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Shiraly R, Yaghooti F, Griffiths MD. The mediating and moderating effects of psychological distress on the relationship between social media use with perceived social isolation and sleep quality of late middle-aged and older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:655. [PMID: 39097680 PMCID: PMC11298082 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults are more likely to have poor sleep quality and be socially isolated. The present study examined the potential benefits and disadvantages of social media use (SMU) with respect to sleep quality and perceived social isolation among Iranian late-middle-aged and older adults with focus a on both the mediating and moderating role of psychological distress. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 900 older community-dwellers living in Shiraz using a structured questionnaire. Social media use was assessed by estimating the frequency of social networking site visits per week. Data concerning self-rated physical health, chronic medical and mental health conditions, perceived social isolation, sleep quality, and psychological distress were also collected. Multiple linear regression was used to identify independent variables associated with outcomes. Then, mediation and moderation models were used to examine the potential mediating and moderating effects of psychological distress and SMU on their relationships with the study variables. RESULTS Higher social media use was associated with better sleep quality and less perceived social isolation. Nevertheless, the relationships between SMU and participants' sleep quality and perceived social isolation were largely mediated by their level of psychological distress. Furthermore, SMU had a significant moderating effect in the relationship between the psychological distress and the levels of perceived social isolation, so that participants with higher frequency of SMU per week felt less loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that SMU has a positive buffering effect regarding late middle-aged and older adults' mental health mainly through moderation of their perceived social isolation. The mediating role of psychological distress in research examining the relationship between SMU and older adults' mental health outcomes should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Shiraly
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Health Behavior Science Research Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Yaghooti
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Distinguished Professor of Behavioural Addiction. International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
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Polonijo AN, Nguyen AL, Greene KY, Lopez JL, Yoo-Jeong M, Ruiz EL, Christensen C, Galea JT, Brown B. Brief virtual intervention associated with increased social engagement and decreased negative affect among people aging with HIV. AIDS Care 2024; 36:1102-1110. [PMID: 38497407 PMCID: PMC11288775 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2329644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Virtual Villages-online communities that deliver supports to promote aging in place-are proposed to mitigate isolation and support the health of aging populations. Using a community-engaged approach, we developed and pilot-tested a Virtual Village intervention tailored for people living with HIV (PLWH) aged 50+ . The intervention employed a Discord server featuring social interaction, regional and national resources, expert presentations, and mindful meditation exercises. In 2022, a sample of PLWH aged 50+ from three U.S. study sites participated in a four-week pilot. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed participants' demographic characteristics; degree of loneliness, social connectedness, HIV-related stigma, and technology acceptance; mental wellbeing and physical health outcomes; and user experience. Participants (N = 20) were socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse, aged 51-88 years, and predominantly identified as gay or bisexual men (75%). Paired t-tests revealed a significant increase in participants' mean social engagement scores and a significant decrease in participants' mean negative affect scores, following the intervention. User experience scores were acceptable and participants reported a positive sense of connectedness to the Virtual Village community. Results suggest that a virtual community can be accessible to older PLWH and may enhance social engagement and improve aspects of mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Polonijo
- Department of Sociology and the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karah Y. Greene
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jasmine L. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Moka Yoo-Jeong
- School of Nursing, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik L. Ruiz
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jerome T. Galea
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brandon Brown
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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3
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Patil U, Braun KL. Interventions for loneliness in older adults: a systematic review of reviews. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1427605. [PMID: 39091527 PMCID: PMC11291379 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1427605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness in older persons is a major risk factor for adverse health outcomes. Before the COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented isolation and hampered programs aimed at preventing or reducing loneliness, many interventions were developed and evaluated. However, previous reviews provide limited or conflicting summaries of intervention effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to assess previous review quality and bias, as well as to summarize key findings into an overarching narrative on intervention efficacy. The authors searched nine electronic databases and indices to identify systematic reviews of interventions to reduce loneliness in older people prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; 6,925 records were found initially. Of these, 19 reviews met inclusion criteria; these encompassed 101 unique primary intervention studies that varied in research design, sample size, intervention setting, and measures of loneliness across 21 nations. While 42% of reviews had minimal risk of bias, only 8% of primary studies appraised similarly. Among the 101 unique articles reviewed, 63% of tested interventions were deemed by article author(s) as effective or partially effective. Generally, interventions that included animals, psychological therapies, and skill-building activities were more successful than interventions focused on social facilitation or health promotion. However, interventions that targeted multiple objectives aimed at reducing loneliness (e.g., improving social skills, enhancing social support, increasing social opportunities, and changing maladaptive social cognition) were more effective than single-objective interventions. Future programs should incorporate multiple approaches, and these interventions should be rigorously tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Patil
- Office of Public Health Studies, Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Pizzul D, Sala E, Caliandro A, Zaccaria D, Carlo S. Evaluating the impact of a peer-education digital literacy course on older adults' digital skills and wellbeing: a mixed-methods study protocol. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1432607. [PMID: 39045388 PMCID: PMC11264313 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1432607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The digital transition poses relevant challenges and opportunities for older adults in aging European societies. To unleash the potential of the digital transition in old age and avoid the risk of exclusion, digital education for older adults seems to be a valuable solution. One of the most suitable approaches to digital education for older adults appears to be the peer-to-peer approach. However, not much literature is available on this topic. Within the ACTIVE-IT project, we aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a digital peer education course for older adults, focusing specifically on the use of smartphones and daily utility apps, such as mailing, e-Gov, and e-commerce. The purpose of this contribution is to document the protocol adopted to evaluate the course. The course involved 32 participants aged 65 or older, who, between March 2024 and June 2024, divided into three groups, attended a 10-lesson weekly course taught by a peer. We aim to measure the effect of the course on participants' digital skills and their perceived wellbeing. To do so, we will adopt a mixed methods approach, employing: digital methods by collecting and analyzing data on participants' smartphone use (i.e., log data on smartphone use before/during/after the intervention); a quasi-experiment, collecting information on course participants' wellbeing before/after the course attendance using a questionnaire survey; ethnographic observation conducted during the course, observing interactions between subjects during the course. The study has been approved by the Ethic Committee of the University of Milano Bicocca (prot.nr. 167541/2024).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pizzul
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sala
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Zaccaria
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Simone Carlo
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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5
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Löfgren M, Nyman A, Isaksson G, Larsson E. Framing Facets of Social Participation: Older Adults' Experiences of "Social Online Meetings". OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024:15394492241262291. [PMID: 38915208 DOI: 10.1177/15394492241262291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Changing demographics with an increased proportion of older adults indicate the need to develop new health-promoting interventions where the potential of digitization is considered. The aim was to explore and create an understanding of how social online meetings are experienced by older adults. Interviews with older adults generated data that were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The participants were interviewed after participating in a digital health promotion group initiative provided in a municipality context. A core conceptual category and three subcategories reflected an intertwined process of discovering facets of social participation where internal reflections on personal values and needs were nurtured by an external driven process of becoming part of a group in an online context. Occupational therapists and other health and social care professionals need to consider the various facets of social participation when supporting older adults active and healthy aging.
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Shashidhara YN, Raghavendra G, P Kundapur P, Binil V. Effectiveness of Gerontechnology Empowerment Program on Awareness and Use of Mobile Apps Among Older Adults for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53587. [PMID: 38739442 PMCID: PMC11130771 DOI: 10.2196/53587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) are crucial for older adults to live independently. Health care and technological advancements will increase the older adult population and life expectancy globally. Difficulties with iADLs impact older adults' quality of life. Mobile apps can assist older adults, but many require help due to limited awareness. Lack of awareness is a barrier to app use. Existing literature mainly covers health care and app design, needing more focus on iADL apps for older adults. OBJECTIVE The study objectives encompass 2 main aspects: first, to evaluate the awareness, use, and factors influencing the use of apps among older adults for iADLs; and second, to create and assess the effectiveness of a gerontechnology empowerment program (GEP) for older adults on the awareness and use of apps for iADLs. METHODS This research uses a quantitative approach divided into 2 distinct phases. In phase 1, we conduct a descriptive survey to assess the level of awareness and use of mobile apps for iADLs and identify the factors that influence the use of such apps among older adults. To ensure clarity and comprehension among participants, we provide them with a subject information sheet in both Kannada and English. The data collected during this phase enable us to gain insights into awareness levels, use patterns, and factors that shape older adults' use of apps for iADLs. The results serve as the foundation for designing the GEP. In phase 2, a cluster randomization method will be used to select older adults aged 60 to 75 years in Udupi district, Karnataka, India, who are active smartphone users. These participants will be divided into 2 groups: the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group will join the GEP. The sample size for phase 1 is 554, and phase 2 is 50. To assess the effectiveness of this program, we will measure the outcomes before and after its implementation using the same assessment tools used in phase 1. RESULTS This study is funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (Adhoc/193/2022/SBHSR on November 18, 2022). Phase 1 data collection is expected to be completed by November 2023, and phase 2 is scheduled to commence in the upcoming months. Phase 1 and 2 findings will be analyzed and discussed in the main paper, which we intend to submit to a high-quality peer-reviewed journal for publication. The research protocol, informed consent forms, and associated documentation received approval from institutional ethics committees (214/2020). CONCLUSIONS Upon the successful testing of the GEP, it can be recommended that welfare departments encourage older adults to use mobile apps for iADLs and establish training programs to provide support to older adults in using these apps. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry - India CTRI/2020/09/027977; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=NDUxMzM=&Enc=&userName=027977. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Shashidhara
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - G Raghavendra
- Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Poornima P Kundapur
- Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - V Binil
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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7
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Wang S, Reaves S, Newman M, Castaneda S, Emery-Tiburcio E. CATCH-ON Connect: a tablet intervention to address social isolation and loneliness. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:633-637. [PMID: 37278693 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2217501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technology can aid in alleviating social isolation and loneliness among older adults, however some older adults lack the knowledge and necessary skills to use the technology. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of CATCH-ON Connect, a cellular enabled tablet technical assistance program, on social isolation and loneliness among older adults. METHODS This is a single-group pre-post program evaluation of the CATCH-ON Connect program. RESULTS While there was no statistically significant change in social isolation, older adult participants reported significantly lower levels of loneliness following intervention. CONCLUSION This project demonstrates that tablet programs with technical assistance may benefit older adults. Further investigation is warranted to determine the impact of the internet access itself, the technical assistance, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Gunnes M, Løe IC, Kalseth J. Exploring the impact of information and communication technologies on loneliness and social isolation in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review of reviews. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 38431561 PMCID: PMC10908002 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognizing the escalating public health concerns of loneliness and social isolation in aging populations, this study seeks to comprehensively explore the potential of information and communication technology (ICT)-based interventions to address these issues among older adults. This scoping review of reviews aims to map and synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness and scope of ICT interventions targeting loneliness and social isolation in community-dwelling older adults, elucidating types of technology, impacts, facilitators, barriers, and research gaps. METHODS Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, we systematically searched eight diverse databases identifying relevant published reviews. We included English-written, peer-reviewed reviews of all types, with no limits regarding time of publication about ICTs targeting loneliness and/or social isolation for community-dwelling older adults. Eligible reviews were analysed and summarized, offering a holistic narrative of the reported types of ICTs and their impact, the identified facilitators and barriers influencing the implementation and adoption of ICT interventions, and the research gaps identified in the literature. RESULTS The review included 39 publications published between 2012 and 2024, spanning systematic, scoping, and reviews of reviews. Various ICTs were reported, primarily social media virtual communities, followed by video-mediated friendly visits, conversational agents, social robots, exergames and online gameplay. Predominantly positive impacts on mitigating social isolation and loneliness were evident for these ICTs, although methodological diversity and contradictory findings complicated definite conclusions. Facilitators and barriers encompassed individual competencies, access and usage, and intervention design and implementation. Research gaps involved targeting specific subgroups, exploring innovative technologies, incorporating diverse study designs, improving research methodologies, and addressing usability and accessibility. Future research should focus on identifying elderly individuals who can benefit the most from ICT use, exploring novel technologies, using a wider range of study designs, and enhancing usability and accessibility considerations. CONCLUSIONS This review sheds light on the diverse range of ICTs, their impact, and the facilitators and barriers associated with their use. Future investigations should prioritize refining outcome measures, addressing gender differences, and enhancing the usability and accessibility of interventions. The involvement of older adults in the design process and the exploration of technological training interventions hold promise in overcoming barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gunnes
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ida-Camilla Løe
- Department of Technology Management, SINTEF Digital, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Jorid Kalseth
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Lei X, Matovic D, Leung WY, Viju A, Wuthrich VM. The relationship between social media use and psychosocial outcomes in older adults: A systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2024:1-33. [PMID: 38287785 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent in older adults and are detrimental to physical and mental health. Social media use has been shown to be effective in maintaining social connections and improving older adults' psychosocial outcomes. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize current research on this topic. DESIGN Searches were conducted in November 2021 (and updated in October 2023) in PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria: (1) participants ≥ 65 years (mean, median, or minimum age) and (2) reported impact of social media use on psychosocial outcomes (including loneliness, depression, anxiety, social connectedness, wellbeing, life satisfaction, and quality of life). Quality appraisal tools were utilized, and results were synthesized using narrative synthesis. RESULTS Sixty-four papers met inclusion criteria, including cross-sectional (n = 38), observational longitudinal (n = 6), interventional (n = 9), mixed-methods (n = 4), and qualitative (n = 7) studies. Participant numbers ranged from 6 to 16,925. While associations between social media use and positive psychosocial outcomes were generally reported in cross-sectional studies, the impact of social media use over time from longitudinal studies was mixed and inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS While social media use is associated with positive psychosocial outcomes, casual conclusions cannot be drawn. Few longitudinal and randomized controlled trial studies existed, and these reported mixed findings. Large variations in study methodology including participants, measurement of social media use, and outcome measures contributed to the inconsistencies of findings. Addressing this heterogeneity through standardized approaches and more rigorous research may enhance understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lei
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Matovic
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing-Yin Leung
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abhirami Viju
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Rodríguez-Martínez A, Amezcua-Aguilar T, Cortés-Moreno J, Jiménez-Delgado JJ. Qualitative Analysis of Conversational Chatbots to Alleviate Loneliness in Older Adults as a Strategy for Emotional Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:62. [PMID: 38200967 PMCID: PMC10779105 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This article presents an exploration of conversational chatbots designed to alleviate loneliness among older adults. In addition to technical evaluation, it delves into effective communication between these systems and this demographic group, considering linguistic nuances, communicative preferences, and specific emotional needs. The intrinsic importance of chatbots as innovative solutions in combating loneliness is highlighted, emphasizing their ability to be understanding and empathetic allies, contributing to emotional well-being and socialization. The article explores how improved emotional well-being can positively impact the health and quality of life of older adults. The methodology, rooted in triangulation between a literature review and qualitative research through interviews and focus groups with older adults, provides a comprehensive insight into the findings. Ethical, technical, and design considerations such as privacy, autonomy, technology adaptation, and usability are also addressed. The article concludes with practical recommendations for developing user-friendly interfaces that encourage the active participation of older adults in chatbots. This holistic approach not only analyzes the technical effectiveness of chatbots in mitigating loneliness in older adults but delves into human, ethical, and practical aspects, enriching the understanding and implementation of these agents for social and emotional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Teresa Amezcua-Aguilar
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Javier Cortés-Moreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (J.C.-M.)
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Welch V, Ghogomu ET, Barbeau VI, Dowling S, Doyle R, Beveridge E, Boulton E, Desai P, Huang J, Elmestekawy N, Hussain T, Wadhwani A, Boutin S, Haitas N, Kneale D, Salzwedel DM, Simard R, Hébert P, Mikton C. Digital interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: An evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 19:e1369. [PMID: 38024780 PMCID: PMC10681039 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Social isolation and loneliness are more common in older adults and are associated with a serious impact on their well-being, mental health, physical health, and longevity. They are a public health concern highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, hence the need for digital technology tools to enable remotely delivered interventions to alleviate the impact of social isolation and loneliness during the COVID-19 restrictions. Objectives To map available evidence on the effects of digital interventions to mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults in all settings except hospital settings. Search Methods We searched the following databases from inception to May 16, 2021, with no language restrictions. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate, ProQuest (all databases), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) via ProQuest, EBSCO (all databases except CINAHL), Global Index Medicus, and Epistemonikos. Selection Criteria Titles and abstracts and full text of potentially eligible articles were independently screened in duplicate following the eligibility criteria. Data Collection and Analysis We developed and pilot tested a data extraction code set in Eppi-Reviewer and data were individually extracted and coded based on an intervention-outcome framework which was also used to define the dimensions of the evidence and gap map. Main Results We included 200 articles (103 primary studies and 97 systematic reviews) that assessed the effects of digital interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults. Most of the systematic reviews (72%) were classified as critically low quality, only 2% as high quality and 25% were published since the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence is unevenly distributed with clusters predominantly in high-income countries and none in low-income countries. The most common interventions identified are digital interventions to enhance social interactions with family and friends and the community via videoconferencing and telephone calls. Digital interventions to enhance social support, particularly socially assistive robots, and virtual pets were also common. Most interventions focused on reducing loneliness and depression and improving quality of life of older adults. Major gaps were identified in community level outcomes and process indicators. No included studies or reviews assessed affordability or digital divide although the value of accessibility and barriers caused by digital divide were discussed in three primary studies and three reviews. Adverse effects were reported in only two studies and six reviews. No study or review included participants from the LGBTQIA2S+ community and only one study restricted participants to 80 years and older. Very few described how at-risk populations were recruited or conducted any equity analysis to assess differences in effects for populations experiencing inequities across PROGRESS-Plus categories. Authors' Conclusions The restrictions placed on people during the pandemic have shone a spotlight onto social isolation and loneliness, particularly for older adults. This evidence and gap map shows available evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing social isolation or loneliness in older adults. Although the evidence is relatively large and recent, it is unevenly distributed and there is need for more high-quality research. This map can guide researchers and funders to consider areas of major gaps as priorities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Welch
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sierra Dowling
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Ella Beveridge
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Elisabeth Boulton
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Payaam Desai
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jimmy Huang
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Arpana Wadhwani
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Dylan Kneale
- Social Science Research Unit, EPPI‐Centre, UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Douglas M. Salzwedel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Paul Hébert
- Bruyère Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Gibson C, Yates M, Moore KJ. Lessons learnt from a community-driven digital social connection pilot program for people living with dementia: A qualitative interview study with key stakeholders. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:1229-1239. [PMID: 37837265 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In response to COVID-19 and mandated physical distancing, a new digital social connection program was developed and implemented by the local community in a large regional town in western Victoria, Australia. This pilot program, the Digital Inclusion-Social Connections (DI-SC) program, aimed to support people living with dementia to use a digital device to access social connection activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to inform the local community implementing the DI-SC program of key stakeholder experience of DI-SC process and outcomes to support future development and potential translation of digital social connections programs for people living with dementia. DESIGN Three semi-structured focus groups and two interviews were conducted with a total of fifteen participants. Data was transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. FINDINGS Three main themes were identified describing factors as influencing the process and outcomes of the DI-SC program: understanding dementia; personal choice and control; and service planning and coordination. Six sub-themes were identified: matching capability; establishing a relationship; creating opportunities for different interactions; ownership of the device, program coordination and defining the volunteer digital mentor role. CONCLUSION Key stakeholders perceived the DI-SC program as an acceptable way of supporting people living with dementia to engage in activities they found enjoyable promoting social connection with care partners and others. DI-SC program outcomes were impacted by inappropriate training and a lack of program coordination. The findings of this study may inform future development and implementation of digital social connection programs for vulnerable populations at risk of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gibson
- Grampians Health, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Yates
- Grampians Health, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten J Moore
- Melbourne Ageing Research Collaboration, National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine - Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Liang J, Liu JE, Mak YW, Sun L. Preliminary effects of a WeChat-based educational intervention on social participation among older adults in a community. Int J Older People Nurs 2023; 18:e12573. [PMID: 37667440 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social participation of older people should be encouraged, as it is fundamental to their well-being and the practice of aged care. Therefore, the ability of older persons to participate in society should be strengthened. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the preliminary effects of a WeChat-based educational intervention on the social participation of community-dwelling older adults in China. METHODS This study was a quasi-experimental design. Twenty-eight community-dwelling older adults participated in a WeChat-based educational intervention. The intervention contents included concepts and preparation of social participation, analysis of participation resources and capabilities, technological adaptation, emotional management, setting of to-do lists, etc. Social participation, self-worth and subjective well-being were measured via the WeChat application on smartphones at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. We analysed data using paired t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS We found statistically significant improvements in social participation (active aging) (F = 4.408; p < .05) as well as the self-worth dimensions of moral worth (F = 4.135; p < .05) and psychological worth (F = 3.234; p < .05), and the negative-affect dimension of subjective well-being being decreased (F = 2.484; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The WeChat-based education intervention can effectively improve social participation and self-worth, and may provide effective preventive healthcare solutions for older adults in China. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The enormous value of the social participation of independent older adults must be recognised. Nurses can use smartphones to deliver health and social participation information in routine programs in aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagui Liang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-E Liu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yim Wah Mak
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liu Sun
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Oppert ML, Ngo M, Lee GA, Billinghurst M, Banks S, Tolson L. Older adults' experiences of social isolation and loneliness: Can virtual touring increase social connectedness? A pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:270-279. [PMID: 37598431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The present pilot study explored the research aim of understanding how independent-living older adults experience social isolation and loneliness and whether virtual tour digital technology can increase social connectedness (N = 10). Through triangulation of interviews, experiences, and feedback, this study contributes to the knowledge base on the well-being of our ageing populations and how digital technologies, specifically virtual tourism, can aid in this process. The key findings reveal that the participants in our study were moderately lonely but were open to embracing more digital technology, sharing how it is instrumental in facilitating social connection and life administration. Participating in virtual tour experiences was well accepted as participants expressed enjoyment, nostalgia, and interest in future use. However, its contribution to increasing social connections needs to be clarified and requires further investigation. Several future research and education directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leanne Oppert
- University of South Australia, Justice and Society, Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, Australia; CROSSING, French Australian Laboratory for Humans-Autonomous Agents Teaming, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Melissa Ngo
- University of South Australia, Justice and Society, Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, Australia; CROSSING, French Australian Laboratory for Humans-Autonomous Agents Teaming, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gun A Lee
- University of South Australia, STEM, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, Australia
| | - Mark Billinghurst
- University of South Australia, STEM, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, Australia; CROSSING, French Australian Laboratory for Humans-Autonomous Agents Teaming, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- University of South Australia, Justice and Society, Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, Australia; CROSSING, French Australian Laboratory for Humans-Autonomous Agents Teaming, Adelaide, Australia
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15
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Ho ISS, McGill K, Malden S, Wilson C, Pearce C, Kaner E, Vines J, Aujla N, Lewis S, Restocchi V, Marshall A, Guthrie B. Examining the social networks of older adults receiving informal or formal care: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:531. [PMID: 37653368 PMCID: PMC10470175 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To address the care needs of older adults, it is important to identify and understand the forms of care support older adults received. This systematic review aims to examine the social networks of older adults receiving informal or formal care and the factors that influenced their networks. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching six databases from inception to January 31, 2023. The review included primary studies focusing on older adults receiving long-term care, encompassing both informal and formal care. To assess the risk of bias in the included studies, validated appraisal tools specifically designed for different study types were utilized. Network analysis was employed to identify the grouping of study concepts, which subsequently formed the foundation for describing themes through narrative synthesis. RESULTS We identified 121 studies relating to the formal and informal care of older adults' networks. A variety of social ties were examined by included studies. The most commonly examined sources of care support were family members (such as children and spouses) and friends. Several factors were consistently reported to influence the provision of informal care, including the intensity of networks, reciprocity, and geographical proximity. In terms of formal care utilization, older age and poor health status were found to be associated with increased use of healthcare services. Additionally, physical limitations and cognitive impairment were identified as factors contributing to decreased social engagement. CONCLUSION This review found that older people were embedded within a diverse network. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of recognizing and incorporating the diversity of social networks in care plans and policies to enhance the effectiveness of interventions and improve the overall well-being of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Szu-Szu Ho
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh (Informatics Forum, 10 Crichton St, Newington, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK.
- , 47 Potterow, Bayes Centre, Edinburgh, EH8 9BT, UK.
| | - Kris McGill
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Stephen Malden
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Cara Wilson
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Institute for Education, Community and Society, University of Edinburgh, Old Moray House, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK
| | - Caroline Pearce
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh, 74 Lauriston Pl, Edinburgh, EH3 9DF, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - John Vines
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh (Informatics Forum, 10 Crichton St, Newington, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Navneet Aujla
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Sue Lewis
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Valerio Restocchi
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh (Informatics Forum, 10 Crichton St, Newington, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Alan Marshall
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK
| | - Bruce Guthrie
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bio Cube 1, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 13 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
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Deng H, Vu KQ, Franco JR, Shepler LJ, Abouzeid CA, Hamner JW, Mercier HW, Taylor JA, Kazis LE, Slavin MD, Ryan CM, Schneider JC. Digital Interventions for Social Participation in Adults with Long-term Physical Conditions: A Systematic Review. J Med Syst 2023; 47:26. [PMID: 36792791 PMCID: PMC9931567 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-01914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to identify and evaluate digital interventions for social participation in the growing population of adults with long-term physical conditions. Articles were sourced from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases using subject headings and keywords related to "social participation" and "digital technology". Studies that adopted digital technology interventions to improve social participation in adults with long-term physical conditions were included. Data on study methodology, participant and digital intervention characteristics, and findings related to social participation were extracted. The search yielded a total of 4646 articles and 14 articles met criteria for final review with five randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized clinical trials and seven one-group pretest-posttest clinical trials. Studies were organized based on the digital intervention strategy implemented to improve social participation: group support (n = 4), individual skill training or counseling (n = 6), education and support (n = 3), and mixed intervention (n = 1). The group support interventions developed a social network among participants through videoconference, app, or virtual reality platform. Three studies reported positive improvements in different aspects of social participation. Individual skill training or counseling mainly utilized phone calls to help participants cope with activity participation and interpersonal relationship issues. Only two studies demonstrated benefits for social participation. The education and support intervention, which used messages and website information to increase participants' knowledge and provide support, showed positive findings in three studies. This review suggests digital interventions for improving social participation in adults with long-term physical conditions are feasible and the effectiveness of different strategies may vary.Registration: This review was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registry number: CRD42021254105).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Q Vu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessie R Franco
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J Shepler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Cailin A Abouzeid
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - J W Hamner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hannah W Mercier
- Occupational Therapy Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Andrew Taylor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis E Kazis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary D Slavin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Older Adults' Use of a Research-Based Web Platform for Social Interaction. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030408. [PMID: 36766983 PMCID: PMC9913984 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are triggers for unfavorable changes in older adults' health and well-being. Information and communication technology (ICT) can be used by older adults to mitigate the negative effects of loneliness and social isolation. However, ICT needs to be customized to the specific needs and conditions of older adults. The aim of this study was to explore older adults' use of a new, co-designed and research-based web platform for social interaction from the perspectives of older adults, researchers, and social services personnel. The study is an intervention study with a multimethod approach in which 20 older adults used the web platform for social interaction "the Fik@ room" for eight weeks. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected pretest, during the test, and posttest. The Fik@ room met the expectations of those older adults who completed the study. It enabled them to expand their social network and develop new friendships, but their experiences of loneliness were not reduced. The involvement of social services personnel in recruitment and support was important in facilitating older adults' use of the Fik@ room. Our study contributes knowledge about a new, co-designed and research-based web platform, customized specifically for older adults, which is valuable in guiding the design and delivery of future web platforms for social interaction among older adults.
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Durao M, Etchezahar E, Albalá Genol MÁ, Muller M. Fear of Missing Out, Emotional Intelligence and Attachment in Older Adults in Argentina. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11020022. [PMID: 36826920 PMCID: PMC9958755 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed relationships and lifestyles around the world. This has led to the emergence of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which consists of the need to constantly check social media and the anguish that comes from feeling a lack of rewarding experiences. The impact derived from the use of technologies in a digital environment has been widely studied in young people but not so much in older adults. The main aim of this study was to analyze FoMO levels in older adults and their relationships with sociodemographic and formative factors. Another aim of this study was to analyze whether the dimensions of emotional intelligence, the different forms of attachment and psychological symptomatology affect the FoMO levels of older adults. A total of 690 older adults from Argentina aged between 60 and 90 years (M = 69.01; SD = 5.48) participated, 54.5% of whom were women, responding using a geolocated online questionnaire. The main results confirmed that older people show FoMO levels similar to other general samples. In addition, results show several predictor variables with respect to FoMO: emotional attention, insecure attachment, depression and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. The implications of the results observed in older adults are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Durao
- Faculty of Education, International University of Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Etchezahar
- Faculty of Education, International University of Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | | | - Mariela Muller
- Faculty of Education, International University of Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1053, Argentina
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Leung T, Kwan YH, Yoon S, Goh H, Yee WQ, Tan CS, Low LL. Digital Intergenerational Program to Reduce Loneliness and Social Isolation Among Older Adults: Realist Review. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e39848. [PMID: 36598801 PMCID: PMC9850285 DOI: 10.2196/39848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a compelling need for an innovative and creative approach to promote social connectedness among older adults to optimize their well-being and quality of life. One possible solution may be through a digital intergenerational program. OBJECTIVE This realist review aimed to identify existing digital intergenerational programs that were used to reduce loneliness or social isolation among older adults and analyze them in terms of strategy, context, mechanisms, and outcomes. METHODS We performed a realist review with an extensive search of published and gray literature. For scholarly literature, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO (Ovid), and Social Sciences Citation Index databases for articles published between January 2000 to August 2020. A grey literature search was performed using the Google search engine, and the search was completed in May 2021. We included programs that evaluated digital intergenerational programs for older adults, which described outcomes of loneliness or social isolation. We included quantitative, mixed methods, and qualitative studies, as well as relevant theoretical papers, policy documents, and implementation documents. The studies were appraised based on their relevance and rigor. We synthesized the available evidence from the literature into Strategy-Context-Mechanism-Outcome (S-C-M-O) configurations to better understand what, when, and how programs work. RESULTS A total of 31 documents reporting 27 digital intergenerational programs were reviewed. Our final results identified 4 S-C-M-O configurations. For S-C-M-O configuration 1, we found that for community-dwelling older adults, provision of access to and training in digital technology may increase older adults' self-efficacy in digital devices and therefore increase the use of digital communication with family. In S-C-M-O configuration 2, digital psychosocial support and educational interventions from nurses were found to be useful in reducing loneliness among community-dwelling older adults. In S-C-M-O configuration 3, a video call with a student or family was found to reduce loneliness among older adults residing in long-term residential care facilities. Finally, for S-C-M-O configuration 4, we found that behavioral activation provided through videoconferencing by a lay coach may be useful in reducing loneliness among older adults who are lonely. However, as almost half (11/27, 41%) of the included programs only reported quantitative results, this review focused on screening the discussion section of publications to identify author opinions or any qualitative information to elucidate the mechanisms of how programs work. CONCLUSIONS This review identified the key strategy, context, and mechanism influencing the success of programs that promote intergenerational interaction through digital means. This review revealed that different strategies should be adopted for different groups of older adults (eg, older adults who are lonely, older adults who reside in long-term residential care facilities, and community-dwelling older adults). The S-C-M-O configurations should be considered when designing and implementing digital intergenerational programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Heng Kwan
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore.,Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Internal Medicine Residency, SingHealth residency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sungwon Yoon
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore.,Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hendra Goh
- Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Qi Yee
- Population Health & Integrated Care Office, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore.,Population Health & Integrated Care Office, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Family Medicine & Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Tan TH, Idris I. Assessing the significance of first place and online third places in supporting Malaysian seniors' well-being during the pandemic. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:149. [PMID: 37041889 PMCID: PMC10080517 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The enforced lockdowns and social distancing measures associated with COVID-19 may have influenced older adults' preferences towards their homes and neighborhoods as well as social spaces. One objective of this research is to determine whether home and neighborhood environments ("first place") affect how satisfied older adults are with their lives during the epidemic. This study also examined the extent to which social spaces that exist in the virtual world ("online third places") affect older adults' life satisfaction when they would have to practice risk-averse behaviors in times of pandemic. To collect data, this study analyzed the responses of 500 active older adults and conducted in-depth interviews with seven older adults who served as neighborhood leaders in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study found that there is a direct relationship between older adults' satisfaction with their current housing and their overall life satisfaction during the pandemic. Similarly, having a quality neighborhood nearby increases the likelihood of living a satisfied life during the pandemic. Most online third parties, with the exception of instant messaging apps, do not appear to provide older adults with an adequate platform to interact with their friends, participate in social networking, and join communities for emotional support during the pandemic. The findings and recommendations of this study would be very useful in developing effective interventions to promote aging in place during the coronavirus outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Hong Tan
- Xiamen University Malaysia, School of Economics and Management, Bandar Sansuria, Malaysia
| | - Izian Idris
- Sunway University, Sunway Business School, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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21
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Zary N, Healy D, Barry M, Brennan A, Redfern S, Houghton C, Casey D. Key Stakeholders' Experiences and Perceptions of Virtual Reality for Older Adults Living With Dementia: Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis. JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e37228. [PMID: 36563042 PMCID: PMC9823606 DOI: 10.2196/37228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology is increasingly being used and evolving in the dementia care landscape. One such technology that has gained traction over the last decade is virtual reality (VR). VR is being applied in many areas of dementia care, including cognitive assessment and training, reminiscence therapy, music therapy, and other recreational VR applications. Despite the plethora of applications, they are often not shaped by the experiences and perceptions of older adults living with dementia. Currently, there is no qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) to explore this area. This review aimed to provide qualitative evidence supporting existing systematic reviews in this area. OBJECTIVE The aim of this QES was to explore key stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of VR for older adults living with dementia. It aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to VR use and provide recommendations for future design and implementation. METHODS QES was used, which involved a systematic search of 6 databases to identify studies that qualitatively explored key stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of VR for older adults living with dementia. Thematic synthesis was used to integrate the findings of 14 studies (from 15 reports). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The confidence placed in the review findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQUAL (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research). RESULTS A total of 15 reports from 14 studies were included in the review, consisting of a range of levels of VR immersion, stages of dementia, and care contexts. Three analytical themes were generated: stepping into virtuality, a virtual world, and returning to reality. The results indicate the importance of sensitively designing and introducing VR to this population, as older adults living with dementia often have no prior experience of using this technology. VR can be a positive experience for older adults living with dementia and can provide meaningful interactions, positive expressions, and long-term impacts on everyday functioning. However, it should be acknowledged that some negative associations must be accounted for before, during, and after use. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the positive implications as well as negative associations of VR use. It emphasizes the need for VR design and implementation driven by the needs and views of older adults living with dementia as well as with other key stakeholders. Future research needs to explore the vital role that older adults living with dementia can play in the design process and how they can be empowered to meaningfully design and use this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Healy
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Barry
- School of Information and Communication Studies, ADAPT Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Attracta Brennan
- Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sam Redfern
- Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Dympna Casey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Moyola, Galway, Ireland
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The Effects of Online Social Interactions on Life Satisfaction of Older Chinese Adults: New Insights Based on a Longitudinal Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101964. [PMID: 36292411 PMCID: PMC9602052 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging and digitalization have become universal phenomena. Over the past two decades, digital inclusion has started to play a crucial role in supporting successful aging. Based on a nationally representative sample of around 5200 older adults in China over the period of 2014-2018, we explore the effects of online social interactions (OSIs) on the life satisfaction of older adults. We find that OSIs can improve the levels of life satisfaction of older Chinese adults. Estimates from fixed effect and cross-lagged structural equation models further suggest that OSIs work by increasing physical activities, healthy time allocation, interpersonal trust, and informal social engagement and reducing loneliness. We also find that OSIs narrow the social inequality in life satisfaction across groups from rural-urban areas and groups with different social statuses. Moreover, a comparison among different online engagements shows that not all online activities positively affect older adults' life satisfaction. Different online activities have varying effects. Our results highlight that public digital interventions focusing on social functions can benefit the lives of older adults.
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23
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Jayakody DMP, Tan YME, Livings I, Costello L, Flicker L, Almeida OP. Australian older adults' views on using social media for reducing social isolation and loneliness in hearing impaired older adults: A community conversation. Australas J Ageing 2022; 41:585-589. [PMID: 36093589 PMCID: PMC10087692 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) The objective of this study was to conduct a community conversation to identify the views of the community members when designing an online community using Facebook to support the psychosocial well-being of hearing-impaired older adults. METHODS A community conversation was held with 40 older adults aged more than 60 years. The participants were divided into groups of five and asked to discuss three open-ended questions. The researchers facilitated the discussions. RESULTS The overwhelming response from this group was that they did not use Facebook or social media as a tool for social connection and did not see the benefits of social media applications. They preferred phone calls or in-person events to maintain their social relationships. CONCLUSIONS Implications for areas of future research and interventions that target loneliness in older adults are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona M P Jayakody
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ysraelle M E Tan
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Isabelle Livings
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leesa Costello
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Döring N, Conde M, Brandenburg K, Broll W, Gross HM, Werner S, Raake A. Can Communication Technologies Reduce Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older People? A Scoping Review of Reviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811310. [PMID: 36141581 PMCID: PMC9517063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation in older age are considered major public health concerns and research on technology-based solutions is growing rapidly. This scoping review of reviews aims to summarize the communication technologies (CTs) (review question RQ1), theoretical frameworks (RQ2), study designs (RQ3), and positive effects of technology use (RQ4) present in the research field. METHODS A comprehensive multi-disciplinary, multi-database literature search was conducted. Identified reviews were analyzed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. A total of N = 28 research reviews that cover 248 primary studies spanning 50 years were included. RESULTS The majority of the included reviews addressed general internet and computer use (82% each) (RQ1). Of the 28 reviews, only one (4%) worked with a theoretical framework (RQ2) and 26 (93%) covered primary studies with quantitative-experimental designs (RQ3). The positive effects of technology use were shown in 55% of the outcome measures for loneliness and 44% of the outcome measures for social isolation (RQ4). CONCLUSION While research reviews show that CTs can reduce loneliness and social isolation in older people, causal evidence is limited and insights on innovative technologies such as augmented reality systems are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Döring
- Media Psychology and Media Design Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Melisa Conde
- Media Psychology and Media Design Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Brandenburg
- Electronic Media Technology Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Broll
- Virtual Worlds and Digital Games Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Horst-Michael Gross
- Neuroinformatics and Cognitive Robotics Lab, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Electronic Media Technology Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Alexander Raake
- Audiovisual Technology Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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25
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Jarrott SE, Leedahl SN, Shovali TE, De Fries C, DelPo A, Estus E, Gangji C, Hasche L, Juris J, MacInnes R, Schilz M, Scrivano RM, Steward A, Taylor C, Walker A. Intergenerational programming during the pandemic: Transformation during (constantly) changing times. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 78:JOSI12530. [PMID: 36249546 PMCID: PMC9537804 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intergenerational programs have long been employed to reduce ageism and optimize youth and older adult development. Most involve in-person meetings, which COVID-19 arrested. Needs for safety and social contact were amplified during COVID-19, leading to modified programming that engaged generations remotely rather than eliminating it. Our collective case study incorporates four intergenerational programs in five US states prior to and during COVID-19. Each aims to reduce ageism, incorporating nutrition education, technology skills, or photography programming. Authors present case goals, participants, implementation methods, including responses to COVID-19, outcomes, and lessons learned. Technology afforded opportunities for intergenerational connections; non-technological methods also were employed. Across cases, programmatic foci were maintained through adaptive programming. Community partners' awareness of immediate needs facilitated responsive programming with universities, who leveraged unique resources. While new methods and partnerships will continue post-pandemic, authors concurred that virtual contact cannot fully substitute for in-person relationship-building. Remote programming maintained ties between groups ready to resume shared in-person programming as soon as possible; they now have tested means for responding to routine or novel cancellations of in-person programming. Able to implement in-person and remote intergenerational programming, communities can fight ageism and pursue diverse goals regardless of health, transportation, weather, or other restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Jarrott
- Social Work, Ohio State University(Lead author and Case Study 4 contact)ColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Skye N. Leedahl
- Human Development and Family ScienceUniversity of Rhode Island (Case Study 2 contact)KingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Tamar E. Shovali
- Human DevelopmentEckerd College (Case Study 3 contact)St. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Carson De Fries
- Social WorkUniversity of Denver (Case Study 1 contact)DenverColoradoUSA
| | - Amy DelPo
- Denver Public LibraryDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Erica Estus
- College of PharmacyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Caroline Gangji
- The Village Common of Rhode Island & formerly Age‐Friendly Rhode IslandProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Leslie Hasche
- Social WorkUniversity of Denver (Case Study 1 contact)DenverColoradoUSA
| | - Jill Juris
- Recreation Management and Physical EducationAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Roddy MacInnes
- College of ArtsHumanities, and Social Sciences at the University of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Matthew Schilz
- Social WorkUniversity of Denver (Case Study 1 contact)DenverColoradoUSA
| | - Rachel M. Scrivano
- Social Work, Ohio State University(Lead author and Case Study 4 contact)ColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Andrew Steward
- Social WorkUniversity of Denver (Case Study 1 contact)DenverColoradoUSA
| | - Catherine Taylor
- AARP Rhode Island & formerly Age‐Friendly Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Anne Walker
- College of ArtsHumanities, and Social Sciences at the University of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
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26
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Thiel C, Günther L, Osterhoff A, Sommer S, Grüneberg C. Feasibility of smartphone-supported, combined physical and cognitive activities in the Neighbourhood for stimulating social participation of the elderly. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:629. [PMID: 35907804 PMCID: PMC9338648 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combining smartphone-assisted group activities in the neighbourhood and training in physical and cognitive skills may offer the potential to promote social participation and connectedness of older adults. This non-controlled proof-of-concept, retrospectively registered study aimed to determine the feasibility of such an intervention approach, including its evaluation. Methods In two consecutive six-month intervention cycles, 39 community-dwelling adults were provided with weekly smartphone, physical and cognitive training by two tutors. Using a specifically designed app, the participants were also encouraged to join and later self-organise physically and cognitively stimulating activities related to hot spots in their Bochum neighbourhood. Indicators of feasibility were documented. Results The recruitment and assessments took 3 hours per participant. Excluding smartphone support, the preparation and the implementation of the intervention amounted to nine person-hours per week. Six participants dropped out, and 13 did not complete one or more assessments. The participants attended 76 ± 15% of the weekly training sessions. The instructors deemed the programme feasible, but familiarisation with the smartphone and the app was very time-consuming. Twenty-seven of 29 participants reported high overall satisfaction, and 22 agreed that the programme helped them to establish social contacts. The smartphones attracted substantial interest and were used frequently, despite mixed satisfaction with the project-specific app. From baseline to follow-up, the six-minute walking distance, lower extremity strength and moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as quality of life, were preserved at a high level, while balance performance was significantly improved. Of the 11 tests related to cognitive functioning, 4 tests (a memory test, the Stroop test and 2 tests of verbal fluency) indicated significant improvement. No moderate or serious adverse events occurred in relation to the assessments or the intervention. Conclusions The multimodal approach seems safe and feasible and offers the potential to promote social connectedness, bonds in the residential neighbourhood and smartphone competency, as well as to preserve or improve physical and cognitive functions. Adaptations of the intervention and of the outcome assessments may contribute to better assessment and exploitation of the potential of this approach in a future study involving socially, physically and cognitively less active elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Thiel
- Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany. .,Faculty of Sports Science, Training and Exercise Science, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Liane Günther
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke Osterhoff
- Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Department of Applied Health Sciences, Speech and Language Therapy Program, Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha Sommer
- Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Department of Applied Health Sciences, Speech and Language Therapy Program, Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Grüneberg
- Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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27
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Choi EY, Farina MP, Wu Q, Ailshire J. COVID-19 Social Distancing Measures and Loneliness Among Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:e167-e178. [PMID: 33428753 PMCID: PMC7928665 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults are advised to follow social distancing measures to prevent infection. However, such measures may increase the risk of loneliness. The current study aimed to investigate (a) whether social distancing measures, particularly limiting close social interactions, are associated with loneliness among older adults, and (b) whether the association between social distancing measures and loneliness is moderated by sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD Data were from the fourth wave (April 29 to May 26, 2020) of the nationally representative Understanding America Study COVID-19 Survey. We used data on adults 50 years or older (N = 3,253). Logistic regression models of loneliness were performed. Five indicators of social distancing measures were considered: (a) avoiding public spaces, gatherings, or crowds; (b) canceling or postponing social activities; (c) social visits; (d) no close contact (within 6 feet) with people living together; and (e) with people not living together. RESULTS Cancelling or postponing social activities and avoiding close contact with people living together were associated with 33% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.68, p < .05) and 47% (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.09-1.99, p < .05) greater odds of loneliness, respectively. Furthermore, limiting close contact with coresidents increased the probability of loneliness more for males, non-Hispanic Whites, and those with higher levels of education and income. DISCUSSION Efforts should be made to help older adults maintain social connectedness with close others by virtual communication methods. Our findings also call special attention to vulnerable groups at elevated risks of loneliness, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mateo P Farina
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Qiao Wu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jennifer Ailshire
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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28
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Balki E, Hayes N, Holland C. Effectiveness of Technology Interventions in Addressing Social Isolation, Connectedness, and Loneliness in Older Adults: A Systematic Umbrella Review (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2022; 5:e40125. [DOI: 10.2196/40125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Gadbois EA, Jimenez F, Brazier JF, Davoodi NM, Nunn AS, Mills WL, Dosa D, Thomas KS. Findings from Talking Tech: A Technology Training Pilot Intervention to Reduce Loneliness and Social Isolation among Homebound Older Adults. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igac040. [PMID: 35855113 PMCID: PMC9291367 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Social isolation and loneliness are common among older adults and associated with negative health outcomes including cognitive decline, depression, suicide ideation, and mortality. Information and communication technology interventions are often used to combat loneliness and social isolation; however, homebound older adults face barriers to access. This study reports findings from a novel pilot intervention, called Talking Tech, designed to reduce loneliness and social isolation in homebound older adults by providing one-on-one, in-home technology training, a tablet, and the internet, to promote digital literacy and participation in a virtual senior center. Research Design and Methods Twenty-one homebound older adults participated in this 14-week, volunteer-delivered program. We used qualitative interviews with participants, volunteers, and program staff, weekly progress reports from volunteers, and quantitative pre- and postintervention surveys with participants to examine experiences and to evaluate the impact of the intervention on loneliness and social isolation. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and pre- and postintervention survey data were compared. Results Participants reported increased technological literacy and use, increased access to online activities, and improved facilitation of social connections to existing and new networks. Additionally, during interviews, many participants reported that participating in Talking Tech alleviated their loneliness. While not statistically significant, our quantitative analysis revealed trends toward decreased participant feelings of loneliness and increased technology use. Additionally, intervention adoption and retention were high, with only one participant withdrawing from the intervention. Discussion and Implications This evaluation of the novel Talking Tech pilot intervention provides critical insights into strategies to reduce loneliness and isolation for older adults, with implications for future research, policy, and practice. Findings demonstrate that individualized technology training may be an acceptable way to improve well-being for homebound older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Gadbois
- Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
| | | | - Joan F Brazier
- Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Natalie M Davoodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Amy S Nunn
- Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health
- Division of Infectious Diseases at Brown University Medical School
| | - Whitney L Mills
- Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
- Center for Innovation in Long-Term Services & Supports , Providence VA Medical Center
| | - David Dosa
- Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
- Department of Primary Care , Providence VA Medical Center
| | - Kali S Thomas
- Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health
- Center for Innovation in Long-Term Services & Supports , Providence VA Medical Center
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30
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Johansson-Pajala RM, Gusdal A, Eklund C, Florin U, Wågert PVH. A codesigned web platform for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a feasibility study. Inform Health Soc Care 2022; 48:109-124. [PMID: 35579407 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2022.2070068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are associated with negative health outcomes, physical as well as cognitive. Information and communication technology (ICT) can be effective tools for preventing and tackling social isolation and loneliness among older people. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of the Fik@ room, a web platform for social interaction designed for older people. A mixed methods design was applied, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected during a 12-week period (n = 28, Md age 74). Experiences of loneliness were reduced using the Fik@ room. The results highlight the feasibility issues surrounding the recruitment process, adoption, pattern of use, usability, support service, and technical infrastructure. In particular, the importance of offering ICT solutions with few technical issues, and to provide easily accessible and appropriate support. The Fik@ room is a feasible tool for older people to develop new friendships, reduce loneliness, and grow their social networks. However, it is not a communication option that fits all. The results offer a compilation of feasibility issues that can serve as an inspirational guide in the design and implementation of similar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelie Gusdal
- School of health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Caroline Eklund
- School of health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Florin
- School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
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31
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Davitt JK, Brown J. Using Voice and Touchscreen Controlled Smart Speakers to Protect Vulnerable Clients in Long Term Care Facilities. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igac024. [PMID: 35712325 PMCID: PMC9196695 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) restricted long term care (LTC) facility visitation to only essential personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Maryland Department of Human Services distributed Amazon Echoshow 8 voice and touchscreen controlled smart speakers (VTCSS) to a sample of their institutionalized guardianship clients to enhance caseworker access during the pandemic.
Research Design and Methods
This pilot study focused on understanding VTCSS use challenges and the effects on clients’ safety and well-being. Two focus groups were conducted with caseworkers (N=16) who piloted the devices. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using open and axial coding.
Results
Four themes were identified, including challenges to providing casework during the pandemic (e.g. facility technology gaps), challenges to device installation and use (e.g. privacy concerns), strategies for overcoming challenges (e.g. alert features), and benefits (e.g. stimulation, care monitoring) and uses (e.g. enhanced access, entertainment).
Discussion and Implications
VTCSS show great promise to engage the client, maintain visual access, and monitor quality of care. However, facilitating access to such technology requires planning and training before installation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Davitt
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jocelyn Brown
- School of Social Work & School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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32
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Gründahl M, Weiß M, Maier L, Hewig J, Deckert J, Hein G. Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Loneliness and Isolation During Social Distancing and Its Effect on Mental Health. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:798596. [PMID: 35449561 PMCID: PMC9017747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.798596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of factors contribute to the degree to which a person feels lonely and socially isolated. These factors may be particularly relevant in contexts requiring social distancing, e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or in states of immunodeficiency. We present the Loneliness and Isolation during Social Distancing (LISD) Scale. Extending existing measures, the LISD scale measures both state and trait aspects of loneliness and isolation, including indicators of social connectedness and support. In addition, it reliably predicts individual differences in anxiety and depression. Data were collected online from two independent samples in a social distancing context (the COVID-19 pandemic). Factorial validation was based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Sample 1, N = 244) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; Sample 2, N = 304). Multiple regression analyses were used to assess how the LISD scale predicts state anxiety and depression. The LISD scale showed satisfactory fit in both samples. Its two state factors indicate being lonely and isolated as well as connected and supported, while its three trait factors reflect general loneliness and isolation, sociability and sense of belonging, and social closeness and support. Our results imply strong predictive power of the LISD scale for state anxiety and depression, explaining 33 and 51% of variance, respectively. Anxiety and depression scores were particularly predicted by low dispositional sociability and sense of belonging and by currently being more lonely and isolated. In turn, being lonely and isolated was related to being less connected and supported (state) as well as having lower social closeness and support in general (trait). We provide a novel scale which distinguishes between acute and general dimensions of loneliness and social isolation while also predicting mental health. The LISD scale could be a valuable and economic addition to the assessment of mental health factors impacted by social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Gründahl
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Weiß
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Maier
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hewig
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Hein
- Translational Social Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Sadri H, Sadri S. Is long-term care a building or a societal moral philosophy? Healthc Manage Forum 2022; 35:140-146. [PMID: 35363084 DOI: 10.1177/08404704221083554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of Older Adults (OA) in Ontario will double in two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that the model of subsidized Long-Term Care (LTC) homes does not reflect the care needs of OAs. Many nations have implemented LTC models as a continuum of care for OAs promoting independent home/community living. These models help delay admission to LTC homes and achieve a higher quality-of-life for OAs. Current financial pressure on the healthcare system and inadequacies of LTC homes necessitate a broader social welfare policy. One viable option for sustainable LTC is implementing Ontario's mandatory public long-term care insurance policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadri
- 549576Medtronic of Canada Ltd., Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salar Sadri
- 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Pavlidis G, Hansen T, Motel-Klingebiel A, Aartsen M. Network and solitude satisfaction as modifiers of disadvantages in the quality of life of older persons who are challenged by exclusion from social relations: a gender stratified analysis. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 17:2859-2875. [PMID: 35342486 PMCID: PMC8934721 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined from a gender-sensitive perspective the associations of exclusion from social relations (ESR) with the quality of life (QoL) of excluded older persons. Being satisfied with existing relations (i.e., network satisfaction) may be particularly important for the QoL of older persons with small networks, whereas the QoL of "network-less" older persons may be associated with their perception of solitude (i.e., solitude satisfaction). This study examined the moderating role of network satisfaction (NS) in the gendered associations between network size and QoL, as well as the gendered associations of solitude satisfaction (SS) with the QoL of older "network-less" persons. In addition, the comparative disadvantages in the QoL of "network-less" older persons with low-to-high SS, compared to the QoL of socially embedded persons with low-to-high NS were examined. Cross-sectional gender stratified secondary analyses of data from participants (N = 72.433) in the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) did not provide convincing evidence that a higher NS is particularly important for the QoL of older persons with smaller networks. Among older "network-less" persons, lower SS was associated with lower QoL, comparatively more so among older women. Older persons embedded in a social network with low NS, as well as older "network-less" persons with low SS, have comparatively the lowest levels of QoL. It was concluded that the subjective evaluation of social relations and the subjective evaluation of solitude are associated with gendered disadvantages in the QoL of older persons challenged by ESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pavlidis
- Division of Ageing and Social Change, Department of Culture and Society, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Ageing and Housing studies, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Motel-Klingebiel
- Division of Ageing and Social Change, Department of Culture and Society, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Marja Aartsen
- Department for Ageing and Housing studies, Nova-Norwegian Social Research, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Wilding A, Munford LA, Sutton M. Predictors of social participation: evidence from repeated cross-sectional population surveys in England. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6550292. [PMID: 35301537 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social participation is linked to better health and well-being. However, there is limited research on the individual and area-level predictors of participation. This study aims to determine the characteristics associated with participation, particularly the impact of community asset availability. METHODS We used data from 34 582 adult respondents to the nationally representative Community Life Survey from 2013 to 2018. We measured social participation by reported participation in 15 types of groups. We used probit and negative binomial regression models and included a wide range of individual, household and area characteristics, and availability of 14 types of community assets. RESULTS The following characteristics were associated with higher levels of participation: being female (+3.0 percentage points (p.p.) (95% CI 1.8 to 4.1p.p.), Black, Asian or Minority Ethnicity (+3.7p.p. (1.9 to 5.5p.p.)), homeownership (+4.1 p.p. (2.7 to 5.6p.p.)) and living in a rural area (+2.1p.p. (0.5 to 3.6p.p)). Respondents from the most deprived areas were less likely to participate than those in average deprivation areas (-3.9p.p. (-5.9 to -1.99p.p.)). Higher availability of community assets was associated with increased participation in groups. The effect of availability on participation varied by type of asset. CONCLUSION Improving community assets infrastructure in high deprivation and urban areas would encourage more social participation in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilding
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - L A Munford
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Sutton
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Thangavel G, Memedi M, Hedström K. Customized Information and Communication Technology for Reducing Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Adults: Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e34221. [PMID: 35254273 PMCID: PMC8938833 DOI: 10.2196/34221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancements in science and various technologies have resulted in people having access to better health care, a good quality of life, and better economic situations, enabling humans to live longer than ever before. Research shows that the problems of loneliness and social isolation are common among older adults, affecting psychological and physical health. Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in alleviating social isolation and loneliness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to explore ICT solutions for reducing social isolation or loneliness among older adults, the purpose of ICT solutions, and the evaluation focus of these solutions. This study particularly focuses on customized ICT solutions that either are designed from scratch or are modifications of existing off-the-shelf products that cater to the needs of older adults. METHODS A scoping literature review was conducted. A search across 7 databases, including ScienceDirect, Association for Computing Machinery, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science, was performed, targeting ICT solutions for reducing and managing social isolation and loneliness among older adults. Articles published in English from 2010 to 2020 were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS From the review of 39 articles, we identified 5 different purposes of customized ICT solutions focusing on reducing social isolation and loneliness. These were social communication, social participation, a sense of belonging, companionship, and feelings of being seen. The mapping of purposes of ICT solutions with problems found among older adults indicates that increasing social communication and social participation can help reduce social isolation problems, whereas fulfilling emotional relationships and feeling valued can reduce feelings of loneliness. In terms of customized ICT solution types, we found the following seven different categories: social network, messaging services, video chat, virtual spaces or classrooms with messaging capabilities, robotics, games, and content creation and management. Most of the included studies (30/39, 77%) evaluated the usability and acceptance aspects, and few studies (11/39, 28%) focused on loneliness or social isolation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the importance of discussing and managing social isolation and loneliness as different but related concepts and emphasizes the need for future research to use suitable outcome measures for evaluating ICT solutions based on the problem. Even though a wide range of customized ICT solutions have been developed, future studies need to explore the recent emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things and augmented or virtual reality, to tackle social isolation and loneliness among older adults. Furthermore, future studies should consider evaluating social isolation or loneliness while developing customized ICT solutions to provide more robust data on the effectiveness of the solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomathi Thangavel
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mevludin Memedi
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Hedström
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
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Todd E, Bidstrup B, Mutch A. Using information and communication technology learnings to alleviate social isolation for older people during periods of mandated isolation: A review. Australas J Ageing 2022; 41:e227-e239. [PMID: 35142013 PMCID: PMC9543732 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in reducing social isolation in older people and draw recommendations from previous literature appropriate for informing ICT use in future mandated periods of isolation. METHODS A systematically conducted review of key databases to identify studies investigating ICT interventions that targeted social isolation or loneliness among older people. RESULTS Fifteen articles were identified. All articles used ICT as an intervention for targeting social isolation with varying results. Most studies reported positive impacts on social isolation, but this was identified more in self-reporting compared to changes in baseline measures. The types of ICT used included videoconferencing, Internet-based applications and purpose-designed applications. A number of factors were also identified throughout the studies that impacted uptake that should be considered when implementing ICT. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found evidence of ICT improving social connectedness of older people to some extent although more rigorous research in future is needed. Recommendations from previous literature highlight the importance of including older people in purposeful design, engaging families and support networks, and providing ongoing ICT training and support so that systems and skills are in place for future periods of mandated isolation. The literature also warns us not to rely on ICT as the only avenue for social interaction either during or outside periods of social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Todd
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Bidstrup
- Council on the Ageing (COTA) Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allyson Mutch
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Badawy A, Solberg M, Obstfelder AU, Alnes RE. Improvised use of a digital tool for social interaction in a Norwegian care facility during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:136. [PMID: 35105344 PMCID: PMC8804078 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital tools for social communication have been deployed in care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate social connectedness between older people and their next of kin in a safe manner. This study explores how and why health care professionals facilitate the ad hoc and prompt use of a technology for social communication, known as KOMP, in care facilities in western Norway to promote communication and social engagement among residents and their next of kin during the crisis. Methods To investigate the perspectives and practices of health care professionals, we conducted focus groups, individual interviews, and participant observation in public short- and long-term care facilities in western Norway. An explorative investigation with inductive content analysis was applied to analyse interview transcripts and fieldnotes from participant observation. Results The resulting qualitative data reveal that prompt implementation of interactive technology to cope with social distancing during the pandemic added new routines to the staff workload. Using this interactive technology entailed new forms of collaborative work among residents, next of kin, health care professionals and technology facilitators. Additionally, the staff articulated a sense of responsibility towards using KOMP as a meaningful and practical tool for social communication in an extraordinary period of reduced social contact. Conclusions Improvised implementation of KOMP as an interactive technology shapes work routines, introduces new tasks and creates additional responsibilities. Despite creative efforts by health care staff, however, using KOMP remains constrained by the physical and cognitive abilities of its users. We suggest that health care managers ask a deceptively simple question when introducing novel technologies in health care contexts, namely: what kind of invisible work do these devices entail?
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Badawy
- Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 2, 6009, Ålesund, Norway.
| | - Mads Solberg
- Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 2, 6009, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Aud Uhlen Obstfelder
- Center for Care Research, Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Rigmor Einang Alnes
- Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 2, 6009, Ålesund, Norway
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Lydon EA, Nguyen LT, Nie Q, Rogers WA, Mudar RA. An Integrative Framework to Guide Social Engagement Interventions and Technology Design for Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Public Health 2022; 9:750340. [PMID: 35096730 PMCID: PMC8795670 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.750340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness in older adults are associated with poor health outcomes and have been linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and incident dementia. Social engagement has been identified as a key factor in promoting positive health behaviors and quality of life and preventing social isolation and loneliness. Studies involving cognitively healthy older adults have shown the protective effects of both in-person and technology-based social engagement. However, the benefits of social engagement for people who are already at-risk of developing dementia, namely those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), have yet to be elucidated. We present a narrative review of the literature, summarizing the research on social engagement in MCI. First, we identified social networks (quality, size, frequency, and closeness) and social activities (frequency, format, purpose, type, and content) as two overarching dimensions of an integrative framework for social engagement derived from literature examining typical cognitive aging. We then used this framework as a lens to examine studies of social engagement in MCI to explore (i) the relationship between in-person and technology-based social engagement and cognitive, emotional, and physical health, and (ii) interventions that target social engagement including technology-based approaches. Overall, we found that persons with MCI (PwMCI) may have different levels of social engagement than those experiencing typical cognitive aging. Moreover, in-person social engagement can have a positive impact on cognitive, emotional, and physical health for PwMCI. With respect to activity and network dimensions in our framework, we found that cognitive health has been more widely examined in PwMCI relative to physical and emotional health. Very few intervention studies have targeted social engagement, but both in-person and technology-based interventions appear to have promising health and well-being outcomes. Our multidimensional framework of social engagement provides guidance for research on characterizing the protective benefits of social engagement for PwMCI and informs the development of novel interventions including technology-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Lydon
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Qiong Nie
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Wendy A. Rogers
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Raksha A. Mudar
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Silva P, Delerue Matos A, Martinez-Pecino R. The Contribution of the Internet to Reducing Social Isolation in Individuals Aged 50 Years and Older: Quantitative Study of Data From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e20466. [PMID: 34982040 PMCID: PMC8764612 DOI: 10.2196/20466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social isolation has a negative impact on the quality of life of older people; therefore, studies have focused on identifying its sociodemographic, economic, and health determinants. In view of the growing importance of the internet as a means of communication, it is essential to assess whether internet use interferes with social isolation. Objective This study specifically aims to clarify the relationship between internet use and social isolation of individuals aged ≥50 years, for which other surveys present contradictory results. Methods We performed logistic regression analysis with social isolation as the dependent variable, internet use as the interest variable, and several other sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals as control variables. The sample size was 67,173 individuals aged 50 years and older from 17 European countries (Portugal, Greece, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, and Croatia) plus Israel, who were interviewed in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6. Results The results show that countries differ in the level of social isolation and rate of internet use by individuals aged 50 years and older. They also evidence that in most of the countries analyzed, social isolation of internet users was lower compared to that of nonusers after controlling for a set of sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals that have been previously described in the literature as determinants of social isolation. Indeed, on average, although 31.4% of individuals in the nonuser group experienced high social isolation, only 12.9% of individuals who used the internet experienced this condition. Conclusions Internet users show lower social isolation. This result underlines the importance of promoting e-inclusion in Europe as a way to counter social isolation of individuals aged 50 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Silva
- Communication and Society Research Centre, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice Delerue Matos
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Roberto Martinez-Pecino
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Meuser T, Cohen Konrad S, Robnett R, Brooks F. Telecollaboration in gerontology service learning: Addressing isolation & loneliness in a pandemic. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2022; 43:18-33. [PMID: 34348587 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2021.1956489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness present significant challenges for the mental and physical health of older adults. Social distancing, mask wearing, and other precautions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic add to these challenges. This article details a telecollaborative service-learning project to engage older adults online and provide applied experiences for students. From March through October 2020, 54 students from Social Work (Master, Bachelor), the College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM; DO), and Occupational Therapy (Master) provided telephone support and Zoom™ based programming for older adults affiliated with the University of New England. Creative offerings were piloted weekly and debriefed on Friday afternoons in the spring, leading to more structured 8-week schedules in summer and fall. Peer-to-peer support took place between older adults with experience in video meetings and those willing to learn. Bidirectional and intergenerational benefits were noted as older adults and students navigated the exigencies of the pandemic and learned important lessons with and from each other to advance knowledge and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meuser
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Health & School of Social Work
| | | | - Regula Robnett
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Health & Occupational Therapy Department
| | - Franklin Brooks
- School of Social Work, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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42
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Quialheiro A, Figueiró TH, Rech CR, Marques LP, Paiva KMD, Xavier AJ, d'Orsi E. Can internet use reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment? Analysis of the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study (2009-2019). Prev Med 2022; 154:106904. [PMID: 34863810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the effect of internet use on the incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults. Data are from the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study which has been following a population-based sample of older adults (60+) residing in Florianópolis, southern Brazil, for ten years. The outcome was the incidence of cognitive decline in follow-up waves measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination using cutoff points according to education. The exposure was internet use according to wave (yes/no). We excluded individuals with cognitive impairment from Wave 1 (n = 453). We used a longitudinal analysis model (Generalized Estimating Equations) to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals. We estimated the risk of cognitive impairment in Wave 2 or Wave 3 according to internet use in the previous wave. The incidence of cognitive impairment was 13.4% in Wave 2 and 13.3% in Wave 3. Despite the aging of this cohort, the prevalence of internet users increased from 26.4% in Wave 1 to 32.8% in Wave 2 and 46.8% in Wave 3. The risk of cognitive impairment in Wave 2 or Wave 3 was 70% lower for older adults who used the internet in the previous wave, adjusted for sex, age, years of education, household income, and self-reported comorbidities (IRR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.61; p = 0.001). Internet use was associated with a decline in the incidence of cognitive impairment among older adults living in the urban areas of southern Brazil after a period of ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Quialheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Medical School, University of Minho, Portugal.
| | - Thamara Hubler Figueiró
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Rech
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pruner Marques
- Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Mary de Paiva
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - André Junqueira Xavier
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Medicine Course, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Eleonora d'Orsi
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Hardy MS, Fanaki C, Savoie C, Dallaire C, Wilchesky M, Gallani MC, Gagnon MP, Laberge M, Voyer P, Côtéc A, Couture V, Dallaire B. Acceptability of videoconferencing to preserve the contact between cognitively impaired long-term care residents and their family caregivers: A mixed-methods study. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:65-73. [PMID: 36155311 PMCID: PMC9492440 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visiting restrictions had to be imposed to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus and ensure the safety of long-term care home (LTCH) residents. This mixed method study aimed to explore residents' and family caregivers' acceptability of electronic tablets used to preserve and promote contact. Semi-structured individual interviews with 13 LTCH residents and 13 family caregivers were done to study their experiences, as well as the challenges and resources encountered in the implementation and use of videoconferencing. They had to rate, on a scale from 0 to 10, each of the 6 Theoretical Framework of Acceptability' constructs of the acceptability of the intervention. The results confirm acceptability of videoconferencing, giving residents and caregivers the opportunity to talk to and see each other during the pandemic. Videoconferencing had some benefits, such as being less expensive, and taking less time and effort for family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil Hardy
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Chaimaa Fanaki
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Camille Savoie
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Clémence Dallaire
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Mashelle Wilchesky
- Department of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Université McGill, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Maria Cecilia Gallani
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Gagnon
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Maude Laberge
- Administration Faculty, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Voyer
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - André Côtéc
- Administration Faculty, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincent Couture
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Université Laval, 1600 Ave des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, Québec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Bernadette Dallaire
- School of Social Work and Criminology, Social Sciences Faculty, Université Laval, 1030, avenue des Sciences-Humaines, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Laslo-Roth R, George-Levi S, Margalit M. Social participation and posttraumatic growth: The serial mediation of hope, social support, and reappraisal. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:47-63. [PMID: 33295659 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In light of the global crisis created by the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019, the goal of the study was to detect factors that might enhance people's ability to experience positive psychological change during traumatic events. As such, this study examined the relationship between social participation and posttraumatic growth (PTG) during the coronavirus outbreak and tested the mediating role of hope, social support, and cognitive reappraisal in explaining this relationship. The sample consisted of 275 participants (21.8% male, and 78.2% female, with an average age of 33.42, SD = 13.63), subjected to social-distancing regulations during this period. Results demonstrated a serial mediation model in which social participation predicted PTG directly and indirectly through hope (pathways and agency), social support, and cognitive reappraisal. The importance of social participation in nourishing personal resources and practical implications including the need for prevention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Laslo-Roth
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan George-Levi
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Margalit
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Constantiner School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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45
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O'Connell ME, Haase KR, Grewal KS, Panyavin I, Kortzman A, Flath ME, Cammer A, Cosco TD, Peacock S. Overcoming Barriers for Older Adults to Maintain Virtual Community and Social Connections during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:159-171. [PMID: 34233600 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1943589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe the evaluation of remote training, an innovative use of technology to maintain older adults' virtual connection with their community and socialization, which were disrupted by the pandemic. Remote training was conducted via telephone using principles of cognitive rehabilitation and delivered by trained clinicians. METHODS We thematically analyzed trainer reflection notes and interviews with older adult participants. RESULTS The main facilitators were technology training with exposure, and the main barrier was fear of technology. CONCLUSIONS We describe how telephone-based training grounded in principles of cognitive rehabilitation can be used to remotely train older adults to use new technology and to help them maintain their community-based connections and engage in socialization. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Fear of technology during the pandemic can cause significant impairment in social functioning for older adults, at least when the only method for socialization is technology mediated such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empathically delivered remote training in an understanding manner can reduce fear and increase social and community connections in the era of physical distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kristen R Haase
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karl S Grewal
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ivan Panyavin
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - August Kortzman
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meghan E Flath
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Allison Cammer
- College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Theodore D Cosco
- Gerontology Research Center, Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shelley Peacock
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Buckingham SA, Walker T, Morrissey K. The feasibility and acceptability of digital technology for health and wellbeing in social housing residents in Cornwall: A qualitative scoping study. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221074124. [PMID: 35096410 PMCID: PMC8793427 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221074124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of digital technology for improving health and wellbeing in social housing residents living in a deprived area in Cornwall, England. Methods Qualitative scoping study with focus groups and telephone interviews (23 participants in total). Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results Levels of use and experience with digital technology were diverse in this group, ranging from ‘willing and unable’ to ‘expert’ on a self-perceived scale. Overall, participants had positive perceptions of technology and were keen to try new technologies. Five categories of factors influencing technology use were identified: functional, physical / health, psychological and attitudinal, technology-associated barriers, and privacy, safety and security. Preferred types of digital technology were wearable activity monitors (e.g. Fitbit®), virtual assistants (e.g. Amazon Alexa) and social messaging (e.g. WhatsApp). There was a strong consensus that technology should be easy to use and should have a clear purpose. There was a need to improve awareness, knowledge and confidence in technology use and participants desired further training and support. Conclusions There is a need and desire to use digital technology to improve health, wellbeing and social connectedness in social housing residents in Cornwall. The findings will be used to inform a digital training and support programme for the participants of the Smartline project. This study also serves as a template for future research that seeks to scope the feasibility and acceptability of different digital interventions in similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ann Buckingham
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Tim Walker
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- Sustainability Division, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark
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Waycott J, Zhao W, Kelly R, Robertson E. Technology-Mediated Enrichment in Aged Care: Survey and Interview Study. JMIR Aging 2021; 5:e31162. [PMID: 34975014 PMCID: PMC9044160 DOI: 10.2196/31162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital technologies such as virtual reality (VR), humanoid robots, and digital companion pets have the potential to provide social and emotional enrichment for people living in aged care. However, there is currently limited knowledge about how technologies are being used to provide enrichment, what benefits they provide, and what challenges arise when deploying these technologies in aged care settings. Objective This study aims to investigate how digital technologies are being used for social and emotional enrichment in the Australian aged care industry and identify the benefits and challenges of using technology for enrichment in aged care. Methods A web-based survey (N=20) was distributed among people working in the Australian aged care sector. The survey collected information about the types of technologies being deployed and their perceived value. The survey was followed by semistructured interviews (N=12) with aged care workers and technology developers to investigate their experiences of deploying technologies with older adults living in aged care. Survey data were analyzed using summary descriptive statistics and categorizing open-ended text responses. Interview data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results The survey revealed that a range of commercial technologies, such as VR, tablet devices, and mobile phones, are being used in aged care to support social activities and provide entertainment. Respondents had differing views about the value of emerging technologies, such as VR, social robots, and robot pets, but were more united in their views about the value of videoconferencing. Interviews revealed 4 types of technology-mediated enrichment experiences: enhancing social engagement, virtually leaving the care home, reconnecting with personal interests, and providing entertainment and distraction. Our analysis identified 5 barriers: resource constraints, the need to select appropriate devices and apps, client challenges, limited staff and organizational support, and family resistance. Conclusions This study demonstrates that technologies can be used in aged care to create personally meaningful enrichment experiences for aged care clients. To maximize the effectiveness of technology-mediated enrichment, we argue that a person-centered care approach is crucial. Although enrichment experiences can be created using available technologies, they must be carefully selected and co-deployed with aged care clients. However, significant changes may be required within organizations to allow caregivers to facilitate individual technology-based activities for enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Waycott
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, 700 Swanston Street, Melbourne, AU
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, 700 Swanston Street, Melbourne, AU
| | - Ryan Kelly
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, 700 Swanston Street, Melbourne, AU
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48
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Hampson R. eConnections-New possibilities …. Australas J Ageing 2021; 40:344-346. [PMID: 34937130 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Hampson
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Day A, Phelps K, Maltby J, Palmer E, Snell K, Raine D, Conroy S. A realist evaluation of loneliness interventions for older people. Age Ageing 2021; 50:2246-2253. [PMID: 34591956 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the aim of this study was to develop a programme theory to inform the design of loneliness interventions and guide any future evaluations. METHODS we undertook a mixed-method evaluation, informed by the realist approach, of different approaches to loneliness in one health and social care system in the East Midlands, UK. We used a combination of documentary analysis, interviews/focus groups with service providers and users and quantitative analysis to develop an initial programme theory. RESULTS common aims of local interventions included enhancing social connectivity, providing emotional support and advice/information; recurring interventions included social activities, emotional support, advice and information, lunch clubs, learning new skills and practical support. None were robustly evaluated.Fifty-six service user or providers were involved in interviews or focus groups, which highlighted the causes of loneliness, preferred services, access to services, thoughts about intervention configuration and desired outcomes from services.The themes emerging from the interviews/focus groups from both service provider and service user perspectives were combined with all of the previous emerging data to create an overarching programme theory. Statements were constructed to allow service providers to think about which interventions might be useful to achieve specific outcomes in different contexts. CONCLUSION the causes and consequences of loneliness vary widely between individuals, so a personalised approach is required to identify the causes and potential solutions. This study provides some high-level principles that can help commissioners and providers to tailor interventions to the individual needs of service users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Day
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kay Phelps
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - John Maltby
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Emma Palmer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Keith Snell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Derek Raine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Simon Conroy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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50
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Hill JR, Brown JC, Campbell NL, Holden RJ. Usability-In-Place-Remote Usability Testing Methods for Homebound Older Adults: Rapid Literature Review. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e26181. [PMID: 34726604 PMCID: PMC8596282 DOI: 10.2196/26181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology can benefit older adults in many ways, including by facilitating remote access to services, communication, and socialization for convenience or out of necessity when individuals are homebound. As people, especially older adults, self-quarantined and sheltered in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of usability-in-place became clear. To understand the remote use of technology in an ecologically valid manner, researchers and others must be able to test usability remotely. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to review practical approaches for and findings about remote usability testing, particularly remote usability testing with older adults. METHODS We performed a rapid review of the literature and reported on available methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and practical recommendations. This review also reported recommendations for usability testing with older adults from the literature. RESULTS Critically, we identified a gap in the literature-a lack of remote usability testing methods, tools, and strategies for older adults, despite this population's increased remote technology use and needs (eg, due to disability or technology experience). We summarized existing remote usability methods that were found in the literature as well as guidelines that are available for conducting in-person usability testing with older adults. CONCLUSIONS We call on the human factors research and practice community to address this gap to better support older adults and other homebound or mobility-restricted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Hill
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Janetta C Brown
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Noll L Campbell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richard J Holden
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Health and Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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