whether the advantages can transfer to other domains has yet to be confirmed. In particular, exploring from a brain mechanism perspective is necessary. Using the classical N-back paradigm, this study selected network-related words and neutral words as materials combined with fNIRS to probe the verbal WM characteristics of the PSU group. The results showed that β in channel 3, channel 4, and channel 5 were significantly lower in the PSU group than those in the control group The analysis of the region of interest revealed that the PSU group showed significantly lower β in the l-DLPFC and frontopolar. Granger Causality results showed that functional connectivity between frontopolar and R-DLPFC for the PSU group was significantly higher than for the control group in the network word condition. These results demonstrate that the PSU group has an advantage in WM, transferring from the network-related stimulus to the neutral stimulus. The advantages of network stimulus were related to bidirectional connectivity between frontopolar and R-DLPFC. Also, the l-DLPFC and frontopolar are associated with the cross-material consistency of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Guo
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, HongShan District, Hubei 430079, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, HongShan District, Hubei 430079, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Chengdu Longquan No.1 High School, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ziyi Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, HongShan District, Hubei 430079, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wanling Zhu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, HongShan District, Hubei 430079, Wuhan, PR China
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Zhou P, Cai J, Cui J, Liu J, He W, Zhang C, Chen F, Wang Z. Peer victimization and children's internet addiction in China: a moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1236135. [PMID: 37928568 PMCID: PMC10623336 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peer victimization used to be considered as a crucial risk factor for children addicted to the internet. Whereas some victimized ones are function better than would be expected. Variability across individuals indicates that it is necessary to understand how children cope with being bullied and why they do not exhibit maladaptive outcomes. Objective We explored the underlying mechanisms by testing whether subjective well-being was a mediator between peer victimization and Internet addiction and whether the mediation effects conditioned on the levels of parent-child relationship (PCR). Methods Data were collected from 65, 868 elementary school students in China (Mage = 9.56 years, SD = 0.62, 54.0% male) using four questionnaires. Results We found that: (1) subjective well-being can partially mediate the relationship of the two variables; and (2) PCR can moderate direct path and second half of the intermediary process. These moderating effects were stronger for children with higher PCR vs. lower PCR, as a strong PCR can help children to deal with intense emotions and to access effective resources to obtain support. Conclusion This study deepens our understanding of how peer victimization leads to internet addiction, identifies a supportive PCR as a crucial factor that strengthens the resilience of child victims, and highlights the value of focusing on improving the relationship between parents and children in intervening internet addiction related to peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyan Zhou
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Cui
- College of Education, HeBei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, HeBei Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenguang He
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fumei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Mundorf A, Siebert A, Desmond JE, Peterburs J. The role of the cerebellum in internet gaming disorder-A systematic review. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13331. [PMID: 37753565 PMCID: PMC10662475 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies increasingly highlight involvement of the cerebellum in drug craving and addiction. However, its exact role, that is, whether the cerebellum is a critical component of a brain network underlying addictive behaviour, or whether it rather is a facilitator or mediator, is still unclear. Findings concerning the newly recognized internet gaming disorder (IGD) suggest that changes in cerebellar connectivity and functioning are associated with behavioural/non-substance addiction. Here, we systematically review the literature on IGD and cerebellar involvement following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 13 neuroimaging studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies utilized a broad range of diagnostic instruments and resulting cut-off criteria, rendering it difficult to compare findings. Results on altered cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in patients with IGD are mixed; most studies report altered or increased functional connectivity. Moreover, decreased cerebellar grey matter volume is reported. Studies have further indicated that differential activation patterns in the cerebellum may enable discrimination between healthy subjects and subjects with IGD, even allowing for prediction of treatment outcomes. Given the strong connectivity between the cerebellum and cerebral regions, the cerebellum may act as an intermediary between regions involved in craving and addiction and consequently affect symptoms of IGD. Results suggest differential involvement of the cerebellar lobes, emphasizing a need for high-resolution parcellation of the cerebellum in future studies. However, the studies included in the present review have small sample sizes and include mostly male participants. Thus, results may have limited generalizability yet highlight a crucial role of the cerebellum in IGD that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine & Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annabelle Siebert
- Institute for Systems Medicine & Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany
| | - John E. Desmond
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine & Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany
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Khor E, McNamara N, Columb D, McNicholas F. Neuroimaging findings in adolescent gaming disorder: a systematic review. Ir J Psychol Med 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37496266 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gaming disorder is a growing concern affecting adolescents, exacerbated by the impact of recent COVID-19 restrictions. The World Health Organization has recently included gaming disorder in the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, there is still an ongoing debate about the validity and reliability of the proposed clinical criteria, despite growing neurobiological evidence in this cohort. Systematic reviews in this area have focused mainly on adults or mixed adult/adolescent populations. Therefore, this systematic review explored the neuroimaging literature in adolescents (under 18 years old) with gaming disorder. METHODS Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 3288 primary studies were identified from PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria (appropriate title, abstract, comparison group used within study, English-language, neuroimaging and mean age under 18), 24 studies were included in this review. RESULTS Functional and structural brain alterations in adolescent gaming disorder were noted across several imaging modalities, including electroencephalogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with healthy controls, adolescents with gaming disorder demonstrated neurological changes comparable to substance addiction, namely impairments in emotional regulation, reward-seeking, inhibition and increased risky decision-making. Positive brain adaptations in the areas of visuospatial processing and memory were observed. CONCLUSIONS A number of key brain regions are affected in adolescent gaming disorder. These findings can help clinicians understand adolescent presentations with gaming disorder from a neurobiological perspective. Future studies should focus on forming a robust neurobiological and clinical framework for adolescent gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Khor
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N McNamara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St John of God Hospital, Stillorgan, Co Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Columb
- Linn Dara CAMHS North Kildare, Celbridge, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - F McNicholas
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Paediatric Liaison Psychiatry, CHI Crumlin, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
- Lucena CAMHS Rathgar, Orwell Road, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
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Yang G, Ullah HMA, Parker E, Gorsi B, Libowitz M, Maguire C, King JB, Coon H, Lopez-Larson M, Anderson JS, Yandell M, Shcheglovitov A. Neurite outgrowth deficits caused by rare PLXNB1 mutation in pediatric bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2525-2539. [PMID: 37032361 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a severe mood dysregulation condition that affects 0.5-1% of children and teens in the United States. It is associated with recurrent episodes of mania and depression and an increased risk of suicidality. However, the genetics and neuropathology of PBD are largely unknown. Here, we used a combinatorial family-based approach to characterize cellular, molecular, genetic, and network-level deficits associated with PBD. We recruited a PBD patient and three unaffected family members from a family with a history of psychiatric illnesses. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we detected altered resting-state functional connectivity in the patient as compared to an unaffected sibling. Using transcriptomic profiling of patient and control induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived telencephalic organoids, we found aberrant signaling in the molecular pathways related to neurite outgrowth. We corroborated the presence of neurite outgrowth deficits in patient iPSC-derived cortical neurons and identified a rare homozygous loss-of-function PLXNB1 variant (c.1360C>C; p.Ser454Arg) responsible for the deficits in the patient. Expression of wild-type PLXNB1, but not the variant, rescued neurite outgrowth in patient neurons, and expression of the variant caused the neurite outgrowth deficits in cortical neurons from PlxnB1 knockout mice. These results indicate that dysregulated PLXNB1 signaling may contribute to an increased risk of PBD and other mood dysregulation-related disorders by disrupting neurite outgrowth and functional brain connectivity. Overall, this study established and validated a novel family-based combinatorial approach for studying cellular and molecular deficits in psychiatric disorders and identified dysfunctional PLXNB1 signaling and neurite outgrowth as potential risk factors for PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - H M Arif Ullah
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ethan Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bushra Gorsi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Libowitz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Colin Maguire
- Clinical & Translational Research Core, Utah Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jace B King
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Melissa Lopez-Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Lopez-Larson and Associates, Park City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alex Shcheglovitov
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Clinical & Translational Research Core, Utah Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Yang T, He Y, He C, Yang Y, Wu L, Wei B, Dong R, Yang M, Pu Z, Wang S, Li J, Xu T, Liu X, Wu S. The relationship between anxiety and internet gaming disorder in children during COVID-19 lockdown: a network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1144413. [PMID: 37265552 PMCID: PMC10229880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a social problem in children. Evidence from previous studies has proven that anxiety is associated with IGD. However, IGD was always assessed as a whole based on total scores, and the fine-grained relationship between anxiety and IGD was hidden. Objective The present study aims to investigate the fine-grained relationship between anxiety and IGD in elementary school students during the COVID-19 lockdown, and to identify potential targets for psychological interventions. Methods During the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, 667 children from a primary school in China were investigated by the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. R4.1.1 software was used to construct a network model, assess bridge centrality, and test the robustness of the network and conduct a network. Results There were 23 cross-community edges (weight ranged from -0.03 to 0.12), and each node of anxiety was connected to different nodes of IGD. The nodes with the top 80th percentile bridge expected influence were A2 "social phobia" (0.20), A3 "panic disorder" (0.21) and IGD5 "escape" (0.22). The robustness of the network was acceptable. Conclusion From the perspective of network analysis, the present study explored the correlation pathways between anxiety and IGD in children and identified social phobia and panic disorder as the best targets for intervention to reduce IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yueqi Yang
- Xiong’an Rongxi Linquan Primary School, Xiong’an New Area, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruina Dong
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaojun Pu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Saiming Wang
- The First Primary School of Fuliang County, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Psychology Section, Secondary Sanatorium of Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Mental Health of Parents and Their Children: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Parents’ Negative Affect on Adolescents’ Pathological Gaming. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112233. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents’ negative affect could lead to the deterioration of the mental state of their adolescent children. According to previous studies, children of parents who have symptoms of depression or anxiety are more likely to have mental problems. As one of the most important issues concerning adolescents with the rapid rise of screen time, the concern for pathological gaming among adolescents continues to intensify. Many studies have demonstrated the remarkable relationships between adolescents’ pathological gaming and mental factors, but seldom examined them via longitudinal analysis. With three-year data from adolescents (N = 778) and their parents (N = 685) in South Korea, this study assessed the effects of parents’ negative affect (depression and anxiety) on pathological gaming using adolescents’ mental factors (i.e., aggression, ADHD, self-control). The results showed the critical role of parents’ negative affect on their children’s mental health, which finally leads to pathological gaming among adolescents. Depressive parents increased the degree of adolescents’ aggression and ADHD, and decreased the degree of adolescents’ self-control. Anxious parents increased the degree of adolescents’ ADHD. Moreover, both adolescents’ aggression and self-control mediated the relationship between parents’ depression and adolescents’ pathological gaming. Specifically, self-control was one of the most influential factors contributing to pathological gaming among adolescents.
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Salerno L, Becheri L, Pallanti S. ADHD-Gaming Disorder Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101528. [PMID: 36291464 PMCID: PMC9600100 DOI: 10.3390/children9101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by developmentally inadequate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and a neurobiological disruption in brain neurotransmitters and circuitry causing abnormal responses to rewards. Playing electronic games generates a biological response that activates the neuronal circuits linked to pleasure and reward, and there is a growing attention to this type of activity, which can also turn into a mental health condition. The existence and the boundaries between the functional and the dysfunctional are still a source of debate, with the recognition of 'Internet Gaming Disorder' (IGD) as a condition belonging to the broader area of addiction requiring more in-depth study with respect to the DSM-5, while 'Gaming Disorder' (GD) was officially recognized as a new diagnosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the updated revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Notwithstanding, the suggested criteria for the diagnosis of Gaming Disorder are still debated. Since ADHD has been reported as a risk factor for developing addictions, this narrative review aims to provide the current state-of-the art of the knowledge about the comorbidity between ADHD and Gaming Disorder. For this aim, a literature search was conducted using a combination of specific keywords and the results are discussed within the R-Do-C framework and dimensions, and implications for treatment are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Salerno
- INS, Istituto di Neuroscienze, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Pallanti
- INS, Istituto di Neuroscienze, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gan X, Qin KN, Xiang GX, Jin X, Zhu CS. School assets and bullying in Chinese youth: A multiple mediation model of intentional self-regulation and internet gaming disorder. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:947869. [PMID: 35967561 PMCID: PMC9366335 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.947869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullying is a severe social problem affecting young people all over the world. Previous studies suggested that engagement in bullying had massive effects on teenagers' physical and psychological development. It is critical and necessary to investigate the antecedents and underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon among young generations. The present study, based on the positive youth development perspective and the developmental assets theory, attempts to explore the positive factors in the school subsystem that could effectively prevent adolescents from bullying, as well as the multiple mediation effects of intentional self-regulation (ISR) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). In this study, we adopted a two-wave design and recruited a sample of 768 Chinese adolescents using a randomized cluster sampling method in the post-pandemic era. The results revealed that T1 school assets significantly and negatively predicted T2 adolescent bullying. Furthermore, T2 ISR and T2 IGD mediated the association between T1 school assets and T2 bullying separately and sequentially. Overall, school resources play a protective role in adolescent development and could effectively prevent them from negative outcomes. These current findings contribute to the literature by providing a further understanding of the direct and indirect protective effects of school assets on adolescent bullying. Moreover, practitioners could also benefit from these findings in preventing and intervening in bullying in the school subsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Gan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ke-Nan Qin
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xing Xiang
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University College of Technology and Engineering, Jingzhou, China
| | - Cong-Shu Zhu
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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13
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Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Navarro-Castillo R, Faúndez-Castillo F, Chamorro-Gallardo M. “Game (not) Over”: A Systematic Review of Video Game Disorder in Adolescents. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v31n2.90741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to characterize video game use disorder in adolescents, identifying the particularities of those who present it, its effects at the brain level, related factors, and existing measurement instruments. A systematic review of the scientific publications available in Scopus was carried out, between the period 2014-2018 on video game use disorder in adolescents. Adolescents with this disorder are characterized by being mostly men, spending more time daily and weekly playing than adolescents without this disorder, showing diverse symptoms in the behavioral, affective, and cognitive areas. At brain level, it is referred that in this disorder there is an increase and decrease in the activation of specific areas of the brain. Likewise, the presence of some psychological disorder and impulsivity are considered factors that increase the risk of suffering from it. However, there are protective factors as school commitment and parental supervision, among others.
How to cite: Rojas-Jara, C., Polanco-Carrasco, R., Navarro-Castillo, R., Faúndez-Castillo, F., & Chamorro-Gallardo, M. (2022). “Game (not) Over”: A Systematic Review of Video Game Disorder in Adolescents. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 31(2), 45-64. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v31n2.90741
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14
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Impulse control differentiates Internet gaming disorder from non-disordered but heavy Internet gaming use: Evidence from multiple behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging data. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Tso WW, Reichert F, Law N, Fu KW, de la Torre J, Rao N, Leung LK, Wang YL, Wong WH, Ip P. Digital competence as a protective factor against gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 20:100382. [PMID: 35967602 PMCID: PMC9366955 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Khanbabaei S, Abdollahi MH, Shahgholian M. The predictive role of working memory and impulsivity in internet addiction, an investigation about the mediating role of time perception. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Wu Q, Ren Q, Zhong N, Bao J, Zhao Y, Du J, Chen T, Zhao M. Internet behavior patterns of adolescents before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:947360. [PMID: 36440398 PMCID: PMC9685307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the mental health of adolescents. To describe the Internet behavior-changing patterns of adolescents and to understand the impact of clinical features on changing patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study using data collected through online investigation in China. A total of 625 adolescents completed the online survey from May 15 to June 7, 2020. The adolescents were asked to retrospect to the Internet behaviors and game behaviors of three time periods as follows: before the COVID-19 outbreak in China, during the COVID-19 outbreak in China, and back to school. The clinical variables of the demographic data, family functionality, and emotional and behavioral symptoms were also collected. According to the Internet behaviors and game behaviors patterns across the three time periods, the subjects will be sub-grouped. RESULTS Four Internet behavior-changing patterns during the COVID-19 was identified: (1) Continuous Normal Group (55.52%); (2) Normal to Internet Addiction Group (5.28%); (3) Internet Addiction to Normal Group (14.56%); and (4) Continuous Internet Addiction Group (24.64%). Years of education, academic score ranking, family functionality, and emotional and behavioral symptoms were different across the four groups. Proportions of game behaviors, scores of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and SDQ subscale during the period before the COVID-19 outbreak were significant in predicting changing patterns. CONCLUSION The Internet behavior patterns of adolescents during the COVID-19 period were various. Clinical features before the COVID-19 pandemic may predict changing patterns. The heterogeneity in characteristics between different changing patterns should be considered when intervening in adolescents' problematic Internet behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihuan Ren
- Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juwang Bao
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Schettler L, Thomasius R, Paschke K. Neural correlates of problematic gaming in adolescents: A systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13093. [PMID: 34496459 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Problematic gaming in adolescents is associated with neural alterations in structural and functional imaging studies. Especially frontal regions, associated with cognitive control functions, as well as temporoparietal areas, responsible for attention processes and self-concepts, and frontolimbic and subcortical regions, connected to emotion regulation and reward processing, are affected. The differences provide a further explanation for addictive disorders and emphasize the importance of interventions that address executive and cognitive-affective deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schettler
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ) University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ) University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
| | - Kerstin Paschke
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ) University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
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19
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Yoon S, Yang Y, Ro E, Ahn WY, Kim J, Shin SH, Chey J, Choi KH. Reliability, and Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Gaming Disorder Scales: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:764209. [PMID: 34950088 PMCID: PMC8689178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An association between gaming disorder (GD) and the symptoms of common mental disorders is unraveled yet. In this preregistered study, we quantitatively synthesized reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of GD scales to examine association between GD and other constructs. Methods: Five representative GD instruments (GAS-7, AICA, IGDT-10, Lemmens IGD-9, and IGDS9-SF) were chosen based on recommendations by the previous systematic review study to conduct correlation meta-analyses and reliability generalization. A systematic literature search was conducted through Pubmed, Proquest, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify studies that reported information on either reliability or correlation with related variables. 2,124 studies were full-text assessed as of October 2020, and 184 were quantitatively synthesized. Conventional Hedges two-level meta-analytic method was utilized. Results: The result of reliability generalization reported a mean coefficient alpha of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.85-0.87) and a mean test-retest estimate of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.81-0.89). Estimated effect sizes of correlation between GD and the variables were as follows: 0.33 with depression (k = 45; number of effect sizes), 0.29 with anxiety (k = 37), 0.30 with aggression (k = 19), -0.22 with quality of life (k = 18), 0.29 with loneliness (k = 18), 0.56 with internet addiction (k = 20), and 0.40 with game playtime (k = 53), respectively. The result of moderator analyses, funnel and forest plots, and publication bias analyses were also presented. Discussion and Conclusion: All five GD instruments have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Relatively few studies reported the test-retest reliability. The result of correlation meta-analysis revealed that GD scores were only moderately associated with game playtime. Common psychological problems such as depression and anxiety were found to have a slightly smaller association with GD than the gaming behavior. GD scores were strongly correlated with internet addiction. Further studies should adopt a rigorous methodological procedure to unravel the bidirectional relationship between GD and other psychopathologies. Limitations: The current study did not include gray literature. The representativeness of the five tools included in the current study could be questioned. High heterogeneity is another limitation of the study. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42020219781].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seowon Yoon
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeji Yang
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunbin Ro
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Shin
- Dr. Shin’s Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeanyung Chey
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Loganathan K. Value-based cognition and drug dependency. Addict Behav 2021; 123:107070. [PMID: 34359016 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Value-based decision-making is thought to play an important role in drug dependency. Achieving elevated levels of euphoria or ameliorating dysphoria/pain may motivate goal-directed drug consumption in both drug-naïve and long-time users. In other words, drugs become viewed as the preferred means of attaining a desired internal state. The bias towards choosing drugs may affect one's cognition. Observed biases in learning, attention and memory systems within the brain gradually focus one's cognitive functions towards drugs and related cues to the exclusion of other stimuli. In this narrative review, the effects of drug use on learning, attention and memory are discussed with a particular focus on changes across brain-wide functional networks and the subsequent impact on behaviour. These cognitive changes are then incorporated into the cycle of addiction, an established model outlining the transition from casual drug use to chronic dependency. If drug use results in the elevated salience of drugs and their cues, the studies highlighted in this review strongly suggest that this salience biases cognitive systems towards the motivated pursuit of addictive drugs. This bias is observed throughout the cycle of addiction, possibly contributing to the persistent hold that addictive drugs have over the dependent. Taken together, the excessive valuation of drugs as the preferred means of achieving a desired internal state affects more than just decision-making, but also learning, attentional and mnemonic systems. This eventually narrows the focus of one's thoughts towards the pursuit and consumption of addictive drugs.
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21
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Xu LX, Wu LL, Geng XM, Wang ZL, Guo XY, Song KR, Liu GQ, Deng LY, Zhang JT, Potenza MN. A review of psychological interventions for internet addiction. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302:114016. [PMID: 34087672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) may constitute a widespread and serious mental problem. Previous reviews have not fully considered potential factors that may contribute to therapeutic outcomes or predict behavioral changes. Such information is relevant to understand the active ingredients of interventions and to develop more efficacious treatments that target features of IA. This systematic review was designed to relate theories of IA to treatments, describe studies of psychotherapies for IA, and propose a model of addiction and interventions based on extant studies. A computer database search of PubMed, PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify all available research evidence on psychological treatments for IA (N = 31 studies). Among these psychological interventions, the targeted reduction of addiction-related impulsivity and craving, improvement of cognitive maladjustment, and alleviation of family problems have been investigated in IA interventions. The targeted domains and intervention methods are not mutually exclusive, and further research is needed to demonstrate the effective components and mechanisms of action for treatments of IA. Such research will help generate more efficacious evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Deng
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying internet gaming disorder
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 22:113-126. [PMID: 32699511 PMCID: PMC7366941 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.2/aweinstein] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes studies on the neurobiological correlates of internet gaming disorder (IGD), presently the most direct approach to analyzing the impact of digital technology and the internet on brain mechanisms. Brain imaging studies have shown that IGD shares, to a large extent, neurobiological alterations that are typical for other addictions, such as: (i) activation in brain regions associated with reward, as evident from cue exposure and craving studies and neurotransmitter systems studies that indicate an involvement of dopamine-mediated reward mechanisms; (ii) reduced activity in impulse control areas and impaired decision making; and (iii) reduced functional connectivity in brain networks that are involved in cognitive control, executive function, motivation, and reward. Moreover, there are structural changes, mainly reduction in gray-matter volume and white-matter density. Comorbidity studies indicate that executive control networks in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase the susceptibility to develop IGD. Most importantly, this review also outlines findings that show the effects of excessive use of screens, here referring to the playing of computer games, which activate many brain regions associated with cognitive, motor, and sensory function and not directly involved in other forms of addiction. This review describes and summarizes comprehensively the neurobiological correlates of addictive internet use in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michel Lejoyeux
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Maison Blanche Hospital and Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
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23
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Yan H, Li Q, Yu K, Zhao G. Large-scale network dysfunction in youths with Internet gaming disorder: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110242. [PMID: 33434637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been defined as a specific behavioral disorder, associated with abnormal interactions among large-scale brain networks. Researchers have sought to identify the network dysfunction in IGD using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). However, results across studies have not reached an agreement yet and the mechanism remains unclear. The present research aimed to investigate network dysfunction in IGD through a meta-analysis of rsFC studies. Twenty-two seed-based voxel-wise rsFC studies from 25 publications (594 individuals with IGD and 496 healthy controls) were included. By categorizing seeds into seed-networks based on their location within a prior functional network parcellations, we performed a Multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) within each seed-network to identify which brain systems showed abnormal interaction with particular seed-network in individuals with IGD. Compared to healthy control groups, individuals with IGD exhibited significant hypoconnectivity within the default mode network, and enhanced connectivity between the default mode network and insula within the ventral attention network. IGD was also associated with increased connectivity between the ventral attention network and somatomotor regions. Furthermore, the IGD groups showed hyperconnectivity between the limbic network and regions of the frontoparietal network. The results suggest that individuals with IGD show large-scale functional network alteration which underpins their core symptoms including poor emotional competence, cue-reactivity and craving, habitual addictive behaviors and impaired executive control. Whether the compensation mechanism exists in IGD is discussed, and further research is needed. The findings provide a neurocognitive network model of IGD, which may serve as functional biomarkers for IGD and have potentials for development of effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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24
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Patil AU, Madathil D, Huang CM. Age-related and individual variations in altered prefrontal and cerebellar connectivity associated with the tendency of developing internet addiction. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4525-4537. [PMID: 34170056 PMCID: PMC8410527 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction refers to problematic patterns of internet use that continually alter the neural organization and brain networks that control impulsive behaviors and inhibitory functions. Individuals with elevated tendencies to develop internet addiction represent the transition between healthy and clinical conditions and may progress to behavioral addictive disorders. In this network neuroscience study, we used resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to examine how and whether individual variations in the tendency of developing internet addiction rewire functional connectivity and diminish the amplitude of spontaneous low‐frequency fluctuations in healthy brains. The influence of neurocognitive aging (aged over 60 years) on executive‐cerebellar networks responsible for internet addictive behavior was also investigated. Our results revealed that individuals with an elevated tendency of developing internet addiction had disrupted executive‐cerebellar networks but increased occipital‐putamen connectivity, probably resulting from addiction‐sensitive cognitive control processes and bottom‐up sensory plasticity. Neurocognitive aging alleviated the effects of reduced mechanisms of prefrontal and cerebellar connectivity, suggesting age‐related modulation of addiction‐associated brain networks in response to compulsive internet use. Our findings highlight age‐related and individual differences in altered functional connectivity and the brain networks of individuals at a high risk of developing internet addictive disorders. These results offer novel network‐based preclinical markers of internet addictive behaviors for individuals of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Uday Patil
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Madathil
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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25
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Concerto C, Rodolico A, Avanzato C, Fusar-Poli L, Signorelli MS, Battaglia F, Aguglia E. Autistic Traits and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Predict the Severity of Internet Gaming Disorder in an Italian Adult Population. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060774. [PMID: 34207989 PMCID: PMC8230698 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, internet gaming has been a fast-growing recreational activity. Gamers risk their leisure activity becoming an addiction. In the present study, we aimed to measure the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in an adult population of video game players and to investigate the association between demographic variables, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) severity, and IGD in adults. Through an online survey, we recruited 4260 individuals aged between 18 and 55 years old, who were members of online communities of video gamers. We collected demographic data and administered three questionnaires: the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGD9-SF), the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Of the overall sample, 29.67% scored above the cut-off of 21 points for the IGD9-SF. Multiple linear regression models showed that daily spare time, autistic traits, and ADHD symptoms were positively associated with the severity of IGD in adults, after controlling for demographic variables. Future studies are required in order to explore factors linked to IGD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (C.A.); (L.F.-P.); (M.S.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (C.A.); (L.F.-P.); (M.S.S.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Avanzato
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (C.A.); (L.F.-P.); (M.S.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (C.A.); (L.F.-P.); (M.S.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (C.A.); (L.F.-P.); (M.S.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (C.A.); (L.F.-P.); (M.S.S.); (E.A.)
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Nie Y, Pan T, Zheng Y, Fan L, He J. Automatic detection advantage toward the intensity change of network signal cues among problematic internet users: an event-related potential study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang Z, Wang M, Dong GH. Males are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females among people with internet gaming disorder: fMRI evidence from a card-guessing task. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 32635911 PMCID: PMC7341652 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have found an interesting issue in the Internet gaming disorder (IGD): males are always observed to be the majority. However, there are little research to exploring the differences in the neural mechanisms between males and females in decision-making process among people with IGD. Therefore, explore the reward/loss processing between different gender with IGD could help in understanding the underlying neural mechanism of IGD. METHODS Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were collected from 111 subjects (IGD: 29 males, 25 females; recreational internet game user (RGU): 36 males, 21 females) while they were performing a card-guessing task. We collected and compared their brain features when facing the win and loss conditions in different groups. RESULTS For winning conditions, IGD group showed hypoactivity in the lingual gyrus than RGU group, male players showed hyperactivity in the left caudate nucleus, bilateral cingulate gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right precuneus and inferior parietal lobule relative to the females. And significant sex-by-group interactions results showed higher brain activities in the thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus and lower brain activities in Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were observed in males with IGD than females. For losing conditions, IGD group showed hypoactivity in the left lingual gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared to the RGU group, male players showed hyperactive left caudate nucleus and hypoactive right middle occipital gyrus relative to females. And significant sex-by-group interactions results showed that compared to females with IGD, males with IGD showed decreased brain activities in the IFG and lingual gyrus. CONCLUSIONS First, there appeared to be no difference in reward processing between the IGD and RGU group, but IGD showed less sensitivity to loss. Secondly, male players showed more sensitivity to rewards and less sensitivity to losses. Last but not least, males and females showed opposite activation patterns in IGD degree and rewards/losses processing. And male IGD subjects are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females, which might be the reason for the gender different rates on IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Creative Technologies, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Ziliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Abstract
Problematic gaming has emerged as a contemporary concern, leading to the introduction of the diagnostic term 'Internet Gaming Disorder' (IGD; American Psychiatric Association). The present study aims to empirically assess the association between inattention and IGD, in the light of variable levels of vertical-individualism that reflects cultural inclinations towards independence, competitiveness, and hierarchy. The participants (N = 1032) comprised a normative cohort of Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) gamers (Mage = 24 years; 48.7% male). IGD was measured with the nine-item short-form IGD Scale (IGD9-SF), inattention with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale, and vertical individualism with the Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire. Complex hierarchical and moderated regressions were employed. Findings demonstrated an association between IGD and inattention, and additionally showed that this association was exacerbated by a more vertically-individualistic cultural orientation without significant gender differences. The need of differentially addressing IGD risk among inattentive gamers of diverse cultural orientation is highlighted.
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Shimomura G, Nagamitsu S, Suda M, Ishii R, Yuge K, Matsuoka M, Shimomura K, Matsuishi T, Kurokawa M, Yamagata Z, Yamashita Y. Association between problematic behaviors and individual/environmental factors in difficult children. Brain Dev 2020; 42:431-437. [PMID: 32276743 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficult children are ones whose behavior deviates from the norm, which manifests as restlessness, violence, and difficulty in separating from the mother. Such problematic behaviors usually exhaust their parents during child rearing. This study aimed to identify individual and environmental factors that influence children's problematic behavior, which could be helpful in supporting parents' child rearing. METHODS Records of children's problematic behaviors and their individual or environmental information were collected from 8691 children at their 5-year-old health checks. Problematic behaviors were divided into three categories; anxious behaviors, developmental behaviors, and personal habits. Individual factors included sex, parental age, birth order, birth weight, and birth abnormalities. The environmental factors were mother's smoking during pregnancy or currently, partner's cooperation in child rearing, having someone to consult about child rearing, and television viewing time. Using logistic regression, we identified the association between such behaviors and aggravating factors. RESULTS Problematic behavior was identified in 2.2%, 11.5%, and 16.1% of cases, respectively, with regard to anxious behaviors, developmental behaviors, and personal habits. The individual factors (including birth order and birth abnormality), and the environmental factors (including mothers currently smoking, lack of someone to consult about child rearing, and long television-watching time) were associated with the odd ratio of increased risk for some problematic behaviors. CONCLUSION Behaviors in difficult children are not influenced by individual factors but by several environmental factors. To reduce the parental child rearing burden, health providers should be aware of these aggravating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Shimomura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nagamitsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Masao Suda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryuta Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yuge
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michiko Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Wang H, Sun Y, Lan F, Liu Y. Altered brain network topology related to working memory in internet addiction. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:325-338. [PMID: 32644933 PMCID: PMC8939409 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The working memory (WM) ability of internet addicts and the topology underlying the WM processing in internet addiction (IA) are poorly understood. In this study, we employed a graph theoretical framework to characterize the topological properties of the IA brain network in the source cortical space during WM task. METHODS A sample of 24 subjects with IA and 23 matched healthy controls (HCs) performed visual 2-back task. Exact Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography was adopted to project the pre-processed EEG signals into source space. Subsequently, Lagged phase synchronization was calculated between all pairs of Brodmann areas, the graph theoretical approaches were then employed to estimate the brain topological properties of all participants during the WM task. RESULTS We found better WM behavioral performance in IA subjects compared with the HCs. Moreover, compared to the HC group, more integrated and hierarchical brain network was revealed in the IA subjects in alpha band. And altered regional centrality was mainly resided in frontal and limbic lobes. In addition, significant relationships between the IA severity and the significant altered graph indices were found. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings provide evidence to support the notion that altered topological configuration may underline changed WM function observed in IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, 116029, China,Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, 116029, China,Corresponding author’s e-mail:
| | - Fan Lan
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, 116029, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, 116029, China
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Kuriki S, Higuchi S, Nakayama H, Mihara S, Okazaki Y, Ono Y, Kobayashi H. Neurobiological influence of comorbid conditions in young patients diagnosed with gaming disorder: A whole-brain functional connectivity study based on a data driven method. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233780. [PMID: 32469991 PMCID: PMC7259694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaming disorder, which is characterized by multiple cognitive and behavioral symptoms, often has comorbid psychiatric conditions such as depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurobiological effects of the comorbid disorders so far reported are not converging, exhibiting positive and negative alterations of the connectivity in brain networks. In this study, we conducted resting-state functional magnetic-resonance imaging and whole brain functional connectivity analyses for young participants consisting of 40 patients diagnosed with the gaming disorder, with and without comorbid conditions, and 29 healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, the gaming disorder-alone patients had partially diminished connectivities in the reward system and executive control network, within which there existed central nodes that served as a hub of diminished connections. In the gaming disorder patients who had comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder, the diminished connections were enlarged, with alteration of the hub nodes, to the entire brain areas involved in the reward system including cortical, subcortical and limbic areas that are crucial for reward processing, and to the whole cortical areas composing the executive control network. These observations suggest that the neurodevelopmental condition coexisting with the gaming disorder induced substantial impairment of the neural organizations associated with executive/cognitive and emotional functions, which are plausibly causal to the behavioral addiction, by rearranging and diminishing functional connectivities in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kuriki
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Satoko Mihara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Okazaki
- Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumie Ono
- School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- School of Information Environment, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan
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Siste K, Hanafi E, Jamtani D, Murtani BJ, Beatrice E, Christian H, Damayanti R, Firdaus KK, Ismail RI. Gaming Disorder and Parenting Style: A Case Series. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang J, Hu Y, Li H, Zheng H, Xiang M, Wang Z, Dong G. Altered brain activities associated with cue reactivity during forced break in subjects with Internet gaming disorder. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106203. [PMID: 31801104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors. METHODS Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD. RESULTS Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence.
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Rahmani F, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Aarabi MH. Microstructural changes and internet addiction behaviour: A preliminary diffusion MRI study. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106039. [PMID: 31302309 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) is a major health problem and is associated with comorbidities like insomnia and depression. These consequences frequently confound neuroanatomical correlates of IA in those suffering from it. We enrolled a number of 123 healthy native German-speaking adults (53 male, mean age: 36.8 ± 18.86) from the Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions (LEMON) database, for whom diffusion MRI data, internet addiction test, brief self-control scale (SCS), coping orientations to problems experienced (COPE), and depression scores were available. DMRI connectometry was used to investigate white matter microstructural correlates of the severity of internet addiction identified through IAT, in a group of healty young individuals. A multiple regression model was adopted with age, gender, SCS total score, COPE total score, and BDI-sum as covariates to track white matter fibers in which connectivity was associated with IAT. The connectometry analysis identified a direct correlation between connectivity in the splenium of corpus callosum (CC), parts of bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST), and bilateral arcuate fasciculi (AF) (FDR = 0.0023001), and an inverse correlation of the connectivity in the genu of CC and right fornix (FDR = 0.047138), with the IAT score in healthy adults. We suggest connectivity in the CC and CST as well as fornix and AF to be considered as microstructural biomarkers of predisposition to IA in healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rahmani
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
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35
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King DL, Delfabbro PH, Perales JC, Deleuze J, Király O, Krossbakken E, Billieux J. Maladaptive player-game relationships in problematic gaming and gaming disorder: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 73:101777. [PMID: 31707185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While certain player vulnerabilities are known to increase risk of gaming disorder (GD), the topic of maladaptive player × game relationships in GD has received limited attention. This review aimed to: (1) identify game types associated with GD symptomatology; and (2) evaluate individual differences (e.g., age, personality, depression) in the relationship between gaming and GD symptomatology. A systematic review of six databases identified 23 studies of the relations between game types and GD, including 13 studies employing multivariate analyses. Player vulnerabilities implicated in GD included impulsivity, risk-taking, psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety), and stronger gaming motivations (e.g., escapism, achievement). MMORPG involvement had the strongest positive association with GD. Problematic MMORPG players tend to have a socially anxious profile and may be attracted to the work-like roles and conventions of this genre. Problematic players of shooters tend to score higher on measures of sensation-seeking and impulsivity than other players. These findings suggest that GD may develop more readily and at more severe levels in complex, endless, socially driven games, irrespective of person-level characteristics. Some player vulnerabilities may selectively increase risk of GD for certain game types. Further research should investigate different player-game interactions to refine current models and interventions for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Paul H Delfabbro
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jose C Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jory Deleuze
- Scientific Research and Publication Cell (CRPS), Le Beau Vallon, Namur, Belgium
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elfrid Krossbakken
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Li H, Yao D, Sun B, Li Z, Li X, Dai Y, Wen C, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhu T, Luo C. Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Cognitive Control Network, Default Mode Network, and Visual Attention Network in Internet Addiction: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1006. [PMID: 31620077 PMCID: PMC6759465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) has become a global mental and social problem, which may lead to a series of psychiatric symptoms including uncontrolled use of internet, and lack of concentration. However, the exact pathophysiology of IA remains unclear. Most of functional connectivity studies were based on pre-selected regions of interest (ROI), which could not provide a comprehensive picture of the communication abnormalities in IA, and might lead to limited or bias observations. Using local functional connectivity density (lFCD), this study aimed to explore the whole-brain abnormalities of functional connectivity in IA. We evaluated the whole-brain lFCD resulting from resting-state fMRI data in 28 IA individuals and 30 demographically matched healthy control subjects (HCs). The correlations between clinical characteristics and aberrant lFCD were also assessed. Compared with HCs, subjects with IA exhibited heightened lFCD values in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), and cerebellum, and the bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and superior temporal pole (STP), as well as decreased lFCD values in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and bilateral calcarine and lingual gyrus. Voxel-based correlation analysis revealed the significant correlations between the Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score and altered lFCD values in the left PHG and bilateral STP. These findings revealed the hyper-connectivity in cognitive control network and default mode network as well as the hypo-connectivity in visual attention network, verifying the common mechanism in IA and substance addiction, and the underlying association between IA, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in terms of neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Dai
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zigong Fifth People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Curtis BJ, Williams PG, Anderson JS. Neural reward processing in self-reported short sleepers: examination of gambling task brain activation in the Human Connectome Project database. Sleep 2019; 42:5509883. [PMID: 31152181 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Much of what we assume about the effects of short sleep duration on neural reward processing derives from total sleep deprivation studies. Although total sleep deprivation appears rare, habitual short sleep is common: 30% of working US adults report habitually sleeping ≤ 6 hours/night. It remains largely unknown whether habitual short sleepers exhibit similar reward processing brain activation patterns to those observed following total sleep deprivation in prior studies. Therefore, our aim was to test objectively reward processing brain activation patterns associated with self-reported habitual short sleep duration in a large sample. METHODS Nine hundred and fifty-two adult participants from the Human Connectome Project database were grouped on reported habitual short (≤6 hours) vs. medium-length (7-9 hours) sleep duration using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Reward processing brain activation was examined using a gambling task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subject-level covariates for age, sex, continuous sleep duration, daytime dysfunction, and PSQI total score are provided as supplemental analyses. RESULTS Brain activation patterns revealed expected reward processing-related activation for age and sex. However, activation for sleep duration, dysfunction, and PSQI score did not correspond to those evident in previous total sleep deprivation studies. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported short sleep duration, perceived sleep-related dysfunction, and sleep quality via PSQI do not appear to be meaningfully associated with activation in well-described regions of the human neurobiological reward circuit. As these findings are counter to prior results using experimental sleep deprivation, future work focused on more direct comparisons between self-reported sleep variables and experimental sleep deprivation appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Curtis
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paula G Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeffrey S Anderson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Sun Y, Wang H, Bo S. Altered topological connectivity of internet addiction in resting-state EEG through network analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 95:49-57. [PMID: 30844604 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The results of some neuroimaging studies have revealed that people with internet addiction (IA) exhibit structural and functional changes in specific brain areas and connections. However, the understanding about global topological organization of IA may also require a more integrative and holistic view of brain function. In the present study, we used synchronization likelihood combined with graph theory analysis to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) and topological differences between 25 participants with IA and 27 healthy controls (HCs) based on their spontaneous EEG activities in the eye-closed resting state. There were no significant differences in FC (total network or sub-networks) between groups (p > .05 for all). Graph analysis showed significantly lower characteristic path length and clustering coefficient in the IA group than in the HC group in the beta and gamma bands, respectively. Altered nodal centralities of the frontal (FP1, FPz) and parietal (CP1, CP5, PO3, PO7, P5, P6, TP8) lobes in the IA group were also observed. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the observed regional alterations were significantly correlated with the severity of IA. Collectively, our findings showed that IA group demonstrated altered topological organization, shifting towards a more random state. Moreover, this study revealed the important role of altered brain areas in the neuropathological mechanism of IA and provided further supportive evidence for the diagnosis of IA.
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Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Relationships of Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorder symptom severities with probable attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, aggression and negative affect among university students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:413-421. [PMID: 31062235 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-019-00305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate relationships of Internet addiction (IA) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptom severities with probable attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and aggression among university students, while controlling the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The study was conducted with online survey among 1509 volunteered university students in Ankara who regularly use the Internet, among whom we conducted analyses related with IA. Among these students, 987 of them, who play video games, were included in the analyses related with IGD. Correlation analyses revealed that the severities of the scale scores were mildly correlated with each other both among students who regularly use the Internet and students who play video games. Probable ADHD was associated with the severity of IA symptoms, together with depression and aggression, particularly physical aggression and hostility, in ANCOVA analyses. Similarly probable ADHD was also associated with the severity of IGD symptoms, together with depression and aggression, particularly physical aggression, anger and hostility, in ANCOVA analyses. These findings suggest that the presence of probable ADHD is related with both severity of IA and IGD symptoms, together with aggression and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Evren
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Evren
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Topcu
- Department of Psychology, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Kutlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rho MJ, Park J, Na E, Jeong JE, Kim JK, Kim DJ, Choi IY. Types of problematic smartphone use based on psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2019; 275:46-52. [PMID: 30878856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To provide appropriate solutions for problematic smartphone use, we need to first understand its types. This study aimed to identify types of problematic smartphone use based on psychiatric symptoms, using the decision tree method. We recruited 5,372 smartphone users from online surveys conducted between February 3 and February 22, 2016. Based on scores on the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale for Adults (S-Scale), 974 smartphone users were assigned to the smartphone-dependent group and 4398 users were assigned to the normal group. The data-mining technique of C5.0 decision tree was applied. We used 15 input variables, including demographic and psychological factors. Four psychiatric variables emerged as the most important predictors: self-control (Sc; 66%), anxiety (Anx; 25%), depression (Dep; 7%), and dysfunctional impulsivities (Imp; 3%). We identified the following five types of problematic smartphone use: (1) non-comorbid, (2) self-control, (3) Sc + Anx, (4) Sc + Anx + Dep, and (5) Sc + Anx + Dep + Imp. We found that 74% of smartphone-dependent users had psychiatric symptoms. The ratio of participants belonging to the non-comorbid and self-control types was 64%. We proposed that these types of problematic smartphone use may be used for the development of an appropriate service for controlling and preventing such behaviors in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Rho
- Catholic Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- Catholic Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euihyeon Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon Chamsarang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwon Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Inha University, Nam-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Addiction Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Koronczai B, Kökönyei G, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. The Relationship Between Personality Traits, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Problematic Internet Use: A Complex Mediation Model. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11837. [PMID: 31025955 PMCID: PMC6658222 DOI: 10.2196/11837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many empirical studies that demonstrate the associations between problematic internet use, psychopathological symptoms, and personality traits. However, complex models are scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to build and test a mediation model based on problematic internet use, psychopathological symptoms, and personality traits. METHODS Data were collected from a medical addiction center (43 internet addicts) and internet cafés (222 customers) in Beijing (mean age 22.45, SD 4.96 years; 239/265, 90.2% males). Path analysis was applied to test the mediation models using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Based on the preliminary analyses (correlations and linear regression), two different models were built. In the first model, low conscientiousness and depression had a direct significant influence on problematic internet use. The indirect effect of conscientiousness-via depression-was nonsignificant. Emotional stability only affected problematic internet use indirectly, via depressive symptoms. In the second model, low conscientiousness also had a direct influence on problematic internet use, whereas the indirect path via the Global Severity Index was again nonsignificant. Emotional stability impacted problematic internet use indirectly via the Global Severity Index, whereas it had no direct effect on it, as in the first model. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits (ie, conscientiousness as a protective factor and neuroticism as a risk factor) play a significant role in problematic internet use, both directly and indirectly (via distress level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Koronczai
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Wang H, Sun Y, Lv J, Bo S. Random topology organization and decreased visual processing of internet addiction: Evidence from a minimum spanning tree analysis. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01218. [PMID: 30706671 PMCID: PMC6422800 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Internet addiction (IA) has been associated with widespread brain alterations. Functional connectivity (FC) and network analysis results related to IA are inconsistent between studies, and how network hubs change is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional and topological networks using an unbiased minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis on electroencephalography (EEG) data in IA and healthy control (HC) college students. METHODS In this study, Young's internet addiction test was used as an IA severity measure. EEG recordings were obtained in IA (n = 30) and HC participants (n = 30), matched for age and sex, during rest. The phase lag index (PLI) and MST were applied to analyze FC and network topology. We expected to obtain evidence of underlying alterations in functional and topological networks related to IA. RESULTS IA participants showed higher delta FC between left-side frontal and parieto-occipital areas compared to the HC group (p < 0.001), global MST measures revealed a more star-like network in IA participants in the upper alpha and beta bands, and the occipital brain region was relatively less important in the IA relative to the HC group in the lower band. The correlation results were consistent with the MST results: higher IA severity correlated with higher Max degree and kappa, and lower eccentricity and diameter. CONCLUSIONS Functional networks of the IA group were characterized by increased FC, a more random organization, and a decrease of relative functional importance of the visual processing area. Taken together, these alterations can help us understand the influence of IA to brain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lv
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, China
| | - Siyu Bo
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Da Lian, China
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Sugaya N, Shirasaka T, Takahashi K, Kanda H. Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: a systematic review. Biopsychosoc Med 2019; 13:3. [PMID: 30809270 PMCID: PMC6374886 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-019-0144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous large-scale studies suggest that internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children and adolescents has become an important public concern. Minors are known to be particularly susceptible to problematic internet gaming use owing to age-related underdevelopment of cognitive control. It has been shown that precursors of addictions appear during adolescence; therefore, prevention efforts must be established targeting minors who have their first experience with addictive substances and behaviors during pubescence. Since the DSM-5 classification of IGD in 2013, studies on IGD have drastically increased in number. Thus, we performed an updated review of studies of IGD in children and adolescents to assess the clinical implications of IGD. The search included all publication years, using PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. Across studies, the presence of IGD had a negative effect on sleep and schoolwork in minors. Additionally, family factors, including the quality of parent-child relationships, were important social factors in minors with IGD. Brain imaging studies indicate that impaired cognitive control in minors with IGD is associated with abnormal function in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Persistent pathological online game use from childhood may aggravate abnormal brain function; therefore, preventive care and early intervention are increasingly important. Although extant research supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for minors with IGD, effective psychological intervention for minors with IGD is an urgent issue that requires further research. This review, which presents updated findings of IGD in minors, is expected to contribute to the development of future research and be useful in clinical practice in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Sugaya
- 1Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shirasaka
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, 1-12-1-40 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8555 Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- 3Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- 4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
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The Correlation between the Frontostriatal Network and Impulsivity in Internet Gaming Disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1191. [PMID: 30718701 PMCID: PMC6361914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As excessive use of internet gaming has become a serious public health concern, increasing studies have revealed that impulsivity is one of the important risk factors of internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study was designed to investigate the altered resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in IGD participants and to examine its relationship with impulsivity compared with the normal controls (NC). Seed-based analyses verified that participants with IGD displayed decreased FC between the OFC and frontal, striatal, temporal and occipital regions different from NC. Moreover, IGD participants showed weankened FC from the OFC with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as well as with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum as the results of group difference. These results could suggest that the decreased frontostriatal connectivity was associated with excessive internet gaming. Also, the increased FC in frontostriatal regions was correlated with impulse control in the NC but not the IGD participants. Further insight into the brain circuitry on frontostriatal could provide the target for developing treatment approaches of impulse control in IGD.
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Seong W, Hong JS, Kim S, Kim SM, Han DH. Personality and Psychological Factors of Problematic Internet Gamers Seeking Hospital Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:583. [PMID: 31551820 PMCID: PMC6736619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies on internet gaming disorder (IGD) have reported an association between personality traits and impulsive or problematic use of the internet or internet games, but the results obtained were inconsistent. Our study's hypothesis was that personality traits are associated with the individual's choice to play internet games, and psychological status of the individual is associated with seeking treatment for addictive behavior at a hospital. Method: In the current study, individuals who reported excessive internet gaming and visited the hospital for treatment were enrolled and defined as the problematic internet gaming group; through advertisement, additional 138 individuals who were frequent gamers and 139 who were infrequent gamers were recruited. In a multiple logistic regression analysis of all participants' data, a discrete set of hierarchical variables, with gaming preference (frequent gamers + problematic gamers) or problematic internet gaming as the dependent variable, was added to the demographic factors for model 1, personality traits for model 2, and psychological state for model 3. Results: Temperament was a potential factor associated with internet gaming preference. Additionally, model 2, which comprised both demographic factors and personality traits, was a significant factor to enhance the predictability of internet gaming preference with maximum accuracy of 96.7%. Of the three models in the current study, model 2 and model 3 with combined model 2 and patient's psychological status were associated with problematic internet gaming. Discussion: The current study indicated that personality traits were potential factors associated with the individual's preference for gaming. In addition, abnormal psychological status, especially, depressive mood and attention deficit, may lead individuals with problematic internet gaming to seek treatment at the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshik Seong
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Evren B, Evren C, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Neuroticism and introversion mediates the relationship between probable ADHD and symptoms of Internet gaming disorder: results of an online survey. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1490095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Evren
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Evren
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Topcu
- Department of Psychology, Cankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Kutlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
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Paulus FW, Ohmann S, von Gontard A, Popow C. Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:645-659. [PMID: 29633243 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a serious disorder leading to and maintaining pertinent personal and social impairment. IGD has to be considered in view of heterogeneous and incomplete concepts. We therefore reviewed the scientific literature on IGD to provide an overview focusing on definitions, symptoms, prevalence, and aetiology. METHOD We systematically reviewed the databases ERIC, PsyARTICLES, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and PubMed for the period January 1991 to August 2016, and additionally identified secondary references. RESULTS The proposed definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition provides a good starting point for diagnosing IGD but entails some disadvantages. Developing IGD requires several interacting internal factors such as deficient self, mood and reward regulation, problems of decision-making, and external factors such as deficient family background and social skills. In addition, specific game-related factors may promote IGD. Summarizing aetiological knowledge, we suggest an integrated model of IGD elucidating the interplay of internal and external factors. INTERPRETATION So far, the concept of IGD and the pathways leading to it are not entirely clear. In particular, long-term follow-up studies are missing. IGD should be understood as an endangering disorder with a complex psychosocial background. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS In representative samples of children and adolescents, on average, 2% are affected by Internet gaming disorder (IGD). The mean prevalences (overall, clinical samples included) reach 5.5%. Definitions are heterogeneous and the relationship with substance-related addictions is inconsistent. Many aetiological factors are related to the development and maintenance of IGD. This review presents an integrated model of IGD, delineating the interplay of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Paulus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander von Gontard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Popow
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Richlan F, Schubert J, Mayer R, Hutzler F, Kronbichler M. Action video gaming and the brain: fMRI effects without behavioral effects in visual and verbal cognitive tasks. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00877. [PMID: 29568680 PMCID: PMC5853626 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we compared task performance together with brain activation in a visuospatial task (VST) and a letter detection task (LDT) between longtime action video gamers (N = 14) and nongamers (N = 14) in order to investigate possible effects of gaming on cognitive and brain abilities. METHODS Based on previous research, we expected advantages in performance for experienced action video gamers accompanied by less activation (due to higher efficiency) as measured by fMRI in the frontoparietal attention network. RESULTS Contrary to these expectations, we did not find differences in overall task performance, nor in brain activation during the VST. We identified, however, a significantly different increase in the BOLD signal from a baseline task to the LDT in action video gamers compared with nongamers. This increased activation was evident in a number of frontoparietal regions including the left middle paracingulate cortex, the left superior frontal sulcus, the opercular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left and right posterior parietal cortex. Furthermore, we found increased activation in the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus in gamers relative to nongamers when activation during the LDT was compared with activation during the VST. CONCLUSIONS In sum, the expected positive relation between action video game experience and cognitive performance could not be confirmed. Despite their comparable task performance, however, gamers and nongamers exhibited clear-cut differences in brain activation patterns presumably reflecting differences in neural engagement, especially during verbal cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Richlan
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.,Department of Psychology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Juliane Schubert
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.,Department of Psychology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Rebecca Mayer
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.,Department of Psychology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Florian Hutzler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.,Department of Psychology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.,Department of Psychology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria.,Neuroscience Institute Christian-Doppler-Klinik Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
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Feng W, Ramo DE, Chan SR, Bourgeois JA. Internet gaming disorder: Trends in prevalence 1998-2016. Addict Behav 2017; 75:17-24. [PMID: 28662436 PMCID: PMC5582011 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Danielle E Ramo
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Steven R Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - James A Bourgeois
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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